Collections of Myanma Traditional Medicines

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z WEEKLY ELEVEN NEWS NO.16, VOL.1 wGifyg0ifaomowif;aqmif;yg; *
z WEEKLY ELEVEN NEWS NO.16, VOL.1 wGifyg0ifaomowif;aqmif;yg;ESifhywfoufí i
z aq;ukdtvGeftrif;pm;oHk;rdygvQif #
z txl;rSwfcsuf #
z rSwfpk&Sif\trSmpm !
z wkdif;&if;aq;a0g[m&ESifhodzG,f (t"dyÜm,f) P
(1) plvmezmESifhaq;enf;aq;yifr sm; (1) - om*'dk; 1
1/ plvmezmESifh aysmufuif;aoma&m*grsm; ... 1
2/ uGrf;½GufESifh aysmufuif;aoma&m*grsm; ... 1
(1) ESvkH;a&m*g (Heart Attack) 1
(2) rsufpda&m*g? a&wdrfa&m*g ... 1
(3) em;xdkif;? em;av;a&m*g ... 1
(4) acgif;ukdufrsm;wJha&m*g ... 2
(5) vdyfacgif;ESifh vdyfacgif;aoG;,dkqif;a&m*g ... 2
(6) tmacgiftzka&m*g? vQmemusifylavmifa&m*g? oGm;zkH;ckH;xem ... 2
(7) vdyfacgif;aysmufaq;enf; (ae0if;vef'efpmtkyfrS) 2
(8) a,musfm;tlusa&m*g ... 2
3/ ajcz0g;qm;yGwfjcif;ESifh aysmufuif;aoma&m*grsm; ... 2
(1) ajcz0g;qm;yGwfenf; ... 2
(2) aysmufuif;aoma&m*grsm; ... 2
4/ tpmpm;pOf jzpfwwfwJh rl;wl;wl;? qkdYwkdYwkdYa&m*g (tpmqkdY? aoG;qkdY? avqkdY) ... 3
5/ ajcuGJemESifh anmifap; ... 3
6/ aeYpOf tpmtqdyfawG ajzMuyg (xef;vsuf) ... 3
7/ rsufESmwGefYwm? ta&;taMumif;jzpfwm aysmufenf; ... 3
8/ tonf;a&m*gESifh a&zsOf;a&m*g jzpfjcif; ... 3
9/ ESm&nfpdk&TJa&m*g? ESmacgif;a&m*gESifh qm;a&aEG;jzwfoef;enf; ... 3
10/ tqdyfoifhjcif;? "mwfrwnfhjcif;ESifh wif;wdyf ... 4
11/ toufBuD;olrsm; pm;r0if? tdyfraysmfa&m*gESifh av&SLjcif;? avpm;jcif; ... 4
12/ yufvufbdkifpu,fpD;jcif;ESifh ajcaxmuftjrifhwGifxm;jcif; ... 4
13/ qD;csKd? aoG;csKda&m*gESifh eHYomeDrIefY? qefaq;&nf ... 5
...1...
rmwdum
14/ ukef;aA'gESifh a>rqdyfajz ... 5
15/ ÓmPf&nfwufzdkY jrif;cGm½Guf ... 5
16/ jrif;cGm½Guf aq;zuf0ifykH ... 5
17/ jrif;cGm½Guf&om,e (touf&Snf) aq; 6
18/ tonf;a&m*g? bDykd;? qD;csKdwkdYESifh awmifqD;jzLyif ... 7
19/ rarmatmifawmifwufenf;? c&D;a0;avQmufenf; ... 7
20/ temrD;ESifh ausmufrD;aoG; ... 7
21/ tbdk;BuD;rsm; armarmae&if tkef;ESJ (= OESJ = OEéJ) ½Gufaomuf ... 7
22/ acsmif;qdk;? yef;emESifh &J,dkoD;? ysm;&nf ... 7
23/ urÇmYenf;vrf; udk,fwdkifprf; ... 7
(2) plvmezmESifhaq;enf;aq;yifr sm; (2) - om*'dk; 9
1/ aq;bk&ifplvmezmESifh aysmufuif;aoma&m*grsm; ... 9
2/ onf;ajcxJu ausmufaMuenf;ESifh rJZvDtjrpf? tkef;&nf ... 9
3/ qD;vGefjcif;ESifh cHwuf½Guf ... 9
4/ iSufzsm;ESifh &Sdef;cdk? uGrf;½Guf? aeZmjruf? Muyfcdk; ... 9
5/ wyifEdkifjreef;ESifh uifqm ... 9
6/ wpfudk,fvHk; qm;yGwfjcif;ESifh udk,fwGif;"mwfaiGU oefYpifenf; ... 10
7/ qm;ESifh tzsm;a&m*g ... 10
8/ ausmufz½kHoD;ESifh aoewf'Pf&m ... 10
9/ &Sm;apmif;vufyyfeJY vnfyif;BuD;a&m*g ... 10
10/ plvmezmESifh vnfyif;BuD;a&m*g ... 11
11/ puúLyef;ESifh aoG;wkd;a&m*g ... 11
12/ acgif;avmif;yef;ESifh ESvkH;a&m*g ... 11
13/ aqmif;ESif;&nfESifh taMuma&m*g ... 11
14/ ysm;&nfESifh yifv,ftlem0rf;avQm .... 11
15/ yifpdrf;ESifh t&ufjzwfaq; ... 11
16/ tlaq;jcif;ESifh ESvkH;a&m*g ... 11
17/ 'defcsOfESifh qD;csKd? uifqm ... 12
18/ wifyg;tem*syfjym;BuD;eJY refusnf;½GufMuyfxkyf ... 12
19/ plvmezmESifh uefYuvm (*efY*vm) jcm;em;csuf ... 12
20/ uefYuvmESifh ywfoufí ... 12
21/ rsufESmrS rSJUuGuf? rSJUrnf;BuD;rsm;ESifh vufonf;? aq;vdyfrS jym ... 12
...2...
rmwdum
22/ avwGef;tm;enf;yg;aomaMumifh 0rf;csKyf? 0rf;usyf ESifh AkdufavhusifhcPf; ... 13
23/ uGrf;½GufeJY om;tdrfuifqm ... 13
24/ uefpGef;½kd;teDESifh aoG;yspfa&m*g ... 13
25/ 0JESif;claysufaq; ... 13
26/ <uufEkdYaysmufenf; ... 14
(3) usef;usef;rmrmtouf ... 100? pmtkyf (1) - armifarmifvdIif (tyfpdkufuk) 15
1/ bmomjyefol\ trSmpm... 15
2/ rodvkdUao&wmyg... 15
3/ tav;tyifrwJhtvkyfawG rvkyfygeJYaemf? ESvkH;aoG;aMumydwfa&m*gawG jzpfEdkifygw,f ... 15
4/ odyÜHynm&SifawGtBuHjyKwhJ rdepf0uf(3)rsKd; ... 15
5/ rdepf0ufokH;rsKd;u umuG,fEldifonfh a&m*grsm; ... 15
6/ odyÜHynm&SifawG tBuHjyKwhJ em&D0uf(3)rsKd; ... 16
7/ em&D0uf okH;rsKd;u umuG,fEkdifwJh a&m*grsm; ... 16
8/ usef;rmapzdkY enf;vrf;wus pm;aomufyg ... 16
9/ usef;rmapzdkY oifhawmfwJh tm;upm;vkyfyg ... 17
10/ usef;rmapzdkY aq;vdyfjzwf? t&ufavQmhyg ... 17
11/ usef;rmapzdkY pdwfaeoabmxm;rQwyg ... 17
12/ pdwfom t"du? aq;0g;u 'kwd, ... 18
13/ pdwfcsrf;om r*Fvm (8)yg;aq; ... 18
14/ tzdk;wefaom 'óepmpkrsm; ... 18
15/ uAsm Oayu©m ... 19
(4) usef;usef;rmrmtouf ... 100? pmtkyf (2) - armifarmifvdIif (tyfpdkufuk) 21
1/ urÇmhusef;rma&;tzGJUcsKyfaqmifyk'f ... 21
2/ usef;rma&;twGuf aomufp&mt&nf (6)rsKd; ... 21
3/ ESvkH;tckef&yfapjcif; taMumif;&if; ... 21
4/ vlü&dSaom tjrifh (3)yg; ... 21
5/ yef;*sKHrSm&dSaom tcs (3)yg; ... 21
6/ yef;*sKHpm;wJhvlrSm rjzpfwJha&m*g ... 21
7/ ajratmufOawGrSm&dSaom pkyf,ljcif; (3)yg; ... 21
8/ ajratmufOpm;wJhvlrSm rjzpfwJha&m*g ... 22
9/ auGumtkwfaMumifh tqDeJY aoG;wkd;us ... 22
10/ yJEdkYu umuG,fwJha&m*g ... 22
...3...
rmwdum
11/ rkefvmOeDu umuG,fwJha&m*g ... 22
12/ a&Tz½kHoD;u umuG,fwJha&m*g ... 22
13/ Muuf[if;cg;oD;u umuG,fwJha&m*g ... 22
14/ c&rf;csOfoD;u umuG,fwJha&m*g ... 22
15/ MuufoGefjzLu umuG,fwJha&m*g ... 22
16/ tufpy&if (Aspirin) awG ... raomufMuygeJYawmh ... 23
17/ <uufem;½GufrdIu umuG,fwJha&m*g ... 23
18/ aoG;yspfcRJwwfwJh vlwef;pm; ... 23
19/ pdrf;jyma&nd§ (Spirulina) u umuG,fay;wJha&m*g ... 23
20/ &,farmjcif;\ tusKd;oufa&mufrI ... 24
(5) jrefr mhaq;NrD;wkdr sm; - ae0if; (vef'ef) 25
1/ <uufEkdYaysmufaq;enf;ESifh cHwufacguf ... 25
2/ acgif;ukduf? ZufaMumwuf? rsuf½kd;ukkdufaysmufaq;enf; ... 25
3/ acgif;rl;aysmufaq;ESifh ysm;&nf? oHyk&m&nf ... 25
4/ csKdif;eHYaysmufaq;ESifh xkH;a&Munf ... 25
5/ acsmif;qkd;yef;emESifh rJZvD½Guf (ayG;ukdif;½Guf)? t&uf ... 25
6/ ajczrkd;a&mif&rf;jcif;ESifh ½Gufusyifayguf ... 25
7/ ajcz0g;tom;rm? uGJtuf? emusifjcif;ESifh qD ... 26
8/ iSufzsm;a&m*gaysmufaq;enf;? aq;cg;BuD; ... 26
9/ iSufzsm;a&m*gESifh *kH;cg; ... 26
10/ iSufzsm;a&m*gESifh uGrf;½Guf? 'eYfovGef½Guf?aq;½GufBuD; ... 26
11/ qHyifjzL? qHyifuRwfaysmufaq;? iSufaysm ... 26
12/ qD;ausmufwnfa&m*gESifh oHrEdkif? ausmufrEkdif ... 26
13/ qD;ausmufwnfa&m*gESifh qD;jzLoD;? eEGif;? ysm;&nf ... 26
14/ qD;ausmufwnfa&m*gESifh xdu½Hk; ... 26
15/ qD;csKdaysmufaq; ... uif;ykH½Guf ... 27
16/ wdkufzGdKuf (tla&mifief;zsm;) a&m*gESifh yJ&mZm (ac:) yJeDav; ... 27
17/ ZufaMumwufa&m*gESifh a&SmufoD; ... 27
18/ wif;wdyfESifh tkef;rIwfcGH ... 27
19/ wif;wdyfESihf 'EÅokc ... 27
20/ wkyfauG;aysmufaq;? uGrf;½GufESifhtjcm; ... 27
21/ xdckduf? yGef;yJh'Pf&mrsm;ESifh &cdkifiSufaysmoD; ... 27
...4...
rmwdum
22/ xdckduf&SemESifh uGrf;pm;xkH; ... 27
23/ xdyfcwfemESifh r½dk;yif^ ig;jzLBuD;yif ... 28
24/ 'lvm? rD;,yfa&m*gESifh ausmufz½kHoD;? xef;vsuf ... 28
25/ 'lvm? rD;,yfESifh MuufoGefeD? xef;vsuf? refusnf;oD;rSnfh ... 28
26/ 'l;acgif;ESihf tqpftjrpfudkufESifh wrmaphtajcmuf ... 28
27/ em;ydk;aumif0ifESifh qm;&nfMunf ... 28
28/ em;jynf,dkemESifh [if;*vm½Guf ... 29
29/ em;tl? em;avxGufESifh aMumifvQmoD;? aMumifvQm½Guf ... 29
30/ aemufaMumwufjcif;ESifh &Sdef;cdk? xef;vsuf ... 29
31/ ESvkH;aoG;aMumusOf;jcif;ESifh oHyk&moD; ... 29
32/ ESmacgif;ydwfa&m*gESifh MuufoGefjzL ... 29
33/ ESmacgif;aoG;,dkESifh oabmFoD;? oMum; ... 29
34/ yef;em&ifusyf? azma&mifjcif;ESifh yHpif;ikH ... 29
35/ yef;em&ifusyfESifh a&Smuf? t&uf? ysm;&nf ... 29
36/ ayG;? ,m;emESihf ydEJétap; ... 29
37/ zaESmifh½dk;twufxGufjcif;ESifh qm;? uGrf;½Guf ... 30
38/ rD;,yfjzLqif;jcif;ESifh zvHawmifa0S;yif ... 30
39/ rD;,yfaoG;qkH;ESifh &Sm;apmif;vufyyfcsufaq; ... 30
40/ rsufpdpGefaysmufenf;? ajcz0g;qm;yGwf ... 30
41/ rsufpd,m;jcif;ESifh qm;Muyfxkyf ... 30
42/ a&aEG;ylavmifjcif;ESifh oGm;wkdufaq; ... 31
43/ a&zsOf;a&m*g ... 31
44/ a&,kefESifh csuft&uf ... 31
45/ avief;? avjzwfaysmufaq;enf; ... 31
46/ avema&m*gESifh qm;rD;zkwf? eEGif;rIefY ... 32
47/ aoG;wkd;? ausmufuyf? ESvkH;aoG;aMumusOf;ESifh avmufao½Guf ... 32
48/ iSufzsm;ESifh avmufao½Guf ... 32
49/ 0Jajcmuf? ,m;emESifh oyGwfcg;oD;? Muuf[if;cg;½Guf ... 32
50/ 0JESif;clajcmufESifh wrm? uGrf;½Guf ... 32
51/ 0JESif;cltpdkESifh qD;jzLoD;? 'kw¬m ... 33
52/ 0ufjcHaysmufaq;enf;rsm; ... 33
53/ 0rf;udkufa&m*gaysmufaq;enf;rsm; ... 33
54/ 0rf;rSef0rf;EIwfaq; ... 33
...5...
rmwdum
55/ 0rf;avQma&m*gaysmufaq;enf;rsm; ... 33
56/ 0rf;rSefawaq;ausmf (eef;wGif;okH;) ... 33
57/ ovdyfuyfacsmif;qdk;ESifh yifpdrf;? a&Smuf? xef;vsuf ... 34
58/ oefcsaq;ESifh oabmFaph 34
59/ ouf&Snfusef;rmaq;enf; (1) 34
60/ ouf&Snfusef;rmaq;enf; (2) 34
61/ tzktusdwf? oufwHhESifh &cdkifiSufaysmoD; ... 35
62/ oGm;udkufa&m*gaysmufaq;enf;/ rmvumacguf? eEGif; ... 35
63/ oGm;a&m*gESifh iydvufav;opf ... 35
64/ aoG;tH? aoG;oufESifh c&rf;csOfoD; ... 35
65/ aoG;uifqmaysmufaq;enf;ESif rD;uGif;*rkef; ... 35
66/ aoG;wkd;ESihf awmqD;jzL (0g) a&qD;jzL ... 35
67/ aoG;wkd;ESifh eEGif;cg;? ysm;&nf ... 36
68/ aoG;wkd;ESifh puúLyef; ... 36
69/ aoG;wkd;? tom;0g? tonf;a&mifESifh qD;jzLoD;? zefcg;oD; ... 36
70/ tpmtdrfa&m*gESihf oabmFoD;rSnfh ... 36
71/ tpmtdrfa&m*gESihf oabmF½Guftpdrf;? EG,fcsKd ... 36
72/ tpmtdrfa&m*gESifh eEGif;pdrf;O? ysm;&nf ... 36
73/ tpmtdrfa&m*gESihf eEGif;rIefY? uGrf;pm;xkH; ... 36
74/ temrD;? tempufESifh ½Gufusyifayguf ... 36
75/ t½kd;usKd;? t½kd;tuf? tqpfvGJESifh qifwkH;rEG,ft½Guf ... 37
76/ tom;uGJ? tom;ywfESifh &Sm;apmif;vufyyf ... 37
77/ tom;0ga&m*gESifh pyg;vif ... 37
78/ tom;0g? tonf;a&mifa&m*gESifh 'ef;BuD;yif ... 37
79/ tmoD;a&mif (yoda&mif) ESifh ysOf;awmfodrf½Guf ... 37
80/ tufppfylavmifjcif;ESifh uGrf;½GufoMum; ... 37
½Guf? acguf? jrpf? oD; aq;enf;(1000)?
(6) 39
wkdif;&if;jrefr mtdr fokH;aq;rsm; - OD;vScif (qef;ñGefYO D;)
1/ c½koif;ESifh BudwfrSef½Guf? zefcg; ... 39
2/ ptkd0,m;jcif;ESifh BudwfrSef½Guf ... 39
3/ cHwGif;ysufjcif;ESifh BudwfrSef½Guf,dk ... 39
4/ ]]BudwfrSef½Guf,kd}} aq;jzifh aysmufuif;Ekdifaoma&m*grsm; ... 39
...6...
rmwdum
5/ BudwfrSef½Guf vufokyf ... 39
6/ acgif;ukdufjcif;ESifh eEGif;rIefY? eHYomjzL ... 39
7/ acgif;ukdufjcif;ESifh oHyk&m&nfaph ... 39
8/ iSufzsm;ESifh aMumifyef;½Guf ... 40
9/ iSufzsm;a&m*gESifh jrif;cGm½Guf? i½kwfaumif; ... 40
10/ iSufzsm;ESifh jrif;cGg? yifpdrf;? i½kwfaumif; ... 40
11/ qD;usef? qD;enf;? qD;atmifhjcif;? jrif;cGm? oMum; ... 40
12/ qD;yl? qD;enf;? qD;aoG;ygjcif;ESifh 'EÅokc ... 40
13/ qD;csKyfjcif;ESifh MuufoGefeD ... 40
14/ qD;wpfpuf? wpfpufusjcif;ESifh MuufoGefeD... 40
15/ qD;atmifh (ausmufwnf) jcif;ESifh xdu½kH;tjrpf ... 40
16/ qifclvnfjywfem ... 40
17/ n§if;aygufvQifESifh BudwfrSef½Guf ... 40
18/ ÓmPfaumif;ap&ef (owd? ynmtm;wkd;aq;) ESifh jrif;cGm½Guf? ESrf;qD ... 40
19/ wif;wdyfESifh 'EÅokc... 41
20/ xdyfuyfemESifh BudwfrSef½Guf ... 41
21/ em;udkufjcif;ESifh MuufoGefeD... 41
22/ em;avxGufjcif;ESifh w½kwfpum;yGifh ... 41
23/ em;tlavxGufjcif;ESifh oabFm½Guf ... 41
24/ ESvkH;wkefjcif;ESifh jrif;cGm½Guf? qifwkef;rEG,f ... 41
25/ ESvkH;a&m*gESifh BudwfrSef½Guf,kdaq; ... 41
26/ ESmap;acsmif;qkd; ... 41
27/ ESmydwf? ESmacgif;teUHr&jcif; ... 41
28/ yef;emESifh ausmufz½kHcg;oD; ... 41
29/ yef;emESifh qD;jzLoD;... 41
30/ yef;emESifh aMumifvQmyiftacguf... 41
31/ yef;em&ifusyf'd|aysmufaq;ESifh oabFmoD;... 42
32/ ayG;? 0J?,m;emESifh MuufoGefjzLOwpfvkH; ... 42
33/ raemr,&aohBuD;ODcEÅDenf; (oraxmysm;ayG;) ... 42
34/ rD;avmifemESifh iSufaysmoD;rSnfh... 42
35/ rD;avmifemESifh BudwfrSef? yifpdrf; ... 42
36/ rD;avmifemaMumifhtrm&GwfjzLESifh BudwfrSef½Guf ... 42
37/ ,m;emESifh ca&yGifh? jrif;cGm½Guf ... 42
...7...
rmwdum
38/ a&,kefemESifh uif;ykH½Guf ... 43
39/ &ifwkefarmyef;jcif;ESifh a&Smuf? xef;vsuf ... 43
40/ avief;a&m*gESifh &Sm;apmif;? qifwkH;? ysm;&nf ... 43
41/ taMuma&m*gESifh BudwfrSef½Gufvufokyf ... 43
42/ tpmtdrfa&m*gESifh iSufaysmoD;tpdrf; 43
43/ tpmtdrfa&m*gESifh eEGif;O? ysm;&nf ... 43
44/ temaygufvQif ... 43
45/ trm&Gwfaysmufap&ef ... 43
46/ touf&Snfaq;ESifh BudwfrSef½Guf... 43
47/ touf&Snfaq;ESifh jrif;cGm½Guf... 43
48/ touf&SnfEkysKdap&ef qD;jzL? zefcg; ... 44
49/ tlusa&m*gESifh ]]BudwfrSef½Guf,kd}} aq; ... 44
(7) rD;zkdacsmifr Saq;pGr f;aumif;rsm; (yxrwGJ) .../ - OD;vScif (qef;ñGefYO D;) 45
1/ MuufoGefjzLESifh aoG;wkd;a&m*g ... 45
2/ MuufoGefjzLESifh vnfyif;BuD;a&m*g ... 45
3/ MuufoGefjzLESifh ayG;0J,m;em ... 45
4/ tm;wkd;aq;ESifh MuufoGefeDaph ... 45
5/ qD;rsm;ap&efESifh MuufoGefeD ... 45
6/ qD;wpfpufwpfpufusjcif;ESifh MuufoGefeD ... 45
7/ vdyfacgif;aoG;ygESifh MuufoGefeD ... 45
8/ BudKUxkd;aysmufaq;enf; ... 45
9/ atmhtHjcif;? BudKUxkd;jcif;ESifh MuufoGefeD? csif; ... 45
10/ acsmif;qkd;&ifusyfaysmufaq;enf; ... 45
11/ tpmtdrfa&m*gESifh eEGif;O? ysm;&nf ... 46
12/ ESmacgif;aoG;,kdESifh oHyk&moD; ... 46
13/ vnfacsmif;a&m*gESifh oHyk&m&nf? ysm;&nf ... 46
14/ rufuavmifa&m*gESifh Muuf[if;cg;½Guf ... 46
15/ qD;ylusOfatmifhESifh ausmufz½kHoD; 46
16/ 'lvmoa&mESifh ausmufz½kHoD; ... 46
17/ yef;em? avemESifh ausmufz½kHoD; ... 46
18/ toH0if? toHuyf? vnfacsmif;emESifh 'efovGefjrpf ... 46
19/ 'lvmoa&mESifh qD;jzLoD;? eEGif;O ... 46
...8...
rmwdum
20/ qifajcaxmufa&m*gESifh acG;v,m;jrpf ... 46
21/ om;tdrfavQmemESifh acG;v,m;jrpf ... 47
22/ b&if*sDem (*&if*sDem) ESifh [if;Eke,f ... 47
23/ jrif;cGm½Gufaq;ESifh a&m*gpkH ... 47
24/ 0ufjcHaygufjcif;ESifh jrif;cGm½Guf ... 47
25/ BudwfrSef½Gufawaq;ESifh aysmufuif;aoma&m*grsm; ... 47
26/ BudwfrSef½GufESifh tpmvnf;aq;? aq;vnf;tpm ... 47
27/ ESif;clESifh 'EÅokc 48
28/ qD;yl? qD;enf;? aoG;ygESifh 'EÅokc 48
(8) rD;zkdacsmifrSaq;pGrf;aumif;rsm; ('kwd,wGJ) .../ - OD;vScif (qef;ñGefYOD;) 49
1/ qD;csKyf? qD;atmifhESifh uñGwfO ... 49
2/ ausmufwnfa&m*gESifh uñGwfO ... 49
3/ rD;,yfa&m*gESifh uñGwfO ... 49
4/ aoG;wkd;a&m*gESifh c&myif ... 49
5/ vQmem (cHwGif;ysufjcif;) ESifh c&rf;csOfoD; ... 49
6/ cHwGif;ysuf (vQmem) ESifh *kHrif; ... 49
7/ qifajcaxmufa&m*gESifh r½dk;yif (ijzLBuD;) ... 49
8/ wif;wdyfESifh ijzLBuD;tap; ... 49
9/ temaygufaq;ESifh ijzLBuD;tap; ... 50
10/ tm;aq;ESifh iSufaysmoD;zD;Murf; ... 50
11/ tom;0gESifh pyg;vif ... 50
12/ &aohBuD;OD;cEÅD\ (96)yg;aq; ... 50
13/ qD;csKyf? qD;atmifhESifh w½kwfpum;yGifh ... 50
14/ vQmyGwfaq; (cHwGif;ysufa&m*g) ESifh w½kwfpum;yGifh ... 50
15/ qifwkH;rEG,fcsufaq; (ÓmPf&SdovkdokH;) ... 50
16/ rD;,yfjzLESifh qifwkH;rEG,f ... 50
17/ ESvkH;wkefjcif;? pdwfacsmufjcm;jcif;ESifh qifwkH;rEG,f? jrif;cGm½Guf ... 50
18/ udk,fa&0ga&m*g (tom;0g) ESifh qifwkH;rEG,ft½Guf? 'defcsOf ... 50
19/ qifclvnfjywfESifh qifwkH;rEG,f ... 50
20/ xkHepdka&m*gESifh qifwkH;rEG,f ... 51
21/ avief;ESifh qifwkH;rEG,f? &Sm;apmif;vufyyf? ysm;&nf ... 51
22/ rD;,yfydefvsufqm;ESifh qifwkH;rEG,f ... 51
...9...
rmwdum
23/ ava&m*gESifh qD;oD; ... 51
24/ rsufpda&m*gESifh wrmoD; ... 51
25/ qD;a&m*gESifh wrmoD; ... 51
26/ jrif;o½dkufem\ vu©Pm ... 51
27/ &Sm;apmif;vufywfESifh a&m*gtrsKd;rsKd; ... 51
28/ 'lvm? rD;,yftm;wdk;aq;ESifh &Sm;apmif;vufyyf ... 52
29/ wnif;oD;qm;pdrf&nfESifh qD;csKda&m*g... 52
30/ (96)yg;aq;BuD;ESifh xef;vsuf? MuufoGef ... 52
31/ yef;emaq;ESifh MuufoGefeD? yifpdrf;? xef;vsuf ... 53
32/ ausmufwnfa&m*gESifh ukef;xdu½kef; ... 53
33/ vdyfacgif;jrif;o½kdufemESifh ukef;xdu½kH; ... 53
34/ qD;vGefa&m*gESifh ukef;xdu½kH; ... 53
35/ ESif;claysmufaq;ESifh ukef;xdu½kH; ... 53
36/ tazmusaq;ESifh ukef;xdu½kH; ... 53
37/ temyqkyfESifh xdu½kH; ... 53
38/ 0NzKd;vSyapaomaxmywfaq; ... 53
39/ aoG;tm;wkd;aq;BuD;ESifh axmywf ... 53
40/ touf&Snfawaq;BuD;ESifh axmywf ... 53
41/ tdyfraysmfjcif;ESifh axmywf ... 54
(9) aq;NrD;wkda&mifj cnf (1) - eu©wåa&mifj cnfr *¾Zif;? pmwnf;tzJGU 55
1/ oGm;zkH;a&mifESifh xkH; ... 55
2/ rkwfa&m*g? abmBuD;a&m*gESifh 'DZ,fqD? ESrf;qD ... 55
3/ oGm;udkufa&m*gESifh &J,kdoD;jym ... 55
4/ ,m;em? wif;wdyf? 0JESif;clESifh oyGwfcg; ... 55
5/ avjzwf? pum;roGufjcif;ESifh oyGwfcg;oD; ... 55
6/ qD;yl?qD;atmifhESifh eEGif;rIefY? qD;jzLoD;? ysm;&nf ... 55
7/ oGm;ukdufa&m*gESifh uyfpD;ESJoD;trIefY ... 55
8/ acgif;udkufjcif;ESifh iSufaysmoD;tpdrf; ... 55
9/ "mwfrwnfhí ,m;,Hjcif;ESifh qefvufwpfqkyf? eEGif;rIefY ... 56
10/ 0rf;avQm? 0rf;ukdufESifh a&aEG;Murf;? ysm;&nf ... 56
11/ oGm;a&m*gESifh wrm½kd; ... 56
12/ 'lvmvdyfacgif;? aoG;0rf;ESifh tifwGJrIefY? xef;vsuf ... 56
. . . 10 . . .
rmwdum
13/ qD;yla&m*gESifh aumuf½kd;jyKwf? oMum; ... 56
14/ om;onfrdcifrsm; EkdYacsmif;ydwfESifh i½kwf½GufjyKwf&nftaiGU ... 56
15/ rD;avmifemESifh iSufaysmoD;rSnfh ... 56
16/ ajcz0g;uGJtufemESifh aq;uwå&m (coata) ... 56
17/ touf&SLusyf? armyef;jcif;ESifh a&SmufoD;tEk ... 56
18/ aq;zuf0ifBudwfrSef ... 57
19/ om;onfrdcifrsm; EkdYacsmif;ydwfESifh &J,dk½Guf ... 57
20/ tckd;ydwf? aMumwif;a&m*gESifh uGrf;½kd; ... 57
21/ ESvHk;tm;aumif;onfh cs&m; (okdY) ca& ... 57
22/ pkdajyjynfhNzKd;? tiftm;wkd;ESifh &Sm;apmif;vufyyfcsufaq; ... 57
23/ oGm;ukdufoGm;emESifh qefvGwfeEGif;rIefY ... 58
24/ qD;csKdESifh ykwD;jzLvufzufajcmuf (ykwD;jzL = awmifqD;jzL) ... 58
25/ tpmtdrfava&m*gESifh eEGif;oHowfa& ... 58
26/ av;bufema&m*gESifh ajcaxmufqm;a&pdrf ... 59
27/ tqpfa&mifa&m*gESifh w½kwfpum;yif ... 59
28/ twufa&m*gESifh oHyk&moHowf&nf ... 59
29/ wif;wdyfESifh axmywfoD;aph? ausmufcsOf ... 59
30/ tqpftjrpfxkHusOfukdufcJa&m*gESifh Z0ufom? oHvGifqD ... 59
31/ azma&mifa&m*gESifh &Sm;apmif;vufyyf ... 59
32/ qHyifeufaq; (BudwfrSef? qD;jzL) ... 60
33/ tom;rmESifh wrm½Guf? *sKHrIefY ... 60
34/ <uufEkdY? tom;rm? rSJYESifh oabFmyif ... 60
35/ acsmif;qkd;aoG;ygESifh zkHrodef½Guf ... 60
36/ 0rf;ysuf? 0rf;avQma&m*gESifh ydawmufacguf ... 60
37/ xdckduf? zl;a&mif? taMumrsufESifh oHyk&moD; ... 61
38/ cg;udkuf? cg;emESifh oabFm½Guf ... 61
39/ t½kd;usD;aygif;wufa&m*gESifh a&Smuf½Guf? Muuf[if;cg;½Guf ... 61
40/ axmywf&JUpGrf;tm; ... 61
(10) aq;NrD;wkda&mifj cnf (2) - eu©wåa&mifj cnfr *¾Zif;? pmwnf;tzGJU 63
1/ ausmufcsOfrD;azguf? tukduftcJaysmuf ... 63
2/ qD;a&m*g? azma&mifjcif;? rsufpda&m*gESifh z&JoD;? oMum; (w½kwfaq;NrD;wkd) ... 63
3/ qD;aMumifhjzpfaomanmif;nmukdufcJa&m*gESifh qifwkH;rEG,f ... 63
. . . 11 . . .
rmwdum
4/ rnf;rnf;csdwfcsdwfwif;wdyfESifh y'kr®mMum½kd; ... 63
5/ qD;atmifh? qD;ukdufESifh oHyk&m? ,rf;pdrf; ... 63
6/ jrpfyGm;em? tzktusdwfa&m*gESifh aq;pGrf;aumif; (jrpfyGm;em = uifqm) ... 63
7/ tonf;BuD;a&m*gESifh ay½Guf ... 64
8/ tpm;rSm;í ,m;,Hjcif;ESifh xef;vsuf ... 64
9/ iSufzsm;ESifh &Sdef;ckd ... 64
10/ ,mOfpD;pOf rl;a0? atmhtHvQif ... 64
11/ rsufpdxdckdufrIESifh i½kwfaumif; ... 64
12/ c½koif;ESifh {u&mZfjrpf ... 64
13/ Muyfxkyfxkd;enf; ... 64
14/ rsufpdMunf? tanmif;ajy? taMumajyESifh ajce,fqD... 65
15/ aoG;wkd;? qD;csKd? avief;a&m*g ESifh a&SmufoD; ... 65
16/ vdyfacgif;a&m*gESifh xdu½kH; ... 65
17/ qD;atmifha&m*gaysmufapaom yGJawGUenf;aumif; ... 65
18/ iSufzsm;a&m*gESifh &Sm;apmif;BuD;tap; ... 65
19/ tonf;ajcmufa&m*gESifh &Sm;apmif;vufyyf... 65
20/ oHyk&moD;ESifh csKdif;acR;eHY ... 65
21/ &Sm;apmif;vufyyfcsufaq; ... 66
22/ taMumwufcg;emESifh ouf&if;BuD; ... 66
23/ &Sm;apmif;vufn§Kd;ESifh vdyfacgif; ... 66
24/ uav;rsm;tlus (abmus) a&m*gESifh 'efBuD;½Guf ... 66
25/ trsKd;orD;rsm;tjzLqif;cJhaomf ... 67
(11) aq;NrD;wkda&mifj cnf (3) - eu©wåa&mifj cnfr *¾Zif;? pmwnf;tzGJU 69
1/ uav;ESmydwfa0'emESifh uGrf;½Guf ... 69
2/ temrD;? temvQHESifh i&HUywl½Guf ... 69
3/ tqkwf (wDbD) a&m*gESifh i&HUywl½Guf ... 69
4/ trl;a&m*gtrsKd;rsKd;? tpmrSm;? &ifjynfh&ifu,f? aoG;wkd; ESifh {u&mZf... 69
5/ 0rf;oufjcif;?pdwfESvHk;ylyefjcif;? qDeDusOfaemuf a&m*g ESifh a&xdu½kH; ... 69
6/ ydpyfyif (AdZwfyif) udk,fawGUaq;enf;rsm; ... 69
7/ xdckduf&SemESifh ukef;aA'g (qD;csKd? aoG;csKd&dSol) ... 70
8/ yef;em&ifusyfa0'emESifh rk½dk;½Guf ... 70
9/ aoG;Ekom;Ek? xkHusOfudkufcJ/ &if;jym;wpfyJ? xif;wpfvSnf; ... 70
. . . 12 . . .
rmwdum
10/ 0JtpdkESifh a&eHacs;? razmufxkH; ... 70
11/ uif;udkufjcif;ESifh MuufoGefeD ... 70
12/ 'l;emjcif;ESifh a&SmufoD;? MuufoGefeD ... 70
13/ qD;a&m*gESifh vufzuftpdk? ausmufcsOf ... 71
14/ rsufpdemESifh &Sm;apmif;vufyyf ... 71
15/ udk,fyltjrefusap&efESifh pm;aqmf'g? oMum; ... 71
16/ qD;atmifh? ausmufwnfESifh jynfvkH;csrf;om ... 71
17/ EIwfcrf;uGJ? usD;uef;yg;pyfESifh xrif;tdk;qlvmaom tjrKyf ... 71
18/ avxdk;? avatmifhESifh qifwkH;rEG,f ... 71
19/ avjzwfjcif;ESifh usD;tm;oD; ... 71
20/ tdyfraysmfjcif;ESifh 'efYuRJ½Guf ... 71
21/ tylusdwfeJY eEGif;cg;O ... 72
22/ qHyiftwGufenf;wpfvuf ... 72
23/ aq;pGrf;aumif;wpfvuf ... 72
24/ cg;emESifh qifaygif;qD ... 73
(12) azGazG&Sm&Smwdkif;&if;aq;ynm - a'gufwmatmifEdkif (aq;okawoe) 75
1/ temaygufjcif;ESifh rmvum½Guf? ysm;&nf ... 75
2/ ESvHk;wkef&ifckef? touf&SLr0wJha0'emESifh emewf? oMum;? ysm;&nf ... 75
3/ oefusapaom emewfoD;ESifh ysm;&nf ... 75
4/ temref;? rD;avmifzk? a&aEG;ylavmifjcif;ESihf emewfoD; ... 75
5/ 0rf;udkufa0'emESifh upfrDuGpf (Kiss me quick) ... 75
6/ tiftm;jynfhNzdK;tvSwdk;apzdkY pHy,fyGifhajcmuf? ESif;qDyGifhvTmajcmuf? vufzufajcmuf ... 76
7/ aoG;om;rrSefanmif;ukdufjcif;? tjzLqif;jcif;? qD;yl? qD;atmifhjcif;ESifh pHy,fyGifh? oMum;? oHyk&m&nf ... 76
8/ iSufzsm;ESifh yifpdrf; ... 76
9/ tpmtdrfa&m*g? tpmtdrftemaygufjcif;? tlodrfOD;tem? tpmraMujcif;? cHwGif;ysufjcif;ESifh EdkudkO ... 76
10/ cg;em? cg;½kd;usD;aygif;wufESifh yifpdrf;½Guf ... 76
11/ temvkH;BuD;awG? tusdwfawGESifh yifpdrf;½Guf ... 76
12/ rdwf? ,m;em? ayG;? 0JajcmufESifh yifpdrf;½Guf ... 76
13/ em;jynf,dk? em;udkufESifh yifpdrf;½Guf ... 76
14/ uav;avxdk;avatmifh? Adkufem? oefaumif? wkwfaumifxESifh yifpdrf;½Guf ... 76
15/ acsmif;qdk;? vnfacsmif;emESifh yifpdrf; ... 77
16/ <uufEdkY? wif;wdyf? rSJUajcmuf? c½koif;ESifh yifpdrf; ... 77
. . . 13 . . .
rmwdum
17/ xl;wJhtmvl; ... 77
18/ xdcdkuf'Pf&m? rkwfqdwf&dwf"m;&SESifh ausmufcsOf... 78
19/ rdwf,m;?ESif;cltpkd? tqdyf&Sdykd;rTm;ukdufESifh ausmufcsOf ... 78
20/ ausmufcsOfESifh tqDus? tom;uspfydefaq; ... 78
21/ rsufpda&m*g? em;a&m*gESifh ausmufcsOf... 79
22/ tdyfraysmfwJha&m*gESifh ausmufcsOf? uRJEkdYrvkdif... 79
23/ cHwGif;eHYraumif;jcif;ESifh ausmufcsOf? pm;qkd'g ... 79
24/ oGm;ykd;pm;? oGm;ukdufESifh ausmufcsOf?y½kwf... 79
25/ temtzkvHk;? tusdwfvHk;ESifh ausmufcsOfysm;&nf... 79
26/ oGm;zkH;a&pD;urf;NydKaoG;xGufESifh ausmufcsOfwrm½Guf... 79
27/ ESmacgif;aoG;vQHESifh ausmufcsOf ... 79
(13) a&m*gokw aq;okw - a'gufwmatmifEkdif (aq;okawoe) 81
1/ ÓmPftm;aumif;apjcif;ESifh jrif;cGm½Guf ... 81
2/ OD;aESmuftm;aq;ESifh Am'HoD;ysm;&nf ... 81
3/ ODaESmuftm;aq;ESifh Am'HoD;? axmywf ... 81
4/ rSwfÓmPfaumif;jcif;ESifh Am'HqD ... 81
5/ wkyfauG;ESifh yifpdrf;? csif; ... 81
6/ wkyfauG;ESifh eEGif;rIefY ... 81
7/ avema&m*gESifh qD;jzLoD;? EG,fcsKd ... 82
8/ avema&m*gESifh zD;Murf;iSufaysmoD;tpdrf; ... 82
9/ yef;em&ifusyfESifh acG;ao;yef;½Guf ... 82
10/ yef;em&ifusyfESifh awmMuufarmufaq;vdyf... 82
11/ qD;Budwfa&mifa&m*g (nbuf cPcP qD;oGm;csifwJha&m*g) ESifh cHwuf½Guf ... 82
12/ qD;rxdef;Ekdifaom a&m*gvu©PmESifh owdjyK&rnfhtcsufrsm; ... 83
13/ ausmufuyfa&mifa&m*gESifh Bwdzv ... (opfqdrfhoD;? MupkoD;? qD;jzLoD; = Bwdzv) 83
14/ yoda&mif (tmoD;a&mif) a&m*g ... 84
15/ rsufESmwpfjcrf;aoa&m*gESifh BuD;av;aumifaq; ... 84
16/ 0ufjcHaysmufaq;enf; ... 84
(14) vufawGUtoHk;0if½kd;&maq;yifESifhaq;enf;rsm; .../ - armif,OfEG,f 85
1/ qHyifjzL? qHyifuRwfjcif;ESifh u&ruf ... 85
2/ ESvkH;wkef?&ifckefolrsm;? aoG;yla&m*g&Sifrsm; ESifh u&ruf ... 85
3/ rdwfzkrsm;xGufjcif; ESifh u&ruf... 85
. . . 14 . . .
rmwdum
4/ jynfwnfaomtemESifh u&ruf ... 85
5/ tylBuD;í tjyif;zsm;ESifh u&ufruf... 85
6/ n§if;wif;wdyfESifh yifv,fuopfzk ... 85
7/ ESvkH;wkef? &ifckef? tdyfraysmf? qD;0g csKyf? 0rf;csKyf? ezl;yl? ajczsm;vufzsm;at;ESifh uifyGef;csOf½Guf ... 85
8/ tom;0gESifh uifyGef;csOf½Guf ... 85
9/ aoG;tH? aoG;0rf;? ESmacgif;aoG;,kdESifh uefpGef;O ... 86
10/ qD;yl? anmif;usESifh uefpGef;½Guf ... 86
11/ rD;avmifem? a&aEG;ylavmifemESifh uefpGef;½Guf... 86
12/ tylusdwfrsm;ESifh upGef;½kd;eD ... 86
13/ tqdyfoifhjcif;ESifh uefpGef;½Guf ... 86
14/ yg;pyfeHjcif;? yg;pyfwGiftemaygufjcif;? oGm;zkH;rSaoG;,kdjcif;? aoG;0rf;oGm;jcif;ESifh uefpGef;½kd;eD ... 86
15/ vdyfacgif;a&m*gESifh w½kwfuefpGef; ... 86
16/ oGm;udkufjcif;ESifh MuufoGefeD ... 86
17/ ESmacgif;aoG;vQHjcif;ESifh MuufoGefeD... 86
18/ em;ukdufjcif;ESifh MuufoGefeD ... 87
19/ qHyifjzLjcif;ESifh MuufoGefeD ... 87
20/ acG;ukdufjcif;ESifh MuufoGefeD ... 87
21/ uif;? tqdyf&Sdykd;rTm;rsm;ukdufjcif;ESifh MuufoGefeD ... 87
22/ qefykd;wG,fjcif;ESifh MuufoGefeD ... 87
23/ xdyfajymifjcif;ESifh MuufoGefeD ... 87
24/ acgif;&SdaAmuf? oef;rsm;ESifh MuufoGefeD ... 87
25/ ausmufuyf? qD;ESifh MuufoGefeD... 87
26/ aoG;wkd;ESvkH;ESifh MuufoGefjzL?ysm;&nf ... 87
27/ acG;ukdufjcif;ESifh MuufoGefjzL ... 88
28/ tqpfa&mifa&m*gESifh Muuf[if;cg;oD;tEk ... 88
29/ qD;csKda&m*gESifh Muuf[if;cg; ... 88
30/ azma&m*gESifh aMumifyef;½Guf? ouf&if;BuD;jrpf ... 88
31/ anmif;usa&m*gESifh aMumifyef;½Guf ... 88
32/ cE¨mukd,fav;vHxkdif;rIdif;jcif;? ukd,fwpfjcrf;av;vHjcif;ESifh aMumifyef;½Guf ... 88
33/ trsKd;orD;rsm; tom;ta&,m;jcif;? trnf;uGufrsm;jzpfjcif;ESifh BudwfrSef½Guf ... 88
34/ trm&GwftjzLuGufBuD;rsm;ESifh BudwfrSef&Gwf ... 88
35/ qHyifeufjcif;ESifh BudwfrSef½Guf ... 89
36/ wkwfxkd;jcif; (ptkd0,m;jcif;) ESifh BudwfrSef½Guf ... 89
. . . 15 . . .
rmwdum
37/ c½koif;? orifjzL ESifh BudwfrSefjrpf? zefcg;jrpf ... 89
38/ rtkdremaq;ESifh BudwfrSef ... 89
39/ acsmif;qkd;jcif;ESifh csif;pdrf; ... 89
40/ acgif;ukdufjcif;ESifh csif; ... 89
41/ ESmap;? acsmifqkd;? yef;em&ifusyfESifh csif;pdrf;? ysm;&nf ... 89
42/ oGm;ukduf? oGm;emESifh csif;pdrf; ... 89
43/ csif;pdrf;ESifh em;ukdufa&m*g ... 89
44/ tqpftjrpfa&mif cg;ukduf? 'lukdufESifh csif;pdrf; ... 89
45/ qD;atmifh? qD;cJ? qD;csKyfESifh cHwuf ... 90
46/ acG;awmuf½GufESifh tema[mif; ... 90
47/ acG;awmuf½GufESifh a&,kef ... 90
48/ ukd,fylzsm;ESifh acG;ao;yef;½Guf? Muuf[if;cg;½Guf? uGrf;½Guf (uav;rsm;) 90
49/ uav;acsmif;qkd;cRJusyfESifh acG;ao;yef;½Guf? uGrf;½Guf ... 90
50/ tema&mif&rf;jcif;ESifh acG;ao;yef;yif ... 90
51/ acsmif;qkd;yef;emESifh i½kwfaumif;? ysm;&nf ... 90
52/ toH0if? toHrxGufjcif;ESifh i½kwfaumif;? ysm;&nf ... 90
53/ tom;0gESifh ikBuD; (zGm;buf) ... 90
54/ ½kd;&mtm;aq; (0g) obm0tm;aq; ... 91
55/ avaq;vQufqm;ESifh qifwkH;rEG,f ... 91
56/ ouf&Snfusef;rmjcif;ESifh qifwkH;rEG,f ... 91
57/ wif;wdyfESifh xif;&SL;ESpf ... 91
58/ rif;wkef;rif; okH;aqmifcJhaomtm;aq; ... 91
59/ aoG;wkd;ESifh 'efYovGef½Guf ... 92
60/ temaqG;? tema[mif;rsm;ESifh 'EÅokc ... 92
61/ oGm;ukduf? oGm;zkH;a&mifESifh 'EÅokc ... 92
62/ qD;a&m*g? anmif;us? tjzLqif;? aoG;wkd;ESifh 'EÅokc ... 92
63/ tylacsmif;ajcmuf? yg;pyfuGJ? eHjcif;ESifh 'EÅokc... 92
64/ aoG;wkd;? qD;csKd? tpmtdrfa&m*gESifh eEGif;cg; ... 92
65/ yef;emESifh y'kdif;½Guf ... 93
66/ tom;t&nfpkdjynfjcif;ESifh aygufyGifh ... 93
67/ trsKd;orD;rsm;udkufcJ? acgif;tHk? Zufav;jcif;ESifh aygufyef;jzLyGifh ... 93
68/ avief;jzpfpESifh zHk;rodef ... 93
69/ ½kd;&mtm;aq;ESifh zkH;rodef ... 93
. . . 16 . . .
rmwdum
70/ qD;? 0rf;? avrSef ESifh abmpukdif;( tqdyfajzyif) 93
71/ aoG;wkd;a&m*gESifh abmpudkif; ... 93
72/ "m;xd? oHpl;? acG;ukdufESifh ucsifra&Smh½Guf ... 94
73/ t&ufrl;vGef? tpmtqdyfjzpf? rIdawmufjcif;ESifh ra&Smh½Guf ... 94
74/ qD;tdrfausmufwnfjcif;ESifh r½kd;yGifh? EGm;EdkY ... 94
75/ ta&jym;a&m*gESifh r½kd;yGifh? EGm;EdkY ... 94
76/ aoG;vHk;a&m*gESifh r½kd;yGifh? ESrfqD ... 94
77/ r½kd;ap;ESifh cg;ukdufjcif;? 'l;ukdufjcif; ... 94
78/ emwm&Snfa&m*grsm;ESifh jrif;cGm½Guf ... 94
79/ aoG;wkd;ESifhjrif;cGm½Guf ... 94
80/ rIdqdyfajzenf; (xef;vsuf? oHyk&m? rIdewdk)... 95
81/ rpm;aumif;aomrIdrsm;.... 95
82/ rIdESifha&mpyfírpm;aumif;aom tpm;tpmrsm; ... 95
83/ 0rf;ukdufa&m*g? aoG;0rf;a&m*gESifh rD;uGif;*rkef;t½Guf.. 95
84/ aoG;tHa&m*gESifh rD;uGif;*rkef; ... 95
85/ tylavmifjcif;ESifh rD;uGif;*rkef; ... 95
86/ tema[mif; temaqG;rsm;ESifh rD;uGif;*rkef; ... 96
87/ trskKd;orD;rsm; aoG;vHk; avvHk; aog;csKyf?avcsKyfESifh rkwfcg;aq; ... 96
88/ &Sm;apmif;vufyyfcsufaq;( trsKd;orD;rsm;twGuf) yxrenf;... 96
89/ &Sm;apmif;vufyyfcsufaq; (usm; r yskKd tkdra&G;) 'kwd,enf;... 96
90/ &Sm;apmif;vufyyfcsufaq; (usm; r ysKdtkdra&T;) wwd,enf; .... 96
91/ qD;atmifh? qD;csKyfESifh &Sm;apmif;vufyyf ... 96
92/ tema[mif;? temaqG;? ajcpG,fikwfESifh &Sm;apmif;vufyyf... 96
93/ em;ukdufa&m*gESifh &Sm;apmif;vufyyf ... 96
94/ aoG;wkd; avief; tqDwkd; xkHemusOfemESifh a&SmufwpfvHk;aq;&nf ... 96
95/ tzsm;aysmuf? tm;&Sdjcif;ESifh vif;ae? aq;cg;BuD; .... 96
96/ 0rf;csKyf? avcsKyf? qD;csKyfESifh ouf&if;BuD; .... 97
97/ trsKd;orD;a&m*gESifh ouf&if;BuD; ... 97
98/ qkHqkdYem? yg;usdwfa&mifem? vnfacsmif;uGJemESifh oabFmoD;pdrf; 97
99/ oabFm½GufESifh jrif;zkem... 97
100/ qD;vGefa&m*gESifh OoQpf? csif; ... 97
(15) touf&Snf&mtemrJhaMumif;aq;pGr f;aumif;rsm; - q&mBuD;OD;csrf; 99
. . . 17 . . .
rmwdum
1/ ausmufuyfa&mifESifh 'EÅokc ... 99
2/ ausmufwnfjcif;ESifh cHwufacguf ... 99
3/ ausmufwnfjcif;ESifh Mucwf0g;tqpf ... 99
4/ BudKUxkd;jcif;ESifh &Sdef;ckd?rwfyJ ... 99
5/ BudKUxkd;jcif;ESifh oMum; ... 99
6/ ajcz0g;uGJem ESifh iSufaysmyif... 99
7/ cg;emESifh ukd,f&HBuD;½Guf ... 99
8/ cg;em? cg;udkuf? 'l;ukdufESifh anmifajcaxmuf.... 99
9/ *7if*sDem^ b&if*sDem ESifh MoZmoD;tajcmuf... 99
10/ iSufzsm;ESifh aMumifyef;½Guf... 99
11/ pum;xpfjcif; ESifhjrif;cGm½Guf... 99
12/ qD;&Gifjcif;ESifh tkef;jrpf ... 100
13/ qD;vGefa&m*gESifh uifyGef;½Guf ... 100
14/ qD;csKda&m*g ... 100
15/ qifajcaxmufa&m*g ... 100
16/ qifclvnfjywfem ESifh pG,fawmf½Guf ... 100
17/ qHkqkdYemESifh aMumifyef;½Guf ... 100
18/ wif;wdyf .... 100
19/ tifMuif;qifhtzsm;jzwfaq; ... 101
20/ 'uf ... 101
21/ em;wGif;tem ... 101
22/ em;jynf,dk ... 101
23/ em;yif; ... 101
24/ em;ukduf? em;em .... 101
25/ em;avxGuf ... 101
26/ em;tl ... 101
27/ em;av; ... 102
28/ ESmacgif;aoG;vQH ... 102
29/ ESmacgif;ydwf ... 102
30/ ESm&nf,kd ... 102
31/ emwm&Snf ESmap; ... 102
32/ omrefESmap; .... 102
33/ ESmacgif;teHYr&ESifh eHYomjzL? uifyGef;oD; ... 102
. . . 18 . . .
rmwdum
34/ emwm&Snftzsm;ESifh plvmezm ... 103
35/ ESif;clESifh ikpyf (zGm;zuf) ... 103
36/ yef;em&ifusyfESifh OoQpf½Guf ... 103
37/ yef;em ... 103
38/ azma&mifemESifh OoQpf½Guf ... 103
39/ 0rf;rD;nHhí (tpmrcsufEkdifí) Akdufatmifhjcif; ... 103
40/ avaMumifh Akdufatmifhjcif; ... 103
41/ pjrif;aMumifh Akdufatmifhjcif; ... 103
42/ rsufpdemaysmufaq; ... 103
43/ rsufpd? wdrfESifh atmifrJjzLjrpf ... 103
44/ rsufESmrSJYajcmufESifh uGrf;½Guf? BudwfrSef½Guf ... 104
45/ rsufpdaoG;jcnfwef;ESifh caygif;a&Munfaph ... 104
46/ armyef;? EGrf;vs ... 104
47/ jrpfajcmufem ... 104
48/ jrif;o½kdufemESifh c0JoD;ajcmuf ... 104
49/ a&zsOf; ... 104
50/ vnfyif;BuD;a&m*g ... 104
51/ vdyfacgif;ESifh oyGwfcg;oD; ... 104
52/ temayguftHkaq; ... 104
53/ aoG;wdk; ... 105
54/ toH0if? toHysuf? toHxGufaq; ... 105
55/ tom;0g ... 105
56/ ouf&Snfusef;rmaq; ... 105
(16) aq;zuf0ifuGr f;wpf½GufESifhtaray;aomaq;enf;wkdr sm; - OD;cefYausmf 107
1/ uav;acsmif;qkd;&ifusyf? touf½SLusyf? tqkwf? vnfacsmif;a&m*gESifh uGrf;½Guf.... 107
2/ uav; tpmraMu? avem? 0rf;oGm;ESifh uGrf;½Guf ... 107
3/ uav; ESmap;? ESmrGef? ESmydwf? touf½SLusyf ESifh uGrf;½Guf ... 107
4/ acgif;ukduf?rl;a0?Zufxkd;? rsuf½kd;ukdufESifh uGrf;½Guf ... 107
5/ ajcz0g;uGJESifh uGrf;½Guf ... 107
6/ *&if*sDem (b&if*sDem) ponfhtemrsm;ESihf uGrf;½Guf ... 107
7/ pdwfa0'emESifhuGrf;½Guf ... 107
8/ pum;xpfjcif;ESifh uGrf;½Guf ... 107
. . . 19 . . .
rmwdum
9/ qD;csKyfa&m*gESifh uGrf;½Guf ... 107
10/ w&dyf&dyfrl;a0jcif;ESifh uGrf;½Guf ... 108
11/ EkdYtHka&mifwif;jcif;ESifh uGrf;½Guf ... 108
12/ EkdYacsmif;ydwf? EkdYusdwfa&mifjcif;ESifh uGrf;½Guf ... 108
13/ yef;EGrf;jcif;ESihf uGrf;½Guf ... 108
14/ ½kyfysKdukd,fEkaq; ... 108
15/ vdyfacgif;aoG;,kdESifh uGrf;½Guf ... 108
16/ qD;yl? qD;atmifh? qD;csKyfvQif ... 108
17/ toH0if? toHuyfESifh jynfyef;ndK ... 108
18/ 0rf;cPcPysufjcif;ESifh aMumifyef;½Guf ... 108
19/ ZufaMumwufjcif;ESifh csif; ... 109
20/ aoG;aMumusOf;a&m*g? ESvHk;a&m*g? tonf;tqDzHk;a&m*gESihf csif; ... 109
21/ lvm? rD;,yf? 0rf;ysufa&m*gESifh 7Sdef;ckd ... 109
22/ toufBuD;aom trsKd;om;rsm; taMumtm;enf;a&m*gESifh &Sdef;ckd ... 109
23/ rD;zGm;NyD;p trsKd;orD;rsm; om;tdrfukdufjcif;ESifh &Sdef;ckd ... 109
24/ qD;atmifh? ausmufwnfESifh [if;Eke,f ... 109
25/ azma&mifa&m*gESifh ueazmh ... 109
26/ tqpfa&mifa&m*g?avjzwf? avief;a&m*g ESifh yifpdrf; ... 109
27/ yef;em? &ifusyf? acsmif;qkd;? atmhtH? eHab;atmifhjcif;ESifh yifpdrf; ... 109
28/ acgif;ukdufjcif; ESifh yifpdrf; ... 109
29/ 0rf;ysuf? 0rf;avQmjcif;ESifh rif;*GwfoD;(rif;uGwfoD;) ... 109
30/ qD;csKdaMumifh jzpfaomtemESifh qdyfzvl½Guf... 110
31/ aoG;0rf;oGm;jcif;ESifh qD;jzLoD; ... 110
32/ cRJyltzsm;a&m*gESifh rif;*GwfoD;(rif;uGwfoD;) ... 110
33/ qD;vGefa&m*gESifh qdyfzvl;½Guf ... 110
34/ 0rf;oGm;jcif;ESihf qdyfzvl½Guf... 110
35/ trsKd;orD;rsm; rD;,yfaoG;vGefemESifh qdyfzvll;yGif ... 110
36/ ESmacgif;aoG;vsHjcif;ESifh qD;jzLoD; ... 110
37/ qD;ykyfa&m*gESif qD;jzLoD; ... 110
38/ avema&m*gESifh qD;jzLoD; ... 110
39/ tom;0ga&m*gESifh awmifqD;jzL ... 110
40/ anmif;usa&m*gESifh awmifqD;jzL ... 110
41/ tm;ukefvQif ... 110
. . . 20 . . .
rmwdum
42/ qD;yl? qD;atmifhjzpfvQif ... 111
(17) yGJawGUukxHk; - atmifukdEkdif 113
1/ 0domcgaq;ESifh MoZmaph ... 113
2/ yef;em&ifusyfESifh jy'g; ... 113
3/ ,m;emESifhaeZmjruf... (aeZmjruf = xdyfqDrSmtoD;zkwkwkeJYjruf) 113
4/ wif;wdyfESifh Muufql½Guf? bl;aph ... 113
5/ tmoD;a&mif(yoda&mif)? vnfacsmif;emESifh 'efovGefjrpf .... 113
6/ vdyfacgif;jrif; o½kdfufESifh awmoyGwfcg;oD; ... 114
7/ qD;csKda&m*gESifh ausmufcJa&pdrf ... 114
(18) pm;yifoHk;yif aq;zuf0if - OD;vS'if 115
1/ csif;,dkjyKvkyfenf;(1) 115
2/ vnfyif;a&m*gESifh csif; ... 115
3/ csif;,kdjyKvkyfenf;(2) 115
4/ toHysuf? toH0ifa&m*gESifh csif; ... 115
5/ BudKUxkd;a&m*gESifh csif; .... 115
6/ acsmif;qkd;yef;em ESifh csif;ajcmuf?zefcg;oD;rIefY .... 115
7/ tat;rdESmap;ESifh csif;&nf? ysm;&nf .... 115
8/ ESm½SLap; ESifh (csif;ESifhxef;vsuf)... 115
9/ em;ukdufjcif;ESifh csif;... 116
10/ qifajcaxmufa&m*gESifhcsif; ... 116
11/ qHkqkdYemESifhMuufoGefjzL... 116
12/ MuufoGefjzL\*kkPfowdå ... 116
13/ iSufzsm;a&m*gESifh MuufoGefjzL... 116
14/ ta&jym;a&m*gESifh MuufoGefjzL... 116
15/ temaygufa&m*gESifh MuufoGefjzL ... 116
16/ qHyifESifh MuufoGefjzL ... 116
17/ ESmacgif;a&m*gESifh MuufoGefjzL... 116
18/ toHysuf? toH0if? toHwdrfESifh MuufoGefjzL ... 117
19/ tm;wkd;aq;ESifhMuufoGefjzL ... 117
20/ avcsKyfjcif;ESifh MuufoGefjzL ... 117
21/ MuufoGefeDwGifyg0ifaom "mwfrsm; ... 117
22/ MuufoGefeDpm;jcif;\tusKd; ... 117
. . . 21 . . .
rmwdum
23/ qD;a&m*gESifh MuufoGefeD ... 118
24/ uav;qD;csKyfjcif;ESifh MuufoGefeD ... 118
25/ uav;rsm;qD;roGm;Ekdifaomf... 118
26/ qD;a&m*gESifh ZD&mjzL ... 118
27/ BudKUxkd;a&m*gESifh ZD&mjzL ... 118
28/ vdifOa&mifjcif;ESifh ZD&mjzL ... 118
29/ iSufzsm;a&m*gESifh ZD&mjzL ... 118
30/ vdyfacgif; tjyifxGufjcif;ESifhZD&mndK ... 118
31/ om;tdrfa&mifjcif;ESifh ZD&mndK ... 118
32/ OD;aESmuftm;aq;ESifh ZD&mndK ... 118
33/ acgif;rl;jcif;ESihf ZD&mndK ... 119
34/ acgif;rl;jcif;ESifh ZD&mndK ... 119
35/ ukuúdK ... 119
37/ rsufpOfaq;ESifhukuúdK ... 119
38/ usyfykwD;emESifh ukuúdKaph ... 120
39/ acsmif;qkd;a&m*g ... 120
40/ acsmif;qkd;aysmufaq;ESifh ukuúdK ... 120
41/ tpmtdrfopf? tonf;a&mifjcif;ESifh ukuúdK ... 120
42/ tzsOf;a&mifa&m*gESifh ukuúKd ... 121
43/ jrif;o½kdufa&m*gESifhukuúKd ... 121
44/ qD;atmifha&m*gESifh ukuúKd ... 121
45/ *Ekda&m*gESifh ukuúKd ... 121
46/ azma&mifjcif;ESifh ukuúKd ... 121
47/ ta&jym;a&m*gESifh ukuúKd... 122
48/ orifjzLa&m*gESifh ukuúKd... 122
49/ vdifOa&mifjcif;ESifh ukuúKd... 122
50/ ESmydwfjcif;ESifh ukuúKd... 122
51/ iSufzsm;a&m*gESifh yifpdrf; ... 122
52/ a>rukdufjcif;ESifh yifpdrf; ... 123
53/ onf;ajczsm;ESifh yifpdrf;... 123
54/ acgif;ukduf? ESmacgif;a&m*gESifh yifpdrf; ... 123
55/ acsmif;qkd;yef;ema&m*gESifh yifpdrf; ... 123
56/ vQmcifusa&m*gESifh yifpdrf; .... 123
. . . 22 . . .
rmwdum
57/ ta7jym;a&m*gESifh yifpdrf; .... 123
58/ tdE´d,ESifh wrm .... 123
59/ EkdYacsmif;ydwfjcif;ESifh wrm½Guf ... 124
60/ onf;ajcaMumifhjzpfaoma&m*gESifh wrm½Guf .... 124
61/ OD;acgif;&Sdykd;ESifh wrm½Guf.... 124
62/ qD;ausmufwnfjcif;ESifh wrm½Guf... 124
63/ tqpfrsm;ukdufjcif;ESifh wrm ... 124
65/ qD;a&m*gESifh wrm ... 124
66/ vdyfacgif;ESifh eEGif;rIefY ... 124
67/ EkdYa&mifjcif;ESifh eEGif;rIefY ... 124
68/ acsmif;qkd;a&m*gESifh eEGif; ... 124
69/ tom;0gESifh eEGif; ... 124
70/ qD;a&m*gESifh eEGif; ... 124
71/ qifajcaxmufa&m*gESifh eEGif;rIefYukdEGm;usifi,f7nfESifh a&maomufcJhaomf qifajcaxmufa&m*g? 0Jem? 125
72/ jrif;cGm½Guf... 125
73/ BudKUxkd;a&m*gESifh qD;jzLoD;... 125
74/ qD;atmifha&m*gESifh qD;jzLoD; ... 125
75/ qD;vGefa&m*gESifh qD;jzLoD; ... 125
76/ rD;,yfjzLESifh qD;jzLoD; ... 125
(19) ckepfaeYom;orD;rsm; xkdokdYj zpfvQifþokdYvkyfyg .../ - okawoDj rifhxGef; 127
1/ cg;emESifhawmifqD;jzL ... 127
2/ aoG;uifqmESifh BudwfrSef½Guf ... 127
3/ wefaq; vGefab;... 127
4/ n§if;aysmufaq; ... 127
5/ BudKUxkd;a&m*gaysmufaq; ... 127
6/ qD;tdrfwGif;&Sdausmufrsm;aMuuGJ&ef... 127
7/ BudwfrSef½Guf,kdESifhaysmufuif;aoma&m*grsm; ... 127
8/ cg;emcg;udkufaysmufaq; .... 128
9/ csdeJY ydefcsKH; a&m*gESifh c&rf;csOfoD; ... 128
10/ clemESifh &Sm;apmif;vufyyf... 128
11/ iSufzsm;a&m*gESifh &Srf;aq;cg;BuD; ... 128
12/ qDcsKda&m*gaysmufaq; .... 128
. . . 23 . . .
rmwdum
13/ qD;atmifh a&m*gaysmufaq; ... 128
14/ qD;csKyf? qD;atmifha&m*gESifhrJZvD½Guf .... 129
15/ qD;tdrfydwfqkdYa&m*gESifh rkefvmO ... 129
16/ qifajcaxmufa&m*gaysmufaq; ... 129
17/ qHkqkdemESifhoabFmoD; ... 129
18/ anmif;usa&m*gESifh aMumifyef;½Guf ... 129
19/ xdyfuyfemaysmufaq; ... 129
20/ 'lvmjrif;odkYr[kwf½kdufESifh oabFmoD; ... 129
21/ om;zGm;NyD;p rdcifrsm; ESvHk;tm;ay;aq; ... 129
22/ yef;emaysmufaq; ... 129
23/ yef;em&ifusyfaysmufaq; ... 129
24/ zGwfptkdemaysmufaq; ... 129
25/ vnfacsmif;a&m*gaysmufaq; ... 129
26/ rD;,yfaoG;vGefa&m*gaysmufaq; ... 130
27/ jrif;zkemESifh oabFm½Guf ... 130
28/ jrpfajcmufem(tqkwfem) ESifh uif;ykHyif ... 130
29/ vnfyif;BuD;a&m*gaysmufaq; ... 130
30/ vnfyif;uifqmaysmufaq; ... 130
31/ vQmema&m*gaysmufaq; ... 130
32/ 0rf;csKyfa&m*gESifh qD;jzLoD; ... 130
33/ 0rf;a&m*gaysmufaq; ... 130
34/ 0rf;rD;EkHY aysmufaq; ... 131
35/ 0rf;ykyfcs 0rf;Ekwfaq; ... 131
36/ onf;ajcysufa&m*gaysmufaq; ... 131
37/ 0rf;trnf;oGm;aysmufaq; ... 131
38/ oHpl;emaysmufaq; ... 131
39/ om;jrwfukdufaysmufaq; ... 132
40/ om;tdrfacgif;uRHaysmufaq; ... 132
41/ rD;,yfaoG;qHk;aysmufaq; ... 132
42/ aoG;avn§daq; ... 132
43/ om;tdrfuifqmaysmufaq; ... 132
44/ om;zGm;vG,faq; ... 132
45/ tpmtdrfuifqmESifh aq;tkd;ykwfyif ... 132
. . . 24 . . .
rmwdum
46/ tqpftjrpfa&mifaysmufaq; ... 132
47/ tqpftjrpfukdufa&m*gaysmufaq; ... 133
48/ tazmta&mif a&m*gESifh plvmezm ... 133
49/ tom;0ga&m*gaysmufaq; .... 133
50/ tlusa&m*gaysmufaq; .... 133
51/ &om,etouf&Snfaq; ESifho&ufoD;pdrf;tcGH ... 133
52/ tonf;BuD;a&m*gESifh oabFmoD; ... 133
53/ tjrHKaysmufaq;ESifh rkefnif;aph ... 133
54/ tom;ywfaysmufaq; ... 133
55/ OD;aESmufemusifukdufcJa&m*gESifh csif;ajcmuf ... 134
56/ OD;aESmuftm;enf;a&m*gESifh yef;oD;,kkd ... 134
57/ tarma&m*gaysmufaq; ... 134
(20) trsKd;orD;a&m*godaumif;p&mESifhumuG,fukoenf;rsm; - q&mjrifh (pMumrif;) 135
1/ rD;,yfa&m*gtrsKd;rsKd;ESifh aoG;qHk;a&m*gtwGuf.... 135
2/ om;tdrfusaysmufaq; ... 135
3/ wif;wdyf? 0ufjcH? rSJYajcmufESifh tom;vSoeyfcg; ... 135
4/ tysKdttkd tvScsufaq; ... 136
(21) rpm;wwfvQifab;jzpfonfESifhtrsKd;orD;rsm;vufpGJ - aroBuFef (ynma&;) 137
1/ tpmvnf;aq;? aq;vnf;tpm a&m*geJYaq;? wnfhatmifay; ... 137
(22) aq;ukd&SmtpmrSmawGU - 0PÖr mvm B.A. (History) 139
1/ jrif;cGg½Guf ... 139
2/ uefpGef;½kd;eD ... 139
3/ aeYpOfxrif;yGJrSm pm;oifhaom[if;tr,f ... 139
(23) qD;csKdqkdaomxkda&m*g - rauG;0if;jrifh 141
1/ qD;csKda&m*gESifh oajyacguf ... 141
(24) aoG;wkd;? avjzwf? OD;aESmufaMumjywf&jcif;taMumif;&if; - rauG;0if;jrifh 141
1/ 0aomol aoG;wdk;twGuf ... 141
2/ ydefaomol aoG;wkd; twGuf ... 141
3/ aoG;wkd;ESifh eEGif;cg; wnfhol^rwnfhol ... 141
4/ aoG;wkd;ESifhoHyk&maph ... 141
5/ tzsm;av;rskKd; (a&cJtkyfoifh? rtkyfoifh) ... 141
. . . 25 . . .
rmwdum
6/ aoG;wkd;aysmufaq; ... 141
7/ aoG;wkd;ESifh rSefuefaom owd&SdrI ... 142
8/ aoG;wkd;? avief;eJY vHk;0rwnfh ... 142
(25) vlxJuaq;ynm - rauG;0if;jrifh 143
1/ pdwfaMumifh ... 143
2/ wif;wdyfaysmufaq; ... 143
3/ vdifOa&mifaysmufaq; ... 143
4/ ysm;&nfppf^ rppfcGJjcm;enf; ... 143
5/ pwkr"l ... 143
6/ xHkem? usifemESifh tqkwfemaysmufaq; ... 143
7/ tom;0ga&m*g aysmufaq; ... 143
8/ qD;yljcif;ESifh ausmufz½kH ... 144
9/ qD;eD? qD;enf;? qD;yl? qD;aoG;ygaysmufaq; ... 144
10/ tonfa&mif? tom;0gESifh ukef;xdu½kH; ... 144
11/ qHyifeufatmif? axmywfESifh qifwHk;rEG,f ... 144
12/ qifwHk;rEG,fvQufqm;... 144
13/ r,SOfEkdifaom aq;wpfzHk ('[wfoukdkif;ESifh EG,fcsKd) ... 144
(26) uRefawmfESifhaq;avmu aq;avmuESifhuRefawmf - rauG;0if;jrifh 145
1/ avjzwfjcif;ab;uif;a0a&; ... 145
2/ BuKdUxkd;jcif;aysmufaq; ... 146
3/ avjzwfjcif;ESifh a&Smufaygif;&nf ... 146
4/ wkwfauG;zsm;aysmufaq; .... 146
5/ 0rf;udkufa&m*gaysmufaq; ... 146
6/ tqkwfa&m*gppfwrf; ... 146
7/ tqkwfa&m*g (jrpfajcmufem) aysmufaq; ... 147
8/ qD;usOf? qD;atmifhESifh ausmufysOf ... 147
9/ teEÅokccsufaq;ESifh &Sm;apmif;vufyyf ... 147
10/ rkwfcg;xkwfvkyfenf;ESifh &Sm;apmif;vufyyf ... 147
(27) usef;usef;rmrm csrf;csrf;omom - rauG;0if;jrifh 149
1/ "mwfav;yg;n§daq; (qD;? 0rf;? aoG;? av) ... 149
2/ "mwfAl;ESifh qefjyKwf (*syefenf;ynm) 149
3/ ausmufwnfa&m*gESifh ql;yef;yGifh ... 149
. . . 26 . . .
rmwdum
4/ rsufpdtjyifwdrfaysmufaq; 149
5/ xdcdkuf'Pf&mtemrsm;ESifh csif; ... 150
6/ 'PfaMuvdrf;aq; ... 150
7/ um;rl;aysmufaq; ... 150
8/ qD;cPcPoGm;jcif;ESifh qD;usefa&m*g ... 150
9/ qD;oGm;aoG;yg ... 150
10/ om;onfrdcif EkdYrxGufaomf ... 150
11/ qD;csKdESifh Bwdu#Kwf ... 151
12/ ausmufuyfa&m*gESifh zvl;rawmifa0S;ukd,fa7mifaysmufaq; ... 151
13/ EG,fcsKd ... 151
14/ cHwGif;a&m*gESifh EG,fcsKd ... 152
15/ BudKUxkd;jcif;ESifh EG,fcsKd ... 152
16/ avxkd;avatmifha&m*gESifh EG,fcsKd ... 152
17/ a,musfm;taMumtm;enf;jcif;? yef;aoyef;ñId;jcif;ESifh &SOfhrwufO ... 152
18/ om;tdrfü tvHk;7SdolESifh wkdif;&if;aq;eHygwf (11) rkwfuJaq; ... 152
19/ yef;em&ifusyfESifh tpmukdavQmhpm;jcif; ... 153
(28) tkef;rIwfcGufeif;a&m*guif; - rauG;0if;jrifh 155
1/ tkef;rIwfcGufeif;yHkeif;enf; ... 155
2/ tkef;rIwfcGufeif;vQif a&SmifMuOf&rnfhudpörsm; ... 155
3/ tkef;rIwfcGufeif;í yGJawGUaysmufaoma&m*grsm; ... 155
4/ ukd,fawGU MuKHrS ... 156
5/ odrfjzLq&mawmf\ Mo0g' ... 156
6/ qD;a&m*gvHk;0uif;pifapzkdY ... 156
(29) ukd,fawGUa&m*gaysmufuif;jcif;rsm; 157
1/ awmifvHk;jyefyif ... 157
2/ acG;ukdufcH&jcif;ESifh awmifvHk;jyefyif ... 158
3/ uifqmusdwfESifh awmifvHk;jyefyif ... 158
4/ taxGaxGa&m*grsm;ESifh awmifvHk;jyefyif ... 159
5/ oHpl;jcif;ESifh oMum;rIdif; ... 159
6/ a&,kefESifh oGm;wkdufaq;tjzL ... 160
(30) a&m*gaysmufaq;enf;rsm; tu©&mpOftñTef; 161
. . . 27 . . .
rmwdum
(31) pmudk;pm&if; 177
. . . 28 . . .
oHk;wwf&ifaq; roHk;wwf&ifab;
uefawmhyef;
• wif;ykyf? wJukyfxJwGifaeNyD; ...

