@ Let us remember : (5) Parallel Lines “Measure of the] Measure of the] Measure of | ‘complementary | supplementary | angles of a vertically angle angle linear pair | opy 15° 105° 105° 1° 2. 80° 100° 3 60° 120° 4. 729 18° 5, 15° 15° Fill in the blanks after studying the following figure Ay (1) mZAOC = 70° (2) mZCOB = (3) mZBOD = B (4) Measure of the complementary angle of mZAOD is = (5) Measure of the supplementary angle of complementary angle of mZCOB = @ Let us learn new = Parallel lines and their characteristic properties : w ‘Two opposite edges of the table STD.7LS CS Paral Lines) | | | | oO Pp B Two opposite sides of a blackboard Two opposite sides of a book Two opposite sides of a scale What kind of distance is there between the opposite sides in all the above figures ? © Activity 1: ® Take 1 meter long string. A B ® Join the two ends and make a loop. c D ® — With the help of two pencils, keep the string stretched up. ® Measure the distance between the two straight lines with the help of scale. Questions : (1) Do AB and CD intersect each other ? (2) Think and say that does a straight line form the sides of a scale ? (3) Is the distance between both the lines same ? (4) Measure the distance between the two lines, with the help of a scale. (5) By extending both lines, will it intersect at any one place ? Study the figures given here and answer the questions based on them : * whe ‘a @) (MATHEMATIC: STD.7(3) (4) In figure (1), (2) and (3), draw the figure by extending lines / and m and name the point of intersection. By extending lines / and m in figure (4), will they intersect each other ? Why ? In figure (4) line / and line m are parellel, Symbolically, it is written as / || m and read as line / is parallel to line m. Activity 2. Find out the examples of such things found in our day to day life having opposite sides parallel and write their names : (1)... (2)... . (3). (4)... (5). . (6). The distance between parallel lines should be found out with the help of set squares : Activity 3 : Take one page from a notebook. Measure the distance between the opposite sides with the help of a scale. Note down the distance everytime. Is the distance same everytime ? Think the opposite sides of the page are parallel or not ? Activity 4: ® — Draw two lines which includes the two sides of a scale. ® Name them as / and m. ® Take a point A on line m.® Put the set square on point A and draw a perpendicular line segment. ® = Write point X, where it intersects line /. ® In the similar way, take another point B on line m and draw a perpendicular line-segment using a set square. © — Write point y where it intersects line /. ® Measure AX and BY with the help of a scale. AX BY Transversal of two lines : (5) (6) Study figures (5), (6) and (7), given above and answer the questions given below : (1) In figure (5), at which point does line / intersect the other two lines ? (2) In figure (6), at which points, does line / intersect the other two lines ? ( (3) In which figure, the point of intersection is same for all the three lines ? ... ( (4) For figure (7), give the answers to the details of the following table. Lt mand n C and AIn figure (6) and (7) line 7 intersects line n and line m in two different points. Therefore, line / is called the transversal of line m and line n. While in figure (5) line / is not the transversal of line m and line n. In figure (7) each line is the transversal of the other two lines. © Angles formed by a transversal : ® Activity 5 : Take three straws. Arrange three straws with the help of pins as shown in figure (6). Now, think about the angles formed by them. Think about the point of intersection. Give them names. Lb ‘tudy the figure (8) given here and answer the questions given below : fu ) In all, how many lines are there ? ......... ) Which line is transversal of other lines and at which points does it intersect other lines ? ., 1 2) (3) Inall, how many angles are formed ? Name them ... (4) How many angles are formed in the interior 4 Qo of AB and CD ? Name them ..... (5) How many angles are formed at the exterior, of AB and &B ? Name them ... ® Types of angles formed by a transversal Look and understand them : 5 6 i 8 Z1, 22, 23 and 24 45, £6, Z7 and Z8 are interior angles are exterior angles ) (10)Interior angles of the two lines (fig. (9))1 Exterior angles of the two lines (fig. (10)) ® A pair of alternate angles : In figure (11), 23 and Z6 are a pair of alternate angles. In the same way 24 and Z5 are a pair of altemate angles. Thus, we have two pairs of alternate angles. ZAPQ and Z PQD and Z., 23 and 26 24 and 25 There are two pairs of alternate angl ® Corresponding angles : In figure (12),Z1 and 25 22 and £6 23 and Z7 * Z4 and Z8 are pairs of corresponding angles. Y (2) Thus, we have four pairs of corresponding angles. Pair of Co ZXPA_ and Z PQCIn the adjoining figure (13) ZA4 and 26 Z3 and Z5 are the interior angles on the same side of the transversal. a) Thus, there are two pairs of interior angles on the same side of the transversal. (13) Z4 and 26 ZBPQ and ZPQY 23 and 25 Looe and Z. ® Taking the help of your teacher prepare a Power-Point presentation and observe alternate angles, corresponding angles