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Lecture 7
Lecture 7
Learning Objectives
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Learning Objectives
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Intergroup Conflict
Functional Conflict
Dysfunctional Conflict
A confrontation
between groups that
enhances and benefits
the organizations
performance.
Any confrontation or
interaction between
groups that harms the
organization or hinders
the achievement of
organizational goals.
Probable
Impact on
Organization
Organization
Characterized by
Situation I
Low or none
Dysfunctional
- Slow adaptation to
environmental changes
- Few changes
- Little simulation of ideas
Low
Situation II
Optimal
Functional
High
Situation III
High
Dysfunctional
- Disruption
Level of
Organizational
Performance
Low
Stages of Conflict
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Perceived Conflict
The first stage of the conflict process. Perceived
conflict exists when there is a cognitive
awareness on the part of at least one party that
events have occurred or that conditions exist
favorable to creating overt conflict.
Stages of Conflict
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Felt Conflict
The second stage of conflict which includes
emotional involvement. It is felt in the form of
anxiety, and/or hostility.
Manifest Conflict
The final stage in conflict. At this stage, the
conflicting parties are actively engaging in conflict
behavior, which is usually very apparent to
noninvolved parties.
McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1999
Reciprocal
Group
Group
A
A
Group
Group
B
B
Group
Group
A
A
Group
Group
B
B
Work Interdependence
Pooled Interdependence
Requires no interaction among groups because each group,
in effect, performs separately.
Sequential Interdependence
Requires one group to complete its task before another
group can complete its task.
Reciprocal Interdependence
Requires the output of each group to serve as input to other
groups in the organization.
McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1999
Goal Differences
Mutually Exclusive Goals
Groups with mutually exclusive goals can find themselves in
conflict.
Limited Resources
When limited resources must be allocated between groups,
mutual dependencies increase and any differences in goals
become apparent.
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Perceptual Differences
Status Incongruency
Conflicts concerning the relative status of different
groups are common.
Inaccurate Perceptions
Often cause one group to develop stereotypes about
other groups.
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- Distorted Perceptions
- Emphasis on Loyalty
- Negative Stereotyping
- Decreased Communication
- Focus on Activity
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Problem
Solving
Accommodating
External
Focus
Compromising
Low
Avoiding
Dominating
Low
High
Internal Focus
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Stimulating
Competition
Making Use of
Programmed
Conflict
Altering the
Organizations
Structure
McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1999
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Negotiations Defined
Negotiations may be viewed as a process in
which two or more parties attempt to reach
acceptable agreement in a situation
characterized by some level of disagreement.
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Second Element
Third Element
Fourth Element
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Promoting a Constructive
Climate
Obtaining Procedural
Flexibility
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Mediation
Allowing a neutral third party to act as a
facilitator through the application of reasoning,
suggestion, and persuasion.
Arbitration
Is where the third party has the power
(authority) to impose an agreement.
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Conciliation
Occurs where the third party is someone who is
trusted by both sides and services primarily as a
communication link between the disagreeing
parties.
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