'ku©qif;&JtrsKd;rsKd;cHum ...
owå0grsm;\ toufukdu,fí ...
a&m*ga0'emtrsKd;rsKd;wkdYukd ukoay;cJhaom ...
wkdif;&if;jrefrmorm;awmfBuD;rsm;tm; ...
]] þpmtkyfjzifh }}
vIdufvSJpGmOD;ESdrfcsí ...
uefawmhyg\ .../
(okawoDjrifhxGef;)
pmukd; !
okawoDjrifhxGef;\ ...
2003 Zefe0g&Dv? 'kwd,tBudrfxkwf ...
]] ckESpf&ufom;orD;rsm;? xkdodkYjzpfvQif þokdYvkyfyg }}...
pmtkyfaumufEkwfcsuf .../
• 0okaÈ´? þajraomfvnf;
apmifpnf;rkom;? usifhaomtm;jzifh
pum;opöm? rSefaomcgum;
MoZmav;euf? ay:qDwufí
EG,fjrufopfyif? aq;buf0if\ .../
&Sifr[moDv0Ho
( yg&rDcef;ysKdU )
• u½kPm? arwåmjzpfaomcgum;
MoZmav;euf? ay:qDwufí
EG,fjrufopfyif? aq;buf0if\ .../
u
rodolausmfoGm; odolazmfpm;
c
25.1.2006
WEEKLY ELEVEN NEWS
NO.16, VOL.1 wG i f y g 0 if a omowif ; aqmif ; yg ; ...
tcsKdUaom jrefrmaq;NrD;wdkrsm;onfa&m*ga0'emrsm;udk tvG,fwul oufomaysmufuif;aponf[k rD'D,m

tcsKdUwGif usk,fus,fjyefYjyefY a&;om;azmfjyaeMujcif;ESifh pyfvsOf;í uRrf;usifaom taemufwkdif;aq;ynm&Sifrsm;u
jrefrmaq;NrD;wkdrsm;ukd pepfwus okawoe jyKvkyfNyD;rSom rD'D,mrsm;wGif us,fus,fjyefYjyefY a&;om;azmfjyoifh
aMumif; tMuHay; pum;ajymMum;vkdufonf[k owif;&&Sdonf/ ,cktcg jrefrmaq;zuf0if tyifwpfrsKd;jzpfaom
plvmezmukda&m*gaygif;pkHaysmufuif;oufomonf[kqkdum t&nfuskdKaomufjcif;rsm; jrefrmEkdifiH wpfeHwpfvsm;wGifjyK
vkyfvsuf&Sd&m ,if;taetxm;ESifh pyfvsOf;í &efukefNrKdU&Sd wkdif;&if;aq;½kHBuD;rS 'k - aq;½kHtkyfBuD; jzpfol
a':pef;,katmifu ]]plvmezm aq;zuf0ifwmawmh rSefygw,f/ 'gayr,fh aq;zHkawGxJrSm a&mNyD; azmfpyfwmrsKd;yJ
toHk;jyKavh&Sdygw,f/ olYcsnf;oufoufoHk;zkdY uRefrwkdYbufu wpfcgrS rñTefMum;cJhzl;ygbl;/ a&&SnfpGJpGJNrJNrJ aomuf&if
bmjzpfvmEkdifovJ qkdwm tcktcsdefxd rod&ao;ygbl; tckrS okawoejyKvkyfaewJh tqifhrSmyJ &Sdygao;w,f}}
[kajymMum;cJhonf/
,if;tjyif plvmezmyiftm; wpfqifhpum; wpfqifhem;jzifh vGefuJpGm oHk;pJGaeMujcif;rsm;tay:
0g&ifhwkdif;&if;aq;orm;awmfBuD; wpfOD;jzpfol OD;armifÓmPfu ]]wefaq;vGefab; qkdaompum;yHkt& rnfonhf
t&mukdrQ vGefuJpGmroHk;oifhaMumif;? rdrdaeYpOf pm;aomufaeaom xrif;ESifh[if;ponfh t[m&rsm;ukdyifrsm;pGm
pm;oHk;ygu tpmraMu &ifjynfh&ifu,f jzpfEkdifojzifh tjcm;rnfonfh t&mukdrQ tvGeftuRHroHk;pGJoifhaMumif;}}
owday;pum; ajymMum;cJhonf/
,cktcg tcsKdUaomrD'D,mrsm;ü jrefrmaq;NrD;wkdrsm;ukd aomufoHk;jcif;jzifh a&m*ga0'emrsm;
oufomaysmufuif;apEkdifonf[k a&;om;azmfjycJhNyD; tcsKdUaoma0'em&Sifrsm;bufrSvnf; ,if;aq;NrD;wkdrsm;ukd
tvG,fwul0,f,laomufoHk;vsuf&Sd&m tqdkygtaetxm;rsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;í tonf;a&m*gXme? ygarmu©Xmerª;
a'gufwmcifarmif0if;u ]]tcktcsdefrSm rD'D,mu t&rf; powerful jzpfw,fav/ rD'D,mxJrSm xnfhNyD;a&;vdkuf&if
jynfolvlxk&JU ESvHk;om;ukd ukdifvIyfoGm;wmrsKd;qkdawmh 'DtaMumif;t&mwpf&yfukd a&;r,fqkd&if 'D[mrSefw,f
trsm;vufcHEkdifw,f/ odyHÜenf;us acwfrSDw,f/ acwfrDprf;oyfNyD;om;qkdwJh taxmuftxm;rsKd;&SdrS a&;oifhw,f/
vlwpfOD;wpfa,mufukd prf;oyfaysmufuif;½kHeJY a&;vkdYr&bl;/ okawoeqkdwm&Sdw,f/ tJ'grSefovm;?
rSm;ovm;qkdwm okawoevkyfNyD;rS a&;oifhw,f/ tJ'Dvkd r[kwfbJ ukd,fwpfOD;wpfa,muf&JU BuKHawGU&wmukd
tajccHNyD;a&;r,fqkd&if rD'D,mtay:rSm opömr&SdovkdjzpfoGm;r,f/ ukd,fhukd,fukd ,HkMunfukd;pm;wJhpmzwf y&dwfowff
tusKd;ukd t&rf;owdxm; aqmif½Gufoifhw,f/ tJ'Dvkd r[kwfbl;qkd&if pmzwfy&dwfowftusKd;ukd trsm; BuD;
xdckdufepfem oGm;apEkdifw,f}} [k&Sif;vif;ajymMum;oGm;cJhonf/
½ku©aA' tac:t& Oldenlandia Corymbosa Linn [kac:aomplvmezmtyifrsm;rSm jrefrmEkdifiH
ae&mtESHYtjym;wGif tavhusaygufa&mufavh&Sdaom tyifrsKd;jzpfNyD; ,cifu rnfolrQ tav;rxm;rdcJhaomfvnf;
,ck tcg wpfqifhpum; wpfqifhMum;&mrS a&m*gaygif;pkH aysmufuif;onf[k qkdum ,HkMunfrIvGefuJpGmjzifh
vlwef;pm;ra&G; aomufoHk;vsuf&Sdonf[k avhvmolrsm;uqkdonf/
,ckuJhokdY vltrsm;pku plvmezmyiftm; ,HkMunfrIvGefuJpGmjzifh 0,f,loHk;pGJaeMuaomfvnf; trSefwu,f
tm;jzifh plvmezmyiftm; pepfwus "mwfcGJprf;oyfrIrsm; rjyKvkyf&ao;aMumif; wkdif;&if;aq;okawoeESifh zGHYjzdK;a&;
OD;pD;XmerS 'kwd,ñTefMum;a&;rª; OD;0if;jrifh\ ajymMum;csuft& od&Sd7onf/ xkdYtjyif tqkdygXmerS OD;pD;rª;wpfOD;jzpfol
q&mr a':aeaeekdif&nf uvnf;aq;ynmuRrf;usifolrsm;r[kwfbJ wkdif;&if;aq;rsm;tMumif;ukd rD'D,mrsm;wGif
azmfjy aeMujcif;ukdaq;ynm&Siftrsm;pku BudKufESpfoufjcif;r&Sd[kqkdonf/
wkdif;&if;aq;ynm&Siftrsm;pkESifh taemufwkdif;aq;ynm&Sifrsm;uyg obm0 twkdif;aygufaeonfh
y&aq;yifrsm;tm;tvG,fwul aomufoHk;aeMujcif;rsm;tay: pkd;&drfaMumifhMurI &SdaeMuaomfvnf; rD'D,mtcsKdUwGif
azmfjyyg&SdcJhaom taMumif;t&mrsm;rS wpfqifh plvmezmukd ,cktcg a&&SnfaomufoHk;aerIrsm; qufvufjzpfay:
aeqJyifjzpfonf/
*
,if;uJhodkY toHk;jyKrIaMumifh acgif;rl;í rtDromjzpfonfh a0'emukdcHpm;&um taemufwkdif;aq;ay;cef;

wpfckokdY vma&mufaq;ukorI cH,lcJhol vlemwpfOD;u ]]plvmezm reufwpfcGuf nwpfcGufaomufNyD; &ifxJrSm
tDvnfvnfBuD; jzpfvmygw,f/ olrsm;awGaumif;w,fqkdvdkY vkdufaomufMunfhwm reufu aq;cef;oGm;jyawmh
ty:aoG; 100? atmufaoG; 50 yJ&Sdw,f/ tcknaeykdif;rSmvnf; rtDromBuD; qufjzpfaewmeJY aq;ceff;ukd
vmcJhwmyg}} [k olrBuHKawGUcHpm;&orQukd taxGaxGa&m*gukq&m0efwpfOD;tm; &ifzGifhajymMum;cJhonf/
plvmezm aomufoHk;jcif;aMumifh ,ckuJhokdY rvkdvm;tyfonfh ab;xGufqkd;uskdK;rsm; BuHKawGUae&onf
rsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;í taxGaxGa&m*gukq&m0efwpfOD;u uRefawmfhaq;cef;ukd plvmezmaomufNyD; rtDromjzpfvkdY
vmwJh vlem&Sdovkd qD;eDNyD; 0rf;trnf;oGm;vkdY vmwJhvlemawG oHk;OD;avmuf &SdcJhygw,f/ 'geJY uRefawmfvnf;
plvmezmtaMumif; jynfhjynfhpkHpkHodcsifvkdY &SmMunfhwJhtcg WHO SEARO pmMunfhwkdufrSm odrf;qnf;xm;wJh
plvmezmeJY ywfoufwJh pmwrf;wpfapmifukd zwf½IcJh&ygw,f/ tJ'Dpmwrf;[m 1986 ckepf? rwfvu csKvmavmifuGef
aq;ynm*sme,frSm azmfjyxm;wJh pmwrf;yJjzpfygw,f/ pmwrf;&JU tqkdt& plvmezm wkdufauR;jcif;ukd <uufrsm;ESifh
prf;oyfcJh&mrSm plvmezmwkduftNyD; 12 ywftMumrSm tJ'D<uufawG&JU o&uf½GufawG[m rlvxuf BuD;vmNyD;
tonf;tifZkdif;rsm; wufvmwmukdvnf; awGU&w,fvkdYqkdygw,f}} [k ajymMum;cJhonf/ ,if;tjyif jrefrmEkdifiH
aq;okawoeXmerS wkdif;&if;aq; "mwfcGJuRrf;usifolwpfOD;u ]]obm0ayguf tyifawGqkdayr,fh tyifwkdif;rSm
rvkdvm;tyfwJh "mwfypönf;awG yg0ifaeavh&dSygw,f/ wcskKdUtyifawGrSmqdk&if oH"mwfawG vkdtyfwmxuf trsm;BuD;
ykd, yg0ifaewwfygw,f/ EGm;EkdYwkdY bmwkdYeJY tckd;owfNyD;rS oHk;pGJvdkY&wJh tyifrsKd;awGvnf; &Sdygw,f/ wcsKdUusjyefawmh
okH; av;cgavmuf jyKwfNyD;rS okH;pGJvkdY&wJh tyifrsKd;awGvnf; &dSaewwfygw,f/ aq;NrD;wkdukd oHk;pGJr,fqkd&if
em;vnfwwfuRrf;wJhol wpfOD;OD;eJY wkdifyifNyD;rS oHk;pGJoifhygw,f tJ'Dvkdr[kwfbJ ukd,fhoabmeJYukd,f tvG,fwul
0,f,loHk;pGJr,fqkd&if rvkdvm;tyfwJh qkd;usKd;awG 7ifqkdif&Ekdifygw,f}} [k tMuHay;pum; ajymMum;cJhonf/
,cifumvrsm;twGif;u jreffrmEkdifiHwGif aq;okawoeOD;pD;Xme[lí Xmewpfckwnf;om &SdaecJhaomfvnf;
,cktcg aq;okawoeOD;pD;Xme jreffrmjynf atmufykdif;? tv,fykdif;ESifh txufykdif;[lí XmeoHk;cktxd wkd;csJU
zGJUpnf;EkdifcJhNyD;jzpfNyD; ,if;aq;okawoeOD;pD;XmeBuD;oHk;ckwGif a&m*grsm; umuG,fukoEkdifonfh y&aq; trskKd;rsKd;ukd
&SmazGpkaqmif;xm;&Sdum okawoevkyfief;rsm; pepfwus aqmif½Gufvsuf&SdaMumif; od&Sd&onf .../
owif;t,f'DwmtzGJU? "mwfyHk - SN /
C
25.1.2006
WEEKLY ELEVEN NEWS
NO.16, VOL.1 wG i f y g 0 if a omowif ; aqmif ; yg ; ES i f h y wf o uf í ...
plvmezmeJY ywfoufvkdY om*'kd;u a&m*gawG awmfawmfaysmufuif;aMumif; a&;xm;wmeJY ywfoufNyD;

wkdif;&if;aq;½HkBuD;rS 'kaq;½HktkyfBuD;u ]]plvmezm aq;zuf0ifwmawmhrSefygw,f/ 'gayr,fh aq;zHkawGxJrSm a&mNyD;
azmfpyfwmrsKd;yJ toHk;jyKavh&Sdygw,f ... olUcsnf;oufouf oHk;zkdY uRefrwkdYbufu wpfcgrS rñTefMum;cJhygbl; .../
a&&SnfpGJpGJNrJNrJaomuf&if bmjzpfvmEkdifovJqkdwm tckcsdeftxd rod&ao;ygbl; tckrS okawoejyKvkyfaewJh
tqifhyJ &Sdygao;w,f}} [k ajymMum;cJhygw,f wJh/
]]plvmezmcsnf; oufoufoHk;zkdY wpfcgrS rñTefMum;cJhzl;yg}} qkdwmeJYywfoufNyD; ajymvkdwmuawmh
usef;rma&;0efBuD;Xme? wkdif;&if;aq;ynmOD;pD;Xmeu 2003ck? Zefe0g&DvrSm ]]ukd;um;usrf;tjzpf
toHk;jyKvkdolrsm;\ arQmfvifhawmif;wrIrsm;ukd jznfhqnf;ay;Ekdifa&;twGuf qkdNyD; ]]vufawGUtoHk;cs aq;zuftyif
rsm;aygif;csKyf}} tjzpf jyKpkxkwfa0cJhwJh yxrtBudrfxkwfpmtkyf pmrsufESm (448)rSm plvmezmeJY ywfowfNyD; azmfjy
xm;csuf tcsKdUukd atmufygtwkdif; avhvmzwf½IcJh&ygw,f .../
]]plvmezmyifukd tajcmufjzpfap tpkdjzpfap oHk;cGufwpfcGufwif jyKwfí &uf&SnfrSD0Jjcif;jzifh ptkdü
aygufaom rufuavmifemrsm;ukd aysmufuif;apygonf/ cE¨mukd,fwGif;&Sd temrsm;ukdvnf; ref;aMuí oufom
aysmufuif;apygonf .../
]]plvmezmjyKwf&nfonf qD;ukd &Tifaponf/ ukd,fa&0ga&m*g (tonf;a&miftom;0ga&m*g) ukdoufom
aysmufuif;apygonf}} .../ a&&SnfpGJpGJjrJjrJ aomufzkdYawmh r[kwfbl; &uf&SnfrSD0JzkdYyg wJh .../
'gayr,fh wkdif;&if;aq;½HkBuD;u ñTefMum;xm;wmawmh r[kwfbl;cifAsmh/ usef;rma&;0efBuD;Xme? wkdif;&if;
aq;ynmOD;pD;Xmeu a&;om;azmfjyxm;wJh ]]vufawGUtoHk;cs aq;zuftyifrsm; aygif;csKyfpmtkyfrSm azmfjyxm;wmyJ
jzpfygw,f/ 'Dae&mrSm wkdif;&if;aq;½HkBuD;eJY wkdif;&if;aq;ynmOD;pD;Xme rwlbl;qkd&ifawmh xm;vkdufygawmhav .../
plvmezmeJY ywfoufvkdY om*'kd;[m plvmezm (2) pmtkyfxJrSm ajymjyoGm;wm wpfck&Sdygao;w,f/
vnfyif;BuD;a&m*gukd plvmezm (wpfrsKd;wnf;) BudKaomuf&ef ... q&mBuD;OD;OmPfvGifukd,fwkdif oifMum;?ñTefjy
cJhwmygcifAsm (jrefrmEkdifiH wkdif;&if;aq;aumifpD0if jrefrmEkdifiH wkdif;&if;aq;q&mtoif; Ouú| jzpfonfh
q&mBuD;OD;OmPfvGif) 'Dae&mrSmq&mBuD; OD;OmPfvGif ajymjycsufukd jyefvnf azgufonfcs&rnfqkd&if .../
]]'DvkdAs ukd'kd;& plvmezmyif&JU *kPfowådu tylukdEkdifNyD; acszsufwwfwJh owådxl;&Sdw,f/ ukd,fwGif;tylNidrf;
apNyD;? ukd,fwGif;tyleJY ywfoufvkdY jzpfwJha&m*grSeforQukdacszsuf aysmufuif;apw,f/ oljyKwfaomufwmukdu
a&m*gtrsm;BuD;aysmufwm/ vnfyif;BuD;vmwmawGvnf;aysmufw,f/ tpmtdrfvrf;aMumif;udpöawGvnf;aysmuf
w,fAsm}} / q&mBuD;qufvufrdefYonfrSm ...
]]uRefawmfwkdY jrefrmorm;awmftzGJU w½kwfjynfoGm; avhvmMunf½IMuawmh [kdrSmvJ 'D ... plvmezmowådukd
,HkMunfod&SdNyD; odyfukdoHk;aeMuwmukd;Asmh/ olwkdYodwm oHk;wm usKyfwkdY twkdif;yJ aq;awGrSm
plvmezmxnfhoHk;wmrsm;pGm&Sdw,f/ NyD;awmh w½kwftrsKd;om;rsm; ukd,fwkdifuvnf; usKyfwkdY ½kd;&mtwkdif;yJ plvmezm
ukd a&m*gpHk twGuf tawmfukd jyKwfaomufw,f/ usKyfwkdY odovkdyJav uifqmtwGuf? tpmtdrfvrf;twGuf?
vnfyif;twGuf jyKwfaomufwmukdawGUodvmcJhwmygyJ ..../
usKyfwkdYu plvmezmvkdYac:wmukd olwkdYu a>rjzLyif (ykdufcsJ½Sf) vkdY a&S;½kd;tac:eJY ac:w,fav/
tac:uGJaomfvnf; tyifuawmh 'DtyifygyJav}} .../
ponfjzifh q&mBuD;OD;OmPfvGif u&Sif;vif;rdefYMum;oGm;ygonf .../
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jzpfygw,f/ a&TbHkomtxl;ukaq;cef;u q&m0efBuD;u ukd,feJY ra0;vSwJhae&m&dS q&mBuD;OD;ÓmPfvGifxH oGm;NyD;
]]uGrf;½GuftpGrf;}} udpö ... aqG;aEG; avhvmr,fqkd&ifjzifh tusKd;rsm;zkdY&Sdr,f xifygw,f/ tJ jrefrmAkdufu
arG;xGufaomfvnf; jrefrmhaq;ukd arG;uwnf;u txifwao; qkd&ifawmhvnf; ravQmufcsifawmhbl; ayhgAsm .../
tcsdefumv ... 1980ckESpf? pufwifbmvrSm ... twdtuseJYukd ajymyg qkdygw,fAsm/ uRefawmfom*'kd;eJY
OD;cspfarmifqkdwJh yk*d¾KvfwkdY q&mBuD;OD;ÓmPfvGifxHrSm qHkrdMuygw,f/ OD;cspfarmifqkdwm b@a7;Xme 'kwd,0efBuD;yg/
q&mBuD;u ]]cifAsm;wkdY rsufrSefxlBuD;awGeJYAsm ... 'D*&DusNyD; rsufrSefawG uRwfoGm;atmif cifAsm;wkdYukd enf;vrf;
ay;OD;rSyJ}} qkdNyD; ... uGrf;½Gufuyfenf;ukd ay;cJhwmyg .../ (1980r[kwf ... 1988 jzpfEkdifygonf) .../
'Dtcsdefwkef;u 'kd;[m vkyfom;jynfolUaeYpOfowif;pmrSm 'kwd,t,f'DwmcsKyfyg/ uRefawmfwkdY ESpfa,mufvHk;
jyu©'defrSm trSwftom;awGvkyfNyD; tNydKif uGrf;uyfcJhMuygw,f/ OD;cspfarmifu tHhMop&m uGrf;uyfí 7SpfvtMum
(89? arv) rSm vGwfvyfNyD; rsufrSef uRwfoGm;ygawmhw,f/ uRefawmfuawmh owif;pmtvkyfukd nOfheufoef;acgif
txd tvkyfvkyfae&í rsufrSeftuRwf aemufus&vm;yJ rodygAsm .../
uGrf;uyfonfESifh uRefawmf'kd;onf r[mAE¨Kvvrf;? yef;yJwef;or0g,r ... rsufrSefqdkifoGm;NyD; pepfwus
rSwfwrf;vkyfygw,f/ xkdqkdif&Sd rsufrSefuRrf;usifynm&Sif ukdwifxGef; (aomfwmaqGUwl) u usepGm
rSwfwrf;vkyfay;NyD; wpfv ESpfBudrf 'D*&D ppfay;cJhygw,f/ rSwfwrf;t& uRefawmf'kd;&JU rsufvHk;[m oHk;vwpfBudrf
rSefrSefBuD; 'D*&DusNyD; ukdaomfwmaqGUwlu rsufrSeftopf vkyfay;cJh&ygonf/ q&m0efBuD;awG ayghaygh vG,fvG,f
xifovdk uRefawmfwkdY ayghaygh vG,fvG,f rvkyfbJ tav;teuf vkyfcJhwmjzpfygw,f .../
a7TbHkomtxl;ukaq;cef; q&mBuD;ajymonfY ]]toufBuD;vm&if tvkdvkd rsufvHk; jyefaumif;w,f}}
qkdjcif;ukd uRefawmf ('kd;) vJ rSwfzl;? zwfzl;ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh ... tckxd xkdokdY jyefaumif;olukd wpfOD;rS
rqHkawGU&zl;ao;yg/ uRefawmf ('kd;) i,fpOfuyif owif;pmrsKd;pkHü vkyfchJ&m ... aeol&def? tkd;a0? jrefrmhtvif;?
Armacwf? vkyfom;jynfolYaeYpOfeJY aMu;rkHxd tzGJUqHkvkyfcJhzl;&m olwkdYxJrSm rsufvHk;jyefaumif;olqkdvdkY wpfa,mufrS
rawGUcJ&bJ ]]Mumav ... tkdav ... uef;av}} csnf; awGUcJh&wmygyJ/ 'kd;rSmu touf (75) rS (77) xd
tbdk;tkdaygif;(40)ausmf tygif;toif;&SdcJh&m oif;wkdYxJrSmvnf; BuD;vkdY rsufvHk; jyefaumif;vmolukd rBuHK rqHkzl;
vdkuf&ao;yg/ 'Dtbkd;awG[m *syefacwf wuúokdvf ausmif;aebufawGyg .../
'Dq&m0efBuD;rsm;[m &efukefwuúokdvfavmufom a&mufzl;onfh 'kd;ukd ESdrfcsKd;í txifao;
awG;Ekdifaomfvnf; atmufpzkdYu trfatatmifvmonfh OD;cspfarmifukdawmh txifwao;awG; ab;xm;vkdY r&Ekdifyg/
olu olUtcsdeftcgwkef;u urÇmYtpnf;ta0;awG? aqG;aEG;yGJawGukd wpfESpf oHk;acgufavmuf oGm;oGm;aecJh&NyD;
urÇmYbPf? tm&SbPf q&mwkdYeJYvnf; vHk;vm; axG;vm;yg/ OD;cspfarmif[m 89? arv aemufykdif;rSm
urÇmYtpnf;a0;rsm; oGm;wuffcJh&m tm;vHk; tm;vHk;[m rsufvHk;jyL;í txl; tHhMooGm;ukefMuygawmhw,f .../
tJ'DtcsdefrSm OD;cspfarmifrsufESmay:rSmu bmrsufrSefrS rygawmhvdkYygbJ .../
olwkdY tHhMoMuw,f/ ar;Muw,f pyfpkMuw,f/ rsuv f Hk;rsufrSef jyefaumif;apwJhynm/ 'DvdkynmrsKd;
jrefrmjynfrSm &Sdovm;wJh/ tJ'DrSm aocsmwmuawmh ]]cifAsm;[m toufBuD;vmvdk rsufvHk; jyefaumif;wmvm;}} vkdY
... wpfa,mufrS rajymMubl;av .../ olwkdYodwmaygh/ tcsdefwkdwkdeJY tvdkdvdk rsufrSefuRwfoGm;zkdY rjzpfEkdifbl; qkdwm
odwmaygh .../
NyD; .... q&m0efBuD;u ajymwm wpfck&Sdao;w,f ]]uavmift&Sdeft0geJY uGrf;uyf tavhjzpfvmwm[m
trSm;BuD;ukd pGJwmjzpfukefNyD; a&wdrform; tzkdY&mqkd rsufvHk;ysufpD;&m rkcsjzpfukefawmhr,f}} wJh .../
'Dae&mupNyD; om*'kd;a&;xm;wJh pmawGukd jyefvnf azmfjy NyD;oGm;ygNyD .../ uRefawmfuawmh qufNyD;
ajymvkdygao;w,f/ taemufwkdif; aq;ynmpmtkyfawGxJrSm uGrf;uyfenf; rygwmeJYyJ uGrf;½Gufudpöukd y,fcs
vdkufava&mh ovm;Asm/ taemufwkdif; aq;ynmpmtkyfawGxJrSm rygwJh jrefrmh"avhaq;ynm tjrmuftrsm;
vlawGxJrSm usefygao;w,f/ aemufwpfenf; ajym&&if uGrf;½Gufvkd t7GufrsKd; trsKd;trnf tajrmuftrsm;eJY
py,f&S,fvpfBuD;awG r&SdwJh aus;vufu jynfolawG[m rdrdwkdYjzpfwJh aoG;wkd;wkdY qD;csKdwkdY uifqmwkdYvkd a&m*grskKd;
ps
awGukdawmifrS rdrdwkdYbmom t½GufjyKwfaomuf&if; t&nfn§pfaomuf&if;eJY aysmufuif;oifhoavmuf

aysmufuif;ukefaMumif; oufomoifhoavmuf oufomukefMuaMumif;/ xkdenf;wlpGmyJ avmurSm jzpfavh
jzpfx&SdwJh ed,mrtwkdif;yJ raysmufwJhol roufomwJh olawGvnf; &SdwwfygaMumif; .../
aemufwcku q&m0efBuD;ajymovdk plvmezm? uGrf;pwJh pmtkyfawGukd om*'kd;&JU uavmift&Sdeft0gaMumifh
vltrsm;pku zwfMuNyD; tJ'Duavmift&Sdeft0gaMumifh uGrf;uyfMuwmr[kwfygbl; tJhovkdrsKd; om*'kd;u a&;?
vlawGu [kwfwm r[kwfwm tyxm; uavmift&Sdeft0gaMumifh vkdufvkyfaew,fqkd&if tJ'Dpmzwfy&dwfowfawG
tm;vHk;[m cyfwHk;wHk;? cyfacsmifacsmifawG jzpfoGm;rSmaygh .../
obm0rusygbl;cifAsm; ... pmzwfy&dwfowfawGxJrSm cyfayghayghav; NyD;NyD;a&mqkdNyD; zwfoGm;wJh
vlawGvnf;ygEkdifygw,f/ wu,fukd av;av;eufeuf zwfwJhvlawGvnf;ygEkdifygw,f/ wu,ftodynm&Sif
twwfynm&SifBuD;awGvnf; ygEkdifygw,f/ NyD;awmh jrefrmhaq;ynm&yfudk avhvmvkdufpm;NyD; vufawGUtoHk;csaewJh
q&m0ef a'gufwmawGawmifrS ygvmEkdifygw,f/ NyD;awmh omoemh0efaqmif yk*¾KdvfBuD;rsm;awmif ygvmEkdifygw,f
cifAsm; .../ 'gaMumifh pmzwfy&dwfowftm;vHk;ukd uavmift&Sdeft0gaMumifh qkdNyD; 0g;vHk;&SnfeJY odrf;BuHK;
r&rf;oifhaMumif;yg .../
NyD;awmh ... uGrf;½GuftMumif;ukd om*'kd;wpfa,mufwnf; a&;wmr[kwfbl;/ uGrf;½GuftMumif; a&;xm;wJh
tjcm;pmtkyfawGvnf; &Sdygao;w,f/ 'gaMumifh jrefrmEkdifiHrSm&SdwJh tyifawGtaMumif; a&;csif&if tJ'D
tyifawGtaMumif; t&ifodatmif avhvmNyD;rS a&;ygvkdY wkdufwGef; ajymMum;vkdygonf cifAsm; .../
uJ ed*kH;csKyf a&;&&if uRefawmfuawmh uGrf;½GufeJY plvmezma&;wJh om*'kd;ukd twdtvif;
axmufcHygaMumif;/ om*'kd;wifrubJ 'DvdkrsKd; aq;NrD;wkd pmtkyfawGa&;wJh pma&;ol (aq;ynm&Sif [kwfonfjzpfap?
r[kwfonfjzpfap/ okawoeynm&Sif [kwfonfjzpfap? r[kwfonfjzpfap/ pma&;q&m [kwfonfjzpfap?
r[kwfonfjzpfap/ v,fawmxJu OD;BuD;awGyif jzpfygap/ NyD;awmh rdom;pktm;vHk;twGuf wm0ef,lxm;&wJh
rtm;vyfwJhMum;xJu aq;NrD;wkdtMumif; ajymjywJh? usef;rma&;raumif;wJhtcg rD;zkdacsmif usyfckd;pifay:u
toD;t½GufawGeJY aq;azmfNyD;wkdufcJhwJh tarawGyifjzpfygap/) tm;vHk;ukd aus;Zl;wif BudKqkd axmufcHygaMumif;/ 'Dvdk
tarhtaMumif;ukdyg bmvkdY xnfhajymjzpfoGm;wmvnf;qkdawmh ]]aq;zuf0ifuGrf;½Gufwpf½GufESifh taray;aom
aq;enf;wkdrsm;}} qkdwJh pmtkyfwpftkyfukdyg zwf½IavhvmcJh&vdkygyJ cifAsm; .../
&ifxJrSm uvduvdeJYrkdY qufNyD; azmufonfcscsifygao;w,f/ tJ'D ]]uGrf;wpf½GufESifh tarhaq;enf;wkdrsm;}}
pmtkyfrsufESmzHk;[m awmfawmhukd t"dyÜg,f ay:vGif vGef;vSygw,fAsm .../ pmtkyfa&;ol&JU tBuHÓmPfvm;? 'DZdkif;q&m&JU
tBuHÓmPfvm;awmh rodbl;/ tawmfhukd t"dyÜg,f ay:vGif vGef;vSygw,f/ uRefawmf awUGzl;zwfzl;wJh pmtkyf (60)
cefYrSm awGUcJ&wmu aq;q&mBuD;eJY vlawG&JUykH 'grSr[kwf toD; tyGifh t½Guf tyifawG&JU ykHawGyJ xyfcgxyfcg awGUcJh
7ygw,f/ tck uRefawmf ajymr,fh pmtkyftzHk;&JU o½kyfazmfyu kH awmh uGrf;wpf½GufxJyHk&,f NyD;awmh a7TawG aiGawG
'*Fg;awG ywåjrm;awG yHkukd o½kyfaz:xm;jcif;ygyJ .../
pmtkyf&JUemrnfu ]]aq;zuf0ifuGrf;wpf½GufESifh taray;aomaq;enf;wkdrsm;}} .../ qGJxm;wJh
o½kyfazmfyHku uGrf;wpf½GufeJY a&G? aiG? '*Fg;Nym;awG ywåjrm;awG&JUyHk}} .../ taray;wJh aq;wpfcGufpm[m a&T? aiG?
ausmufoH? ywåjrm;awGavmuf wefzkd;&dSw,ff/ a&T? aiG? ausmufoH? ywåjrm;awG&JU wefzkd;eJY EIdif;qr,f qkd&ifawmif
wkEIdif;vkdY rrDatmif wefzkd;&Sdw,f qkdwJh ... t"dyÜg,f trsKd;rsKd;awG[m ÓmPfuGef&ufukd jzefYawG;vkdufwkdif;
rGefjrwfoefYpifwJh t"dyÜg,f trsKd;rsKd;awG xGufaewm[m tHhMop&mwpfyg;ygyJAsm .../ tarwkdY ay;wJh
arwåma&jynfh0aewJh usyfckd;wdkufxm;wJh aq;yifav;[m ao&awmhr,fqJqJ a&m*gaysmufuif;oGm;&if
tJ'Dtaray;wJh aq;enf;av;&JU wefzkd;ukd bmeJYjzwfrSmvJ/ a7Tvm; aiGvm; pdefvm; .../ tkd pm½IolrdwfaqG
wefzkd;jzwfMunfhprf;ygavmh .../
'gaMumifhrkdY uRefawmfwkdY jrefrmawG&JU aq;NrD;wkd awmfawmfrsm;xJrSm jrefrmwkdY vufcHusihfoHk;aewJh uHeJY uH&JU
tuskKd;awG arwåm opömpwJh yg&rDpGrf;tm;awG[m a&ukd om;vkdYMum;rxif a'G;a&m,Sufwif yg0ifaeygw,f/ 'gukd
jrefrmwpfa,muftaeeJY jrefrmvkdawG;NyD; wifjyjcif; pdwfapwemtay: pmzwfolwkdY&JU pdwfapwemeJY wpfxyfwnf;
usEkdifygapvkdY qE´jyK&if; ed*kH;csKyfygw,f .../
(v,fuGufxJu rIdewkd ...)•
n
l aq;ukdtvGeftrif;pm;oHk;rdygvQif L
aysmufvkdaZmjzifh aq;tcsdeftqukd ykdí toHk;rjyKtyfyg .../
tu,fí tvGeftrif; pm;oHk;rdygvQif ...
(u) aoG;? avrsm; vIyf&Sm;vmNyD; ukd,fta&jym;rsm; eDjref;vmwwfjcif;/

(c) ykd;&Grsm; ukdufouJhokdY cHpm;&jcif;/
(*) tom;ta&ay:wGif tzktydefYrsm; jzpfwwfjcif;/
xkdokdY jzpfay:cJhvQif pm;aeus aq;tcsdeftqudk avQmhpm;oifhonf/

