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Rectangular Tank Example Latest PDF
Rectangular Tank Example Latest PDF
The Portland Cement Association (PCA) has publications for designing rectangular and circular
tanks. Some of the design provisions differ from that of the American Concrete Institute (ACI)
specifications. Many in the industry use these PCA design concepts, so we will adapt them for
our calculations as well. Much of the PCA publication is comprised of tables of coefficients for
calculating moment and shear in two-way slabs. These tables should simplify the calculations.
We will refer to the PCA Rectangular Concrete Tanks design manual as PCA-R, and the circular
tank design manual as PCA-C.
An additional safety factor is used for the loads called the Sanitation Coefficient, we will
denote it with SC for brevity. Note that this notation is not an industry standard. The purpose of
the sanitation coefficient is to indirectly reduce the stress, and thus the strain, in the steel
reinforcing. The result is lower strain in the concrete, and thus less cracking. The ultimate load
will be multiplied by SC, which has different values for different calculations:
SC=
1.3
for flexure
1.65
1.0
1.3
Another change is the fluid load factor is 1.7 rather than 1.4 as stated in the ACI specification.
For the purposes of this class, the following load combinations and factors will be used:
Mu = 1.3(1.4D + 1.7F + 1.6H)
for flexure
D = dead load
F = fluid pressure
H = earth pressure
60
20
fc = 3,500 psi
20
20
fy = 60,000 psi
fixed
fixed
free
fixed
a = 15
b = 60
b/a = 4.0
From page 2-18 of PCA-R, the maximum vertical moment coefficient is 149, looking at the Mx
table. This moment occurs at the center-bottom of the wall. Similarly, the My table gives a
maximum horizontal moment coefficient of 99, located at the top ends of the wall.
For the moment calculations qu = (1.3)(1.7)(945 pcf) = 2,089 psf
Mu = moment coefficient qu a2/1000
Vertical Moment:
coef = 149
Horizontal Moment: coef = 99
Mu = 70,034 lb-ft/ft
Mu = 46,533 lb-ft/ft
The maximum shear in the wall is obtained from the maximum shear coefficient from page 2-17
of PCA-R, in this case Cs = 0.50. The wall will be designed for the concrete to resist the entire
shear force.
For the shear calculation qu = (1.0)(1.7)(945 pcf) = 1,607 psf
Vu = Cs qu a = (0.50)(1,607 psf)(15) = 12,053 lb/ft
Note:
The moment in the wall varies considerably for different locations in the wall. The reinforcing
could differ at several locations for a highly efficient design. The thickness of the wall could
also vary, either tapering the wall or stepping the wall. However, for the sake of time, the
reinforcing will be kept consistent for the entire wall. One design for the vertical moments, and
the other for the horizontal moments. This is a common practice in engineering. Time is not
only saved for the design engineer, but also the detailers and construction crew saves time as
compared to a more complicated design. This design philosophy is entitled to change if
substantial material savings could be realized and if time permits.
