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Lampiran D
Lampiran D
Pompa Utilitas
Kode
: PU-01
Fungsi
Jenis
: Centrifugal pump
Jumlah
: 1 unit
Bahan kontruksi
: Commercial Steel
Kondisi operasi
Temperatur
= 29,5 oC
= 4452,6683kg/jam
= 2,7267 lbm/s
Densitas air
= 995,82 kg/m3
= 62,1686 lbm/ft3
Viskositas air
= 0,8095 cP
= 14,696 psia
= 2.116,2822 lbf/ft2
= 14,696 psia
= 2.116,2822 lbf/ft2
(Wallas, 1988) =
: 2 in
Schedule number
: 40
: 2,375 in = 0,1979 ft
: 0,0233 ft2
0,0438 ft 3 /s
Q
2
Kecepatan linier: v = A = 0,0233 ft
= 21,8824 ft/s
vD
(Geankoplis, 2003)
(Geankoplis, 2003)
Friction loss:
1 Sharp edge entrance:
hc = 0,55
A2 v 2
A1 2
0,5 5(1 0)
=
1,8824 2
2(1)(32,174) = 0,0302 ft.lbf/lbm
1 elbow 90 :
v2
1,8824 2
hf = n.Kf. 2.g c = 1 (0,75) 2(32,174) = 0,0413 ft.lbf/lbm
1 check valve:
1,8824 2
v2
hf = n.Kf. 2.g c = 1(2) 2(32,174) = 0,1101 ft.lbf/lbm
Pipa lurus 20 ft:
L.v 2
20.(1,8824) 2
Ff = 4f D.2.g c = 4(0,006) 0,1722 .2. 32,174 = 0,1535 ft.lbf/lbm
1 Sharp edge exit:
A
1 1
A2
hex =
v2
2. .g c
1 0 2
1,8824 2
21 32,174 = 0,0550 ft.lbf/lbm
P P1
2
1
2
v 2 v1 g z 2 z1 2
F Ws 0
2
(Geankoplis,
2003)
dimana : v1 = v2
P1 = P2
Z = 20 ft
maka:
0
32,174ft/s 2
32,174ft.l bm/lbf.s
20 ft 0 0,4138 ft.lbf/lbm
Ws 0
Ws = 20,3902 ft.lbf/lbm
Efisiensi pompa, = 80 %
Ws
= - Wp
20,3902
= - 0,8 Wp
Wp
= 25,4878 ft.lbf/lbm
Daya pompa :
P
= m Wp
1 hp
2.
Screening
Kode
: SC
Fungsi
Jenis
: bar screen
Jumlah
: 1
= 29,5C
- Densitas air ()
= 4452,6683 kg/jam
= 2,7267 lbm/detik
2,7267 lbm/det
3
= 62,1686 lbm/ft = 0,0438 ft3/s = 0,0012 m3/s
= 2m
Lebar screen
= 2m
20x + 20 (x + 1)
40x
= 2000
= 1980
= 49,5 50 buah
(0,0012) 2
2000
20
Gambar LD-1: Sketsa sebagian bar screen, satuan mm (dilihat dari atas)
3. Water Reservoir
Kode
: WR
Fungsi
Jumlah
:1
Jenis
Data :
Kondisi operasi :
Temperatur
= 29,5 oC
Densitas air
F 2,7267 lb m /detik
62,1686 lb m /ft 3
= 0,0438 ft3/s
= 4,32 m3/jam
Waktu penampungan air
= 3 hari
Volume air
= 4,32 x 3 x 12 = 155,52 m3
155,52
178,8475 m 3
= 0,9
= 178,8475 m3
= pxlxt
178,8475 m3 = 1,5 l x l x l
l = 5,6341 m
Jadi, panjang bak
= 8,4512 m
Lebar bak
= 5,6341 m
Tinggi bak
= 4,865 m
4.
: PU-02
Fungsi
: memompa
air
dari
bak
penampungan
ke
bak
pengendapan
Jenis
: Centrifugal pump
Jumlah
: 1 unit
Bahan kontruksi
: Commercial Steel
Kondisi operasi
Temperatur
= 29,5 oC
= 4452,6683kg/jam
= 2,7267 lbm/s
Densitas air
= 995,82 kg/m3
= 62,1686 lbm/ft3
Viskositas air
= 0,8095 cP
= 14,696 psia
= 2.116,2822 lbf/ft2
= 14,696 psia
= 2.116,2822 lbf/ft2
(Wallas, 1988) =
: 2 in
Schedule number
: 40
: 2,375 in = 0,1979 ft
: 0,0233 ft2
0,0438 ft 3 /s
Q
2
Kecepatan linier: v = A = 0,0233 ft
= 21,8824 ft/s
Bilangan Reynold : NRe
vD
= 37057,0320
Untuk pipa commercial steel, harga = 4,6 x 10-5
(Geankoplis, 2003)
(Geankoplis, 2003)
Friction loss:
1 Sharp edge entrance:
hc = 0,55
A2 v 2
A1 2
0,5 5(1 0)
=
1,8824 2
2(1)(32,174) = 0,0302 ft.lbf/lbm
1 elbow 90 :
v2
1,8824 2
hf = n.Kf. 2.g c = 1 (0,75) 2(32,174) = 0,0413 ft.lbf/lbm
1 check valve:
1,8824 2
v2
hf = n.Kf. 2.g c = 1(2) 2(32,174) = 0,1101 ft.lbf/lbm
Pipa lurus 20 ft:
L.v 2
20.(1,8824) 2
Ff = 4f D.2.g c = 4(0,006) 0,1722 .2. 32,174 = 0,1535 ft.lbf/lbm
1 Sharp edge exit:
2
A
1 1
A2
hex =
v2
2. .g c
1 0 2
1,8824 2
21 32,174 = 0,0550 ft.lbf/lbm
P P1
2
1
2
v 2 v1 g z 2 z1 2
F Ws 0
2
2003)
dimana : v1 = v2
P1 = P2
(Geankoplis,
Z = 20 ft
maka:
0
32,174ft/s 2
32,174ft.l bm/lbf.s
20 ft 0 0,4138 ft.lbf/lbm
Ws 0
Ws = 20,3902 ft.lbf/lbm
Efisiensi pompa, = 80 %
Ws
= - Wp
20,3902
= - 0,8 Wp
Wp
= 25,4878 ft.lbf/lbm
Daya pompa :
P
= m Wp
1 hp
Bak Sedimentasi
Kode
: BS
Fungsi
Jumlah
:1
Jenis
Data :
: temperatur = 29,5 oC
Kondisi penyimpanan
tekanan
= 1 atm
: F = 4452,6683 kg/jam
= 2,7267 lbm/detik
Densitas air
: = 995,83 kg/m3
= 62,1686 lbm/ft3
F
2,7267 lbm/s
62,1686 lbm/ft
Desain Perancangan :
Bak dibuat dua persegi panjang untuk desain efektif (Kawamura, 1991).
Perhitungan ukuran tiap bak :
Kecepatan pengendapan 1,57 ft/min pasir adalah (Kawamura, 1991) :
0 = 1,57 ft/min
Desain diperkirakan menggunakan spesifikasi :
Kedalaman tangki 10 ft
Lebar tangki 2 ft
v
Kecepatan aliran
Q 2,6316 ft 3 /mnt
0,1315 ft/mnt
At
10 ft x 2 ft
Long = K
(Kawamura, 1991)
Va
Q
2 x 2 x 10 ft 3
2,6316 ft 3 min = 12,0510 menit
(Kawamura, 1991).
Q
laju alir volumetrik
A
luas permukaan masukan air
Surface loading :
2,6316 ft3/min (7,481 gal/ft3)
= 6,2078 gpm/ft2
== 4,9218 gpm/ft2
2 ft x 2 ft
Desain diterima, dimana surface loading diizinkan diantara 4 10 gpm/ft2
(Kawamura, 1991).
Headloss (h); bak menggunakan gate valve, full open (16 in) :
= K v2
2g
= 1,5 [0,1315 ft/min. (1min/60s) . (1m/3,2808ft) ]2
2 (9,8 m/s2)
= 3,4195.10-8 m dari air.
6.
