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D. Engine 24
D. Engine 24
Computer
Sensors
Engine speed sensor
Water temp. sensor
Accelerator pedal
Positioning sensor
Intake air temp. sensor
Turbo pressure sensor
Fuel temp. sensor
Fuel pressure sensor
EDU
SPV
Fuel injection volume
TCV
ECU
...etc
Other controls
Intake
restriction
EGR
Glow plug
Control
...etc
Switches
A/C switch
Ignition switch
Accelerator pedal switch
Blower switch
...etc
Diagnosis
Fail-safe
ECU
Sensors
Actuators
Dalam hal kontrol elektronik, peranan ECU adalah untuk menentukan volume injeksi bahan bakar, waktu injeksi bahan bakar, dan
volume intake udara yang cocok untuk kondisi berkendara, berdasarkan sinyal yang diterima dari berbagai sensor dan switch. Sebagai
tambahan, ECU meng-output sinyal untuk mengoperasikan
aktuator, baik untuk sistem EFI-diesel maupun sistem common-rail.
(1/1)
Switches
-1-
Sensor
Actuator
TDC
NE
PIM
Intake ristrictor
control
LUA, B
THA
Throttle control
motor
THW
Water temp. sensor
PDL
Accelerator pedal
position sensor
VA, VAS
TCV
Timing control valve
IDL
G-IND
THOP
ECU
S-REL
THF
Fuel temp. sensor
EGR control
EGR
Ignition switch
Vacuum regulating
valve
STA
Starting signal (ST terminal)
Ignition signal (IG terminal)
IGSW
Combination meter
SP1
Air conditioner
amplifier
EGLS
W
Air conditioner amplifier
AC1
Malfunction indicator
lamp
CLK
DATA
BATT
+B
Battery
Main relay
-2-
Actuator
Sensor
Turbo pressure sensor
PIM
control
SPV
Spill control valve
NE
TDC
control
TCV
Timing control valve
THA
THF
Throttle
position sensor
S-REL
IDL
Idling signal
VA
VRP
VRT
Correction resistors
Intake constrictor
control
ECU
S/TH1
VSV1
Ignition switch
S/TH2
STA
IGSW
Combination meter
SP1
VSV2
EGR control
EGR
NSW
A/C
ACT
Air conditioner
amplifier
M-REL
Main relay
IMI
IMO
TE1
TE2
+B
BATT
Battery
Main relay
-3-
Sensor
Turbo pressure sensor
Actuator
PIM
NE
SPVF
TDC
SVR
Spill control relay
THW
THA
TCV
THF
Fuel temp. sensor
Accelerator pedal
position sensor
Idling signal
Accelerator pedal
position signal
IDL
Intake heater control
VA. VAS
G-IND
IREL
Injection pump
Intake constrictor
control
DATA
S/TH
VSV
CLK
Ignition switch
Starting signal [St terminal]
Ignition signal [Ig terminal]
ECU
STA
IGSW
EGR control
EGR
Vacuum regulating valve
EGRC
Combination meter
PDL
calibration unit
SP1
HSW
AC1
signal
ACT
Power heater amplifier
VCH
THWO
Air conditioner
amplifier
NSW
control
FSW
1st gear position switch
Power heater
amplifier
PS
EFI+
Transmission ECU
EFIECT+
ECT ECU
ECTIM
MREL
Main relay
TC
SIL
BATT
+B
Main relay
Battery
-4-
Actuator
Sensor
Turbo pressure sensor
PIM
control
SPVD
NE
Engine speed sensor
TDC
THW
SPR
THA
Intake air temp. sensor
Fuel injection volume
THF
Fuel temp. sensor
control
TCV
Accelerator pedal
position sensor
VA.VAS
Idling signal
IDL
Intake heater
Accelerator pedal
GIND
control
position signal
IREL
PDL
closed signal
control
LUA.B
DATA
Injection pump
Control valve
calibration unit
CLK
PA
Ignition switch
IGSW
ECU
EGR control
EGR
Combination meter
Vacuum regulating
valve
SP1
ECU
EGRC
PS
Combination meter