0rf;Ekwfay;jcif;ukdvnf; jyKoifhonf .../ (pm? 37)
pmukd; !
okawoDjrifhxGef;
ckESpf&ufom;orD;rsm; ... xkdokdYjzpfvQif þokdYvkyfyg ... pmtkyfaumufEkwfcsuf .../
'kw,d tBurd /f 2003 JAN. prf;oDwmpmay .../
k txl;rSwfcsuf K
1/ (eEGif;cg;ESifhysm;&nf) = eEGif;cg;aq;vHk;ü ysm;&nfajcmufcef;jcif;/ "mwfaysmufjcif;wdkY jzpfvQif ysm;&nfu

xdef;xm;aom eEGif;cg;rSm aoaq;yrm jzpfoGm;wwfonf/ owdjyK .../
2/ bkr®&mZmwdkY? eEGif;cg;wdkY? qifwkH;rEG,fwdkY? 0gZDu&PwdkY? eHYomeDwdkY? EG,fcsKwd dkY? rjcpfO ponfwdkYrSm

txdef;tuGyf rygbJ roHk;oifhaom aq;trnfrsm; jzpfygonf/ ¤if;trnfrsm;ESifh wGJzufí rdrdwdkYzmom
aq;azmfawmhrnf qdkvQif wwfuRrf; em;vnfaomolrsm;ESihf wdkifyifNyD;rS azmfpyfyg .../
(pmudk;/ / om*'dk;? plvmezm (3) pmtkyfrS)
#
X
# rSwfpk&Sif\trSmpm #
vlawGxJu ... vlaygif;ajrmufrsm;pGmu azmfxkwfa&;om;wJh ]]jrefrmaq;NrD;wkd}} pmtkyfaygif; rsm;pGmukd

rnfrQyif txyfxyf tcgcg zwfxm;ygaomfvnf; wu,f toHk;jyKvkdwJhtcg ]]b,faq;enf;[m ...
b,fpmtkyfxJrSm}} qkdwmukd twdtus rajymEkdifawmhyg/ pmtkyfawGrSmygwJh rmwdumt& jyef&Smaomfvnf;
ae0if;(vef'ef) &JU pmtkyf wpftkyfu vGJvkdY usefwJhpmtkyfu aq;enf;awG ... jyef&Sm&wm rvG,fulawmhyg .../
ae0if;(vef'ef) &JU pmtkyf uawmh pmtkyfaemufykdif;rSm aq;enf; tu©7mpOftñTef; yg&SdvkdY vkdcsifwJh aq;enf;
jyef&Sm&wm vG,fuklcJhygw,f/
'gaMumifh .... pmtkyfwpftkyfxJrSm pkaygif;jyeful;xnfhNyD; tu©&mpOf tñTef;eJY vkyfxm;&ifawmh &SmvkdY
vG,fulr,f? vkdtyfolawGtwGuf trsm;BuD; toHk;wnfhvdrfhr,f qkdwm pOfpm;rdvkdY aq;NrD;wkdpmtkyf (28) tkyfxu J
rdrd pdwfBudKufenf;av;awGukd a&G;xkwf.../ NyD;awmh pmtkyfwpftkyfxJrSm pkpnf; rSwfpkxkwfcJhygw,f/ a&Sykdif;rSm
rmwdumpOfNyD; aemufykdif;rSm tu©&mpOf tñTef;eJY &SmvkdY vG,fatmif pepfwus pkpnf;EkdifcJhygw,f .../
tJ'DtcsdefrSm aq;enf;awGeJY ywfoufvkdY tjrif rwlnDrIukd wifjyMuwJh owif;aqmif;yg; ESpfyk'f xyfrH
zwf½IcJh&vkdY 'DrSwfpkzwfr,fh yk*¾dKvfawG ykdNyD; vGwfvGwfvyfvyf qHk;jzwfEkdifatmif 'Dpmtkyf tprSm jyefvnf azmfjy
ay;xm;ygw,f/ NyD;awmh vloHk;rsm;wJh pum;yHk (2)ck ukdyg xnfhoGif; pOfpm;vkdY&atmif atmufrSm azmfjyxm;ygw,f
.../
tkd pm½Iol ... cGJjcrf;pdwfjzmí .../
pm½Iol pdwfwkdif;us vGwfvyfpGm qHk;jzwfygavmh .../
uRefawmf ESpfjcdKufwJh pum;yHk (2)ck uawmh ...
$ rod o l a usmf o G m ; ... od o la zmf p m; .../
$ oH k ; wwf & if a q; ... roH k ; wwf & if a b; .../
xyfrH yefMum;vkdwmu 'DrSwfpk&JUtp owif;aqmif;yg (2)yk'fukd zwf½INyD;vkdY pdwf0ifpm;w,f qkd&if om*'kd;&JU
plvmezm (1) eJY plvmezm (2) tjyif 'DrSwfpkrSm rygao;wJh plvmezm (3) ukdyg &SmazG zwf½IoifhaMumif;yg .../
aqGpOfrsKd;quf ... aq;rSwfpkxkwfol ...

om;pOfajr;quf ... 23.7.2006
rsKd;qufopfwkdYtwGuf ... we*FaEGaeY
!
¡
e wkdif;&if;aq;a0g[m&ESifhodzG,f (t"dyÜm,f) e
uvkdifokwfonf (rvkdifokwfonf) = aMu;tkfd;? aMu;cGufrsm;ukd okwfvdrf;aom oHjzLrvdkif (tdEd´,)/

usyf = vnfyif;ü tzktusdwfxGufaomtemwpfrsKd;/
usyfykwD;em = vnfyif;ürmaMumaomtzkwGJrsm; wGJvsm;usaejcif; (ykwD;vHk;rsm;ESifhwl)/
usyfckd; = usyfc;kd pifwGifuyfaeonfh rD;ckd;rSjzpfonfhtrIefY/
ukd,fa&0ga&m*g = tonf;a&mif? tom;0ga&m*g/
Muufwuf&nf = t&nf? tzwfa&mae&mrS te,fxkdifapNyD;? ty:,HrS,lxm;aom t&nfMunf/
MuufoD;aEG; = a&ryl ... aEG;½HkrQom/
<uufrD;wef; = aumfcyfvkdufaomtcg t&nfyspfyspfwef;í ygvmonf/
uifqm = qJ(vf)awG tuefYtowfr&Sd uGJyGm;oGm;NyD; cE¨mukd,f&JU
tjcm;tpdwftykdif;awGrSm topftajcwnfum topfxyfrHBuD;yGm;jcif;/
(jrefrm = jrpfyGm;em)
ukuúKd (jrefrm) = ukuúKdoD;rSm jym;í t0ga&mifoef;onf/ (aq;zuf0ifukuúKd)
ukuúKd (oabFm) = ukuúKdoD;rSm vHk;í tndKa&mifoef;onf/ (EGm;BudKuf)
unGwf = &SOfhrwuf (xGufcgptyifEk = unGwf/ tyifBuD;vQif = &SOfhrwuf)
clem = vufacsmif;xdyfwGif aygufaomtem/
csif;ajcmuf = oabmFcsif;ajcmuf = oabFmjzifh tdE´d,rS vmaomcsif;ajcmuf (tpkdr[kwf)/
csif;ajcmufr&EkdifvQif csif;tpkdukd tajcmufcHNyD; xnfhoHk;í r&yg .../
csif;ajcmufvkyfenf;twkdif; pDrHjyKvkyfrS&onf .../
tajcmufcH½kHESifh csif;ajcmufrjzpfyg .../ (&Sifem*odef twGJ (1)? pm? 182)
cs&m;yif = ca&yif/
cs&m;yGifh = ca&yGifh/
*Ekda&m*g = qD;yl anmif;usESifh wloovm;rod .../ (jyefppf&ef)
*&if*sDem = b&if*sDem = ptkdt*FgpyfwGif wGif;uav;jzpfí aygufwwfaomtem/
ikBuD; = zGm;zuf/ (aq;azmf&mwGif oHk;aomikyif)
ijzLBuD; = EGm;jzLBuD; = rk½kd; = r½kd;yif/ (¤if;tyifonf t½Guf? ½kd;wHutp jzLonf)
tpdrf;a&miftEkonf tjzLa&mifzufodkY vkaeonf? tjzLrsm;aeonf/
qm; (½ku©rlqm;) = tyif yOöig;yg;ukd jymcs? jymukd a&ESifhazsmf? jymazsmf&nfrS t&nfMunfukd
,lí BudKcsuf? a&cef;vQif ½ku©rlqm;ukd &rnf/
(½ku©rlqm;onf twkdif;tqtenf;i,fomoHk;&ojzifh aq;nm&Sif
r[kwfaom t&yfom;rsm; roHk;oifh/ okHk;rdvQif a&m*gaysmufcsifaZmjzifh
aq;vGefwwfonf/) (wefaq; vGefab;)
qm; (odaE¨mqm;) = aq;zuf0if tnKda&mifqm;/
(tdE´d,EkdifiH odE¨Ke,frS xGuf&Sdonfukd tpGJjyKíac:aomtrnf .../)
qm;rD;zkwf = uGr;f ½GufuawmhwGif xnfhí rD;zkwfxm;aomqm;/
qD;ylanmif;us = rdef;rukd,fjzpfap? a,mufsm; usifacsmif;rSjzpfap tusdtcRJrsm;usonfha&m*g/
*Ekda&m*gESifh wlovm;rod .../ (jyefppf&ef)
qifclvnfjywfem = vnfukyf qH&if;wGif aygufaomtem/
aqmif;ar;cg;em = ESmap;? ESmydwf? ESm,kdaoma&m*g/
qHkqkdYem (qkHZkdYem) = vnfacsmif;twGif;ü jzpfaomtemwpfrsKd;
P
qifwHk;rEG,f = qiforEG,f = qifpmrEG,f = qif½kd;rEG,f = qifidkrPd/

(vlodrsm;aom trnfig;rskKd;)
qefyHk;&nf = qefaq;&nftm; oHk;&ufcefY xm;aomt&nf/
(rauG;0if;jrifh vlxJuaq;ynm/ pm? 94)
qefyHk;&nf = qefaq;&nf? xrif;&nfESpfyg; qwla&m? xrif;Murf;cJxnfh/
qm;vnf; tenf;i,f xnfhNyD; (10)&uf cefYxm;yg/ t&nfMunf iSJY ,lyg/
qefyHk;&nf&\/
(OD;vScif (qef;nGefYOD;)/ rD;zkdacsmifrSaq;pGrf;aumif;rsm;/ twGJ(1)? pm? 21)
aq;NrD;wkd = tema&m*grsm;udk aq;tr,f wpfrsKd; ESpfrsKd;avmuf (aq;trnf tenf;i,f)
ESifh aysmufuif;apEkdifaomaq;/
(aq;tr,f av; ig;q,favmuf ygwJh aq;enf;awGusawmh tNrD;&SnfwJh
oabmygyJ aq;trnfenf;&if aq;NrD;wkd? aq;rnfrsm;&if aq;NrD;&Snf .../)
qifajcaxmufa&m*g = ykd;wpfrsKd;aMumifh ajcaxmufBuD;vmaoma&m*g/
Bwdzv = opfqdrhfoD;? MupkoD;? qD;jzLoD;/
Bwdu#Kwf = i½kwfaumif;? ydwfcsif;oD;? csif;ajcmuf/
awmqD;jzL = awmifqD;jzL = ajrqDjzL = a7qD;jzL = ykwD;jzL /
xdyfuyfem (xdyfcwfem) = ESmacgif;ydwfqkdYa&m*g/
xHkempkd (xHkeZkd) = wpfenf; pm;aumif;? tdyfaysm?f "mwfcsKyf? toHrxGuf? ukd,fum,atmufykdif;
xHkusifukdufcJ? av;vHazma&mif (orm;awmfpmapmif 7-10/ OD;xGef;vIdif
rtlyifNrdKU\ wkdif;&ifaq;ynm ESD;aESmyGJwGif zwfMum;onfhpmwrf;) (wpfenf;)
tm[m& "mwfcsKdUwJhrIaMumifh azma&mifaom xHkusifemwpfrsKd;/
(q&mBuD;OD;csrf; touf&Snf&mtemrJhaMumif; aq;pGrf;aumif;rsm;)
'EÅokc = odMum;rukd#f = ref;av;yif/
'lvm = tqpftjrpf ukdufcJaom a,mufsm;a&m*g/
'lvmoa&m = usifacsmif;ukdufNyD; qD;ESifh a&mí tjzLzwfrsm; xGufusaoma&m*g/
qD;oGm;cg;ukduf/
'defcsOfvkyfenf; = EkdYukd em&D0ufavmuf BudKNyD;awmh oefYjyefwJhae&mrSm (2)&ufavmuf 'Dtwkdif;
xm;vdkuf&if tcsOf0ifí 'defjzpfvm\/ 'D ... 'defxJu wpfZGef;avmuf EkdYxJ
xnfYvdkuf&if wpf&ufxJeJY 'def jzpfwmaygh .../
eEGifcg; = 0aomaoG;wkd;orm;ESifh wnfh? ydefaomaoG;wkd;orm;ESifh rwnfh/
(rauG;0if;jrifh aoG;wkd;avjzwfpmtkyfrS)
yifv,ftlem = (yifv,ftlavQufem) 0rf;jyif;xefpGm &pfNyD;? atmhtH 0rf;oGm; a&m*g/
txufvSefatmufavQm[kvnf; ac:onf /
yg'&uf ('lvmyg'7uf) = ajcaxmufatmufykdif; aoG;av tvdkufrnDaoma&m*g/
yOöig;yg; = toD; tyGifh t½Guf tacguf tjrpf (wpfyifvHk; tm;vHk;yg)/
zsOf; = aoG; av t&nfaMumifh 0rf;Akdufyl? azmif;aomt&m/
zGwfptkdem (zGwfokdem) = ESmacgif;twGif;ü ESmykwfwnfí ESmacgif;tHk yGeDaewwfaoma&m*g /
rufuavmif = tjyif;zsm;í ptkd0wGif jynfzki,frsm; jzpfay:aejcif;a&m*g/
rkwå = uyfy,ftdwfa&mifa&m*g/
jrif;o½kdufem = (wpfenf;) ptkd0wGif tom;ykdxGufí jzpfaoma&m*g/
(0rf;roGm;bJ avcsKyfjcif;? wpfcgw&H 0rf;AkdufESifh &ifrSm jynfhu,faejcif;?
NrD;an§mifhESifhcg;qpfukdufjcif; 0rf;rSmyspfcRJ? aoG;ovdyfuJhokdY oGm;jcif;?
&Hzef&Hcg pjrif;? &Hzef&Hcg aoG;qif;jcif;wkdYonf jrif;o½kdufem\ vu©Pm .../)
w
jrpfcsif;NyD; = tjcm;aq;tr,f a&mpGwf&efrvkdbJ aq;tr,f wpfrsKd;wnf;jzifh a&m*g

temukd ukoEkdifaomaq; .../
jrpfajcmufem = acsmif;qkd; aoG;yg tqkwfa&m*g (TB)/
taoG;tom; cef;ajcmufonfh a&m*g .../
jrif;zkem = vlukd,fwGif; azmif;rkdY <uplaeaom tusdwfvHk;/
rSu©½k (ru©½k) = uav;i,fwkdY vQm? Ekwfcrf; twGif;ykdif;ü tjzLpuf? taysmufrsm;ay:ü
emusifaeaoma&m*g
rD;uGif;*rkef;\t½Guf = wpfzufpdrf;? wpfzufc&rf;a&mif/
jrpfyGm;em = uifqm (u. tu©&m uifqmwGif½I)
&Sm;apmif;od*Feduf = kiss me quick = b,fvdrfnmvdrf (awmifBuD;tc:)/
&om,eaq; = vlom;wkdYtm; touft&m taxmif&Snfap&ef? wnfwHhap&ef
taoG;tom;ESifh tm;wkdYukd wkd;yGm;apaomaq; .../
½ku©rlqm; = tyif yÍöig;yg;ukd rD;½IdIU jymcsí &aomjymtm; a&pdrfNyD; t&nfMunfu,
Jh l?
,if;t&nfMunftm; usKdcsuf/ aemufqHk; a&cef;oGm;vQif ½ku©rlqm;&rnf/
½ku©rlqm;onf twkdif;tq tenf;i,fomoHk;&ojzifh aq;ynm&Sif
r[kwfaom t&yfom;rsm; roHk;oifh/ oHk;rdvQif a&m*gaysmufcsifaZmjzifh
aq;vGefwwfonf/ (wefaq;vGefab;)
½SOfrwuf = unGwf (xGufcgp = unGwf? tyifBuD; = ½SOfhrwuf)
av;zufem (av;bufem) = txkdiftx cufonfh ajcqpfvufqpf emusifaoma&m*g/
vdyfacgif; = ptkd0 taMumrsm; a&mif7rf; plxGufaoma&m*g /
owåK&nf = aq;yif\ t½Guf (okdY) yÍöig;yg;ukd Budwfajc axmif;n§pfí 7aom
(a&ra&m7ao;onfh a&rygonfh) yuwdt&nf/
oHowf&nf = ,if;owåK&nfukd rD;ylay;xm;aom oHjym;ay:avmif;csvQif oHowf&nf7rnf/
,if;owåK&nfxJokdY oHacsmif;rD;zkwfukdxnfhvQif oHowf&nf&rnf/
(Oyrm ... oHyk&moD; n§pfí &aomt&nfukd owåK7nf[kac:NyD;
,if;a&ra&m&ao;aom oHyk&mowåK&nfukd rD;tylay;xm;aom oHjym;ay:
avmif;csvkdufvQif oHyk&moHowf&nfukd &rnf .../)
oabFmrJZvD = rJZvDBuD; = ayG;ukdif;/
orifjzLa&m*g = tjzLqGwfqGwfrsm;? tjzLuGufrsm; (ukd,fcE¨may:ü)/
odaE¨mqm; = aq;zuf0if tndKa&mifqm;/
(tdEd´,EdkifiH odE¨Ke,frS xGuf&Sdonfukd tpGJjyKí ac:aomtrnf)
Oy'á0g = ab;&ef? ab;Oy'?f tEÅ&,f/
= ykdrkd &SyfaxG;aomtajctae jzpfvmatmif jyKvkyfaomt&m
= tajctaeykdqkd;vmatmif xyfwkd;aomt&m/
temrD; temvQH = ta&jym;ay:wGif rD;avmifzkuJhokdY eD&JpGm jzpfay:aeaom tem/
tifysOf = ta&jym;ay:wGif teDtydefYrsm; ysOfvkdufxGufaom ,m;emwpfrsKd;/
tmoD;a&mif = yoda&mif/
x
(1) plvmezmESifhaq;enf;aq;yifrsm; (1)

om*'dk;
yxrtBudrf? 2005? ar/ wefzdk; 700usyf/ pmayavmu .../
1/ plvmezmESifh aysmufuif;aoma&m*grsm; ...

yÍöig;yg; ... vufwpfqkyfcefY okHcGufwpfcGufwif? usKdaomuf .../
(1) a&zsOf;a&m*gaysmuf ...
(2) tonf;a&m*gtwGufvnf; odyfudkaumif;ygw,f ...
(3) uifqma&m*gyg aysmufonf[k Mum;zl;xm;onf (a&m*gEk&ifaysmuf) ...
(4) t&ufaomufcsifpdwf ukefvmNyD;aemuf t&ufjzwfvdkufonf ...
(5) tanmif;a&m*gaysmuf ...
(6) ESm&nfpdk&TJa&m*gaysmuf ... (qm;a&aEG;jzwfoef;enf;eJYvJaysmufonf) (pm? 27)
(7) vdyfacgif;? aoG;,dk? b&if*sDem aysmuf ...
(8) acgif;&Sif;oGm;onf? acgif;MunfoGm;onf? acgif;½Iyfwmaysmuf ...
(9) tyludkajczsufEdkifaom *kPfowdå&dSonf .../ (pm? 1-167)
2/ uGrf;½GufESifh aysmufuif;aoma&m*grsm; ...

(1) ESvkH;a&m*g (Heart Attack)
ESvkH;aoG;aMumydwf? touf&SL&yf? touf&SLMuyfjzpfvkdufwmeJY ½kwf½kwfoJoJawG rvkyfrdatmif owdxm;yg/
udk,feJYpdwfudk NidrfNidrfxm;yg/ pdwfukd owdeJY xdef;xm;yg/ touf&SLjcif;ukd r&? &atmifBudK;pm;yg/ 'DA[kokwav;ukd
csufcsif;ajy;owd&NyD; ... uRefawmf ... NidrfEkdiforQ Nidrfum toufukd r&? t& BudK;pm;&SLygonf/ vGefpGm
yifyef;ygonf/ &ifbufay: wif;ykwfzdxm;ovkd ... rcsdonfhMum;u wtm;Budwfum BudK;pm;NyD; touf&SLawmhrS ...
tifrwefrQifrQifav; p &SLEkdifonf .../ (pm? 7)
þwGif ukd,fhtoufukdukd,f ... jyefatmifyGJcHwm jzpfygawmhonf/ wkdvDrkdvDA[kokwu tusKd;ay;jyefygNyD/
touf&SLvkdY tenf;tyg;&oGm;NyD;aemuf ukd,fhESvkH; taMumydwfESufonfh ]][wf twwf}} ukd? csufususuyfí
ausmfjzwfEkdifygNyD .../ (pm? 7)
eHeufa&csKd;NyD;wkdif; &ifbufESvkH;wnfhwnfhae&m vuf0Jbuf&iftkHrSm aeYpOfuGrf;½Gufwpf½Guf uyfygonf/
,aeY 15ESpf &SdygNyD ... xkdESvkH;u wpfcgom'ku©ay;NyD; ckxd touf&Sif? touf&SnfcJhonfrSm xkduGrf;½GuftusKd;?
uGrf;½Gufwefckd;[k uRefawmf{uefxifygonf .../ (pm? 8)
uGrf;av;wpf½Guf[m ... ESvkH;eJYqkdifaom a&m*gtEÅ&m,frSeforQ vkH;0ruyfNidapzkdYtwGuf taumif;pm;
pufuav;wpfvkH; wyfxm;ovkdygyJ/ 'Davmufukd aumif;ygonf .../ (pm? 10)
(2) rsufpda&m*g? a&wdrfa&m*g ...

nwkdif; uGrf;½Gufuyf&if (8)vESifh (14)vtwGif; rsufrSefuRwfEkdifygonf/ rsufvkH;axmifhrsm;ü vufrcGHt½G,f
uGrf;½Gufukd a&pGwfíuyfyg/ t"durSm ... rsufvkH;\ESmacgif;buf axmifhESpfckukd *½kjyKuyf&ef/ aeYtcg
vnf;uyfEdkifygonf/ Computer Munfholrsm;? pavmif; TV Munfholrsm;vnf; uyfoifhygonf/ rsufvkH;
tvkH;vkdufBuD;ukdufwJh a&wdrfa&m*g? rIefwJha&m*g? rl;wJha&m*gESifh Ekaomwdrfrsm; aysmufuif;ygonf/ (pm? 13-21)
(3) em;xdkif;? em;av;a&m*g ...

uGrf;½Gufukd '*Fg;0kdif;yrmPcefY qkyf,lNyD; cyfvHk;vHk;av;vkyfum? em;0wGif xnfhay;xm;vQif ESpfvavmuf
xnfhay;½kHjzifh ododomomukd jyefaumif;ygonf/ w,fvDzkef;ESifh prf;vQif vG,fvG,fodomygonf/ ta&;wBuD;
owday;vkdonfrSm ... em;ukd jrufxdyf? owif;pm? *Grf;? wkwpf onfjzifh ZdrfcHum t,m;ajzwmrsKd; vkH;0rvkyfygESifh/
1
vkyfvQiftusifh ygoGm;NyD; qufumqufum vkyfjzpfoGm;um {uefem;yif;awmhrSm jzpfygonf/ em;xJrS tm½kHcH?

toHMum; trQifav;rsm; ysufpD;oGm;aomaMumifhjzpfygonf .../ (pm? 23)
(4) tmacgiftzka&m*g? vQmemusifylavmifa&m*g? oGm;zkH;ckH;xem ...

tmacgifrSm tylzkawGjzpfvm&if vufESpfvHk;avmufuGrf;½Gufukd uyfNyD;vQmeJY xdef;xm;vdkuf ... wpfaeY
wpfn omomeJYaysmufygw,f/ yxrpyfovkd? aemufxkHovkdjzpfNyD; aysmufwmyJ/ vQmrSmemusOf? ylavmifemjzpfchJ
&ifvnf; 'Denf;twkdif;vkyf .../ (pm? 41)
oGm;zkH;cHk;xNyD; emwm? uGrf;½GufikH ... uGrf;½Gufuyf .../ (pm? 138)
(5) acgif;ukdufrsm;wJha&m*g ...

em;xifwGif uGrf;½Gufuyf .../ (pm? 138)
(6) vdyfacgif;ESifh vdyfacgif;aoG;,dkqif;a&m*g ...

uGrf;½Gufukd vdyfí? vHk;í ptdkwGif xnfhvQifaysmuf\ .../ (pm? 137)
uGrf;½Gufwpf½Gufukd aeY0ufcefYoHk;Ekdifonf/ aoG;xGuf? aoG;,dk&yf½kHr[kwf ... a&m*g<uum rmefxovkd
jzpfaeaom vdyfacgif;rSm wjznf;jznf;usKHUí aysmufoGm;rnf .../ (pm? 141)
(7) vdyfacgif;aysmufaq;enf; (ae0if;vef'efpmtkyfrS)

uGrf;½Gufukd Budwfíjzpfap? axmif;íjzpfap ... aMuatmifjyKvkyfyg/ t&nfESifhwuG aMuaeaomuGrf;½Gufukd
vdyfacgif;ay:okdY wnfhwnfhuyfyg/ t0wfESifhvnf; uyfEkdifygonf/ 15&ufxuf ykdrvkyfbJ aysmufuif;Ekdifygonf .../
tESpf(30)cefY vdyfacgif;a&m*gpGJuyfaeojzifh aq;½kHwufí tBudrfBudrfjzwfcJh&ygonf/? aq;trsKd;rsKd;pm;
cJhaomfvnf; oufom½kHrSty t&Sif;raysmufyg/ þaq;enf;twkdif;vkyfrS tjrpfjywfaysmufuif;ygonf .../
(ae0if;vef'ef? pm? 161)
(8) a,musfm;tlusa&m*g ...

Am'H½Guf (t&yftac: b@myifrS t½Guf) okdYr[kwf uGrf;½Gufukd a&m*gae&mrSm tkH? NyD;awmh
tokdif;eJYqkdif;xm;/ 'DaeYxkyfxm;wmukd aemufwpfaeYvJay;/ 'g[m ... tlusapwJh tyl"mwfukd z,facsapwJh
oabmyJ/ 'guawmh ... udk,fawGUr[kwfbl;/ olrsm;ukwmawGYvkdY jyefajymwm .../ (pm? 143)
3/ ajcz0g;qm;yGwfjcif;ESifh aysmufuif;aoma&m*grsm; ...

(1) ajcz0g;qm;yGwfenf; ...
ajcaxmufukd a&avmif;vkdufygw,f/ vufxJ qm;wpfqkyfukdifum a&csKd;cef;0rSm xkdifygw,f/ 'Daemuf
ajcz0g;ESpfbufukd rsufESmcsif;qkdifay;NyD; qm;jzL;ygw,f/ ajcz0g;ESpfbufukd jznf;jznf;csif;yGwfygw,f/ wpfcg
qm;jzL; ygw,f/ NyD;awmh ajcz0g;csif; yGwfygw,f/ qm;wpfqkyf rukefrcsif; 'Dtwkdif;yJ vkyfwmygyJ/ NyD;&if ...
okH;rdepfavmufem;NyD; ... ajcz0g;ukd qm;"mwfukefatmif a&pifpifaq;yg .../
'gukd ... nwdkif;vkyfNyD;rS ... tdyfyg .../
aemufwpfenf; ... yvyfpwpfZvkHus,fxJ qm; okH;? av;q,fom;avmufxnfhNyD; ukvm;xkdifay:uae
ajcESpfacsmif;ZvkHxJxnfhNyD; ajcukdvIyf½Sm;um yGwfay;wmygyJ/ 'guykdvG,fw,f/ qm;vnf;rukefbl;/ 'DESpfenf;ukd
tqifajyovkd yGwfay;yg .../ (pm? 35)
(2) aysmufuif;aoma&m*grsm; ...

(u) qHyiftuRwf&yfNyD; qHyifjyefayguf ...
2
(c) ajcz0g;at;NyD; cPcPzsm;wwfaoma&m*gaysmufí ajcz0g;jyefaEG;vmNyD; ... ajctdwfr0wf&awmhyg/

(*) tanmif;tnmawG? ZufaMumwufwmawG aysmufuif;½kHrubl;?
tESdyfcH&wJh b0rS vkH;0vGwfajrmufoGm;w,f .../ (pm? 35-36)
4/ tpmpm;pOf jzpfwwfwJh rl;wl;wl;? qkdYw kdYwkdYa&m*g (tpmqkdY? aoG;qkdY? avqkdY) ...

uRefawmf ... xrif;pm;&if; bmjzpfrSef;rodbl; ... qkdYNyD; toufr&SLEkdifwm? rl;wl;wl;? qkdYwkdYwdkYBuD; jzpfwmeJY
xdkifcsvkduf&w,f/ tJ'grsKd;u ae&mwkdY? tcsdefwkdY ra½G;bl;/ qkdYcsif&if ... qkdYcsifwJhae&m x qkdYvkdufwmyJ/
toGiftjyifu qefYiif? qefYiifeJY .../
ukoenf;uawmh ... b,fbufvufrukd rmwif;atmifaxmifNyD;awmh &ifacgif;wnfhwnfh
tcsdKifhuav;&JUatmufbuf okH;vufrwdwdae&mavmufukd vufreJYzdyg/ 'gt"duyJ ... 'Dvkd&SL&if;? vufreJYzd&if;?
udGceJqkd bl;qkdYyGifhovkdyGifhí csufcsif;yJ qkdYaewmBuD; &Sif;í? vif;í oGm;vdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 62)
5/ ajcuGJemESifh anmifap; ...

anmifrkwfqdwfyifBuD;awGrSm ... EkYdESpfvkd tap;awG&Sdw,f/ 'Danmifap;ukd ajcuJGwJhae&mawGrSm
okwfvdrf;ay;vkduf&if tem[m pyfzsOf;zsOf;BuD;jzpfae&mu csufcsif;BuD; (vsifjrefpGm) oufom? aysmufuif;ygw,f/
'gayr,fh ... a&m*grSm okwfNyD;&ifawmh EkdYa&mifazG;azG; anmifap;[m rD;aoG;yrm tvGefrnf;eufoGm;a&m .../ (pm? 38)
6/ aeYpOf tpmtqdyfawG ajzMuyg (xef;vsuf) ...

xef;vsuf[m raumif;wJh"mwfawGukd cGJxkwfypfwwfNyD; tykyfukdvnf; odyfEkdifw,f/ ukd,fwGif;u tqD
awGukdvnf; usapw,f/ a&S;jrefrmawGxJrSm 0vGef;ol odyf&Sm;w,f/ tqDenf;wm[m ... xef;vsuf&JU tusKd;eJY
wefckd;yJ .../
xrif;pm;NyD; xef;vsufpm;ay;&if pm;NyD;om;tpmawGxJu a&m*gjzpfapwJh"mwfawG ajyap½kHrubl; tqD
usí ukd,fa&vS? ukd,fa&uspfapwJh aq;aumif;BuD;vJ jzpfygw,f .../ (pm? 72)
7/ rsufESmwGefYwm? ta&;taMumif;jzpfwm aysmufenf; ...

eHygwfwpf ... vufzaemifhESpfbufukd ar;aphae&mrSm ,SOfxm;&muaeNyD; ... em;o,farT; ESpfbufae&m
txda&mufatmif qGJwifay;yg/ eHygwfESpfu ckevufzaemifhudkyJ rsufvkH;&JUatmufzufudk zdzdNyD; em;o,fqDudk
qGJqGJwifay;yg/ 'g[m rsufESmwGefYwm? ta&;taMumif;jzpfwmaysmufw,f .../ (pm? 79)
8/ tonf;a&m*gESifh a&zsOf;a&m*g jzpfjcif; ...

roefY&Sif;wJh i½kwfoD;rdIwufeJY i½kwfoD;twkawG pm;rd&if tonf;ajcmufa&m*g? a&zsOf;a&m*g? tonf;
uifqmtxdjzpfEdkifw,f/ wpfcsKdU pdwfxm;rrSefuefwJhxkwfvkyfol? a&mif;csolawG[m yJcGHwdkY? zGJEkwdkYeJY yGm;w,f/
'gawGu rdIjzpfzdkY&ef tvGeftm;ay;wJh ypönf;awG/ tJ'Dypönf;awGaMumifh tonf;ajcmufa&m*g0iffum zsOf;wG,fvm í
Adkufu ylylwufvmNyD; a&m*gawG plplxGufvmukefwm qef;ovm; .../ (pm? 86) (ukoenf; ryg .../)
9/ ESm&nfpdk&TJa&m*g? ESmacgif;a&m*gESifh qm;a&aEG;jzwfoef;enf; ...

tESpfav;q,f&dSaeNyDjzpfaom ESmacgif;a&m*g? ESm&nfpdk&TJa&m*g? (arG;&myg) &moufyef touf&SL r&cJhaom
a&m*gwdkYudk (15)&ufrQESifh? a&m*g&ifhvQif (1)vrQESifh oufomaysmufuif;ygonf/ qm;a&aEG;azsmfenf;rSm zef
(odkYr[kwf) a<uvufzuf&nftdk;\ xuf0uf (odkYr[kwf) okH;yHk? wpfykHcefY a&aEG;MuufoD;aEG;wGif qm;udk pm;yJG ZGef;
wpfZGef;pm armufarmufxnfhí azsmf½kHrQom jzpfygonf .../
vuf,mbufESifh vuf0Jbuf wpfbufpDudk wpfvSnfhpD apmif;tdyfcdkif;NyD; vufarmif;udk acgif;tkH;apí
rsufESmudk rsufESmusufbuf apmif;vSnfhcdkif;um tay:bufESmacgif;aygufrS nifompGm qm;&nfavmif;xnfhay;yg/
3
yxr qm;&nfrSm t0ifcuf? txGufcuf jzpfaeaomffvnf; rMumrSDyif atmufESmacgif;aygufrS qm;&nfwpfpuf?

wpfpuf xGufívdkufvmygonf .../ (pm? 91)
þenf;jzifh ESmacgif;twGif; qm;&nfMuufoD;aEG;avmif;jcif;udk vuf0JbufvSJtdyfí wpfBudrf?
vuf,mbufvSJtdyfí wpfBudrf? qm;a&aEG;avmif;xnfhay;NyD;aemuf? wpfaeYtwGuf ukorI NyD;ygonf/ þodkY
ESmacgif;aq;jcif;udk 10&uf? 15&uf vkyf½kHrQESifh a&m*gEu k &Sif;&Sif;aysmufuif;ygrnf/ a&m*gBuD;vQif wpfvrQ
vkyf&rnfjzpfygonf .../ (pm? 91)
ESmacgif;a&m*gawGuawmh ESmacgif;½dk;usKd;avmufatmif twGif;ESm&if; vdIufpm;wm rsKd;vnf;&Sd/ ESmacgif;
twGif;rSm tom;ydkvdk[mawG jzpfjzpfvmNyD; aq;½kHrSm rD;wdkY? wdkYNyD; zsufqD;ypfae&wmvnf;&dS/ ESmacgif;twGif;rSm
ESm&nfykwfawG cdkcdkaewwfwmvnf;&dS/ 'DudpöawGaMumifh tdrf&mwnfaxmifa&;rSm tvGef b0cufMu&&Smygw,f/
tJ'Dvdk ESmacgif;a&m*grsKd;pkH[m qm;a&aEG;eJY tukefaysmufygw,f .../ (pm? 93)
10/ tqdyfoifhjcif;? "mwfrwnfhjcif;ESifh wif;wdyf ...

aygif'g? a&arT;? rdwfuyf? acgif;avQmf&nf ponfrsm;aMumifh tckacwffrdef;uav; awmfawmfrsm;rsm;[m
rsufESmrSm wif;wdyftjzpfrsm;Muygw,f/ wif;wdyfudk uGrf;aygif;eJYvnf;ukw,f/ tkef;cGHaoG;vdrf;jcif;eJYvnf; ukMu?
aysmufMuwm Mum;zl;ygw,f .../
uGrf;aygif;qdkwm xrif;ESyfwJhtxJ yef;uefvkH;av;eJY uGrf;½Gufxnfhaygif;NyD; vkyfMuw,f/ aygif;xm;vdkY
cyfaEG;aEG;jzpfaewJh uGrf;½Gufukd wif;wdyfrSm uyfay;wmygyJ/ aemufwpfenf;uawmh tkef;cGH (tkef;oD;twGif;om;&JU
trmcGH) qdkwmudk aoG;vdrf;jcif;tm;jzifh aysmufMuw,fvdkYvnf; ajymMuw,f/ udk,frjzpfzl;awmh ajymvkdYMum;wmudkyJ
jyefajymjy&wmjzpfygw,f .../ (pm? 95)
wpfcgwkef;uvJ todwpfa,muf&JUorD; acwfopfacgif;avQmf&nfeJY acgif;avQmf&if; acgif;a&m? rsufESma&m
a&mifudkif;vmvdkY acgif;avQmf&nftqdyfoifhw,fxifNyD; uefpGef;½GuftjzLyGyGBuD;awGudk xkaxmif;NyD; rsufESmudk
avQmufyGwfay;vkdufwm a&mifaewmawG vkH;vkH;jyefusoGm;NyD; yuwdjyefaumif;oGm;w,f .../ (pm? 98)
11/ toufBuD;olrsm; pm;r0if? tdyfraysmfa&m*gESifh av&SLjcif;? avpm;jcif; ...

toufBuD;olrsm; pm;r0if? tdyfraysmf jzpfvmNyDqdk&if a&&dSwJhae&mudk eHeuf (5)em&Dwdkif; ta&mufoGm;yg/
tJ'DrSm udk,fvufvIyf&Sm;vkyf&if; em&D0uf av&SLyg/ avudkpm;yg/ avpm;ygqdkwm wifpm;ajymwmyg/ avudk yg;pyf eJY
tm;&yg;& [dkufceJ AdkufxJ ½IdufoGif;vdkufovdk vky&f wmyg/ av&SL? avpm; vkyfvdkufwJhtwGuf pm;r0if?
tdyfraysmfwJha&m*g[m 2vcGJ t&dSrSm aysmufygw,f .../ (pm? 102)
eHeufcif;rSm a&ay:u jzwfvmonfhavwGif vlUudk,fcE¨mtwGuf ta&;BuD;onfh ZD0"mwfawG tjynfhygí
a&m*gaysmufuif;jcif;pGrftm; BuD;rm;wmjzpfygw,f/ udk,faeonfhae&monf a&ESifhreD;ygvQif vifyef;vkdwGif jzpfap
a&udkxnfhí avvmonfhbufü xm;í&SLay;yg .../ (pm? 103)
12/ yufvufbdkifpu,fpD;jcif;ESifh ajcaxmuftjrifhwGifxm;jcif; ...

]]tdyf&mu x? xcsif; ½kwfw&uf avQmufr&? ajcudkvnf; a&TUr&wJhol[m tdyf&m0if? tdyf&mxrSm
yufvufbdkifpu,fpD;Asm}} [k bdkifpu,fpD;ovdk yufvufuae ajczsm; tustevIyf&Sm;yHkudk vkyfjyygonf/ 'gudk
tenf;qkH; (30)avmuf vkyfvdkuf/ udk,fhajcaxmufudk ]]wGef;? pwyf}} eJY aoG;EId;ypfvdkufwmyJ/
aemufwpfenf;u tckvdkajcaxmufawG tvIyfcufwma&m? tqif;twufcufwma&m a,m*enf;t&
ajcESpfzufudk axmifaxmifay;&w,f/ tcufBuD;awmh r[kwfygbl;/ tjyifu jyefvmvdkY yufvufukvm;xkdifrSm
cPem;wJhtcg ajcaxmufESpfzufudk udk,hfrsufESmxufjrifhwJh ckHjrifhav;wpfckay:rSm wifxm;½HkyJ/ 'g[m tqif;
twufcufNyD; taMumrsufovkd jzpfwmudk y,fcGmypfapwmygyJ/ 'g[m a,m*ynmygyJ/ a,m*tppfawmh r[kwf
bl;/ ujym;a,m* ayghav/ a,m*ppf&if rrSD&? raxmuf&? rvIyf&bl; .../ (pm? 114)
'Daemuf ESpf&uftwGif;yif tawmfxl;vmygonf/ ]]a[haumif ... aus;Zl;yJuGm? igwdkYrSm ajcaxmuf
4
topfudk &vdkufovdk}} yJwJh/ ]]ayghayghav;ESifh ysHaMumhaumhaewm}} yJwJh ... qdkonfudk; .../ (pm? 115)
13/ qD;csKd? aoG;csKda&m*gESifh eHYomeDrIefY? qefaq;&nf ...

eHYomeDtom;udk qefaq;&nfeJYaoG;NyD; eHeufwpfcg? naewpfcg aomuf&wmjzpfygonf/ aemufawmh
b,aq;qdkifrSm eHYomeDtrIefY 0,fí qefaq;&nfESifh azsmfNyD; vufzuf&nfwpfZGef;pm eHeuf? n aomufygonf/
aemufawmh razsmfawmhyJ eHomeDrIefY vufzuf&nfZGef;? wpfZGef; yg;pyfxJxnfhum qefaq;&nf armhcsvdkufygonf .../
(pm? 119)
wpfcg? wpfcgü tcsKdtpm;vGefvsuf aoG;csKdwufvmNyDqdkvQif ajcESifhudk,f tcsKdUae&m ,m;,HrIav;awG
jzpfwwfygonf/ odkYjzpfvQif aoG;csKdwufwm odNyD; ,m;onfhae&mudk vufjzifhrukwfbJ qm;jzifh yGwfay;vdkufum
a&m*gaysmufatmif ajzvkdufygonf/ acsygonf/ aMuvnf; aMuonf .../ (pm? 119)
wpfcsKdUuawmh qD;csKda&m*gtwGuf yef;uñGwfyif (uñGwfyifESifh vGefpGmrSwlaom yef;yifwpfrsKd;) udk okyfí
pm;jcif;jzifh qD;csKdudk NzdKMuygonf .../ (pm? 120)
14/ ukef;aA'gESifh a>rqdyfajz ...

a>rudkufcH&&if 'Dtyifudk Budwfajc? t&nfñSpfNyD; wkduf&if a>rqdyfajyw,f/ uif;udkufvdkY tqdyfwuf&if
t½GufeJY yGwfay;wmeJYudk aysmufw,f/ ukef;aA'gyifqdkwm a&aA'gyifeJY wpfxyfwnf;wlayr,fhvkdY a&aA'gxuf
tyGifhao;w,f .../ (pm? 124)
15/ ÓmPf&nfwufzdkY jrif;cGm½Guf ...

uRefrtrsKd;? toufBuD;olawG[m b,fvkdawG jzpfreS f;rodbl;/ tcsdefrwkdifrD oli,fjyefapmaeMuw,f/
touf 60 omom pdwfrrSefcsifbJ oli,fjyefwwfaeNyD/ arhwm? avsmhwmuvnf; 0Dac:aewmyJ/ xrif;pm;NyD;wm?
rpm;&ao;wmudk arhwmu cufukefwm .../ (pm? 127)
NyD;awmh olwkdY[m olrsm;xuf pdwf"mwfjyif;xefNyD; &moufyefoufowfvGwform;awG jzpfaeygw,f/ ckvdk
jzpf&wm &moufyefoufowfvGwform;awGudk;/ uRefawmfodoavmufawmh 'DoufowfvGwform;awG[m
tm;jznfhaq;? tm½kHjznfhaq;av;awG rSD0JwwfMuygw,f/ (pm? 129)
olwkdYu odyfusef;rmawmh bmaq;rS pm;w,fvkdY rMum;rdygbl;&Sif/ tJ ... touf& vmawmhrSyJ wjznf;
jznf; arhwwfwmav; p? &dSvmwmygyJ .../ (pm? 130)
'gqdk 'DoufowfvGwform;BuD;awGudk jrif;cGm½GuftpkH? enf;pkH? rsKd;pkH okyfí? tkyfí? ckwfí? jyKwfí auR;prf;
Asm .../ ,kHMunfpdwfcspGm auR;ygAsm .../ ÓmPf&nfEkHYolrsm;udkvnf; auR;vkdY&w,f/ OD;aESmuftm½Hkavsmh? aysmh
vmaeolrsm;udkvnf; auR;&ygw,f/ rSwfÓmPfenf;yg;&ifvJ 'g ... vkdtyfygw,f/ tckvdk tcsdefrwdkifrD oli,fjyefovkd
jzpfaewm[mvJ acgif;xJ "mwftm;enf;vmrI wpfckygyJ/ uJ ... jrif;cGm½GufeJY bufx&Dtm; jznfhovdkudk acgif;xJ
tm;jznfhvdkufygAsm; .../ (pm? 130)
jrif;cGm½Gufqdkwm tiftm;rsm;? taMumrsm;? tm½kHaMumudpörsm;twGuf aq;wpfyg;jzpfwm trSefyJav .../
(pm? 131)
16/ jrif;cGm½Guf aq;zuf0ifykH ...

(1) jrif;cGm½GufyÍöig;yg;udk a&pifatmifaq;í t&dyfü ajcmufaoGUapNyD; trIefYjyKvsuf ysm;&nfESifh rSD0Jygu &om,e
ac: touf&Snfaq; jzpfonf/
(2) tdyfraysmfaoma&m*g&dSolrsm; ESpfNcdKufpGmtdyfaysmfvdkygu jrif;cGm½GuftrIefYudk ysm;&nfESifh vsufay;&onf/
(3) qD;yl? qD;enf;? qD;atmifha&m*ga0'em&Sifrsm;taejzifh jrif;cGmyifyÍöig;yg;owåK&nfudk oMum;ESifh aomufEkdifonf/
(4) jrif;cGm½Gufukd t&nfñSpfí ysm;&nf? oMum;wkdYESifh aomufu cGeftm;udk wdk;yGm;apNyD; tarmtyef;cHEkdifonf/
(5) MuHKvSD? tm;enf;? armyef;aevQifjrif;cGmrIefY 5usyfom;? oMum; 25usyfom; udk a& wpfydómESifh BudKí
5
xuf0uf usefu ¤if;aq;&nf wpfaeY okH;ZGef; aomufay;&\/

(6) rsufpdem? rsufpdusdef;a&m*gjzpfvQif jrif;cGm½GufowåK&nfudk ppf,lí wpfpuf? ESpfpufcefY rsufpOf;
cwfay;&onf/
(7) cE¨mudk,fwGif tempdrf;? tempufrsm; aygufygu jrif;cGmyÍöig;yg;&nfESifh qGwfay;vQif aysmufuif;ygonf/
(8) tempdrf;? aoG;pkemrsm;aygufNyD; tjrpf (jynfjrpf) rsm; usefaeygu jrif;cGm½Gufudk pyg;vifESifh qwlBudwíf
tkHay;jcif;jzifh tjrpfxGufaponf/
(9) uav;rsm; 0rf;ukduf? 0rf;emjzpfvQif jrif;cGm½Guf(7)½Guf? oMum;wpfa½G;? prkefeufwpfa½G;Budwfí tenf;i,f
cHGUay;&onf/
(10) jrif;cGm½Gufukd rD;jzifaET;í rkefn§if;qDESifh &ifbwfvdrf;ay;ygu uav;rsm;acsmif;qkd;? tqkwfem ...
aysmufuif;aponf/
(11) pum;xpfolrsm;? qGHUtolrsm;taejzifh jrif;cGm½Gufukd okwfpm;jcif;? wkdYjr§Kyfpm;jcif;? [if;cg;csufaomufjcif;
jyKygu oufomaponf/
(12) rSwfÓmPfenf;jcif;? OD;aESmufrMunfvifjcif;jzpfygu jrif;cGm½GufrIefYukd EGm;EkdY? oMum;ESifh aomufay;jcif;jzifh
OD;aESmufMunfvifí rSwfÓmPfukdaumif;ap\/
(13) aoG;0rf;oGm;jcif;? qD;wGifaoG;ygjcif;? qD;csKyfjcif;jzpfcJhaomf jrif;cGm½GufowåK&nfukd oMum;tenf;i,fxnfhí
aomufjcif; (okdYr[kwf) jrif;cGm½Gufazsmf&nfjyKvkyfí aomufjcif;jzifh aysmufuif;aponf/
(14) cE¨mukd,fwGif xdcdkuf&Semjzpfjcif;? tylavmifjcif;jzpfcJhaomf jrif;cGm½Guf&nfvdrf;usHay;u ... aysmufuif;\/
(15) jrif;cGm½Gufukd vufzufajcmufozG,f a&aEG;wGifcwfaomufygu aoG;wkd;a&m*goufomapygonf/
(16) &om,e (touf&Snfaq;) tjzpf jrif;cGm½Gufukd i½kwfaumif;? ysm;&nfwkdYESifh a&mpyfokH;aqmifEkdif\/
(17) jrif;cGm½GufrS xkwfaomjrif;cGmqDonf qHyifukdeufapaom tmedoif&Sdonfhtjyif OD;aESmufukd Munfaponf/
(18) armyef;EGrf;vsí tm;tifukefcrf;ygu ydwfcsif;oD;ESifh jrif;cGm½Gufukd qwlBudwfí eHeuf? n av;yJom;pD
pm;okH;&ygonf/
(19) rD;,yfaoG;tqif;vGefaevQif jrif;cGm½Guf (2)usyfom;? oMum; (2)usyfom;ukd a& (15)usyfom;xnfhí
xuf0ufcef;atmifBudKNyD;aemuf eHeuf? n vufzuf&nfZGef; (2)ZGef;pD ... wdkufay;&ygonf/
(20) uav;rsm;0rf;ukdufaevQif jrif;cGm½Guf 3-4½Gufukd oMum;? prkefjzLtenf;i,fxnfhBudwfí cGHUay;ygu
oufomaysmufuif;apygonf/
(jrif;cGm½Gufaq;zuf0ifykHukd usef;rma&;0efBuD;Xme? wkdif;&if;aq;ynmOD;pD;Xme\ ]]vufawGUtokH;cs aq;zuf
0if tyifrsm;aygif;csKyf}} pmtkyfrS aumufEkwfazmfjyygonf .../) (pm? 102)
(21) jrif;cGm½GufyÍöig;yg;ukd a&pifatmifaq;NyD; okH;cGuf? wpfcGufwifjyKwfí ppfNyD; ... oMum;tenf;i,f xnhfum
tcg;yef;uefwpfvkH;pmukd wpfem&D wpfBudrfaomufvQif wjznf;jznf; rD;,yfaoG;qif;vGefjcif;
&yfoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;/ (þtrSwfpOf (21)ukd aq;NrD;wkda&mifjcnfpmtkyf (4)? pmrsufESm (181) rS
aumufEkwfazmfjyygonf/ pOf (19)ESifh,SOfí qifjcifEkdif&ef/)
17/ jrif;cGm½Guf&om,e (touf&Snf) aq;
(1) ae&dyfvSef;jrif;cGm½GufrIefY 10.usyfom;
(2) i½kwfaumif;rIefY 2. usyfom;
(3) ysm;&nf 12. usyfom;
þaq; (3)rsKd;ukd tap;aygufatmif e,fNyD;aevSef; (ysm;&nfcef;ap&ef oifhawmf½kHvSef;yg)/ qD;uif;cefY vkH;í
avvkHaomzefykvif;rSmxm;yg/ eHeuf? aeYvnf? nOfh wpfaeYokH;cgpm;yg/ ykdpm;Ekdifu omí aumif;ygonf/ ab;?
Oy'frjzpfyg/ jrif;cGm½Gufukd oHqkHESifh raxmif;bJ opfom;qkH? ausufqkH? ajrqkHESifhomaxmif;yg .../
aysmufuif;Edkifaom a&m*grsm;rSm ... acgif;udkuf? tzsm;? BudKUxkd;? aoG;aMumifhjzpfaoma&m*g? onf;ajcysuf?
tzsOf;BuD;? tqkwf>yefa&mif? yeff;em&ifusyf? ukd,af &0g (tom;0g)? ta&jym;a&m*g? ausmuf? 0ufouf? ,m;em?
6
tzktyddrfh? Elem? c½koif;? temayguf? temrD;vQH? ajcaovufao? ajcvuftaMumjywf? ½kyfysKdukd,fEk? ayghyg;vsifjref?

cGeftm;Avwkd;? ukd,fwGif;ukd,fy temr&Sd ... aeYpOf toufxufqkH; pm;Ekdifav? aumif;avjzpfygonf ... wpfESpfrQpJG
pm;Munfhyg .../ (þtrSwfpOf (17) ukd OD;vScif (qef;ñGUefOD;) \ ]]½GufacgufjrpfoD;? aq;enf;wpfaxmif}} pmtkyfrS
aumufEkwfazmfjyygonf .../) (pm?235)
18/ tonf;a&m*g? bDykd; ? qD;csKdwkdYESifh awmifqD;jzLyif ...
awmifqD;jzLyif[m tonf;a&m*g? bDykd;wifru qD;csdKygEkdifw,f/ 'Dtyif 10om; (wpfq,fusyfom;) ukd
okH;cGuf? wpfcGufwifBuKdyg? NyD;aemuf ...
]]aomufcsifoavmufaomuf ... aomufEkdifoavmufaomuf ... a&m*gtjrefaysmuf}} wpfywftMumrSm
qD;csKyf? 0rf;csKyfukyfaewJhb0uvGwfNyD; qD;? 0rf;rSew f rf;jzpfum ... odyfukdvef;vmw,f/ wpfvvnf;Muma&m ...
awmifoGm;? ajrmufoGm;vIyf&Sm;ygava&m .../ (pm? 133-135)
(þtrSwfpOfrSpí om*'kd;\ plvmezm (1)pmtkyfukd jyefMunfhyg) .../
19/ rarmatmifawmifwufenf;? c&D;a0;avQmufenf; ...
avSum;qkd&if toufESpfqifh&SLNyD; avSum;ESpx f pfwuf? wpfzefavukd ESpfqifhjyefxkwfNyD; avSum;
ESpfxpfwuf? ESpfqihf&SLoGif; ESpfqifhxkwfNyD;&if avSum;av;xpf wufNyD;oGm;NyD/ aemufESpfqifh&SL ESpfqifhxkwf ...
'kwd,avSum; av;xpf (so and so) .../
vrf;avQmuf&ifvnf; 'Dtwkdif;yJ.../ (pm? 148)
tusKd;aus;Zl;uawmh ... toufckESpfq,fausmftzkd;BuD;[m usdKufxD½kd;txrf;orm;awGeJY usKdufxD;½kd;
awmifay:okdYwuf&m ... tcsdefwlvkeD;yg; vkdufwufEkdifygaMumif; .../ (pm? 151)
20/ temrD;ESifh ausmufrD;aoG; ...

temawGu acgif;rSmrsm;vkdufwm ... MoZmoD;yrm jzpfaeawmhonf/ vlemukdvnf; ylavmifapwJh temrsKd; ...
ylwmrS rD;cJBuD;yrm .../
oDv&SifBuD;wpfyg;u temvkH;BuD;rsm;ukd ukdifMunhfNyD; ]][Jh ... 'g ... temrD;vkdY ac:w,f/ uav;odyfukd
yifyef;w,f/ tcefYroifh&if toufygwJhtrsKd;/ oGm;prf; ... rD;&xm;vrf;ab;rSm ausmufrD;aoG;&atmif&SmcJh?
aoG;vdrf;ay;? vdrf;vdrf;csif;ukd rD;tylvkdjzpfaewmyg oufomoGm;vdrhfr,f/}} aoG;vdrf;vdkufonfESifh uav;rSm
rD;taetxm;uae tat;"mwf&um tdyfaysmfoGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ 'Daemuf a&m*gvnf; wvTm;NyD; wvTm;uGmum
oufomoGm;ygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 153)
21/ tbdk;BuD;rsm; armarmae&if tkef;ESJ (= OESJ = OEéJ) ½Gufaomuf ...

ESvkH;? aoG;wkd;? &ifusyfpwJh a&m*grsm;r&dSbJ tbdk;BuD;rsm; arm? armaew,fqdk&if tkef;ESJ½Gufudk a>c,lNyD;
a&aEG;qlqlxnfhxm;wJh a&aEG;tdk;xJxnfhNyD; vufzuf&nfMurf;aomuf ovkdaomuf? tarmaysmufrSm {uef .../
(pm? 159)
22/ acsmif;qdk;? yef;emESifh &J,dkoD;? ysm;&nf ...