Pompa Sedimentasi
Kode
: PU-03
Fungsi
Jenis
: Centrifugal pump
Jumlah
: 1 unit
Bahan kontruksi
: Commercial Steel
Kondisi operasi
Temperatur
= 29,5 oC
= 4452,6683kg/jam
= 2,7267 lbm/s
Densitas air
= 995,82 kg/m3
= 62,1686 lbm/ft3
Viskositas air
= 0,8095 cP
= 14,696 psia
= 2.116,2822 lbf/ft2
= 14,696 psia
= 2.116,2822 lbf/ft2
(Wallas, 1988) =
: 2 in
Schedule number
: 40
: 2,375 in = 0,1979 ft
: 0,0233 ft2
0,0438 ft 3 /s
Q
2
Kecepatan linier: v = A = 0,0233 ft
= 21,8824 ft/s
vD
(Geankoplis, 2003)
(Geankoplis, 2003)
Friction loss:
1 Sharp edge entrance:
hc = 0,55
A2 v 2
A1 2
0,5 5(1 0)
=
1,8824 2
2(1)(32,174) = 0,0302 ft.lbf/lbm
1 elbow 90 :
1,8824 2
v2
hf = n.Kf. 2.g c = 1 (0,75) 2(32,174) = 0,0413 x 2 = 0,0826 ft.lbf/lbm
1 check valve:
v2
1,8824 2
hf = n.Kf. 2.g c = 1(2) 2(32,174) = 0,1101 ft.lbf/lbm
Pipa lurus 20 ft:
L.v 2
20.(1,8824) 2
Ff = 4f D.2.g c = 4(0,006) 0,1722 .2. 32,174 = 0,1535 ft.lbf/lbm
1 Sharp edge exit:
A
1 1
A2
hex =
v2
2. .g c
1 0 2
1,8824 2
21 32,174 = 0,0550 ft.lbf/lbm
P P1
2
1
2
v 2 v1 g z 2 z1 2
F Ws 0
2
(Geankoplis,
2003)
dimana : v1 = v2
P1 = P2
Z = 20 ft
maka:
32,174ft/s 2
0
32,174ft.l bm/lbf.s
20 ft 0 0,4138 ft.lbf/lbm
Ws 0
Ws = 20,3902 ft.lbf/lbm
Efisiensi pompa, = 80 %
Ws
= - Wp
20,3902
= - 0,8 Wp
Wp
= 25,4878 ft.lbf/lbm
Daya pompa :
P
= m Wp
1 hp
Bentuk
: 1
Data:
Kondisi pelarutan: Temperatur = 28C
Tekanan
Al2(SO4)3 yang digunakan
= 1 atm
= 50 ppm
= 0,2226 kg/jam
(Perry, 1999)
Faktor keamanan
Perhitungan:
Ukuran Tangki
Volume larutan,
Vl
= 0,1960 m3
Volume tangki, Vt = 1,2 0,1960 m3
= 0,2352 m3
Direncanakan perbandingan diameter dengan tinggi silinder tangki, D : H = 2 : 3
1
D 2 H
4
1
3
0,2352 m 3 D 2 D
4
2
3
0,2352 m 3 D 3
8
V
Maka:
D = 0,5846 m ; H = 0,8768 m
= 0,7307 m = 2,3973 ft
Maka, Pdesign
PD
2SE 1,2P
(116,6396 kPa) (0,3696 m)
Faktor korosi
= 1/8 in
Daya Pengaduk
Jenis pengaduk
Jumlah baffle
: 4 buah
E/Da = 1
; E = 0, 1322 m
L/Da =
; L = x 0,1232 m = 0,0308 m
W/Da = 1/5
J/Dt = 1/12
dengan :
Dt = diameter tangki
Da = diameter impeller
E = tinggi turbin dari dasar tangki
L = panjang blade pada turbin
W = lebar blade pada turbin
J
= lebar baffle
Bilangan Reynold,
N Re
N Da 2
N Re
(Geankoplis, 1997)
8761,7874
K .n 3 .D a
P T
gc
(McCabe,1999)
KT = 6,3
(McCabe,1999)
= 80
3,8157 x 10 5
0,8
=
= 3,8157 x 10-5 hp
: PU-05
Fungsi
Jenis
: pompa injeksi
: 1
Kondisi operasi:
-
Temperatur
= 28C
(Geankoplis, 1997)
(Kirk & Othmer, 1991)
Q
Laju alir volume,
F 1,3634 x 10 - 4 lb m /s
1,6023 x10 -6 ft 3 /s
3
85,0889 lb m /ft
= 3,9 (Q)0,45()0,13
(Timmerhaus,1991)
-6 3
= 3,9 ( 1,6023 x10 ft /s )0,45 (85,0898 lbm/ft3)0,13
= 0,0246 in
Dari Appendiks A.5 Geankoplis,1997, dipilih pipa commercial steel :
Ukuran nominal
: 1/8 in
Schedule number
: 40
: 0,2690 in = 0,0224 ft
: 0,4050 in
: 0,0004 ft2
= 0,0338 ft
1,6023 x10 -6 ft 3 /s
0,0004 ft 2
Kecepatan linear, v = Q/A =
= 0,0040 ft/s
v D
=
(85,0889 lbm / ft 3 )(0,0040 ft / s)(0,0224 ft)
6,72.10 - 4 lbm/ft.s
=
= 11,3700
Aliran adalah laminar, maka dari Pers.2.10-7, Geankoplis, 1997, diperoleh
f =16 /NRe = 16/11,3700= 1,4072
Friction loss :
= hc
= 0,5
=0,5
A2
A1
1 0
v2
0,0040 2
21 32,174 =1,37715.10-07ft. lbf/lbm
2 elbow 90
= hf
v2
= n.Kf. 2.g c
0,0040 2
= 2(0,75) 2(32,174)
1 check valve
= hf
v2
= n.Kf. 2.g c
0,0004 2
= 1(2,0) 2(32,174)
Pipa lurus 20 ft
= Ff
= 4,9874.10-07ft. lbf/lbm
L.v 2
= 4f D.2.g c
20. 0,0004 2
=4(1,4072) 0,0224.2. 32,174 =1,2524 x 10-3 ft. lbf/lbm
2
A
1 1
A2
=
v2
2. .g c
0,0004 2
1 0
21 32,174
=
Total friction loss : F
P P1
2
1
2
v 2 v1 g z 2 z1 2
F Ws 0
2
(Geankoplis,1997)
dimana : v1 = v2
P1 P2
Z = 20 ft
0
maka
32,174 ft / s 2
20 ft 0 1,2538 x 10 -3 ft.lbf / lbm Ws 0
2
32,174 ft.lbm / lbf .s
Ws
= -20,0013 ft.lbf/lbm
Effisiensi pompa , = 80 %
Ws
= - x Wp
-20,0013
Wp
= -0,8 x Wp
= 25,0016 ft.lbf/lbm
Daya pompa : P = m x Wp
1 hp
= 0,00014lbm / s 25,0016 ft.lbf / lbm x 550 ft.lbf / s
-6 3
= 6,1976 x10 ft /s hp
: TP-02
Fungsi
Bentuk
: 1
Data:
Kondisi pelarutan :
Temperatur
= 28C
Tekanan
= 1 atm
= 27 ppm
= 0,1202 kg/jam
Densitas Na2CO3 30
Kebutuhan perancangan
= 30 hari
Faktor keamanan
= 20
Volume larutan,
Vl
= 0,0275 m3
Volume tangki, Vt
= 1,2 0,0275 m3
= 0,0330 m3
Direncanakan perbandingan diameter dengan tinggi silinder tangki,
D:H=2:3
1
D 2 H
4
1
3
0,0330 m 3 D 2 D
4
2
3
0,0330 m 3 D 3
8
V
Joint efficiency
= 0,8
Allowable stress
(Brownel& Young,1959)
: 4 buah
E/Da = 1
; E = 0,0093 m
L/Da =
; L = x 0,0093 m = 0,00023 m
W/Da = 1/5
J/Dt
= 1/12 ; J
dengan :
Dt
= diameter tangki
Da
= diameter impeller
J = lebar baffle
Kecepatan pengadukan, N = 1 putaran/det
Viskositas Na2CO3 30 = 3,6910-4 lbm/ftdetik
1991)
Bilangan Reynold,
N Re
N Da 2
N Re
(Geankoplis, 1997)