PTO
TAC
Tachometer
AC1
Air conditioner
cut-off control
FSW
Air conditioner
ACT
amplifier
Back up lamp switch
Reverse gear signal
NSW
EXSW
Exhaust brake switch
EXB
CLSW
Clutch switch
VAP
Work accelerator sensor
MREL
TC
Data link connector 3
Main relay
SW
+B
BATT
Battery
Main relay
-5-
Sensor
Actuator
TWV1
NE
TWV2
TWV3
Camshaft position sensor
No. 1 Injector
E
D
U
No. 2 Injector
No. 3 Injector
TWV4
No. 4 Injector
PCR
Fuel pressure sensor
RINJ4
RINJ3
PIM
RINJ2
RINJ1
PCV1, 2
THF
THAR
THW
THOP
Step motor
HREL
Accelerator pedal
position sensor
Heater relay
IDL
VA. VAS
Idling signal
Accelerator pedal
position signal
EGR control
EGR
EGRC
PDL
Vacuum regulating
valve
VSV [for cut-off]
ECU
VG
Air flow meter
G-IND
Glow indicator lamp
THF
SREL
EUREL
Ignition switch
EDU relay
STA
IGSW
TAC
Tachometer
Combination switch
PA
SP1
Blower switch
BLM
ACT
Air conditioner
amplifier
AC1
Alternator
THWO
MXH
gauge
MAX-HOT switch
IMI
MREL
Immobiliser ECU
IMO
TC
Main relay
SIL
+B
BATT
Battery
Main relay
-6-
Sensor
Actuator
#1
NE
No. 1 Injector
#2
E
D
U
#3
G
Camshaft position sensor
No. 2 Injector
No. 3 Injector
#4
No. 4 Injector
PCR
INJF
INJ4
PIM
INJ3
INJ2
INJ1
THA
PCV1, 2
THW
LU A, B
Step motor
VA, VAS
EGR control
EGR
VG
Vacuum regulating
valve
THAF
THF
Turbocharger compensate
resister
VTB
EGRC
ECU
TRC
SREL
ENG
STP
EDUREL
EDU relay
HSW, VCV
TAC
VCH
Ignition switch
STA
Tachometer
PA
VSV [for turbo pressure sensor]
IGSW
Turbocharger control
Combination meter
SPD
VN A, B
Step motor
AC
DF
Alternator
Air conditioning
amplifier
IMI
Immobiliser ECU
MREL
IMO
SIL
TC
Check connector
Main relay
+B
BATT
Battery
Main relay
-7-
Sensor
Actuator
#1
NE
No. 1 Injector
#2
E
D
U
#3
G
#4
No. 2 Injector
No. 3 Injector
No. 4 Injector
INJF
VG
RINJ4
RINJ3
THA
RINJ2
RINJ1
VELF
PCV
THIA
PRV
THW
PIM
LU+A,
LU+B
PCR
LU-A,
LU-B
Accelerator pedal
position sensor
VPA1
EGR
EGR control
VPA2
E-VRV
ECU
OILM
Monitor ECU
THOP
SREL
GIND
Ignition switch
STA
IGSW
Combination meter
SP1
EDUREL
EDU relay
PA
TACH
Tachometer
MREL
STP
Main relay
STDF
Alternator
Malfunction indicator
lamp
HSW
Warm up switch
Tc, SIL
VSV
WFSE
+B
BATT
Battery
Main relay
-8-
Sensor
Actuator
#10
NE
No. 1 Injector
#20
No. 2 Injector
#30
No. 3 Injector
#40
No. 4 Injector
PINJ4
VG
PINJ3
PINJ2
THAF
PINJ1
PCV
MPROP
THW
Intake restrictor
control
PC
ITV
VPC
Accelerator pedal
position sensor
E-VRV
VPA1
EGR control
VPA2
EGR
E-VRV
Ignition switch
STA
Starting signal (ST terminal)
Ignition signal (IG terminal)
IGSW
ECU
GREL
GIND
Combination meter
SPD
PRV
STP1
Tachometer
STP2
Cooling fan control
AC1
FAN
CLSW
Clutch switch
Main relay
CE
TXCT
RXCK
CODE
MHSW
Malfunction indicator
lamp
ACT
Air conditioner amplifier
PHP1
SIL
BATT
+B
Battery
Main relay
(1/1)
-9-
Tentang EDU
EDU
ECU
EDU
Conventional EFI-disesl
(Radial plunger type)
[V]
Time
ECU
EDU
Common-rail EFI-diesel
REFERENSI
Tentang SPV Tipe Direct-acting
SPV ini digunakan pada pompa tekanan tinggi tipe
radial plunger. Kumparan kapasitas tinggi disediakan
untuk membiarkan SPV merespon dengan cepat
dibawah kondisi bahan bakar tekanan tinggi.
