Confidence is generally described as a state of being certain either that a hypothesis or

prediction is correct or that a chosen course of action is the best or most effective.Self
Confidence is having confidence in oneself. Arrogance or hubris in this comparison, is
having unmerited confidencebelieving something or someone is capable or correct when
they are not. Overconfidence or presumptuousness is excessive belief in someone (or
something) succeeding, without any regard for failure. Confidence can be a self-fulfilling
prophecy as those without it may fail or not try because they lack it and those with it may
succeed because they have it rather than because of an innate ability.Self-confidence does not
necessarily imply "self-belief" or a belief in one's ability to succeed. For instance, one may be
inept at a particular sport or activity, but remain "confident" in one's demeanor, simply
because one does not place a great deal of emphasis on the outcome of the activity. When one
does not dwell on negative consequences one can be more "self-confident" because one is
worrying far less about failure or the disapproval of others following potential failure. One is
then more likely to focus on the actual situation which means that enjoyment and success in
that situation is also more probable. Belief in one's abilities to perform an activity comes
through successful experience and may add to, or consolidate, a general sense of selfconfidence.Studies have also found a link between high levels of confidence and wages.
Seemingly, those who self-report they were confident earlier in schooling earned better wages
and were promoted more quickly over the life course.

In others
People may have confidence in other people or forces beyond their control. For instance, one
might have confidence in the police to protect them, or might have confidence that a sports
team will win a game. Faith and trust are synonyms of confidence when used in this sense.

Possible explanation
It is suggested that the confidence bias can be explained by a noisy conversion of objective
evidence (observation) into subjective estimates (judgment), whereas noise is defined as the
mixing of memories during the storing (observing/learning) and retrieval process
(remembering/judgment).[2] The information-theoretic logic behind this explanation is very
similar to the mechanism that can also lead to the conservatism bias, and holds that we mix
true and false evidence during storage and retrieval of evidence to and from our memories.
The confidence bias results because as judges we "look inside our own memory" (evaluate
our confidence) and find evidence that is more extreme than when we retrieve evidence for
our judgements (which are conservative due to mixing of extreme values during retrieval).
This explanation is very simple and straightforward, but nevertheless sufficient mechanism to
generate both, overconfidence (in situations where judges are very sure) and underconfidence
(in cases when judges openly state to lack the required knowledge)
Self-confidence is one aspect of personality that is very important in human life.
Self confident people are confident about their own abilities and have realistic
expectations, even when their expectations are not realized; they stayed positive
and can take it.
Definition
Self-confidence is a mental or psychological condition of a person who gives a

strong confidence in him to do or perform any act. People who do not believe in
themselves have a negative self-concept, lack of confidence in his ability,
because it is often kept to them. Self confidence is a mental or psychological
condition, which individuals can evaluate the entirety of her strong belief in
giving him the ability to take action in achieving various goals in life.
People who have good self-confidence, they have positive feelings toward
themselves, have strong beliefs on him and had accurate knowledge of the
capabilities. People who have good self-confidence are not the only person who
feels capable of (but not really afford) but is a person who knows that he can be
caused by experience and calculation that he did.
Synonyms: aplomb, inner strength, positive self-image, self-assurance
Personality traits of people with low self-confidence
When this is linked to the practice of everyday life, people who have low selfconfidence or have lost confidence, tend to feel / be as below:
Do not have anything (desires, goals, targets) which fought energetically
Do not have a decision to step decisive
Easily frustrated or give up when faced with a problem or difficulty
Less motivated to go forward, laziness or half and half
Often fails to accomplish its tasks or responsibilities
Awkward in dealing with people
Can not demonstrate the ability to speak and the ability to listen to a
convincing
Often have unrealistic expectations
Too perfectionist
Too sensitive
Help: low self-confindence
Counselling, life coaching, and hypnotherapy are common therapies used to
help improve self-confidence.