0,0845
K T .n 3 .D a
gc
( McCabe,1999)
KT = 6,3
(McCabe,1999)
6,3.(1 put/det) 3 .(0,066 x 0,0093ft) 5 (82,845 lbm/ft 3 )
32,174 lbm.ft/lbf .det 2
1hp
1,409 x 10 -7 ft.lbf/det x
550 ft.lbf/det
-18
2,5696 x 10 hp
PU-04
Fungsi
Jenis
: Pompa injeksi
Bahan konstruksi
: Commercial steel
Jumlah
: 1
Kondisi operasi
: P = 1 atm
T = 28oC
Densitas soda abu () = 1327 kg/m3 = 82,8423 lbm/ft3(Kirk & Othmer, 1991)
Viskositas
= 2,4797.10-7 lbm/ft.s
1,8592 x 10 -5 lbm / s
3
Laju alir volumetrik (Q) = 82,8423 lbm / ft
= 2,2442 x 10-7 ft3/s
Desain pompa :
Asumsi : aliran laminar
Di,opt
= 3,9 (Q)0,36()0,18
(Timmerhaus,1991)
: 1/8 in
Schedule number
: 40
: 0,2690 in = 0,0224 ft
: 0,4050 in = 0,0338 ft
: 0,0004 ft2
2,4797 x 10 -7 ft 3 / s
0,00055 ft 2
Kecepatan linear, v = Q/A =
= 4,5085 x 10-4 ft/s
v D
=
(82,8423 lbm / ft 3 )( 4,5085 x 10 -4 ft / s )(0,0224 ft )
2,4797.10 -7 lbm/ft.s
=
= 3373,9409
hc
= 0,5
A2 v 2
A1 2
(Geankoplis,1997)
= 0,5
(4,5085 x 10 -4 ) 2
21 32,174
= 1,5794 x 10-9 ft.lbf/lbm
1 0
3 elbow 90
v2
= n.Kf. 2.g c
hf
(4,5085 x 10 -4 ) 2
2(32,174)
= 3(0,75)
1 check valve
v2
= n.Kf. 2.g c
hf
(4,5085 x 10 -4 ) 2
2(32,174)
= 1(2,0)
Pipa lurus 25 ft
L.v 2
= 4f D.2.g c
Ff
25. (4,5085 x 10 -4 ) 2
=4(0,01) 0,0224.2. 32,174
=1,4102x10-7 ft.lbf/lbm
hex
A
1 1
A2
=
v2
2. .g c
(4,5085 x 10 -4 ) 2
1 0
21 32,174
=
= 3,1589 x 10-9 ft.lbf/lbm
Total friction loss : F = 1,5349 x 10-7 ft.lbf/lbm
Dari persamaan Bernoulli :
P P1
2
1
2
v 2 v1 g z 2 z1 2
F Ws 0
2
dimana : v1 = v2
P1 P2
Z = 30 ft
(Geankoplis,1997)
maka :
0
32,174 ft / s 2
30 ft 0 1,5349 x 10 -7 ft.lbf / lbm Ws 0
2
32,174 ft.lbm / lbf .s
Ws
= -30 ft.lbf/lbm
Effisiensi pompa ,
Ws
-30
Wp
= 80 %
= - x Wp
= - 0,8 x Wp
= 37,5 ft.lbf/lbm
Daya pompa : P = m x Wp
1 hp
-5
= 1,8592 x 10 lbm / s 37,5 ft.lbf / lbm x 550 ft.lbf / s
= 1,2676 x 10-6 hp
Maka dipilih pompa dengan daya motor 1/4 hp.
11. Clarifier (CL)
Fungsi
Tipe
Bentuk
: Circular desain
Jumlah
: 1 unit
= 4452,6683 kg/jam
= 0,2226 kg/jam
= 0,1202 kg/jam
= 4453,0111 kg/jam
Densitas Al2(SO4)3
= 2710 kg/m3
(Perry, 1999)
Densitas Na2CO3
= 2533 kg/m3
(Perry, 1999)
Densitas air
= 996,24 kg/m3
(Perry, 1999)
Reaksi koagulasi:
Al2(SO4)3 + 3 Na2CO3 + 3 H2O 2 Al(OH)3 + 3 Na2SO4 + 3CO2
Perhitungan:
Dari Metcalf & Eddy, 1984,diperoleh :
Untuk clarifier tipe upflow (radial):
Kedalaman air = 3-10 m
Settling time = 1-3 jam
Dipilih : kedalaman air (H) = 3 m, waktu pengendapan = 1 jam
Diameter dan Tinggi clarifier
Densitas larutan,
996,24
2710 2533
3,14 3
D = H
1/2
1,3776 m
= 1,5 D = 2,0664 m
Faktor korosi
= 1/8 in
Desain torka yang diperlukan untuk operasi kontinu yang diperlukan untuk
pemutaran (turnable drive) :
T, ft-lb = 0,25 D2 LF
(Azad, 1976)
Faktor beban (Load Factor) : 30 lb/ft arm (untuk reaksi koagulasi sedimentasi )
Sehingga :
Daya Clarifier
P = 0,006 D2
dimana:
(Ulrich, 1984)
Sehingga,
P = 0,006 (1,3776)2 = 11,3867 x 10-3 kW = 0,0153 Hp
12.
Pompa Utilitas
Kode
: PU-06
Fungsi
Jenis
: Centrifugal pump
Jumlah
: 1 unit
Bahan kontruksi
: Commercial Steel
Kondisi operasi
Temperatur
= 29,5 oC
Densitas air
= 995,82 kg/m3
= 62,1686 lbm/ft3
Viskositas air
= 0,8095 cP
= 14,696 psia
= 2.116,2822 lbf/ft2
= 14,696 psia
= 2.116,2822 lbf/ft2
(Wallas, 1988) =
: 2 in
Schedule number
: 40
: 2,375 in = 0,1979 ft
: 0,0233 ft2
3
Q 0,0439 ft /s
2
Kecepatan linier: v = A = 0,0233 ft
= 1,8824 ft/s
vD
(Geankoplis, 2003)
(Geankoplis, 2003)
Friction loss:
1 Sharp edge entrance:
hc = 0,55
A2 v 2
A1 2
0,5 5(1 0)
=
1,8824 2
2(1)(32,174) = 0,0303 ft.lbf/lbm
1 elbow 90 :
1,8824 2
v2
hf = n.Kf. 2.g c = 3 (0,75) 2(32,174) = 0,1239 ft.lbf/lbm
1 check valve:
v2
1,8824 2
hf = n.Kf. 2.g c = 1(2) 2(32,174) = 0,1101 ft.lbf/lbm
Pipa lurus 20 ft:
L.v 2
20.(1,8824) 2
Ff = 4f D.2.g c = 4(0,006) 0,1722 .2. 32,174 = 0,1535 ft.lbf/lbm
1 Sharp edge exit:
2
A
1 1
A2
hex =
v2
2. .g c
1 0 2
1,8824 2
21 32,174 = 0,0551 ft.lbf/lbm
P P1
2
1
2
v 2 v1 g z 2 z1 2
F Ws 0
2
2003)
dimana : v1 = v2
P1 = P2
Z = 20 ft
maka:
0
32,174ft/s 2
32,174ft.l bm/lbf.s
20 ft 0 0,4729
ft.lbf/lbm Ws 0
Ws = 20,4729 ft.lbf/lbm
Efisiensi pompa, = 80 %
Ws
= - Wp
20,4729
= - 0,8 Wp
Wp
= 25,5911 ft.lbf/lbm
Daya pompa :
P
= m Wp
1 hp
(Geankoplis,
Bentuk
: 1
Data
= 1 atm
= 4452,6683 kg/jam
Densitas air
(Geankoplis, 1997)
Volume air
Va
= 1,1174 m3
.Di 2 Hs
4
Volume silinder tangki (Vs) =
Di = 0,3463 m;
H = 15,9956 m
Joint efficiency
= 0,8
Allowable stress
Faktor korosi
= 1/8 in
Pompa Utilitas
Kode
: PU-07
Fungsi
Jenis
: Centrifugal pump
Jumlah
: 1 unit
Bahan kontruksi
: Commercial Steel
Kondisi operasi
Temperatur
= 29,5 oC
Densitas air
= 995,82 kg/m3
= 62,1686 lbm/ft3
Viskositas air
= 0,8095 cP
= 14,696 psia
= 2.116,2822 lbf/ft2
