Understanding Microorganisms

Subject 9

SARS
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 Zoonosis

There are many zoonoses

Animal-Transmitted Diseases

Zoonosis
An animal disease
Transmissible to humans
crosses Host species barrier
s

There are many zoonoses

Zoonosis
Zoonosis
Impossible to control
completely
Transmitted via
Aerosols
(Coughing, sneezing)
Direct contacts
Bites

There are many zoonoses

Worldwide Death

 SARS?

What is SARS ?

SARS
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

What is SARS ?

Symptoms
Incubation period
2~7 days
maximum 10 days
Initial symptoms
38 High fever
Headache, Sore throat,
Muscle pain
After the incubation period
Cough or
Respiratory problems

What is SARS ?

Suspected SARS Case

1. 38 high fever
2. Cough or Respiratory proble
ms
3. One of three below cases
Contacted with suspected
patient
Traveled to SARS-infected
area (airport transfer)
Lived in SARS-infected are
a
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What is SARS ?

Probable SARS Case

A suspected SARS case

+
Pneumonia or
Respiratory syndrome
or

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What is SARS ?

Outbreak of SARS
Guangdong province (China)
November 2002
Pneumonia

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Kochs Postulates

Kochs Postulates

1.Presence

2.Pure culture

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Kochs Postulates

Kochs Postulates

3.The same
disease

4.Re-isolation

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What is SARS ?

The Olympics of Microbiology

1. German team
Paramyxo virus
2. Chinese team
Chlamydia
3. Hongkong team
maybe bird flu
We found coronavirus!
4. Dutch team
coronavirus is the pathogen !
Monkey experiment
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 Coronavirus

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Animal RNA virus

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SARS virus is a New Coronavirus

Coronavirus
Corona = Crown
Club-shaped glycoprotein spikes
Severe Pneumonia in
pig, chicken, dog, mouse
15% of common colds in huma
n
Coronaviruses
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SARS virus is a New Coronavirus

Coronavirus

Diameter of coronavirus particle is 60 nm.

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SARS virus is a New Coronavirus

Coronavirus

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SARS virus is a New Coronavirus

Rhinovirus

Major cause of Cold!

2/3 of Human Cold!

Rhinovirus
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SARS virus is a New Coronavirus

SARS virus in Host Cells

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SARS virus is a New Coronavirus

Genome Decoding
RNA genome of SARS virus
30,000 bp
1/100,000 of human genome

Institute of British Columbia

Cancer Research (Canada)
Centers for Disease Control a
nd prevention (CDC)

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SARS virus is a New Coronavirus

Phylogenetic Tree of SARS Virus

Position of SARS virus

shows a new species not
a mutation.

SARS virus

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 Animal Host of SARS Virus

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Civet Cat is a Host of SARS virus

A New Virus Appears

1.Recently known
(Rhinovirus)
2.Recently transmitted fro
m animal
(SARS virus)

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Civet Cat is a Host of SARS virus

Exotic Food Animals

8 Edible Exotic Food

Animals
Civet Cats
30% of patientss job

A slaughter house in Guangdong

province
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Civet Cat is a Host of SARS virus

Bat
Origin of SARS virus
Bat Civet cats
Humans
fruit contaminated by
bats.
400 kinds of bats are
distributed in China
Bat
Most of them infected
with SARS virus
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 Transmission of SARS

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Patient Zero & Superspreader

Transmission of SARS
Very contagious
Spread
1.Person-to-person
(sneezing, coughing)
2.Contact with
contaminated fomites
(bed linens, eating
utensil)
3.Feces

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Patient Zero & Superspreader

Patient Zero
Professor Ryu in Hong Kong metropole ho
tel.
16 guests at 9th floor
Vietnam, Canada, Hong Kong, and Singap
ore.

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Patient Zero & Superspreader

Superspreader
A Carrier
release many viruses out of hi
s body
No symptom
at Hotels, Hospitals, Apartme
nts

Superman(?) to spread
viruses

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Patient Zero & Superspreader

Superspreader
Amoy garden apartment in Hong Ko
ng
A 33-year-old man
Diarrhea to sewage
300 residents infected

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Patient Zero & Superspreader

Superspreader
Beijing Outbreak
27-year-old woman
Transferred to the Beijing hospital
Only in 3 days, 2,500 people was infecte
d and 175 people died.
Recovered completely

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Patient Zero & Superspreader

Worldwide SARS
(cases)

Reference WHO

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35

 : WHO

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 Rabies

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Rhabdovirus causes Rabies

Rabies
Zoonosis
Viral disease
Encephalitis
Warm-blooded animal
Raccoons, skunks, coyotes,
foxes, & bats

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Rhabdovirus causes Rabies

Bullet-shaped Rhabdovirus
Animal RNA virus

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Rhabdovirus causes Rabies

Rabies Cases
Rabies Cases in Wild and Domestic Animals in the
U.S.

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Rhabdovirus causes Rabies

Vaccination for Pets

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Rhabdovirus causes Rabies

Biting

Virus-contaminated saliva
Wound from a bite
Mucous membranes
Rhabdovirus travels to the
central nervous system.

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Rhabdovirus causes Rabies

Travel to Brain
A rhabdovirus infects
cells in the central
nervous system
The rabies virus travels to
the brain.
Death once clinical
symptoms have
developed
Once reaches, the
infection is effectively
untreatable and fatal
within days.
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Rhabdovirus causes Rabies

Incubation Time
Depends
host
size, location &
depth of wound
number of viral
particles
In dog, 10-14 days
In humans, 9 months

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Rhabdovirus causes Rabies

Symptoms
Fever
Excitation
Dilation of the pupils
Excessive salivation
Anxiety
Fear of swallowing
Coma
Death by respiratory paralysis
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Vaccination & Treatment of Rabies

Prophylactic Care
Rabies : vaccinepreventable
55,000 death/year
in developing countries
(Asia, Africa)
Prophylactic care
start after exposure
prevent development of
disease
14 million people
worldwide

The French microbiologist Louis Pasteur

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20,000 individuals (US)

Vaccination & Treatment of Rabies

Guidelines for Treatment

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Vaccination & Treatment of Rabies

Guidelines for Treatment

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Thank you ! ^^
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