Karenanya, level tegangan tinggi diperlukan untuk
memberi energi kepada kumparan.
(1/1)
Tentang EDU
ECU (Sinyal) EDU control circuit
EDU control circuit (Sinyal) Sirkuit pembangkit tegangan
tinggi (penguatan)
Sirkuit pembangkit tegangan tinggi (Tegangan tinggi) SPV
EDU Massa
SPV (Sinyal verifikasi) ECU
(1/1)
- 10 -
Sensor
Mesin 1KZ-TE
Speed sensor
Fuel temperature sensor
Intake air temperature sensor
Throttle position sensor
Water temperature sensor
Turbo pressure sensor
Crankshaft position sensor
2.
Mesin 1HD-FTE/15B-FTB
Speed sensor
Fuel temperature sensor
Accelerator pedal position sensor
Intake air temperature sensor
Water temperature sensor
Turbo pressure sensor
Crankshaft position sensor
3.
Mesin 1CD-FTV
Fuel temperature sensor
Fuel pressure sensor
Air flow meter/intake air temperature sensor (at air
cleaner)
Accelerator pedal position sensor
Intake air temperature sensor (at intake manifold)
Camshaft position sensor
Water temperature sensor
Turbo pressure sensor
Crankshaft position sensor
(3/6)
- 11 -
(1/6)
(2/6)
4. Mesin 1KD-FTV
Fuel temperature sensor
Fuel pressure sensor
Air flow meter/intake air temperature sensor(at air
cleaner)
Accelerator pedal position sensor
Intake air temperature sensor (at intake manifold)
Water temperature sensor
Turbo pressure sensor
Camshaft position sensor
Crankshaft position sensor
(4/6)
5.
6.
- 12 -
Mesin 2KD-FTV
Fuel temperature sensor
Pressure discharge valve
Fuel pressure sensor
Airflow meter/intake air temperature sensor (at air
cleaner)
Accelerator pedal position sensor
Intake air temperature sensor (at intake manifold)
Water temperature sensor
Turbo pressure sensor
Camshaft position sensor
Crankshaft position sensor
(5/6)
Mesin 1ND-TV
Fuel pressure regulator
Fuel pressure sensor
Air flow meter/intake air temperature sensor
Accelerator pedal position sensor
Camshaft position sensor
Water temperature sensor
Crankshaft position sensor
(6/6)
Accelerator sensor
Speed sensor
Crankshaft position sensor
(1/1)
Accelerator Sensor
Ada dua tipe accelerator sensor. Satu
adalah accelerator pedal position sensor,
yang membentuk rakitan bersama
dengan pedal akselerator. Sensor ini,
yang merupakan tipe elemen Hall,
mendeteksi sudut bukaan akselerator.
Tegangan yang berhubungan dengan
sudut ini dapat dideteksi pada
terminal output.
(1/2)
Output characteristics
[v]
5.0
Output
Voltage
90
10
Accelerator Sensor
Output characteristics
Fully close
Fully open
Circuit
Close
Open
Open
Close
- 13 -
Sensor
Rotor
Magnet
Pickup bracket
- 14 -
360 CA
Timing sprocket
Mesin 1ND-TV
Untuk mesin 1ND-TV, digunakan camshaft position sensor
tipe hall element.