= 14,696 psia
= 2.116,2822 lbf/ft2
(Wallas, 1988) =
: 2 in
Schedule number
: 40
: 2,375 in = 0,1979 ft
: 0,0233 ft2
3
Q 0,0439 ft /s
2
Kecepatan linier: v = A = 0,0233 ft
= 1,8824 ft/s
vD
(Geankoplis, 2003)
(Geankoplis, 2003)
Friction loss:
1 Sharp edge entrance:
hc = 0,55
1 elbow 90 :
A2 v 2
A1 2
0,5 5(1 0)
=
1,8824 2
2(1)(32,174) = 0,0482 ft.lbf/lbm
v2
1,8824 2
hf = n.Kf. 2.g c = 4(0,75) 2(32,174) = 0,1652 ft.lbf/lbm
1 check valve:
1,8824 2
v2
hf = n.Kf. 2.g c = 1(2) 2(32,174) = 0,1101 ft.lbf/lbm
Pipa lurus 20 ft:
L.v 2
20.(1,8824) 2
Ff = 4f D.2.g c = 4(0,006) 0,1722 .2. 32,174 = 0,1535 ft.lbf/lbm
1 Sharp edge exit:
2
A
1 1
A2
hex =
v2
2. .g c
1 0 2
1,8824 2
21 32,174 = 0,5142 ft.lbf/lbm
P P1
2
1
2
v 2 v1 g z 2 z1 2
F Ws 0
2
2003)
dimana : v1 = v2
P1 = P2
Z = 20 ft
maka:
32,174ft/s 2
0
32,174ft.l bm/lbf.s
20 ft 0 0,5142
Ws = 20,5142 ft.lbf/lbm
Efisiensi pompa, = 80 %
Ws
= - Wp
20,5142
= - 0,8 Wp
Wp
= 25,6427 ft.lbf/lbm
Daya pompa :
P
= m Wp
ft.lbf/lbm Ws 0
(Geankoplis,
1 hp
Bentuk
Bahan konstruksi
Kondisi penyimpanan
Jumlah
Kondisi operasi :
Temperatur
= 28oC
= 4452,6683 kg/jam
Densitas air
= 2,7268 lbm/s
(Geankoplis, 1997)
Volume air,
Va
D = 2,3950 m ;
H = 3,5926 m
(13,4084 )(3,5926 )
(16,1765)
=
= 2,9778 m = 9,7699 ft
= 29072,7140 Pa
= 29,0727 kPa
Tekanan operasi, Po = 1 atm
= 101,325 kPa
Joint efficiency
= 0,8
Allowable stress
PD
2SE 1,2P
: PU-10
: memompa air dari Tangki Utilitas 01 ke cation exchanger
Jenis
: pompa sentrifugal
Jumlah
: 1
= 3327,0963 kg/jam
= 2,0375 lbm/s
Densitas air ()
= 995,82 kg/m3
= 62,1686 lbm/ft3
Viskositas air ()
= 0,8095cP
= 0,0005 lbm/ft.s
2,0375 lbm / s
3
Laju alir volumetrik (Q) = 62,1686 lbm / ft = 0,0328 ft3/s
Desain pompa :
Di,opt
(Timmerhaus,1991)
: 2 in
Schedule number
: 40
: 2,0670 in = 0,1722 ft
: 2,3750 in = 0,1979 ft
: 0,0233 ft2
0,0328 ft 3 /s
2
Kecepatan linear, v = Q/A = 0,0233 ft = 1,4077 ft/s
v D
=
(62,1686 lbm/ft 3 )(1,4077 ft/s)(0,17 22 ft)
0,0005 lbm/ft.s
=
= 30.140,0758
(Geankoplis,1997)
Friction loss :
= hc = 0,55
A2
A1
v2
= 0,55
1 0
1,4077 2
21 32,174
v2
= hf = n.Kf. 2.g c
3 elbow 90
1,4077 2
= 3(0,75) 2(32,174)
v2
= hf = n.Kf. 2.g c
1 check valve
1,4077 2
= 1(2,0) 2(32,174)
L.v 2
= Ff = 4f D.2.g c
Pipa lurus 20 ft
= 4(0,007)
20.1,4077 2
0,1979.2. 32,174 = 0,0871 ft.lbf/lbm
= hex
A
1 1
A2
=
1 0
v2
2. .g c
1,4077 2
21 32,174
P P1
2
1
2
v 2 v1 g z 2 z1 2
F Ws 0
2
(Geankoplis,1997)
dimana : v1 = v2
Z = 20 ft
Maka
32,174ft/s 2
32,174ft.l bm/lbf.s
20 ft
2
32,174ft/s 2
32,174ft.l bm/lbf.s
0,1862 ft.lbf/lbm Ws 0
Ws
= -54,2272 ft.lbf/lbm
Effisiensi pompa , = 80 %
Ws
= - x Wp
-54,2272 = -0,8 x Wp
Wp
= 67,7840 ft.lbf/lbm
Daya pompa : P = m x Wp
1 hp
= 2,0375 lbm/s 67,7840 ft.lbf/lbm x 550 ft.lbf / s
= 0,25 Hp
Maka dipilih pompa dengan daya motor 1/4 hp yang bekerja selama 1 menit
17. Tangki Pelarutan Asam Sulfat H2SO4 (TP-03)
Fungsi
Bentuk
Densitas H2SO4
Kebutuhan perancangan
= 30 hari
Faktor keamanan
= 20
(Perry, 1999)
Ukuran Tangki
= 5,1959 x 10-2 m3
= 6,2351 x 10-2 m3
1
D 2 H
4
1
4
6,2351 x 10 - 2 m 3 D 2 D
4
3
1
6,2351 x 10 - 2 m 3 D 3
3
V
Maka:
D = 0,39 m ; H = 0,52 m
= 0,4333 m = 1,4216 ft
Tebal Dinding Tangki
Tekanan hidrostatik
P = x g x l
hid
PD
2SE 1,2P
(111,1249) (0,34 m)
2(112039,85 kPa)(0,8) 1,2(111,1249 kPa)
53,0691
179115,6601
2,1092 10 4 m 8,3039 x 10 -3 in
Faktor korosi
= 1/8 in
-3
Maka tebal shell yang dibutuhkan = 8,3039 x 10 in + 1/8 in = 0,1333 in
Daya Pengaduk
Jenis pengaduk
Jumlah baffle
: 4 buah
E/Da = 1
; E = 0,1133 m
L/Da =
; L = x 0,1133 m = 0,0283 m
W/Da = 1/5
J/Dt = 1/12
Bilangan Reynold,
N Re
N Re
N Da
66,29 1 (0,1133) 2
0,012
(Geankoplis, 1997)
70,9131
N p .n 3 .D a
gc
(Geankoplis, 1997)
Jenis
: pompa injeksi
Temperatur
= 28C
Densitas H2SO4()
Viskositas H2SO4 () = 0,012 lbm/ftdetik = 1,786.10-2 Pa.s (Kirk & Othmer, 1991)
Q
Laju alir volume,
(Geankoplis, 1997)
F 5,6304 x 10 -5 lb m /detik
8,4936 10 7 ft 3 /s
3
66,29 lb m /ft
Desain pompa :
Di,opt
(Timmerhaus,1991)
: 1/8 in
Schedule number
: 40
: 0,2690 in = 0,0224 ft
: 0,4050 in = 0,0338 ft
: 0,0004 ft2
8,4936 10 7 ft 3 /s
0,0004 ft 2
Kecepatan linear, v = Q/A =
= 2,1234 x 10-3 ft/s
v D
=
(66,29 lbm/ft 3 )(2,1234 x 10 -3 ft/s)(0,02 24ft)
0,012 lbm/ft.s
=
= hc = 0,55
A2
A1
v2
(2,1234 x 10 -3 ) 2
1 0
21 32,174 = 3,8538.10-8 ft. lbf/lbm
= 0,55
v2
= hf = n.Kf. 2.g c
2 elbow 90
(2,1234 x 10 -3 ) 2
2(32,174)
= 2(0,75)
1 check valve
v2
= hf = n.Kf. 2.g c
(2,1234 x 10 -3 ) 2
2(32,174)
= 1(2,0)
Pipa lurus 20 ft
= 0,1401.10-8ft. lbf/lbm
L.v 2
= Ff = 4f D.2.g c
20. (2,1234 x 10 -3 ) 2
=4(608.943,863) 0,0224 .2. 32,174
=0,000001524 10- 8 ft.lbf/lbm
= hex
A
1 1
A2
=
v2
2. .g c
-3 2
1 0 (2,1234 x 10 )
21 32,174
