COBOL

COBOL: Common Business Oriented Language

How many divisions in COBOL?
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION
ENVIRONMENT DIVISION
DATA DIVISION
PROCEDURE DIVISION
What is the COBOL Language structure?
Character -> Word -> Clause -> Statement -> Sentence -> Paragraph
-> Section -> Division --> Program
COBOL Characters: Digits (0-9), Alphabets (A-Z), Space , Special
characters
How do you create a member in a dataset?
Type in 3.4 in the primary command line
Enter the Dataset name

Type E against the Dataset name. Enclose the member name next to
the Dataset name
Shown below. Press Enter 2 times. Save.

Enter again.

Type SAVE. Press Enter. Insert I in the line

command. See below PIC.

COBOL Coding Sheet

Col #
1-6
7
8-11

12-72
73-80

Purpose
Page/Line number
Continuity (-), Comment (*), Starting a new
page (/), Debugging lines
Margin A
Division, Section ,paragraph,
01,77 Level numbers
Margin B
All other declarations/statements begin here
Identification field. It will be ignored by the
compiler but visible in the source listing.

Cobol coding Sheet contains 72 columns.

IDENTIFICATION DIVISION

PARAGRAPH -> SECTION -> DIVISION ( Should start in Margin A,

ideally in 8th column)
IDENTIFICATION Division contains Paragraphs only.
Here in the above example, it contains the following paragraphs
Program-id.
Author.
Installation.
Date-written.
Date-compiled.
Security.
8

ENVIRONMENT DIVISION
Environment Contains 2 sections.

Configuration Section

Input-Output section
Configuration section contains the following paragraphs.

SOURCE-COMPUTER

OBJECT-COMPUTER

SPECIAL-NAMES (Optional from COBOL 85)

Input-Output section contains the following paragraphs.

FILE-CONTROL

I-O CONTROL

ENVIRONMENT DIVISION
Machine dependant division of COBOL program. This division gives
information about the source computers on which programs are executed
and the results on which results are viewed. When the programs are
moved from 3270 terminal to another terminal, the only division that is
affected is environment division.
Input-Output section: This section contains information about the files to
be used in the program (FILE-CONTROL).

10

DATA DIVISION
It contains 3 sections (Important sections)
FILE SECTION
WORKING-STORAGE SECTION
LINKAGE SECTION
FILE SECTION:
Describes the record structure of the files..
WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
Declare temporary (working) variables. They will extinct as the
program execution
gets completed.
LINKAGE SECTION.
Receive data from the JCL OR from another program

11

PROCEDURE DIVISION
Program execution starts from this division.
Last statement in the COBOL program is STOP RUN.
STOP RUN returns the control to the operating system.

12

1. Literal: It is a constant and it can be numeric or Non-numeric

2. Numeric literal can hold 18 digits and non-numeric literal can hold
160 characters.
3. Literal stored in a named memory location is called as a variable or
Identifier
4. Figurative constant is a COBOL reserved word representing frequently
used constants
ZERO/ZEROES
QUOTE/QUOTES HIGH-VALUE/HIGH-VALUES
LOW-VALUE/LOW-VALUES
Example for Literal.
01
WS-DATE PIC X(10) VALUE 2010-10-22 .
WS-DATE is a variable ( Named memory location)
2010-10-22 is a literal.

13

Declaration of Variable.
Level #
Clause

Variable

PIC clause

Value Clause

Usage Clause

Sync

Example
01

WS-NAME

PIC X(30)

VALUE IBM MAINFRAME .

Level Number: 01
Variable: WS-NAME
PIC Clause: X(10)
Value Clause: IBM MAINFRAME (Literal Data).
What is LEVEL Number?
It specifies the hierarchy of data within a record. It can take a value from
the set of integers between 01-49 OR from the special level numbers
from 66, 77, 88.

14

LEVE
L#

Meaning

01

It may be either group OR an elementary

item.

02-49

Group OR elementary items within a

record. Group items must not have PIC
clause.

66

RENAMES clause.

