Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Comparativ Module EmdadCS00
Comparativ Module EmdadCS00
Comparativ Module EmdadCS00
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
www.islamic-studies.info
#$
3 ........................................................ -(*+,)
(&'
%
4 ................................................................................................. /.
11 ...................................................... 01
2+34
19 ................................................................................65
21 ......................................................... 789
:;
<=
23 ........................................................................... D$CBA@>8?
24 ............................................................ JK
FGHIG ECS01 <@>8
28 ...... 7WX
8
VUGHST@HSRNOPQML+IG ECS02<@>8
34 ........................................... _`^]Y
7Z[\HI\ ECS03<@>8
38 ............................... Si
SghHfHdeHc8HbOPQa ECS04<@>8
47 ............................................................... mjk+%
l ECS05<@>8
57 ................................... poSO
tuHSsHrqpon ECS06<@>8
72 .....
}~H{|HSOvzx<y
Sw7xHSwv
ECS07<@>8
Page 2 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
-(*+,)
(&'
%
_ H
7 8 + O PQ
2 + 3 4 ( ) ' %
<+_++_
&(Impartial)
_
_+H
H?(B)
%
_~
_
H_+_S+
(k)(_
#_(
&
E(*+_
)
2:
BLSz
B7K7B
%%
L)2
e
%HO H;7) )
*+)H;7)
(
Page 3 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
/.
;% 7
>k+m(85BmLzx
1g-
87KB,
_
( #_ (
_%
85Bm()%(I
_BX
+%(
(+Xr
H
+X
1H(
H#(
)(
B
%
L+
B(kX
4
(
5%+1
!" H8Sg
(K)
#$%&%'g()+
*5rg
Hk+
,+1+%
(B101
(B-7.~L+
/B<=L(
2 + ` S0 1 %
B 2 B 3 4 56 ) 7 %N 8
7<B_H.+ _HB =>7?@+ _A& B9 : + 01
;
& K +
C + 1
X g B B D
)
+ _ HB B -GH+_-&-EF
I?+ `(NN+B9JK )7_
+L%
(?M5N
OP
_+01
;L
+ Q_QS)
F+%'(t
ML Q_R Q
QQ
Q_Q
QQL
S
TUVW ze')
e QQ
SgK
YB
_ ZY[\C+X
(t]X+
Page 4 of 82
!"
www.islamic-studies.info
3 QQ(t
^7K)t+2B3H+z:(
)
F+%' %H(to
_ +%`+ aK
Q
Q
_c g ( ) % z B X + Q_Q
B 5 b g B X QQ
(
fgSO,+O
XH1Hde
%KSklm Qigt<
SOHjLQ[(7KBh B2008)
Bn)_HLo
pq%lqr+igt<
(SsBtr)
B47?
uBYv+%H_kzk
Hw1x*5
H
/B%zk
+Tz{|S}~gy;
Hw
HG/<8HIH<F
>K+B
::%
US%zk
z%AbgB
+ JB1 K) ~ + H(x % Hm%
<8
_X J 1 H
7. SJ + X H
%
e<
H
7W
2
zkx )
~%)k
[HI_+I
_H:;+_HOPQ
01H;Hde
+%+))H#7K
<=
:%_8[
J7K
%
H(2
:
HjHuBg (
L(5B_c
?7_7.~S
(2
:-
F
)
:g
5N+8
)
+O
H+7K
CTU4(
Page 5 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
275N%
(
(
(tK?_c%(~)(2~de
m
( & &
H H H> H H ) ( ) ? % ( t 7K 2
61+
2:B%S7W
)(BB4m+(t*+%
+
+)
)(gh(
B61~
NN+7kQ
/ B ' : z B
F
K ( ) :5 #
)
&F
+K
BB-
+:)+
(*5B+7
uB_cNg8K%
B%(;JAN)()
:2
k51
*B[
SJ F%
HK
F[
_+ 7 ( *[
S
A[())
N+%JW
HV
+47Bv
1(:/B*(k*B
(
+4B (C()
1+%B32C
2008
+ B Q
!"Q%&
)
_l+%BlPf
)2B3
4)B_H3C
&%&:
_
~
+_
Page 6 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
)S$S%
_Q%HP
BM;
+%
(BSS%B%(;%
+
:%%*+S*H(&5)*
_c)S
((BB_
_ + % % ( 6
%
B*B%81s
PH(B
%7K
+ 5
5q %+% H
% (B)
k+
9+%
%H(t
M5
5q+
_ + # N _ k ( S 1 1
B+%+Xg(B)5
5q%7
( B )
HW b B 1 B ! + %
&
BV78L
T12 mU
C(B)
7
PBS:;___S
+
Hbk_:j(B
H(%
7.~O_+_A(L+7:;012+`)
2 +4;N)
z K+
(P & _%H(5N
FK+
Hk5
2+4Hk
;
n
g 7
PBO;7uB
Sw 7
Hk[
( v B 4 K S B m TU k 7 ( W :
B 01 + ` B de u ( B 5N ( +
(
)B(tVVB3
P7K)_
+
c
D8+%
G:
v
D8+(
Page 9 of 82
!"