=
P P1
2
1
2
v 2 v1 g z 2 z1 2
F Ws 0
2
dimana : v1 = v2
(Geankoplis,1997)
Z = 20 ft
Maka
32,174 ft/s 2
20 ft (4.232,56 - 2.116,28223 ) lbf/ft
2
32,174 ft.lbm/lbf .s
66,29 lbm/ft
= - x Wp
-51,9246 = -0,8 x Wp
Wp
Daya pompa : P = m x Wp
1 hp
= 5,6304 x 10 lbm/detik 64,9058 ft.lbf / lbm x 550 ft.lbf / s
-5
= 6,6445 x 10-5 hp
Maka dipilih pompa dengan daya motor 1/8 hp yang bekerja selama 1 menit
19. Cation Exchanger (CE)
Fungsi
Bentuk
Bahan konstruksi
Jenis resin
= 1 atm
Data :
Laju massa air
Densitas air
= 20
(Geankoplis,1997)
F/
3327,0963 kg/jam
3
= 996,68 kg/m
= 3,3415 m3/jam
= 882,7324 gal/jam
Kesadahan air = 0,7654 g/gal 882,7324 gal/jam
= 0,6756 kg/jam
= 16,2157 kg/hari
Ukuran Cation Exchanger
Jumlah air yang diolah = 882,7324 gal/jam = 14,7122 gal/menit
Dari The Nalco Water Handbook Hal 315, diperoleh:
-
= 2 ft = 0,61 m
= 4,91 ft2
= 1 unit
1 1
0,61 0,1525 ft
Tinggi tutup = 2 2
= 0,8
1,4255 x 10 - 4 m 0,0056 in
Faktor korosi
= 1/8 in
Jenis
: pompa sentrifugal
Jumlah
: 1
Temperatur
= 29,5 C
= 0,0005 lbm/ftjam
(Geankoplis, 1997)
(Geankoplis, 1997)
2,0375 lbm / s
3
Laju alir volumetrik (v) = 62,1686 lbm / ft
= 0,0328 ft3/s
Desain pompa :
Di,opt
= 3,9 (v)0,45()0,13
(Timmerhaus,1991)
: 2 in
Schedule number
: 40
: 2,469 in = 0,2058 ft
: 2,875 in = 0,2395 ft
: 0,0332 ft2
0,0328 ft 3 /s
2
Kecepatan linear, v = v/A = 0,0332 ft = 0,9879 ft/s
v D
(Geankoplis,1997)
Friction loss :
A2 v 2
A1 2
= 0,55
1 0
0,9879 2
21 32,174
= 0,0083
ft.lbf/lbm
0,9879 2
v2
2 elbow 90 = hf = n.Kf. 2.g c = 2(0,75) 2(32,174)
= 0,0228 ft.lbf/lbm
0,9879 2
v2
1 check valve = hf = n.Kf. 2.g c = 1(2,0) 2(32,174)
= 0,0303 ft.lbf/lbm
L.v 2
Pipa lurus 20 ft = Ff = 4f D.2.g c
= 4(0,0058)
20. 0,9879 2
0,2058.2. 32,174
A
1 1
A2
=
1 0
= 0,0342 ft.lbf/lbm
v2
2. .g c
0,9879 2
21 32,174
= 0,0152 ft.lbf/lbm
P P1
2
1
2
v 2 v1 g z 2 z1 2
F Ws 0
2
dimana : v1 = v2
P1 = P2
Z = 20 ft
Maka
32,174ft/s 2
0
32,174ft.l bm/lbf.s
20 ft 0,1108 ft.lbf/lbm
Ws = -20,1108 ft.lbf/lbm
Effisiensi pompa , = 80 %
Ws
= - x Wp
-20,1108 = -0,8 x Wp
Wp
= 25,1385 ft.lbf/lbm
Ws 0
(Geankoplis,1997)
Daya pompa : P = m x Wp
1 hp
= 2,0375 25,1385 ft.lbf / lbm x 550 ft.lbf / s
= 0,0931 hp
Maka digunakan pompa dengan daya 1/8 hp yang bekerja selama 1 jam.
21. Tangki Pelarutan NaOH (TP-04)
Fungsi
Bentuk
:1
Data :
Laju alir massa NaOH
Waktu regenerasi
= 12 jam
(Perry, 1999)
Volume larutan
Volume tangki
Di 2 Hs
4
=
= 0,2976 m3
Di 3
Vs = 4
Di 3
0,3571 m3 = 4
Di = 0,7691 m
Hs = Di = 0,7691 m
Tinggi cairan dalam tangki
(0,2976 m 3 )(0,7691 m)
0,3571 m 3
=
= 0,6409 m
Faktor korosi
= 1/8 in
Daya Pengaduk
Jenis pengaduk
Jumlah baffle
: 4 buah
E/Da = 1
; E = 0,2564 m
L/Da =
; L = x 0,2564 m = 0,0641 m
W/Da = 1/5
J/Dt = 1/12
dengan :
Dt = diameter tangki
Da = diameter impeller
E = tinggi turbin dari dasar tangki
L = panjang blade pada turbin
W = lebar blade pada turbin
J
= lebar baffle
Bilangan Reynold,
N Re
N Re
N Da
94,7662 1 0,2564 2
4,302 10 4
(Geankoplis, 1997)
14420,6772
: PU-08
Fungsi
Jenis
: pompa injeksi
: 1
Kondisi operasi
- Temperatur
= 30C
(Perry, 1999)
1991)
- Laju alir massa
0,000066 lb m /detik
6,9.10 7 ft 3 /s
3
94,7662 lb m /ft
Desain pompa :
Di,opt = 3,9 (v)0,45()0,13
(Timmerhaus,1991)
: 1/8 in
Schedule number
: 40
: 0,2690 in = 0,0224 ft
: 0,4050 in
: 0,0004 ft2
= 0,0338 ft
0,00000069 ft 3 / s
0,0004 ft 2
Kecepatan linear, v = v/A =
= 0,0017 ft/s
Bilangan Reynold : NRe
v D
(Geankoplis,1997)
Friction loss :
=0,55
1 0
A2 v 2
A1 2
0,0017 2
21 32,174
= 2,4702.10-8 ft.lbf/lbm
0,0017 2
v2
2 elbow 90 = hf = n.Kf. 2.g c = 2(0,75) 2(32,174)
= 6,7368.10-8 ft.lbf/lbm
0,0017 2
v2
1 check valve = hf = n.Kf. 2.g c = 1(2,0) 2(32,174)
= 8,9824.10-8 ft.lbf/lbm
L.v 2
Pipa lurus 30 ft = Ff = 4f D.2.g c
30. 0,0017 2
= 4(1,9074) 0,0224.2. 32,174
1 Sharp edge exit = hex
A
1 1
A2
=
1 0
= 0,0005.10-8 ft.lbf/lbm
v2
2. .g c
0,0017 2
21 32,174
= 4,4912.10-8 ft.lbf/lbm
P P1
2
1
2
v 2 v1 g z 2 z1 2
F Ws 0
2
dimana : v1 = v2
(Geankoplis,1997)
Z = 30 ft
0
maka :
32,174 ft / s 2
30 ft (4.232,5644 - 2.116,28223 ) lbf/ft
2
32,174 ft.lbm / lbf .s
94,7662 lbm/ft
= - x Wp
-22,3316
= -0,8 x Wp
Wp
= 27,9144 ft.lbf/lbm
Daya pompa : P = m x Wp
1 hp
= 0,000066 lbm / s 27,9144 ft.lbf / lbm x 550 ft.lbf / s
= 3,3497 hp x 10-6
Maka dipilh pompa dengan daya 1/8 hp yang bekerja selama 1 menit.
23. Penukar Anion (anion exchanger) (AE)
Kode
: AE
Fungsi
Bentuk
: Lewatit MP 600 WS
Jumlah
:1
Kondisi operasi
: Temperatur = 29,50C
Tekanan
= 1 atm
= 3327,0963 kg/jam
Densitas air
= 995,82 kg/m3
= 20
(Geankoplis, 1997)
= 2 ft = 0,6096 m
= 4,91 ft2
= 1,2 2,5 ft
= 3 ft = 0,9144 m
1 1
H s 0,25 x 0,6096 0,1524 m
Tinggi tutup = 2 2
Faktor korosi
= 1/8 in
24.