&J,dkoD;rSnfhrSnfhudk ysm;&nfESifh acgufpm;yg .../ (pm? 69)
pmukd;/ /vjynfh0ef;r*¾Zif;? trSwf 124? 2006? rwfv/ (pm? 69)
23/ urÇmYenf;vrf; udk,fwdkifprf; ...
vlUusef;rma&;udk tusKd;jyKapwJh a&m*ga0;apwJhenf;? udk,fcE¨mtwGif;rSm aoG;avvIyf&Sm;rI rSefuefapw,f/
aoG;tm;eJY avtm;udk EId;w,f/ 'ghtwGuf bmvkyf&rvJqdk&if toHxGufpmzwfygwJh/ *syefrSmvJ toHxGufpmzwfwm
7
acwfpm;aeygw,f/ (pm? 179)

a&S;u jrefrmhaq;q&mawG aq;ukykHu ]]wpfzmvkHomoma0;wJh bk&m;udk ajcoGufoGufeJYoGm;/ bk&m;udk
toHus,fus,feJY &Spfcdk;/ NyD;awmh jyefvmcdkif;w,f/}} 'g[m udk,fwGif;"mwfajymif;zdkY aoG;EId;wm? avEId;wm/ NyD;awmh
vlwpfa,mufudk (a&m*g&Sif) udk ylaygif;rIwfcdkif;vdkuf? avjyefavQmhcdkif;vkduf vkyfapw,f/ 'g ... 0ga,mpGrf;tm;
aumif;vmatmif vkyfcdkif;wm/ toHxGuf pmzwfyg/ toHxGuf y&dwf&Gwfyg .../ (pm? 180)
o Q o Q o
8
(2) plvmezmESifhaq;enf;aq;yifrsm; (2)

om*'dk;
yxrtBudrf? 2005? 'DZifbm/ wefzdk; 800usyf/ pmayavmu .../
1/ aq;bk&ifplvmezmESifh aysmufuif;aoma&m*grsm; ...

plvmezmokH;cGufwpfcGufwif (vufwpfqkyfteuf? okH;cGufwpfcGufwif) aeYpOf wpfzefcGuf aomufay;vQif
qD;csKdukd Ekdif½kHrQru a&m*grsKd;pkHudkvnf; Ekdifygonf/ toHaysmufol toHjyefa&mufvmjcif;? ESvkH;a&m*gaysmufol?
aoG;wkd;a&m*gaysmufol? tanmif;a&m*gaysmufol? uifqma&m*gaysmufolawG pkHvSonf .../
tysKduav;awG aomuf&ifvnf; a&m*gpifMu,fvdYk ydkvSvmr,f/ tom;t&nfwif;NyD; 0if;vmr,f/
rsufESmawG Munfvifvmr,f/ plvmezmyif&JU *kPfowådu tyludk acszsufEkdifwJh owådxl;&Sdw,f/ udk,fwGif;tyl
Nidrf;apNyD;? udk,fwGif;tyleJY ywfowfwJh a&m*grSeforQudk acszsufaysmufuif;apw,f/ vnfyif;BuD;wmawG
aysmufw,f/ tpmtdrfvrf;aMumif; udpöawGudkvnf; aysmufapw,f .../ (pm? 4)
NyD;awmh atmufyga&m*gawGudkvnf; aysmufuif;apygw,f .../
(1) udk,fvufanmif;nmrIawG ...
(2) pdwfusa&m*g ...
(3) tom;t&nfMunfvifNyD; 0if;xdefvmjcif; ...
(4) ptdkrS plxGufaeaom twufuav;ESifh aoG;wpfpuf? wpfpufus ...
(5) ESvkH;a&m*g ...
(6) qD;csKda&m*g ...
(7) aoG;wkd;a&m*g .../ (pm? 164)
2/ onf;ajcxJu ausmufaMuenf;ESifh rJZvDtjrpf? tkef;&nf ...

rJZvDtjrpfudk tkef;&nfeJY aoG;aomuf .../ (pm? 22)
(bm rJZvDvJ ... ayG;udkif;vm; ... aq;aygif;cwJh rJZvDvm; ... ¿)
3/ qD;vGefjcif;ESifh cHwuf½Guf ...
qD;vGefvQif (csOfzwfvkyfwJh cHwuf) cHwuf½Guf&ifh&ifh (5)½Gufcl;NyD;? okH;cGufwpfcGufwif usKdaomuf?
aysmufygw,f .../ (pm? 27)
4/ iSufzsm;ESifh &Sdef;cdk? uGrf;½Guf? aeZmjruf? Muyfcdk; ...

&Sdef;cdkudk yxraysmhatmif? aMuatmif? awyg/ NyD;awmh Muyfcdk;? uGrf;½Guf? aeZmjrufawGudk aMuatmif
awyg/ NyD;aemuf tm;vkH;aygif;pyfawyg/ xdkawaq;rS refusnf;aph ESpfaphpmavmuf pm;yg/ pm;NyD; aeYvnfydkif;
avmufwGif a&csKd;yg/ csrf;ayr,fhvnf; csKd;yg/ odyfrMumyg/ aEG;vmygvdrfhrnf/
þaq;pm;NyD; a&rSefrSefcsKd;&if tzsm;ajy;vdrfhrnf/ a&rcsK;d bJae&if pdrfhceJ? pdrfhceJjzpfvdrfhrnf/ tJ'D ... pdrfhceJ?
pdrfhceJjzpfwm ajy;atmif a&csKd;ay;&rnf/ aq;aomufvdkuf? a&csKd;vdkuf vkyf&ygonf .../ (pm? 38)
(aeZmjruf = xdyfqDrSm toD;zkwkwkeJYjruf)
5/ wyifEdkifjreef;ESifh uifqm ...
wyifEkdifjreef;tyifudk t&nfvkyfaomufaomuf? xkaxmif;pm;pm;? wjcm;vnf; BudKufwmvkyfaygh/ cHwGif;
uifqm? vnfacsmif;uifqm? yg;pyfuifqm pwmawG aysmufuif;oGm;ygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 46)
9
6/ wpfudk,fvHk; qm;yGwfjcif;ESifh udk,fwGif;"mwfaiGU oefYpifenf; ...

a&rcsKd;cif ajcudk a& t&ifavmif;/ NyD;awmh vnfyif;atmufydkif; a&wpfcGufavmif;/ 'Dvkdavmif;NyD;
a&pdkaewJh udk,fudk ajcz0g;upNyD;yGwf? wpfudk,fvkH; 'Dvufwpfckyfqm;eJY vufrSDorQ ausm&,f? vnfyif;uae
aygifawGtxd qm;yGwfNyD;awmh a&avmif;csNyD; a&csKd;wmyJaygh .../
tJ'g ... udk,fwGif;raumif;"mwfaiGUudk oefYpifypfwJh enf;vrf;yJwJh/ 'gqdk&if a&m*gawGuif;NyD; touf
&Snfwm? vlygacsmwm? wpfudk,fvkH;[m ayghyg;NyD; odyfudkaevdkY? xdkifvdkY aumif;wmyJ/ oabmuawmh qm;"mwfeJY
udk,fwGif;raumif;"mwfawGudk z,f&Sif;wJhenf;yJ .../
aemufwpfck oGm;awG;rdwm&Sdw,f/ tifrwef ykyfpyfaewJh ig;udk qm;eJY awGUay;vdkufwm bmjzpfoGm;vJ/
'DvkdjrifNyD; udk,fwGif; tykyftpyf pifwm[vdkY? vkyf&wmvJ ykdtm;&Sdw,f .../
qm;vufwpfckyfeJY wpfudk,fvkH;yGwfypfvkdufwm? csufcsif;vufiif;udk vef;qef;usef;rm ydkjzpfoGm;ovkd cHpm;
&w,f/ udk,faiGUawG w&Sdef&Sdef xGufaewmuvJ ZdrfwpfrsKd; jzpfaeygawmhw,f .../ (pm? 54)
(emvefxrsm; qm;yGwfvQif usef;rmrI jrefqefygonf .../)
7/ qm;ESifh tzsm;a&m*g ...
]]'dk;}} udk,fwdkif *syefzrf;cH&NyD;aemuf Mucwf0g;ql;yifrsm;tm; wdk;NyD; xGufajy;cJh&í 'Pf&mrsm;pGmeJY
jyif;pGmzsm;cJhygonf/ aq;ew¬d jzpfaeonfh opfacgif;BuD;&GmrS tbwdkYu qm;tcJBuD;rsm;udk axmif;í xdkqm;rsm;jzifh
vufz0g;? ajcz0g;awGay: ykHNyD; t0wfpkwfpnf; wpfntdyfvkduf&m tzsm;a&m? emusOfrIawGyg wpfntausmfrSm
aysmufukefygawmhonf/
Munfhprf; ... pGrf;vkdufonfhenf;vrf;/ bmrSrygbJ qm;awGudk aq;vkyfNyD; ukvkdufwm ewfaq;yrm
jzpfcJh&ygonf .../ (pm? 58)
8/ ausmufz½kHoD;ESifh aoewf'Pf&m ...

(*syefESifh) wkdufyGJjzpfí &Jabmfpef;jrifhum; ajcaxmufudk aoewfrSefcJhNyD;? &JabmfxGef;NrdKifrSm 0rf;AdkufwGif
aoewfrSefNyD; 'Pf&maygufBuD; jzpfae&m aoavmufonfh udpöjzpfcJhygonf/
wkdufyGJaoewf'Pf&mqdkwm ,rf;aiGU? ,rf;oufu rsm;pGmpGufaeNyD; ½dk;½dk;temxuf rsm;pGmpdk;&drf&ygonf/
uko&vnf; cufygonf/ OD;BuD;wdkYu olwdkYenf;? olwdkY[efjzifh (aq;rygonfh jrefrmhenf;jzifh) wu,f uko?
u,fwifEkdifonfhtoGif rsufjrifjzpfawmh&m ]]'dk;}} rSm ]]aus;vufaq;ynm}} udk &ifxJ rpGJbJ b,faeawmhrnfenf;
.../
&Jabmfpef;jrifh ajcaxmuf'Pf&mtNyJBuD;udk ausmufz½kHoD;cGJ taeawmfvkyfum uyfNyD; ywfwD;pnf;
ay;ygonf/ &JabmfxGef;NrdKif Adkuf'Pf&mudkvnf; ausmufz½kHoD; taeawmfuyf ywfwD;pnf;ay;ygonf/ aemuf ...
t&nfawG &Trf;vm&m eHeufykdif;ESihf nykdif; vJí? vJí ay;ygonf/ topfwpfzef xyfí? xyfí uyfay;ygonf .../
ausmufz½kHoD;"mwfu odyfudkpGrf;wmaemf/ ,rf;aiGU"mwfa&m? 'Pf&mtemtykyftpyfeJY oiH&nf raumif;
wmawGa&m pkyfxkwfNyD; tom;aumif;jyefwwfatmif ol jrefjrefvkyfEdkifw,f/ olUowdåudku tykyftpyfom
r[kwfbl;/ teHYudkawmif EdkifvGef;vdkYav/ a&S;u &GmxJrSm MumMumxm;r,fh ]]rom}} qdk&if ausmufz½kHoD;udk qGJMu?
uyfay;Mu? cHay;Mu vkyfay;&w,f .../
ausmufz½kHu aq;owådBuD;awmh ... [if;csufpm;&if aq;pm;ovkdyJ jzpfawmhwmaygh/ qD;a&m*gvnf;
odyfEkdifw,f? [if;csKdvkyfaomuf ... qD;xJuausmuf ... jyKwfuswm {uef? a,mufsm;wkYd pGrf;yum; twGufvnf;
,kdvkyfNyD; awmhpm;/ (pm? 58)
9/ &Sm;apmif;vufyyfeJY vnfyif;BuD;a&m*g ...

&Sm;apmif;vufyyf tay:,HtvTmukd cGmvkdufyg/ twGif;om;tykdif;ukd tjym;av;vkyfNyD; azmaewJh
vnfyif;ae&m rSmuyfay;yg/ ywfwD;av;eJY pnf;xm;yg/ odyfrMumcif aysmufrSmyg/ ]]'kd;}} &Jh wlrt&if;jzpfwmukd
10
jrefrmhorm;awmfOuú|BuD; q&mBuD;OD;ÓmPfvGifukd,fwkdif ukay;cJhwJhenf;vrf;yg .../ (pm? 65)
10/ plvmezmESifh vnfyif;BuD;a&m*g ...

plvmezmukd okH;cGufwpfcGufwif usKdaomuf&ifvnf; aysmufygw,f/ 'Denf;[mvnf; q&mBuD; OD;ÓmPfvGif
ukd,fwkdif oifMum;ñTefjycJhwJh enf;jzpfygw,f/ ta&;BuD;wmu 'D&ufxJrSm MoZmoD;ukdawmh rpm;ygeJY .../ (pm? 66)
(MoZmoD;aMumifh vnfyif;BuD;a&m*g jzpfwmvm; ... plvmezmeJY MoZmoD; "mwfrwnfhvdkY wm;jrpfwmvm; ...¿/)
11/ puúLyef;ESifh aoG;wkd;a&m*g ...
puúLyef;yGifhukd wpfaeYwpfcgpm; ...
wpfcgpm;rS ...]]okH;yGifh}} xJ ...
a&m*gcGmapcsif&if ... rSefrSefpm; .../ (pm? 70)
12/ acgif;avmif;yef;ESifh ESvkH;a&m*g ...

acgif;avmif;yef;yGifh ... wpfcgpm; ]]ig;yGifh}} ...
b,ftcsdefpm; ... b,fawmhpm;vkdYawmhrygbl; ...
yg;pyfxJrSm 0g;&if cRJwJwJ? yspfwpfwpf&Sdw,f .../ (pm? 72)
13/ aqmif;ESif;&nfESifh taMuma&m*g ...

jrufawmjrufyifu ESif;a&ukd vdrf;ay;vl;ay;&if taMumodyfukd oefpGrf;ygw,f/ vufawGukd vl;?
ajcawGukdvl;? odMum;rif;ay;wJh taumif;pm;aq;? tzkd;wefaomtaMumaq;/ ]]'dk;}} rdwfaqG\ orD;i,f
]]a½TvSav;}} qkdwm ... i,fpOfrSmyif b0rvSjzpfum ... vrf;vkH;0 ravQmufonftxd csnfheJYaecJhygonf .../ (pm?
80)
olav;rSm vlvkH;rvS b0qkH;&SmaeNyDaygh .../ okdYaomf wu,fyJ odMum;rif;qDuvmwJh ESif;&nfu
]]ra½TvSav;}} b0ukd u,fwifchJygonf/ eHeufcif; ... jrufcif; ESif;awmxJrSm olUukd jrefrmhenf;t& w&GwfqGJay;&m
... odyfrMumcifrSm olav; vrf;avQmufygawmhonf/ tcktcsdefrSmawmh b0wef;aphNyD; ollav;rSm
tdrf&mwnfaxmifum om;orD; (3)a,mufyif yGm;pD;cJhygNyD/ olUtaMumawG jyefoefrmapwm þESif;xJu
aq;tppfjzpfygawmhonf .../ (pm? 83)
14/ ysm;&nfESifh yifv,ftlem0rf;avQm ....

yifv,ftlemvkdjzpfNyD; 0rf;awGavQmcJh&if ...
ysm;&nftMurf;yef;uefwpf0uf aomufyg .../ (pm? 97)
15/ yifpdrf;ESifh t&ufjzwfaq; ...

yifpdrf;owåK&nfukd ... okH;&ufqufaomufyg .../ (pm? 105)(aq;tBudrf twkdif;twmryg/)
16/ tlaq;jcif;ESifh ESvkH;a&m*g ...

jrif;jcHOD;atmifu olUtouf (80)0if arG;aeYrSm? olodwJh usef;rmatmifaeenf;av;awGukd a&;om;
jzefYa0cJhygw,f/ bma&;xm;ovJqkdawmh qm'l;enf;rsm;eD;pyfrvm;yJ/ wpfvvQif ... wpf&uf? ESpf&ufjzpfap?
okH;&ufjzpfap trmcHawGrpm;bJ azsmf&nfavmufomaomufwJh &ufrsm;&Sdoifhw,fvkdY enf;vrf;ay;ygw,f/
trmcHawGa&SmifvkdY vdar®mf&nf? a&Smuf&nf? oHyk&m&nfponfukd a&eJY oifh½kHa&mNyD; aomufEkdifygu vGefpGm
aumif;vSonfvkdY ajymygw,f/ (pm? 107)
'g[m ... wpfoufwmvkH; tokH;jyKae&wJh (wpfoufwmvkH; r&yfrem;tokH;jyKae&wJh) tlukd aq;ay;jcif;?
11
tlukd cPtem;ay;jcif; oabmvnf; aqmifygw,f/ NyD;awmh ... tqDawGusatmif vkyfaqmif&mvnf; usawmh ...
ESvkH;a&m*guif;a0;zkdYtxd tusKd;&Sdygw,f .../ (pm? 110)
17/ 'defcsOfESifh qD;csKd? uifqm ...

aemufNyD; jrif;jcHOD;atmifu olukd,fwkdifvnf; ... 'defcsOfrSefrSefaomufNyD;? 'defcsOfaomufjcif;ukdvnf;
tm;ay;csifykH&ygw,f/ ukd,fwGif;a&m*gawG ajya&;? aMua&;ayghav/ ukd,fhtdrfrSm ... vG,fvG,faygaygeJY 'defcsOf
vkyfenf;ukdvnf; ajymjyygw,f .../
EkdYukd em&D0ufavmuf usKdNyD;awmh oefYjyefYwJhae&mrSm ESpf&ufavmuf 'Dtwkdif;xm;vkduf&if tcsOf0ifí
'defjzpfwmygyJwJh/ 'D'defxJu wpfZGef;avmuf EkdYxJxnfhvkduf&if wpf&ufeJY 'defjzpfwmyJaygh ..../
'gukd rSefrSefaomuf&if ... omrefusef;rma&;aumif;½kH? tm[m&jzpf½kHoufoufwif r[kwfawmhbl;/
qD;csKdorm;tzkdY odyfaumif;w,f ... uifqma&m*gukdyg umuG,fEkdifw,fvkdY ... OD;atmifu ñTef;ygw,f/ (pm?
110)
18/ wifyg;tem*syfjym;BuD;eJY refusnf;½GufMuyfxkyf ...

aq;xkd;í jzpfonf[k xif&aom wifyg;&Sd tem*syfjym;BuD;udk refusnf;½GufMuyfxkyfeJY wpf&ufudk wpfcg
aeom½kH Muyfxkyfxdk;ay;&ygonf/ wpf&ufwpfcg MuyfxkyfxJ&Sd refusnf;½Gufudk vJay;&ygonf/ temusyfjym;BuD; rSm
tv,fodkY zkvm? pkvmawmhrS pm;aq;wifwmwdkY? tqdyfajzwmwdkYudk q&mBuD;OD;ÓmPfvGifu qufvkyfr,f
ajymygw,f/ aq;enf; razmfjyxm;yg .../ (pm? 25)
19/ plvmezmESifh uefYuvm (*efY*vm) jcm;em;csuf ...

plvmezmESifh wpfxyfwnf; wlvSonfh uefYuvm (*efY*vm) yifudk plvmezmqdkNyD; nmí a&mif;aeMuonf/
uefYuvmu ½kwfjcnf;Munfh&if plvmezmESifh cGJr&p&myg/ t½Guftaetxm;csif;? toD;av;awG ygwmcsif; ponfrSm
wpfxyfwnf;vdk wlonf/ odkYaomf taotcsmMunfh&if uefYuvmu t½Gufxdyf0dkif;NyD; plvmezmu
t½GufcRefovkdav; &dSonf .../ (pm? 118)
uefYuvmjyKwfaomuf&mrSm cg;onf/ plvmezmu rcg;yg/ t&omwpfrsKd;yif ay:csifygonf/ uefYuvmESifh
a&mxm;onfh plvmezmaomuf&if bmjzpfEkdifovJvkdY ar;Mu&m uefYuvmjyKwfaomufrdwm raumif;rjzpfygbl;/
olUtcg;"mwfu avudkawmif Edkifygw,f? [kajz&\ .../ (pm? 119)
wpfcsufod&ef vdkao;onf/ uefYuvmt½kd;udk csKd;vkdufvQif qwfceJ usKd;onf/ plvmezmudk csKd;vQif rusKd;/
wGJcHonf/ NyD; ... plvmezmu EGrf;vmavav? rmvmavavESifh txJwGif oHacsmif;xnfhxm;ovdk rmawmifawmif
jzpfaeonf .../ (pm? 119)
20/ uefYuvmESifh ywfoufí ...

tmedoifrSm cg;\/ at;\/ tpmudk aMunufap\/ t½GufrSm cg;\/ uefYuvmtokH;0ifykHrSm ykd;udk
y,fwwf\/ temudk aumif;ap\/ ,m;em? a&iwfjcif;? ESvkH;usOf;jcif;? qD;ESifhywfoufaoma&m*g ponf
aysmufuif;\/ tm;wkd;jcif;? xufjrufjcif;? aoG;udk pifMu,fapjcif;ponfwdkYudk jzpfaponf/ tdEd´,aq;usrf;rsm;
tqdk& 0rf;wGif;&dS ydk;trsKd;rsKd;udk oefYpifaponf .../
(þpmydk'f (20) onf plvmezm (2) pmtkyfrS r[kwf/ wkdif;&if;aq;ynmOD;pD;XmerS xkwfa0aom ]]vufawGUtokH;cs
aq;zuf0iftyifrsm; (aygif;csKyf) pmtkyfrS aumufEkwf azmfjyygonf .../)
21/ rsufESmrS rSJUuGuf? rSJUrnf;BuD; rsm;ESifh vufonf;? aq;vdyfrS jym ...
rsufESmrS rSJUuGuf? rSJUrnf;BuD;rsm;udk vufonf;jzifh jcpfukwfNyD; aq;vdyfjymESifh wdkY ay;yg/ vufonf;ukd
ydk;r0ifatmif aoaocsmcsm aq;yg/ jcpfrnfhvufonf;udk tm½kHpdkufvkdufwmESifh wpfudk,fvkH;rS tyl"mwfawG[m
12
vufonf;xdyfrSm vmpkowJh/ 'Dtyludk tm;,lwmwJh .../

aq;vdyfjymu 'Dae&mrSm tvGefaumif;wJh aq;wpfrsKd;ygyJ/ aq;vdyfjymrSm tvGeftm;enf;onfh pyfwJh
"mwfav;ygwJhtwGuf temudk ykd;&Sif;ay;wJhtwGuf jrefjrefusufapygw,f/ tJ'Djymudk rsufESmopfNyD;wdkif;?
a&csKd;NyD;wdkif; yg;yg;av; xnfhay;yg .../
½k&Sm;EkdifiHoGm;wkef;u jrefrmvdkwwfwJh ½k&Sm;rav;qDu &vkdufwJhenf;yg/ 'g ... tuste okH;oyfxm;wJh
odyÜHynmygwJh .../ (pm? 139 - 140)
22/ avwGef;tm;enf;yg;aomaMumifh 0rf;csKyf? 0rf;usyf ESifh AkdufavhusifhcPf; ...

avtm;enf;í wGef;tm;enf;vmNyDqkd&if 0rf;csKyfjcif; 'ku©BuKH&NyD ... 'gqkd&if ... wpfenf;u
[if;oD;[if;½Gufpm;ay;/ aemufwenf;u ... AdkufavhusifhcPf; vkyfay;? ukd,fukd yufvufvSefum ...
udk,fhajcESpfacsmif;ukd acgif;ukdausmfatmif ajr§mufumajr§mufumwifay;? wifwJhtcgrSm t½Sdefav;eJYwif jyeftcs
rSmawmh enf;enf;av;aES;í? aES;í jyefcs/ aES;NyD;jyefcswJhtwGuf 0rf;AdkufrSm cHpm;rI&wmaygh/ 0rf;uspfwm
aysmufw,f? 0rf;vG,f? 0rf;aysmhjzpfapw,f/ 0rf;ukd csdefNyD; tBudrf (30)uae tBudrf (60)Mum;vkyfay;yg .../ (pm?
146)
23/ uGrf;½GufeJY om;tdrfuifqm ...

oHk;cGNrKdUe,f uwHk;ay:tv,f&Gmu a':at;oG,f touf (84)ESpf om;tdrfuifqm ... tylaMumifh
jzpfwJha&m*g ... tylcszkdY&m vkdwmygyJ/ tylcswJhae&mrSm taumif;qkH;uawmh uGrf;½Guf/ uGrf;½GuftpGrf;[m
tylaMumifhjzpfwmrSeforQukd aMuysufatmif ajczsufEkdifpGrf;&Sdw,f/ uGrf;½GuftpGrf;eJY a&m*gaysmufEkdifw,fvkdY
ajymwmygyJ/ (pm? 151)
uGrf;½Gufukd a&m*g&SdwJh ae&mrSm rSef;NyD;uyfwJhtcg pdwf"mwf,kHMunfpGm bk&m;ukd t&if&Sdckd;NyD;rS uyfygwJh/
'geJY rSwfrSwf&&yJ &wemoHk;yg;ukd OD;xdyfxm;í a&m*gaysmufoGm;zkdY qkawmif;NyD; uGrf;½GufuyfwmygyJ/ uGrf;½Gufukd
a&m*g&Sd&mrSef;NyD; &ifeJY0rf;ae&mwGif uyfcJh&mrSm ... uGr;f ½Guf (10)½GufcefYjzpfNyD; (15)&uf Mumonftxd rSwfrSwf
&&uyfcJhygw,f/ (pm? 152)
t&ifu ... &ifacgif;ae&mrSm ylovkdvkdawG cHpm;rI&SdcJh&mu 'Dylovkdkvkd jzpfaewmawG aysmufawmh
uGrf;½Gufuyfjcif;ukd &yfcJhwmygyJ/ uGrf;[m ukd,fwGif;u tyleJYtykyf"mwfukd qGJ,l? pkyfxkyfz,f&Sm;wwfygw,f/
'DtyleJY tykyf"mwfawGpifwJhaemuf a&m*gaysmufzkdYyJaygh/ 'gukdrSef;qMunfhNyD;awmhum udk,foufomw,fvkdY xifwJh
tcgrSm &yfvkdufwmygyJwJh/ (pm? 152)
24/ uefpGef;½kd;teDESifh aoG;yspfa&m*g ...

aoG;yspfa&m*gjzpfvQif uefpGef;½GufteDrsKd; (uefpGef;½GufteD) rSt½Guftm;vkH;a>cypfyg/ t½kd;csnf; oufouf
oHk;cGufwpfcGufwif usKdí wpfaeYvQifwpfcGufEIef; reufzuftcsdefrSm aomufyg .../ (pm? 161)
25/ 0JESif;claysufaq; ...

ajcaxmufwGif&Sdaom 0JESif;cl ... a&odk;? a&npfajrmif;xJ tMumBuD;qif;ae&muae a&m*gawGaysmuf
ukefyga&m/ 'gukd pma&;q&mBuD; odef;azjrifhu r,kHvkdY tm&Saq;0g;ynm&SifBuD;jzpfawmfrlaom odrfjzLq&mawmf
tm; avQmufxm;Munfh&m ... q&mawmfBuD;u ]]'umBuD; ... 'g ... jzpfavmufwJhudpötrSefyJ/ ESif;clu
tykyftpyfBudKufwJh ykd;awGpGJ&myJ/ a&ajrmif;u tykyfeYH&awmh 'Dydk;awGu wkd;txGufrSm olwkdYxufqkd;wJh
a&qkd;ajrmif;ykd;awGu olwkdYukd pm;ypfvkdufawmh a&m*gaysmufa&myJ .../}}
tdE´d,rdwfaqGESpfOD;u ajymzl;w,f ]]aysmufcJwJh ESif;cla&m*gukd rpifykyfokwfNyD; ywfwD;eYJtkyfxm;vkdufyg/
aemuf ... aysmufa&m}} vkdY enf;ay;cJhwm apwemtrSef? {uefrSefwJhenf;yJqkdwm tckrS,kHí aus;ZlwifpGm x?
uefawmhcsif& jyefawmho[m .../ (pm? 172)
13
26/ <uufEkdYaysmufenf; ...

yxrOD;qkH;aygufonfh ]]<uufrBuD;EkdY}} ukdoefY&Sif;a&;vky?f ,if;tay:rSm 0g*Grf;a&G;aphcefYwif? rD;ESifhtom wkdY?
&JceJtjzpf? ylceJtaerSm vufñId;? vufrjzifhqGJí xkd<uufEkdYukd tjrpfygatmif ESkwfypfvkdufyg/ usew f Jh
<uufEkdYawGuawmh oltvkdvkd ñdI;NyD; olU[mol jyKwfusoGm;ygvdrfhr,f .../ (pm? 176)
o Q o Q o
14
(3) usef;usef;rmrmtouf ... 100? pmtkyf (1)

armifarmifvdIif (tyfpdkufuk)
yxrtBudrf? 2003? 'DZifbm/ wefzdk; vufaqmifrGef/ Perfect pmay .../
1/ bmomjyefol\ trSmpm...
þaqmif;yg;onf ]]w½kwfjynfESvHk;aoG;aMumokawoetzGJU}} acgif;aqmifygarmu© ]][kefausmif;uGrf;}} u
]]usKH;eef[dkif}} wGif A[dktpdk;& acgif;aqmifBuD;rsm;ESifh e,fy,ftoD;oD;rS yg&*lrsm;tm; ]]usef;rma&;
apmifha&SmufrIynm}} a[majymyGJrS a[majymcsufrsm;jzpfygonf/
]]ayusif;}} naeowif;pmwGif azmfjycJY&m jynfoltrsm; aomif;aomif;jzjzBudKqkd zwf½IcJYMuojzifY
tjcm;owif;pmrsm;uyg xyfrHazmfjycJh&onfh aqmif;yg;ukd bmomjyefxm;jcif;jzpfygonf/ ygarmu©
[kefausmif;uGrf;onf ESvkH;txl;uk q&m0efBuD;wpfOD;jzpfonfhjyif? tar&dum;wGifvnf; umuG,fa&;aq;ynmukd
okawoejyKavhvmcJholwpfOD; jzpfygonf/ ]]usKH;eef[dkif}} onf w½kwfjynfA[kdtpkd;& ½kH;pkduf&mae&mjzpfygonf/
a[majymolu...ol\odyÜHenf;usaom? vG,fulpGmvkdufemusifhokH;Edkifaomenf;vrf;twkdif; aexkdifpm;
aomufoGm;rnfqkdygu usef;usef;rmrmESifh touf(100) ausmfaeEkdif&rnf[k a[majymxm;ygonf/ (pm?
tzGifhpmrsufESm) (pm = rl&if;pmtkyf\ pmrsufESm ...ukdñTef;ygonf/)
2/ rodvkdUao&wmyg...
tckacwfrSm OD;aESmufaoG;aMuma&m*g? tzktBudwfa&m*g? qD;csdKa&m*g pwmawG ...tjzpfrsm;&wm[m
pD;yGm;a&;zHGUNzdK;wkd;wufwmaMumifh? ukefxkwfvkyfrI ukHvkH<u,f0wmaMumifhvkdY ajymaeMuwm vkH;0ukdrSm;ygw,f/
'Da&m*gawG jzpf&wm ½kyf0w¬Kypönf;awG&UJ ,Ofaus;rI tqifhtwef; jrifhvmwmaMumifh r[kwfbJ
...pdwf"mwf,Ofaus;rItqifhtwef;rrDvkdY&,f ...usef;rma&;apmifha½SmufrI csKdUwJhvkdY&,faMumifh jzpf&wm vkdY,lqygw,f/
vltrsm;tjym;[m a&m*gaMumifhao&wm r[kwfbJ rodrIaMumifh ao&wmjzpfygw,f/ (pm? 3)
3/ tav;tyifrwJhtvkyfawG rvkyfygeJYaemf? ESvkH;aoG; aMumydwfa&m*gawG jzpfEdkifygw,f ...

ajcmufusyfwefwJh rkefnif;yif (tawmfrsm;rsm;) tav;tyifawGukd okH;xyfwdkufay: rEdkifreif; rwifcJhwJh
twGuf ESvkH;aoG;aMumydwfoGm;vkdY aq;zkd;ajcmufaomif; ukefuscJhygw,f/ NyD;awmh a&m*g&JU'Pfukdvnf; aovkeD;
yg;cHchJ&ygw,f/ 'gaMumifhrkdU omreftcsdefawGrSm yifyef;whJ tvkyf vkyfavhvkyfx r&SdchJ&if ...tav;tyif rEdkifreif;awG
½kwfw&uf rwmrsKd; rvkyfygeYJaemf .../ (pm? 7)
4/ odyÜHynm&SifawGtBuHjyKwhJ rdepf0uf(3)rsKd; ...

(u) yxrrdepf0uf ...Ekd;Ekd;csif;rxygeYJ? rdepf0uf qufvSJaeyg .../
(c) 'kwd,rdepf0uf ...rdepf0ufwdwd...x xkdifaeyg .../
(*) wwd,rdepf0uf ...(ukwifjzifhtdyfvQif) rdepf0ufwdwdajcwGJavmif;csNyD; qufxkdifaeyg/(pm? 9)
(tBuHjyKcsuf) ... ukwifjzifh rtdyfolrsm;taejzifh Murf;ay:wGifxkdifvQufajcqif;í wwd,rdepf0ufukd
ukefvGefapoifhonf/ (pmul;ol)
¤if; ...rdepf0uf (3)rsKd;NyD;rS vkd&mxoGm;yg .../ (pm? 9)
(wpfrS okH;q,ftxd a&wGufjcif;onf tcsdet
f m;jzifhrdepf0uf jzpfygonf/ bmomjyefol)
5/ rdepf0ufokH;rsKd;u umuG,fEldifonfh a&m*grsm; ...
nvkH;ayguf odyfxm;aomum;ukd reufa&mufwJhtcg csufcsif;pufEId;NyD; armif;oGm;ír&yg/ pufukd ylatmif
raise vkyf&ygw,f/ xkdUtwl vlBuD;rsm;vnf; Ekd;Ekd;csif; ½kwfw&ufxroGm;oifhyg/ ajymchJovkd rdepf0uf okH;cgavmuf
cPav; aeay;vkduf&if rvkdvm;tyfwJh ½kwfw&ufvJus? acgif;uGJ? t½kd;usKd; ponfjzifh rdom;pktwGif; aMuuGJpGmjzifh
15
aoqkH;&rIawG trsm;BuD;avsmhenf;NyD; OD;aESmufwGif; aoG;,kwfavsmh? usqif;wmvnf; rjzpfawmhygbl;/

ESvkH;aoG;aMumydwfwmwkdY? avjzwfwmwkdYvnf; rjzpfawmhygbl; .../ (pm? 9)
6/ odyÜHynm&SifawG tBuHjyKwhJ em&D0uf(3)rsKd; ...

(u) reuftdyf,mx taES;ajy;wmrsKd; ESpfrkdiftxdvyk fyg/ 'grSr[kwf wjcm;ukd,fvufvIyf&Sm;rIwckckvkyfyg/
(c) aeYv,fykdif; em&D0uftdyfyg/ 'gqkd&if ... wpfnaevkH; vef;qef;aeygvdrhfr,f .../
(*) naebuf em&D0ufjznf;jznf;vrf;avQmufyg/ 'gqkd&if ... ntdyfvkdY ykdaumif;r,f .../ (pm? 11)
7/ em&D0uf okH; rsKd;u umuG,fEkdifwJh a&m*grsm; ...

ESvkH;aoG;aMumydwfa&m*geJY aoG;wdk;a&m*gjzpfyGm;EIef; avsmhenf;apEdkifygw,f .../
8/ usef;rmapzdkY enf;vrf;wus pm;aomufyg ...

u,fvpD,rf (xkH;"mwf) csKdUwJh&if t½kd;udkufcJwwfw,f? t½kd;yGwwfw,f? t½kd;usnf;aygif;wufr,f?
cg;emr,f? aygifudkufr,f? toufBuD;olawG ylyifaomu jzpfvG,fr,f? cg;ukef;wwfw,f? t½kd;usKd;vG,fw,f?
'gawGudk umuG,fcsif&if ... ntdyf&m0if 'defcsOw f pfcGuf (odkU) yJEkdU ESpfcGuf aomufay;yg .../
xrif;rpm;cif [if;csKdaomufu usef;rmoG,fvsrnf/ 0 csif&if xrif;pm;NyD;rS [if;csKdaomuf/ ydefcsif&if
[if;csKdaomufNyD;rS xrif;pm;/ tyifu&wJh y½kdwdef;usawmh bmtaumif;qkH;vJ ...yJydpyf? yJiyd? yJykyf (Soya Bean)
[m ... usef;rma&;udk aumif;rGefap½kHomrubl; ... trsKd;orD;BuD;rsm; aoG;qkH;udkifwJha&m*gudk
txl;umuG,fay;ygw,f .../
t,fvAsLrif (y½kdwdef;) rsm;vGef;jyef&ifvnf; taoapmr,f/ bmaMumifhvJ qdkawmh trDEdktufppf
trsm;tjym;[m ]]qD;}} xJrSmygoGm;awmh ausmufuyfudk xdcdkufwmaygh/ t,fvAsLrif (y½kdwdef;)
rsm;vGef;jyef&ifvnf; tpmraMujzpfr,f/ tlwGif; tqdyftawmuf wdk;yGm;r,f/ t,fvAsLrif (y½kdwdef;)
enf;jyef&ifvnf; raumif;bl;/ NyD;awmh &ufowåwpfygwfrSm qeftEkpm;½kHwifrubJ qefMurf;udk okH;? av;
Budrfawmh pm;ay;&r,f/ ajymif;zl;rIefY? ajymif;zl;&ifh? uefpGef;OeD pwJh tpmMurf;awGvnf; pm;ay;&r,f/ NyD;awmh t0?
tNyJ rpm;ygeJY/ q,fyHkpm;Edkifw,f qkd&if ckESpfyHk? &SpfyHk avmufompm;ay;yg/ 'Dtcsuf[m ta&;tBuD;qkH;yJ/
vwfqwfwJh [if;oD;[if;½GufeJY opfoD;awG&JU xl;uJwJh tmedoifuawmh uifqma&m*g jzpfEdkifrI xuf0uf
ausmf avsmhenf;apygw,f/ toD;t½Guf? eD? 0g? pdrf;? jzL? rJ (rnf;) .../
c&rf;csOfoD; teD? trSnfh wpfaeYwpfvkH; pm;yg/ trsKd;om;rsm;twGuf qD;usdwfuifqm jzpfEdkifajc 45%
avsmhenf;r,f/ pdwf"mwfusaew,fqdk&if i½kwfoD; teDawmifh enf;enf; pm;ay;&if pdwf"mwfaumif;rGefvmNyD;
ylyefaMumifhMuwJh pdwfawG avsmhenf;apygw,f/ ]]0g}} qdkwmu eD0ga&mif [if;oD;[if;½Guf? rkefvmOeD? z&JoD;?
uefpGef;O? ajymif;zl;&ifh? a½Tz½kHoD; awGaygh/ tJ'D toD;awG? OawGrSm ADwmrif ]]at}} yg0ifw,f/ ADwmrif ]]at}}
csKdUwJh&if uav;awGrSm yoda&mifr,f? tat;rdzsm;r,f? vlvwfydkif;qdk&if aoG;vTwfaMum rmuspfr,f? vlBuD;ydkif;
qdk&if rsufpdrIefr,f .../
NyD;awmh ]]pdrf;}} qdkwm tpdrf;a&mif vufzufajcmuf (Green Tea) a&aEG;Murf;yg .../ t&nfxJrSmawmh
a&aEG;Murf;[m taumif;qkH;ygyJ/ a&aEG;Murf;xJrSm ygwJh "mwfawG[m yifyef;'PfaMumifh pGJuyfwJh a&m*gawGudk
umuG,fEdkifygw,f/ tdkrif;&ifha&mfrIudk aES;auG;apw,f? vef;qef;EkysKdapw,f/ a&aEG;Murf;aomufwm
touf&Snfapw,f/ tzktusdwfxGufwm avsmhenf;apw,f/ NyD;awmh aoG;vTwfaMum rmuspfrIudk
avsmhenf;apwmuawmh {uef'd|ygyJ .../
]]jzL}} uawmh tjzLa&mifauGumtkyf (jrif;pm;*sKH) yg/ aeYpOf eHeuf auGumtkyf wpfcGuf aomufyg/
auGumtkyftjyKwf[m udkvufpxa&m (tqD"mwf) udk usapygw,f/ qD;csKda&m*geJY udk,ftav;csdef avQmhcszdkY
twGufvnf; tvGefaumif;ygw,f/ txl;ojzifh auGumtkyf[m 0rf;aysmhaysmh oGm;apygw,f/ oufBuD;&G,ftdk awG&JU
0rf;[m tpdk"mwfenf;NyD; 0rf;tajcmufawGjzpfwwfygw,f/ tJ'g[m OD;aESmufaoG;aMumtwGuf tEÅ&m,f&dS ygw,f/
16
0rf; ykHrSefoGm;wm tvGefaumif;ygw,f/

(Ready Made toifhxkyfxm;aom tcsKdawG? EdkYrIefYawG a&mxm;aom auGumtkyf r[kwfyg/ txkyfBuD;jzpfNyD; tcsKd?
tief? EdkY ponf t&omawG rygao;aom txkyfBuD; xJu auGumtkyfrsKd;jzpfygonf .../ jrefrmjyefol)
NyD;awmh ]]rJ (rnf;)}} qdkwJh trJa&mif <uufem;½GufrId[m xl;xl;jcm;jcm; aumif;rGefygw,f/ wpfaeYudk
2usyfom;u 7usyfom;cefYtxd? [if;csKdcsufNyD; aomufaomuf? [if;csufpm;pm;? okwfpm;pm; &ygw,f/
<uufem;½GufrId[m aoG;yspfcRJrIvGefuJwmudk usJapygw,f/ OD;aESmufaoG;aMumydwfa&m*geJY ESvkH;a&m*gawGjzpfzdkY
cJ,Of;oGm;NyD/ ckacwfrSm vlBuD;awG trsm;tjym;[m ai;ai;idkifidkifeJY xkHwkHwkH? EkHtt jzpfwwfMuwm[m
ao;i,fvSwJh qHcsnfrQifaoG;aMum trsm;tjym; ydwfqdkYoGm;vdkY jzpf&wmyg/ aemufqkH; OD;aESmufu r&awmhbl;?
EkHtt jzpfvmNyD? rSwfÓmPfvnf; r&dSawmhbl;/ 'Dvdk jzpfwmawG[m aoG;yspfcRJrI vGefuJwmaMumifhyg/ tJ'Dvdk jzpf&if
<uufem;½GufrdI [m taumif;qkH;ygyJ .../ ( pm ? 24-44 )
9/ usef;rmapzdkY oifhawmfwJh tm;upm;vkyfyg ...

aea&mifjcnf&,f? av&,f? a&&,f eJY tm;upm;awG[m touf&Sifa&;eJY usef;rma&;twGuf t&if;tjrpf
ygyJ/ vrf;avQmufjcif;[m urÇmrSm taumif;qkH;tm;upm;ygyJ/ vrf;avQmufjcif;[m aoG;vTwfaMum rmuspfwm
awGudk aysmhajymif;apEdkifw,f/ vrf;avQmufavhusifhcef;vkyf&if aoG;cJawG[m tvdkvdk jy,f?aysmufoGm;w,f/
NyD;awmh aoG;wdk;a&m*g? aoG;xJrSm udkvufpxa&m tqDrsm;wJha&m*g? t0vGefa&m*gawG twGufvnf;
aumif;ygw,f .../
vrf;avQmufjcif;tjyif tvGefaumif;wJh tm;upm;enf;uawmh ]]xdkufuDscRrf}} (aysmhaysmif;aES;auG;aom
usef;rma&; odkif;ynm) yJjzpfygw,f/ (AE¨Kvyef;jcHxJwGif eHeufwdkif; ]]xdkufusDcRrf}} upm;aeMuonfudk awGUjrifEdkif
ygonf/ jrefrmjyefol) (pm? 48-54)
10/ usef;rmapzdkY aq;vdyfjzwf? t&ufavQmhyg ...

aq;vdyf 1q ydkaomuf&if tEÅ&m,fu 4q ydkwdk;w,f/ aq;vdyf 5vdyf xufydkaomuf&if tEÅ&m,f[m
ododomom ydkwdk;vmygvdrfhr,f/ t&ufenf;enf;aomuf&if udpör&dSbl;/ rsm;vdkYawmh rjzpfbl;/ (pm? 55)
11/ usef;rmapzdkY pdwfaeoabmxm;rQwyg ...

'Dtcsuf[m ta&;tBuD;qkH;ygyJ/ tjcm;tcsufawGudk rrSwfbJaevdkY &Edkifygw,f/ 'D ]]pdwfaeoabmxm;
rQwjcif;}} qdkwJh 'Dtcsufwpfcsufudk owdjyKrdae&if usef;rma&;a&Taomhudk qkyfukdifrdygNyD/ ayusif;rSm usef;usef;
rmrm&dSwJh touf&mausmf bdk;bGm; tajrmuftrsm;udk ppfwrf;xkwfMunfhzl;ygw,f/ 'Dusef;rma&;aumif;wJh bdk;bGm;
awG[m awmfawmf xl;qef;ygw,f/
wpfcsKdUu apmapmtdyf? apmapmxvdkY usef;rmw,f/ wpfcsKdUusjyefawmh nOfheufrS tdyf? aejrifhrS xvdkY
usef;rmw,f/ wpfcsKdUu tom;BudKufw,f/ tqDrS pm;w,f/ wpfcsKdUusjyefawmh bmtom;rS rpm;vdkY usef;rmw,f/
wpfcsKdUu aq;vdyfraomufvkdY usef;rmw,f/ wpfcsKdUusjyefawmh aq;vdyfaomufwmygyJ/ wpfcsKdUu vufzuf&nf
raomufvdkY? wpfcsKdUusjyefawmh aomufwmygyJ/
tJ'Dvdk trsKd;rsKd; ajzMuayr,fh tcsuf (2)csufrSmawmh bdk;bGm;awG wlnDMuw,f/ wpftcsuf ... usef;rmwJh
bdk;bGm;wdkif;[m oabmxm;BuD;Muw,f/ vdkufvdkufavsmavsm &dSw,f/ pdwfrmef cufxefwm? o0efwdk?
o0efaMumifwm uwfoD;uwfzJhvkyfwm vkH;0r&dSbl;/ ESpftcsufu usef;rmwJhbdk;bGm;awG wpfa,mufwpfavrS
tysif;BuD;wmr&dSbl;/ tvkyf vkyf&ifvkyf? rvkyf&if usef;rma&; avhusifhcef; vkyfwmygyJ/
aoG;vTwfaMumawG[m wpfrk[kwfcsif; rmuspfvmwm r[kwfbl;/ aoG;vTwfaMum[m 4-5-6ESpf ... 10ESpf
... tESpf20 MumrS rmuspfNyD; ydwfqdkUoGm;wmyg/ 'gayr,fh pdwfqdk;r,f? a'goxGufr,f? ylyifaomu pdk;&drf pdwfawG
vGefr,fqdk&ifawmh aoG;aMumawG[m wpfrdepftwGif; &mEIe;f jynfh usOf;ydwfoGm;NyD; csufcsif; aooGm; Edkifygw,f/
'gaMumifhrdkY pdwfoabmxm; rrQwwm[m 'Davmufxdudk jyif;xefqdk;&Gm;oGm;Edkifygw,f/
17
wpfcsKdUvlawG a&m*g&vG,fw,f/ wpfcsKdUusjyefawmh tvG,fwul a&m*g rjzpfbl;/ 'g[m pdwftajctaeeJY

tawmfhudk ywfoufaeygw,f/ ol[m udk,fhpum; em;raxmif&if aeygapaygh/ b0u olUudk oifcef;pmay; qkH;r
vdrfhr,f/ olUacgif;eJY tkwfeH&HeJY wdk;rd&if olUtvdkvdk pum;em;axmifvmvdrfhr,f/ oleJY cdkuf&efa'go xGufaezdkY rvdkbl;
.../ (pm? 56-62)
12/ pdwfom t"du? aq;0g;u 'kwd, ...

rdrdudk,fukd rSefrSefuefuef oabmxm;yg/ olwpfyg;udk rSefrSefuefuef oabmxm;yg/ avmuBuD;udk
rSefrSefuefuef oabmxm;yg/ avmuBuD;udk aus;Zl;wifwwfygap/ avmuBuD;udk taumif;jrifwwfygap .../ (pm?
71-75)
13/ pdwfcsrf;om r*Fvm (8)yg;aq; ...

(1) arwåm? u½kPmpdwf ...
(2) pdwfaumif;apwem ...
(3) rSefuefwJh pdwfxm; ...
(4) onf;cH oufñSmpdwf ...
(5) rdbudk ½dkaopdwf ...
(6) ½dk;om;ajzmifhrwfpdwf ...
(7) avmuudk tusKd;jyKvdkpdwf ...
(8) aus;Zl;wkHYjyefjcif;udk rarQmfvifhwJhpdwf .../ (pm? 79 - 81)
14/ tzdk;wefaom 'óepmpkrsm; ...

à vltrsm;pk[m ... a&m*gaMumifhao&wmr[kwfbJ ...
rodrIaMumifh ao&wm jzpfygw,f ... (pm? 5)
à usef;rmjcif;&JUa&SUarSmufrSm vlwkdif; wef;wl&nfwlygyJ ...
pnf;urf;azmufzsufwJhol 'ku©a&mufrSmyJ ...
vdkufemwJhol usef;usef;rmrm ae&rSmyJ ... (pm? 31)
à 0ç csif&if ... xrif;pm;NyD;rS [if;csKdaomuf ...
ydefcsif&if ... [if;csKdaomufNyD;rS xrif;pm; .../ (pm? 34)
à q,fykHteuf ...ckESpfykH? &SpfykHrQeJY 0½kHpm; .../ (pm? 37)
à tiwf'PfeJY tat;'Pf ... okH;ykHcH .../ (pm? 39)
à urÇmay:rSm taumif;qkH; tm;upm;enf;[m ...
]]vrf;avQmufjcif;}} ygyJ .../ (pm? 39)
à oif ... usef;rmvdkygovm;? ajy;yg .../
oif ... ÓmPfxufjrufvdkygovm;? ajy;yg .../
oif ... vSyacsmarmvdkygovm;? ajy;yg .../
ajy;jcif;onf ... vludk usef;rmaponf .../
vludk ao;oG,faponf .../ (pm? 48)
à obm0avmuBuD;[m tvGefYudk qef;Mu,fygw,f .../
tjyeftvSef NydKifqdkif&if;eJYyJ ...
toD;oD; wdk;wwfvmMuwmyg .../ (pm? 53)
à pdwfoabmxm; rQwjcif;onf ...
usef;rmjcif; twGuf ]]a&Taomh}} .../ (pm? 56)
18
à ol ... pum;em;raxmif&if aeygap ...

b0u olUudk oifcef;pmay; qkH;rvdrfhr,f ...
olUacgif;eJY tkwfeH&H wkd;rd&if ...
ol ... tvdkvdk pum;em;axmifvmvdrfhr,f ...
'gaMumifh ... olUtay: cdkuf&efa'goxGufzdkY rvdkbl; .../ (pm? 62)
à wpfcsKdUvlawG ... a&m*g&vG,fw,f ...
wpfcsKdUusawmh ... a&m*gtvG,fwulrjzpfbl; ...
'g[m ... pdwftajctaeeJY odyfudk ywfowfaeygw,f .../ (pm? 63)
à acsmfvJ&if ... jyefxEdkifvdrfhr,f ...
pdwf"mwf acsmufcsm;NydKysufoGm;&if jyefrxEdkifawmhbl; .../ (pm? 65)
à ]]edrdwfjy}} ajymqdkrI&JU
tusKd;oufa&mufrI[m ...
tvGefYudk BuD;rm;w,f .../ (pm? 68)
à pdwfomvQif t"du...
]]aq;}} u ... 'kwd, .../ (pm? 71)
à b0[m rSefwpfcsyfvdkygyJ ...
oifNyHK;&if ... olNyHK;r,f ...
oifidk&if ... olidkr,f .../ (pm? 76)
à ESpfq,fhwpf&mpkrSm ...
usef;rma&;[m ]]&wem}} .../ (pm? 79)
à taumif;qkH;q&m0ef[m ... rdrdudk,fwdkif .../
taumif;qkH;tm;upm;[m ... vrf;avQmufjcif; .../
taumif;qkH;aq;[m ... tcsdef .../
taumif;qkH;pdwfaepdwfxm;[m ... wnfNidrfrI .../ (pm? aemufausmzkH;)
à twdwfudkarhypf ... vuf&dStajctaeudkvspfvsL½I ...
,ckaysmfatmifae ... tem*wfudkvQrf;arQmf .../ (pm? 73)
15/ uAsm Oayu©m ...

à tcspftrkef; ... NyHK;&,fidka<u;
tav;rxm; ... yef;rsm;yGifha<u
tysif;ajyMunfh ... &dSvnf;&dSap
rGJvnf;rGJap ... rrIavNyD
pdrfajyeajy ... wdrfawGa&GUvsm;
½Ipm;aysmf&Tifaernfom .../ (pm? 83)
à b0 c&D;Murf; ... avBuD;vIdif;xef
avmu"Hwufus ... udpörsm;ajrmif
atmifjrifqkH;½IH; ... aMuuGJap? NyHK;aysmfap
ESvkH;rysufonfom ...
tdyfrufyrm ... ysufjy,foGm;ap .../ (pm? 84)
o Q o Q o
19
20
(4) usef;usef;rmrmtouf ... 100? pmtkyf (2)

armifarmifvdIif (tyfpdkufuk)
yxrtBudrf? 2004? Edk0ifbm/ wefzdk; 450usyf/ Perfect pmay .../
1/ urÇmhusef;rma&;tzGJUcsKyfaqmifyk'f ...
ukvor*¾vufatmufcH urÇmhusef;rma&;tzGJUcsKyf&JUaqmifyk'fuawmh ... ]]rodvdkY ao&wm ... vkH;0
rjzpfapeJY ...}}/ (pm? 40)
(wu,fawmh ... avmuBuD;rSm toufBuD;vdkY aowJhvlursm;&rSm? tckawmh ... rodvdkY ... usef;rma&;udk
b,fvdkapmifha&Smuf&r,fqdkwm rodvdkY ... toufrBuD;ao;bJ i,fi,f&G,f&G,feJY ... aowJhvlu ... rsm;aeygw,f/
'gaMumifh ... ]]rodvdkY ao&wm vkH;0 rjzpfygapeJY ...}}/)
2/ usef;rma&;twGuf aomufp&mt&nf (6)rsKd; ...

EdkifiHwumnDvmcHBuD;u owfrSwfvdkufwJh usef;rma&;udk umuG,fapmifha&SmufwJh ... aomufp&m
t&nfajcmufrsKd;uawmh ...
(1) (tpdrf;a&mif) vufzuf&nfMurf; ...
(2) (teDa&mif) pyspf0dkif ...
(3) yJEdkY ...
(4) 'defcsOf (EGm;EdkYvdkY razmfjywm owdjyKyg) ...
(5) t½dk;jyKwf[if;csKd ...
(6) rId[if;csKd ... (pm? 8)
3/ ESvkH;tckef&yfapjcif; taMumif;&if; ...

BuD;vGef;wJh? rmvGef;wJh? ap;vGef;wJh? ylvGef;wJh tpm;tpmawG[m ESvkH;tckef &yfoGm;apEdkifygw,f/ NyD;awmh
aoG;xJrSm tqD"mwf (udkvufpxa&m) rsm;vGef;&ifvnf; ESvkH;tckef&yfoGm;apEkdifygw,f .../ (pm? 15)
4/ vlü&dSaom tjrifh (3)yg; ...

(1) aoG;wkd;EIef;jrifhw,f ...
(2) aoG;xJrSm tqD"mwf (udkvufpxa&m) jrifhw,f ...
(3) aoG;xJrSm tcsKd"mwf jrifhw,f .../ (pm? 22)
5/ yef;*sKHrSm&dSaom tcs (3)yg; ...

(1) aoG;wkd;EIef;udkcsw,f ...
(2) aoG;wGif;tqD"mwf (udkvufpxa&m) udkcsw,f ...
(3) aoG;wGif;tcsKd"mwfudkcsw,f .../ (pm? 22)
6/ yef;*sKHpm;wJhvlrSm rjzpfwJha&m*g ...

yef;*sKHpm;wJhvl[m tpmvrf;aMumif;uifqm? ptdk>yefuifqm? tlrBuD;uifqmawG rjzpfEkdifbl;/ txdkifrsm;wJh
½kH;0efxrf;awGjzpfwwfwJha&m*g&JU 20% [m ... ptdk>yefuifqmeJY? tlrBu;D uifqmwdkYjzpfw,f .../ (pm? 23)
7/ ajratmufOawGrSm&dSaom pkyf,ljcif; (3)yg; ...

