Ciprofloxacin Resistance and

Gonorrhea Incidence Rates in

17 Cities, United States, 19912006

Member

Syarah Mutia Dewi (1313010012)

Faradilla Nur Muliana (1313010047)
Bayu Aji Wicaksana (1313010033)
Intan Nararia (1313010010)
Wahyu Syafiati (1313010013)
Rifki Ghifari Akbar (1313010021)
Nila munaya (1313010022)
Muhammad Arifin (1313010025)
Rosela Alfi Sahara (1313010040)

ABSTRACT
In this study, analyzed historical
ciprofloxacin resistance data and
gonorrhea incidence data to examine
the possible effect of antimicrobial
drug resistance on gonorrhea
incidence at the population level.

METHO
D

Cross Sectional Study historical ciprofloxacin resistance

data and gonorrhea incidence data to examine the possible
effect of antimicrobial drug resistance on gonorrhea
incidence at the population
level.
Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project (GISP)
analyze the association between ciprofloxacin resistance
and gonorrhea incidence over time at the city level.
Regression Analyses variable dependent
( incidence gonorrheae ) variable independen(was the
percentage of GISP isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin in
GISP clinic(s) located in the given city) also include
(resistensiciprofloxacin, syphilis rate, black, 15 - 29
age, robbery rate, unemployee rate, per capita income)

PARTICIPANT
CLINIC FROM 17
CITIES

272
OBSERVANT

Include Criteria

if annual ciprofloxacin resistance

prevalence data were available from that
city for 13 years during 19912006 and
if city-level gonorrhea incidencerates
during the same 16-year period were
available from gonorrhea case report
surveillance data maintained by the
Division of STD Prevention at CDC.

RESULT
S

PANEL
A

PANEL
B

STRENGTHS
PRE VALUE < 0.01
we can findings
information about
highlight the possibility of
future increases in
gonorrhea incidence
caused by emerging
cephalosporin resistance.

WEAKNESS
we were unable to
control forcity-specific
changes in gonorrhea
treatment regimens
overtime because of
lack of data.

CONCLUSION
We found a strong positive association between
ciprofloxacin resistance and gonorrhea
incidence rates at the city level during 1991
2006.
Although gonorrhea incidence rates were much
lower overall in the higher resistance cities,
gonorrhea incidence rates generally increased
in the higher resistance cities and decreased in
the lower resistance cities during 20002006.
The results can help to quantify the possible
effect of antimicrobial drug resistance on the
incidence of gonorrhea at the population level.

CRITICAL APPRAISAL