Pompa Utilitas
Kode
: PU-13
Fungsi
Jenis
: Centrifugal pump
Jumlah
: 1 unit
Bahan kontruksi
: Commercial Steel
Kondisi operasi
Temperatur
= 29,5 oC
= 192,5230 kg/jam
= 0,1179 lbm/s
Densitas air
= 995,82 kg/m3
= 62,1686 lbm/ft3
Viskositas air
= 0,8095 cP
= 14,696 psia
= 2.116,2822 lbf/ft2
= 14,696 psia
= 2.116,2822 lbf/ft2
3 (0,0019)0,45 (62,1686)0,13
(Wallas, 1988) =
= 0,3975 in = 0,0331 ft
Dari Tabel A.5-1 Geankoplis (2003), dipilih pipa dengan spesifikasi:
Ukuran nominal
: 1/2 in
Schedule number
: 40
: 0,84 in = 0,0699 ft
: 0,0021 ft2
3
Q 0,0019 ft /s
2
Kecepatan linier: v = A = 0,0021 ft
= 0,8988 ft/s
vD
(Geankoplis, 2003)
(Geankoplis, 2003)
Friction loss:
1 Sharp edge entrance:
hc = 0,55
A2 v 2
A1 2
0,5 5(1 0)
=
0,8988 2
2(1)(32,174) = 0,0069 ft.lbf/lbm
1 elbow 90 :
0,8988 2
v2
hf = n.Kf. 2.g c = 3 (0,75) 2(32,174) = 0,0282 ft.lbf/lbm
1 check valve:
0,8988 2
v2
hf = n.Kf. 2.g c = 1(2) 2(32,174) = 0,0251 ft.lbf/lbm
Pipa lurus 20 ft:
L.v 2
20.(0,8988) 2
Ff = 4f D.2.g c = 4(0,007) 0,1722 .2. 32,174 = 0,3390 ft.lbf/lbm
A
1 1
A2
hex =
v2
2. .g c
1 0 2
0,8988 2
21 32,174 = 0,0126 ft.lbf/lbm
P P1
2
1
2
v 2 v1 g z 2 z1 2
F Ws 0
2
2003)
dimana : v1 = v2
P1 = P2
Z = 20 ft
maka:
0
32,174ft/s 2
32,174ft.l bm/lbf.s
20 ft 0 0,4119
ft.lbf/lbm Ws 0
Ws = 20,4119 ft.lbf/lbm
Efisiensi pompa, = 80 %
Ws
= - Wp
20,4119
= - 0,8 Wp
Wp
= 25,5149 ft.lbf/lbm
Daya pompa :
P
= m Wp
1 hp
Pompa Utilitas
Kode
: PU-16
(Geankoplis,
Fungsi
Jenis
: Centrifugal pump
Jumlah
: 1 unit
Bahan kontruksi
: Commercial Steel
Kondisi operasi
Temperatur
= 29,5 oC
Densitas air
= 995,82 kg/m3
= 62,1686 lbm/ft3
Viskositas air
= 0,8095 cP
= 14,696 psia
= 2.116,2822 lbf/ft2
= 14,696 psia
= 2.116,2822 lbf/ft2
(Wallas, 1988) =
: 1 1/2 in
Schedule number
: 40
: 1,900 in = 0,1583 ft
: 0,01414 ft2
3
Q 0,0309 ft /s
2
Kecepatan linier: v = A = 0,01414 ft = 2,1837 ft/s
vD
(Geankoplis, 2003)
(Geankoplis, 2003)
Friction loss:
1 Sharp edge entrance:
hc = 0,55
A2 v 2
A1 2
0,55(1 0)
=
2,1837 2
2(1)(32,174) = 0,0408 ft.lbf/lbm
1 elbow 90 :
2,1837 2
v2
hf = n.Kf. 2.g c = 1 (0,75) 2(32,174) = 0,0556 ft.lbf/lbm
1 check valve:
2,1837 2
v2
hf = n.Kf. 2.g c = 1(2) 2(32,174) = 0,1482 ft.lbf/lbm
Pipa lurus 50 ft:
L.v 2
50.(2,1837) 2
Ff = 4f D.2.g c = 4(0,0065) 0,1342.2. 32,174 = 0,3137 ft.lbf/lbm
1 Sharp edge exit:
2
A
1 1
A2
hex =
v2
2. .g c
1 0 2
2,1837 2
21 32,174 = 0,0741 ft.lbf/lbm
P P1
2
1
2
v 2 v1 g z 2 z1 2
F Ws 0
2
2003)
dimana : v1 = v2
P1 = P2
Z = 20 ft
maka:
(Geankoplis,
32,174ft/s 2
32,174ft.l bm/lbf.s
20 ft 0 1,1108
ft.lbf/lbm Ws 0
Ws = 20,7620 ft.lbf/lbm
Efisiensi pompa, = 80 %
Ws
= - Wp
21,1108
= - 0,8 Wp
Wp
= 26,3884 ft.lbf/lbm
Daya pompa :
P
= m Wp
1 hp
: DE
Fungsi
Bentuk
:1
Kondisi penyaringan
: Temperatur = 90 oC
Tekanan
Kebutuhan Perancangan :
12 jam
Faktor keamanan
= 20
(Geankoplis,2003)
Volume air,
Va
1
D 2 H
4
1
3
m 3 D 2 D
4
2
3
m 3 D 3
8
V
2,8719
2,8719
2,3932
x 2,0191
2,8719
=
= 1,6825 m
1
x 1,3460 m 0,3365 m
= 4
= 5%
Tutup terbuat dari bahan yang sama dengan dinding tangki dan ditetapkan
tebal tutup 3/8 in.
d. Kebutuhan daya koil pemanas
Untuk menaikkan temperatur air dalam deaerator digunakan koil pemanas
listrik, dimana panas yang diperlukan :
Kapasitas panas air pada : T = 363,15 K = 4,219 kJ/kg. K
H air =
m Cp dT
Pompa Utilitas
Kode
: PU-17
Fungsi
Jenis
: Centrifugal pump
Jumlah
: 1 unit
Bahan kontruksi
: Commercial Steel
Kondisi operasi
Temperatur
= 90 oC
= 192,5230 kg/jam
= 0,1179 lbm/s
Densitas air
= 995,82 kg/m3
= 62,1686 lbm/ft3
Viskositas air
= 0,8095 cP
= 14,696 psia
= 2.116,2822 lbf/ft2
= 14,696 psia
= 2.116,2822 lbf/ft2
(Wallas, 1988) =
= 0,4014 in = 0,0335 ft
Dari Tabel A.5-1 Geankoplis (2003), dipilih pipa dengan spesifikasi:
Ukuran nominal
: 1/2 in
Schedule number
: 40
: 0,81 in = 0,0699 ft
: 0,0021 ft2
3
Q 0,0019 ft /s
2
Kecepatan linier: v = A = 0,0021 ft = 0,9271 ft/s
vD
(Geankoplis, 2003)
(Geankoplis, 2003)
Friction loss:
1 Sharp edge entrance:
hc = 0,55
A2 v 2
A1 2
0,55(1 0)
=
0,92712
2(1)(32,174) = 0,0073 ft.lbf/lbm
1 elbow 90 :
0,92712
v2
hf = n.Kf. 2.g c = 3 (0,75) 2(32,174) = 0,0301 ft.lbf/lbm
1 check valve:
0,92712
v2
hf = n.Kf. 2.g c = 1(2) 2(32,174) = 0,0267 ft.lbf/lbm
Pipa lurus 20 ft:
L.v 2
20.(0,9271) 2
Ff = 4f D.2.g c = 4(0,0083) 0,0518.2. 32,174 = 0,2567 ft.lbf/lbm
A
1 1
A2
hex =
v2
2. .g c
1 0 2
0,92712
21 32,174 = 0,0134 ft.lbf/lbm
P P1
2
1
2
v 2 v1 g z 2 z1 2
F Ws 0
2
(Geankoplis,
2003)
dimana : v1 = v2
Z = 20 ft
maka:
0
32,174ft/s 2
32,174ft.l bm/lbf.s
20 ft (4.232,5644 - 2.116,28223 )
2
62,1686 lbm/ft
0,3342 ft.lbf/lbm Ws 0
Ws = 54,3752 ft.lbf/lbm
Efisiensi pompa, = 80 %
Ws
= - Wp
54,3752
= - 0,8 Wp
Wp
= 67,9690 ft.lbf/lbm
Daya pompa :
P
= m Wp
1 hp
Ketel Uap
Kode
: KU
lbf/ft
Fungsi
Jenis
Bahan konstruksi
: Carbon steel
Kondisi operasi
34,5 x P x 970,3
H
(Caplan, 1980)
dimana:
P = Daya boiler, HP
W = Kebutuhan uap, lb/jam
H = Panas laten steam, Btu/lb
Maka,
2122,1808 x 976,9815
34,5 x 970,3
= 61,9361 HP
A
619,9361
90,0234
L x a' 20 x 0,334
(Kern, 1965)
Blower
Kode
: BU
Fungsi
Jenis
Jumlah
: 1 unit
: 30 C
Tekanan
: 1 atm
= 983,2903 kg /jam
udara pada 30 oC
= 1,1661 kg/m
(Holman, 2010)
F 983,2903
Laju alir volumetrik udara, Q = = 1,1661 = 843,2314 m3/jam
(Perry, 2008)
Sehingga,
P
P aktual
30.