Ag = 168 in2
fy = 60,000 psi
As = 1.58 in2
fc = 3,500 psi
c=
As f y
1 b w (0.85 f c )
= 3.124 in
Mu = 70,034 lb-ft/ft
Mn = 72,325 lb-ft/ft
3 f c
bw d As
fy
A s, max =
0.003 + y f y
Es
fc = 3,500 psi
c=
As = 1.185 in2
fy = 60,000 psi
As f y
1 b w (0.85 f c )
Ag = 168 in2
= 2.343 in
Mu = 46,533 lb-ft/ft
Mn = 50,681 lb-ft/ft
3 f c
bw d As
fy
A s, max =
0.003 + y f y
Es
d = 11.5
fc = 3,500 psi
Vc = 2 f c b w d = 16,328 lb/ft
design shear strength = Vn = 0.75Vc = 12,246 lb/ft
Vu = 12,053 lb/ft
Vn = 12,246 lb/ft
interior
exterior
10 ft
15 ft
grade
R1
4 ft
groundwater
R3
R2
q1
q2
3 ft
q3
interior
q1 = (1.3)(1.7)(15)(63 pcf) = 2,089 psf
moment = R1d1 = 78,340 lb-ft/ft
d1 = 15/3 = 5
exterior
q2 = (1.3)(1.6)(7)(45 pcf) = 656 psf
q3 = (1.3)(1.7)(3)(50 pcf) = 332 psf
moment = R2d2 + R3d3 = 5,857 lb-ft/ft
d2 = 7/3 = 2.334
d3 = 3/3 = 1
fixed
fixed
free
fixed
a = 15
b = 20
b/a = 1.33
The coefficients for b/a = 1.5 are larger than those for b/a = 1.25. Conservatively the tables for
b/a = 1.5 will be used. From page 2-20 of PCA-R, the maximum vertical moment coefficient is
61. This moment occurs at the center-bottom of the wall. Similarly the maximum horizontal
moment coefficient is 44, located near the top ends of the wall.
For the moment calculations qu = (1.3)(1.7)(945 pcf) = 2,089 psf
Mu = moment coefficient qu a2/1000
Vertical Moment:
coef = 61
Horizontal Moment: coef = 44
Mu = 28,672 lb-ft/ft
Mu = 20,682 lb-ft/ft
The maximum shear in the wall is obtained from the maximum shear coefficient from page 2-17
of PCA-R, in this case Cs = 0.40. The wall will be designed for the concrete to resist the entire
shear force.
For the shear calculation qu = (1.0)(1.7)(945 pcf) = 1,607 psf
Vu = Cs qu a = (0.40)(1,607 psf)(15) = 9,642 lb/ft
fc = 3,500 psi
c=
As = 0.66 in2
fy = 60,000 psi
As f y
1 b w (0.85 f c )
Ag = 168 in2
= 1.305 in
Mu = 28,672 lb-ft/ft
Mn = 32,879 lb-ft/ft
3 f c
bw d As
fy
A s, max =
0.003 + y f y
Es
fc = 3,500 psi
c=
As = 0.465 in2
fy = 60,000 psi
As f y
1 b w (0.85 f c )
Ag = 168 in2
= 0.919 in
Mu = 20,682 lb-ft/ft
Mn = 21,546 lb-ft/ft
3 f c
bw d As
fy
A s, max =
0.003 + y f y
Es
d = 11.625
fc = 3,500 psi
Vc = 2 f c b w d = 16,505 lb/ft
design shear strength = Vn = 0.75Vc = 12,378 lb/ft
Vu = 9,642 lb/ft
Vn = 12,378 lb/ft
Slab Design
One of the criteria for slab design is that it must be able to resist the moment from the bottom of
the wall. As a first approximation, assume the slab to be 14 thick.
Mu
Mu
20
20
wu
The water pressure pushing upward is reduced by the weight of the slab. The water pressure is
multiplied by a factor of 1.7, and the dead weight of the concrete is multiplied by a factor of 0.9.
The sanitation coefficient is 1.3 for flexure and 1/0 for shear, provided the concrete will resist all
of the shear force.
wu = 1.3[1.7(62 pcf)(4.17 ft)(1) 0.9(150 pcf)(14/12)(1)] = 367 lb/ft
Mu = (0.1167)(367 lb/ft)(20 ft)2 = 17,132 lb-ft/ft
Flotation
ACI 350.R4-04 section 3.1.2 gives a criterion for flotation of the tank under high groundwater
water conditions:
1.25
Dead Load
Uplift
60
14
14
20
14
20
14
20
slab
4 long walls
6 short walls
14
Bearing on Soil
total weight of tank = 1,802,850 lb
weight of fluid = (3)(20)(60)(15) (63 pcf) = 3,402,000 lb
total weight = 5,204,850 lb
footprint area = 4,031 ft3
soil pressure = 1,291 psf
soil capacity = 2,700 psf