www.islamic-studies.info
2011
mubashirnazir100@gmail.com
Page 10 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
01
2+34
6
B%B-
F(
L(5B_c_
+%<|C
~"47
:
7l
7|+
%
%(
2OPQ
6
BS:(uB QO Q
)
+
C+X% (uBXHO+
zB2(
7 X 1 ( y1 +X%kK N 7
x y K ( ) ( t
4 7 + 1
+ 7< B
B01
+ m
+ 70B ! B_
+
<F
B
<F ) _ ; 4 i! 8:
P+<:+7
<+c
+09_ (ghS*70BB_
B`
Q~+mQ l)_6
B%
<!SSKSB09u<!SKF_BG 2:256
*+ de
H 8 de O @0
+ 09 _ ( gh &
+ de
H& < ! O < ! N: _`
>
1
)
: 2 + 7l
H^ +
>
1 Be +
l { rq ) P
?+
)H)jHHH
Page 11 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
BJB
;H01
HHIBe
_(
&J
Be2
2+_H
QQC
eXa
oBeH<KBeS:
Page 12 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
JB<K
HI
HIBe
HI
g_+%FG
IG E
1S+34B<K~"
HIBe
1ML+
(
&J
25S EIG L1
N? O
( t uBVUG
ST@HSRNJ) PN E
M
M
L1.1
(;7B
M
M)!
(
9+_Het2+_
E
L1.2
(Q+!l6
R% E
w7x
#v
L1.3
R+_ EFG L2
SST
L2.1
XU0
L2.2
Sz:
L2.3
1u
:
HS"
L2.4
{
FG
IG) EJK L3
VU
ImV L4
WHS^X!_`_`
Beu L5
BXoBe
4
2por_(SS}XoYB34
4#N: _+ <
: +%NF
Z 9[+
: [ ( \ k ] Xo ? B B 3 4 % u B Xo
Page 13 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
(
&J5%Xo;
%
Xo;
;
_
poB!^ L1
`aH_b_^jHoB_cpo c
L1.1
B _h
i H_ He de
f po rq
+ g ;
L1.2
oSBj
kHoi!BBHi!BPNH_b_zx
n + o
j
k H_p + _q
_rs po Ss
l m
x n
L1.3
oBtH
i!7u
uBPNpotu
u L2
*vwHx
HyzoPNpo{
SOHO L3
B;a
+
u B 1
2 + O PQ 2 ) | C 1
MBOAB1)^}]-
[
4 ; a @0 ( 7 : 7 + _ +
GO'(IG~_;9OPQa)
;
M
JK
F
b L1
c8 L2
de L3
f L4
Sgh L5
Si L6
Page 14 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
Sz: L7
JK L8
L
8 ) ; +
_ ( A@>8 2 +
% B
+ %HlEk 7 ze A
_`a
<@>8 J A@>82 %6
%l
E(*5%)JBA@>8r
HM
XJK
FGHIG ECS01 <@>8
ST@
SRNM
VUGM ECS02 <@>8
Be~"
Su! ECS03 <@>8
mjk+_
lG ECS05 <@>8
poSO
O
tuHSsHrq ECS06 <@>8
/0
H}~H{|HSOvzx<y
Sw7xHSwv
ECS07 <@>8
w
C+
w
w<+g
?_
w<'N%
7
()MS
Q
N
+
%B
w
w<+
+ _
O :5 H <K S: HHI + 01
Be 2 %
arq(S
P%
7K
<F:
:8!m(5N7K%OPQ
;H01?_+34
Page 15 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
BS
_H(.
m)(7
7LB
+ _q
BI (5N01 $ _: (
& I<)
^]YB_6
BO 8
)+m1{%
7)
(
+L+
7
HI+01Bet
x`
'%
_
(
&+_
HIBe+
2(
&+zB_H
+_
7+
2l)
E(722-792/1322-1390):m9
.