12,5119
= 0,8 = 15,6398 hp
Pompa Utilitas
Kode
: PU-11
Fungsi
Jenis
: Centrifugal pump
Jumlah
: 1 unit
Bahan kontruksi
: Commercial Steel
Kondisi operasi
Temperatur
= 29,5 oC
= 1125,572 kg/jam
= 0,6893 lbm/s
Densitas air
= 995,82 kg/m3
= 62,1686 lbm/ft3
Viskositas air
= 0,8095 cP
= 14,696 psia
= 2.116,2822 lbf/ft2
= 14,696 psia
= 2.116,2822 lbf/ft2
(Wallas, 1988) =
: 1 in
Schedule number
: 40
: 1,315 in = 0,1096 ft
: 0,006 ft2
3
Q 0,0111 ft /s
2
Kecepatan linier: v = A = 0,006 ft
= 1,8479 ft/s
vD
(Geankoplis, 2003)
(Geankoplis, 2003)
Friction loss:
1 Sharp edge entrance:
hc = 0,55
A2 v 2
A1 2
0,5 5(1 0)
=
1,8479 2
2(1)(32,174) = 0,0292 ft.lbf/lbm
1 elbow 90 :
1,8479 2
v2
hf = n.Kf. 2.g c = 1 (0,75) 2(32,174) = 0,0398 ft.lbf/lbm
1 check valve:
v2
1,8479 2
hf = n.Kf. 2.g c = 1(2) 2(32,174) = 0,1061 ft.lbf/lbm
Pipa lurus 20 ft:
L.v 2
20.(1,8479) 2
Ff = 4f D.2.g c = 4(0,0072) 0,0874 .2. 32,174 = 0,3497 ft.lbf/lbm
1 Sharp edge exit:
2
A
1 1
A2
hex =
v2
2. .g c
1 0
1,8479 2
21 32,174 = 0,0531 ft.lbf/lbm
P P1
2
1
2
v 2 v1 g z 2 z1 2
F Ws 0
2
2003)
(Geankoplis,
dimana : v1 = v2
P1 = P2
Z = 20 ft
maka:
0
32,174ft/s 2
32,174ft.l bm/lbf.s
20 ft 0 0,5779
ft.lbf/lbm Ws 0
Ws = 20,5779 ft.lbf/lbm
Efisiensi pompa, = 80 %
Ws
= - Wp
20,5779
= - 0,8 Wp
Wp
= 25,7223 ft.lbf/lbm
Daya pompa :
P
= m Wp
1 hp
: TP-05
Fungsi
Bentuk
:1
Kondisi operasi
: Temperatur = 28 oC
Tekanan
= 1 atm
A. Volume tangki
Kaporit yang digunakan = 2 ppm
Kaporit yang digunakan berupa larutan 70% (% berat)
Laju massa kaporit
= 0,0032 kg/jam
= 3,0189 x 10-4 m3
Faktor kelonggaran
= 20%, maka :
Volume tangki
= 1,2 x 0,0005 m3
= 3,6226 x 10-4 m3
dimana
Ditetapkan
Vs
Di
Hs
Maka :
3Di 3
Vs = 8
3Di 3
3,6226 x 10-4 = 8
Di = 0,0675 m
Hs
= 0,1013 m
3,0189 x 10 -4 m 3
x 0,1013 m 3 0,0844m
-4
3
Tinggi cairan dalam tangki = 3,6226 x 10 m
Tebal dinding tangki
-
p hidrostatis
= 107,49711 kPa
Allowable stress (s)
= 87.218,714 kPa
= 1/8 in
(Timmerhaus, 1991)
(102,3782 )(0,0823)
t = 2(87.218,714)( 0,8) 1,2(102,3782 )
t = 0,00006 m = 0,0025 in
Maka tebal shell yang dibutuhkan = 0,0025in + 1/8 in = 0,1275 in
Tebal shell standar yang digunakan = 3/16 in
Tutup terbuat dari bahan yang sama dengan dinding tangki dan ditetapkan tebal
tutup 3/16 in.
C.
Daya Pengaduk
Tipe pengaduk : plat 6 balde turbin impeller
Jumlah baffle : 4 buah
Untuk turbin standar (Geankoplis, 2003), diperoleh :
Dt/Da = 3,
E/Da = 1
; E= 0,0225m
L/Da =
= 1 rps
Bilangan Reynold,
N (Da ) 2
NRe =
(79,4088)(1)(0,0225 3,2808) 2
6,7197.10 4
=
= 643,9369
Dari Gambar 3.4.5 Geankoplis (Edisi ke-4), untuk Bilangan Reynold tersebut
diperoleh Np = 4, maka perhitungan daya motor yang digunakan adalah :
P = (Np)(N)3( )(Da)5
P = (4)(1)3(1272 kg/m3)(0,0225 m)5
P = 0,000029 hp
Efisiensi motor penggerak = 80
0,000029
0,8
Daya motor penggerak =
= 0,000036 hp
: PU-14
Fungsi
Jenis
: pompa injeksi
= 0,0032 kg/jam
Densitas kaporit ()
= 1.272 kg/m3
= 79,4088 lbm/ft3
Viskositas kaporit ()
= 6,7197.10-4 cP
= 4,5156.10-7 lbm/ft.s
1,6551 x 10 -6 lbm / s
3
Laju alir volumetrik (v) = 79,4088 lbm / ft
Desain pompa :
Di,opt
= 3,9 (v)0,45()0,13
(Timmerhaus,1991)
: 1/8 in
Schedule number
: 40
: 0,2690 in = 0,0224 ft
: 0,4050 in
: 0,0004 ft2
= 0,0338 ft
2,0844 x 10 -8 ft 3 / s
0,0004 ft 2
Kecepatan linear, v = v/A =
= 5,211 x 10-5 ft/s
Bilangan Reynold : NRe
v D
=
(79,4088 lbm / ft 3 )(5,211 x 10 -5 ft / s )(0,0224 ft )
4,5156.10 -7 lbm/ft.s
=
= 205,2685 (Laminar)
(Geankoplis,1997)
Friction loss :
1 Sharp edge entrance
hc = 0,5
A2 v 2
A1 2
-5
1 0 (5,211 x 10 )
21 32,174
=0,5
2 elbow 90
v2
hf = n.Kf. 2.g c
(5,211 x 10 -5 ) 2
= 2(0,75) 2(32,174)
1 check valve
v2
hf = n.Kf. 2.g c
(5,211 x 10 -5 ) 2
2(32,174) =8,4399x 10-11 ft.lbf/lbm
= 1(2,0)
Pipa lurus 20 ft
L.v 2
Ff = 4f D.2.g c
20. 5,211 x 10 -5 2
= 4(0,0779) 0,0224 .2. 32,174
A
1 1
A2
hex=
v2
2. .g c
-5
1 0 2 (5,211 x 10 )
21 32,174
=
P P1
2
1
2
v 2 v1 g z 2 z1 2
F Ws 0
2
(Geankoplis,1997)
dimana : v1 = v2
P1 = P2
Z = 20 ft
0
32,174 ft / s 2
20 ft 0 1,1951 x 10 8 ft.lbf / lbm Ws 0
2
32,174 ft.lbm / lbf .s
Ws = -20 ft.lbf/lbm
Effisiensi pompa ,
= 80 %
Ws = - x Wp
-20 = -0,8 x Wp
Wp = 25 ft.lbf/lbm
Daya pompa : P = m x Wp
1 hp
= 1,6551 x 10 lbm / s 25 ft.lbf / lbm x 550 ft.lbf / s
-6
= 7,5232 x 10-8 hp
Maka dipilih pompa dengan daya motor 1/20 hp.
33. Tangki Utilitas
Kode
: TU-02
Fungsi
Bentuk
:1
Kondisi operasi :
Temperatur
= 29,5 C
Tekanan
= 1 atm
= 1125,5720 kg/jam
Densitas air
= 995,82 kg/m3
(Geankoplis,2003)
Faktor keamanan
Perhitungan:
a. Volume tangki
Volume air,
Va
3,6277 x 10 -3 m 0,1521 in
Faktor korosi = 1/8 in
Maka tebal shell yang dibutuhkan = 0,1258 in + 1/8 in = 0,2771 in
Tebal shell standar yang digunakan = 5/16 in
Tutup terbuat dari bahan yang sama dengan dinding tangki dan ditetapkan
tebal tutup 5/16 in.
