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Course Teaching
Xiaolai Liu & Qinghuai Li College of Science, University of Chemical Industry of Beijing,
Beijing 100029, China The research is supported by the Undergraduate Education Teaching
Reform Project of the University of Chemical Industry of Beijing (No. B60849). (Sponsoring
information)
Kombinasi Metode Pembelajaran Penelitian Berbasis dengan Fisika modern Percobaan
Kursus Pengajaran
Xiaolai Liu & Qinghuai Li College of Science, University of Chemical Industry of Beijing,
Beijing 100029, Cina Penelitian ini didukung oleh Sarjana Pendidikan Reformasi Pengajaran
Proyek Universitas Industri kimia Beijing (No. B60849). (Informasi Mensponsori)
Abstract
It has been the hotspot to reconstruct the education course based on the research-based
learning in the course reform in many countries in recent years. The new course standard of
China insists that the teaching is the interactive process that teachers and students
communicate and develop together. In the teaching, the relationship between imparting
knowledge and cultivating ability, and students independence and self-determination should
be emphasized, and teachers should lead students to doubt, survey, and search, and learn in
the practice, and the learning should be the active and individual process under teachers
instruction. The exploring learning is just based on cultivating students innovational spirit
and practice ability. The research-based learning is introduced in the teaching of the modern
physics experiment course, and this article mainly explores and attempts the concrete
implementation and case design.
Abstrak
Telah hotspot untuk merekonstruksi kursus pendidikan berdasarkan pembelajaran berbasis
penelitian dalam reformasi kursus di banyak negara dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Standar
program baru dari China menegaskan bahwa pengajaran adalah proses interaktif guru dan
siswa berkomunikasi dan mengembangkan bersama-sama. Dalam pengajaran, hubungan
antara menyampaikan pengetahuan dan kemampuan budidaya, dan siswa kemandirian dan
penentuan nasib sendiri harus ditekankan, dan guru harus mengarahkan siswa untuk
meragukan, survei, dan pencarian, dan belajar dalam praktek, dan belajar harus menjadi
proses aktif dan individu di bawah instruksi guru. Menjelajahi pembelajaran hanya
didasarkan pada budidaya siswa semangat dan kemampuan innovational praktek.
Pembelajaran berbasis penelitian diperkenalkan dalam pengajaran kursus percobaan fisika
modern, dan artikel ini terutama mengeksplorasi dan mencoba beton pelaksanaan dan kasus
desain.
Keywords: Research-based learning, Modern physics experiment, Teaching quality In recent
years, to adapt the social development of China and the development of higher education, the
expansion of university enrollment has cultivate more excellent talents for the society, which
has expanded the scale of higher education, and enhance the overall national quality. But the
problems which could not be neglected include that the common decrease of teaching quality,
college student quality, basic knowledge, and learning, so it is the key to enhance the teaching
quality and develop the teaching reform for the higher education of China and every college
teacher, which could cultivate students world view, strengthen students ability of analyzing
and solving problem, and cultivate students exploring spirit and innovational consciousness.
Combining with the practice of the modern physics experiment teaching, the actuality and
problems in the modern physics experiment teaching are analyzed in this article, and many
methods such as taking students as the main body, taking teachers as the main principle to
enhance the teaching quality of modern physics experiment, and using the exploring learning
to reform the modern physics experiment teaching are proposed. The basic concepts of the
quality innovation and the research-based leaning are introduced, and the discussion of the
research-based learning includes the research-based course theory (teacher teaching mode)
and the research-based learning, which mean two directions. From the research-based course
theory, the influence of the research-based physics experiment on the cultivation of college
students innovational quality will be discussed in this article. At present, the research-based
course theory is widely used, and this article wants to provide a clearer concept and
consecution of the quality innovation and the research-based learning to instruct the practice
of the teaching of innovational education. At the same time, college students should learn
more knowledge about this aspect, and prepare for establishing the innovational
consciousness and implementing the innovational practice. In this article, the first chapter
introduces some concepts about the innovational talent quality structure, discuss this special
factor of the innovational talents physiological quality, and dissertate that the college stage is
the key term to cultivate talents innovational quality. The second chapter discusses many
basic concepts and knowledge such as the essential, the background, the meaning, and
theoretical base of the research-based leaning. The third chapter introduces the connotation,
the characters, and the subject source, and analyzes and explains the relative content of the
college research-based physics experiment in one course survey report. The fourth chapter
comprehensively discusses the influence of the college research-based physics experiment on
the college students innovational quality cultivation in detail, including the influence and
function of innovational consciousness, innovational psychological quality, innovational
ability, and innovational knowledge structure. Combining with the course survey report of the
third chapter, this article also proves that the research-based physics experiment is the most
effective teaching method and learning method to cultivate students innovational quality.