Timing trigger pada timing sprocket mendeteksi posisi
camshaft dengan mengirim satu sinyal untuk setiap
dua revolusi crankshaft.
(2/2)
Timing trigger
- 15 -
Filter
Electric circuit
Output
voltage
Load side
Pressure
(mmHg) Turbo side
REFERENSI
Turbo Pressure Sensor
VSV bekerja sesuai dengan sinyal
dari ECU dan menukar tekanan
yang diberikan ke aktuator diantara
atmosir dan vakum.
Vacuum
Atmosfir
(1/1)
- 16 -
Thermistor
Characteristics
(k) 30
20
10
Resistance
5
3
2
1
0.5
0.3
0.2
0.1
-20
20
40
60
80
Coolant temperature
100
120
(C)
5
4
Output 3
voltage
2
2V
50MPa
1
50
100
150
Pressure PC (MPa)
- 17 -
Fungsi
Fungsi yang dikontrol oleh ECU
Garis Besar
Other
Engine control
ISC control
EGR control
Idle vibration reduction
control
Main relay control
ECU transmission control
ECT control
Diagnosis function
Fail-safe function
(1/3)
Menentukan volume dan
waktu injeksi EFI-diesel
konvensional
EFI-diesel
Accelerator sensor
Speed sensor
Crankshaft position sensor
Turbo pressure sensor
SPV
EDU
ECU
TCV
- 18 -
EDU
SPV
ECU
TCV
SPV
EDU
ECU
Water temp. sensor
TCV
Common-rail EFI-diesel
Accelerator sensor
Engine speed
(Crankshaft position sensor)
Camshaft position sensor
Turbo pressure sensor/
air flow meter
(Intake air volume)
ECU
Injector
EDU
- 19 -
(2/3)
Injector
EDU
(3/3)
Accelerator sensor
Engine speed
(Crankshaft position sensor)
Camshaft position sensor
Turbo pressure sensor/
air flow meter
(Intake air volume)
ECU
Injector
EDU
- 20 -
ECU
Engine speed
Accelerator pedal
opening angle
Calculation of
basic injection
volume
ISC correction
A/C switch
Water temp.
(2/5)
30%
Idle
10%
20%
Partial
Load
Engine
speed
ECU
Coolant
temperature
Intake air
temperature
Maximum
injection
volume
calculation
Fuel
temperature
Intake air
pressure
Fuel pressure
(Common-rail only)
REFERENSI
Koreksi Volume Injeksi
Increase
Turbo pressure
sensor
ECU
Correction
Coefficient
1
Decrease
3
Intake air pressure
sensor output (v)
ECU
Correction
Coefficient
40
Intake air
temperature (deg)
- 21 -
Fuel temperature
sensor
ECU
rpm
Correction
1
Coefficient
40
Fuel temperature
Water
temperature
sensor
ECU
Correction
Coefficient
10
Water
temperature
ECU
+5V
SPV
VRP
E2
- 22 -
REFERENSI
Tentang ROM Koreksi
Tentang ROM Koreksi:
Bengkel resmi seperti bengkel servis pompa menggunakan alat khusus untuk mengukur pompa untuk
menggantikan ROM koreksi atau membuat penyesuaian korektif.
Koreksi tipe lain:
Selain volume injeksi yang telah ditentukan disini, koreksi suhu juga dilakukan untuk beberapa model kendaraan.
Apabila suhu tinggi, volume aktual lebih rendah (karena densitas rendah) daripada nilai yang diminta. Karena itu,
nilai yang diminta harus dinaikkan.