34. Pompa Utilitas
Kode
: PU-15
Fungsi
Jenis
: pompa sentrifugal
Jumlah
: 1
Densitas air ()
= 995,82 kg/m3
= 62,1686 lbm/ft3
Viskositas air ()
= 0,8095 cP
0,6893 lbm / s
3
Laju alir volumetrik (v) = 62,1686 lbm / ft
= 0,0111 ft3/s
Desain pompa :
Di,opt
= 3,9 (v)0,45()0,13
= 3,9 (0,0111 ft3/s )0,45 (62,1686 lbm/ft3)0,13
= 0,8803 in
(Timmerhaus,1991)
: 1 in
Schedule number
: 40
: 1,049 in = 0,0874 ft
: 1,133 in = 0,0944 ft
: 0,006 ft2
0,0111 ft 3 / s
2
Kecepatan linear, v = v/A = 0,006 ft
= 1,85 ft/s
Bilangan Reynold : NRe
v D
=
(62,1586 lbm / ft 3 )(1,85 ft / s )(0,0874 ft )
0,00054 lbm/ft.s
=
= 18611,8964
0,000046 ft
dan /D = 0,0874 ft = 0,0005
(Geankoplis,1997)
Friction loss :
1 Sharp edge entrance
hc = 0,5
=0,5
A2 v 2
A1 2
1 0
1,85 2
21 32,174
= 0,0266 ft.lbf/lbm
0 elbow 90
v2
hf = n.Kf. 2.g c
1,85 2
= 0(0,75) 2(32,174) = 0 ft.lbf/lbm
1 check valve
v2
hf = n.Kf. 2.g c
1,85 2
= 1(2,0) 2(32,174)
= 0,1064 ft.lbf/lbm
Pipa lurus 30 ft
L.v 2
Ff = 4f D.2.g c
30.1,85 2
= 4(0,007) 0,0874 .2. 32,174
= 0,5275 ft.lbf/lbm
A
1 1
A2
hex =
1 0 2
v2
2. .g c
1,85 2
21 32,174
= 0,0532 ft.lbf/lbm
P P1
2
1
2
v 2 v1 g z 2 z1 2
F Ws 0
2
(Geankoplis,1997)
dimana : v1 = v2
P1 = P2
Z = 30 ft
0
maka
32,174 ft / s 2
30 ft 0 0,7137 ft.lbf / lbm Ws 0
32,174 ft.lbm / lbf .s 2
Ws = -30,7137 ft.lbf/lbm
Effisiensi pompa ,
Ws
= 80 %
= - x Wp
-30,7137 = -0,8 x Wp
Wp
= 38,3921 ft.lbf/lbm
Daya pompa : P = m x Wp
1 hp
= 0,6893 lbm / s 38,3921 ft.lbf / lbm x 550 ft.lbf / s
= 0,0481 hp
Maka digunakan pompa dengan daya 1/4 hp.
: TB
Fungsi
Bentuk
:1
Kondisi operasi
= 788,6778 ltr/jam
Densitas solar
(Perry, 1999)
1
D 2 H
4
1
79,4987 m 3 D 2 2D
4
3
79,4987 m 1,5708 D 3
V
D = 3,6989 m ;
H = 7,3979 m = 24,2704 ft
(66,2489)(7,3979)
(79,4987)
=
= 6,1649 m
pD
2SE 1,2p
Tutup terbuat dari bahan yang sama dengan dinding tangki dan ditetapkan tebal
tutup in.
35.
Pompa Utilitas
Kode
: PU-18
Fungsi
Jenis
: Centrifugal pump
Jumlah
: 1 unit
Bahan kontruksi
: Commercial Steel
Kondisi operasi
Temperatur
= 30 oC
= 74,3874 kg/jam
Densitas solar
= 0,0456 lbm/s
= 890,0712 kg/m3
= 55,5668
= 1,1 cP
= 7,4 x 10-4
lbm/ft3
-
Viskositas solar
lbm/ft.sekon
= 14,696 psia
= 2.116,2822 lbf/ft2
= 14,696 psia
= 2.116,2822 lbf/ft2
(Wallas, 1988) =
: 3/8 in
Schedule number
: 40
: 0,675 in = 0,0562 ft
: 0,0013 ft2
3
Q 0,0008 ft /s
2
Kecepatan linier: v = A = 0,0013 ft = 0,6164 ft/s
vD
(Geankoplis, 2003)
(Geankoplis, 2003)
Friction loss:
1 Sharp edge entrance:
A2 v 2
0,6164 2
1
0,5 5(1 0)
A1 2
2(1)(32,174) = 0,0032 ft.lbf/lbm
hc = 0,55
=
2 elbow 90 :
v2
0,6164 2
hf = n.Kf. 2.g c = 2 (0,75) 2(32,174) = 0,0089 ft.lbf/lbm
1 check valve:
0,6164 2
v2
hf = n.Kf. 2.g c = 1(2) 2(32,174) = 0,0118 ft.lbf/lbm
Pipa lurus 20 ft:
L.v 2
30.(0,6164) 2
Ff = 4f D.2.g c = 4(0,0085) 0,0411 .2. 32,174 = 0,1466 ft.lbf/lbm
1 Sharp edge exit:
2
A
1 1
A2
hex =
v2
2. .g c
1 0 2
0,6164 2
21 32,174 = 0,0059 ft.lbf/lbm
P P1
2
1
2
v 2 v1 g z 2 z1 2
F Ws 0
2
2003)
dimana : v1 = v2
P1 = P2
Z = 20 ft
maka:
0
32,174ft/s 2
32,174ft.l bm/lbf.s
20 ft 0 0,1764
Ws = 20,1764 ft.lbf/lbm
Efisiensi pompa, = 80 %
ft.lbf/lbm Ws 0
(Geankoplis,
Ws
= - Wp
20,1764
= - 0,8 Wp
Wp
= 25,2205 ft.lbf/lbm
Daya pompa :
P
= m Wp
1 hp
: PU-19
Fungsi
Jenis
: pompa sentrifugal
Jumlah
: 1
Temperatur
= 30C
Densitas solar ()
Viskositas solar ()
= 74,3874 kg/jam
= 0,0456 lbm/s
= 14,696 psia
= 2.116,2822 lbf/ft2
= 14,696 psia
= 2.116,2822 lbf/ft2
Desain pompa :
Asumsi : aliran laminar
Di,opt
= 3,9 (Q)0,45()0,13
(Timmerhaus,1991)
Ukuran nominal
: 3/4 in
Schedule number
: 40
: 0,824 in = 0,0687 ft
: 1,05 in = 0,0875 ft
: 0,006 ft2
0,0038 ft 3 / s
2
Kecepatan linear, v = Q/A = 0,006 ft
= 0,6382 ft/s
Bilangan Reynold : NRe
v D
=
(55,56 lbm / ft 3 )( 0,6382 ft / s )( 0,0687 ft )
7,392 . 10 - 4 lbm/ft.s
=
= 3294,5706
0,000046 ft
dan /D = 0,0209 ft = 0,0022
(Geankoplis,1997)
Friction loss :
A2 v 2
A1 2
0,6382 2
1 0
21 32,174
= 0,55
= 0,0035 ft.lbf/lbm
v2
0,6382 2
1 elbow 90 = hf = n.Kf. 2.g c = 2(0,75) 2(32,174)
= 0,0095 ft.lbf/lbm
0,6382 2
v2
1 check valve = hf = n.Kf. 2.g c = 1(2) 2(32,174)
= 0,0127 ft.lbf/lbm
L.v 2
Pipa lurus 50 ft = Ff = 4f D.2.g c
= 4(0,007)
50.(0,6382) 2
0,0687 .2. 32,174
A
1 1
A2
=
1 0
= 0,1291 ft.lbf/lbm
v2
2. .g c
0,6382 2
21 32,174
= 0,0063 ft.lbf/lbm
= 0,1610 ft.lbf/lbm
P P1
2
1
2
v 2 v1 g z 2 z1 2
F Ws 0
2
(Geankoplis,1997)
dimana : v1 = v2
P1 P2
Z = 20 ft
maka :
0
32,174 ft / s 2
20 ft 0 0,1610 ft.lbf / lbm Ws 0
32,174 ft.lbm / lbf .s 2
Ws = - 20,1610 ft.lbf/lbm
Effisiensi pompa , = 80 %
Ws
= - x Wp
- 20,1610 = -0,8 x Wp
Wp
= 25,2013 ft.lbf/lbm
Daya pompa : P = m x Wp
1 hp
= 0,2128lbm / s 25,2013 ft.lbf / lbm x 550 ft.lbf / s
= 0,0098 hp
Maka dipilih pompa dengan daya motor 1/10 hp.