Kata kunci: berbasis penelitian pembelajaran, percobaan fisika modern, kualitas Pengajaran
Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, untuk beradaptasi dengan perkembangan sosial Cina dan
pengembangan pendidikan tinggi, perluasan pendaftaran universitas memiliki
mengembangkan bakat yang lebih baik bagi masyarakat, yang telah memperluas skala
pendidikan tinggi, dan meningkatkan kualitas nasional secara keseluruhan. Namun masalah
yang tidak dapat diabaikan termasuk bahwa penurunan umum kualitas pengajaran, kualitas
mahasiswa, pengetahuan dasar, dan belajar, sehingga kunci untuk meningkatkan kualitas
pengajaran dan mengembangkan reformasi pengajaran untuk pendidikan tinggi China dan
setiap guru perguruan tinggi, yang bisa menumbuhkan 'pandangan dunia, memperkuat siswa
(1) Isi pengajaran percobaan fisika modern mengandung hubungan antara kursus fisika
perguruan tinggi dan bahan ajar di sekolah tinggi, misalnya, banyak isi seperti
momentum sudut, tubuh kaku, relativitas sempit, dan mekanika kuantum yang konten
baru, namun sebagian besar isinya telah diajarkan dalam tahap sekolah menengah,
sehingga dalam mengajar, guru harus menghindari pengulangan yang tidak perlu
dengan kisaran mengajar fisika SMA.
(2) The teaching content of the modern physics experiment should emphasize particularly
on the requirements of the mainstream specialty of the university. Physics is the base of
other natural sciences and engineering technologies, and the content of the modern
physics experiment course should emphasize particularly on the mainstream specialty of
the concrete university, and establish good base for students further learning.
(2) Isi pengajaran percobaan fisika modern harus menekankan terutama pada persyaratan
khusus mainstream universitas. Fisika adalah dasar ilmu alam lainnya dan teknologi
rekayasa, dan isi dari kursus percobaan fisika modern harus menekankan terutama pada
spesialisasi utama dari universitas beton, dan membangun dasar yang baik untuk belajar
lebih lanjut siswa.
(3) Because of limited hours, the modern physics in the college physics course should not
too occupy the proportion for some half-classic contents. For example, the Bohr atom
model is the certain examination content for some university each year, and as the
creation and development of the quantum mechanics and the deepening course that
people understand the matter structure, this model could enlighten students innovational
thinking and exploring spirit, but this knowledge only needs to be known by students.
Furthermore, the classic orbit concept should not be taught profoundly for students,
because they will feel very abstract and difficult to understand the description of particle
status by the wave function and the Schrodinger equation. The modern physics part
including the physical concept and rules in the college physics course is not necessary to
be instructed according to the course that people cognize the natural rule
(3) Karena jam tertentu, fisika modern di kursus fisika kuliah tidak terlalu menempati
proporsi untuk beberapa isi setengah-klasik. Sebagai contoh, model atom Bohr adalah isi
pemeriksaan tertentu untuk beberapa universitas setiap tahun, dan sebagai penciptaan dan
pengembangan mekanika kuantum dan kursus pendalaman bahwa orang-orang
memahami struktur materi, model ini bisa mencerahkan pemikiran innovational siswa dan
semangat menjelajahi , tetapi pengetahuan ini hanya perlu diketahui oleh siswa. Selain
itu, konsep orbit klasik tidak harus diajarkan mendalam bagi siswa, karena mereka akan
merasa sangat abstrak dan sulit untuk memahami gambaran status partikel dengan fungsi
gelombang dan persamaan Schrdinger. Bagian fisika modern termasuk konsep fisik dan
aturan dalam mata kuliah fisika perguruan tinggi tidak perlu diinstruksikan sesuai dengan
kursus yang orang disadari sepenuhnya aturan alam.
2. Optimizing the modern physics experiment teaching methods by the exploring
learning
To train students scientific thinking and cultivate students ability of analyzing and solving
problems, teachers should aim at different teaching contents, utilize students existing
knowledge, propose feasible discussion topics, lead students to think independently, and
deeply dig the contents in the teaching materials which are fit for elicitation and discussion.