77
Independent data item.
Examples:
88
Condition names.
01
WS-DATE.
05 WS-CCYY
PIC X(04).
05 FILLER
PIC X(01).
05 WS-MM
PIC X(02).
05 FILLER
PIC X(01).
05 WS-DD
PIC X(02).
WS-DATE is group item. Doesnt have PIC clause as the elementary
items under it have PIC clause.
WS-CCYY, WS-MM & WS-DD are elementary data items dependent on 01
level.
15

Example 2:
01 WS-ARRAY.
02 WS-STD-ID PIC 9(3).
02 WS-STD-MARKS.
05 WS-MATHS PIC 9(3) .
05 WS-CHEM
PIC 9(3) .
WS-ARRAY is Group item. ( NO PIC clause).
Rules for the Variable name:
Length = 30 chars; First letter should be alphabet. Hyphen is the
only special character allowed and it cannot be first or last letter of the
name.
Examples #1:
WS-STD-MARKS
COBOL Data types:
Numeric
9
Alphanumeric
X
Alphabetic
A
01 C1 PIC X(10).
01 C2 PIC 9(10)
77 C3 PIC A(10)
16

Memory units:
Bit
Nibble: 4 bits
Byte: 8 Bits
Half Word: 2 Bytes
Full Word: 4 Bytes
Double word: 8 Bytes
A,X,9 will take one Byte.
X(10) How many bytes? : 10 Bytes.
9(10) How many bytes? : 10 Bytes.
A
How many bytes? : 1 Byte.

17

DAY 2
COMPILE &
EXECUTION

18

EDIT
SHRDV04.SOURCE(PGM01) - 01.02
Command ===>
****** ***************************** Top of Data *********
000001
IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
000002
PROGRAM-ID. PGM01.
000003
PROCEDURE DIVISION.
000004
DISPLAY 'WELCOME TO COBOL'
000005
STOP RUN.
****** **************************** Bottom of Data *******

19

EDIT
SHRDV04.SOURCE(COBCOMP) - 01.04
Columns 00001 00072
Command ===>
Scroll ===> CSR
****** ***************************** Top of Data ******************************
000310 //SHRDV04C JOB (ACCINFO),('PROGRAMMER NM'),MSGCLASS=X,
000320 //
CLASS=A,MSGLEVEL=(1,1),NOTIFY=&SYSUID
000400 //JOBPROC JCLLIB ORDER=IBMUSER.ALL1
000500 //COBCL EXEC IGYWCL,
000600 //
PGMLIB=SHRDV04.LOADLIB,
--> LOADLIB NAME
000610 //
COPYLIB=SHRDV04.COPYLIB,
--> COPYLIB NAME
000700 //
GOPGM=PGM01
--> MEMBER NAME
000800 //COBOL.SYSIN DD DSN=SHRDV04.SOURCE(PGM01),DISP=SHR
****** **************************** Bottom of Data ****************************

20

COMPILE JCL
//SHRDV04C JOB (ACCINFO),('PROGRAMMER NM'),MSGCLASS=X,
//
CLASS=A,MSGLEVEL=(1,1),NOTIFY=&SYSUID
The first two lines are known as JOBCARD statements.
What is a JCL:
JCL: JOB CONTROL LANGUAGE. JCL statements are recognized by // in
the first two columns.
JCL Coding Sheet:
1-2: // 3-10: Name 11-15: Operation 16: Operands
Continuation character: 16th column
3rd column: * indicates that JCL statement is comment.
Syntax.
//JOBNAME JOB (ACCOUNTING INFO), (PROGRAMMER NAME), Key word
parameters
Two types of parameters.
1. Positional parameter
2. Keyword parameter
Positional Parameters: JOBNAME, ACCOUTING INFO, PROGRAMMER

21

COMPILE JCL contd..

//SHRDV04C JOB (ACCINFO),('PROGRAMMER NM'),MSGCLASS=X,
//
CLASS=A,MSGLEVEL=(1,1),NOTIFY=&SYSUID
MSGCLASS=? (? Can be 0-9 OR A-Z)
eg: MSGCLASS=X
MSGCLASS=0
MSGCLASS is coded with single alphanumeric character. Each message
class is mapped to device OR location where the messages are routed.
In general:
MSGCLASS=X (Routes all the messages to SDSF) (Spool Display
Screen Facility)
MSGCLASS=7 (Routes all the messages to SAR) (Sysout Archival and
Retrieval)
CLASS=? (? Can be 0-9 OR A-Z)
Every class is assigned one ore more initiators. The jobs are run in
initiator address space. One initiator can process one job at a time.
22

COMPILE JCL contd..