and angles on the same side of the transversal. === 1, In the figures given below, write which lines form a pair of parallel lines and write them in the form of symbols : (1) @) » A B tt (4) he ; L eg (3)2. In the figure given below, write w! two lines : (1) i (2) m 4, L ' n Answer the following questions, from the figure given below : (1) Which line is the transversal of other two lines ? (2) Inall, how many angles are formed ? (3) How many pairs of alternate angles are formed ? Which are they ? (4) How many pairs of corresponding angles are formed ? Which are they ? (5) How many pairs of interior angles on any one side of the transversal are formed ? Which are they ? Relation between angles formed by a transversal of parallel lines : g. ge 2 ® = XY is the transversal of AB and CD. ® Measure all the angles with the help of a protractor. © -—— Name Name of the pair of angles| Measure of the gles fe Pair of alternate angles Pair of corresponding angles Interior angles on the same side of transversal _MATHEMATIConclusion : (1) The measure of angles of the pair of alternate angles are .. (2) The measure of angles of the pair of corresponding angles are .. (3) The sum of the measure of both angles in every pair of interior angles on the same side of the transversal 18 woes « point P and Q respectively. If mZAPC = 105°, find the measure of the remaining angles. Solution : mZAPC = 105°". mZXQP = 105° (corresponding angles) mZXQP = 105°. mZBPQ = 105° (alternate angles) mZBPQ = 105°. mZYQD = 105° (corresponding angles) Now, mZBPQ + mZYQP = 180° (linear pair as they are interior angles on the same side of the transversal) 105° + mZYQP = 180° mZYQP = 180° — 105° mZYQP = 75° mZYQP = 75°. mZAPQ = 75° (alternate angles) mZAPQ = 75° °. mZXQD = 75° (corresponding angles) mZYQP = 75° 2. mZBPC = 75° (corresponding, angles)Constructing a line parallel to a given line through a point outside the line : oP 1. Using a scale, draw a line / in your notebook. 2. Take a point P outside the line /. —__—_! 3. With the help of set-square, draw a perpendicular from P outside the B line J, which intersect the line / at point M. ) 4. With the help of a set-square, draw M > a perpendicular line m to PM from <> a point P of PM. P 5. It will be / || m. Construction of parallel lines with the help of set squares and ruler is given in teachers book. 4) == Fill in the blanks with the help of adjoining figure : (1) The transversal of &D | & is (2) ZCPX and ZEQP are pair of (3) ZDPQ and Z.. (4) Z.. on the same side of the transversal. £8 | S& and &D is the transversal, if ZPGC = 65°, find the measure of the remaining angles. .. are the angles of alternate angle. . and ZPQF are the pair of interior angles 2 Qo In the given figure, AB || CD. The transversal . ge . 2 £8 intersects AB at point X and CD at Y respectively. If ZXYC = 85°, find the measure of the remaining angles.Fill in the blanks : (1) Line t, and f, are parallel lines. We write in symbol as (2) Inall (3) ( ( angles are formed by a transversal of two lines. . pairs of alternate angles are formed by the transversal of two lines. 4) 5) The sum of the measure of both angles in every pair of interior angles on . pairs of corresponding angles are formed by the transversal of two lines. the same side of the transversal is . 1 m In the figure given here, state which of the line is the transversal of other two lines : JK || MN. AB is the transversal. AB intersects JK in point O and MN in point B. Draw figure and write all the pairs of alternate angles, corresponding angles and interior angles on the same side of the transversal. XY || MN. PQ is the transversal. PQ intersects XY at point A and MN at point B. If ZNBP = 55°, find the measure of the remaining angles. Draw a figure in which AB || CD. XY is a transversal. XY intersects AB at point P and ED at point Q If ZXPA = 120°, find the measure of ZPQD and ZBPQ. For the parallel lines and their transversal if the measure of one of the angles of the corresponding pair is 110°, then find the measures of all the alternate pairs of angles. Answers >" Practice 1 (1) BB @ No 3) No (4) KB (1) Line J, is a transversal of J, and 1).(2) @) Line + is a transversal of lines m and n (ii) Line n is a transversal of lines ¢ and m (fi) Line m is a transversal of lines ¢ and 7 (1) 80 is a transversal of AB and €D. (2) Eight; ZAXP, ZPXB, ZAXY, ZBXY, ZXYC, ZXYD, ZCYQ, ZDYQ (3) Two, (i) ZAXY and ZXYD (ii) ZBXY and ZXYC (4) Four, (i) ZAXY and ZCYQ (ii) ZCYX and ZAXP (iii) ZBXY and ZDYQ (iv) ZDYX and ZBXP (5) Two, (i) ZAXY and ZX¥C (i) ZBXY and ZXYD Practice 2 (1) X¥ (2) Corresponding angles. (3) ZEQP (4) ZDPQ ZCGR = 115°, ZPGK = 115°, ZRGK = 65°, ZGKY = 115° ZXKG = 65°, ZXKD = 115°, ZYKD = 65° ZAXP = 85°, ZAXY = 95°, ZXYD = 95°, ZQYD = 85° ZPXB = 95°, ZBXY = 85°, ZCYQ = 95° Exercise (1) 4 It) (2) eight = (3) two (4) four (5) 180° Pair of corresponding angles :, ZAOJ and ZOPM; ZJOP and ZMPB ZAOK and ZOPN; ZKOP and ZNPB Pair of alternate angles :_ ZJOP and ZOPN; ZKOP and ZOPM Interior angles on the same side of the transversal : ZJOP and ZOPM ; ZKOP and ZOPN mZPAY = 55° mZPAX = 125° mZXAB = 55°. mZYAB = 125° mZABM = 125° mZMBQ = 55° mZNBQ = 125° mZPQD = 60° mZBPQ = 120° Oe