First, teachers should lead students to analysis and discuss various physical quantities in
various processes. Second, teachers should require students to summarize and induce the
differential coefficient forms and the integral forms in various processes. Third, the result of
the former two steps is applied to solve responding questions. After above processes end, one
student in each group is selected to narrate the solution of the exercise in this group. The
homework of this discussion course could be the analysis and induction for students
themselves, and in next course, teachers need to emphasize and simply explain the emphases
and difficulties about the homework
2. Mengoptimalkan metode pengajaran percobaan fisika modern oleh menjelajahi
belajar
Untuk melatih 'pemikiran ilmiah dan menumbuhkan siswa siswa kemampuan menganalisis
dan memecahkan masalah, guru harus bertujuan isi pengajaran yang berbeda, memanfaatkan
pengetahuan siswa yang ada, mengusulkan topik diskusi layak, memimpin siswa untuk
berpikir secara mandiri, dan sangat menggali isi bahan ajar yang cocok untuk elisitasi dan
diskusi. Pertama, guru harus mengarahkan siswa untuk analisis dan membahas berbagai
besaran fisika dalam berbagai proses. Kedua, guru harus memerlukan siswa untuk
merangkum dan menginduksi bentuk koefisien diferensial dan bentuk integral dalam berbagai
proses. Ketiga, hasil dari dua mantan langkah diterapkan untuk memecahkan menanggapi
pertanyaan. Setelah proses di atas akhir, satu siswa di setiap kelompok dipilih untuk
menceritakan solusi latihan dalam kelompok ini. Pekerjaan rumah tentu saja diskusi ini bisa
menjadi analisis dan induksi bagi siswa itu sendiri, dan dalam proses selanjutnya, guru perlu
menekankan dan hanya menjelaskan penekanan dan kesulitan tentang pekerjaan rumah.
Sometimes, teacher should propose a proper topic to lead students to consult materials with
questions before the former modern physics experiment ends, and receive students answers
after class, that could not only promote students to listen the course and actively consult
materials, cultivate students abilities such as analysis, summarization, induction, analogy,
and association, but also lead students to cognize the balanced and symmetrical aesthetical
characters in physics, and teach students to appreciate and dig the interior rules of the science
by the aesthetical view, and gradually strengthen their independent ability of grasp the rules
of science and nature.
Kadang-kadang, guru harus mengusulkan topik yang tepat untuk memimpin siswa untuk
berkonsultasi dengan bahan pertanyaan sebelum mantan percobaan fisika modern berakhir,
dan menerima siswa jawaban setelah kelas, yang tidak hanya bisa mempromosikan siswa
untuk mendengarkan kursus dan secara aktif berkonsultasi bahan, menumbuhkan siswa
kemampuan seperti analisis, summarization, induksi, analogi, dan asosiasi, tetapi juga
mengarahkan siswa untuk disadari sepenuhnya karakter estetika seimbang dan simetris dalam
fisika, dan mengajar siswa untuk menghargai dan menggali aturan interior ilmu dengan
pelajaran lain dalam pengajaran percobaan fisika modern, dan kompensasi kerugian
dari peralatan eksperimen mengajar di beberapa kesempatan, dan menunjukkan
beberapa percobaan demonstrasi bagi siswa. Dalam ajaran percobaan fisika modern,
courseware dari CAI efektif bisa membayangkan isi berlimpah dan penuh warna fisika
perguruan tinggi, dan lebih efektif membuat siswa untuk memahami penekanan dalam
pengajaran, dan memahami kesulitan pengetahuan.
In modern physics experiment, many principles, concepts, processes, and phenomena
are abstract, and students are hard to understand, they often feel difficult and bold for
physics, and lose interests and confidence, which will largely influence the teaching
effect of college physics. The CAI courseware based on the multi-media technology
could concretize abstract problems, and randomly prolong or shorten transient process,
even randomly fix the process, and gradually decompose the complex process into
simple processes, and visually express the content which is difficult to describe by the
charts. For example, many concepts such as the wave interference, and the time delay
in the narrow relativity were difficulties for students to understand in the past, and the
CAI courseware could dynamically display these concepts by the charts for students
who could easily understand them, which could largely enhance students interests to
study physics and receive better effect. For some key points in modern physics
experiment, teachers can propose some questions first and let students to think, discuss,
and answer, and then give right answers, so the interaction between teachers and
students could form. In thus teaching process, teachers dominant function could be
fully exerted. At the same time, the efficiency will be enhanced because of the
application of the research-based learning method, and students learning enthusiasm
could be fully aroused.