Factors
Self-belief has been directly connected to an individual's social network, the activities they
participate in, and what they hear about themselves from others. Positive self-esteem has
been linked to factors such as psychological health, mattering to others, and both body image
and physical health. On the contrary, low self-esteem has been associated with the outcomes
of depression, health problems, and antisocial behavior. Usually, adolescents of poor health
will display low self-esteem.
During adolescence, self-esteem is affected by age, race, ethnicity, puberty, health, body
height, body weight, body image, involvement in physical activities, gender presentation,
gender identity, and awakening or discovery of sexuality. Self-confidence can vary and be
observed in a variety of dimensions. Components of one's social and academic life affect selfesteem. An individual's self-confidence can vary in different environments, such as at home
or in school.[2]

The Wheel of Wellness

The Wheel of Wellness was the first theoretical model of Wellness based in counseling
theory. It is a model based on Adler's individual psychology and cross-disciplinary research
on characteristics of healthy people who live longer and with a higher quality of life. The
Wheel of Wellness includes five life tasks that relate to each other: spirituality, self-direction,
work and leisure, friendship, and love. There are 12 subtasks of self-direction areas: sense of
worth, sense of control, realistic beliefs, emotional awareness and coping, problem solving
and creativity, sense of humor, nutrition, exercise, self-care, stress management, gender
identity, and cultural identity. There are also five second-order factors, the Creative Self,
Coping Self, Social Self, Essential Self, and Physical Self, which allow exploration of the
meaning of wellness within the total self. In order to achieve a high self-esteem, it is essential
to focus on identifying strengths, positive assets, and resources related to each component of
the Wellness model and using these strengths to cope with life challenges.[2]

Implicit vs. explicit

Implicit can be defined as something that is implied or understood though not directly
expressed. Explicit is defined as something that is fully and clearly expressed; leaving
nothing implied.[3] Implicitly measured self-esteem has been found to be weakly correlated
with explicitly measured self-esteem. This leads some critics to assume that explicit and
implicit self-confidence are two completely different types of self-esteem. Therefore, this has
drawn the conclusion that one will either have a distinct, unconscious self-esteem OR they
will consciously misrepresent how they feel about themselves. Recent studies have shown
that implicit self-esteem doesn't particularly tap into your unconscious, rather that people
consciously overreport their levels of self-esteem. Another possibility is that implicit
measurement may be assessing a different aspect of conscious self-esteem altogether.[4]
Inaccurate self-evaluation is commonly observed in healthy populations. In the extreme, large
differences between ones self-perception and ones actual behavior is a hallmark of a
number of disorders that have important implications for understanding treatment seeking
and compliance.[5]

See also

Confidence, often equivalent to self-confidence

Hubris or vanity, excessive self-confidence

Self-esteem, conceit, or favourable opinion of oneself, or self-acceptance

Self-efficacy, confidence about specific skills

References
1.

The [oxford Dictionary]. Compare The Dictionary of Psychology by yogesh

chandra . Psychology Press, 1999. ISBN 1-58391-028-X. Online via Google Book
Search.

2.

3.

Myers, Jane; Willise, John; Villalba, Jose (1 January 2011). "Promoting SelfEsteem in Adolescents: The Influence of Wellness Factors". Journal of Counseling
and Development 89: 2830. doi:10.1002/j.1556-6678.2011.tb00058.x.
"The Free Dictionary". Farlex. Farlex.

4.

Timko, Alix; England, Erica. Herbert, James. Foreman, Evan. (Fall 2010).
"The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure as a measure of Self-Esteem". The
Psychological Record 60 (4): 679. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help);

5.

Beer, J.; Lombardo M; Bhanji J. (September 2010). "Roles of Medial

Prefrontal Cortex and Orbitofrontal Cortex in Self-evaluation". Journal of Cognitive
Neuroscience 22 (9): 21082119. doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21359.

Build your self confidence

1
Identify your talents. Everyone is good at something, so discover the things at which you
excel, and then focus on your talents. Give yourself permission to take pride in them.
Inferiority is a state of mind in which you've declared yourself a victim. Do not allow
yourself to be victimized. Express yourself, whether it's through art, music, writing, or dance.
Find something you enjoy. Everyone is born with talents and strengths. You can develop and
excel in yours. Plus, adding a variety of interests to your life will not only make you more
confident, but it will increase your chances of meeting compatible friends.[1]

If it's difficult to name two or three things you have some ability in or just plain love
to do, think about things others do that you would like to do too and take some lessons
or join an enthusiasts club.

