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LECTURE 6 - Treatment Structure 1 Factorial and Nested New
LECTURE 6 - Treatment Structure 1 Factorial and Nested New
Treatment structures
How the treatments are
arranged or combined in the
design structure
Recapitulation
So far our discussion on CRD, RCBD and LATIN
SQUARE have been limited to ONE treatment
factor (but with a few levels) only.
e.g. Variety: V1, V2, V3
From now on we will consider more than one
treatment factor (use TWO), each with a few
levels.
Treatment
structures
Design
structures
I. Factorial arrangement
A factorial experiment
treatments consist of
all possible
combinations of the
levels of several
factors
Useful in exploratory
work when little is
known about the
optimum levels of the
factors
Exampl
e of a
2X2
factoria
l
Factor
B
Factor A
A1
A2
A1B A2B
B1
1
1
B2
A1B A2B
2
2
Examples
Validity of Finding
Apart from being more efficient and readily providing
information on interaction effects, multifactor studies
also strengthen the validity of results.
e.g. The effects of selling price (RM 10, 20, 30) and type
of advertising campaign (Newspaper, Radio) on sales of
a product.
primary interest is effect of price on sales.
If only used newspaper advertising, doubts might exist
whether
or not the price effect differs for other
advertising campaigns. By
using other type of
advertising, management can get info on the
persistence of price effect with different promotional
campaign.
Caution
The advantages of multifactor experiment just
described should not be mistaken that the more
factors are included in a study, the better.
Experiments involving many factors with each at
numerous levels become more complex to
interpret, costly and time-consuming.
The better strategy is to begin with only a few
factors (the important ones), then extend the
study in accordance with the results obtained
thereof.
Factorial Arrangement in
CRD
To study the influence of
> time of bleeding (factor
A: morning vs afternoon)
and
> diethylstilbestrol (factor
B: with or without)
on plasma phospholipid in
lambs.
Five lambs were assigned
at random (CRD) to each of
the four treatment groups.
Experimental
Layout
A1B
1
A1B
2
A2B
1
A2B
2
A2B
1
A1B
2
A2B
1
A2B
2
A1B
1
A1B
2
A1B
1
A2B
2
A1B
2
A2B
2
A2B
1
A1B
2
A1B
1
A2B
1
A1B
1
A2B
2
Treatments randomly
assigned to 20 lambs (each
Data
A1B1
A1B2
A2B1
A2B2
8.53
17.53
39.14
32.0
20.53
21.07
26.2
23.8
12.53
20.80
31.33
28.87
14.00
17.33
45.8
25.06
10.80
20.07
40.2
29.33
66.39
96.8
182.67
139.06
484.92
Y2
963.88
1887.02
6913.63
3912.17
13676.7
13.28
19.36
36.53
27.81
24.25
Total
Yijk = + i + j + ij + eijk
i = the effect of ith factor A
j = the rffect of jth factor B
ij = the interaction of ith factor A and jth
factor B
Statistical Model
Yijk = + i + j +ij + ijk
where i= 1,,a; j=1,..,b; k=1,...,r
Computation (Basic CRD)
CF = Y2/ rab
= 4842/20
SSTO
= Y2ijk CF = 13676.7 -11757.3 =1919.3
SSTR
= Y2ij. /r CF = (66.32 + ..+139.02)/5 11757.3 =
1539.4
SSE = by difference
= 1919.3 1539.4 = 379.9
Decomposition of SSTR in factorial into its components
SSTR is made up of two components, SSTR = SSA + SSB + SSAB
SSA
= Y2i../rb CF
= (163.12 + 321.732) /10 CF =
1256.7
SSB
= Y2.j./ra CF
= (249.02 + 235.82) /10 CF =
8.7
SSAB = SSTR SSA SSB = 1539.4 -1256.7 - 8.7 = 273.9
ANOVA
Source
Treatment
Error
Total
1256.7
8.7
273.9
379.9
1919.3
1256.7 53*
8.7
<1
273.9 11.5*
23.7
More on Interaction
Model
Yijk = u + Ai + Bj + (A*B)ij + eijk
Test hypothesis
Ho: Test whether or not main effects A are
present
Ho: Test whether or not main effects B are
present
Ho: Test whether or not the two factors interact
To illustrate the meaning of the model elements,
consider a simple two-factor study on the effects
of SEX and AGE on LEARNING of a task.
SEX: male (A1) and female (A2)
Interaction present
A1
A2
A3
B1
Y11
Y21
Y31
B2
Y12
Y22
Y32
A1
A2
A3
B1
Y111
Y112
Y211
Y212
Y311
Y312
B2
Y121
Y122
Y221
Y222
Y321
Y322
DAY
1
DAY
2
DAY
3
A1
B1
A2
B1
A1
B2
A2
B1
A1
B1
A2
B2
A2
B2
A2
B2
A1
B1
A1
B2
A1
B2
A2
B1
DAY1
11
17
11
21
60
DAY2
13
10
26
55
DAY3
10
12
34
23
36
31
59
149
Basic RCBD
= + i + m + im
Construction of ANOVA
Proceed as usual
Compute
CF
SSBlock
SSTR
SSTO
SSE by difference
SSTO = SSBlock +
SSTR
+
SSE
t
=ab
CF
= 1492/12 = 1850.08
SSTO
SSBlock
ANOVA Table
Source
DF
SS
MS
Block
0.105
A
1
B
A*B
0.293
Error
Total
95.17
47.58
80.08
80.08
1
140.08
140.08
1
18.75
18.75
6
11
84.83
418.92
P*
3.37
5.66
9.91
0.055
0.020
1.33
14.14
* P values are generated by
computer
A1
A2
B1
B2
B1
B2
B3
B4
A1
A2
B3
B4
Sp2
j(i)
+ k(ij)
Worked example
Three regional schools for mechanics. The school have
two instructors each who teaches classes of 10
mechanics in a 3-week sessions. Classes are randomly
assigned to instructors in the school. This was done for 2
sessions. Y was a suitable measure of learning.
School i Instructor j
Sch1
Sch 2
Sch 3
Class k
Ins Total
Sch
Total
79
Ins 1
25
29
54
Ins 2
14
11
25
Ins 3
11
17
Ins 4
22
18
40
Ins 5
17
20
37
Ins 6
57
44
computation
Compute SSTO
= 252 + 292 + .+22 1802/12 = 766
Compute SS for factor A, SSA
= (792 + 572 + 442)/4 -1802/12 = 156.5
To determine SSB(A), consider each school separately.
Compute
Sch 1: (542 + 252)/2 - 792/4 = 210.25
Sch 2: (172 + 402)/2 - 572/4 = 132.25
Sch 3 : (372 + 72)/2 - 442/4 = 225.0
Total SSB(A)
= 567.5
SSE by subtraction
SSE= SSTO SSA SSB(A)= 42
ANOVA Table
Source
DF
School
2= (school 3-1)
78.25/189.17= 0.41
Ins(sch) 3= (2-1)(1x3)
189.17/7= 27.02
Error
2x3=6
Total
(2x6)-1=11
SS
MS
156.5
78.25
567.5
42.0
766.0
189.17
7.00
DF
SS
MS
sch 2
inst 1
sch*inst
Error
Total
156.5
108.0
2
6
11
78.25
108.0
459.5 229.75
42.0 7.00
766.0 MS=SS/DF