5 Q(HIn)Q
E QQ8:(732-808/1332-1406)_
fH7Y
7g8
.
+IG
!%(
+HI(
Q
Q(e01
7+
Qk%6
%Hnt:Hl
&|
S+HIT
& k + Q7.Q r
P Theology So N + % P Q
7./+`(
(Sq;q%
()?%(
eY
%
(Q
a
+
E+
S
HS:
& -( ; 7 % & E
_ +
de 2
_
( _ -( 3N &
7Z & -( :
+ 7; SJ & -(
7k
Page 16 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
% - ( S
P de -( & ' : B _c -( S
( c [ 7Z & -!
_ + ` T l k + + de C b;
(&_CS07<@>8_6
%H(7F
I
_&7F)8+` E78+ 012+!de
8w5758
F+&-(8
9+_8m
K F G
- V 7 7
:
T + & -(
CS02
CS01<@>87F_
-(&
<F
*5rI
()
E7Bm
CS04<@>8C_-(#
>-(+#N
_c& E7q;
CS05<@>8;_-(&K5
%l<|m-
BHm
x*+>~
Bm Epon
O
SO <|+
tu+ HSs + ( km
xrq*+
CS06<@>8C_nB:m
x
+ <F % -
& Q *5 , ! zx
E7 B vzx
v
CS07<@>8COHOPQ2
` + 7 n 2 8+ 01
2 + `
(_(01
+deu
H
H@H~
B ' 7
+ ` o % ( Q Be + _
<e
Page 17 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
51^j
zx
)+
_
()6
B%(451{Sg^j
zx
;
: ^j
_
+ <) U S ) H
) _ + 5
G M S q
? 0
(reign 197- _;8
eK N + _ ( ^j _
H(164-241/780-855)f8+OG%li+5217/813-833)
(260-S
85&N:D8+_
*
BzB_7
_K:[B_HI+54324/874-936)
1
%(K
H?16
B_
(:)zx
/ B +
_
% ( 6
( + > H :
HI*> B+
_
?%w n J (BS zx
_fmN?
M
+_
+
%%t
S S% + + O 7F 2 K _ C
SS%)L+o%()SJt
Page 18 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
65
+%
S1F) (t
SFB65+?J
wO(o
p)[(
HG
+1%4er*+)(+1
+_5%_8X%+S
P-.1/2 FB
VG k<
5%1
2+%
e_
&614
+5%l1
4+%H+61k
+ *+7K%
3L+
3 + 3
[ 6
7K #
+1~"
2B
MU%+T1
1
7BeMw_%
L1
_+
Page 19 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
O)
:H7H#q E(t& 6
SB
1-(?
H
1 L2
C%
% -M5N%&H(&012+`[ L3
R+[
51&zx
+
_
-S:Y_%-
L4
_7\-(
-k65&*+<|+ L5
Page 20 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
789
:;
<=
7
+VU
_
+ Q2:124Q 7
(P&gh"7B_%
124vB2F(?(P
(BSLBB%
(&<= Q !QV
+"B) ( VU
_ + %H
BV%>_>[VU>
http://www.almeshkat.net/books E2
+
+_
_7
4 +_HLGO(B)%
(
+(Ethos)<8+8:+%()H%:8:
E<=)+%
+ (40-150/660-750) + 7v u
G ?