Dalam percobaan yang modern fisika, banyak prinsip, konsep, proses, dan fenomena
yang abstrak, dan siswa sulit untuk memahami, mereka sering merasa sulit dan berani
untuk fisika, dan kehilangan minat dan kepercayaan diri, yang sebagian besar akan
mempengaruhi efek mengajar fisika perguruan tinggi. CAI courseware berdasarkan
teknologi multi-media bisa mengkonkretkan masalah abstrak, dan acak memperpanjang
atau memperpendek proses transien, bahkan secara acak memperbaiki proses, dan
secara bertahap menguraikan proses yang kompleks ke dalam proses yang sederhana,
dan secara visual mengungkapkan isi yang sulit untuk menggambarkan dengan grafik.
Sebagai contoh, banyak konsep seperti interferensi gelombang, dan waktu tunda dalam
relativitas sempit adalah kesulitan bagi siswa untuk memahami di masa lalu, dan
courseware CAI dinamis bisa menampilkan konsep-konsep ini dengan grafik bagi
siswa yang bisa dengan mudah memahami mereka, yang bisa sebagian besar
meningkatkan minat siswa untuk belajar fisika dan menerima efek yang lebih baik.
Untuk beberapa poin penting dalam eksperimen fisika modern, guru dapat mengajukan
beberapa pertanyaan pertama dan membiarkan siswa untuk berpikir, berdiskusi, dan
menjawab, dan kemudian memberikan jawaban yang benar, sehingga interaksi antara
guru dan siswa bisa terbentuk. Dalam demikian proses mengajar, fungsi dominan guru
bisa sepenuhnya diberikan. Pada saat yang sama, efisiensi akan ditingkatkan karena
penerapan metode pembelajaran berbasis penelitian, dan antusiasme belajar siswa dapat
sepenuhnya terangsang.
(2) In recent years, most colleges increased the investment of the demonstration
laboratory, and teachers should fully utilize the demonstration experiment to change the
depressive atmosphere of the classroom and students passive learning state, and lead
students to deeply think and analyze problems, and participate in the classroom
teaching. According to the teaching content, proper demonstration experiment could be
selected for teachers or students, and students could require students to predict the
result of the experiment, and ask students to analyze the experiment principle by the
experiment result, and further enlighten students innovational thinking, and encourage
them to design the experiment themselves.
(2) Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, sebagian besar perguruan tinggi meningkatkan
investasi laboratorium demonstrasi, dan guru harus sepenuhnya memanfaatkan
percobaan demonstrasi untuk mengubah suasana depresi dari kelas dan negara belajar
pasif siswa, dan mengarahkan siswa untuk berpikir secara mendalam dan menganalisis
masalah, dan berpartisipasi dalam pengajaran di kelas. Menurut isi pengajaran,
percobaan demonstrasi yang tepat dapat dipilih untuk guru atau siswa, dan siswa dapat
meminta siswa untuk memprediksi hasil dari percobaan, dan meminta siswa untuk
menganalisis prinsip eksperimen dengan hasil eksperimen, dan lebih mencerahkan
pemikiran innovational siswa , dan mendorong mereka untuk merancang percobaan
sendiri.
4. Influence and function of the research-based learning modern physics experiment on the
cultivation of college students innovational quality
In the background of the international teaching reform, the exploring learning of the modern
physics experiment has been the important part of the college physics course Based on large
numerous of relative literatures, the exploring learning research of modern physics is the
research combining theory and practice based on the teaching reform practice of China.
Based on the survey of teachers and students, the actuality of the exploring learning teaching
is studied. On the one hand, based on the research literatures about the teaching exploring
learning, the connotation and meaning of the teaching exploring learning are confirmed. On
the other hand, combining with the physics, the exploring learning cases of the modern
physics are analyzed and discussed, and based on that, the strategies of the teaching exploring
learning is further studied. The teaching exploring learning should exert students learning
potential according to students psychological characters and the rules of the physics research,
and embody students enthusiasm of learning, and by teachers organization and guidance,
based on the situation and approach required to solve the teaching problems, students should
fully utilize various physics method to explore the course resources, and collect and research
relative information by the practical operation experiment, the physics idea experiment, the
data statistics analysis, and the information technology experiment, and students propose
research questions and form suspects, and utilize the special case to validate the experiment,
experience the process including teaching concept, topic forming and deduction, and
experience the generation, solution, and application of physics problems, and further
understand the spirit and thinking method of the teaching research, and primarily from the
innovational consciousness of teaching, and taste the scientific value, the application value,
the human value, and the aesthetic value of the modern physics, and the meaning of teaching
exploring learning. The teaching exploring learning is the necessary road to help students
obtain concealed knowledge and perfect the personality, and it could establish the platform
for students psychological requirements and fulfill students interior satisfaction. The
teaching exploring learning is also the entrance that the school goes to the opening from the
closed state, and it could further cultivate students innovational consciousness. When
implementing the theoretical research of the teaching exploring learning, the analysis and
discussion of the teaching exploring learning lesson should be analyzed and discussed. The
start of the learning exploring learning is questions. In the exploring learning of the modern
physics experiment, the situation of discovering and proposing questions should be
established for students, and the situation should help students to propose the exploring
questions of modern physics experiment. In the process of solving questions, students
innovational thinking and scientific quality of analyzing and solving problems should be
cultivated.