//SHRDV04C JOB (ACCINFO),('PROGRAMMER NM'),MSGCLASS=X,
//
CLASS=A,MSGLEVEL=(1,1),NOTIFY=&SYSUID
MSGLEVEL=(X,Y) (X Can be 0-2 & Y can be 0-1)
It is used to control the lists of information appear in the job log. To get
maximum information in the listing, code MSGLEVEL=(1,1)
X: Controls the statements
0: Only Job statements
1: JCL, JES statements with expanded procedures
2:Only JCL, JES statements
Y: Controls the messages.
0: only step execution messages
1: All JCL, JES, Operator and allocation messages.
NOTIFY
TSO user id to whom the JOB status should be notified.
NOTIFY=&SYSUID will send the notification to the user who submitted
23
the job.

COMPILE JCL contd..

//JOBPROC JCLLIB ORDER=IBMUSER.ALL1
//COBCL EXEC IGYWCL,
//
PGMLIB=SHRDV04.LOADLIB,
//
COPYLIB=SHRDV04.COPYLIB,
//
GOPGM=PGM01
JCLLIB ORDER:
This statement follows JOB statement. Catalogued procedures in the
JOB are searched in the PDS(s) mentioned against JCLLIB ORDER. If
they are not found here, they will be checked in the system procedure
libraries.
Syntax of PROC:
//DDNAME EXEC PROC=proc-name
OR
//DDNAME EXEC proc-name
Eg:
//COBCL EXEC IGYWCL,
Here PROC Name= IGYWCL.
24

COMPILE JCL contd..

//JOBPROC JCLLIB ORDER=IBMUSER.ALL1
//COBCL EXEC IGYWCL,
//
PGMLIB=SHRDV04.LOADLIB,
//
COPYLIB=SHRDV04.COPYLIB,
//
GOPGM=PGM01
Eg:
//COBCL EXEC IGYWCL,
Here PROC Name= IGYWCL.
IGYWCL should be searched in the PDS mentioned against JCLLIB
ORDER.
IGYWCL should be looked in IBMUSER.ALL1.
If IGYWCL is not found in IBMUSER.ALL1 and SYSTEM proc libraries then
there will be JCL ERROR with PROC NOT FOUND message.
Symbolic parameters:
//
PGMLIB=SHRDV04.LOADLIB,
//
COPYLIB=SHRDV04.COPYLIB,
//
GOPGM=PGM01

25

COMPILE JCL contd..

Enter the Dataset name.

Type m against the dataset name. ( m: To list members in the PDS).

Then Press Enter.

Type L member-name (L: Locate). L IGYWCL will locates the

member=IGYWCL. (Press Enter)

26

COMPILE JCL contd..

Type in V or E or B
V: View the member E: Edit the member
Press Enter

B: Browse the member.

//SHRDV04C JOB (ACCINFO),('PROGRAMMER NM'),MSGCLASS=X,

//
CLASS=A,MSGLEVEL=(1,1),NOTIFY=&SYSUID
//JOBPROC JCLLIB ORDER=IBMUSER.ALL1
//COBCL EXEC IGYWCL,
//
PGMLIB=SHRDV04.LOADLIB,
--> LOADLIB NAME
//
COPYLIB=SHRDV04.COPYLIB,
--> COPYLIB NAME
//
GOPGM=PGM01
--> MEMBER NAME
//COBOL.SYSIN DD DSN=SHRDV04.SOURCE(PGM01),DISP=SHR
**************************** Bottom of Data ****************************
SYSIN: Input program.

27

COMPILE JCL contd..

COBOL Compiler: IGYCRCTL
Input: Source Program
Output: Object Module
COBOL Link Editor: IEWL
Input: Object Module
Output: Load Module
Load module is executable module which will be supplied to RUNJCL to
get the results.
Machine can understand load modules but not source program (High
level Language).
How to compile programs.

