BASIC

TRANSLATION
METHODS
The Principles of
Translation Theories

WHAT IS TRANSLATION?

Concise Oxford
Translation
is defined
English
asDictionary

The language that

is used in this text
is called source
language (SL) or
bahasa pemberi
(BP) in Indonesian

The language
used in this kind
of text is named
target language
(TL) or bahasa
sasaran (BS) in
Indonesian

Translation is a process of changing the texts in

source language into target language without
changing the content in the source language.
The content meant here includes not only material
meaning and the ideas or concepts that exist in the
original content, but also all language norms such as
lexical meaning, grammatical meaning, and the like.

THE AGENTS
The sender

WHAT DOES TRANSLATION STUDY CONSIST OF?

According to Encarta Dictionary, lexis

means the entire stock words in language,
or, in short, the vocabulary of language
The tenses, structures and any other
aspects of grammar used
the specific time, place, activity and
people involved in a dialogue, which
make it unique
The circumstances or settings in which
the events in the texts occurs.

WHAT YOU NEED IN TRANSLATION

TWO TYPES OF
DICTIONARY
1. Bilingual Dictionary
A bilingual dictionary is a
dictionary that translates
words or phrases from one
language to another. The
exemplifications of bilingual
dictionary are EnglishIndonesian Dictionary and
Indonesian-English
Dictionary.

2. Monolingual Dictionary
A monolingual dictionary that
translates words or phrases in
the same language as the
language used by those words
or phrases. This kind of
dictionary aims to give more
elaborate explanation about
those words or phrases. The
exemplifications of
monolingual dictionary are
Kamus Besar Bahasa
Indonesia (KBBI). Longman
Dictionary, Webster Dictionary
and so on.

WHICH DICTIONARY THAT IS MORE USEFUL IN TRANSLATION?

The bilingual dictionary uses two languages, source language
(SL) and target language (TL), while in a monolingual
dictionary there is only one language
.
Most bilingual dictionaries only provide synonyms or
equivalent words of the source language in the target language.
Knowing a synonym might be sufficient if you happen to know
the meaning of the word in target language, but if you are not
familiar with it, then the bilingual dictionary is not very useful
for your purpose. In this case, what you need is a monolingual
dictionary because it provides definitions or explanations in
addition to equivalent words or synonyms.
However, both types of dictionary are equivalently required. In
most cases, you will need a monolingual dictionary more than a
bilingual dictionary because it provides more detailed
information, but never forget your bilingual dictionary because
you will sometimes still need it to crosscheck the meaning you
previously find in the monolingual dictionary.

EXERCISES
A. Find the meaning of these words in both your bilingual and
monolingual dictionaries

Affection
monolingual : .
bilingual
: .
Appoint
monolingual : .
bilingual
: .
Omit
monolingual : .
bilingual
: .
Deny
monolingual : .
bilingual
: .
Incarcerate
monolingual : .
bilingual
: .

Preach
monolingual : .
bilingual
: .
Grudge
monolingual : .
bilingual
: .
Hinder
monolingual : .
bilingual
: .
Possess
monolingual : .
bilingual
: .
Solitude
monolingual : .
bilingual
: .

B. Translate the definitions of explanations into Indonesian, then think

out and find deleted words, you may need both kinds of dictionary.

1. . = a cloth bag filled with soft material that you put your head on
when you are sleeping.
2. to . = to find something that was hidden or that people did not
know before.
3. . = the soft round area of flesh on each side of your face below your
eye.
4. . = thin paper with a blue or black substance on one side that you
put between sheets of paper when typing.
5. . = a small dish at the beginning of a meal.
6. . = a series of thoughts, images and feelings that you experience
when you sleep.
7. . = a mark made by the pattern of lines at the end of a persons
finger, which can be used by the police to help find criminals.
8. to . = to make an angry, unhappy, or confused expression, moving
your eyebrows together.
9. . = a substance such as coal, gas or oil that can be burned to
produce heat or energy.
10. . = to deliberately pay no attention to something that you have
been told or that you know about.