When you're following your passion, not only will it have a therapeutic effect, but
you'll feel unique and accomplished, all of which can help build your self confidence.

2
Take pride in your good qualities. Not only should you feel proud of your talents or your
skills, but you should also think about the things that make your personality great. It can be
your sense of humor, your sense of compassion, your listening skills, or your ability to cope
under stress. You may not think that there's anything about your personality worth admiring,
but if you dig deep, you'll realize that you have plenty of admirable qualities. Revel in them
and write them down. You'll be on your way to building your self-confidence.

Whenever you feel bad about one of your weaknesses, comfort yourself by thinking
about all of the positive qualities about yourself. You'll see that they far outweigh the
things you are insecure about.

3
Recognize your insecurities. What does that voice in the back of your mind say? What
makes you uncomfortable or ashamed of yourself? This could be anything from acne, to
regrets, friends at school or a past traumatic or negative experience. Whatever is making you
feel unworthy, ashamed, or inferior, identify it, give it a name, and write it down. You can
also tear these written pieces to start feeling positive on those points.

This exercise isn't meant to bring you down or to make you realize that there was
even more wrong with you than you thought. It's meant to make you aware of the
problems you're dealing with, and will put you on the path to solving them.

Talk about it with friends and loved ones. Wear it on your sleeve. Each day you should
chip away at it; wear it down. There's no quick fix. Get to the root of the problem; focus on it
and understand that you need to resolve each issue before you can move on. Check if it's an
old past emotion and if it is really still relevant or applicable in your life today. Just having
someone to talk to about your problems can make you feel more confident, even if that
person can't help you find a solution.[2]

This doesn't mean you have to get rid of whatever makes you feel bad (many times,
you simply can't). You need to learn to accept yourself, your past, your circumstances
as they are, without necessarily thinking of them as "bad".

Just having a friend offer you encouragement can help you feel capable of tackling
your insecurities. It'll be much harder to build up your self-confidence if you have to
be your own cheerleader all the time.

Adopt a more positive mindset. Avoid self-pity, or the pity and sympathy of others. Never
allow others to make you feel inferior they can only do so if you let them. If you continue
to loathe and belittle yourself, others are going to do and believe likewise. Instead, speak
positively about yourself, about your future, and about your progress. Do not be afraid to
project your strengths and qualities to others. By doing so, you reinforce those ideas in your
mind and encourage your growth in a positive direction.

The next time you catch yourself having a negative thought, counter it with at least
two positive ones. Make a habit of this until you feel the negative thoughts creeping
out of your system.

When you talk to your friends, focus on making many more positive comments than
negative ones. You don't want to develop a reputation for being a whiner, and you also
will feel more positive if you talk about more positive things.

Stop comparing yourself to others. If you want to build your self-confidence, then you have
to focus on improving your own life for the better, not on making your life more like your
best friend's, your older brother's, or like those of the celebrities you see on television. If you
want to build up your confidence, then you need to know that there will always be someone
who is prettier, smarter, and richer than you, just like there will always be someone who is
less attractive, less intelligent, and less wealthy than you are; all of this is irrelevant, and what
is relevant is caring about advancing your own goals and dreams.

You may lack confidence because you're convinced that everyone else has it better
than you do. Forget about them! At the end of the day, it only matters if you're happy
by your own standards. If you have no idea what those are, then it's time to do some
soul searching before you move forward.

Get rid of as many sources of negativity as you can. Though we can't get rid of every
possible source of negativity in our lives, we can certainly make an effort to cut down on the
negativity that plagues us. Take the time to sit down and think about all of the things that are
bringing you down, from mean friends, a career you don't much care for, or a living situation
that is almost unbearable. Though you may not be able to get rid of every negative source in
your life, you can certainly think about how to cut your losses. This will go a long way in
building your self-confidence up.[5]

If you have toxic friends who have been making you feel bad for years, it's time to cut
them loose.

If you think you lack confidence because of a large part of your life, such as a career
path that you don't really feel cut out for, then start making a plan to change the
course of your path. You may not be able to do this instantly, but starting a plan in the
right direction can make a big impact on your self-confidence.

If there are certain parts of your life that you can't really change, such as living with
parents who are always nagging you, then you need to find the best way to cope with
them. You can't let these things affect your confidence or your sense of self.