BS
K_t_7
4+
S 7S150
4S40S<)%BS
(gh4+_(&<=(b. 1950)*+7v:*5r(
Page 21 of 82
(&_+(p. 1986)(&_
(&_+(reign 13-23/635-645)&_
_
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
(;BB<
m
S?_
(P&(c. 380/990)l;:
n;+G
_%
H
BSC_7
4
http://www.islamicfinder.org/dateConversion.php ES
(EK+B( QB
Q~X5
28?_ E
81*N_#
(Indent) )K
(, d+H(SB
%
e B<=
!N S
+%(S*+
+$
H N#+ %
"e
7KB
:' + H( :
o & B } HQ % Q
( B
STB%(+78q
>kH)78I
( 1Sk+g~
Page 22 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
D$CBA@>8?
Page 23 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
JK
FGHIG ECS01<@>8
*K
FGHIG E1
;+8+*K
FGHIG
78+FG
IG
78+*K
IG
FG
IGK+SZV E2
48( E3
+l1
FG
IG
+FGq48)
_
V
:;+48
,o
FGH E4
l1
FG
IG
IG
+FG
.v
-v
Page 24 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
/_
201
%VU
<F3Jz
43Jz
Vuq3Jz
FG
+IG
_
VU
?
B
+ E5
+T12
FG
IG
^
<~
B7
5
(d. 151/768)56f
-
BH_B7
5
@ E6
+:'
:+@
<_ EA
-&B3J7W@& ES
Page 25 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
ES
-(C@&
v
E
D E7
D
v
E
HK
FBF
FG E8
FBFG
+IG4BB8
+FG:+8
HK
1ML+FG E9
)ST
)z:
HI+@z:
B@z:
I0X S
<K
HIS+J0
BJ0
L
K
Sg
E I0S MN
L
:
E I0SKMN
S"
Page 26 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
t>~
rqBFG
IG E10
70IG+FG
70FG+IG
IG
JKH^ E11
01O
*K
JK
51PK
^
PKq
qVUPK
JKQ
PKrq
BXJK
Page 27 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
8+;VUG
ST@HSRN
aq>
>
T E2
>
<
61
U(
k
P(
kVw5758
W
S7+m_
61
Page 28 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
U( E3
+7WSRN
/
XB
<F
kYUF
VU
+7WMU(
ZBU_
ZBUVU
U(
k
P( E4
+7WSRN
B
<F
k;_+4
<F
65[
\
B
wB
<F]
^;_
`
)
+7WST@
VUG
a
w E5
+7WSRN
7db$c_
7db$cVU
Page 29 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
+7WM
(a
_e 7WSRN
X(
f7^(
h
h<g
Y
E6
Y
+7WSRN
+7WM
h<g
+7WSRN
+7WM
i( E7
B7WST@
VUG
B7WSRN
`X
8
( E8
+<
61
7WM
+<
61
jv
Page 30 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
7dkVU
l
:
+
61
7
7+ m_ E9
+7mjk
+h+7
%m_
+7WM
+7WSRN
:
fnm E10
fnm
+7WSRN
+7WM
:
FBo
7+_
_`X
8 E11
1
X
+1p
;
+7WX
8
Sq
Page 31 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
r;
+7Wp
;
+7WX
8
7ts
u
B;+ E12
1750 E<
18311750 E
19061831 Ev
1906 E1
5+e
wBOPQ2
S:xB;
_ey
_ez
7ke
{3
1ML+IGgK E13
;| =
5}
@ }
HB
1
~
}
Page 32 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
Page 33 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
^]Y
7Z[\HI\ ECS03 <@>8
_`
VU\
I\ E<
Q
VU\ E1
BVUmV
I
VUmV
M;q
I?
BVU\
VU\
VU E2
3+I
VU
_
+VUmV
|BVU
V
7C
7C+VUmV%
BVUm
E3
51
<
*@
SVU
7
o
Page 34 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
7Z[\ E
Q
de
deS E4
<K
HI+7WS
_`
Bv
1882 E
18911882 E
19081891 E
19471908 E
l
19741947 E
<1974 E
+`
@7Z[ E5
+
_
VU
4
+7WS
F
+
wBF
F
m
B
_Q7ZB
<FfN
Page 35 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
/<
E6
Vq
/<
5:V
k
<:k
_<?
k
k*
%
<
7B<8
k0;)
X
H
BI+
3Jf
<
%+;5}+
0
^
k^8
^
k7`
+:
VU
+:
B:
7Cq
B:
iB_
1ML+@ E7
SS
7ZB:
7Z[(
i(
,o(
iB@
(Sy47Z#
Page 36 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
S
(iK`
-B@
de
deW E8
BdeW
HI+deW
! E9
B(NOI) !