4. Pengaruh dan fungsi-penelitian pembelajaran berbasis fisika percobaan modern pada
budidaya kualitas innovational mahasiswa
jalan yang diperlukan untuk membantu siswa memperoleh pengetahuan tersembunyi dan
menyempurnakan kepribadian, dan itu bisa membangun platform untuk siswa persyaratan
psikologis dan memenuhi siswa kepuasan interior. Ajaran menjelajahi belajar juga
merupakan pintu masuk yang sekolah pergi ke pembukaan dari keadaan tertutup, dan lebih
lanjut dapat menumbuhkan kesadaran innovational siswa. Ketika melaksanakan penelitian
teoritis dari ajaran menjelajahi pembelajaran, analisis dan pembahasan ajaran menjelajahi
pelajaran belajar harus dianalisis dan didiskusikan. Awal pembelajaran menjelajahi belajar
pertanyaan. Dalam pembelajaran menjelajahi percobaan fisika modern, situasi menemukan
dan mengusulkan pertanyaan harus ditetapkan bagi siswa, dan situasi harus membantu siswa
untuk mengusulkan pertanyaan menjelajahi percobaan fisika modern. Dalam proses
pemecahan pertanyaan, siswa berpikir innovational dan kualitas ilmiah menganalisis dan
memecahkan masalah harus diusahakan.
Based on above researches, in various parts including the teaching content, method, and
measures, students should be the main body in the teaching of the modern physics
experiment, and teachers should exert the dominant function. But how teachers exert the
dominant function? In recent years, the college physics teaching is always advocated to avoid
the exam-oriented education and emphasize the cultivation of students knowledge, ability,
and quality. But it is hard to achieve, and one cause which should not be neglected is that
most teachers were cultivated in the mode of the exam-oriented education, and except for
individuals, most teachers are confused for concrete measures of the ability cultivation and
quality education. On the one hand, domestic and foreign advanced experiences should be
used for references, and teachers should seriously think that how to realize this cultivation
target, how to exert their dominant function, how to stimulate students learning enthusiasm,
and how to lead students to study independently. On the other hand, the teaching materials
should be studied seriously, and the part about the ability cultivation and the quality
cultivation should be fully dug, and teachers should continually improve the teaching method
and measures to enhance the teaching quality of the modern physics experiment and further
develop the teaching reform.
Berdasarkan penelitian di atas, di berbagai bagian termasuk isi pengajaran, metode, dan
langkah-langkah, siswa harus menjadi bagian utama dalam pengajaran percobaan fisika
modern, dan guru harus mengerahkan fungsi dominan. Tapi bagaimana guru mengerahkan
fungsi dominan? Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, pengajaran fisika perguruan tinggi selalu
menganjurkan untuk menghindari pendidikan ujian yang berorientasi dan menekankan
budidaya siswa pengetahuan, kemampuan, dan kualitas. Tetapi sulit untuk mencapai, dan
salah satu penyebab yang tidak boleh diabaikan adalah bahwa sebagian besar guru
dibudidayakan dalam modus pendidikan ujian yang berorientasi, dan kecuali untuk individu,
sebagian besar guru bingung untuk langkah-langkah konkret dari budidaya kemampuan dan
kualitas pendidikan . Di satu sisi, pengalaman maju dalam dan luar negeri harus digunakan
untuk referensi, dan guru harus serius berpikir bahwa bagaimana merealisasikan target
budidaya ini, bagaimana mengerahkan fungsi dominan mereka, bagaimana untuk merangsang
semangat belajar siswa, dan bagaimana memimpin siswa untuk belajar secara mandiri. Di sisi
lain, bahan ajar harus dipelajari secara serius, dan bagian tentang budidaya kemampuan dan
budidaya kualitas harus sepenuhnya digali secara, dan guru harus terus meningkatkan metode
pengajaran dan langkah-langkah untuk meningkatkan kualitas pengajaran percobaan fisika
modern dan mengembangkan reformasi mengajar.
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