(1) a&"mwfudk pkyf,lw,f ...
(2) tqD"mwfudk pkyf,lw,f ...
21
(3) tqdyf"mwfudk pkyf,lw,f ...

ajratmufOawGuawmh ... uefpGef;OtjzL? uefpGef;OteD? arsmufO? tmvl;? ydef;O .../ (pm? 23)
8/ ajratmufOpm;wJhvlrSm rjzpfwJha&m*g ...

a&"mwfudk pkyf,lwJhtwGuf tlvrf;aMumif;udk acsmrGwfapw,f/ tlrBuD;uifqm? ptdk>yefuifqmawG
rjzpfawmhbl;/ tqD"mwfeJY tcsKd"mwfudk pkyf,lwJhtwGuf qD;csLda&m*g rjzpfawmhbl;/ tqdyf"mwfudk pkyf,lwJh twGuf
tpmtdrfeJY tlwpfavQmuf a&mif&rf;wm? temaygufwm rjzpfawmhbl; .../ (pm? 23)
9/ auGumtkwfaMumifh tqDeJY aoG;wkd;us ...

tkwf ... (Oat) vdkYac:wJh jrif;pm;*sKH .../ aoG;wkd;a&m*g&dSw,fqdk&if tJ'D auGumtkwfudk pm;udkpm;&r,f/ tJ'D
auGumtkwfu ... aoG;awG? tqDawGudk usapw,f/ aoG;wkd;EIef; usapw,f .../
rSwfcsuf .../ tqifoifhjyifqifxm;aom ,ckxkwfvkyfa&mif;csaeMuonfh wpfcgaomuf auGumtkwf
txkyf vkH;0 r[kwfyg/ rnfodkYrQtcsK?d tief rjyKjyif&ao;onfh auGumtkwfrsm;udkom qdkvdkygonf .../ (pm? 24)
10/ yJEdkYu umuG,fwJha&m*g ...
EGm;EdkYrSm uifqmumuG,fwJh "mwfawGrygbl;/ yJEdkYxJrSm uifqmumuG,fwJh "mwf (5)rsKd; ygw,f/ tJ'DxJrSm
xl;jcm;rIu uDwkH; "mwfwpfrsKd;yg0ifrIyJ/ tJ'D"mwfu EdkYtkHuifqm? ptdk>yefuifqm? tlrBuD;uifqmawGudk umuG,f
Edkifw,f/ aysmufuif;apEdkifw,f .../ (pm? 30)
11/ rkefvmOeDu umuG,fwJha&m*g ...

rsufpdudk tusKd;jyKw,f/ rkefvmOeDudk a&&Snfpm;&if tvG,fwultat;rdjcif; rjzpfEdkifbl;/ qHyifudk
oefrmapw,f/ ta&jym;udk vSyapw,f/ uifqmumuG,f&mrSm tenf;tusOf; taxmuftuljyKw,f/ rkefvmO
eDudk b,favmuftylay;ay; olU&JU tm[m&owådawG rxdcdkufbl; .../ (pm? 31)
12/ a&Tz½kHoD;u umuG,fwJha&m*g ...

a&Tz½kHoD; tNrJpm;wJhvl[m qD;csKda&m*g rjzpfEdkifbl; .../ (pm? 32)
13/ Muuf[if;cg;oD;u umuG,fwJha&m*g ...

Muuf[if;cg;oD; tNrJpm;wJhvl[mvnf; qD;csKda&m*g rjzpfEdkifbl; .../ (pm? 32)
14/ c&rf;csOfoD;u umuG,fwJha&m*g ...

om;tdrfuifqm rjzpfbl;/ om;Otdrfuifqm rjzpfbl;/ yefu&d,uifqm rjzpfbl;/ qD;tdrfuifqm rjzpfbl;/
qD;usdwfuifqm rjzpfbl;/ 'gayr,fh ... t&rf;pm;vdkYawmhr&bl; .../
a&pifatmifaq;NyD; (tylray;bJeJY) 'Dtwkdif;pm;vdkYr&bl;/ c&rf;csOfoD;rSmygwJh c&rf;csOfoD;"mwfqdkwm
awmfawmfeJY xGufrvmEdkifbl;/ wpfpkHwpfckaom twkdif;twmtxd tylay;rS xGufvmEdkifw,f/ c&rf;csOfoD;eJY
MuufOarTaMumfwm/ c&rf;csOfoD; MuufO [if;csKd odyfaumif;ygw,f .../ (pm? 32)
15/ MuufoGefjzLu umuG,fwJha&m*g ...

MuufoGefjzL[m uifqmumuG,fwJh bk&ifwpfyg;ygyJ/ 'gayr,hf MuufoGefjzLudk tylay;vdkuf&if ([if;xJ
xnfhcsufpm;&if) bmrSr&awmhbl;/ 'Dawmh MuufoGefjzLpm;&if; uifqmjzpfawmhwmyJ/ bmjzpfvdkYvJ ... pm;enf;
r[kwfvdkY .../
yg;yg;vDS;xm;wJh MuufoGefjzLudk (15)rdepfcefY avovyfcH&w,f/ 'DawmhrS atmufpD*sif"mwfeJY aygif;pyf
22
"mwfjyKNyD; olUtpGrf;owådawG ay:xGufvmw,f/ MuufoeG fjzL"mwfxGufvmrS uifqmumuG,fEkdifw,f/ MuufoGefjzL

teYHjyif;wm rpdk;&drfygeJY/ ajryJav; 0g;vdkuf&if? 'grSr[kwf a&aEG;Murf;av; aomufvdkuf&if teHY aysmufoGm;wmygyJ
.../ (pm? 33)
16/ tufpy&if ( Aspirin) awG ... raomufMuygeJYawmh ...

ESvkH;aoG;aMumydwfaoqkH;wmudk ukvdkYr&ayr,fh umuG,fvdkYawmh&w,f/ q&m0efBuD;awGu olUvlemudk
tufpy&ifpm;apw,f/ aoG;ryspfatmifvdkY? ESvHk;aoG;aMumydwfroGm;atmifvdkY/ 'gayr,fh tufpy&ifaomufwJhvl awG
aemufydkif;rSm rsufpdatmufzufu aoG;,dkqif;rIawG&dSvmw,f/ awmfawmfrsm;rsm; jzpfvmMuw,f/ uRefawmf
ajymyg&ap ... tufpy&if (Aspirin) awG ... raomufMuygeJYawmh .../ (pm? 35)
17/ <uufem;½GufrdIu umuG,fwJha&m*g ...

<uufem;½GufrdIu aoG;udk ryspfcRJapawmhbl;/ (pm? 35)
<uufem;½GufrdIpm;NyD;&if aoG;awGjyefusJoGm;r,f/ OD;aESmufaoG;aMumydwfa&m*g jzpfzdkY cJ,Of;oGm;NyD/ ckacwf
rSm vlBuD;awG awmfawmfrsm;rsm;[m ai;ai;idkifidkifeJY xkHwkHwkH? EkHttjzpfwwfMuygw,f/ 'g[m ao;i,fvSwJh
qHcsnfrQifaoG;aMumawG wjznf;jznf;ydwfqdkYvmwmjzpfygw,f/ aemufqHk;awmh OD;aESmufur&awmhbl;/ EkHtt
jzpfvmNyD/ rSwfÓmPfvnf; r&dSawmhbl;/ 'DvdktajctaersK;d [m rsm;aomtm;jzifh aoG;yspfcRJvGefuJwmaMumifh jzpf&
wmygyJ .../ (pmtkyf (1) rS pm? 44)
18/ aoG;yspfcRJwwfwJh vlwef;pm; ...

t&yfykw,f? wkwfcdkifw,f? 0w,f? txl;ojzifh aoG;qkH;NyD;wJhtrsKd;orD;rsm;? aemufNyD; AB aoG;trsKd;tpm;
&dSwJhvl? tJ'Dtcsuftvufrsm;[m aoG;yspfcRJwJh vlpm;rsKd;awGygyJ/ aemufNyD; vnfyif;*kwfydk;wkdav aoG;yspfcRJavyJ/
t&ufjzL aomuf&ifvnf; aoG;udk yspfcRJapygw,f/ aomufr,fqdk&if teDa&mif0dkifudk aomufyg/ 'gayr,fh
100pDpDxuf rydkapeJYaemf .../ (pm? 35)
19/ pdrf;jyma&nd§ (Spirulina) u umuG,fay;wJha&m*g ...

pdrf;jyma&ñdS[m tcktcg urÇmausmfoGm;ygNyD/ tm[m&rjynfhpkHbl; qdk&if olUudk rarhygeJY/ ol[m tpm;
taomufawGudkvnf; xdef;ñdSoGm;ygw,f/ ol[m ESvHk;eJY OD;aESmufaoG;aMuma&m*grsm;eJY ywfoufvdkY aoG;wdk;udk
usapw,f/ aoG;wGif;tqDawG usapw,f .../
qD;csKda&m*gjzpf&if y½dkwif;csKdUwJhw,f/ ADwmrifcsKUd wJhw,f/ uk&cufw,f/ 'geJY ywfoufvdkY pdrf;jyma&ñdS [m
ADwmrifawG jznfhpGufay;w,f/ ta&;tBuD;qHk;aumif;uGufuawmh pdrf;jyma&ñdS[m qD;csKda&m*g&Sifudk aemuf
qufwGJ jzpfwwfwJh a&m*gawG rjzpfapbl;/ omrefvlawG pm;aomufovdk pm;aomufEdkifw,f .../
pdrf;jyma&ñdSudk oHk;pGJoGm;r,fqdk&if wjznf;jznf; qD;csKdaq;udk &yfvdkufNyD; pdrf;jyma&ñdSaq;yJ qufvuf
oHk;pGJoGm;vdkY&w,f/ tpm;taomufeJYyJ xdef;oGm;vkdY&NyD/ Oa&mywdkufrSm qD;csKda&m*gudk vkH;0Edkifatmif wdkufEdkifcJhNyD/
NyD;awmh tpmtdrfa&mifem? tpmtdrfjynfwnfemeJY ywfoufvdkY pdrf;jyma&ñdSrSm ½Gufpdrf;"mwfypönf; yg0if
awmh tpmtdrf&JU usdcRJajr§;udk jyefvnfpGrf;aqmifapEdkifw,f/ aemufNyD; tonf;a&m*geJY ywfoufvdkY pdrf;jyma&ñdS [m
a&m*gydk;udk xyfryGm;apawmhbl;/ NyD;awmh pdrf;jyma&ñdS[m "mwfa&mifjcnf (Radiation) udkvnf; umuG,fay;w,f
.../
uGefysLwma&SUrSm tvkyfvkyfMuwJh udk,f0efaqmifawG udk,f0efysufusw,f/ wpfcsKdU arG;vmwJhuav;[m
zm;uav;vdk jzpfaew,f/ wpfcsKdUqdk tNrD;ygwJhuav;awmif &dSowJh/ "mwfa&mifjcnf[m vlawGudk awmfawmf
'ku©ay;w,f/ acwfay:jzpfwJh Microwave Oven ac:wJh tEkvQyfvdIif;rD;zdk[m tEÅ&m,fBuD;rm;w,f/
"mwfa&mifjcnf[m 7rDwm twGif;rSm udk,fay:udk usa&mufw,f .../
23
reuf (9)em&DausmfrS npfnrf;wJhavxk[m atmufudkusqif;epfjr§KyfoGm;w,f/ avxJrSm npfnrf;wJh

t&mawG avsmhenf;oGm;w,f/ owdxm;yg/ reuftdyf&mx jywif;aygufzGifhNyD; touf00 &SLwm rvkyfygeJY/
uifqmjzpfapEdkifwJh t&mawG tqkwftwGif; wpfjyHKBuD;0ifoGm;Edkifw,f/ tqkwfuifqm jzpfEkdifw,f/ EdkifiHwum
nDvmcHu owday;xm;wm&dSygw,f/ reuf (6)em&DrS reuf (9)em&DtwGif; tcsdef[m uifqmjzpfEdkifwJh tEÅ&m,f
t&dSqkH;tcsdefjzpfw,f qdkwJh tcsufyJ .../ (pm? 43-50)
20/ &,farmjcif;\ tusKd;oufa&mufrI ...

]]wpfcg&,f ... q,fESpfi,f}} wJh/ touft&G,f i,foGm;wmudk qkdvkdwmr[kwfygbl;/ pdwf"mwfysKd&G,f
oGm;wmudk qdkvdkwmyg/ tNrJjyHK;&,faeyg/ tNrJusef;rmaerSmyg/ &,farmjcif;&JU tusKd;oufa&mufrIu tvGefBuD;rm;
ygw,f/ bmjzpfvdkY r&,fMuwmvJ .../
&,farmvdkufjcif;tm;jzifh acgif;wpfjcrf;udkufwm rjzpfawmhbl;/ aemufausmwufwm rjzpfawmhbl;/
bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh &,fvdkufwJh tcsdeftwGif;rSm aoG;avawG jynfhNzdK;yGifhukefvdkY/ yGifh&if rembl;? ryGifh&if emw,f/
&,farmjcif;[m OD;aESmufwGif;emusOfrIudk xkHarhomG ;apwJh ]]arhxkHaq;}} wpfrsKd; aygufzGm;ay;w,f/
tqpftjrpfudkufcJ&if tqpfudk zdESdyfNyD; tm;&yg;& &,fvdkufyg/ cPMum&if emwmawG aysmufoGm;wm awGU&yg
vdrfhr,f/ &,farmwm[m tJ'Davmufudk tusKd;&dSygw,f .../
bmjzpfvdkY r&,fMuao;wmvJ ...¿ (pm? 57-59)
o Q o Q o
24
(5) jrefrmhaq;NrD;wkdrsm;
ae0if; (vef'ef)
yxrtBudrf? 1999? ZEé0g&D/ wefzkd; 200usyf/ pmayavmu .../
1/ <uufEkdYaysmufaq;enf;ESifh cHwufacguf ...

csOfzwfxnfhpm;avh&Sdaom cHwufacgufukd cGmyg/ ¤if;cGmí&aom cHwufacgufrS twGif;om;EkEkukd
"m;yg;yg;jzifh oifhawmf½kHt&G,fcGmyg/ ¤if;cGmí&aom cHwufvTmukd <uufEkdYay:wifNyD;uGGmrusap&ef ... yvwfpwmjzifh
ckESpf&ufcefY tkyfxm;yg/ <uufEkdYrsm; t&mruse&f pfbJ vkH;0aysmufuif;oGm;rnf .../ (pm? 4)
2/ acgif;ukduf? ZufaMumwuf? rsuf½kd;ukkdufaysmufaq;enf; ...

acgif;ukdufvQif em;xifESpfbufukd uGrf;½Gufuyfyg/ ZufaMumwufvQif ZufaMumae&mukd vkHatmifuyfyg/
rsuf½kd;ukdufvQif rsuf½kd;ESifheD;aom rsufckH;wpf0kdufESifh rsufvkH;teD;wpf0dkufudk uyfyg/ uGrf;½Gufukd uyfvkdonfh
ykHpHñSyfNyD; oGm;cRefjzifh tomt,mzdukdufvkdufygu t&nfuav;rsm;pkdYvmvdrfhrnf/ xkdtcgrS vkdtyfonfh ae&mwGif
NrJNrHpGmuyfaevdrfhrnf/ (pm? 53)
3/ acgif;rl;aysmufaq;ESifh ysm;&nf? oHyk&m&nf ...

1. ysm;&nfppfppf a<uZGef; 1.ZGef;
2. a&aEG;ylyl / 1.ZGe;f
3. oHyk&m&nf vufzuf&nfZGef; 1.ZGef;
¤if;okH;rsKd;ukd arTwkdufyg/ acgif;tvGefrl;í roufomolrsm; wpfaeYESpfBudrf? okH;Budrfwkdufygu oufom
aysmufuif;ygvdrfhrnf/ aoG;wkd;aMumifhjzpfap ... avaMumifjzpfaprl;vQifvnf; ... þaq;enf;twkdif; wkdufyg/
tkef;EkdYacgufqGJpm;NyD; acgif;&dyfwdwfwdwfjzpfaeí aq;enf;twkdif;wkduf&m oufomoGm;ygonf .../ (pm? 7)
4/ csKdif;eHYaysmufaq;ESifh xkH;a&Munf ...

csdKif;eHYonf ... csKdif;wGif&Sdaom Apocrine gland tBudwfi,fuav;rsm;rS eHaomtqDxGufjcif;aMumifh
jzpfygonf/ ¤if;tqDukefoGm;&ef a&rSefrSefcsKd;NyD; avQmfzGwfNyD;om; t0wfukd aeYpOfvJay;yg/ a&csKd;onfhtcg csKdif;ukd
qyfjymwkdufNyD; aoaocsmcsmaq;aMumokwfoifyg/ rsufemokwfyk0gESifh pifatmifokwfNyD;vQif ... xkH;&nfMunfukd
csKdif;rSmokwfvdrf;yg/ xkH;&nfMunfqkdonfrSm ... xkH;ukd cGufwpfckxJwGifxnfhNyD; a&aEG;avmif;xnfhí &aom
tay:t&nfMunfjzpfygonf .../ (pm? 8)
5/ acsmif;qkd;yef;emESifh rJZvD½Guf (ayG;ukdif;½Guf)? t&uf ...

ayG;owfonfhrJZvD½GufBuD;rsm;ukd qm;jzifh tenf;i,fyGwfí t&nfn§pf,lyg/ ¤if;t&nfESifh qwl
t&ufa&myg/ ¤if;aq;&nfukd a<uyef;uefwGifxnfhí yGufaeaoma&aEG;ay:wGif aygavmarQmNyD; a&aEG;tkd;tzkH;
ydwfxm;yg/ aq;&nfylaEG;vm&if yef;uefukdxkwfyg/ ,if;aq;&nfukd ... [if;cwfZGef;jzifh tpmrpm;rD eHeufwpfZGef;?
ntdyf&m0ifwpfZGef; wpfaeYESpfBudrfokH;aqmifyg/ pJGuyfaeaom emwm&Snfacsmif;qkd;yef;em? tqkwfa&m*gtwGuf
(15)&ufcefY okH;aqmifcgrQjzifh tjrpfjywfaysmufuif;ygonf .../ (pm? 56)
6/ ajczrkd;a&mif&rf;jcif;ESifh ½Gufusyifayguf ...

½Gufusyifayguft½Gufukd cl;írD;uifyg/ t½GufcyfaEG;aEG;ukd ESrf;qDokwfí a&mifaeaomajczrkd;ay:
wGifuyfyg/ ½Gufao;? ½Guf0kdif;? ½GufBuD;oHk;rsKd;&Sdonfhteuf ½GufBuD;rSm ykdí pGrf;ygonf/ uyfonfhtcg yxrwpf&uf
ESifhyif aysmufoavmuf&Sdí ig;&ufcefYqufuyfaomtcg tm;vkH;aysmufuif;ygonf/ (pm? 6)
25
7/ ajcz0g;tom;rm? uGJtuf? emusifjcif;ESifh qD ...

ajcuGJaomtemrsm;jzpfvQif ajcaxmufukd ESrf;qD? yJqD? tkef;qD? rkefnif;qD ... wpfrsKd;rsKd;jzifh ESHUatmif
vdrf;ay;yg/ uGJaeaomtuGJrsm;twGif; pdrfh0ifatmifvdrf;ay;yg? okH;&ufrQvdrf;rdvQif Murf;wrf;tufuGJaom ajcz0g;
rsm; wjznf;jznf;El;nHHhvmNyD; &ufqufvdrf;vQif aysmufuif;oGm;ygrnf .../
ajcz0g;uJGtufjcif;jzpfyGm;wwfaom &uf? vukdrSwfxm;NyD; ¤if;&ufrwkdifrD BudKwifvdrf;xm;ygu ...
xkdESpftwGuf ajcz0g;uJGawmhrnf r[kwfyg/ trsm;tm;jzifh aqmif;tukef aEGtul;wGif ajcz0g;uJGwwfygonf/
ajcaxmufukd qDvdrf;e,fjcif;onf ukd,fvufMuHhckdif\/ rsufpdMunfvif\/ tdyfí aysmf\/ yifyef;jcif;? ajcemjcif;?
ajca&mifjcif;wkdYukdEkdif\/ (OwkabmZeo*F[usrf;) .../ (pm? 124)
(bk&m;&Sifvufxufawmf umvuwnf;u &Sdaomenf;/)
8/ iSufzsm;a&m*gaysmufaq;enf;? aq;cg;BuD; ...
aq;cg;BuD;wpfyifukd Ekwfí pifMu,fatmifaq;yg/ okH;cGufwpfcGufwif usKdyg/ qm; qD;jzLoD;cefYxnfhí
aomufNyD; avpdrf;rwkduf&ef ydwfjcifaxmifjzifh 10rdepf? 15rdepfcefY tdyfaysmfatmiftdyfyg/ tdyf&mrSEkd;vQif
odompGmoufomvmrnf/ okH;&ufqufwkdufaomufygu tjrpfjywfaysmufuif;ygonf .../ (pm? 9)
9/ iSufzsm;a&m*gESifh *kH;cg; ...

*kH;cg;ukd awmufawmufpOf;yg/ vufzuf&nfMurf;tkd;ü vufzufajcmufcwfouJhokdY *kH;cg;ukd a&aEG;rSm
cwfyg/ vufzuf&nfMurf;aomufouJokdY rMumcP aomufay;yg .../ (pm? 13)
10/ iSufzsm;a&m*gESifh uGrf;½Guf? 'eYfovGef½Guf?aq;½GufBuD; ...

uGrf;½Guf? 'efYovGef½Guf? uGrf;pm;aq;½GufBuD;? qm; ... ¤if;wkdYukd tm;vkH;a&mBudwfNyD; t&nfxGufvm
aomtcg rsufpOf;cwfyg/ aq;enf;twkdif; iSufzsm;wufaepOf rsufpOf;cwf&m ... 10rdepfcefY &Sdaomtcg tzsm;us
oGm;ygonf/ aemufxyfrzsm;awmhyg .../ (pm? 14)
11/ qHyifjzL? qHyifuRwfaysmufaq;? iSufaysm ...

iSufaysmcdkif? iSufaysmvufudk ckwfvkdufaomtcg usvmaom t&nfrsm;udk cGufoefYoefYjzifh cHxm;yg/ ¤if;
t&nfjzifh OD;a&jym;xdatmif acgif;tESHU vdrf;ay;yg/ okH;&ufjynfhrS ... acgif;avQmfyg/ rMumcP vkyfay;jcif;jzifh
qHjzLjcif;? uRwfjcif;? xdyfajymifjcif;rsm; oufomaysmufuif;ygonf .../ (pm? 27)
12/ qD;ausmufwnfa&m*gESifh oHrEdkif? ausmufrEkdif ...

ajrBuD;wGif &Syfaygufavh&dSaom oHrEdkif? ausmufrEdkif (ausmufuGJ½Guf) udk tjrpfyg? ygatmifEIwfyg/
ajrtdk;wGifxnfhí okH;cGufwpfcGufwif? usKdyg/ ¤if;jyKwf&nfudk cP? cPaomufay;jcif;jzifh ESpf&uftwGif; a&m*g
uif;pifygonf/ (pm? 15)
13/ qD;ausmufwnfa&m*gESifh qD;jzLoD;? eEGif;? ysm;&nf ...

qD;jzLoD; (20)usyfom;udk El;atmifjyKwfí taphxkwyf g/ eEGif;rIefYppfppf (10)usyfom;? ysm;&nf (10)
usyfom;? okH;rsKd;oratmif a&marTNyD; wpfaeYvQif vufzuf&nfZGef;? wpfZGef;us pm;okH;yg/ (eEGif;aMumufolrsm;
ysm;&nfudk xdkYxuf ydkxnfhNyD; pm;okH;Ekdifyg\ .../ (pm? 17)
14/ qD;ausmufwnfa&m*gESifh xdu½Hk; ...

xdu½kH;yÍöig;yg;udk a&ESifhjyKwfNyD; a&aEG;uJhodkY ... aomufokH;rSD0Jyg .../ (pm? 18)
(qD;usdwfa&mifjzpfaevQif xdu½Hk;raomufygeJY/ om*'dk;? plvmezm (3)? pm? 76)
26
15/ qD;csKdaysmufaq; ... uif;ykH½Guf ...

uif;ykH½GufowåK&nfudk a<uZGef;BuD;ESpfZGef;? wpfaeYokH;Budrf wkdufyg/ tifqlvifxkd;onfhwkdifatmif qD;csKdEIef;
avsmhusrIenf;yg;olrsm; aq;enf;twdkif; wkdufNyD; ppfaq;Munfhygu csufcsif; qD;csKdEIef; usoGm;onfudk
awGU&ygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 28)
16/ wdkufzGdKuf (tla&mifief;zsm;) a&m*gESifh yJ&mZm (ac:) yJeDav; ...

yJ&mZm (ac:) yJeDav; EdkYqDAl; av;ykH? okH;ykHcefYudk a&EdkYqDAl;wpfvkH;cGJcefYESifh jyKwfyg/ qlyGufvmvQif
rD;zkdacsmifokH;eEGif;rIefY [if;pm;ZGef;? wpfZGef;tjynfhxnfhyg/ yJqHrsm;yGí El;vmvQif tzwft&nftm;vkH;pm;yg/
wpfaeYwpfBudrf okH;&ufqufwkdufpm;vQif aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 30)
17/ ZufaMumwufa&m*gESifh a&SmufoD; ...

a&SmufoD;wpfvkH;udk tv,fwnfhwnfhcGJí t&nfrsm; n§pf,lyg/ ¤if;aemuf taph? tcGH? t&nf? okH;rsKd;vkH; udk
a<uu&m; (odkY) a<u&nfokwfZvkHxJ xnfhyg/ yGufyGufqal eaom a&aEG;tjzL a<uu&m;wpfvkH;ESifh qm;oifh½kH
xnfhyg/ at;aomtcg eHeufwpfBudrf? nwpfBudrf tdyf&m0if oifh½kHaomufyg .../
wpfywftwGif; odompGm aysmufuif;ygonf/ t0vGefolrsm; tNrJaomufygu aemufaMum? ZufaMum
rwufjcif;? tarmcHEdkifjcif;? xdckduf&Semrsm; tusufjrefjcif;ESifh udk,fcE¨m ayghyg;oGufvufjcif;wdkY jzpfapygonf .../ (pm?
51)
18/ wif;wdyfESifh tkef;rIwfcGH ...

oefY&Sif;aomtkef;rIwfcGHudk oefY&Sif;onfh ausmufysOfwGif a&tpm; oHyk&m&nfjzifh aoG;yg/ rsufESmudk
pifMu,fpGmopfNyD; oeyfcg;vdrf;ouJhodkY vdrf;yg/ ta&mif0gveG f;ojzifh ntdyf&m0ifrS vdrf;yg/ pyfaomfvnf; wpfvcefY
vdrf;ay;jcif;jzifh vufawGU aysmufuif;Muygonf .../ (pm? 104)
19/ wif;wdyfESihf 'EÅokc ...

'EÅokct½Gufpdrf;&nfESifh (owåK&nfESifh) oeyfcg;&nfaoG;NyD;om; wpfusyfom;pDcefYudk pyfazsmfNyD;
ntdyf&m0ifwkdif; vdrf;ay;yg/ pdwf&SnfpGmvdrf;ay;ygu rMumcif aysmufuif;NyD; vSyvmygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 105)
20/ wkyfauG;aysmufaq;? uGrf;½GufESifhtjcm; ...

vwfqwfaomuGrf;½GufBuD; ESpf½Guf? csif;tpkd ig;rl;aphcefY t&G,ftpm; txltyg;&dSaom tjym;0dkif; 1ck?
av;n§if;yGifh 1yGifh? xef;vsuf 2cJ a<u&nfokwfrwfcGufwGif ¤if;av;rsKd;ESifh a&EkdYqDAl;? wpfAl;cefY xnfhí
a&wpf0ufcefY crf;oGm;onftxd jyKwfyg/ ¤if;aq;&nfylyludk rIwfaomufygu acR;pdkYvmNyD; ayghyg;oGm;ygvdrfhrnf .../
(pm? 31)
21/ xdckduf? yGef;yJh'Pf&mrsm;ESifh &cdkifiSufaysmoD; ...

vufudk pifatmifaq;í &cdkifiSufaysmoD;trSnfhudk tcGHETmNyD; a<uyef;uefjym;wGif xnfhe,fyg/ ¤if;aemuf
tem0ay:rSm tkHxnfhí t0wfoefYoefYESifh pnf;xm;yg/ iSufaysmoD;ajcmufvQif wpfzefxyftkHay;jcif;jzifh wpfywf
twGif; odompGmaysmufuif;NyD; tem&if;jcif;? temjynfw,fjcif; vkH;0rjzpfyg .../ (pm? 148)
22/ xdckduf&SemESifh uGrf;pm;xkH; ...

uGrf;pm;xkH;udk vufjzifhaumf,lí xdcdkufuGJ&SoGm;onfh 'Pf&may:wGif vkHvkHjcHKjcHKtkHay;NyD; ywfwD;
pnf;xm;yg/ xkH;tkHonfhMum;rS wpfcgwpfcgaoG;rsm; pdrfhxGufaeao;vQif xyfrHxGufrvmawmhonftxd xHk;udk
tBudrfBudrftkHay;yg/ 'Pf&mae&mudkawmh a&rxdatmif owdxm;yg/ xHk;tHkonfESifh csufcsif;oufomNyD;
27
&uftenf;i,ftwGif; tom;Ekwufum 'Pf&maysmufuif;ygonf/ (pm? 32)
23/ xdyfcwfemESifh r½dk;yifîjzLBuD;yif ...

(1) jrefrmEkdifiH\ acsmif;urf;ab;? &xm;vrf;wpfavQmuf v,fuefoif;½dk;pyfwdkYü tavhusaygufaom ]]r½dk;}}
[laom tyif&dSonf/ yifpnf? tudkif;tcuf? t½Guf? tyGifhtm;vkH; aiGa&mifvkdjzLaeojzifh ]]ijzLBuD;}} [kvnf;
ac:Muonf/ xkdr½dk;yifrS t½Gufudk yg;yg;vSD;í tajcmufvSef;yg/ cyfaoGUaoGUjzpfvQif aq;vdyfuJhodkY vdyfaomufyg/
&SL½Idufvkdufaomtcg aq;aiGUudk ESmacgif;rS jznf;jznf;csif;xkwfyg/ a&m*gcHpm;ae&pOf rQpfcsOf? trJom;? ig;aowåm
ponfh wufpmrsm;udk a&Smifyg .../ (pm? 36)
(2) r½kd; ac: ijzLBuD;½Gufudk cl;NyD; tarG;rsm;yg vufjzifhyGwfacsNyD; ½Iay;yg/ ESmacgif;xJrS ykyfapmfeHa&m*g
pGJuyfojzifh q&m0efjy&m ESmacgif;udkazmufNyD; zef&nfaq;ay;ygonf/ aq;pm;aomfvnf; aysmufuif;rI r&Sdojzifh
þaq;enf;twdkif;vkyf&m ESmacsNyD; ESmacgif;xJrS t0gcJBuD; (4)cJ xGufusvmNyD;aemuf ESmacgif;tykyfeHYrSm vkH;0
aysmufuif;oGm;ygonf/ (pm? 38)
24/ 'lvm? rD;,yfa&m*gESifh ausmufz½kHoD;? xef;vsuf ...

ausmufz½kHoD;&ifh&ifh wpfvkH;udk tn§mywfvnfrS tcGHom;twGif;om; rysufap&ef "m;yg;yg;? cRefcRefjzifh
ESpfvufrcefY tcsif;jyK taygufazmufyg/ taphtdrftlrsm;udk 0g;acsmif;oefYoefYjzifh xdk;í aumfxkwfvQif twGif;om;ESihf
tacgif;om usefvdrfhrnf/ xef;zdkxef;vsuftrIefYjzpfap? tcJvkdufjzpfap twGif;wGif tjynfhtodyf xnfhNyD;
tn§mtzkH;udk jyefydwfyg/
&THUESifh t0wfuyfjcif;? ESpfxyfcefY aZmfrHNyD; vkHatmifydwfyg/ ¤if;aemufausmufz½kHoD;udk a'gifvdkuf
pyg;awmif;xJüjzpfap? aumuf½dk;ykHxJüjzpfap ckESpf&ufcefYxm;yg/ ausmufz½kHoD;udk prf;MunfhvQif tcGHom;
aysmhoGm;NyD; xef;vsufESifh ausmufz½kHoD;tom; "mwfjyKí uaZmfazmufaq; jzpfoGm;ygvdrfhrnf/
xdkaemuf ZvkHBuD;BuD; cHí ausmufz½kHoD;udk aoaooyfoyfcGJNyD; ZGef;ESifh tom;awGudk jcpfxkwfyg/ arTav
tjr§KyfwpDpDESifh t&nf&Trf;&Trf;aq;udk &ygonf/ aq;&nfudk wpf&uf? ESpf&ufcefY aevSrf;NyD; arTaESmufí avvkHaom
zefykvif;wGif xnfhxm;yg/ eHeufwpfZGef;? nwpfZGef; pm;ygu aoG;qkH;cgeD; trsKd;orD;rsm; ausmufz½kHoD;wpfvkH;jzifh
rD;,yfaoG;qkH;emudk umuG,fEdkifygonf/ (pm? 73)
þaq;enf;ESifh qifwlaom aq;enf;udk þpmtkyf\ pmrsufESm (151)wGif avhvmMunfhyg/
25/ 'lvm? rD;,yfESifh MuufoGefeD? xef;vsuf? refusnf;oD;rSnfh ...

MuufoGefeD 1usyfom;? xef;zdkxef;vsuf 1usyfom;? refusnf;oD;rSnfh 1usyfom;? qm; 5rl;om;?ESrf;qD
1rwfom;wdkYudk a&mawyg/ ZD;oD; (qD;oD;) vkH; r&dSw&dScefY aeYpOfpm;ay;yg/ tanmif;tnm? udk,fvufEHk;csd?
rsufpdrIeftaygif;? 'lvmaygif; &Spfaomif;av;axmifaysmufygonf/ touf (18)ESpf rSpírsufpda0'em cHvm&ojzifh
okH;pGJvmcJh&m touf (79)ESpftxd rsufrSefraqmif&bJ pma&;pmzwfEdkifonf/ tyfudkyif tyfcsnfxdk; Edkifygonf/ (pm?
75)
26/ 'l;acgif;ESihf tqpftjrpfudkufESifh wrmaphtajcmuf ...

wrm;aphtajcmuf (tcGHryg&yg) rsm;udk aMunufatmifxkaxmif;NyD; emusOf? udkufcJ? a&mif&rf;aeaom
'l;acgif;ESifh tqpftjrpfae&mrsm;udk cyfxlxltkHay;yg/ aq;rsm; uGmrusoGm;atmif ywfwD;pnf;ay;yg/ wpfaeY 2Mudrf
jyKvkyfay;yg/ txl;ojzifh ntdyf&m0ifwGifjyKvkyfygu ydkaumif;ygonf/ &ufrMumcif aysmufuif;csrf;omyg vdrfhrnf/
(pm? 39)
27/ em;ydk;aumif0ifESifh qm;&nfMunf ...

rD;zdkacsmifokH;qm;pdrf;udk refusnf;aphcefY yef;uefvkH;oefYoefYwGif a&oefYoefYjzifh azsmfyg/ qm;aMunufonf
28
txd vufacsmif;oefYoefYjzifh arTaESmufNyD;aemuf acwåpdrfNyD;&&dSonfh qm;&nfMunfudk ydk;aumif0ifaomem;xJodkY

jynfhatmifavmif;xnfhyg/ em;twGif;odkY yk½Gufqdwf ponfhydk;aumifrsm;0ifvQif qm;&nfMunfcyfygu ydk;aumif
qm;&nfMunfay:odkY wufvmNyD; puúefYydkif;twGif; aysmufuif;ygonf/ (pm? 44)
28/ em;jynf,dkemESifh [if;*vm½Guf ...

[if;*vm½GufowåK&nfudk 0g*Grf;wGif qGwfí em;wGifodyfay;yg/ pyfygonf/ESpf&uf? okH;&uftwGif; temaz;
uGmusNyD; aysmufuif;csrf;omygonf/ (pm? 44)
29/ em;tl? em;avxGufESifh aMumifvQmoD;? aMumifvQm½Guf ...

aMumifvQmoD;? aMumifvQm½Gufudk rD;zkwfNyD; ig;yd&nfEiS fh wdkYpm;yg/ em;tl? em;udkuf? em;avxGuf? em;tkHem?
em;jynf,dkwdkYudk av;cgcefYpm;vQif aysmufygonf/ (pm? 43)
30/ aemufaMumwufjcif;ESifh &Sdef;cdk? xef;vsuf ...

&Sdef;cdk refusnf;aphcefYudk a&ESifh usKdufcsyg/ ¤if;aemuf xef;vsufwpfvkH;pm;NyD; a&aomufyg/ eHeufwpfBudrf?
naewpfBudrfpm;yg/ rdrda&m*gtajctaeudk okH;oyfí aeYvnfwpfBudrf xyfpm;Ekdifygonf/ (pm? 51)
31/ ESvkH;aoG;aMumusOf;jcif;ESifh oHyk&moD; ...

vwfqwfaom oHyk&moD;wpfvkH;udk "m;oefYoefYjzifh uefYvefYydkif;jzwfyg/ rwfcGufwpfckwGif wpfjcrf;pDvSefí
xnfhyg/ a&aEG;usufusufql avmif;xnfhNyD;vQif csufcsif;tzkH;ESifh vkHatmif tkyfxm;yg/ at;aomtcg aomufokH;yg/
aysmufuif;onftxd twefMum qufvufaomufokH;ay;yg/ (pm? 45)
32/ ESmacgif;ydwfa&m*gESifh MuufoGefjzL ...

MuufoGefjzLrBuD;rao; (3)Oudk eHeuftdyf&mxwdkif;0g;í rsKdcsyg/ ESmacgif;ydwfa&m*gudk (25)ESpfausmf cHpm;cJh&m
nydkif;wGif ESpfBudrfru ESmacgif;aq;xnfhrS tdyf&ygonf/ ,cktcg ESmacgif;aq; rokH;&onfrSm (5)ESpfausmfygNyD/ (pm?
42)
33/ ESmacgif;aoG;,dkESifh oabmFoD;? oMum; ...

oabmFoD;rSnfhESifh oMum;a&mpyfNyD; ckESpf&ufcefYwpf0pm;yg/ aEG? rdk;? aqmif;okH;&moDvkH;
ESmacgif;aoG;,dka&m*grSm rkcsaysmufuif;ygonf/ (pm? 40)
34/ yef;em&ifusyf? azma&mifjcif;ESifh yJpif;ikH ...

yJpOf;ikHaphtvkH; (cGJjcrf;r[kwf) EdkYqDAl;wpfvkH; (odkY) wpf0ufudk a&jzifhEl;aeatmif jyKwfyg/ yJEl;vQif
jyKwf&nfudk yef;uefwpfvkH;jzifh iSJU,lxm;í jyKwfNyD;om; yJpOf;ikHudk MuufoGeftjzL? teD qDowfíaMumfyg/ ¤if;
yJpOf;ikHqDowfxJodkY yJjyKwf&nfESifh a&aEG;toifhtwifhavmif;xnfhyg/ cPMumvQif rD;zdkay:rScsí pm;okH;Edkifygonf/
wpfvcefYpm;vQif azma&mifjcif; tjrpfjywfaysmufuif;í okH;vcefYpm;vQif yef;em&ifusyfaysmufygonf/ (pm? 55)
35/ yef;em&ifusyfESifh a&Smuf? t&uf? ysm;&nf ...

a&Smuf&nf? t&ufOD;&nf? ysm;av;&nfwkdYudk qwla&mpyfyg/
ZGef;av;wpfZGef; wpfaeYESpfBudrfaomufyg/ (pm? 57)
36/ ayG;? ,m;emESihf ydEJétap; ...

ayG;? ,m;emudk oefYpifyg/ ydEJétn§mrS xGufvmaom (EdkYESpfa&mif) tap;rsm;udk ydEJé½GuftacsmbufwGif
29
wdkY,lxm;yg/ ¤if;ydEJé½Gufjzifh ayG;? ,m;emtm; uyfvdkuf? cGmvdkufjzifh tBudrfBudrfjyKvkyfyg/ ydEJéap;ukefcrf;í uyfEdkifpGrf;

avsmhvmvQif aemuftopfwpf½Guf,lí uyfyg/ ydEJé½Gufay:wGif ,m;emrS temzwfuav;rsm; uyfygvmvdrfhrnf/
tBudrfBudrfvkyfjcif;jzifh ,m;emrS aoG;pkdYvmvQif &yfwHhyg/ ¤if;aemuf a&ESifhaq;aMumí oeyfcg;tkHxm;yg/ ESpf&uf?
okH;&ufcefYjyKvkyfvQif ,m;emaysmufuif;oGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ (pm? 59)
37/ zaESmifh½dk;twufxGufjcif;ESifh qm;? uGrf;½Guf ...

nrtdyfcif a&csKd;cef;orHwvif;ay:wGif qm;ykHNyD; emonfhzaESmifhudk eif;ay;? yGwfay;/ q,frdepfcefY
eif;NyD;vQif 'l;acgif;tay:rS a& av;? ig;? q,fcGufavmif;ay;yg/ NyD;vQif ajcaxmufudk t0wfjzifhokwfyg/ NyD;u
emaeaomae&mwGif uGrf;½Gufudkpifatmifaq;NyD; uyfvkdufyg/ tdyfaysmfaomtcg uGrf;½GufuGmoGm;Edkifojzifh
ywfwD;pnf;xm;vQif ydkíaumif;onf/
eHeufEdk;vQif OD;qkH; 'l;acgif;tay:rS a& av;? ig;? q,fcGuf avmif;csyg/ ¤if;enf;jzifh oufomvm aomfvnf;
raysmufEdkifí zaemifhudkprf;Munfh&m twufxGufonfrSm okH;ae&mjzpfaMumif;awGU&í ae&mESHUatmifjyK vkyfay;&m
,ck vkH;0aumif;oGm;ygNyD/ (pm? 61)
aemufwpfenf;rSm oHjym;udk ylatmifrD;zkwfNyD;aemuf qm;ykHNyD; oHjym;ylqm;ykH tv,fwnfhwnfhay:odkY
zaemifhESifh omomeif;NyD;aemuf wjznf;jznf;zdeif;yg/ tyl&Sdef&Sdaeaom qm;ykHay:odkY twufxGufaeaom zaemifhudk
wifí zdwifvkduf? cGmvkdufjzifh eHeufESifh n ESpfBudrf (15)rdepfcefYpD jyKvkyfay;yg/ (pm? 62)
38/ rD;,yfjzLqif;jcif;ESifh zvHawmifa0S;yif ...

zvHawmifa0S;yifyÍöig;yg;udk yg;yg;vSD;NyD; aevSef;yg/ ajcmufaoGUvQif trIefYaxmif;yg/ zvHawmifa0S;rIefY
30om;udk oMum; 60om;ESifh,dkxkd;yg/ eHeuf? aeYvnf? n ... uGrf;oD;wpfjcrf;cefY rSefrSefpm;ygu rD;,yftjzLqif;
a&m*g 'd|aysmufuif;ygonf/ (pm? 69)
39/ rD;,yfaoG;qkH;ESifh &Sm;apmif;vufyyfcsufaq; ...

&Sm;apmif;vufyyf 50om;? xef;vsuf 50om;? refusnf;oD;rSnfh 25usyfom; ...¤if;okH;rsKd;udk t"du xm;í
csufyg/ tkef;oD;wpfvkH;xnfhusKdvQiftkef;wpfvkH;csufaq;jzpfrnf/ qD ig;rwfom;? prkHrsKd;ig;yg;? &SOfhrwufO 5usyfom;?
ESrf;avSmfEdkYqDAl; 1Al;? zD;Murf;iSufaysm 5vkH;xnfhNyD; usKdEkdifonf/ "mwfcsKyfvQif oabmFrJZvDt½Guf (odkY) tyGifh
tenf;i,fxnfh usKdEdkifonf/ wpfBudrfvQif [if;pm;ZGef;wpfZGef; wpfaeY oHk;Budrfpm;ygu touf 40ausmf
trsKd;orD;rsm;wGif jzpfwwfaoma&m*grsm; aysmufuif;apygonf/ (pm? 71)
40/ rsufpdpGefaysmufenf;? ajcz0g;qm;yGwf ...

a&csKd;cgeD; ajcz0g;udk a&qGwfyg/ qm;ESifhESpfzufvkH;yGwfyg/ ESpfrdepfcefYxm;yg/ atmufajc ajcaxmufrSpí
a&avmif;&if; udk,ftxufykdif;udk wjznf;jznf;a& av;? ig;cGufavmifNyD;csKd;yg/ rMumcP rsufpdpGefwwfí
ukocHonfhtwdkif; Ointment aq;xnfhay;aomfvnf; wpfvkH;NyD;wpfvkH; xGufaeygonf/ aemufykdif;wGif ,ckenf;
twdkif;vkyf&m nmbufwGif ajcz0g;rS tckd;xGufvmonfrSm rD;cJESifxkd;xm;ouJhokdY ylí (ajcz0g;) udk ,yfcwfay;cJh
&zl;ygonf/ qm;yGwfjcif; wpfcgwnf;ESifhyif ,aeYxd ESpf (30)ausmfatmif rsufpdrpGefawmhyg/ (pm? 65)
41/ rsufpd,m;jcif;ESifh qm;Muyfxkyf ...

a&udk a&aEG;tkd;oefYoefYwGif qlatmifwnfyg/ a&aEG;tdk;tzkH;udk a&pifatmifaq;yg/ tdrfokH;qm; oefYoefYudk
ESpfa&G;om;cefY t0wfoefYoefYESifhxkwfNyD; a&aEG;tkd;tzkH;ay:wGif ylatmifuyfyg/ xdkYaemuf ESmacgif;teD;
rsufpdaxmifhudk uyfay;yg/ 10rdepf? 15rdepfMumatmifuyfNyD; rsufpd,m;jcif;aysmufvQif &yfyg/ jyef,m;vmvQif
txufygenf;twkdif; jyefvkyfyg/ (pm? 64)
30
42/ a&aEG;ylavmifjcif;ESifh oGm;wkdufaq; ...

cGufwpfvkH;xJ a&at;at;xnfhNyD; a&aEG;ylavmifonhfvufudk pdrfxm;yg/ 15rdepfwpfcgcefY a&at;
vJay;yg/ ESpfem&DcefYpdrfNyD;vQif a&ajcmufatmif (jznf;nif;pGm) okwfí oGm;wkdufaq; vl;ay;xm;yg/ eEGif;rxdrdap
&ef *½kpkdufyg/ (pm? 32)
43/ a&zsOf;a&m*g ...

(1) ajrZl (ac:) av;em&Dyef;onf teD? t0g? tjzL (3)a&mif&dSonf/ t½Guf0dkif;í yef;yGifhrSm avmfpyDumESifh
wpfax&mwnf;wlonf/ tyif\tjrpfwGif uefpGef;Ovkd OrsKd;&Sdonf/ ¤if;Oudk ,lí tcGHcGm? a&pifatmifaq;NyD; jymjzifh
wpfnodyfyg/ aemufaeYwGif jympifatmifaq;í OudkckwfxpfNyD; a& okH;ydómjzifh okH;cGufwpfcGufwif usKdyg/
&&SdaomjyKwf&nfudk tat;cHNyD; ajrtdk;xJxnfhyg/ a&qmonfhtcgwdkif; aeYpOfrjywf (17)&uf qufaomufyg/
tiefESifh tqDudkwpfva&SmifNyD; oHyk&m? a&Smuf? vdar®mf&nfrsm;udk aomufay;yg/ a&zsOf;ESifh azma&mifa&m*gaysmuf\/
(pm? 78)
(2) aemufwpfenf;rSm ...
(1) zGm;buf½Guf (ac:) ik0g½Guf ... 25 usyfom;
(2) oabmFrJZvD (ac:) ayG;udkif;½Guf ... 25 usyfom;
(3) ouf&if;Bu;D ½Guf ... 25 usyof m;
(4) refusnf;oD;rSnfh ... 25 usyfom;
(5) xef;vsufppfppf ... 25 usyfom;
zGm;buf½Guf? rJZvD½Guf? ouf&if;BuD;½GufwdkYudk aq;tcsdefrSefatmif 25usyfom;pD cl;aomtcg
aq;tcsdefrSefatmif reufcl;vQif wpfreufwnf;? naecl;vQif wpfnaewnf; tNyD;cl;&rnf/ xdkYaemuf
a&pifatmifaq; ajrtdk;xJxnfhNyD; a&okH;ydómESifh usKdyg/
okH;cGufwpfcGufwifusefvQif csí t&nfppfNyD; tat;cHyg/ pç usKdonfhtcsdefwGif xef;vsufESifh
refusnf;oD;udk a&epf½kH pdrfxm;yg/ okH;cGufwpfcGufwifcsí at;vQif xef;vsufESifh refusnf;oD;pdrfonfha&udk rppfbJ
xnfharTyg/
okH;&uftwGif; wwfEdkifoavmufaomufyg/ rJZvD½Gufonf tqdyfjzpfwwfojzifh okH;&ufausmfvQif oGefypfí
topfusKdaomufyg/ aq;aomufaepOf BPI qD;aq;udk ESpf&ufwpfBudrfxdk;yg/ okH;av;BudrfaomufvQif
a&m*gaysmufonf/ (pm? 80)
44/ a&,kefESifh csuft&uf ...

(1) 0g*Grf;udk csuft&ufjyif;jyif;xJodkY ESpfNyD; a&,keftemay: rMumcPvdrf;ay;yg/ eHeufykdif;pvdrf;vQif naeydkif;
ododomomtemajcmufNyD; oufomaysmufuif;oGm;ygrnf/ ESpf&ufcefY qufvdrf;vQif a&,keftemrsm;
aysmufuif;oGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ (pm? 82)
(2) aemufwpfenf;rSm ... uif;ykH½Gufudknufatmifaxmif;í a&,kefay:wGif vdrf;yg/ ausmwpfjyifvkH; aygufygu
uif;ykH½Guf? t½Guf (30)avmufudk nufatmifaxmif;NyD; OD;a&n§pf,lyg/ xdkYaemuf tzwfwGif usefaom t&nfudk
xyfn§pf,lí ESpfrsKd;pvkH;a&mNyD; ausmay:wGif vdrf;ay;yg/ NyD;vQif t0wfyg;yg;tkyfxm;yg/ OD;a&udk rMumcP xnfhyg/
ig;&ufwdwdjyKpkygu a&,kefaysmufoGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ aeYpOfaeYwkdif; vwfqwfaomuif;ykH½Guf jzpf&rnf/ (pm? 82)
45/ avief;? avjzwfaysmufaq;enf; ...

(1) y½kwf? Z0ufom? vufcsm;? uefY? ausmufcsOf ... ¤if;aq;ig;yg;udk &SpfyJom;pDpkNyD; aygif'gom;usatmif
trIefYjyKyg/ a&SmuftcGHtcdk;? vdar®mfcGHtcdk;wdkYudk rsm;rsm;n§pfxnfhNyD; avvkHykvif;wGifxm;yg/ ¤if;udk t&uf? a&Smuf&nf
&&mjzifh avief;jzpfaom vufajcwkdYudk wpfaeYEpS fBudrf? okH;Budrfvdrf;ay;yg/ (pm? 86)
(2) aq;ykvJjrpfudk a&ESifhcyfyspfyspfaoG;yg/ [if;pm;ZGef;ESpfZGef;udk oHyk&m&nf rsm;rsm;xnfhí wpfaeYokH;Budrf
31
wdkufyg/ (okdYr[kwf) aq;ykvJjrpftrIefYjzpfvQif uGrf;oD;wpfjcrf;t&G,fcefYudk oHyk&m&nfrsm;rsm;jzifh wkdufyg/

vdrf;aq;rSm a&Smuf&nf? "mwfqD? rdóvif? t&ufwkdYudk qwla&mí y½kwftenf;i,fxnfhNyD; vdrf;ay;yg/ (pm? 87)
46/ avema&m*gESifh qm;rD;zkwf? eEGif;rIefY ...

qm;udk ajrtdk;ao;ao;av;wGifxnfhNyD; pavmif;zkH;udk yufvufzkH;íeef;BudK;jzifhwkyfyg/ ¤if;ajrtdk;udk rD;zdkxJ
wGif arSmufízkwfyg/ qm;xJodkY jymrsm; r0ifap&efjzpfonf/ aeYpOfcsufaeusrD;zdkxJwGif xnfhzkwfxm;NyD; wpfywfcefY
MumrS azmfí &aomqm;udkjyefaxmif;yg/
qm;udk ykvif;xJxnfhxm;NyD; ¤if;qm; refusnf;aphcefY? eEGif;refusnf;aphcefYudk eHeuftdyf&mxxcsif;
a&t0ESifh aomufyg/ avemonfjzpfap? remonfjzpfap wpfvwdwd yHkrSefaomufoGm;ygu avema&m*g
tjrpfjywfygonf/ (pm? 91)
47/ aoG;wkd;? ausmufuyf? ESvkH;aoG;aMumusOf;ESifh avmufao½Guf ...

avmufao½Gufudk aeylwGifrvSef;bJ t&dyfwGif ajcmufatmifvSef;yg/ vufzufajcmufuJhodkY a&aEG;qlqlwGif
xnfhaomufyg/ aoG;wkd;? ausmufuyf? ESvkH;aoG;aMumusOf;? acgif;xdk;? acgif;udkufponfha&m*grsm;
aysmufuif;Edkifygonf/ (pm? 77)
48/ iSufzsm;ESifh avmufao½Guf ...

avmufao½Gufudk iSufzsm;xwdkif; csifhcsdef? csdefqí pm;okH;Edkifygonf/ tenf;i,frl;a0aomf aq;½Gufowåd
jyjcif;jzpfojzifhxef;zdkxef;vsufpm;ay;yguoufomygonf/ okH;vcefYpm;aomfiSufzsm;a&m*gtjrpfjywfygonf/(pm? 77)
49/ 0Jajcmuf? ,m;emESifh oyGwfcg;oD;? Muuf[if;cg;½Guf ...

oyGwfcg;oD;udk aysmh½kHjyKwfNyD; a&rcsKd;rD wpfudk,fvkH;wdkufyg/ te&Sdaomae&mrsm;udk rMumcPwdkufay;yg/
a&csKd;onfjzpfap? rcsKd;onfjzpfap vufajcwdkYwGif qdkygu wdkufí &ygonf/ oyGwfcg;oD;r&ygu Muuf[if;cg;
owåK&nfjzifh tem&dSaom ae&mrsm;udk wkdufay;yg/ Muuf[if;cg;½GufudkjyKwfí a&csKd;yg/ oyGwfcg;oD;u
ydkaumif;ygonf/
txl;owdjyK&efrSm tvkyfoGm;&olrsm;jzpfygu xdkjyKw&f nfrsm;udkcsKd;NyD; csufcsif; Muyfwnf;aomt0wfrsm;?
"mwkypönf;jzifhjyKvkyfaom t0wfrsm; r0wf&yg/ jyKwf&nfrsm;onf udk,fxJ&dStyludk qGJxkwfNyD; ydk;udk aoapygonf/
azmfjyyg t0wfrsm;0wfygu tylrsm;udk jyef½dkufoGif;ouJhodkY jzpfNyD; aoG;aygifcsdefuswwfygonf/
taumif;qkH;rSm ½kH;ydwf&uf (odkYr[kwf) ½kH;jyefcsdefwGif a&csKd;yg/ xdkYaemuf csnfxnft0wftpm;yGyGudkom
0wfyg/ a&Smif&ef ... ig;oavmuf? ig;z,f? trJom;? ykZGef? rQpf? i½kwfoD;? tkef;oD;? t&uf? oH"mwfygaom
tm;aq;rsm;? wGif;awmifrSxkwfaoma&nd§tm;aq;? tvGefarT;aom qyfjymrsm; .../ (pm? 99)
50/ 0JESif;clajcmufESifh wrm? uGrf;½Guf ...

enf;(1)/ wrmyifrS tacgufESifh t½Gufudk tdk;ESihf jyKwfyg/ ESif;clae&mudk reufwpfBudrf? nwpfBudrf aeYpOfrysuf
qufwdkuf Muyfxkyfxdk;ay;yg/ tylcHEdkifoavmuf Muyfxkyfpwifxdk;onhfaeYrSpí ,m;,HrIvkH;0rjzpfawmhbJ
wpfvausmf&Sdaomtcg a&m*gvkH;0aysmufuif;oGm;ygonf/
enf;(2)/ wrmacgufESifh t½Gufudk ajrtdk;wGifxnfhNyD; a&xnfhjyKwfyg/ NyD;iSufaysm½GufzkH;tkyfí qm;MuyfxkyfESifh
vnf;aumif;? ½dk;½dk;MuyfxkyfESihfvnf;aumif; wpfvSnfhpDxdk;ay;yg/ tyl&dSefavQmhoGm;onfhtcg tdk;zkH;xm;aom
iSufaysm½Gufudkazmufí ESif;clemudk rIdif;cHNyD;aemuf ¤if;jyKwf&nfudk temay:odkYavmif;csaq;aMumyg/ 15&ufwdwd
vkyf? ESpfywfcefYem;/ wpfzefjyefvkyf/ Budrfzefrsm;pGm jyKvkyfcJhojzifh ,ckvkH;0 aysmufuif;oGm;ygNyD/ (pm? 94)
enf;(3)/ vwfqwfaom uGrf;½Gufpdrf;vufESifh temjzpf&mae&mudk oefYpifatmifaq;aMumyg/ uGrf;½Gufpdrf;udk
t&nfxGufatmif acsrGí ,if;uGrf;½Gufjzifh temudk zdwdkufí yGwfwdkufay;yg/ (aoG;xGufatmif ryGwfwdkufygESifh/)
32
ajcmufaoGUonftxd okwfoifjcif;rjyKbJxm;yg/ cPtMum rlvtwdkif;jyefjzpfygonf/ &uftwefMumaomtcg

wjznf;jznf;ajcmufaoGUaysmufuif;oGm;ygonf .../ (pm? 95)
(jrif;cGm½Gufjzifhvnf; yGwfwdkufEdkifygonf .../)
51/ 0JESif;cltpdkESifh qD;jzLoD;? 'kw¬m ...
enf;(1)/ qD;jzLoD;tajcmufudk jymcsíaxmif;yg/ NyD;aemuf trIefYudkppfyg/ tdrfokH;a&eHacs;ESifh azsmfvdrf;yg/
vdrf;aomae&mtukef tzwfrsm;uGmusí aysmufuif;oGm;ygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 96)
enf;(2)/ 'kw¬mudk yGvm½kH rD;zkwfyg/ (jymcs&ef r[kwfyg/) yGvmygu trIefYBudwfNyD; a&eHacs;jzifh oifhwifhatmif
arTyg/ temudk pifMu,fatmifaq;NyD; wpfaeYwpfBudrfvdrf;ay;yg/ pyfNyD; tcH&cufygonf/ rMumrD temrS pD;yspfyspf
t&nfrsm;xGufí pD;usvmvQif oefY&Sif;aom t0wfpjzifh okwfay;yg/ xdkuJhokdYjzpfygu a&m*g rkcsaysmufuif;
awmhrnfjzpfNyD; q,f&ufxufydkrvdrf;&bJ aysmufuif;ygonf/ (pm? 97)
52/ 0ufjcHaysmufaq;enf;rsm; ...

enf;(1)/ 0ufjcHay:odkY xkH;wkdYay;yg/
enf;(2)/ xif;½l;jrpfudk xkH;ESifhaoG;NyD; tkHay;yg/
enf;(3)/ tayG;tacgufukefNyD;aom oeyfcg;wkH;udkaoG;NyD; ntdyf&m0ifwkdif;vl;ay;yg/
enf;(4)/ w½kwfpum;tjzLyGifhtyif\ tjrpfudkaoG;í eHeuf? aeY? n (3)cg vdrf;? pyfonf/ (pm? 102)
53/ 0rf;udkufa&m*gaysmufaq;enf;rsm; ...

enf;(1)/ xm;0,frIdif;yiftñGefYrsm;udk cl;í a&aq;yg/ ¤if;aemuf a&aEG;azsmNyD; MuufoGefeD? MuufoGefjzLwdkYjzifh
ESrf;avSmfudkxnfh? qDarTowfí okyfNyD; t0pm;yg/ 0rf;udkufa&m*gtjyif;txefcHpm;ae&pOf aq;enf;twdkif;
yef;uefjym;jzifhtjynfh xrif;vGwfpm;cJh&m 0rf;udkufa&m*g &Sif;&Sif;aysmufNyD; ESpfaygif; (50)ausmfonftxd
jyefray:vmawmhyg/ (pm? 106)
enf;(2)/ a*G;oD;wpfvkH;? xef;vsufwpfcJudk a*G;oD;wpfudkuf? xef;vsufwpfudkufpm;yg/ xef;zdkxef;vsufqdkvQif
ydkaumif;ygonf/ 0rf;udkufa&m*g csufcsif;aysmufygonf/ (pm? 107)
enf;(3)/ jrif;cGm½Gufudk xkaxmif;í &&dSaomowåK&nfpm;yGJZGef; (2)ZGef;cefYudk oMum;oifh½kH a&mNyD;
wpfaeYokH;Budrfaomufyg/ wpf&ufaomuf½kHjzifh 0rf;udkufa&m*gaysmufuif;ygonf/ (pm? 108)
54/ 0rf;rSef0rf;EIwfaq; ...

oabmFrJZvD (ayG;udkif;) t0ga&miftzl;av;rsm;udk cl;NyD; yGifhzwfa>caevSef;yg/ ajcmufvQiftrIefYBudwfNyD;
a&Smuf&nf? qm;oifh½kHjzifhe,fyg/ a*:vDvkH; tao;pm;cefYvkH;NyD; aevSef;yg/ nbufwGif aq;wpfvkH; a&ESifh arQmcsyg/
nbufaq;pm;vQif reufzuf0rf;oGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ rsm;rsm;pm;vQif rsm;rsm;0rf;oGm;ygonf/ (pm? 110)
55/ 0rf;avQma&m*gaysmufaq;enf;rsm; ...