HI+(NOI) !
RoCS03<@>8 E10
1
Page 37 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
51Q<
Q
51_
Q
51~
~
b;Q
7*_
7>~_
_
7
U
#q_
05
7
<=?Q
;a E2
;a+IG
bQ
c8Q
deQ
fQ
Page 38 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
SghQ
;au
;a
9+IG
SiQ
Sz:Q
JKQ
B;a
BbQ
Bc8Q
BdeQ
BfQ
BSghQ
BSiQ
BSz:Q
BJKQ
-(U
~
V
S~
-~
7
uB
+n
+7
E3
-(&#
(&7
-(
&H#
-(tV_
-&+b
-&+
Page 39 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
-&+
S8+
+: E4
-(&1B:
-(&65:
-&7
+_
B
:
-&+4
_L
-&>B:
-&_+:
-&
B:
-(taK;:
5q:
-(&
:
-(&:B
-(&
:Bmm
-(&:B
+:
:
E5
:
-(H:_
-&_
>B:
-(
;:
-(:k*:
7,
-zwk
&:
-(
k*+:
-&+
:
-(t@1
,:
-
BH:S]k%
4zx
Page 40 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
-
BH?H:h
-
&wH+:(Liabilities)bI
-(&B(Exempted Assets)
-
&
,(Assessment) B:
-(
&k;:
-(S
Pk4:&
-(
k+:&
-(P&;:
-&+0
+L
KH
E6
7q
-(&5
-(&5
7
H_+
BB<8
1B%
B
7
PBG*+
-(#kH:&
q7
-(
-(Q
w7:&
K
-(,K
-&>
K
-
BB
HK
-(&<+
+K
-(&
L
-&qL
Page 41 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
-(&
+
-(&
+
-(&
_? E7
*\
-(7:
B;*\
-(&*\
-&>
_+*\
-(B*\
-(&
-(&7g
-P:;&+*\
-(&^
:
-(&7(
-(&3
5
-(51&
5
35*+7u
-(&
5
-(t
*5,5
-(&5BH/
:7wB &
-(&5S
-(&
-(&(Option) B5
-(&5B7@
-&B5
-(&S5_X7B
-(7B
9+
5&
-(&_
-(&__
Page 42 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
-(&_
-&+7'
0 ?u
_}~ E8
<8
<8
<
<<8
= <8
<8
(Durables) =
(Consumables) B<8
~
-(*5,~
-(S
Pk7*+
~
-
>~
-(V[~561
D
1
zk
-(&?
-(4
,<8
-(t
aK
0}~u
O+Q
S+m
;a E9
_
I
I
+V+OPQ
IG
Page 43 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
B<0+FG
)
K+OPQ+IG
65+;a E10
++I
_
~
+^
t
%
wG
_
>
7+
7?
L
<
QBQ E11
1/622^j8:SZ EQ
(1-140/622-757)
Bi!Q E
(140-400/757-1009)OPQa E
-?HXa
G
VG
bQ
Page 44 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
c8Q
deQ
fQ
SghQ
SiQ
Sz:Q
JKQ
m
(400-750/1009-1350)@o E
@o
'7<c
gh
#w
L
B(Pragmatism) Sw 1
(Idealism) Sw
\<+B<K
B
poY
O
QBQ E12
(750-1200/1350-1785)
E
l
^
O+
::
Q
(1200-1370/1785-1950)<
:
E
_Q
::
Q
<1370/1950
E
_Q
::
Q
Page 45 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
a+zx
7ke
zx
Page 46 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
mjk+%
l ECS05 <@>8
l E<
Q
l E1
-(&l
ABl
7Bl
'l
t
7
+l
70
)
m<:|
m
^
u
~
k;S
K87K
B
e
ql
>
>T
lmjk
l;
Page 47 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
L+l E2
L
l
S:
0
;u+l E3
1
(Pantheism)7U
5
4
3
x
#1
?
!
