BIOLOGICAL

PSYCHOLOGY
Neuroanatomy II

Major subdivisions of the brain

Hindbrain
Midbrain

Forebrain

Hindbrain
Oldest and most primitive part

of the brain
Medulla Responsible for
some automatic but vital
functions, such as breathing
and heart rate, etc.
Reticular formation A dense
network of neurons found in
the core of the brain stem; it
arouses the cortex and
screens incoming information
Cerebellum Regulates
movement and balance, and is
involved in learning some
simple responses

Midbrain
Located above the hindbrain
Contains a number of

important nuclei
Nuclei: a cluster of neurons

within a structure

Substantia Nigra Black

substance
Striatum
Both are involved in initiating

smooth movement

Forebrain
Most highly developed part of the brain
Thalamus Relay station for information

concerning senses
Hypothalamus Maintains homeostasis
and produces vital basic behaviors
Limbic system integrates emotions,
learning, and memory
Amygdala almond
Hippocampus seahorse

Basal ganglia
Parahippocampal gyrus
Cingulate gyrus

Cortex/Cerebral Cortex

1) Sensory Cortex
Reception and registration of sensory stimuli from outside

and within the body

2) Motor Cortex
Planning and execution of

complex motor acts

MOTOR AND SOMATOSENSORY AREAS

3) Association Cortex unimodal areas

Each of the primary

sensory cortices (dark)

is bordered by unimodal
association cortex (light
gray).
lesions lead to unimodal
deficits (ONLY vision, or
ONLY Audition)

3) Association Cortex
heteromodal areas (white regions)
Areas that put together information from different senses
lesions lead to multimodal deficits

Somatosensory cortex
pressure, touch, pain,
temperature
Motor cortex
voluntary movement
of muscles

Attention
Sensory
integration

Attention
Executive function
Motor planning

Auditory cortex
Memory,
perception,
emotion
Visual cortex
Brocas area: language production
Wernickes area: language comprehension