28

COMPILE JCL contd..

How to compile programs.
Mention correct program name, Source PDS name.
Type SUB on the primary command line. Press Enter.

Below message will appear, which contains

Job ID: Here it is JOB05617. Then press enter.

29

COMPILE JCL contd..

Below message will appear.
JOBID: JOB05617 ended at MAXCC=4.
MAXCC: Maximum Condition Code. Now go to SPOOL. Type in S;ST.
Press Enter.

30

COMPILE JCL contd..

Go to the Latest JOBNAME. OR by looking at the JOB ID. (Use TAB). Type
? Against the JOBNAME which you want to browse through. Press enter.

Type S (Show the details of the DDName). Press enter.

31

To read all the messages page by page, use PF8

PF11 GO to RIGHT
PF10 GO TO LEFT
M PF8 GO TO the LAST line.
M PF7 go to the TOP Page
PF3 exit from the current panel.

32

SHRDV04.SOURCE(COBRUN) - 01.02

Columns 00001 00072

===>
Scroll ===> CSR
***************************** Top of Data ******************************
//SHRDV04R JOB ,,MSGCLASS=X,CLASS=A,MSGLEVEL=(1,1),NOTIFY=&SYSUID
//RUN EXEC PGM=PGM01
--> MEMBER NAME
//STEPLIB DD DSN=SHRDV04.LOADLIB,DISP=SHR
--> LOADLIB NAME
//SYSPRINT DD SYSOUT=*
//SYSOUT
DD SYSOUT=*
//*DD1 DD DSN=IBMUSER.VSAM.RRDS,DISP=SHR
//*DD2 DD DSN=IBMUSER.SEQ.FILE1,DISP=SHR
//SYSIN DD DUMMY
**************************** Bottom of Data ****************************

33

Similarly SUB the COBRUN (RUN JCL).

34

This program is used to display sum of Two numbers.

35

***************************** Top of Data **********

IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID. PGM02.
DATA DIVISION.
WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
01 WS-A PIC 9(2) VALUE 20.
01 WS-B PIC 9(2) VALUE 80.
01 WS-C PIC 9(3) VALUE 0.
PROCEDURE DIVISION.
COMPUTE WS-C = WS-A + WS-B
DISPLAY 'WS-A:' WS-A
'WS-B:' WS-B
DISPLAY 'WS-C:' WS-C
STOP RUN.
**************************** Bottom of Data ********
This program is used to display sum of Two numbers.
Result:
WS-A: 20 WS-B: 80
WS-C: 100

36

IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID. PGM03.
DATA DIVISION.
WORKING-STORAGE SECTION.
01 WS-A PIC 9(2) VALUE 20.
01 WS-B PIC 9(2) VALUE 80.
01 WS-C PIC 9(2) VALUE 0.
PROCEDURE DIVISION.
COMPUTE WS-C = WS-A + WS-B
ON SIZE ERROR DISPLAY 'SIZE ERROR'.
DISPLAY 'WS-A:' WS-A 'WS-B:' WS-B
DISPLAY 'WS-C:' WS-C
STOP RUN.
**************************** Bottom of Data *******************
Result looks like below:

37

PGM04 is attached here with.

To find the biggest of the given three numbers.
PGM04.txt

C ALL PGM03 PGM04

Change ALL command is used to replace all PGM03 strings to
PGM04.

38

PGM04 is attached here with.

To find the biggest of the given three numbers.
PGM04.txt

See the result below.

39

What is LIST PF9 OR SWAP BAR command?

LIST PF9 is used to list and swap between the active screens. Type LIST on
primary command then press F9 function key.

Two active panels are available. They are ID# 2 & ID # 1. Here 2* says
40
that it is the active panel. To swap among the active screens/panels.

Here S is chosen against ID# 1.

Alternatively I can swap among the active screens by using the
following command.
Screen Number PF9
Eg: 1 PF9 ( will show the Screen #1)
8 PF9 ( will show the Screen #8)

41

SAREA ( Screen AREA is used to

displays this information).
It shows the Screen Number: 1

42