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Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 1999.

 
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boosting stumps

10
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boosting C4.5
boosting C4.5


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4:1/0.23,4/0.22

3:5/0.18,3/0.17

0:6/0.22,0/0.22

7:9/0.20,7/0.19

3:5/0.29,3/0.29

9:9/0.15,4/0.15

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3:3/0.19,5/0.17

9:9/0.20,7/0.17

9:9/0.25,7/0.22

4:4/0.22,1/0.19

7:7/0.20,9/0.18

5:5/0.20,3/0.17

4:4/0.18,9/0.15

4:4/0.20,9/0.17

4:1/0.27,4/0.17

5:0/0.26,5/0.17

7:4/0.25,9/0.18

1:9/0.15,7/0.15

2:0/0.29,2/0.19

9:7/0.25,9/0.17

2:3/0.27,2/0.19

8:2/0.30,8/0.21

4:1/0.27,4/0.18

3:5/0.28,3/0.28

9:7/0.19,9/0.19

4:1/0.23,4/0.23

4:1/0.21,4/0.20

4:9/0.16,4/0.16

9:9/0.17,4/0.17

7:7/0.20,9/0.20

8:8/0.18,6/0.18

4:4/0.19,1/0.19

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4:4/0.18,9/0.16

4:4/0.21,1/0.18

7:7/0.24,9/0.21

9:9/0.25,7/0.22

4:4/0.19,9/0.16

9:9/0.20,7/0.17

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4:1/0.26,4/0.19

7:2/0.22,3/0.18

4:4/0.19,9/0.16 9:9/0.16,4/0.14

4:1/0.23,4/0.22

4:1/0.21,4/0.20

9:9/0.17,4/0.17

9:9/0.19,7/0.18

9:9/0.19,4/0.19

2:0/0.23,6/0.18

0:6/0.20,5/0.15

8:2/0.20,3/0.20

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