(1) eEGif;rIefYqD;oD;vkH;cefYudk a&aEG;Murf;jzifh (3)&ufaomufyg/ (pm? 112)
(2) aemufwpfenf;rSm ... razmufxkH; 6usyfom;? Z0ufom 4usyfom;? ¤if;ESprf sKd;udk trIefYjyKí a&wpfydómESifh
a&mum a<uZvkHjzifh wpfaeukefcsufyg/ nae tenfxdkifaomtcg oefY&Sif;aomydwfpjzifh ESpfcg? okH;cgcefY ppfNyD;
avvkHaomykvif;wGif xnfhxm;yg/ a&aEG;ylyl vufzuf&nftMurf;yef;uef wpf0ufomomwGif aq;&nf
vufzuf&nfZGef;wpfZGef; xnfhaomufyg/ (pm? 115)
56/ 0rf;rSefawaq;ausmf (eef;wGif;okH;) ...

(1) xef;vsuf ... ... 10 usyo
f m;
33
(2) ysm;&nf ... ... 10 usyof m;

(3) oMum; ... ... 10 usyo f m;
(4) refusnf;rSnfhtESpf ... ... 10 usyfom;
(5) axmywf ... ... 10 usyo f m;
(6) ayG;udkif;rIefY ... ... 3 usyfom;
(7) prkefrsKd;ig;yg; ... ... 4 yJom;
(8) qm; ... ... 1 usyo
f m;
xdkaq;tr,frsm;udka&mí awaomf eef;wGif;oHk;0rf;rSef awaq;ausmfudk &&Sdyg\/ qD;oD;cefYpm;yg/ rdrd0rf;
tajctaeESifh csdefqí okH;pGJyg .../ (pm? 110)
57/ ovdyfuyfacsmif;qdk;ESifh yifpdrf;? a&Smuf? xef;vsuf ...

enf;(1)/ xrif;pm;NyD;wdkif; yifpdrf;½Gufudk twdkYtjr§yfvkyfpm;yg/ rMumcP ovdyfuyf? ovdyfxjzpf&mrS
yifpdrf;½GufwdkYpm;jcif;aMumifh tjzpfawmhyg/
enf;(2)/ a&SmufoD;tcGHyg;wpfvkH;udk av;pdwf? pdwfyg/ xef;vsufudk a&SmufoD;ESifh tav;csdefqwlxnfhyg/ a&udk
¤if;ESpfrsKd;aygif;\ 5q xnfhjyKwfyg/ a&SmufoD;? xef;vsufwdkYaysmfoGm;vQif t&nfppf,lNyD; [if;pm;ZGef;ESpfZGef;cefY
okH;BudrfrS ig;Budrftxdaomufyg/ okH;&ufcefYaomufvQif rnfonfhacsmif;qdk;a&m*grqdk aysmufygonf/
¤if;jyif &ifusyf? acsmif;qkd;jzpfaeaomvlemudkyiftxufygaq;enf;tjyif uGrf;½Gufpdrf;ESpf½GufESihf
qm;enf;enf;xnfh aomufokH;ap&m vkH;0oufomaysmufuif;oGm;ygonf/ (pm? 120)
58/ oefcsaq;ESifh oabmFaph ...

uav;rsm;wGif oef (odkY) wkwf&dSaeygu uav;\ toufESifh oabmFaphta&twGufwludk axmif;NyD;
uav;udk ntdyf&m0ifcgeD;wdkufauR;yg/ ¤if;aq;wkdufNyD;aemuf tpmrauR;&yg/ 0rf;EIwfay;&ef rvdkyg/
aemufwpfaeY eHeuf0rf;oGm;NyD; a&t0aomufcdkif;yg/ wpfem&DcefYMumrS tpm pm;cdkif;yg/ (pm? 142)
vlBuD;rsm; oef (odkY) wkwfcsvdkvQif oabmFaphtaph (20)cefYudk txufygenf;twdkif;aomufyg/ (pm? 143)
59/ ouf&Snfusef;rmaq;enf; (1) ...

qifwkH;rEG,fudk "m;jzifh yg;yg;vSD;NyD; t&dyfwGif ajcmufatmifvSef;yg/ jrif;cGm½GufyÍöig;yg;udk t&dyfwGif
ajcmufatmifvSef;yg/ ¤if;aq;ESpfyg;ajcmufvQif qwlcsdef? trIefYjyKum? ysm;&nfppfppfjzifh a&mpyfvkH;yg/ n? eHeuf
rQwpGm rSefrSefoHk;aqmifygu av;q,fausmf? ig;q,fhjynfhyk*¾dKvfrsm; qD;rSef? 0rf;rSef? pm;aumif;? aomufaumif;?
rsufpdMunfí ]]av}} vnf;rSefygonf/ (pm? 125)
60/ ouf&Snfusef;rmaq;enf; (2) ...

rif;okH;yg;ajcmuf? cyfíaomuf ...usef;rmNyD;aemuf? um,od'däyguf .../
(1) remrif; ... zGm;buf½Guf (ikBuD;) (4)½Guf
(2) rtdkrif; ... tkef;ESJ½Guf (OESJ½Guf)
(3) raorif; ... qifwkH;rEG,f (qiforEG,f)
okH;rsKd;udk trIefYjyKí? qwla&mí a&aEG;wGif cyfaomufyg/ a&m*gb, uif;pifNyD; usef;rma&;
txl;aumif;rGefygonf/ (pm? 128)
61/ tzktusdwf? oufwHESifh &cdkifiSufaysmoD; ...

&ckdifiSufaysmoD;rSnfhrSnfhudk tzktusdwfay:wGif tkHNyD; ywfwD;yg;yg; pnf;ay;xm;yg/ txl;owdjyK&efrSm
þaq;enf; tokH;jyKaepOftwGif; &cdkifiSufaysmoD;udk vkH;0rpm;&yg/
34
em;½GufwpfzufwGif a&SUaemuf ESpfae&mü tzktusdwfESpfvkH; wpfNydKifeufay:vmojzihf aq;xkd;? aq;pm;

jyKvkyfaomfvnf; ig;&ufMumonftxd raysmufyg/ xdkaemuf &ckdifiSufaysmoD;udk "m;yg;yg;jzifhvSD;í tusdwfwpfckpD
ay:wGifuyf/ wpfzef ¤if;tay:wGif yvmpwmjzihfxyfuyfay;xm;jcif;udk av;&ufcefY jyKvkyfNyD;aomtcg
wjznf;jznf;ao;í aemufqkH; vkH;0aysmufoGm;ygonf/
aygifwGifaygufaom oufwH? csKdif;wGifayguaf om udEé&mem? ar;½dk;atmuf tzktusdwfrsm;udkvnf;
aysmufuif;apygonf/ (pm? 145)
62/ oGm;udkufa&m*gaysmufaq;enf;/ rmvumacguf? eEGif; ...

aq;enf;(1)/ rmvumacgufudkaxmif;NyD; yg;pyfwGifikHay;yg/ upD&nfrsm;udk axG;rypfbJ yvkwfusif;ovdk
vIyf&Sm;ay;yg/ rmvumacguftrIefYudk ta[mif;? topfajymif;? ajymif;NyD;ikHay;yg/ oGm;zkH;a&mif? oGm;udkufaeNyD;
tem&SdefaMumifh yg;pyf? yg;vkwfyg tylaphxum pm;r0if? tdrfraysmfjzpfonfhtwGuf ikHay;xm;&m 15rdepfrQjzifh
oufomaysmufuif;ygonf/ (pm? 134)
aqenf;(2)/ tjcm;enf;rSm oGm;udkufaomae&m eEGif;odyfay;yg/ (pm? 135)
63/ oGm;a&m*gESifh iydvufav;opf ...

(1) i ... i½kwfaumif;
(2) yd ... ydwfcsif;oD;
(3) vuf ... vufcsm;
(4) av; ... av;n§if;
(5) opf ... opfMuHydk;
ig;rsKd;udk qwla&m? rD;½IdUNyD; &&Sdaom jymrIefYudkavvkHykvif;rSmxm;? aeYpOf xdkjymESifh oGm;wdkufyg/ (pm? 136)
64/ aoG;tH? aoG;oufESifh c&rf;csOfoD; ...

aoG;tHaomf? aoG;oufaomf c&rf;csOfoD;trSnfhudk yg;yg;vSD;í oMum;oifh½kHxnfhNyD; aomufay;yg/
c&rfcsOfoD;wGif yg0ifaom ADwmrif ]]pD}} "mwfonf aoG;wdwfapí oMum;rSmatmhtefjcif;udk Edkifojzifh aoG;tHjcif;
udk oufomapEdkifygonf/ (pm? 134)
65/ aoG;uifqmaysmufaq;enf;ESif rD;uGif;*rkef; ...

tyGifhrSmtjzLa&mifjzpfí t½GufwGiftay:bufü tpdrf;a&mif? atmufbufü c&rf;a&mif&dSaom rD;uGif;
*rkef;t½Gufudk oMum;ESifh a&mNyD; okH;cGufwpfcGufwif BudKaomufyg/ (pm? 140)
66/ aoG;wkd;ESihf awmqD;jzL (0g) a&qD;jzL ...

awmqD;jzL (0g) a&qD;jzLtyifao;vQif (10)yifcefY? tyifBuD;vQif (5)yifcefY tdk;xJxnfhí a&
(40)usyfom;cefYjzifh okH;cGufwpfcGufwifjyKwfyg/ wpfaeYokH;Budrfaomufyg/ aoG;wkd;a&m*gESifh acgif;udkuf? Zufxdk;a&m*g
aysmufuif;ygonf/ (pm? 128)
67/ aoG;wkd;ESifh eEGif;cg;? ysm;&nf ...

eEGif;cg; (35)usyfom;? ysm;&nf (65)usyfom;? ¤if;ESpfrsKd;udka&mNyD; aq;vkH;uav;rsm;vkH;í tajcmufcH
xm;yg/ aoG;wkd;vmygu wpfaeYvQif 5vkH; (odkY) 3vkH; ESpfBudrfrDS0Jyg/ (pm? 130)
(eEGif;cg;[m 0NyD;aoG;wkd;&SdolESifh omwnfhwm? ydefNyD;aoG;wkd;&Sdoludk eEGif;cg;aq;ray;&bl;/
rauG;0if;jrifh/ aoG;wkd;? avjzwf? OD;aESmufaMumjywf&jcif;taMumif;&if;? pmrsufESm? 34 .../)
35
68/ aoG;wkd;ESifh puúLyef; ...

puúLyef; (odkY) ydwfyef;wpfyifudk EIwfí EkyfEkypf Of;NyD; a&wpfydómjzifh okH;cGufwpfcGufwif jyKwfyg/
vufzuf&nfyef;uefwpfvkH; reuf? n (2)Budrfaomufyg/ aoG;ykHrSefa&mufvQif qufaomuf&efrvkdawmhyg/ aoG;
tvGefwufaeí usKdcsdefr&vQif t½Gufudk0g;NyD;? t&nfudk rsKdcs½kHjzifh aoG;wdk;a&m*goufomaysmufuif;ygonf/ (pm?
133)
69/ aoG;wkd;? tom;0g? tonf;a&mifESifh qD;jzLoD;? zefcg;oD; ...

aoG;wkd;? tom;0g? tonf;a&mifrSeforQ qD;jzLoD;? zefcg;oD;udkcsufpm;? aMumfpm;? axmif;pm;? okyfpm;?
tpdrf;pm; BudKuf&mvkyfpm;yg/ tNrJpm;yg/ vufawGUaysmufygonf/ (pm? 141)
70/ tpmtdrfa&m*gESihf oabmFoD;rSnfh ...

oabmFoD;trSnfh (tav;csdef 40usyfom;cefY) udk tvkH;vkdufa&pifatmifaq;í tn§mem;uyfNyD; "m;ESihf
vDS;yg/ tpdwfuav;rsm; pdyfyg/ tjzLa&miftap;rsm; xGufvmrnf/ ¤if;tap;rsm;udk tavtvGifhvkH;0r&SdapbJ
tom;ESifh a&maESmpm;yg/ wpf&ufvQif wpfvkH;usjzifh wpfvcefYpm;okH;jcif;jzifh a&m*gaysmufuif; csrf;omrnf/ (pm?
154)
71/ tpmtdrfa&m*gESihf oabmF½Guftpdrf;? EG,fcsKd ...

oabmF½Guftpdrf;udk owåK&nfn§pfNyD; a<uZGef;BuD; (2)ZGef; wpfaeYokH;Budrfaomufyg/ EG,fcsKdukd tenf;i,fzJh
NyD; yg;pyfxJikHxm;yg/ 0g;NyD; t&nfudk rsKdcsyg/ tpmtdrfa&m*g rcGJrpdwf&yJ aysmufuif;ygonf/ (pm? 157)
72/ tpmtdrfa&m*gESifh eEGif;pdrf;O? ysm;&nf ...

eEGif;pdrf;Oudk yg;yg;vSD;í cyfxyfxyfjzpfatmif aevSef;yg/ ¤if;udk ysm;&nfESifh aomufyg/ ysm;&nf r&EkdifvQif
eEGif;rIefYudk oHowfí qm;rD;zkwfESifh aomufyg/ (pm? 157)
73/ tpmtdrfa&m*gESihf eEGif;rIefY? uGrf;pm;xkH; ...

]]e*g;ESpfaumif? oHowfaESmif ...
tarmif b,folvJ ...}}
e*g;ESpfaumifqdkonfrSm xkH;? eEGif;udk qdkvdkonf/ oHowfaESmifqdkonfrSm rD;zkwfxm;aom oHacsmif;
jzpfonf/ tarmif b,folvJ qdkonfrSm bma&m*gvJ[k ar;xm;jcif;jzpfygonf/ uGrf;pm;xkH; 8yJom;? qefvGwf
eEGif;rIefY 8yJom;? ¤if;wdkYudk a[mvpfykvif;xJü a&wpf0ufausmfxnfhí a&marTyg/ ¤if;aemuf 3vufrcefY&Sd rD;zkwf
xm;aom oHacsmif;udk n§yfjzifh,lNyD; xnfharTvdkufyg/ xkH;? eEGif;oHowf&nf&rnf/
¤if;udk at;atmifxm;í oHowfa&Munfudk ppf,lNyD; vufzuf&nfZGef;i,f wpfZGef;jzifh wpfaeYokH;Budrf
aomufyg/ a&S;jrefrmorm;awmfBuD;rsm; tarGxm;&pfaom aq;enf;jzpfí ,kHMunfpdwfcspGmtm;udk;jyKyg/ (pm? 159)
74/ temrD;? tempufESifh ½Gufusyifayguf ...

½Gufusyifayguft½Gufudk 'eftkd;tzkH;ay:wifNyD; rD;zdkay:wGif jymjzpfonftxd avSmfyg/ ¤if;jymrsm;udk
tkef;qDjzifh oifhavsmfovkdazsmfNyD; temudk wpfaeYokH;Budrf vdrf;ay;yg/ a&m*graysmufrD temudk qyfjym&nf
rxdygapESifh/ þa&m*gonf qyfjymudk tvGefaMumufygonf/ (pm? 147)
75/ t½kd;usKd;? t½kd;tuf? tqpfvGJESifh qifwkH;rEG,ft½Guf ...

qifwkH;rEG,ft½Gufukd aMunufatmifaxmif;NyD; t½kd;usKd;? t½kd;tuf? tqpfvGJaom ae&mukdMuyfpnf;yg/
¤if;aemuf csuft&ufjyif;ukd tukduftcJ raysmufrcsif; avmif;xnfhay;yg/ tukduftcJ aysmufaomtcg
36
Muyfpnf;jznfyg/ 'd|vufiif;aysmufuif;ygonf .../ (pm? 161)
76/ tom;uGJ? tom;ywfESifh &Sm;apmif;vufyyf ...

tom;uGJtufjcif; jzpfwwfonfh ajczaemifh? vufz0g;rsm;ukd &Sm;apmif;vufyyfrS xGufonfh tap;jzifh
yGwfay;ygu ododomom aysmufuif;ygonf/ aqmif;wGif;ü jzpfapwwfaom yg;wGif tom;ywfjcif;rsm;ukdvnf;
aysmufuif;apygonf/ wpfaeYokH;BudrfcefY twGif;om;udk vdrf;&ygrnf/ (pm? 123)
77/ tom;0ga&m*gESifh pyg;vif ...

pyg;vifvufwpfqkyfudk okH;cGufwpfcGufwifBudKNyD;? eHeufwpfcGuf? nwpfcGufaomufyg/ tom;0gjzpfaepOf
qDygaom tpmudk a&Smif&rnf/ (pm? 120)
78/ tom;0g? tonf;a&mifa&m*gESifh 'ef;BuD;yif ...

'efBuD;yifrS t½Gufvufwpfqkyfudk axmif;xkyg/ aomufa&okH;cGufpmjzifh wpfnpdrfxm;yg/ aemufaeYwGif
eHeuf? aeYvnf? n wpfaeYokH;Budrf oMum;csKd½kHcwfí okH;&ufrS ajcmuf&uftxd wkdufay;yg/ (pm? 122)
79/ tmoD;a&mif (yoda&mif) ESifh ysOf;awmfodrf½Guf ...

ysOf;awmfodrf½GufvufwpfqkyfpmcefYudk a&pifpifaq;NyD; tkd;oefYoefYwGif okH;cGufwpfcGufwifjyKwfyg/
cHwGif;wGif ikHEdkifavmufNyDqdkvQif ¤if;jyKwf&nfudk tmoD;ESifh tmacgif&if;odkY a&mufonfhwdkifatmif ikHaxG;yg/ csufcsif;
axG;rypfbJ tenf;qkH;em&D0ufcefY qufwdkufvkyfyg/ (pm? 153)
80/ tufppfylavmifjcif;ESifh uGrf;½GufoMum; ...

tufqpf&nfxdavmifrdaom ae&mtm; a&oefYoefYjzifh aq;ypfyg/ uGrf;½GufESifh oMum;a&macsí
xGufvmaom t&nfrsm;jzifh qGwfí tzwfrsm;udk tkHay;jcif;jzifh trm&GwfrxifbJ tjrefqkH;aysmufuif;ygonf/ (pm?
33)
o Q o Q o
37
38
(6) ½Guf? acguf? jrpf? oD;

aq;enf;(1000)? wkdif;&if;jrefrmtdrfokH;aq;rsm;
OD;vScif (qef;ñGefYOD;)
q|rtBudrf? 1993? pufwifbmv/ wefzkd; 200usyf/ 0HomEkOD;ysKdifpmay .../
1/ c½koif;ESifh BudwfrSef½Guf? zefcg; ...

(1) BudwfrSef½Guf&nfukdvdrf;yg .../
(2) aemufwenf; ... BudwfrSefjrpf? zefcg;jrpf tnDtrQ ...
tkd;ESifh zkwfí&aomjymukd ykef;&nfBuD; ESifhazsmfvdrf;yg .../ (pm? 103)
2/ ptkd0,m;jcif;ESifh BudwfrSef½Guf ...

BudwfrSef½Guft&nfn§pfí (owåK&nf) ptkd0wGif okH;av;Budrf okwfvdrf;ay;yg/ 0rf;wGif;&Sdykd;rTm;rsm;
usqif;vmygvdrfrnf .../ (pm? 112)
3/ cHwGif;ysufjcif;ESifh BudwfrSef½Guf,dk ...

cHwGif;ysufvQif ]]BudwfrSef½Guf,dk }} aq;ukdpm;yg.../(pm? 104)
]]BudwfrSef½Guf,kd }} jyKvkyfykHrSm... BudwfrSef½Guf yOöig;yg; EkyfEkyfpOf;NyD;om; 25 usyfom;? xef;vsuf oefUoefY
10om;ESifh t&nfn§pfNyD; a&SmufoD;zuf 10 usyfom;? MuufoeG feD yg;yg;vSD;NyD;om; 10 om;? prkefrsKd;ig;yg; trIefY
ESpfyJom;pD.../ txufygaq;tpkukd tkd;opfwGif qm;oifh½kH a&oifh½kHxnfhyg/ rD;zkdwGif ,kdxkd;ovkdusKdcsufyg ,kdtjzpfokdY
a&mufaomf... tat;cHNyD;bl;oefYoefYwGifxnfhyg/ tpm ESifha0;csdefeHeuftdyf,mx? aeYvnf? ntdyf,m0if
wGifwpfaeYokH;Budrfpm;yg .../
4/ ]]BudwfrSef½Guf,kd}} aq;jzifh aysmufuif;Ekdifaoma&m*grsm; ...

,kdaq;jzifhaysmufuif;Ekdifaoma&m*grsm;rSm... ukd,fvufazma&mifem? ukd,f0ef&Sdp...ysKdUtefem? ukd,f0ef ysuf?
Muufrsufoifh? acsmif;qkd;yef;em? ajcwkefvufwkef? wpfudk,fvkH;,m;em? ESvkH;wkef&ifckef? ESvkH;a&m*g? ayG;0JESif;cl
zkdrt*Fgpyfa&mifa&m*g? A&if*sDem? rD;,yfuGuf? rD;,yfacgif;ukduf? rD;,yfxkHusOfem? rD;,yfrsufpd? arxkHvGef? rsufpdrIef?
a,mifNyD;vefYatmfaoma&m*g? avem? 0rf;ukduf? 0rf;csKyfvGef? 0rf;oufvGef? ovdyfem? om;tdrfukdufcJ?
onf;ajc?aoG;ykyf? aoG;qkH;? aoG;vGef? aoG;om;rnDrñGwf? aoG;tm;enf;? tom;jzLzwfjzLa&mem? tom;0g? toH0if
tlusa&m*g.../ (pm? 236)
5/ BudwfrSef½Guf vufokyf ...

BudwfrSef½Gufukd a&aEG;azsmq,fNyD; yg;yg;vSD;? MuufoGeef D? qDcsuf? ESrf;rIefY? yJrIefYtusuf? refusnf;rSnfh (okdY)
a&Smuf? oHyk&m&nf? iHjym&nfwkdY ESifhokyfpm;yg/ rMum? rMum BudwfrSef½Gufukd *½kwpkduf pm;ay;jcif; tm;jzifh ...
wtdrfom;vkH; a&m*guif;&Sif;? usef;rm&Tifvef;? tom;ta& Munfvifpkdajyolrsm; tjzpf awGU&ygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm?
238)
6/ acgif;ukdufjcif;ESifh eEGif;rIefY? eHYomjzL ...

eEGif;rIefYESifh eYHomjzLukd trIefYjyKvkyfí rD;wGif xnfh&SKyg .../ (pm? 104)
7/ acgif;ukdufjcif;ESifh oHyk&m&nfaph ...

oHyk&maphBudwfNyD; em;o,fwGif vdrf;ay;yg .../ (pm? 105)
39
8/ iSufzsm;ESifh aMumifyef;½Guf ...

aMumifyef;½GufajcmuftrIefY? aMumifyef;½GufowåK&nf? aMumifyef;½Guftpdrf;jyKwf&nf wpfrsdK;rsK;d ukd ... eHeuf?
nOfh aomufay;yg/ aMumifyef;½GufjyKwf&nfukd a&ESifh a&mpyfí csKd;yg? ukd,ftylavmifjcif;? teHYtoufraumif;jcif;
rsm;aysmufí? qD;rsm;pGmoGm;í iSufzsm;a&m*g aysmufuif;Ekdifonf/ (pm? 111)
9/ iSufzsm;a&m*gESifh jrif;cGm½Guf? i½kwfaumif; ...

jrif;cGm½Gufukd i½kwfaumif;ESifh ... trQpDBudwfí aomufyg .../ (pm? 111)
10/ iSufzsm;ESifh jrif;cGm? yifpdrf;? i½kwfaumif; ...

jrif;cGm½Guf? yifpdrf;½Guf? i½kwfaumif;rIefY ... þoHk;yg; qwla&mBudwfNyD; okH;a&G;om;cefY vkH;xm;yg? eHeuf?
nOfh wpfvkH;pD pm;yg/ emwm&Snfjzpfaeaom iSufzsm;omru ... rnfonfha&m*grQ ruyfEkdifawmhbJ usef;rm
touf&Snf ygrnf .../ (pm? 122)
11/ qD;usef? qD;enf;? qD;atmifhjcif;? jrif;cGm? oMum; ...

jrif;cGm½Guf owåK&nfESifh oMum; a&mpyf aomufyg .../ (pm? 113)
12/ qD;yl? qD;enf;? qD;aoG;ygjcif;ESifh 'EÅokc ...

'EÅokcwpfyifvkH; tajcmufvSef;NyD; vufzufajcmufuJhokdY cyfaomufyg ... okH;&uftwGif; ... &Sif;&Sif;
aysmufygonf .../ (pm? 113)
13/ qD;csKyfjcif;ESifh MuufoGefeD ...

qD;rsm;&ef MuufoGefeDtpdrf;vkduf rsm;rsm;pm;yg .../ (pm? 114)
14/ qD;wpfpuf? wpfpufusjcif;ESifh MuufoGefeD...

MuufoGefeDukdjyKwfí t&nfukdaomufyg .../ (pm? 114)
15/ qD;atmifh (ausmufwnf) jcif;ESifh xdu½kH;tjrpf ...

xdu½kH;tjrpfukd jyKwfaomufaomf ... ausmufaysmfí uGJap\ .../ (pm? 115)
16/ qifclvnfjywfem ...

qifwkH;rEG,fukd aoG;í ¤if;temrSm rMumcP vdrf;ay;yg .../ (pm? 115)
( 1976ck? azaz:0g&Dvxkwf jr0wDr*¾Zif; q&meef;ñGefYaqG\ aqmif;yg;rS ... q&mBuD;OD;*kPfbPf ukd,fawGU )
17/ n§if;aygufvQifESifh BudwfrSef½Guf ...
BudwfrSef½GufowåK&nfukd vdrf;yg .../ (pm? 125)
18/ ÓmPfaumif;ap&ef (owd? ynmtm;wkd;aq;) ESifh jrif;cGm½Guf? ESrf;qD ...

jrif;cGm½GufowåK&nf 10usyfom; wGif...ESrf;qD 5usyfom; a&mí rD;n§if;n§if;ESifh csuf/ qDom;usefrS cs/
at;vQifppfxm;/ xkdqDukd tenf;i,fpD aomufyg/ uif;jrD;aumufxkd;vQifvnf; vdrf;yg .../ (pm? 125)
40
19/ wif;wdyfESifh 'EÅokc...

'EÅokcowåK&nfESifh oeyfcg;pyfí ... tdyf&m0ifwkdif; vl;ay;yg .../ (pm? 1235)
20/ xdyfuyfemESifh BudwfrSef½Guf ...

BudwfrSef½GufowåK&nfukd cPcP &SLay;yg .../ (pm? 126)
21/ em;udkufjcif;ESifh MuufoGefeD...

MuufoGefeDukd rD;zkwf/ t&nfaEG;aEG; em;xJxnfh .../ em;ukdufjcif; aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 132)
22/ em;avxGufjcif;ESifh w½kwfpum;yGifh ...

w½kwfpum;yGifhukd em;wGif ydwfqkdYxm;yg .../ ¤if;tyGifhukd vufokyf okyfpm;yg .../ (pm? 132)
23/ em;tlavxGufjcif;ESifh oabFm½Guf ...

oabFm½Guf rD;tkH;í twkdYtjrKyf vkyfpm;yg .../ (pm? 133)
24/ ESvkH;wkefjcif;ESifh jr if;cGm½Guf? qifwkef;rEG,f ...

jrif;cGm½GufESifh qifwkef;rEG,fukd a&mí jyKwfaomufcJhaomf ESvkH;wkefjcif;? pdwfacsmufjcm;jcif; aysmuf\ .../
(pm? 138)
25/ ESvkH;a&m*gESifh BudwfrSef½Guf,kdaq; ...

BudwfrSef½Guf,dkaq;ukd pm;yg .../ (pm? 138)
(BudwfrSef½Guf,kdvkyfenf;? pmrsufESm (34)wGif Munfhyg .../)
26/ ESmap;acsmif;qkd; ...
(1) csif;pdrf;&nfESif ysm;&nfwkdYukd a&mNyD; rMumcP vsufay;yg .../
(2) aemufwenf; ... csOfaygifcg;½Gufukd &Smvywf&nf vkyfíaomuf/ aumif;vS\ .../ (pm? 139)
27/ ESmydwf? ESmacgif;teUHr&jcif; ...

BudwfrSef½GufowåK&nfukd cPcP &SLay;yg .../ (pm? 139)
28/ yef;emESifh ausmufz½kHcg;oD; ...

ausmufz½kHcg;oD; tom;csdef 50usyfom; jcpf,l/ xef;vsuf 50usyfom; a&mí tkd;opfESifh rwl;atmif?
rjcpfatmif usKd/ yspfyspf&vQif ysm;&nf 50usyfom;ESifh e,fípm;yg .../ (pm? 142)
29/ yef;emESifh qD;jzLoD;...

qD;jzLoD; pm;ay;yg.../ (pm? 142)
30/ yef;emESifh aMumifvQmyiftacguf...

aMumifvQmyiftacgufukd csif;owåK&nfESifhvnf;aumif;? ysm;&nfESifhvnf;aumif; a&mpyfaoG;í vQufcJhaomf
aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 142)
41
31/ yef;em&ifusyf'd|aysmufaq;ESifh oabFmoD;...

ausmufwef;NrKdU q&mOD;pkd;wifhu aq;q&mrsm; ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJwGif zwfMum;onfh pmwrf;rS aumufEkwfcsuf
.../
oabFmoD; tpdrf;wpfvkH;ukd tvkH;vdkuf a&pifatmif aq;yg? tay:cGHukd ETmrypfbJ oabFmjcpfESifh jcpfí
i½kwfpdrf;? MuufoGefeD? iHjym&nf ponfwkdYESifh oHy&k moGifoGif qrf;NyD; npm xrif;vGwf t0 pm;yg/
(aeYvnfpmukd avQmh pm;xm;yg) .../
aemufwaeY oabFmrJZvDyGifhajcmufukd a&aEG;qlqlwGif cwfí vufzuf&nfMurf; aomufouJhokdY tMurf;
yef;uefESifh av; ig;vkH;cefY aomufyg (ovdyfrsm; 0rf;ESifh twl qif;oGm;ygvdrfhrnf) .../
0rf;oGm;NyD; aemufwpfaeYrSm OEéJ½Guf (tkef;ESJ½Guf) tpkdjzpfap? tajcmufjzpfap? xef;vsufESifh Budwfí
qD;jzLoD;cefY (3)vkH;ukd eHeuf? aeY? nOfh pm;yg/ oabFmoD;okyf wpfBudrfpm;½kHESifh aysmufwwfygonf/ tcsKdU ESpfBudrf?
okH;Budrfxd pm;&ygonf/ okH;BudrfrS aysmufvQif qufpm;&ef rvkdyg/ (pm? 234)
32/ ayG;? 0J?,m;emESifh MuufoGefjzLOwpfvkH; ...

MuufoGefjzLOwpfvkH;ukd zifrSvSD;í xGufvmaom tap;&nfESifh temukd rMumcP yGwfay;yg/ rkcs
aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 114)
33/ raemr,&aohBuD;ODcEÅDenf; (oraxmysm;ayG;) ...

]]o?r?axm?ysm;?ayG;}} ... &aohBuD;OD;cEÅDaq;
(1) oMum; ... 10.usyfom;
(2) refusnf;oD; ... 5 .usyfom;
(3) axmywf ... 5 .usyfom;
(4) ysm;&nf ... 5 .usyo f m;
(5) ayG;ukdif;rIefY ... 5 . /
(6) qm; ... oifhf½kH aw pm;yg .../ (pm? 149)
34/ rD;avmifemESifh iSufaysmoD;rSnfh...

iSufaysmoD;rSnfhrSnfh tkHay;vQif rMumrD at;í tzk raygufbJ aysmuf\.../ (pm? 158)
35/ rD;avmifemESifh BudwfrSef? yifpdrf; ...

BudwfrSef½Guf&nfESifh yifpdrf;½GufwkdYukd a&mí wpfaeY ESpfcg vdrf;ay;yg/ tylaysmufí trm&Gwfrsm;vnf;
aysmufuif;ygonf .../ (pm? 158)
36/ rD;avmifemaMumifhtrm&GwfjzLESifh BudwfrSef½Guf ...

jzLaomtom;ay:wGif BudwfrSef½GufowåK&nf rMumcP qGwfay;yg .../ (pm? 158)
37/ ,m;em? rdwfESifh ca&yGifh? jrif;cGm½Guf ...

(1) ca&yGifhajcmufukd oeyfcg;jzifh a&mvdrf;? rdwfaygufaysmuf\/ tylaMumifhjzpfaom ,m;em aysmuf\ .../ (pm?
158?165 ) (yxrenf;wpfenf;)
(2) wpfukd,fvkH; ,m;,HaevQif jrif;cGm½Guf(90) usyfom;ukd a&wpfykH;ESifh jyKwfí a&csKd;ay;yg/ trsm;qkH;
oHk;&uf qufcsKd;vQif aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 166) ('kwd,enf;)
42
38/ a&,kefemESifh uif;ykH½Guf ...

uif;yHk½Guft&nfukd rMumcP wkdYay;yg/ rkcsaysmufuif;ygonf/ aeYpOfaeYwkdif; vwfqwfaom uif;ykH½Guf
jzpf&rnf .../ (pm? 168)
39/ &ifwkefarmyef;jcif;ESifh a&Smuf? xef;vsuf ...

a&SmufoD;ESifh xef;vsufauR;yg .../ (pm? 169)
40/ avief;a&m*g ESifh&Sm;apmif;? qifwkH;? ysm;&nf ...

&Sm;apmif;vufywf\ 5q? qifwkH;rEG,f trIefYukdxnfhí ysm;&nfESifh Budwfípm;aomf aysmuf\ .../ (pm?
171)
41/ taMuma&m*gESifh BudwfrSef½Gufvufokyf ...

BudwfrSef½Gufvufokyfukd rSefrSefpm;yg .../ (pm? 196)
(vufokyfvkyfenf;? pmrsufESm ( ) wGif Munfhyg .../)
42/ tpmtdrfa&m*gESifh iSufaysmoD;tpdrf;
iSufaysmoD;tpdrf; ukdtcGHETmí aeylwGifaoGUajcmufatmifvSef;NyD;? rIefYaeatmifBudwf? ,if;trIefukd
rkefYvkyfíaeYpOfpm;ay;yg/ tpmtdrftcsOfaygufa&m*g ESifh tpmtdrfESifhywfouforQ a&m*gtm;vkH;aysmuf\ .../ (pm?
199)
43/ tpmtdrfa&m*gESifh eEGif;O? ysm;&nf ...

eEGif;Oukd yg;yg;vSD;/ ae&dyfrSm cyfxyfxyfvSef;/ wpfBudrfvsif(3)jym;? wpfaeY okH;Budrfysm;&nfESifhaomuf ...
rkcsaysmuf\ .../ (pm? 199)
44/ temaygufvQif ...

(1) xkH;ESifh eEGif; a&mvdrf;yg? EkvQifydef...&ifhvQifayguf\ .../ (pm? 206)
(2) aemufwenf;...jrif;cGm½Gufukd axmif;? eEGif;ESifhBudwftkH...aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 207)
45/ trm&Gwfaysmufap&ef ...

(1) jrif;cGm½GufowåK&nf...vdrf;qGwfay;yg .../
(2) okdr[kwf...Buw
d frSef½GufowåK&nf...vdrf;qGwfay;yg .../ (pm? 214)
46/ touf&Snfaq;ESifh BudwfrSef½Guf...

BudwfrSef½Gufwpfydómukd qm;ESifhnufpGmBudwf? vkHxJrSmxnfh? rD;ESpfzufzkdESifhxkd; qm;owåKusvmvdrfhrnf/
trIeYfBudwf ...ysm;&nfESifhpdrf eHeuf? nOfh aomuf? EkysKdíjzLaomqHyifeufvmrnf .../ (pm? 219)
47/ touf&Snfaq;ESifh jrif;cGm½Guf...

jrif;cGm½GufyOöig;yg; a&pifpifaq; t&dyfrSmvSef;? trIefYjyK avvkHatmifxm;? 3 a&G;om;rS 5 a&G;om;txd
wpfaeYokH;Budrf? ysm;? oum&nf... &&mESifh a&maomuf? &uf&Snfvrsm;pGJípm;yg .../ (pm? 219)
43
48/ touf&SnfEkysKdap&ef qD;jzL? zefcg; ...

qD;jzLoD;? zefcg;oD; tpkdajcmufaeYpOfoifh½kH tNrJpm;yg .../ (pm? 220)
49/ tlusa&m*g ESifh ]]BudwfrSef½Guf,kd}} aq; ...
BudwfrSef½Guf,dk (pmrsufESm ---) aq; ... tNrJpm;yg .../ (pm? 223)
o Q o Q o
44
(7) rD;zkdacsmifrSaq;pGrf;aumif;rsm; (yxrwGJ) ...

(14)Budrfajrmuf? 1997? rwfv/ 0HomEkOD;ysKdifpmay? wefzkd;ryg .../
1/ MuufoGefjzLESifh aoG;wkd;a&m*g ...

r[wår*E´DBuD;u
rdrd\ aoG;wkd;a&m*gonf
MuufoGefjzLukd aeYpOf pm;jcif;jzifh
aysmufuif;&onf [kkqkd\ .../ (pm? 23)
2/ MuufoGefjzLESifh vnfyif;BuD;a&m*g ...

MuufoGefjzL tqDukd wpfBudrfvQif ESpfpufrQ wpfaeY (3)Budrf wkdufauR;jcif;? vnfyif;wGif vdrf;usHjcif; jyK&\
.../ (pm? 24)
3/ MuufoGefjzLESifh ayG;0J,m;em ...

MuufoGefjzLwpfvkH;ukd zifrSvSD;í xGufvmaom tap;&nfESifh temukd rMumcP yGwfoyfvdrf;ay;yg?
rkcsaysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 25)
4/ tm;wkd;aq;ESifh MuufoGefeDaph ...

MuufoGefeDaphukd axmif;pm;yg .../ (pm?27)
5/ qD;rsm;ap&efESifh MuufoGefeD ...

qD;rsm;ap&ef MuufoGefeDukd tpdrf;pm;yg .../ (pm?27)
6/ qD;wpfpufwpfpufusjcif;ESifh MuufoGefeD ...

MuufoGefeDukd jyKwfí t&nfukdaomufyg .../ (pm27)
7/ vdyfacgif;aoG;ygESifh MuufoGefeD ...

MuufoGefeDt&nf vwfvwfqwfqwf n§pfí a<uZGef; wpf0uf? oMum;tenf;i,fpGufí wpfaeY
wpfBudrfwkdufay;yg .../ (pm? 27)
8/ BudKUxkd;aysmufaq;enf; ...
MuufoGefeDukd xef;vsufESifh Ekdif;csif;Budwfípm; .../
(wpfenf;) opfMuykd;ukd...qm;ESifhyspfyspfaoG;í vQmyGwf .../
(aemufwpfenf;) oli,fpm iSufaysmoD;tpdrf;ukdpm; .../ (pm? 29)
9/ atmhtHjcif;? BudKUxkd;jcif;ESifh MuufoGefeD? csif; ...
csif;pdrf; 12usyfom;? MuufoGefeDOrS n§pfí&aomt&nf oifhawmfpGma&mí aomufcJhaomf... atmhtHaom
a&*gaysmuf\? BudKxkd;vQifvnf; txufygtwkdif;vkyfyg .../ (pm? 30)
10/ acsmif;qkd;&ifusyfaysmufaq;enf; ...

csif;pdrf;? xef;vsuf? i½kwfaumif;? av;n§if;wkdYukd oifh½kHpkí usKdNyD;aomufu aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 31)
45
11/ tpmtdrfa&m*gESifh eEGif;O? ysm;&nf ...

*ufpwpf (Gastritis) tpmtdrfema&m*grsm;twGuf eEGif;Oukd yg;yg;vSD; ae&dyfrSm cyfxyfxyf jzpfatmifvSef;?
ysm;&nfESifh wpfcgaomuf okH;jym;? wpfaeYoHk;Budrfaomuf/ rkkcsaysmufuiff;aom vufawGUaq; .../ (pm? 34)
12/ ESmacgif;aoG;,kdESifh oHyk&moD; ...

oHyk&moD; vwfvwfqwfqwf t&nfukd ESmacgif;wGif;n§pfxnfhyg .../ (pm? 42)
13/ vnfacsmif;a&m*gESifh oHyk&m&nf? ysm;&nf ...

oHyk&m&nf ylylukd ysm;&nf ESifh a&mí? aeYtcg ESpfBudrfvQufyg/ aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 42)
14/ rufuavmifa&m*gESifh Muuf[if;cg;½Guf ...

tjyif;zsm;í rsufpdrzGifhbJ tvGeftdyfvQif rufuavmifa&m*g jzpfonf/ ptkd0ukdMunfhvQif eDeDtzk uav;
3zkrS 5zkxd awGU&rnf/ tyfukd rD;zkwfí vufzsm;ukdazmufNyD; aoG;n§pfxkwfyg/ xkdae&mukd Muuf[if;cg;oD;
½Guft&nfukd okwfvdrf;ay;yg/ roufomvQif ptkd0 rStzkrsm;ukd azmufíMuuf[if;cg;½Guf t&nfokwfvdrf;ay;yg/
Muuf[if;cg;oD;? Muuf[if;cg;½GufwkdYukd [if;csufíjzpfap? jyKwfwkdYíjzpfap ... pm;EkdiforQpm;yg .../ (pm? 52)
15/ qD;ylusOffatmifhE Sifh ausmufz½kHoD;

ausmufz½kHoD;ukd xdyfutaygufazgufí ... oMum;0ifoavmufoGif; oMum;t&nfaysmf oGm;aomf ...
vufzuf&nfyef;uefESifh wpfaeYwpfvkH;usaomuf ...aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 57)
16/ 'lvmoa&mESifh ausmufz½kHoD; ...

usifacsmif;udkufNyD; qD;ESifha&mí tjzLzwfrsm; xGufusaoma0'emukd ]]'lvmoa&m}} [kac:onf/
ausmufz½kHoD;ukd tcGHoifí tlESifh tom;ukdt&nfn§pf,l ... qm;cJukd rD;&J&J ESpfNyD; ESpfBudrf? okH;Budrfxkd;NyD;u
xkdt&nfxJrSm xnfhaomufav .../ ylíqif;aoma&m*g vQifjrefpGmaysmufuif;Ekdifonf .../ (pm? 57)
17/ yef;em? avemESifh ausmufz½kHoD; ...

ausmufz½kHoD; xufjcrf;cGJ jcpf,lxm;onhftom; ... tcsdefig;q,fom;ESifh xef;vsuf ig;q,fom;ukd
tkd;opfjzifhrwl;rjcpfatmifusKdNyD; ysm;&nfig;q,fom;ESifh a&mpyfípm;aomf yef;em? avem aumif;ygonf .../ (pm? 58)
18/ toH0if? toHuyf? vnfacsmif;emESifh 'efovGefjrpf ...

'efYovGefjrpfukd xkaxmif; Budwfacsí t&nfn§pf,lum pm;yGJwifZGef; wpfZGef;cefY aeYpOf aomufay;yg .../
(pm? 67)
19/ 'lvmoa&mESifh qD;jzLoD;? eEGif;O ...

(qD;oGm;aomtcg cg;ukdufNyD; tjzLzwfrsm; ygaoma&m*g) 'lvmoa&mjzpfvQif qD;jzLoD;? eEGif;OBuD; þESpfyg;
trQBudwfí pm;yg .../ (pm? 75)
20/ qifajcaxmufa&m*gESifh acG;v,m;jrpf ...

acG;v,m; (acG;avS,m;) yif\ tjrpfrIefYukd qDESifhcsuf ... aq;zwfukdppfyg/ ¤if;qDESifh vdrf;ay;yg .../ (pm?
87) (bmqDvJ? ESrf;qDvm; ...¿)
46
21/ om;tdrfavQmemESifh acG;v,m;jrpf ...

acG;v,m; (acG;avS,m;) yif\tjrpfudk a&av;ykHwpfykH<uif; (av;cGufwpfcGufwif) jyKwfaomuf/
¤if;t&nfESifhyif om;tdrfukd aq;aMumay;yg/ temuif;í om;tdrftm;&dSvmrnf .../ (pm? 88)
22/ b&if*sDem (*&if*sDem) ESifh [if;Eke,f ...

[if;Eke,f yÍöig;yg;udk usufusufjyKwfNyD; razmufxkH; oifh½kHxnfhí ukvm;xdkifzifatmufü ,if;jyKwf&nftdk;
udkxm;NyD; wpfaeYwpfBudrf xdkifay;yg/ okH;&ufESifhaysmuf\/
rkcsaysmufaom vufawGUukxkH;jzpfygonf/ xkdukxkH;jzifh ukoNyD;aemuf c&rf;oD;? Muufom;? trJom;ponf
wdkYudk vlemtm; auR;Munfhyg/ temref; usefao;vQif ,m;,Hvmrnf/ aysmufvQif vkH;0r,m;awmhyg .../ (pm? 91)
23/ jrif;cGm½Gufaq;ESifh a&m*gpkH ...

1/ jrif;cGm½GufrIefY (ae&dyfvSef;) ... 10 usyfom;
2/ i½kwfaumif;rIefY ... 2 usyfom;
3/ ysm;&nf ... 12 usyof m;
þaq; (3)rsKd;udk a&mpyfí tap;aygufatmif e,fyg/ ae ... ysm;&nfcef;½kH? oifhawmf½kH vSef;yg/ qD;uif;
cefYvkH;í avvkHzefykvif;rSmxm;yg/ eHeufwpfvkH;? nwpfvkH;jzpfap? eHeufwpfvkH;? aeYvnfwpfvkH;? nwpfvkH;jzpfap
rSefrSefpm;yg/ ydkpm;ygu omíaumif;ygonf/ ab;Oyg'f rjzpfyg/
a&m*gBuD;oljzpfygu wpfv? ESpfvpm;okH;rdvQif? a&m*gi,foljzpfu v0uf? wpfvpm;okH;rdvQif udk,fom;
udk,f&nfESifh tusKd;xl;rsm; odvm&onf/ a&m*gr&dSolrsm; BudKwifpm;oGm;ygu (BudKwifumuG,fonfh oabmouf
a&mufojzifh) a&m*gb,rsm; a0;uGmrnfrSm trSefrScs jzpfygonf .../ (pm? 101)
24/ 0ufjcHaygufjcif;ESifh jrif;cGm½Guf ...
0ufjcHaygufvQif jrif;cGm½GufudkBudwfvdrf;yg .../ (pm? 105)
25/ BudwfrSef½Gufawaq;ESifh aysmufuif;aoma&m*grsm; ...

1/ BudwfrSef½Gufajcmuf ... 10 usyfom;
2/ jrif;cGm½Gufajcmuf ... 5 usyfom;
3/ Bwu d #Kwf ... 1 yJom; pD
¤if;aq;tr,frsm;udk rIefYnufatmif axmif;NyD; ysm;&nf 10usyfom;jzifh awyg/ zefAl;wGif xnfhNyD; eHeuf?
n qD;uif;cefYpm;yg/ BudwfrSefESifh jrif;cGmudk aervSef;&yg/ t&dyfxJrSm ajcmufap&ygrnf/
i½kwfaumif;? ydwfcsif;oD;? csif;ajcmuf þokH;yg;udk ]]Bwdu#Kwf}} [kac:ygonf/ i½kwfaumif;tpm;
umvDoD; (pyfvGef;aomi½kwfoD;tyGoD;) ? csif;ajcmuftpm; csif;½kd;½kd;tajcmuftm; xnfhvQifvnf;oifhygonf/
aoG;aygif;í emusifaevQif? csnfheJYtm;enf;aevQif? rdef;rudk,fay:rSm &Gydk;xdk;wwfaoma&m*g&dSvQif (rdef;r
udk,f ,m;,Hwwfonfhoabmudk ajymwmvm; ...) BudwfrSef½Gufawaq;udkpm; .../ (pm? 118)
26/ BudwfrSef½GufESifh tpmvnf;aq;? aq;vnf;tpm ...
BudwfrSef½Gufudk ...
1/ vufokyf vkyfpm;yg ...
2/ [if;csKd? [if;cg; csufaomufyg ...
3/ rD;Nrd§Kuf? jyKwf? tpdrf;wdkY? jr§Kyfpm;yg ...
4/ rkefYESpfESifh trsKd;rsKd;aMumfpm;yg ...
5/ [if;xJ xnfhcsufpm;yg/ [if;&nfyspfí t&om&Sdygonf .../
47
þodkY rMumcP *½kpdkufí pm;ay;jcif;jzifh wpftdrfom;vkH; usef;rm&Tifvef;í a&m*gaygif; ajrmufrsm;pGm

ruyfNidEdkifawmhyg/ wpftdrfom;vkH; tom;ta&Munfvifpdkajyolrsm;tjzpf wtHhwMo awGU&ygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 127)
27/ ESif;clESifh 'EÅokc

'EÅokc t½Gufpdrf;ukd t&nfn§pf (wpfusyfom;cefY)/ xef;vsuf? ESrf;qDESifh a&mpyfívdrf;NyD; ywfwD;
pnf;xm;yg/ tudkuf raysmufrjcif; rcGm&/ rMumrD tudkuf aysmufoGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ qufvufí þtwdkif;
vdrf;ay;yg .../ (pm? 131)
28/ qD;yl? qD;enf;? aoG;ygESifh 'EÅokc

'EÅokcwpfyifvkH; tajcmufcHNyD; vufzufajcmufuJhodkY cwfaomufyg/ okH;&uftwGif; &Sif;&Sif; aysmufuif;
ygonf .../ (pm? 131)
o Q o Q o
48
(8) rD;zkdacsmifrSaq;pGrf;aumif;rsm; ('kwd,wGJ) ...

(14)Budrfajrmuf? 1996? Edk0ifbmv/ wefzdk; 150usyf/ 0HomEkOD;ysKdifpmay .../
1/ qD;csKyf? qD;atmifhESifh uñGwfO ...

uñGwfESifh &SOfhrwuf twlwlyifjzpf\/ ajrrSxGufump tñGefYtan§mufudk ]]uñGwf}} [kac:NyD; t½Gufrsm;
jzma0í wufvmaomtyifudk ]]&SOfhrwufyif}} [kac:onf/ uñGwfOudk a&ESifh ig;ykHwpfykH (ig;cGufwpfcGufwif)
jyKwfaomufyg .../ (pm? 16)
2/ ausmufwnfa&m*gESifh uñGwfO ...

uñGwfO owåK&nfESifh tav;wl EGm;EdkY a&maomufcJhaomf MumjrifhpGm pGJuyfaeaom ausmufwnfa&m*g
aysmufuif;Edkifonf .../ (pm? 16)
3/ rD;,yfa&m*gESifh uñGwfO ...

uñGwfO owåK&nfESifh ysm;&nfa&mí aomufcJhaomf (trsKd;orD;) a,medylavmifjcif;? aMu;eDa&mif&dSaom
rD;,yfaoG;ysufrsm; usqif;jcif;wdkYudk aysmufuif;Edkifygonf .../ (pm? 16)
(owåK&nf = a&rxnfhbJ uñGwfO oufoufrS n§pf,lí &aomt&nf .../)
4/ aoG;wkd;a&m*gESifh c&myif ...
yifv,furf;ajc a&iefpyfü ckwfí rEdkifavmufatmif aygufaeaomtyif ... c&myifrS c&mtjrpfudk
qefaq;&nfESifh aoG;í eHeuf tMurf;yef;uefvkH; wpfvkH;? tdyf&m0if tMurf;yef;uefvkH; wpfvkH; aomufay;yg/
odkYaomf ¤if;aq;wpfcGufaomufNyD;vQif udk,hfudk,fudkcsifhcsdefí qufaomufoifhrS aomufyg/ aoG;tus
vGefoGm;wwfonf/ 0ufom;ESifh tiefudka&Smifyg/
]]bkr®&mZm}} onf aoG;wdk;a&m*gü ]]c&mjrpf}} uJhodkY vsifjrefxda&mufaom wefcdk;owdå r&dSyg/
aoG;wdk;a&m*g &Sifrsm; vufawGU prf;oyfMunfhyg/ aq;\ wefcdk;owdåudk tHhMozG,f&m od&dSvmygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 61)
5/ vQmem (cHwGif;ysufjcif;) ESifh c&rf;csOfoD; ...

vQmay:wGif tjzLa&mif t&dt&GJrsm; zkH;tkyfí cHwGif;ysufaeaomf c&rf;csOfoD;t&nfudk odaE¨mtenf;i,f
xnfhí aomufay;ygu vsifjrefpGm aysmufuif;ygonf .../ (pm? 65)
6/ cHwGif;ysuf (vQmem) ESifh *kHrif; ...