7"
#;+
$
(Hastiness) Sw& %
'
I(
Page 48 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
(
S
;5ql
1).
Bc*
l E
Q
7U
E4
<+
(Pantheism)7U
,>
,>T
lmjk
q<+
(Pantheism)7U
+,>
+,
+lmjk
7-B7U
E5
JS:
.B
,
lmjk
/7U
,
lmjk
/7U
V
0VU
3J1VU
S
Page 49 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
7Z[
E6
S
?+,
2#N31
H
,4
v
BVB
_Q<5+7ZI
6
l"7K
Sgh
,
Blmjk
-(8V&
,>T
B7*
K\&
7*
X
9
E7
=B:
;
<
lG
lmjk
X)
lG
lmjk
lG
ig
igt< E8
lGqigB
+OSRN
+OST@
Page 50 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
>
?
l
+lG3+ig
igt< E9
/@A
r;`
BlG
lmjk
BBm
3+igt<
BC
D~
XE
+lmjko+ig
igt< E10
|Bigt<_
S:t<
mH
<F
kF
^
GHF
:@C
S:BD8D8I
AB3JJ60
<)B3J5
3JK_L
o+3JMNz
o+igt<
-(OPQ&
7kSR+igt<
lG
Page 51 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
5,+*TU E11
0I+*TU
.B
o
k (V7S
5+*TU+lG
B
<W
Xh
<W+mz~X
+F,
lmjk
7
E12
_
7Y
+,
Z7*
\]S[
*\
\7^
+lmjko+7
__j
4eBjV
4eBj
lG
v
B
`
aB
7
PB7
7J?
bL7
Page 52 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
<W
Sc E13
Sc+lG
,
lmjk
+lmjk
<WHXh
,
7dB
<W
lmjk
Vb;
eH7<, E14
7<,
_f
7
+%
B*
lXg
kh+*TU
<=Vi
b;
%kj
_l
_8
4eB:+
*
VU
,>
E15
7Y
+,>
,>T
m@L>1
2
1).3
Page 53 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
n
54
lmjk
4g7K, E16
+lG
3JVU
3JzVU
3JVU
3J4f*VU
oJ%*fVU
oJfVU
3JfpVU
3JqfL~VU
3Jr
VU
3JSs
VU
3Jg
VU
3J
VU
uJtVU
+lmjk
75+lmjk
, E17
3
+lmjk
+lG
<wv
x;
y
7"
78
Page 54 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
-B!
,
SZ
,
7B
V
z
<
Q EBl E18
1-200/622-815
E
200-350/815-961
l
E
S
B:m
70+{K
7}
7
|
:j
350-650/961-1252^
E
~5
>
BX
7
j
7}
7
|
B7
l
Q EBl E19
650-1000/1252-1591
S
E
l
70l+7rq
7uB7U
X
1
l
Page 55 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
1000-1266/1591-1850*
S E
/7U
@gX
poBlmjk
<1266/1850 <
:
E
B
1~
5}
w
l
Page 56 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
o
-(t*+o&
-(t4H
Uo
-(51& # x
o
-(XoB,
-Xo_
5Xon
poB
_
poB
_
B_
poBzx
porqn1
poSs2
potuiu3
poSO
O4
5ST6BXozx
BXon2+
m
xBXorqn E<
Q
porqnB E2
Page 57 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
porq1
porqBS
2
<8
o
2.1
7
7;H,oo2.2
2.3
!2.4
_q2.5
VUG2.6
)io2.7
Ro65+XorqBS
porqnB+43
oB:
k;3.1
Xo3.2
oB(1877-1938)<93.3
i!
S
;z
3.4
i!3.5
i!3.6
i!x
(1932-2010)>3.7
porqnB
5} E3
:1
_b_2
f_b_
e_b_
__b_
i_b_
_b_
_>F_b_
_b_
@
Page 58 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
_b_
`a
oMBS
porqnB
B E4
B
odeB<
or
orq;BB
orqnBB
porqnB1
} E5
j
k
.