(1/1)
Menentukan waktu injeksi
Engine speed
Accelerator
pedal opening
angle
ECU
Basic target
injection timing
Coolant
temperature
Intake air
pressure
Determining
target
injection
timing
Correction
value
Intake air
temperature
(on some models)
- 23 -
EFI-diesel Konvensional
Intake air pressure
correction
Timing (CA)
advance
Large 4
Basic target
injection timing
(CA)
Full load
rpm
(3/6)
15
Light load
Engine speed (rpm)
Water temperature
correction
Timing
advance (CA)
Large
Target
injection
timing
Water
temperature
EFI-diesel Konvensional
ECU
Engine
Speed
Detecting actual
injection timing
Crankshaft
position
Correction
Correction
resistor
Injection start
Injection pressure
(Nozzle)
Cam plate
movement of plunger
REFERENSI
Deteksi Waktu Injeksi
EFI-diesel Konvensional
Cam plate dan rotor (yang menghasilkan sinyal NE)
berotasi bersamaan. Karena itu, ECU dapat
mendeteksi waktunya saat plunger bergerak dan
injeksi aktual terjadi sesuai posisi sinyal E.
NE signal
(Standard)
- 24 -
(4/6)
NE signal
pump A
Phase
Discrepancy
Phase
Discrepancy
NE signal
pump B
NE signal
TDC signal
EFI-diesel Konvensional
ECU
Target injection timing
Injection timing
comparison
Correction
TCV
Correction
- 25 -
REFERENSI
Menentukan Waktu Injeksi
EFI-diesel Konvensional
(1/1)
Common-rail EFI-diesel
ECU
Engine
speed
Accelerator
pedal opening
angle
Coolant
temperature
Basic
Injection
timing
Injection
timing
determination
ECU
Injector
Correction
value
Intake air
pressure
/volume
Kontrol Starting
ECU
Starter signal
Injection volume
determination
Basic injection
volume
Starting correction
Water temp.
sensor
Correction
E/G rpm
- 26 -
Starter
signal
ECU
Target injection
timing
correction
Coolant
temp.
Engine
speed
Split Injection
Open
Injection
Cam lift
Nozzle lift
Pilot Injection
Nozzele lift
Current injection
Pilot injection
Main injection
Cylinder
pressure
- 27 -
ECU
Accelerator pedal
opening angle
Fuel temp.
Vehicle speed signal
Injection
volume
correction
Starter signal
Speed detection
Neutral signal
Actuators
(SPV/injector)
A/C switch
Power heater switch
ECU
Idle-up control
Prospective control
The injection
volume is corrected
so that all the t
values become
equal.
- 28 -
1.
Engine speed
(Engine speed sensor)
ECU
2.
Shift information
2. Kontrol ECT
Gejala:
Kejutan timbul selama pemindahan.
Deskripsi kontrol:
Volume injeksi dikurangi selama pemindahan.
(1/4)
ETC
E/G
ECU
3.
Water temp.
sensor
ECU
Glow plug
4.
Water temp.
sensor
ECU
Intake
heater
- 29 -
5.
Vehicle
speed
sensor
ECU
Accelerator
pedal
position
sensor
Timer
A/C
compressor
6.
ECU
6. Dulling control
Gejala:
Fluktuasi torque akibat perubahan volume
injeksi selama akselerasi.
Deskripsi kontrol:
Volume injeksi diubah secara berangsur segera
setelah akselerator dibuka dan ditutup.