*kHrif;jrpfudk qm;ESifh vQmt&if;txdyGwfvdrf;í vQmudkEIdufay;yg/ csufcsif; pm;aumif;? aomufaumif;
jzpfvmEdkifygonf .../ (pm? 70)
7/ qifajcaxmufa&m*gESifh r½dk;yif (ijzLBuD;) ...

ijzLBuD;jrpfudk qefykH;&nfjzifh aoG;í yg;yg;vdrf;ygu aysmuf\/ aomufaq;rSm ijzLBuD;½GufESifh odaE¨mudk
qwljyKí ajrtdk; t0us,fus,fwGif xnfhí tdk;0udkydwfNyD; rD;jzifh uRrf;atmifzkwfyg/ ,if;jymESifh 'defcsOfa&m
aomufygu qifajcaxmufa&m*g aysmufonf .../ (pm? 81)
8/ wif;wdyfESifh ijzLBuD;tap; ...

rsufESmwGif wif;wdyfrsm;&dSygu eEGif;ESifh ijzLBuD;tap;udk aoG;í vdrf;ay;ygu aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 81)
49
9/ temaygufaq;ESifh ijzLBuD;tap; ...

ijzLBuD; (r½dk;) ap;udk raygufEdkifaom temrsm;wGif wifay;ygu temrSm csufcsif;jynfaygufí temwGif; &dS
raumif;aom tnpftaMu; tm;vkH;udkvnf; pm;oGm;ayonf .../ (pm? 87)
10/ tm;aq;ESifh iSufaysmoD;zD;Murf; ...

iSufaysmoD; zD;Murf;aysmfaysmfudk ESrf;qDESifh eDatmif ausmfí aeYpOfe,fNyD;pm; .../ (pm? 49)
11/ tom;0gESifh pyg;vif ...

*Ref;'pf (ac:) qD;aMumifhjzpfaom tom;0ga&m*gtwGuf pyg;vifudk vufwGif;wpfqkyf? qkyfí tNrD;?
acgif;jzwfNyD; a&ESifh okH;cGufwpfcGufwifBudKí wpfaeYvQif okH;Budrfxufrenf; wdkufay;yg/ okH;&ufaphvQif odod
omom xl;jcm;aysmufuif;ygvdrfhrnf/ vufawGUenf;jzpfygonf/ a&m*gjzpfyGm;pOf qDygaom[if;vsmrsm;udk txl;
owdjyK a&SmifMuOfyg .../ (pm? 103)
12/ &aohBuD;OD;cEÅD\ (96)yg;aq; ...

ikoD;? refusnf;oD;pdrf;? qD;jzLoD; wpfydómpDudk qm;avSmf ig;q,fom;jzifh oratmif arTNyD;vQif
qD;oD;cefYvkH;NyD; ykvif;wGif xnfhxm;yg/ wpfvkH;jzpfap? wpfjcrf;jzpfap aeYpOf pm;av/ (96)yg;a&m*g aysmufuif;\
.../ (pm? 103)
13/ qD;csKyf? qD;atmifhE Sifh w½kwfpum;yGifh ...

w½kwfpum;yGifhteDudk ajcmufvSef;NyD; vufzufajcmufuJhokdY cwfaomufyg .../ (pm? 112)
14/ vQmyGwfaq; (cHwGif;ysufa&m*g) ESifh w½kwfpum;yGifh ...

w½kwfpum;acgufudk aoG;í vQmyGwfay;yg/ zsm;emNyD; emvefx cHwGif;ysufa&m*g aumif;vSygonf .../ (pm?
112)
15/ qifwkH;rEG,fcsufaq; (ÓmPf&SdovkdokH;) ...

qifwkH;rEG,fudk EkwfEkwfpOf;í a&ESifh txyfxyf usKdcsufNyD; anmifap;usonftxd csufí ÓmPf&Sdovkd
pm;okH;oGm;ygav .../ (pm? 114)
16/ rD;,yfjzLESifh qifwkH;rEG,f ...

qifwkH;rEG,fudk jyKwfíaomfvnf;aumif;? wpfnodyfpdrfífaomfvnf;aumif; aomufyg .../ (pm? 115)
17/ ESvkH;wkefjcif;? pdwfacsmufjcm;jcif;ESifh qifwkH;rEG,f? jrif;cGm½Guf ...

qifwkH;rEG,fESifh jrif;cGm½GufjyKwfNyD; aomufyg/ ESvkH;wkefjcif;? pdwfacsmufjcm;jcif;aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 115)
18/ udk,fa&0ga&m*g (tom;0g) ESifh qifwkH;rEG,ft½Guf? 'defcsOf ...

qifwkH;rEG,ft½Gufudk Budwfí 'defcsOfESifh aomufyg/ vsifjrefpGmaysmuf\ .../
(wwd,tBudrf jrefrmEdkifiH aq;okawoe aqG;aEG;yGJ? 21?3?1969/ aq;odyHÜcef;rBuD;ü OD;jr0if; zwfMum;onfh
pmwrf; aumufEIwfcsuf .../) (pm? 116)
19/ qifclvnfjywfESifh qifwkH;rEG,f ...
qifwkH;rEG,fukd aoG;í rMum? rMumvdrf;ay;yg .../
50
(1976ckESpf? azazmf0g&Dvxkwf jr0wDr*¾Zif;rS eef;ñGefYaqG\ aqmif;yg;? jrefrmynm&dS q&mBuD;OD;*kPfbPf\

udk,fawGUrS .../) (pm? 116)
20/ xkHepdka&m*gESifh qifwkH;rEG,f ...
xkHepdka&m*g\vu©PmrSm pm;íaumif;jcif;? tdyfaysmfjcif;? "mwfcsKyfoefjcif;? toHrxGufjcif;? udk,fum,
atmufydkif; xkHusOfudkufcJ? av;vH? azma&mifjcif;wdkYjzpfygonf/
,if;a&m*gtwGuf qifwkH;rEG,f 1ydómudk EkyfEyk fpOf;í qefykH;&nf 1 ydóm? qm; 20usyfom;xnfhí
cef;atmifvSef;NyD; trIefYjyKyg/ avvkHaom ykvif;wGifxnfhí vufzuf&nfZGef;i,fESifh wpfaeYokH;Budrf rSefrSef pm;oGm;yg/
&uftenf;i,ftwGif; aysmufuif;oGm;ygrnf .../ (pm? 116)
(orm;awmfpmapmif (7 - 10) OD;xGef;vIdif rtlyifNrdKU\ wdkif;&if;aq;ynmESD;aESmyGJBuD;wGif zwfMum; wifjyonfh
pmwrf;rS aumufEkwfcsuf .../)
21/ avief;ESifh qifwkH;rEG,f? &Sm;apmif;vufyyf? ysm;&nf ...
&Sm;apmif;vufyyf\ ig;q? qifwkH;rEG,fudk xnfhí ysm;&nfESifh Budwfpm;aomf aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 117)
22/ rD;,yfydefvsufqm;ESifh qifwkH;rEG,f ...

qifwkH;rEG,f 1ydómudk tajr§;cGmxm;/ qm;okH;q,fom; xyfavmif;xnfh? aygif;jyKvdkuf? aeaoGUvSef;?
a&cef;rS rIefYjyK&m rD;,yfydef[lorQ uRJ? EGm;rSrvGwf ay;vQufzdkY&m a0'ema&m*guGm? ydefajcmufol pdkvm&onf
aq;rsm;oeif; .../ (pm? 117)
23/ ava&m*gESifh qD;oD; ...

bk&m;&Sif ava&m*gjzpfí &SiftmeE´mtm; ytkef;&nf tvªcHap&m orm;awmfwpfOD;u qD;oD;udk av;cGuf
wpfcGufwifusKdí qufuyf vª'gef;onfukd bkOf;ay;&í bk&m;&Sif avema&m*g aysmufawmfrlavonf .../ (pm? 134)
24/ rsufpda&m*gESifh wrmoD; ...

wrm&nfukd ... rsufpdü cwfay;cJhaomf rsufpd,m;,Hjcif;? yljcif;? rsuf&nfylusjcif;wkdYukd aysmufuif;
apygonf .../ (pm? 142)
25/ qD;a&m*gESifh wrmoD; ...

wrmoD;ukd aeYpOf pm;ay;yg ... qD;a&m*gaysmufuif;onf .../ (pm? 142)
26/ jrif;o½dkufem\ vu©Pm ...

0rf;roGm;bJ avcsKyfjcif;? wpfcgw&H 0rf;AkdufESifh &ifrSmjynfhusyfaejcif;? NrD;an§mifhESifh cg;qpfpDrS udkufcJí?
0rf;rSm ... yspfcRJ? aoG;ovdyfuJhokdY oGm;jcif;? &Hzef ... pjrif;? &Hzef ... aoG;qif;jcif;wkdYonf ... jrif;o½kdufem\
vu©Pmrsm;yifwnf; .../ (pm? 143)
27/ &Sm;apmif;vufywfESifh a&m*gtrsKd;rsKd; ...

umrpdwfcef;ajcmufa&m*g? rD;,yfydef? rD;,yfvGef? rD;,yfenf;? tjzLqif;? rpm;csif raomufcsifjzpfjcif;?
ydefBuHKjcif;? rl;a0atmhtefavh&Sdjcif;? tpGJyluyfouJhokdY jzpfjcif;? oaEÿsuf jcif;? usef;rmygvsuf oaE¨rwnfjcif;?
om;tdrftm;enf;jcif;? EkdYxGuftm;enf;jcif;? rD;,yfa0'emtrsKd;rsKd;? a,mufsm; 'lvma&m*g .../
51
þa&m*gtrsKd;rsKd;twGuf &Sm;apmif;vufyyf 25usyfom;ukd ... ysm;&nf 50usyfom;wGif xnfhí pdrfxm;/

wpfaeY ESpfZGef;cefY pm;yg/ tm;enf;olrsm;twGuf &Sm;apmif;vufyyfukd ... tcGHrETmbJ a&pifatmifaq;NyD; EkyfEkyfpOf;í
ysm;&nfwGif pdrfxm;yg .../ (pm? 145)
(wpfenf;) ... &Sm;apmif;vufyyf? ysm;&nf? axmywf? xef;vsuf? EGm;EdkY þig;yg;ukd qwla&mí ajrtkd;ESifh
jzpfap ... aMu;tkd;ESifhjzpfap ... tkd;oefYoefYwGif rwl;rjcpfatmif csufí? eHeuf? nOfh ... wpfaeY ESpfZGef;cefY pm;ygav
.../ (pm? 145)
(wpfenf;) ... &Sm;apmif;vufyyf tESpfwpfydóm? xef;vsuf 5usyfom;? ysm;&nf 35usyfom;? EGm;EdkY
tpdwfom;? axmywftpdwfom; ... tm;vkH;ukd rwl;rjcpfatmifcsufí prkefrsKd;ig;yg; toifhtwifh xnfhNyD; pm;ygav/
aoG;? 0rf;? qD;? av ... "mwfav;yg; rQwygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 146)
28/ 'lvm? rD;,yftm;wdk;aq;ESifh &Sm;apmif;vufyyf ...

&Sm;apmif;vufyyf tESpf1 ydóm? xef;vsuf25usyfom;? ysm;&nf 25usyfom;? refusnf;rSnfh 25usyfom;
prkefrsKd;ig;yg; &SpfyJom;pD? oratmifarTí tkd;oefYoefYwGif rwl;rjcpfatmifcsufyg/ t&omaumif;NyD;
aq;aMumufwwfaom trsKd;orD;rsm;yifvsif t&omawGUíBuKd ufESpfoufpGm pm;ygvdrfhrnf.../
eHeuf? nOfh ... wpfaeY (2)Budrf pm;ygav/ "mwfaysmhaysmhoGm;í a,mufsm;? rdef;rpm;okH;Ekdifygonf/ tpmaMu?
&ifacsmif? qD;? 0rf;? avrSefí ... "mwfav;yg;rQwapygonf .../ (pm? 146)
("mwfav;yg; = qD;? 0rf;? aoG;? av ) .../
29/ wnif;oD;qm;pdrf&nfESifh qD;csKda&m*g...

wnif;oD;qm;pdrf&nfukdaomuf qD;csKda&m*gaysmufuif;onf/ qD;csKda&m*g[lonfrSm trsKd;tpm;rsm;
vSonf/ qD;vGefí teHYr&Sdaom a&iwfonfh qD;csKda&m*gtwGufom aumif;onf/ tjcm;qD;csKda&m*gtwGuf
tusKd;rjyKay .../ ( pm? 151)
30/ (96)yg;aq;BuD;ESifh xef;vsuf? MuufoGef ...

xef;vsuf 15usyfom;? rif;wkef;MuufoGefOeDuav; "m;ESifhvSD;NyD; 5usyfom;? odaE¨mqm; trIefYjyK
wpfrwfom;? ¤if;aq;tr,frsm;ukd EGm;axmywf 10usyfom;? MuufoGef ruRrf;½kHaMumfí rD;zkdrScsum tat;cHNyD;
ysm;&nf 10usyfom;ESifh pyfe,fum zefAl;ESifh xnfhxm;yg/ aeYpOf ... eHeuf? aeYvnf? tdyf,m0if vufzuf&nfZGef;ESifh
wpfZGef;armufarmuf pm;oHk;yg .../ ( pm? 154)
aysmufuif;aoma&m*grsm;rSm ...
(1) toHrxGuf? toHysuf ...
(2) aoG;0rf; ...
(3) tpmrSm;?aq;rSm; ...
(4) qD;csKda&m*gtrsKd;rsKd; ...
(5) umrpdwfukefcrf;aoma&m*g ...
(6) qHyifjzL ...
(7) qHyifuRwf ...
(8) temayguf ...
(9) aoG;om;rrSef ...
(10) ta&jym;a&m*g ...
(11) aoG;qkH;a&m*g ...
(12) tom;ta&mifnpfjcif; ...
(13) tdyfraysmf? pm;r0if ...
52
(14) acR;ikyfa&m*g ... ponfwkdYjzpfygonf .../ (pm? 154)
31/ yef;emaq;ESifh MuufoGefeD? yifpdrf;? xef;vsuf ...

xef;vsuf? MuufoGefeD? awmyifpdrf;½Guf okH;yg;udk nufatmifBudwfNyD;vQif qD;jzLoD;cefY pm;ygav .../
(pm? 156)
32/ ausmufwnfa&m*gESifh ukef;xdu½kH; ...

tjrpfukd jyKwfaomufcJhaomf ... ausmufukdaysmfí uGJusaponf .../ (pm? 159)
33/ vdyfacgif;jrif;o½kdufemESifh ukef;xdu½kH; ...
ukef;xdu½kH;t½Guf 12yJom;ukd? trIefYjyKí EkdYESifha&maomufyg/ jrif;o½kduf vdyfacgif;a&m*gwkdYtwGuf
tusKd;jyKonf .../ (pm? 159)
34/ qD;vGefa&m*gESifh ukef;xdu½kH; ...

ukef;xdu½kH;t½Gufukd Budwfí qD;ckHwGif tkHay;cJhaomf qD;vGefa&m*gaysmufuif;onf .../ (pm? 159)
35/ ESif;claysmufaq;ESifh ukef;xdu½kH; ...

xdu½kH; yÍöig;yg;ukd tuRrf;avSmfNyD; trIefYaxmif;? tkef;qDESifhazsmf? rD;aEG;aEG;jyNyD; vdrf;vQifaysmuf\ .../
(pm? 160)
36/ tazmusaq;ESifh ukef;xdu½kH; ...
xdu½kH;wpfyifvkH; (yÍöig;yg; ) ukdBudwfí ... a&tenf;i,fESifh yspfyspfazsmf? MuufawmifESifhvl;ay;yg .../ (pm?
160)
37/ temyqkyfESifh xdu½kH; ...

xdu½kH;&nfukd vdrf;ygav .../ (pm? 160)
38/ 0NzKd;vSyapaomaxmywfaq; ...

axmywf? ysm;&nf? oMum;? xef;vsuf 5 usyfom;pDukd? ayG;ukdif; 5usyfom;ESifh awNyD; zefAl;wGif xnfhí
uGrf;oD;vkH;cefY aeYpOf pm;okH;yg/ "mwfav;yg; nDñGwfapNyD; vSy0NzdK;vmygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 163)
39/ aoG;tm;wkd;aq;BuD;ESifh axmywf ...

axmywf 10usyfom;ukd usufatmifcsuf? MuufoGefeD 10usyfom;? &Sm;apmif;vufyyf 10usyfom;?
,if;ESpfyg; tnufaxmif;NyD; xnfhyg/ xkdYaemuf ...ysm;&nf? xef;vsuf 10usyfom;pD xnhfNyD; rwl;rjcpfatmifcsuf/
<uufNrD;wef;vsifcs .../
eHeuf? nOfh ... [if;pm;ZGef; wpfZGef;pD aeYpOf okH;oGm;yg .../ (pm? 163)
40/ touf&Snfawaq;BuD;ESifh axmywf ...
53
axmywf? ysm;&nf? qm;ykyf? refusnf;oD;rSnfh ... ,if;av;rsdK; wpfq,fom;pD ... oratmifawNyD;

aeokH;&ufvSef;í eHeuf? nOfh qD;uif;cefYpm;/ "mwfav;yg; nDñGwfNyD; usef;rm0NzdK; tiftm;wkd;aq;BuD; jzpfygonf
.../ (pm? 163)
41/ tdyfraysmfjcif;ESifh axmywf ...

axmywfxrif;csufpm;yg ... axmywfESifh xrif;ukde,fpm;yg .../ ( pm? 163)
o Q o Q o
54
(9) aq;NrD;wkda&mifjcnf (1)

eu©wåa&mifjcnfr*¾Zif;? pmwnf;tzJGU
yxrtBudrf? 2005? rwfv/ wefzkd; 500usyf/ eu©wåa&mifjcnfpmtkyfwkduf .../
1/ oGm;zkH;a&mifESifh xkH; ...

a&mifaeaom oGm;zkH;ae&mwGifuGrf;pm;xHk;ukd okwfxm;vkdufyg/ cPtMumwGif oGm;zkH;tm; vufjzifh
tomt,m zdcsvkduf&m jynfaygufoGm;NyD; ta&miftwif; eDjref;jcif;rsm; r&dSawmhbJ oufom
aysmufuif;oGm;ygonf/ xkH;onf at;onfukd ylapí ylonfukd at;apaom owåd&Sdonf/ aemufNyD;
avmifpm;wwfaom owådvnf;&Sdonf .../ aeYpOf ZJG&dS&dS vkyfygu uyfy,ftdwf rlvtajctaeodkY
jyefa&mufoGm;vdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 13)
2/ rkwfa&m*g? abmBuD;a&m*gESifh 'DZ,fqD? ESrf;qD ...

trsKd;om;rsm; uyfy,ftdwf BuD;xGm;vmjcif;jzpfonf/ 'DZ,f 1ZGef;? ESrf;qD 1ZGef; oratmifa&mNyD; *Grf;ESifh
wkdYum uyfy,ftdwf wpfckvkH;ukd ae&mtESHY yg;yg;okwfvdrf;yg/ wpfaeY (7)BudrfcefY vdrf;vQif tqD&nfrsm;
pdrfhxGufvmvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 13)
3/ oGm;udkufa&m*gESifh &J,kdoD;jym ...

&J,kdoD;ukd tajcmufvSef; jymcsyg/ jymukd EkaeatmifcsNyD;rS oGm;xJukdodyfyg .../ (pm? 17)
4/ ,m;em? wif;wdyf? 0JESif;clESifh oyGwfcg; ...

oyGwfcg;oD;tpkdESifh 0JESif;clae&mtm; Budrfzefrsm;pGm yGwfwkdufay;jcif;jzifh ,m;em[lorQ ... wpfcPtwGif;
odompGm aysmufuif;apygonf .../ (pm? 20)
5/ avjzwf? pum;roGufjcif;ESifh oyGwfcg;oD; ...

avjzwfolrsm; pum;ajymqkdrI roGufvufvQif oyGwfcg;tpkdtm; aeYpOf ykHrSefeif;ay;½kHESifh odomxif&Sm;pGm
oufomaysmufuif;apygonf .../ (pm? 20)
6/ qD;yl?qD;atmifhESifh eEGif;rIefY? qD;jzLoD;? ysm;&nf ...

(1) eEGif;rIefY ... 1usyfom;cefY
(2) qD;jzLoD; ... 10vkH;cefYudk owåK&nfñSpf,lyg/
(3) ysm;&nf ... 2usyfom;cefY
txufyg okH;rsKd;ukd a<uyef;uefxJ xnfhNyD; rMumcP vsufay;yg/ a&rsm;rsm; aomufay;yg/ 2&uf ESifh
oufom aysmufuif;ygonf/ tyltpyfjzpfaom csif;? i½kwf? MuufoGef avQmhpm;yg .../ ( pm? 25)
7/ oGm;ukdufa&m*gESifh uyfpD;ESJoD;trIefY ...

csKHawmwkd;&if uyfap;ESJoD;awG uyfygvmwwfygw,f/ tJ'DuyfapESJoD;ukd uRrf;atmifavSmf? trIefYaxmif; NyD;
ykvif;eYJxnfh oGm;udkuf&ifodyf/ (5)rdepftwGif; oufomaysmufuif;ygonf .../ ( pm? 35)
8/ acgif;udkufjcif;ESifh iSufaysmoD;tpdrf; ...

acgif;xkd;? acgif;ukdufojzifh ezl;? exifponfwGif w'def;'def;rnfaeouJokdY cHpm;ae&aomtcg
iSufaysmoD;tpdrf;tm; yg;yg;vSD;í em;xifwGif uyfxm;ygu cPcsif;yif a0'emoufomapygonf/ iSufaysmoD;
ajcmufoGm;vQif topfvJuyfyg .../ (pm? 49)
55
9/ "mwfrwnfhí ,m;,Hjcif;ESifh qefvufwpfqkyf? eEGif;rIefY ...

ydef;½kd;? ydef;O? acG;v,m;½Gufponf ,m;,Hapaom opfO? opf½Gufrsm; xdudkifrdí ta&jym;,m;,Hygu qef
vufwpfqkyfcefYwGif eEGif;rIefY tenf;i,f xnfhí? yGwfe,fay;ygu t,m;t,Haysmufaponf .../ (pm? 50)
10/ 0rf;avQm? 0rf;ukdufESifh a&aEG;Murf;? ysm;&nf ...

Budrfzefrsm;pGm 0rf;oGm;? 0rf;udkuf? tpm;rSm;? 0rf;avQmjcif;rsm;twGuf vufzufajcmuf (tMurf;) usus?
wpfzefcGuftwGif;rSm ysm;&nf wpfzefcGuf\ okH;ykHwpfykHcefY a&mpyfum 0rf;oGm;wkdif; aomufay;yg/ okH;Budrfxuf
ykdaomuf&jcif;r&Sd/ 0rf;&yf? avvnfí oufomaysmufuif;ap\ .../ (pm? 52)
11/ oGm;a&m*gESifh wrm½kd; ...

tbGm;[m ...aeYwkdif; wrm½kd;eJY oGm;wkdufay;wm tkdwJhtxd aooGm;onfhwkdifatmif oGm;rusKd;?
oGm;rukdufbJ ckdifcefYoGm;ygw,f .../ (pm? 63)
12/ 'lvmvdyfacgif;? aoG;0rf;ESifh tifwGJrIefY? xef;vsuf ...

tifwGJvufwpfqpfcefY? xef;vsufwpfcJ (taysmh)/ tifwGJrIefYESifh xef;vsuftaysmhukd a&mvkH;í rdrd
rsKdEkdifavmufonfh t&G,f (3)vkH; vHk;yg/ a&at;? a&aEG; BudKuf&mESifh wpfcgaomuf (3)vkH;/ wpfBudrf? ESpfBudrf
aomuf½kHrQESifh ododomom oufom aysmufuif;ygonf .../ (pm? 61)
13/ qD;yla&m*gESifh aumuf½kd;jyKwf? oMum; ...

tyl'Pf cH&vGef;ívnf;aumif;? tanmif;xkdif&vGef;ívnf;aumif;? atmifhxm;&vGef;íaomfvnf;aumif;?
&ufvMumcJhaomf ... qD;0g? qD;eD? qD;atmifh? qD;wpfpufwpfpufjzpfjcif;? qD;oGm;ír0jcif;? qD;usefjcif;? qD;ckd;½kdufí
rsufpda0jcif;? rIefjcif;jzpfcJhvQif pyg;yifrS &aomaumuf½kd; vufwGif;wpfqkyfukd tMurf;yef;uefvkH;ESifh
okH;cGufwpfcGufwifusef jyKwfNyD; oMum;ig;rwfom; xnfhaomufyg/ a0'em ESpf? vESifh csDí MumcJhNyDqkdvQif (2)&uf rS
(5)&uftwGif; aomuf&rnfjzpfNyD; a0'em&ufykdif;twGif;qkdygu (1)BudrfrQESifh oufom aysmufuif;ygonf/ eHeuf? n
(2)Budrf? wpfBudrfvQif tMurf;yef;uefwpfvkH; aomufyg .../ (pm? 72)
14/ om;onfrdcifrsm; EkdYacsmif;ydwfESifh i½kwf½GufjyKwf&nftaiGU ...

i½kwf½Guf vufwGif;wpfqkyfukd ajrtkd;i,fwGif a&tenf;i,fxnfhí a&qlvmatmifjyKwfyg/ qlvQiftkd;ukd
rD;zkday:rScsNyD; tkd;rsufESm0ukd t0wfpnf;yg/ om;onfrdcifonf apmifxlxl acgif;NrD;jcKHxkdifNyD; t0wfpnf;xm;onfh
i½kwf½GufjyKwf&nftkd;ukd t0wfxlxlcHí aygifay:wifxm;NyD; i½kwf½GufjyKwf&nf taiGUukd ydwfonfh EkdYoD;acgif;
atmufü (15)rdepfrS rdepf (20)cefY cHay;&rnf/ wpfaeY (2)Budrf (odkY) (3)Budrfxd vkyfyg .../ tvG,fwul oufom
aysmufuif;Ekdifygonf .../ (pm? 73)
15/ rD;avmifemESifh iSufaysmoD;rSnfh ...

rD;avmif? a&aEG;ylavmif? xrif;a&yl avmifygu avmifaomae&mukd iSufaysmoD;rSnfhtkHay;yg/ at;í tylzk
raygufbJ rMumrDaysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 90)
16/ ajcz0g;uGJtufemESifh aq;uwå&m ( coata) ...

ajcz0g;uGJtufemukd aq;uwå&m (coata) vdrf;ay;yg/ trSefyif oufomaysmufuif;ygonf .../ (pm? 103)
17/ touf&SLusyf? armyef;jcif;ESifh a&SmufoD;tEk ...
56
vQmrSm ovdyfuyfNyD; jzLvmr,f ... xlvmr,fqkd&if touf&SLr0awmhbl; ...acsmif;rqkd;bJ &ifusyfwJh

arma&m*g&JU Zpfjrpfvu©PmyJ/ a&SmufEkoD;t&nfeJY vQmukdyGwfay;yg/ tjzLa&mifukefNyD; eDjref;vmonftxd wpfywfrS
okH;ywfavmuftxd vkyfyg/ touf&SL0NyD; usyfwm? armwm? oufomr,f? xrif;pm;ysufwmjyefaumif; oGm;r,f/
wpfvrMumcif bmaq;rS raomuf&bJ aysmufuif;oGm;ygvdrfr,f .../ ( pm? 120)
18/ aq;zuf0ifBudwfrSef ...

(1) trsKdorD;rsm; BudwfrSef½Gufukd a&aEG;azsmí wkdYjr§Kyfpm;jcif;? t½Gufukd t&dyfwGif tajcmufvSef;í
vufzufajcmuftpm; a&aEG;Murf;jyKí aomufjcif;jzifh aoG;om;nDñGwfítdyfaysmfapygonf .../
(2) t&G,fa&mufNyD; trsKdorD;rsm; BudwfrSef½Gufukd tpdrf; (okdY) a&aEG;azsmí wpfv (2)BudrfcefY yJrIefY?
qDcsufwkdYjzifh okyfpm;ygu &moDrSefonf .../
(3) om;zGm;NyD;p rdcifrsm; BudwfrSef½Gufukd [if;cg;csufaomufygu EkdYxGufoefapygonf .../
(4) ae&dyfwGif tajcmufvSef;xm;aom BudwfrSef½Gufukd tkef;qDwGif pdrfxm;ygu ta&mifrsm; pdrf;arSmifvmygrnf/
¤if;ukd vdrf;ay;ygu yGJvrf;oGm;pOf cPwmtwGuf jzLaeaom qHyifrsm; teufa&mif oef;oGm;apjcif; .../
(5) av;? ig;&uf ... qHyifjzLrsm; eufoGm;apvkdygu BudwfrSef½GufajcmufrIefY? zefcg;oD;? qD;jzLoD;ajcmufrIefY?
vufzufajcmufrIefY? jrif;cGm½GufrIefY? axmvywf½GufajcmufrIefYrsm;ukd qwla&mí tkef;qDwGif pdrfNyD;vdrf;yg/
(6) temaysmufaomfvnf; temae&mwGif c½koif;uJhokdY jzLaeygu BudwfrSef½Gufpdrf;&nf yspfyspfukdvdrf;ygu
rlvtom;ta&mif jyefjzpfjcif; .../ (pm? 105)
19/ om;onfrdcifrsm; EkdYacsmif;ydwfESifh &J,dk½Guf ...

om;onfrdcifrsm; EkdYacsmif;ydwfjcif;? EkdYaumifpGmrxGufjcif; pwJha0'emawGYMuHKawGYygu &J,dk½Guf 4? 5 ½Gufukd
jyKwfNyD; wkdYpm;? okyfpm;ay;jcif;jzifh oufomapEkdifonf .../ (pm? 69)
(pmukd;? vjynfh0ef;r*¾Zif;? trSwf...124/ 2006 ' march . pmrsufESm 69 ...)
20/ tckd;ydwf? taMumwif;a&m*gESifh uGrf;½kd; ...
uGrf;½kd; vufwpfqkyf? ESpfqkyfpmukd a&wpftkd;avmufeJYjyKwf/ qlyGufvm&if tat;cH/ cyfaEG;aEG;vkyfNyD;
tESHavmif;csKd;/ tckd;yGifhí vef;qef;ayghyg; oGufvufvmygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 110 )
21/ ESvHk;tm;aumif;onfh cs&m; (okdY) ca& ...

cs&m;ESifh ca&rSm twlwlyifjzpfygonf/
(1) rdwfrsm;xGufvGef;í,m;vQif? rdwfBuD;rsm;xGufíraeEkdif? rxkdifEkdifjzpfvQif...
ca&yGifhESifh qm;ukdaoG;vdrf;ay;yg .../
(2) ESvkH;a&m*g&Sdolrsm; ca&yGifhajcmufukd acgif;tkH;vkyf tdyfyg/
a&m*gEkvQif aysmuf\/ &ifhvQifoufom\ .../
(3) tyGifhukd tNrJ&SLí tacguf\ twGif;om;ukd jyKwfí aomufay;ygu
ESvkH;a&m*gukd aysmufuif;apygonf .../
(4) ca&acgufukd oHk;cGufwpfcGufwifjyKwfí tMurf;yef;uefwpfvkH; wpfaeokH;Budrfaomufyg/
qD;wGif tESpfte,fygjcif;ukd aysmufuif;apygonf .../
(5) ca&acgufukd pdrfí tat;&nf (azsmf&nf) jyKvkyfaomufay;jcif;jzifh qD;tdrfESifh qD;vrf;aMumif;rS
anmif;usjcif;? a&m*gukd aysmufapygonf .../ (pm? 114)
22/ pkdajyjynfhNzKd;? tiftm;wkd;ESifh &Sm;apmif;vufyyfcsufaq; ...

tom;ta& pkdajyjynfhNzKd;? tiftm;wkd;í vef;qef;? zsufvwfaeaponfh &Sm;apmif;vwfyyfcsufaq; .../
57
(1) &Sm;apmif;vufyyf ... 1 ydóm

(2) xef;zkdOD;xef;vsuf ... 40 usyfom;
(3) refusn;f rSnhf ... 5 usyo f m;
(4) MuufoeG jf zL ... 5 usyo f m;
(5) BudwfrSef½GufrIefY (t&dyfxJvSef;) ... 1 usyfom;
(6) prkefrsKd; (5)yg; trIefY ... 1 usyfom;
(7) ESrf;qDppfppf ... 2.5 usyfom;
(8) ysm;&nf ... csdefqxnfh
1/ &Sm;apmif;vufyyfukd a&pifatmifaq;yg/ ab;rSapmif; (ql;) rsm;ukd "m;jzifh vSD;ypfyg/ EkvQifyg;yg; vSD;yg/ &ifhu
tom;ukd jcpf,lNyD; wkH;yg/ tJ'D ... vSD;NyD;om;rsm;ukd ',ftkd;xJxnfhí rD;zkday: wifNyD; jyKwfyg/
2/ xGufvmaom t&nfrsm;ukd qefcgckH;eJY ppf,lyg/ 'Dt&nfrsm;ukd xef;vsufa&mNyD; aMuoGm;atmif BuKdyg/
aMuoGm;ygu ydwfpjzifh ppf,lyg .../
3/ apmapmu &Sm;vufyyftzwfrsm;ukd ydwfpeJY ppf,lxm;wJh t&nfrsm;ESifh BudKyg/
4/ refusnf;rSnfhukda&pifatmifaq;NyD; tESpfwkdufcsyg (qefcgjzifh)/ 'DtESpfrsm;ukd t&nfcef;vkeD;yg;jzpfwJh xef;vsuf?
&Sm;apmif;vufyyftkd;xJ xnfhNyD;a&musKdyg .../
5/ OwpfvkH;MuufoGefjzLukd aygif;tkd;ESifh aygif;yg/ aMunufatmifajcay;yg? aMunufoGm;ygu t&nfcef;vkvk
&Sm;apmif;vufyyf? xef;vsuf? refusnf;rSnfh&Sd&m tkd;xJxnfhyg /
6/ 'Dtdk;ukd rD;enf;enf;eJY rjywfarTay;yg/ t&nfcef;u prkefrsKd; (5)yg; trIeYfxnfhNyD; arTyg/
7/ tkd;cscgeD; ESrf;qDppfppfxnfhNyD; oratmifarTyg? aemufwaeYrSm ... ysm;&nf avmif;xnfhNyD; oratmifarTay;yg/
ysm;&nfukd csdefqNyD;xnfhyg.../
wpfBudrfvQif ... [if;pm;ZGef;wpf0uf eHeuf? n (2)Budrf rSD0Jyg/ EkysdKNyD; OD;aESmufÓmPfukd &Tifapygw,f/
ukefcef; tm;tifrsm; jyefjynfhapygw,f/ tom;ta& jynfhNzKd;pkdajyvmum vef;qef;jzwfvwfaeygvdrfhr,f .../ (pm?
123)
23/ oGm;ukdufoGm;emESifh qefvGwfeEGif;rIefY ...

oGm;zkH;a&mif? oGm;em? oGm;udkufvQif rD;zkdacsmifokH; eEGif;rIefYppfppf (qefvGwfeEGif;) toihftwifhukd a&aEG;jzifh
azsmfyg/ xkdeEGif;azsmf&nfaEG;ukd yg;pyfwGif; ikHEkdiforQ ikHNy;D axG;ypfyg/ okH;? av;BudrfrQ vkyfvQif aysmufygonf .../ (pm?
148)
24/ qD;csKdESifh ykwD;jzLvufzufajcmuf (ykwD;jzL = awmifqDjzL) ...

ykwD;jzL½Guftm; t&dyfwGif tajcmufvSef; vufzufajcmufozG,fcwfaomuf .../ (pm? 154)
25/ tpmtdrfava&m*gESifh eEGif;oHowfa& ...

eEGif;ppfppfukd a&ESifh ryspfrusJ azsmfyg/ pifMu,fpGmaq;xm;aom ykvif;xJxnfhyg (t0us,fykvif;)/ NyD;u
oHacsmif;&Snf&Snf wpfacsmif;ukd rD;&Jvmatmifzkwfí ykvif;xJokdYESpfxm;vkdufyg/ taiGUukefrS oHacsmif;ukd xkyfyg/
xkdeEGif;oHowfa&ukd xrif;pm;NyD; (15)rdepf tMumwGif qm;rD;zkwfESifh a&maomuf&efjzpfygonf/
eEGif;oHowf&nf [if;cwfZGef; (3)ZGef;wGif qm;rD;zkwf refusnf;aphcefYxnfhyg/ eHeufESifh npm pm;NyD;wkdif;
aomuf&ygrnf/ ESpfcsDa&m*gtwGuf wpfvcefY pGJaomufyg/ a&m*gEkvQifawmh ESpfywfcefY aomuf½kHeJY aysmufuif;
Ekdifygonf .../ ( pm? 152)
58
26/ av;bufema&m*gESifh ajcaxmufqm;a&pdrf ...

tqpftjrpfa&m*g (ac:) ]]a*guf}} a&m*gonf ... tvGefcH&cufaom a&m*gwpfrsLd; jzpfygonf/
tqpftjrpfrsm;? 'lqpfrsm;a&mifNyD; rwfwwf&yfEkdifzkdY cufcJí av;zufaxmufae&ojzifh av;zufema&m*g
[kac:Muonf .../
ukoykHenf;pepfrSm pOfhtifwkHwpfvkH;? a&? qm; ...(3)rsKd;yJ okH;pGJ&ygonf/ vlemtm; ukozkdY a&wpf*gvu
H kd
yGufyGufqlatmif usKdcsufyg/ qm;tpdyfom;xnfhxm;wJh pOfhtifwkHxJokdY a&yGufyGufqlaom a&aEG;ukd
avmif;xnfhvkdufyg/ a&cyfaEG;aEG;jzpfoGm;onftxd apmifhNy;D a&aEG;aEG;av;xJ ajcaxmufESpfzufpvkH; wpfNyKdifeuf
em&D0ufcefY pdrfNyD;rS tdyf&m0ifyg/ aeYpOfvkyfay;vQif av;zufema&m*g wjznf;jznf; aysmufuif;vmygvdrfhrnf/
ajcaxmufukd t0wfajcmufjzifhokwfNyD;rS ... tdyf&m0ifyg .../
þenf;ukd a&m*gr&Sdolrsm;vnf; jyKvkyfEkdifygonf/ ukd,fvufrsm; ayghyg;oGufvufNyD; usefrma&;aumif;rGef
vmaMumif; cHpm;&rnfjzpfygonf .../ (pm? 147)
(pmudk;? vjynfh0ef;r*¾Zif;/ trSwf 124? 2006 'march. pmrsufESm ... 147)
27/ tqpfa&mifa&m*gESifh w½kwfpum;yif ...
tqpfa&mif (ajczaESmifh? 'l;qpf) a&m*gtwGuf w½kwfpum;yifteDyGifh tjrpfwpfydómukd a&aq;? tcGHoif?
"m;ESifhyg;yg;vSD;NyD;? a&okH;ydómESifhusKdyg wpfydómusefvQif xef;zkdxef;vsuf 25usyfom;xnfhusKdyg/ xkdaemuf
tat;cHNyD; eHeuf? aeYvnf? n [if;pm;ZGef;ESifh (2)ZGef;pD pm;yg/ (7)ESpf cHpm;&aoma&m*gukd (7)&ufESifh aysmufuif;
oufomygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 156)
28/ twufa&m*gESifh oHyk&moHowf&nf ...

rD;zkdacsmifokH;"m;wpfvufukd a&pifatmifaq;? t0wfjzifhokwf? rD;usD&J&JwGifzkwf? tawmftoifh ylvmygu
atmufrSa<uyef;uefcHí rD;tHk;xm;aom"m;ay:okdY oHyk&moD;ukdn§pfcsyg/ ¤if;cyfaEG;aEG;&nfukd wufoltm;
wkdufay;yg .../ (pm? 160)
twufa&m*gukdatmifEkdifaom...oHyk&moHowf&nf jzpfygonf .../
29/ wif;wdyfESifh axmywfoD;aph? ausmufcsOf ...

axmywfoD;taphukd tajcmufvSef;? ausmufcsOfenf;enf;xnfhNyD; aoG;yg/ aeYpOf pGJvdrf;yg/ wpfESpfvnf;
ausmfa&m r½dSoavmufjzpfoGm;ygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 164)
30/ tqpftjrpfxkHusOfukdufcJa&m*gESifh Z0ufom? oHvGifqD ...

teYHjyif;aomZ0ufom wpfusyfom;tm; oHvGifqD ESpfusyfom;a&mí tzkH;vHkaomykvif;wGif xnfhum
&uftwefMumatmif ykvif;ukdvIyfay;yg/ Z0ufomt&nfaysmf&ef wpfcgw&H &ufru vESifhcsDí Mumwwfygonf/
aocsmpGm a&mpyfoGm;aomtcg ¤if;aq;&nftm; vdrf;ay;½kHjzifh tqpftjrpf xkHusOfudkufcJjcif;? avat;rdí
udk,fvuf rvIyf&Sm;Ekdifjcif;? 'lvmudkifjcif;? yef;em&ifusyfESifh tat;aMumifhjzpfaom a0'emrsm;twGuf oufom
aysmufuif;Ekdifygonf .../
txl;ojzifh owdjyK&efrSm aq;okH;NyD;aomf aq;udkifaomvufukd pifMu,fpGm aq;aMumyg/ aq;&nfESifh
rsufvkH; rxdrdap&ef owdxm;yg/ aq;&nfylvGef;ae&if oHvGifqD xyfxnfhyg/ tu,fí a0'em rjyif;xefvQif
þaq;ukd tokH;rjyKbJ tjcm;y½kwfqDpaom vdrf;aq;rsm;ukdom okH;yg .../ (pm? 168)
31/ azma&mifa&m*gESifh &Sm;apmif;vufyyf ...

vljrifraumif;atmif azma&mifNyD;? rdrdcE¨mukd,f atmufykdif; wpfckvHk;ukd qGJr&awmhwmaMumifh
pdwfysuftm;i,fNyD; tdyf&mxJ vJaeolukd jyefaumif;apwJh aq;enf; jzpfygw,f/
59
(1) &Sm;apmif;vufyyf twGif;tjzLom; (tESpf) ... 10 usyfom;

(2) MuufoGef (rif;wkef;) "m;jzifhyg;yg;vSD; ... 10 usyfom;
(3) xef;vsuf ... 10 usyof m;
txufyg (3)rsKd;ukd a&oifh½kHa&mí ,kdjzpfvmonftxd usKdyg/ NyD;vQif ... rD;zkdrScsí tat;cHyg/ wpfaeY
(2)Budrf ... eHeuf? n wpfBudrfvQif vufzufpm;wpfZGef; ,Hk,HkMunfMunfpm;oGm;ygu tazma&m*g? csrf;wpfcg? yl
wpfvSnfha&m*g? csrf;pdrfhpdrfh zsm;csifovkdvkd a&m*grsm; oufomaysmufuif;ap Ekdifygonf .../ (pm? 170)
32/ qHyifeufaq; (BudwfrSef? qD;jzL) ...

BudwfrSef½GufESifh taphxkwfxm;aomqD;jzLoD; qwla&mí Budwfyg/ MuufqlqD 5qjzifh pdrfyg/ rD;aEG;aEG;wGif
wpfem&DcefYxm;yg/ okdYr[kwf aeylylrSm vSef;yg/ xkdqDukd OD;a&xdatmif vdrf;í ODa&ukdESdyfay;yg/ jrefrmwa&mf?
uifyGef;jzifhom acgif;avQmfyg/ jzLvQif jyefeufvmygvdrfrnf/ BudwfrSef½GufESifh qD;jzLoD;ukd trIefYjyK? ysm;&nfESifh awNyD;
okH;aqmifyg .../ (pm? 172)
33/ tom;rmESifh wrm½Guf?*sKHrIefY ...

wrm½Guf? *sKHrIefY qwlBudwf tom;rmay: tkHay; .../
wpfaeYokH;Budrf aq;vJay; .../
tjrpfuRwfwJh txdtkH/ tjrpfuRwf&ifaysmufNyD .../ (pm? 177)
34/ <uufEkdY?tom;rm? rSJYESifhoabFmyif ...

oabFm½kd;wpf½kd;cl;NyD; tap;xGufaewJh oabFm½kd;&JUt&if;ykdif;eJY <uufEkdYtpfrBuD; (yxraygufonfh<uufEkdY)
ukd wjznf;jznf;yGwfwkdufay;yg/ vdktyfygu aemufxyf oabFm½kd;wpf½kd;cl;NyD; yGwfwkdufay;yg/ aoG;pkdYvmrnf/
xGufvmaomaoG;ukd t0wfoefYoefYjzifh oefY&Sif;ay;yg/ NyD;vQif oabFm½GufBudwftkHí ywfwD;pnf;ay;xm;yg/ 3&uf
rS 6&ufxdaeYpOfjyKvkyfay;&ygr,f/
tom;rmuawmh ajczaemifh? ajcz0g; ponfwkdYrSmjzpfwwfygw,f/ oabFmoD;tpdrf; rEkr&ifh wpfvkH;cl;NyD;
tn§mbufu tom;ukd vufwpfvkH;cefYtxl t0kdif;vkdufvSD;yg/ NyD;utap;xGufwJh rsufESmjyifeJY tom;rmukdyGwf
wkdufay;yg/ EkdY&nf (tap;) ukefoGm;ygu aemufwpf0kdif;vSD;NyD; yGwfwkdufyg/ wpfaeY wpfBudrf em&D0ufcefY yGwfwkduf
NyD; tom;rmukd oeyfcg; (tjrpf) tppfeJY aoG;NyD; xlxlvdrf;xm;yg/ v0ufrS wpfvcGJcefY txd pdwf&Snf&Snf
yGwfwkdufay;&rSm jzpfygw,f .../
ig;rsufpd? rSJYtyg;rsm;? tom;ykdi,frsm;? ql; pl;rd&mu jzpfay:vmwJ tom;rmrsm;ukdawmh oabFm½kd; t&if;
(tap;xGufwJhbuf) ueJY yGwfwkdufay;yg/ wpfBudrf 10rdepf av;? ig;&ufcefY vkyfay;vQif oufomaysmuf
uif;ygw,f .../ (pm? 182)
35/ acsmif;qkd;aoG;ygESifh zkHrodef½Guf ...

zkHrodef½Gufukd xkaxmif;um ¤if;owåK&nfESifh oMum; aumfzDZGef; wpfZGef;cefYpDxnfhNyD; wkdufvQif
acsmif;qkd;NyD; wHawG;axG;wkdif;? ovdyf[yfxkyfwkdif; aoG;ygaoma&m*g aysmufuif;ygonf .../ (pm? 184)
36/ 0rf;ysuf? 0rf;avQma&m*gESifh ydawmufacguf ...

&moDra&G; txl;ojzifh rkd;&moDrsm;wGif 0rf;ysuf? 0rf;avQm? 0rf;udkufa&m*grsm;jzpfvQif wpfem&DtwGif;
(10)Budrf? (15)BudrfoGm;ygap aoG;0rf;ukdufjzpfap? avESifh "mwfruGJbJjzpfap? tm;vkH;ukd yGJawGYoufomaysmuf
uif;apygonf/
aq;enf;rSm ydawmufyif&ifh&ifh? tacgufxlxl 1ydóm? odMum;jzL 25 usyfom;? a&jrKyfatmifxnfh/
tdk;opfeJY okH;cGufwpfcGufwifusKd? tat;cH? ydwfyg;ESifh ppfxm;yg/
60
wpfcgaomuf vlBuD; tMurf;yef;uefwpf0uf? vlvwf [if;pm;ZGef; (2)ZGef;? uav; wpfZGef;?

wpfaeYokH;Budrf aomufyg/ a&aEG;ESifh aomufyg/ a&at;ESifh vkH;0raomuf&/ a&m*goufomvQif aq;avQmhaomuf
yg/ tpmraMuEkdifaomtpmrsm;ukd a&Smifyg .../ (pm? 186)
37/ xdckduf? zl;a&mif? taMumrsufESifh oHyk&moD; ...

ajcaxmufukd wpfpkHwpf&mESifh xdckdufrdNyD; zla&mifjcif;? taMumrsufjcif;jzpfygu oHyk&moD;ukd
ESpfjcrf;jcrf;vkdufyg/ ajrpavmif;ukd rD;zkday:yufvufvSefwifNyD; cPtMum jcrf;xm;wJh oHyk&moD;ukd,lNyD; ajczrkd;
('Pf&may:) arSmuf jznf;jznf;csif; tylcHEkdifoavmuf vufeJY zdyGwfyg .../
t&nfawGxGufvmr,f/ tylcHEkdifoavmufyGwfyg/ tenf;i,f at;oGm;NyDqkd&if pavmif;zkH;ay: oHyk&moD;
arSmufwif usefwpfjcrf;ukd,lNyD; qufyGwfyg/ wpfaeY (10)BudrfrQvkyfyg/ ESpf&ufcefY vkyfNyD;vQif oufomvm
ygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 188)
38/ cg;udkuf? cg;emESifh oabFm½Guf ...

oabFm½GufEkESpf½Guf? okH;½Gufavmufcl;NyD; a&pifatmifaq;/ NyD;awmh ... ajcmufatmifokwf/ emaewJh
ae&mw0kduf cg;? 0rf;Akduf ywfywfvnfjynfhatmif uyfay;xm;vkduf/ aemuft0wfyg;yg;eJY tay:uxyf ywfNyD;tdyf/
aemufwaeY eHeuftdyf&mxcsdefrSm oabFm½GufawG n§KdEGrf;oGm;NyD; cg;ema0'emvnf; ,lypfovkd aysmufoGm; vdrfr,f
.../ (pm? 199)
39/ t½kd;usD;aygif;wufa&m*gESifh a&Smuf½Guf? Muuf[if;cg;½Guf ...

vnfyif;aemufbuf ukyfykd;ü usD;aygif;wufa&m*gjzpfvQif rcHr&yfEkdifatmif emusif ukdufcJwwfygonf/
ukxkH;rSm a&Smuf½Guf vufwpfqkyf? Muuf[if;cg;½Guf vufwpfqkyf qwlukd t0wfoefYoefYwGif a&mxkyfyg/
rD;zkday:wGif a&aEG;tkd;wnfyg/ tkd;tzkH;wGif taygufi,fav;rsm;azmufxm;&ygrnf/ aq;xkyf 2xkyf? 3xkyf
vkyfxm;yg/ xkyfxm;aom aq;xkyfrsm;ukd tzkH;ay:wifí tay:rS tzkH;wpfckxyftkyfyg .../
a&aEG;aiGUaMumifh aq;xkyfylvmaomtcg ukdufcJ emusifaomae&mukd Muyfxkyfxkd;yg/ aq;xkyfwpfxkyfNyD;
wpfxkyf vJvS,fí wpfem&DcefY Muyfxkyfxkd;ay;jcif;jzifh wpfaeYwpfjcm; oufomaysmufuif;vmygvdrfhrnf/ wpf&uf
ESpf&ufavmuf vkyfMunfhír& pdwf&Snf&Snfxm;NyD; aeYpOfqufwkdufjyKvkyfay;yg .../ (pm? 222)
40/ axmywf&JUpGrf;tm; ...

q&mawmfBuD;wpfyg; q,fESpfom;t&G,fu ukd&if0wfcJhw,f/ bmrSaomif;usef;xm;wmr&Sdbl;/ tckawmh
em;½GufESpfbufvHk; eD&JNyD; xlvyspfjzpfaew,f/ ESacgif;vJeD&JNyD;yGaew,f/ cE¨mukd,frSmvJ tuGufBuD;awGxaew,f/
wcsKdUuajymwmu umvom;a&m*g? vlysKdemjzpfolawG oGm;wJhtdrfom? usifi,fpGefYwJhae&m oGm;pGefYrdvkdY
&Sd&ifvJ a&m*gul;pufw,fvkdY ajymMuw,f .../
tJ'Daemufykdif; q&mawmfonf axmywfukd qGrf;ylylav;eJY qm;tenf;i,fxnfhNyD; bkOf;ay;onf/ wpfywf
avmuf&SdvQif a&m*gtawmf oufomvmonf/ udk,fwGif;&Sd tzktydrfhawGvJ jym;csyfum tzwfawG uGmusonf/
ESpfywftwGif; axmywf "mwfpmjzifh a&m*gaysmufuif;oGm;\/
axmywfonf oDwawaZm (ac:) ]]tat;yGifh}} jzpfonf/,if;onf ukd,fwGif;íikwfaeaom avylrsm;ukd
rIwfxkwfay;aom pGrf;tm;owåd&Sdonf/ ESrf;qDESifh axmywfonf tpdrfht&om&Sdí ukd,fwGif;ü &Sdaom tyltckd;taiGU?
tykyfa&m*grsm;ukd tjyifokdY xGufapygonf/
q&mawmfrSm axmywfjzifh qGrf;ukd rMumrMum bkOf;ay;onf/ xkdaMumifh rsufpdrIefjcif;? taMumwufjcif;?
0rf; cPcPoGm;í 0rf;ysufjcif;? 'l;qpf? vufqpf? ajcqpfemusifjcif;? ¤if;tqpfrsm;rS *Rwf*Rwf toHjrnfjcif;?
a0'emrsm; aysmufuif;oGm;ygonf .../
61
pm;oHk;onfhtcgwGifvnf; twkdif;tqESifh pm;í tvGeftuRH rpm;rd&ef owdjyK&ygrnf/ xrif;pm;NyD;vQif

zD;Murf;iSufaysmoD; pm;ay;&ef jzpfygonf/ ,if;zD;Murf;iSufaysmoD;onf ]]0gZDu&P}} (ac:) tm;ukd jzpfapygonf
.../ (pm? 224)
o Q o Q o
62

eu©wåa&mifjcnfr*¾Zif;? pmwnf;tzGJU
yxrtBudrf? 2005? {NyDv/ wefzkd; 500usyf/ eu©wåa&mifjcnfpmtkyfwkduf .../
1/ ausmufcsOfrD;azguf? tukduftcJaysmuf ...

ausmufcsOftm; oHjym;ay:wifí yGvmonftxd tylay;yg/ at;aomtcg trIefYjyKí avvkHykvif;wGif
odrf;xm;yg/ anmif;nmukdufcJjcif;rsm;twGuf ¤if;ausmufcsOrf IefY (ausmufcsOfrD;azguf) uGrf;oD;vkH;cefYtm; ydwfyg;
jzifhxkyfum a&wGif acwåpdrfí ylvmaomtcsdefwGif MuyfxkyfozG,f tokH;jyKzduyfay;jcif;jzifh a0'emavsmhyg;
2/ qD;a&m*g? azma&mifjcif;? rsufpda&m*gESifh z&JoD;? oMum; (w½kwfaq;NrD;wkd) ...

rSnfh&Trf;vwfqwfaomz&JoD;tm; taphESifh tcGHz,f&Sm;um? tom;rsm;tm; ydwfyg;jzifh ppf,lyg/ ¤if;\ okH;
ykHwpfykH yrmP&Sdaom oMum;rIefYtm; jcifwG,fyg/ z&JoD;tm; OD;pGm rD;jyif;jyif;ESifh usdKum yspfcJvmcsdefwGif rD;avQmhí
rQOf;rQOf;usKdyg/ ap;yspfvmcsdefwGif tat;cHí oMum;rIefYa&mum oratmifarTyg/ ¤if;aemuf aeylvSef;um
ajcmufaoGUaomf trIefYjyKí avvkHykvif;wGif odrf;xm;yg .../
azma&mifjcif;? qD;eD? qD;0g? qD;usOf? qD;atmifhponfh qD;a&m*grsm;ESifh rsufpdem? rsufpda&mif&rf;jcif;ponf
wkdY jzpfyGm;ygu z&JoMum;rIefY wpfusyfom;tm;? a&aEG;jzifh azsmfaomufyg/ wpfaeY okH;Budrf aomufay;jcif;jzifh
tqkdyga0'emrsm; oufomaysmufuif;apyg\ .../ (pm? 2)
3/ qD;aMumifhjzpfaomanmif;nmukdufcJa&m*gESifh qifwkH;rEG,f ...

qD;raumif;í jzpfwwfaom anmif;nmukdufcJonfh a0'emtm; ...
(1) qifwkH;rEG,f(yg;yg;vSD;) ... 5 usyfom;
(2) oMum; ... 10 usyo f m;
wkdYtm; qefaq;&nf oifh½kHjzifh okH;&ufpdrfum aeYpOf vufzuf&nfyef;uef wpfvkH;pm aomufay;jcif; jzihf
oufomaysmufuif;apygonf .../ (pm? 3)
4/ rnf;rnf;csdwfcsdwfwif;wdyfESifh y'kr®mMum½kd; ...

y'kr®mMum½kd;tm; aeajcmufvSef;yg/ NyD;vQif jymcsí a&ESifhazsmfvdrf;ygu wif;wdyfrsm; aysmufygonf .../
(pm? 16)
5/ qD;atmifh? qD;ukdufESifh oHyk&m? ,rf;pdrf; ...

oHyk&moD;xufjcrf;cGJNyD; zefcGufxJ&Sd a&xJokdY t&nfrsm;n§pfcsvkdufyg/ xkdaemuf ,rf;pdrf; refusnfaph
ESpfaphcefYukd a&marTí vlemukdwkdufvkduf&m cPtMum qD;rsm;oGm;NyD; qD;ukdufvnf; oufomum vlemrSm xxkdif
Ekdifygonf .../ (pm? 18)
6/ jrpfyGm;em? tzktusdwfa&m*gESifh aq;pGrf;aumif; (jrpfyGm;em = uifqm) ...

y½kwf? 'kw¬m? oHrEkdifausmufrEkdif? ,rf;pdrf; aq;tr,fav;rsKd;ukd wpfusyfom;pD trIefYjyKyg/ ¤if;trIefY
refusnf;aph ESpfaphcefYavmufESifh avmufao½Guf (5)usyfom; a&myg/ a&mNyD;aq;ukd ysm;&nfppfppf wpfykvif;wGif
a&mpyfNyD; aeYpOf xrif;pm;ZGef;ESifh eHeufwpfBudrf? nwpfBudrf (wpfaeYESpfBudrf) wpfZGef;pDaomufyg .../
rnfonfhaq;ESifhrqkd rwnfhonf r&Sdyg/ ab;tEÅ&m,f r&Sdyg/ q&m0efrsm;? orm;awmfrsm;\ ukorIcH,l
aepOf twGif;rSmvnf; aomufokH;Ekdifygonf .../ (pm? 20)
63
7/ tonf;BuD;a&m*gESifh ay½Guf ...

ay½Guftpdrf;ukd xkaxmif;n§pfí&aom (owåK&nf) ukd vufzuf&nfyef;uef wpfvkH;pmwkduf? tonf;BuD;
vkdY ylaewJh AkdufBuD; wjznf;jznf;csyfoGm;vdrfrnf .../
tonf;BuD;vmwJhtcg AdkufBuD;tqrwef ylvmr,f/ rsufESmeJY ajcaxmufawG a&miftrf;vmr,f/ &ifwkdY
AkdufwkdY wif;NyD; tpm pm;csifpdwfr&SdbJjzpfaer,f .../ (pm? 100)
8/ tpm;rSm;í ,m;,Hjcif;ESifh xef;vsuf ...

ydef;½kd;? ydef;O? awmtkef;oD; (uGrf;oD; t&G,fcefY&Sd) ponfwkdY pm;rd? ukdifrdvkdY ,m;,Haoma0'em cHpm;&vQif
&csif; jrefEkdiforQ jrefjref ]]jrefrmhxef;vsufppfppf}} ukdpm;ay;½kHygyJ/ xef;vsufpm;wmjref&if jrefovkd ,m;,Hjcif;
oufomaysmufuif;wm jrefqefygr,f/ awmtkef;oD;[mvnf; ydef;½kd;? ydef;Oxuf ykd,m;ygw,f/ tqHvkH;eJY
tcGHMum;rSm ,m;wwfwJht&nfeJY ,m;,HapwJhtrQifawG&Sdygw,f .../ (pm? 42)
9/ iSufzsm;ESifh &Sdef;ckd ...

iSufzsm;xlxyfaoma'ookdY oGm;a&mufvkyfukdifaeolrsm;onf ykPÖm;pm; &Sdef;ckd (aysmhaysmif;El;nHhaom&Sdef;ckd)
ukd i½kwfaumif;aphcefY vkH;xm;í npOf (3)vkH;cefY pm;vQif &Sdef;ckdonf tyl"mwftm;aumif;í ... tat;'Pfukd
cHEkdifjcif;? tpmukd aMuapEkdifjcif;? ief;ref;ukdEkdifjcif; owådxl;&Sdjcif;aMumifh iSufzsm;a&m*gudk aumif;pGmumuG,f
Ekdifygonf .../ (pm? 46)
10/ ,mOfpD;pOf rl;a0? atmhtHvQif ...

um;? &xm;? av,mOfponf pD;eif;pOf rl;a0? atmhtHavh &Sdygu prkefpyg; tenf;i,fukd rMumcP
0g;pm;ay;yg/ okdYr[kwf ausmufcsOfrIefYESifh tav;csdefqwl ysm;&nfukd a&marTxm;um aumfzDZGef; wpfZGef;rQ
vQufay;ygu rl;a0? atmhtHjcif;rS vGwfuif;rnf .../ (pm? 45)
11/ rsufpdxdckdufrIESifh i½kwfaumif; ...

rsufpdrSm xdckduf'Pf&m &cJhwJhtcg rjyif;xefbl;qkd&if? aoG;rxGufbl;qkd&if i½kwfaumif;aphukd ausmufysOf
oefYoefYrSm aoG;NyD;? a&MunfMunfav;eJY a&mNyD; rsufpOf;cwfay;&ygw,f/ NyD;awmh rsufaphwpf0dkufukdvnf;
ryspfrusJ uGif;xm;&ygw,f/ ajcmufoGm;&if xyfNyD;vdrf;? vdrf;wJhtckduf yl&Sdef;&Sdef;av;? aemufawmh at;oGm;ygw,f
.../ (pm? 56)
12/ c½koif;ESifh {u&mZfjrpf ...