_>F
porqnBFG E6
_
5
_h
Page 59 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
S
m
iXorqn E7
Xorqn
7BXorqn
m4
S
7=
7
DE3
7ke
Xorqn
7ke c
S
7ke+Sw<
Sw
7ke+:M
l
L
7ke+(Pragmatism) Sw 1
(Idealism) Sw\
Xorqn
Sw7xBrqn
|
X
S:
oB5c
#qBe
v
4Bu
c
<=T5+
_Sm7u
lm4
:
:E8
-(&:
Page 60 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
++
+!+:
+m
-(V3S:__c&
-(Q!):&
,o
vHv E9
51,o
vHv
v
Hv
,o
v
,o
v
,o
-(b^v
,o&
7+
++:+7LB
++7
>B}*+
-(S
Pk!N?&
K+v E10
B
++4BB
++:+
5+v#i!
z+#i!
'qv
Page 61 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
lm4 E11
Xorqn
crq
B
x34
cB7*
:;+lrq+m4
mjk+lrq+m4
mB#q
B
+Xorqn E12
_
<S
;k;
mjk
7
+Xorqn
mjk
+Xorqn
mjk
+mjk+rq E13
<BVU
_
:;+B
VB7*
-( @034&
Page 62 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
SZc E14
i!x
n c
5n cSZ7
czx
XoSsBe
M;
SZc
BB
Ro5+ E15
poSs E
Q
<
QpoSsBeB E16
5XoSs
poSsBS0
poSsBS0
_%
_rs
_po
_po
o+_p
:0?
_p
_q_po
+
B
'
Page 63 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
'
7uB'N?
__9
_ek
?
'
<z;
'
QpoSsBeB E17
poSs
1
1_q
70_q+c
_ST@_q
oBOSRN
poSsw
5(
:m
xn
wvsB
_
_BOST@
_BOSRN
_7
+_ek
:;+_
owB8N
powB_q
powBS
<H7
poSsB7
JBde7
poSsB
Page 64 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
poSsB`
poSsB
poSsB
poSsnB09u E18
i
Bi(
0
)[)wi
%d
_h
}
iXoSsn E19
XoSsn
7ke
7BXoSsn
XoSsn
1F
+4
k<>[1F
X
v
1
S:
oB5c
1
@
G
mN
_Sm7u
Page 65 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
0I+ E20
++*+!
+'+*+!
+'+ij*+'
@?
E21
++:++
`
3J
}S
4
BJ:fp
zfk
+61
>B4
<>4
<
:;+_B)
?_
+Ss
+
potuiu EFQ
potuB E22
u
Bu
7ugu
Xu
l
u
70+u
Page 66 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
i!7u
5i!7u
Bi!7u
7ugi!7u
i!7u
l
i!7u
70+i!7u
_^o
_^o
B_^o
(PAT)oiu_q
cS
rqB_^
7
+_^o
70+_^o
u
7uB%
e
u
u
potuiuBu+ E23
5}
B
}
~
@
potuBFG
potuBv E24
de
poSB;
Page 67 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
otuB,
>
otuB
deS
de
de
deS
deW
m
otuBmSO
otu Bmiu
iXotuiu E25
Xotuiu
7BXotuiu
r
~"
N
=M
l
Aq;O
SO
:
zx
_
4
(Modernism) vzx
Aq;rq
7ke
Xotuiu
Xotuiu
X
m
xrq
_e
>~
Page 68 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
5
7ke,
7u`/Bv
<8(Non-Intellectual) SO
<=V|
/B
UBm7u E26
+_
M;Xotu
M;Xotu
VU
_
+_
M;?
+_
M;1
7uB
7uB1
7uB#
+Sw
poSO
O E
Q
poSO
OB E27
(Orientalism)5 o
7++ !"
(Modernists) ow7x
(Traditionalists) owv
Page 69 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
(Moderatism) pozx<y
oBsm<
oB[Fu=G
S:rqB!N?
oB+4i!
oB5BB"zx`
zxB"i!
oB+v
` zx7uB!
<
QoSO
OBB !" E28
oBB !"N?
oB(Reconstruction)B !"
(Reconstruction)B_"
7
+"nS
BVU
VU
+VU
e:zxBV
oB7(Authenticity)BV
7+VUmV
z+BV"
QoSO
OBB !" E29
BQ
:a
7~i!
@
@a
QIj
BQ
B7
Page 70 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
^j
7
7BS0
7S0
7N?