(4/4)
Engine speed
(Engine speed sensor)
Accelerator
opening
100
angle
(%)
0
Large
with Control
Injection
without Control
volume
Time
- 30 -
ECU
Basic
injection
volume
Injection
volume
Maximum
injection
volume
Determination of
fuel pressure
Correction
SCV
Engine
speed
REFERENSI
Menentukan Tekanan Bahan Bakar
Common-rail
MPa
Common-rail fuel
pressure
Full load
No load
Engine speed
- 31 -
Supply
pump type
Axial plunger
1KZ-TE
Basic
injection
Basic
maximum
injection
Intake air
pressure
Intake air
Water
Fuel
Fuel
temperature temperature temperature pressure
Starting
5L-E
Radial plunger
1HD-FTE
15B-FTE
1CD-FTV
1KD-FTV
Common-rail
2KD-FTV
1ND-TV
Axial plunger
Supply
Basic timing
Water
pump type injection
temperature
Intake air
pressure
Intake air
temperature
Starting
1KZ-TE
5L-E
Radial plunger
1HD-FTE
15B-FTE
1CD-FTV
Common-rail
1KD-FTV
2KD-FTV
1ND-TV
Other control
Engine type
Supply
pump type
Axial plunger
1KZ-TE
Vacuum
5L-E
Motor
Radial plunger
Common-rail
ISC
Stable idling
Diesel throttle
Intake shutter
1HD-FTE
Injection rate
15B-FTE
Motor
1CD-FTV
Motor
1KD-FTV
Motor
2KD-FTV
Motor
1ND-TV
Vacuum
- 32 -
Fungsi Diagnosa
Diagnosis
Diagnosis
Check (Test)
mode
Normal mode
Fail-safe
- 33 -
DLC1
Check connector
DLC3
DLC3
Active Test
Active Test
Selama active test, tester diagnostik digunakan untuk
meng-output perintah ke ECU untuk mengendalikan
aktuator. Tes ini menentukan integritas sistem atau
bagian dengan memonitor cara kerja aktuator atau
dengan membaca data engine ECU.
(1/1)
ECU
Actuator
Petunjuk Servis
SST
Hand-held tester
DLC3
ON
OFF
- 34 -
Continuity
Battery
Ohmmeter
Pemeriksaan Relay
Mengukur tegangan dan resistansi terminal
relay.
Pemeriksaan Sensor
Mengukur tegangan dan resistansi antara
terminal sensor.
(2/2)
VG
E2G
Air
Voltmeter
- 35 -
Latihan
Ini adalah materi pre-course study untuk Pelatihan Frequent Service Job. Tujuan pelatihan ini adalah untuk
mempelajari prosedur kerja dan poin-poin frequent service job. Dalam pre-course study, Anda akan mempelajari pengetahuan dasar yang diperlukan untuk pekerjaan perbaikan, dan mekanisme dasar dan pengoperasian kendaraan. Setelah Anda mempelajari semua bab, kerjakan Ujian.
Chapter
Page with
Related Text
Exercises
All
Answers
Correct
Next Chapter
Page with
Related Text
Incorrect
Answer
Return to page of
related text for review
Exercises
All
Answers
Correct
Incorrect
Answer
Return to page of
related text for review
- 36 -
Pertanyaan- 1
Tabel berikut menunjukkan sistem kontrol elektronik sistem EFI-diesel konvensional. Dari kelompok kata, pilihlah
yang berhubungan dengan 1-5 pada tabel.
(3)
(2)
ECU
Switches
Other controls
Intake
restriction
EGR
Glow plug
control
...etc
(5)
Fail-safe
a) EDU
b) Diagnosis
c) Sensor
Jawaban: 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Pertanyaan- 2
Pernyataan berikut berkaitan dengan fungsi setiap sensor.
Dari keompok kata berikut, pilih sensor yang sesuai dengan setiap pernyataan.
1. Mendeteksi pembukaan akselerator.
Pertanyaan- 3
Grafik berikut menunjukkan kalkulasi volume injeksi maksimal. Saat sudut penekanan akselerator adalah 40%, pilih
nomor 1-4 pada grafik untuk volume injeksi yang pantas.
(CA)
100%
1
2
Injection
volume
3
60%
4
40%
0%
Engine speed
Jawaban::1.
2.
3.
4.
- 37 -
Pertanyaan- 4
Tentukan apakah tiap-tiap pernyataan dibawah ini Benar atau Salah.
Pertanyaan
No.
Benar
Salah
Benar
Salah
Pertanyaan- 5
Tentukan apakah tiap-tiap pernyataan di bawah ini Benar atau Salah.
Pertanyaan
No.
Benar
Salah
Benar
Salah
Benar
Salah
Pertanyaan- 6
Tentukan apakah tiap-tiap pernyataan dibawah ini Benar atau Salah.
No.
Pertanyaan
Benar
Salah
Benar
Salah
Benar
Salah
- 38 -
Jawaban Benar