7+7
B
B
oBB !"u+
iXoSO
O E30
51XouXoSO
O
70+oBB !"
XoBB !"
Sw4j
Sw7x
VU\
l\
'
B
m
xrq
Page 71 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
<y
Sw7xHSwv
ECS07 <@>8
}~H{|HSOvzx
w7x
wv
E1
2+
w7x
wv
wv
w7x
+7ke<y
8+
w7x
wv
E<
Q
SK
Sm E2
deG
+m
m
+m
-&l_c&
l1
)
-(?de&
-(
4Bde&
+deG
-m&
)(Agnosticism) v
w7x
Page 72 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
&
7k E3
+&
7kmV
+deG
<
<5
-H
/k
<F
- 8U<F_`
Su7Z
7k
&
w7x
7
P
de
E4
7
PBde
de
w7x
wv
7Wzx<y
+deG
_
-b&
bk4.
+
w7x
-(_Sde&
-(de&
-(_de&
-(1
(de&
-(>de&
-(>0N7<cde&
-(
7de&
-(igt<de&
Page 73 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
E
Q
K+
E5
T1?q
7W
7WVUG
7Wzx<y
FG
SRo
+l1q
E6
!
+G
_
VU
G
+!
%BxK
B_j
7e+m
+!
-(bk
;&
>q_K:
>q_
>qV
>qQ<
>q+
Page 74 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
lt
_ EFQ
S:
HS E7
++4BBl
++:+l
++:+l
++:+@
4BBl
++4BBS:
:+l
++:+l
SRo
lt
HHx; E8
x;
++4BBx;
:
++:
}+x;
:
>
lt
++:'+
++:+lt
}~ E
Q
:
K E9
5 QKQbtp
++:+Fbtp
Page 75 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
++4BBF+g
-
BH?H:SK
zx
+
+
%:,B
+.
S
i! E10
-(bi!&
+
bki!
+
bi!
-(F"&
-(F &
-(
&
++4BB
++:+
++:+
:'+(
EQ
L
Uzx
E11
-n[9B7;&
+!+9B7;
+h+9B7;
-X9&
M
U>
+
+++
U
Page 76 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
++-9
U
(
k+7H)( E12
)(
+
+1
519BS
k+7
(
+
+'+9B
q
:? E!Q
_
I E13
(Feminist Movement)"S:o
-(X#7>~zx&
%p
$ E14
-(S
P$&
w7x
deG
(+%
_
VU
++
'+
Page 77 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
(&>+
(%p;| =
<5
kgK E15
kgK
+7Wzx<y
+7Wwv
B
+!+"
+h+"
'zx
3+n_( E16
(7:
B #
*+*\
++
A+
++
A'+
*\)
*(
+!+*(
!
+h+*(
SNNS[
g6 E17
^
:
+7Ww7x
+
wv
+7Wzx<y
*\+
<F
/07u
Page 78 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
7Wwv
,
+
+_
7Wzx<y
-(7:
ByS[*+g6&
35 E18
35
5++5
(0
0S
E19
5G5!
+
D80
S:_B3J7W
`
3J
+
D80
`
_
`
g6+SeS
B3Jf`
5B3J'k
+
K5B_.
/
vH0
B E20
30
vB
++v
++v
++'+v
B
Page 79 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
+
+51B7u
++51B7u
48HN
NB E21
NB
+!+NB
++:+NB
48B:
1
2: E22
7Wde
deG
G6
54HGH
GH3 E23
GH3
++:
++4B
M;
78
54
G6
r
%p E9Q
r
%p E24
X
%p
Page 80 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
7Wwv
7Wzx<y
wv
K+%pzx
:
K
8;
<
+7Wwv
+7Wzx<y
%* E25
B%*
++=K%*
++%*>
++'+B%*
>B%*
++:+
?%*
++4BB
?%*
BSw7x
Swv
E@Q
B7x
v
E26
B 1857 E
19471857 E
oBSwv
oBSw7x
oBzx<y
19901947 E
<1990 E
l
Page 81 of 82
www.islamic-studies.info
!"
B7x
v
u+ E27
B
1923 E
19941923 E
1994 E
f
S
_
j
k
@
Page 82 of 82