{u&mZfjrpf tpkd (20)usyfom; ESifh xef;vsuf wpfydómtm; a&tenf;i,f pGufí vufaumfí &atmif
usKdcsufyg/ eHeufESifh n [if;pm;ZGef; (2)ZGef;pD aeYpOfaomufay;ygu ta&jym;wGif qGwfqGwfjzLaom (orifjzL)
c½koif;emtm; wpfaeYwjcm; a&mhyg;apygonf/ wpfudk,fvkH; iHkaeaom a0'em&Sifrsm;tzkdY aq;zkHrsm;pGm ZGJ&Sd&Sd
aomufay;yg .../ (pm? 58)
13/ Muyfxkyfxkd;enf; ...

pyg;vif? qm;? eEGif;wuf? rdóvifO? ouf&if;BuD;½Guf (5)rsKd;ukd qwla&mNyD; txkyf (3) xkyfvkyfyg/ tJ'D
txkyfawGukd a&aEG;aiGUeJY aygif;wifay;&ygw,f/ tylcHEkdif½kH Muyfxkyfxkd;ay;ygu tem'Pfa&mif? tqpf&mif?
tjrpfa&mif? tazma&mif csufcsif;oufomaysmufuif;ygonf .../ (pm? 61)
64
14/ rsufpdMunf? tanmif;ajy? taMumajyESifh ajce,fqD...

rsufpdMunfvifap&ef ajcukd qDvdrf;e,fjcif;onf taumif;qkH;jzpfygonf/ ajcukd qDvdrf;e,fjcif;onf
bk&m;&Sifvufxufuyif tokH;jyKcJhMuonf/ vufoefYoefYjzifh ajcukdqDjzifh wpfem&DcefYMumatmif vdrf;jcif;e,fjcif;?
twGif;okdY pdrfh0ifoGm;atmif yGwfe,fay;ygvQif taMumrsm; tm;&SdvmNyD; ta&xl? ta&yg;? tom;wpfavQufü
ckdatmif;aeaom tanmif;ylrsm; xGufoGm;NyD;vQif vGefpGmayghyg;oGm;ygvdrfhrnf .../
xkdqDwGif yGifhuefapwwfaom y½kwf? t&ufESifh tjcm;aom aq;zufwkdYukdyg xnfhvdrf;vQifykdrkdtusKd;ouf
a&mufEkdifygonf/ ajcukd qDvdrf;e,fjcif;onf yifyef;jcif;ukdaysmufap\/ tm;ukdjzpfap\? rsufpdukdMunfvifap\?
ajcüjzpfaom temwkdYukdEkdif\ .../
OD;acgif;rS rsufpdukdtkyfqif;í ... ajcrESpfzufwkdifatmif oGm;aom taMumBuD;ESpfckwkdYonf &Sdukef\ .../
xkdYaMumifh ... rsufpdMunfvifatmif ... ajcukd qDjzifhvdrf;yg .../ (pm? 85)
15/ aoG;wkd;? qD;csKd? avief;a&m*g ESifh a&SmufoD; ...

qD;csKda&m*g rSwqifh aoG;wkd;NyD;aemuf "mwfcsKyfjcif;? rl;jcif; rSwqifh avief;? &GJUapmif;oGm;onf txd
jzpfcJhaomf yl? cg;? pyfaom tpmt[m&wkdYukd auR;arG;&\/
a&SmufoD;wpfvkH;ukd El;atmifaygif;í qm;cg; (5)usyfom;ESifh a&musKdNyD;vQif rD;zkday:rScsí ysm;&nfppfppf
xnfhoGif;NyD; ]]csKdcsOfcg;}} t&omay:atmif pm;aomufjcif;jzifh aoG;wkd;vnf;us "mwfcsKyfonfukdvnf;
aumif;vmygonf/ xkdYjyif avief;a&m*gvnf; oufomvmrnfhtjyif qD;csKda&m*gaMumifhvnf; vlukdrxdckdufapbJ
rsm;pGm tusKd;&Sdygonf/ wpfcgaomuf aumfzDZGef;(1)ZGef;? wpfaeY (2)Burd f .../ (pm? 93)
16/ vdyfacgif;a&m*gESifh xdu½kH; ...

xdu½kH;yif yÍöig;yg;ukd ajrtkd;oefYoefY wGifxnfhía&xnfhyg/ xdu½kH;yif wpfydómvQif a&okH;ydóm xnfh
&rnf/ okH;cGufwpfcGufwifjyKwfí cHEdkif&nf&SdoavmufpDpOfNyD; ptkd0 a&mufatmiftaiGUay;yg/ wpfaeY (3)Budrfvyk f
oufom aysmufuif;ygonf .../ (pm? 103)
17/ qD;atmifha&m*gaysmufapaom yGJawGUenf;aumif; ...

qD;atmifhvQif MuH&nfwpfcGufrSm (wpfzefcGufrSm) ZmwdyKæ dvfoD;\ 5ykH 1ykH ... aoG;í xnfharTNyD; okH;aqmif
vkdufyg/ qD;atmifha&m*g oufom aysmufuif; oGm;ygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 126)
18/ iSufzsm;a&m*g ESifh &Sm;apmif;BuD;tap; ...

iSufzsm;a&m*gjzpfvQif &Sm;apmif;BuD;tap;? a&G;aph wpfaphpmcefYESifh ysm;&nf pyfaomufyg/ iSufzsm;
oufomoGm;aomf wkdif;&if;aq;ynmOD;pD;Xmeu xkwfvkyfwJh tylNidrf;aoG;aq;eJY rwJjrif;rkd&fukef;aoG;aq;ukd
aeYpOf rDS0J oGm;r,fqkd&if ykdrkdaumif;rGefoGm;rSmyg .../ (pm? 12&)
19/ tonf;ajcmufa&m*gESifh &Sm;apmif;vufyyf...

&Sm;apmif;vufyyf twGif;om; (1)usyfom;ESifh xefvsuf (1)usyfom; (rkefYvkyfxef;vsuf) ukd? a&mvkH;NyD;
pm;yg/ wpfywfavmufMumvQif a&m*goufomoGm;ygu? wpf&ufjcm; aemufwpfywf qufpm;yg/ a&m*g ykdoufom
oGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ qufpm;ívnf; tEÅ&m,fr&Sdyg .../ (pm? 134)
20/ oHyk&moD;ESifh csKdif;acR;eHY ...

oHyk&moD;wpfvkH;tm; yef;uefwpfvkH;wGif (10)&ufcefY xm;vQif ... oHyk&moD;rSm n§Kd;EGrf;í ykyf&d
vmygvdrfhrnf .../ tcGHa&m tom;yg El;vmygu vufjzifh tenf;i,f zJhí yGwfajcum csKdif;wpftkHvHk; ESHpyfatmif
vdrf;yg/ teHYqkd;rsm; oufom aysmufuif;onfukd 0rf;ajrmufzG,f&m awGU&ygrnf .../
65
oHyk&moD; rukefrcsif; rdrdpdwfBudKuf wpfaeY av;? ig;Budrf vdrf;ay;Ekdifygonf .../ (pm? 162)
21/ &Sm;apmif;vufyyfcsufaq; ...

(1) &Sm;apmif;vufyyf ... 25 usyfom;(twGif;tESpfom;)
(3) ysm;&nf ... 5 usyo f m;
(4) refusnf;rSnfh ... 5 usyfom;
(5) prkefrsKd;ig;yg; ... 5 yJom;( yJom;pD)
,if;tcsKd;tpm;twkdif; ajrtkd;jzifh rwl;rjcpfatmif usKdcsufNyD; eHeufvufzuf&nfZGef; (1)ZGef; nae xrif;

pm;NyD; (1)ZGef; pm;yg/ rdef;r? a,mufusm; rnfolrqkd pm;oHk;&efoifh\/ vlUcE¨mukd,fü qD;? 0rf;? av tckd;
rSefuefnDrQapí vkdaom"mwf jynfh0apygonf/ ykdaom"mwfukd ,kwfavsmhapygonf/
ygpu0rf;rD;ukdawmufapygong/ þ&Sm;apmif;vufyyfaq;onf jzpfay:qJ a&m*ga0'emrsm; aysmufuif;í
rjzpfay:ao;onfh a&m*ga0'emrsm; ukdvnf; uif;a0; usef;rm apEkdifMuygonf/ ,if;aq;ukd trsKd;orD;rsm;
rD;zGm;NyD;(45) &uf ausmfrSpm;yg .../ (pm? 133)
22/ taMumwufcg;emESifh ouf&if;BuD; ...

ouf&if;BuD;½GufMurf; (50)usyfom;ukd a&aq;NyD; yg;yg;vSD;/ a& (3)ydómESifh a&musKd/ a&cef;cgeD;
t½Gufrsm;ukd q,fxkwfNyD; useft&nfukd aygufap;usatmif qufusKd NyD;awmh aygufap;&nfeJY ysm;&nf twlpyfNyD;
xyfusKd / vufaumfvkdY&&if csNyD;aeYpOf aumfzDZGef;i,f wpfZGef;pm;ay;yg .../
aeYpOf pm;ay;jcif;jzifh ESpf&Snfvrsm; pGJuyfaewJh avemrsm;? wpfukd,fvkH; taMumwufa&m*grsm; xkHusOf
ukdufcJrIrsm;udk oufomaysmufuif; csrf;omapygw,f .../ jrpfcsif;NyD; ½kd;&maq;enf;awGuawmh ausmatmifh?
&ifatmifh? cg;udkuf? xdckduf'Pf&mjzpf&if tdyf&may:rSm ouf&if;BuD;t½Gufukd cif;NyD;tdyf&w,f/ ouf&if;BuD;
Muyfxkyfxkd;r,f... acR;atmif;r,fqkd&if rMumcif oufom aysmufuif;oGm;ygr,f.../
ajcovHk;eJY taMumwuf&if t½GufrEkr&ifhukd rD;uifNyD; aeYpOf ywfwDpnf;ay;&if oufom
aysmufuif;apw,f/ 0rf;rrSefbJ avxkd;avatmifh jzpfcJ&if tpdrf;twkdif;jzpfap jyKwfNyD;om;t½Gufukdjzpfap aeYpOf
wkdYjr§Kyf pm;jcif;? aomufay;jcif;jzifh 0rf;rSefw,f/ ava&m*g oufomaysmufuif;w,f/ tema[mif;
jynfwpkdpkdjzpfwJhtcg ouf&if;BuD;½Gufukd BudwfNyD; tkHay;&ifaysmufw,f .../ (pm? 208)
23/ &Sm;apmif;vufn§Kd;ESifh vdyfacgif; ...

&Sm;apmif;vufn§Kd; vufESpfqpfcefYukd xef;vsuEf Sifh awín?eHeuf (3)&ufqufwkduf auR;aomtcg ...
xGufusaeaom vdyfacgif;rSm jyef0ifoGm;NyD; oGm;vmvIy&f Sm;í &aMumif; awGU&ayonf/ &Sm;apmif;vufn§Kd;rSm
av;ajr§mifh tqpfvkduf EG,fykHo@ef aygufa&mufonf/ t½GufrSmuGrf;½Guf tao;ykHo@ef? tyGifhrSm tjzL tqkyf?
tqkyf yGifhavonf .../
pkdufysKd;&ef vG,fulonf .../ (pm?219)
24/ uav;rsm;tlus (abmus) a&m*gESifh 'efBuD;½Guf ...

'ef;BuD;½Gufvufwpfqkyfukd oHyk&m&nfESifh Budwf/ Budwfí &aomt&nfukd pdrfh0ifoGm;atmifvdrf;
Budwfzwfudk abmrSmtkH ywfwD;pnf;ay;jcif;jzifh oufom aysmufuif;apygonf/ (pm? 216)
66
25/ trsKd;orD;rsm;tjzLqif;cJhaomf ...

zD;Murf;iSufaysmoD;ukd oMum;eJY acgufpm;/ yef;em&ifusyfa&m*g&Sdol trsKd;orD;rsm; wwfuRrf; em;vnfolESifh
wkdifyifNyD;rSpm;yg .../ (pm? 213)
o Q o Q o
67
68

eu©wåa&mifjcnfr*¾Zif;? pmwnf;tzGJU
yxrtBudrf? 2005? arv/ wefzkd; 500usyf/ eu©wåa&mifjcnfpmtkyfwkduf .../
1/ uav;ESmydwfa0'emESifh uGrf;½Guf ...

uGrf;½GufoefYoefY wpf½Gufukd tv,frSm vufcv,feJY azmufNyD; rD;tenf;i,f uifay;yg/ NyD;&if uav;
i,fxdyfrSm uyfay;yg/ csufcsif; odomvmygvdrfhr,f .../ (pm? 14)
2/ temrD;? temvQHESifh i&HUywl½Guf ...

temrD;? temvQHrsm;tm; i&HUywl½Guf t½kd;owåK&nfESifh axmywf qwla&mum vdrf;ay;jcif;jzifh oufom
aysmufuif;apygonf .../ (pm? 19)
3/ tqkwf (wDbD) a&m*gESifh i&HUywl½Guf ...

i&HUywl½Guf tjrpfrIefYESifh csif;ajcmufrIefY ESpfyJom;pD a&mum aeYpOf a&aEG;jzifh aomufay;ygu
tqkwfema&m*g odomavsmhyg;aponf .../ (pm? 30)
4/ trl;a&m*gtrsKd;rsKd;? tpmrSm;? &ifjynfh&ifu,f? aoG;wkd; ESifh {u&mZf...

trl;a&m*gtrsKd;rsKd;? tpm;rSm;? &ifjynfh&ifu,fjzpfjcif;wkdYukd {u&mZfyif\ tjrpfukd ausmufysOfwGif aoG;í
&&Sdaomt&nf [if;pm;ZGef;? wpfZGef;cefYwGif qm;tenf;i,fxnfhaomufyg/ xl;jcm;odompGm aysmufuif;ygonf/
{u&mZf½Gufukd [if;csKdcsufí aomufjcif;? wkdYpm;jcif; wkdYukd aeYpOf jyKvkyfay;ygu aoG;wkd;a&m*g uif;a0; Ekdifygonf
.../ (pm? 39)
5/ 0rf;oufjcif;?pdwfESvHk;ylyefjcif;? qDeDusOfaemuf a&m*g ESifh a&xdu½kH; ...

a&xdu½kH;tm; wkdY? jr§Kyf pm;aomufay;jcif;jzifh odomavQmhyg;aponf/ a&xdu½kH;onf a&jr§Kyfazmhrsm;yg&Sdí
ql;rsm;r&Sdacs .../ (pm? 50)
6/ ydpyfyif (AdZ wfyif) udk,fawGUaq;enf;rsm; ...

ydpyfyif? tyifyÍöig;yg;udkaxmif;? t&nfn§pf? vufzuf&nfyef;uefwpfvHk;eD;yg; wpfaeYwpfBudrf aeYpOf
wkdufay;&if twGif;'Pf? aoG;vHk;? avvHk;utp a&m*gawG taES;eJYtjref oufomaysmufuif;apygonf.../
qm;csuftoHk ;jyKenf; / / ydpyfyift&ifhawGukd a&pifatmifaq; wpfyifvHk; yOöig;yg;EkyfEkyfpOf;NyD;

ae&dyfrSmajcmufapygw,f/ ajcmuf&if rD;½IdU? jymcs .../ tJ'Djymukd(15) &uf(wpfq,fig;&uf) a&pdrfxm;&if...a&[m
MunfNyD; teDa&mifjzpfvmw,f .../
tJ'Da&tMunfukd oH',ftkd;topfeJY qm;csuf,lygw,f/ qm;&wJhtcg avvkHykvif;eJYxnfhxm;&ygw,f/
ysm&nfwpfZGef;rSm qm; i½kwfaumif;aphavmufxnfhNyD; wpfaeYukd eHeufwpfZGef;? nwpfZGef; rSefrSefaomufay;&if
udk,fwGif;a0'emeJY a0'emBuD;awG oufomaysmufuif;wm awGU&ygw,f .../ twGif;'Pfem? 0rf;wGif;uvDpm?
aoG;wHul? avwHul? 0rf;wGif;jzpfwJh aoG;vkH;? avvHk;? abvkH;awGu tp oufomaysmufuif;wm awGU&ygw,f/
c&D;oGm;wJhtcg armyef;EGrf;e,frI? &ifwkefrl;a0rI vwfwavmjzpfcJh&if t½Guf 3? 4½Guf yGwfacsNyD; ESmacgif;eJY
wpf0&SL? yg;pyfu avjyefrIwfxkwf/ 3? 4 Budrfvkyfay;½kHeJY oufomaysmufuif;apygw,f/ vwfwavm
xdcdkufrItwGufuawmh t½Gufudk t&nfn§pf? vdrf;e,fNyD; t0wfeJYpnf;xm;&if 'Pf&m? xdcdkufemudk
aysmufuif;apygw,f .../
69
tqDxkwf,ljcif;/ / ydpyfyift&ifh yÍöig;yg;udk a&pifatmifaq;yg/ "m;eJYpOf;yg/ a&eJY okH;cGufwpfcGufwifBudKyg/

&wJhaq;½GufjyKwf&nfxJrS t½GufzwfawGudk xkwf,lNyD; aq;&nfudkppfí oH',ftopfeJY usKdyg/ a&cef;&if
tESpfusefygw,f/ tJ'DtESpfudk anmifap;usatmifusKdyg/ &wJhanmifap;vdk tqD[m rnf;eufaeygw,f/ tJ'DtqD
ESrf;aphavmuf wpfaeYwpfBudrf pm;ay;yg/ 'grSr[kwf ysm;&nfwpfZGef;eJY pyfaomufyg/ wpfywftwGif; a&m*gBuD;awG
oufomaysmufuif;r,f/ veJYcsDpm;&if udk,fwGif;? udk,fya&m*gawG uif;pifNyD; usef;rm touf&SnfEdkifwJh aq;ygyJ
.../
a&rSefrSefcsKd;ay;? 0rf;ykHrSefoGm;atmif wpfywfwpfcg jyKjyifay;zdkY vdkygw,f/ tqD wpfusyfom;&zdkY ydpyfyif
vufwpfayGUpmavmuf csuf&ygw,f/ tJ'DtqD[m tHhMoavmufatmif tpGrf;xufvdkY od'd¨0ifaq; tjzpfeJY wefzdk;
xm;cJhMuygw,f .../ (pm? 40)
7/ xdckduf&SemESifh ukef;aA'g (qD;csKd? aoG;csKd&dSol) ...

xdckdufrdNyD; ajcr ponf uGJoGm;&if ukef;aA'g (ac:) &Srf;ajy;yift½Guf vufwpfqkyfcefYcl;NyD; xkaxmif;um
'Pf&may:wGif t0wfjzifhtkHí pnf;ay;vkduf&m 3&ufcefYtMumwGif qD;csKd? aoG;csKd&dSol\ 'Pf&mrSm trm&Gwfyif
rusefbJ oufomaysmufuif;oGm;ygonf .../
(,ckwifjyaomukef;aA'grSm ydpyfyifjzpfygonf .../)
8/ yef;em&ifusyfa0'emESifhrk½dk;½Guf ...
ijzLBuD; (ac:) rk½dk;yifrSm tap;tjzLrsm; xGuaf vh&dSum EGm;EdkYwGifxnfhum cJapygonf/ yef;em&ifusyf
a0'emtwGuf rk½dk;½Gufajcmuf rD;½IdUí&aom taiGUtm; &SL½dIufjcif; (rdIif;cHjcif;) jzifh oufomapygonf/ (pm? 66)
9/ aoG;Ekom;Ek? xkHusOfudkufcJ/ &if;jym;wpfyJ? xif;wpfvSnf; ...

aoG;Ekom;Ekqdkwm awGUu&m tpm;tpmawG rpm;&bl;/ ]]rdIwpfESpf? rQpfwpfv}} wJh/ rdIudk wpfESpfjynfhrS
pm;&w,f/ rQpfudk wpfvjynfhrS pm;&w,f/ udk,fvufudkufcJae&if &if;jym;jrpfudk aoG;aomuf/ &if;jym;jrpfudk
aoG;NyD;vdrf;? wpfudk,fvkH;vl;ay;/ ]]&if;jym; wpfyJ? xif; wpfvSnf;}} vdkYawmif pmqdk&dSw,f/ t"dyÜg,fu &if;jym;jrpf
wpfyJom;aoG;NyD; aomufjcif;[m xif;vSnf;wpfp;D rD;vIHwmeJY twlwlyJqdkwJh oabm .../ (pm? 72)
10/ 0JtpdkESifh a&eHacs;? razmufxkH; ...

a&eHacs;ESifh razmufxkH; qwla&mpyfum tyltenf;i,fay;í temay:okwfvdrf;ay;ygu okH;&uftwGif;
t&nfw&TJ&TJ0JtpdkrSm ajcmufuyfoGm;ygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 78)
11/ uif;udkufjcif;ESifh MuufoGefeD ...

uif;ajcrsm;ESifh uif;NrD;aumufudkufvQif MuufoGefeD ESpfjcrf;cGJNyD; ,if;cJGjcrf;jzifh udkufonfhae&mudk
yGwfwdkufay;ygu oufomaysmufuif;ygonf .../ (pm? 82)
12/ 'l;emjcif;ESifh a&SmufoD;? MuufoGefeD ...

a&SmufoD;tpdrf;wpfvkH;udk xufjcrf;cGJNyD; tv,fA[dkwGif MuufoGefeDtv,ftvwf OwpfvkH;pmavmuf
csKdifhwpfckjyKvkyfNyD; MuufoGefeDudkjrKyfxm;yg/ NyD;u a&SmufoD;ESpfjcrf;udk ESD;jzifh jyefcsnfí tdk;wpfvkH;jzihf El;atmif
usKd&ygrnf/ usKdNyD;aoma&SmufoD;udk at;atmifxm;NyD; a&SmufoD;wpfjcrf;ESifh MuufoGefeDwpfjcrf;udk emaeaom
'l;acgif;ay:wifNyD;ywfwD;ESifh pnf;xm;yg/ usefwpfjcrf;udk aemufwpfaeY xyfrHpnf;aESmifyg/ oufomygu
xyfrHjyKvkyf&ef rvdkawmhyg .../ (pm? 88)
70
13/ qD;a&m*gESifhvufzuftpdk? ausmufcsOf ...

ausmufuyfomrcRwf,Gif;apeJY b,fvkdqD;a&m*grqdk oufomaysmufuif;Edkifw,f/ ausmufcsOfudk
trIefYBudwf? NyD;&iftcsdeftqwl vufzufeJY a&mBudwf? BudwfNyD;om;aq;udk qD;oD;cyfi,fi,ft&G,fvkH;xm;/ wpfaeY
wpfvkH;pm;/ ESpf&uf? okH;&ifxuf ydkrpm;&bl;vdkY ajymygw,f .../ (pm? 100)
14/ rsufpdemESifh &Sm;apmif;vufyyf ...

rsufpdeD? rsufpdatmifh ponfrsm;twGuf &Sm;apmif;vufyyf twGif;om;tm; vTmum rsufcHGwGif uyfxm;
ay;jcif;jzifh oufomaysmufuif;aponf .../ (pm? 106)
15/ udk,fyltjrefusap&efESifh pm;aqmf'g? oMum; ...

tzsm;aMumifh tvGeftuJyljcif;? a&iwfjcif;jzpfcJhaomfpm;aqmf'g 1yJom;? oMum; 1yJom;a&mí a&at;ESifh
aomufaomf cE¨mtwGif;odkY aq;a&mufvQifa&mufjcif; acR;xGufvmrnf/ qD;csKyfjcif;uif;a0;vsuf ylavmifjcif;?
a&iwfjcif; Nidrf;at;í tzsm;a&m*gaysmufuif;ygrnf .../ (pm? 121)
16/ qD;atmifh? ausmufwnfESifh jynfvkH;csrf;om ...

jynfvkH;csrf;omtyif yÍöig;yg;ygatmif wpfyifvkH;udk a& (50)usyfom;jzifh jyKwfyg/ jyKwf&nf
yGufyGufqlvmNyD; 5rdepfcefYtMumwGif csNyD; tat;cHyg/ at;aomtcg oMum; (3)usyfom; xnfhNyD;arTyg/ wpfaeY
okH;Budrf rSefrSefaomufygu ausmufwnf? qD;atmifhemrsm; aysmufuif;ygonf .../ (pm? 125)
(aq;tcsdeftwG,fryg b,favmufaomuf&rvJ ...¿)
17/ EIwfcrf;uGJ? usD;uef;yg;pyfESifh xrif;tdk;qlvmaom tjrKyf ...
EIwfcrf;uGJtufjcif; (usD;uef;yg;pyf) jzpfygu xrif;tkd;qla0&mrS usvmaom tjrKyfwdkYjzifh wdkYay;?
okwfay;jcif;jzifh oufomaysmufuif;apygonf .../ (pm? 128)
18/ avxdk;? avatmifhESifh qifwkH;rEG,f ...

qifwkH;rEG,f? qm;ykyfcJ? ysm;&nf? a&Smuf&nf tJ'aD v;rsK;d (5)usyfom;pD qwla&mNyD; xkaxmif;vkH;í
ae&dyfwGif aoGUatmifvSef;xm;yg/ t&G,fuawmh refusnf;aphcefYaygh/ eHeuf (2)vkH;? n (2)vkH; aomuf/
aq;aomufNyD;&if a&t0aomufay;/ avxdk;? avatmifh oufoma&m .../ (pm? 130)
19/ avjzwfjcif;ESifh usD;tm;oD; ...

pma&;ol\ aqGrsKd;wpfOD;rSm avjzwfcH&aomaMumifh vufwpfzufESifh ajcwpfzufrSm vkH;0 vIyf&Sm;r&onfh
tjyif pum;ajym&mwGifvnf; ryDoawmhyg/ 'Daq;enf;av;aMumifhtckqdkvQif ajcvufrsm; vIyf&Sm;EdkifNyD; vrf;vnf;
aumif;aumif;avQmufvmEdkifygonf/pum;vnf; yDyDoo ajymEdkifvmygonf/
aq;enf;rSm usD;tmoD;tyif&JUOudk wl;,lyg/ a&pifpifaq;NyD; cyfyg;yg;av;vSD;xm;yg/ vSD;xm;aom
usD;tmoD;O (5)usyfom;ukd ESrf;qDppfppf (5)usyfom;jzifh ',ftkd;oefYoefYwGif xnfhausmfyg/ usD;tmoD;Orsm;
<uyf&Gvmonftxd aMumfNyD; taMumfzwfrsm;udk z,fxm;yg/
aMumfxm;aomqDjzifh avjzwfxm;aom ajcvufwdkYtm; vl;ay;yg/ ESdyfES,fay;yg/ tom;ta&rsm; aEG;axG;rI
&dSvmNyD; ESpfywfcefY qufvl;vkdufygu aumif;pGm vIyf&Sm;vmEdkifygonf .../ (pm? 158)
20/ tdyfraysmfjcif;ESifh 'efYuRJ½Guf ...

tawG;rsm;íaomfvnf;aumif;? tanmif;rsm;íaomfvnf;aumif;? tpmtdrfrS avylxí aomfvnf;aumif;?
avtm;tay:twufrsm;í aoG;wufjcif;? acgif;udkufjcif;? ZufaMumwufjcif;? em;,m;jcif;? em;xJrS
71
toHpkHMum;&jcif;wdkYaMumifh tdyfraysmfcJhaomf 'efYuRJ½Gufudk jyKwfí oMum;tenf;i,fxnfhNyD; aomufvQif

tdyfaysmfaponf/ tjrpfukd qefaq;&nfESifh aoG;NyD;aomufay;vQifvnf; tdyfaysmfapygonf .../ (pm? 171)
21/ tylusdwfeJY eEGif;cg;O ...

yg;csdwfatmufESifh aygifMum;wGif tylusdwfaygufcJhvQif eEGif;cg;Oudk aoG;vdrf;yg/ (3)Budrfxuf ydkrvdrf;&yg .../
(pm? 176)
22/ qHyiftwGufenf;wpfvuf ...

qHyiftzsm;rsm;eDí ysufwJhqHyifuysufESifh qHyifawG t½kyfqdk;aevQif acgif;ravQmfcif qHyifudk tkef;qD
&TJepfaeatmifvdrf;ay;/ NyD;&if 1em&D? 2em&D avmufaeNyD;rS acgif;avQmf (bmacgif;avQmf&nfeJYrqdk)/ NyD;&if qHyif
tajcmufcHNyD;&if tkef;qD (axmvywfqkd ydkaumif;) vdrf;ay;vdkuf&if qHyif[m El;nHhaysmhaysmif;NyD; eufarSmifvmrSm
trSefyJ .../ (pm? 174)
23/ aq;pGrf;aumif;wpfvuf ...

(1) eHYomjzL ... 8yJom;
(2) eHYomeD ... 1usyfom;
(3) i½kwfaumif; ... 1usyfom;
(4) avn§if; ... 1usyfom;
(5) rifaomf ... 1usyfom;
aq;tr,f (1) rS (4) txd pkaygif;Budwfyg/ rifaomfudk oD;oefYBudwfNyD;rS a&maESm&ygrnf/ NyD;vQif
avvkHaomykvif;wGif xnfhoGif;odrf;qnf;yg .../
aq;okH;pGJenf;rSm ...
(1) oGm;udkuf? oGm;em? oGm;usOf;vQif oGm;tajcrSm odyfay;&rnf/
(2) rl;arm? acgif;ukdufvQif aq;rIefYtenf;i,fudk vuf0g;wGifyGwfí&SL&rnf/
(3) rl;arma0'emjyif;vQif a&Smuf½Guf? MoZm½Guf? rmvum½GufwdkYESifh aq;rIefYa&mpyfí yGwf&SLay;&rnf/
(4) cE¨mudk,f&Sdef;wdef;? zdef;wdef;jzpfaevQif aeraumif;csifovdk jzpfaevQif aq;rIefYtenf;i,fukd a&aEG;ylESifh
aomuf&rnf/
(5) csrf;zsm;? wkefzsm;jzpfvQifvnf; aq;rIefYoifh½kHudk a&aEG;ylESifh aomufEdkifonf/
(6) ESmap;? ESmydwfvQif aq;rIefYenf;enf;pD vufz0g;ay:wifí ememyGwf&SL&rnf/ rMum? rMum&SLay;vQif
15rdepfcefYtMumwGif oufomaysmufuif;ygonf .../ (pm? 185)
72
24/ cg;emESifh qifaygif;qD ...

qifwkH;rEG,ftpkd (2)usyfom;? ESrf;qDppfppf (10)usyfom;? owåKtkd;wpfvkH;? ykvif;wpfvkH;wkdYudk,lyg/
ypönf;pkHvQif qifwkH;rEG,fudk uGrf;n§yfESifh ykvif;twGif; xnfhí0ifap&ef aoi,fpGmn§yfyg/ n§yfNyD;vQif
ykvif;twGif;odkYxnfhyg/ ESrf;qD (10)usyfom;yg a&mxnfhyg/ xnfhNyD;vQif yHktwkdif; rD;ESifh ESrf;qD? qifwkH;rEG,fwdkYudk
aygif;yg/
yHkygtwkdif; ykvif;twGif;qDESifh tkd;twGif;a&rSm wlnDrsOf;jzpf&rnf/ (a&rsufESmjyifESifh qDrsufESmjyif
wlnD&rnf)/ a&qlatmif rD;ESifhcsufí a&cef;vQif a&xyfxnfhyg/ okH;em&DcefYcsufvQif aq;tqD&ygNyD/ xdkaq;tqDudk
tat;cHí cg;emonfhae&mtwGif; pdrfh0ifoGm;atmif vdrf;ay;jcif;jzifh cg;emoufomapygonf/
taMumnyfí emaomcg;? (tav;tyifraom) 'PfaMumifh emaomcg;? aoG;av ravQmufaomaMumifh
emaomcg; ponfwkdYudk oufomaysmufuif;apygonf .../ (pm? 188)
o Q o Q o
73
74
(12) azGazG&Sm&Smwdkif;&if; aq;ynm

a'gufwmatmifEdkif (aq;okawoe)
yxrtBudrf? 2005? 'DZifbmv/ wefzdk; 1200usyf/ ausmfñGefY&nfpmay .../
1/ temaygufjcif;ESifh rmvum½Guf? ysm;&nf ...

tvdkvdkaygufaom temjzpfap? xdckduf&Semjzpfap rusufEdkifaomtcg rmvum½Gufudk jymcsí ysm;&nfESifh
azsmfvdrf;Edkifonf/ 'd|aysmufonfhaq;aumif;wpfvufjzpfonf .../ (pm? 111)
2/ ESvHk;wkef&ifckef? touf&SLr0wJh a0'emESifh emewf? oMum;? ysm;&nf ...

emewfoD;udk oMum;eJY ,dkxdk;NyD; ysm;&nfeJY pyfNyD;aomuf&ifESvHk;wkef&ifckefNyD; touf&SLr0wJh a0'em
oufomapygw,f .../ (pm? 140)
3/ oefusapaom emewfoD;ESifh ysm;&nf ...

emewfoD;rSmygwJh b½dkrmvif (Bromelin) "mwfaMumifh oefusapw,fqkdwm okawoejyKvkyf
awGU&Sdxm;ygNyD/ emewfoD;udk ysm;&nfav;eJY pm;&ifydkaumif;ygw,f/ uav;rdcifawGtaeeJY uav;awGudk ESpfwdkif;
emewfoD;auR;NyD; rSefrSefoefcsay;oifhygw,f/ emewfoD;[m oefus½Hkru tm[m&twGufyg taxmuftul
&apygw,f .../ (pm? 141)
4/ temref;? rD;avmifzk? a&aEG;ylavmifjcif;ESihf emewfoD; ...

emewf½Gufudk rD;tHk;NyD; n§pfvkdY&wJht&nf[m temtwGufaumif;vSygw,f/ rD;avmifzkxwmwdkY a&aEG;yl
avmifwmwdkY qdk&ifvnf; tJ'Demewf½Guf rD;tHk;NyD; n§pfvdkY&wJh t&nfudk vdrf;ay;&if csufcsif; oufomapygw,f .../
(pm? 141)
5/ 0rf;udkufa0'emESifh upfrDuGpf (Kiss me quick) ...

wdkif;&if;aq;aumifpD0if q&mBuD;OD;ÓmPfvGifu 0rf;udkufa0'emcHpm;ae&aom a'gufwmatmifEkdifwdkY ZeD;
armifESH ESpfOD;vkH;tm; ]]q&mhrSm bmaq;awGygyg aomufraeeJYawmh/ tJ'Dtyifu (Kiss me quick u awmifBuD;rSm
b,fvdrfnmvdrf vdkYac:w,f/) t½Guf 4½Gufcl; vwfvwfqwfqwf 0g;pm;vkduf/ NyD;&ifvm? xrif;twlpm;r,f/
q&mh0rf;udkuf aysmufNyDomrSwfayawmh .../}}
tyl0rf;udkufjzpfapwJh trD;bm;0rf;udkufjzpfjzpf? tat;0rf;udkufjzpfwJh bufpDvm&D0rf;udkufjzpfjzpf
aysmufw,f/ 0rf;avQm? 0rf;ysufvnf;aysmufw,f/ aysmufwmrS xl;xl;jcm;jcm;udk aysmufwm/ olUudk aq;ynm
tvdkuawmh ]]&Sm;apmif;od*Feduf}} vdkY ac:w,f/ (&Sm;apmif;rsKd;0if) teDyGifh? t0gyGifhponfjzifh&Sdw,f/ t0gyGifhu
ykdpGrf;w,f/ t½Guf\ t&omrSmcsOfjyHK;jyHK;av; .../
(a'gufwmatmifEdkifwdkYESpfOD;) t½Gufav;½GufpD 0g;pm;tNyD; xrif;[if;awGudk NrdefNrdefBuD; pm;vkduf Muygw,f/
pm;ae&if; (a'gufwmatmifEdkif) pdwfxJrSmawmh ]]tif; ... igawmh &owPSmaMumifh 'ku©a&mufrvm; rodbl;/
q&mBuD;OD;ÓmPfvGifajymovdk aysmuf&ifaumif;yg&JU ydkqdk;vm&ifawmh aq;jyif;BuD;awG aomufcs &awmhrSmyJ/
aemufaeYc&D;qufzdkY&mvnf; &ufa&TU&awmhrSmyJ ...}} ponfjzifh awG;aerdygw,f .../
(a'gufwmatmifEdkifu qufajymonfrSm) ]]'gayr,fhcifAsm ... xl;vnf;xl;wJh aq;yifygyJ/ tJ'Daq;½Guf
4½Gufpm;NyD;uwnf;u bmaq;rS xyfrpm;&awmhbJ (ZeD;onfyg ESpfa,mufvkH;) 0rf;udkufa&m*gaysmufoGm;wm
Kiss me quick (ac:) b,fvdrfnmvdrf (ac:) &Sm;apmif;od*eF duf&JU aus;Zl;aMumifhyg ...}}/ (pm? 169)
75
6/ tiftm;jynfhNzdK;tvSwdk;apzdkY pHy,fyGifhajcmuf? ESif;qDyGifhvTmajcmuf? vufzufajcmuf ...

pHy,fyGifhajcmuf? ESif;qDyGifhvTmajcmuf? vufzufajcmufokH;rsKd;udk qwla&mpyfxm;NyD; oHk;aqmifcgeD;wGifrS
,if;trIefYajcmuf vufzuf&nfZGef; (2)ZGef;pmudk a&aEG;qlql wpfzefcGufü 10rdepfcefY pdrf&ygrnf/ ,if;aq;&nfxJ
odkY ysm;&nf? oHyk&m&nf oifhovdkpyfí aomuf&ygonf/ tiftm;jynfhNzdK;? tvSwdk;aponf[k qdkygonf .../ (pm? 188)
7/ aoG;om;rrSefanmif;ukdufjcif;? tjzLqif;jcif;? qD;yl? qD;atmifhjcif;ESifh pHy,fyGifh? oMum;?

oHyk&m&nf ...
trsKd;orD;rsm;aoG;om;rrSefí anmif;ukdufjcif;? tjzLqif;jcif;? trsKd;om;rsm; qD;yl? qD;atmifhjzpfvQif
pHy,fyGifhudk oMum;ESifh BudKum? oHyk&m&nftenf;i,fpGufí aomufyg .../ (pm? 191)
8/ iSufzsm;ESifh yifpdrf; ...

iSufzsm;jzpfwJhvlawGudk yifpdrf;½GufjyKwfwkduf&if xl;xl;jcm;jcm;yJ iSufzsm;a&m*gawG uif;pifoGm;ygw,f .../
(pm? 214)
9/ tpmtdrfa&m*g? tpmtdrftemaygufjcif;? tlodrfOD; tem? tpmraMujcif;? cHwGif;ysufjcif; ESifh EdkudkO ...

EdkudkO ... oifhavsmfaomyrmPudk,lí tcHGETmNyD; yg;yg;vDS;xm;yg/ xdkodkY vDS;í&aom tpyg;av;rsm;udk
zefcGuf odkYr[kwf a<uyef;uefxnfhNyD; ,if;tpav;rsm;jrKyfatmif ysm;&nfavmif;xnfhyg/ ysm;&nf0vmatmif
pdrfxm;yg/ oHk;&ufajrmufonfhaeYrSpí ysm;&nf0vmaom tvGefEl;nHhaysmhaysmif;onfh EdkudkOtzwfuav;rsm;udk
ysm;&nfESifhtwl 0g;pm;yg/ wpfckcsif;? wpfzwfcsif;,lí rMumrMum 0g;pm;yg/ tpmtdrfa&m*g aysmufuif;
oGm;ygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 196)
10/ cg;em? cg;½kd;usD;aygif;wufESifh yifpdrf;½Guf ...

cg;em? cg;½dk;usD;aygif;wufa&m*gtwGuf yifpdrf;½Gufudk tHkaq;tjzpf tokH;jyKEdkifygw,f .../ (pm? 216)
11/ temvkH;BuD;awG? tusdwfawGESifh yifpdrf;½Guf ...

yifpdrf;½Gufudk a&oefYoefYESifh a&me,fxkaxmif;NyD; tjrpfrxGufEdkifwJh temvkH;BuD;awG? tusdwfawGay:rSm
tkHay;&if ta&mifavsmhNyD; tjrpfvnf; tjref uRwfxGufygw,f/ tom;EkwufNyD; temvnf; tusufjrefygw,f .../
(pm? 216)
12/ rdwf? ,m;em? ayG;? 0JajcmufESifh yifpdrf;½Guf ...

ta&jym;rSmjzpfwwfwJh rdwf? ,m;em? ayG;? 0JajcmufpwmawG jzpf&if yifpdrf;owåK&nfudk aomufvnf;
aomuf oHyk&m&nfeJY a&mNyD;vdrf;ay;&if tjrefaysmufygw,f .../ (pm? 216)
13/ em;jynf,dk? em;udkufESifh yifpdrf;½Guf ...

em;jynf,dk? em;udkufwJhtcg yifpdrf;½Guf vwfvwfqwfqwfudk rD;tkH;NyD; em;xJt&nfn§pfxnfh&ifvnf;
aysmufuif;ygw,f .../ (pm? 216? 219)
14/ uav;avxdk;avatmifh? Adkufem? oefa umif? wkwfaumifxESifh yifpdrf;½Guf ...

uav;oli,fawG avxdk;atmifhjzpfwJhtcg? oefxNyD; AdkufemwJhtcg yifpdrf;½Guf&nfeJY csif;pdrf;&nf a&mpyfNyD;
oMum;av; enf;enf;pyfNyD; wkdufay;&ygw,f/ yifpdrf;½GufowåK&nf[m tlwGif;uyfyg;awGjzpfwJh oefaumif?
wkwfaumifawGudkvnf; &Sif;Edkifygw,f .../ (pm? 214)
76
15/ acsmif;qdk;? vnfacsmif;emESifh yifpdrf; ...

acsmif;acsmufqdk;wm? tqkwfav>yefa&mifwm? vnfacsmif;emwmawGjzpf&if yifpdrf;½Guf? csif;? MuufoGefeD
owåK&nf (3)rsKd;udk pyfNyD; aomufay;&ygw,f/ 'gqdk ovdyf&? &ifacsmifNyD; acsmif;qdk;vnf;aysmuf? vnfacsmif;em
wm? ,m;wmawGvnf; aysmufuif;apEdkifygw,f .../ (pm? 219)
16/ <uufEdkY? wif;wdyf? rSJUajcmuf? c½koif;ESifh yifpdrf; ...

aMu;eDzvm;uav;wpfvkH;wGif a&Smuf&nf ESpfZGef;xnfhNyD; nodyfxm;yg/ aemufwpfaeYrSm yifpdrf;owåK&nf
ESpfZGef;? uaomhykyft½GufowåK&nf ESpfZGef; xyfxnfhNyD; tJ'D aMu;zvm;av;udk t&nfawG yspfvmwJhtxd
aevSef;&ygw,f/ t&nfawGyspfvm&if zefykvif;oefYoefYxJ ajymif;xnfhNyD;vkdtyfovdk vl;ay;&if wif;wdyf?
rJSUajcmufpwJh tpufajymufawG? <uufEdkYpwmawGomru c½koif;udkyg aysmufapygw,f .../ (pm? 220)
17/ xl;wJhtmvl; ...

tmvl;pdrf;azsmf&nf ( Fresh Potato Juice) ESifh uifqma&m*g? tonf;a&m*g? qD;csKda&m*g?
tpmtdrfa&m*g? ausmufuyfa&m*g? ESvkH;a&m*g? aoG;wkd;a&m*g? cg;em? yckH;em? usD;aygif;a&m*g ponfwdkY
oufom Edkifjcif;? aysmufuif;Edkifjcif;taMumif;w&m;rsm; ...
,aeY ... *syefEdkifiHrSm "mwfpmazsmf&nfwpfrsKd; acwfpm;aeygw,f/ vltrsm;pdwf0ifpm;vmatmif pwif
azmfxkwfaqmfMocJholuawmh *syefAk'¨bmombkef;awmfBuD; t&SifwdkrDZm0 (Master Tomizawa) yJjzpfygw,f/
xifay:ausmfMum;wJh "mwfpmazsmf&nfuawmh ... ]]tmvl;pdrf;azsmf&nf}} (Fresh Potato Juice) yJjzpfygw,f/
*syefEdkifiHwpf0ef;vkH;u tmvl;pdrf;azsmf&nfaMumifh a&m*goufomaysmufuif;oGm;wJh vlemawG? vlem&Sif
awGqDu aus;Zl;wifaMumif; yvlysHovkd a&mufvmwJhpmawGudk t&SifwkdrDZm0 vufcH&&dScJhygw,f .../
q&mawmfu ]]'DESpfxJrSm uifqmvlemtrsm;tjym;[m tmvl;pdrf;"mwfpmudk rSD0JcJhMuNyD; rDS0JcJhMuwJhtxJu
vltawmfrsm;rsm;[m ododomomoufomoGm;MuvdkY aorif;EIwfcrf;0u jyefvmEdkifcJhMuygw,f}} vdkY ajymjyygw,f
.../ (pm? 236)
tmvl;pdrf;t&nf wpfzefcGufu? ESpfzefcGuftxd aeYpOfrDS0JoGm;&if tonf;a&m*g? qD;csKda&m*g?
tpmtdrfa&m*g? ausmufuyfa&m*g? ESvkH;a&m*g? aoG;wkd;a&m*g? cg;em? yckH;em? usD;aygif;a&m*gawG aysmufuif;
w,fvkdY qdkMuygw,f/ aysmufuif;aMumif; te,fe,f t&yf&yfu axmufcHpmawGvnf; &&dSxm;aMumif; od&ygw,f/
om"uwpfckjy&&if ]]rpöwmwD}} qdkol[m em;½Gufatmufem;rSm tzkwpfckay:vmwmeJY aq;½kHoGm;jyawmh
uifqmtusdwfqdkNyD; cGJpdwfukoMuygw,f/ 'DYaemuf NyD;cJhwJhESpftxd "mwfuifcJhygw,f/ 'gayr,fh uifqmuvyf
pnf;awGuawmh tqkwfxJwkdifatmif ysHUESHUoGm;ygNyD/ oufqdkif&mq&m0efBuD;awGuvnf; uifqmuvyfpnf;awG
ysHUESHUaeNyDjzpfvdkY ukovdkYr&awmhbl;vdkY qdkygw,f .../
'Daemuf ]]rpöwmwD}} [m tmvl;pdrf;&nf"mwfpmtaMumif; Mum;od&wJhtwGuf t½IH;r&dSbl;qdkNyD; aomuf
Munfhygw,f/ tñTef;twdkif; aeYpOf&ufquf ZJGaumif;aumif;eYJ aomufcJhw,f/ tJ'Dvkd ZGJaumif;aumif;eJY aomufcJh
wJhtwGuf tcktcsdefrSmawmh uifqmuvyfpnf;awG avsmhusoGm;NyD; xdef;csKyfxm;EdkifNyDrdkY usef;rma&;eJYcGeftm;
jyefaumif;vmygw,f/ rlvtvkyftudkifudkvnf; jyefNyD;vkyfudkifEkdifcJhygNyD .../
okawoD t&SifwkdrDZm0u olY&JU ]]uifqma&m*g aMumufp&mrvdk? usef;rmapaMumif; enf;vrf;aumif;}}
(The Way Healthy Life : Cancer not to be Feared) qdkwJhpmtkyfrSm uifqma&m*gukd cGJpdwfukochJonfh
wkdifatmif vlem&JU taMumufw&m;aMumifh uifqmuvyfpnf;awGysHESHYukefygw,f/ NyD;awmh a0'em&Sif[m
uifqmaq; awG tqufrjywfrSD0J&NyD; "mwfuifukorIukdvnf;cH,lcJh&ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh tJ'DvlemawG[m
a&m*gvkH;0aysmufuif; oGm;NyD;qkdwJhowif; rMum;&oavmufygy/J tJ'DvkdrMum;&wJhtjyif tJ'Djyif;xefwJh ukxHk;awG&JU
77
ab;xGufqkd;usKd;awGukdawmh vlemucHcJh&ygw,f/ tusKd;quftaeeJY vlem[m cHwGif;ysufjcif; tiftm;csdeJYvmjcif;

wYkdjzpfvmygw,f .../
tmvl;pdrf;&nf"mwfpmukd aomufjcif;tm;jzifh ab;xGufqkd;usKd;awG rcHpm;&wJhtjyif wpfaeYwjcm;
tiftm;awG jynfhNzKd;vmwmawGU&ygw,f/ NyD;awmh tmvl;[m oUlyifukd,fukdu tm[m&"mwfawGeJY jynfhpkHwJh
tpmwpfrsKd;jzpfwJh twGuftusKd;r,kwfygbl/ 'gtjyif oUlukd rSefrSefrSD0Jjcif;tm;jzifh uifqmuvyfpnf;awGukd
[efYwm;apw,fvkdY azmfjyxm;ygw,f/
tmvl;pdrf;&nf"mwfpm[m ukd,fwkdif vG,fvG,fulul azmfpyfEkdifNyD; csufcsif;vufiif; aomufokH;Ekdifygw,f/
tcsdefwkdtwGif;rSm ol&JUtmedoifukdawGxdcHpm;Ekdifygw,f/ wpfywf? ESpfywfavmuf aomufNyD;wmeJY emusifukdufcHrI
a0'emawG wpfp? wpfp avsmhyg;oGm;ygw,f/ cHwGif;ysufaewmeJY tom;t&nfawGyg jyefaumif;vmygw,f.../
tmvl;pdrf;&nf"mwfpmukd txl;ojzifh axmufcHwJh aemufwOD;uawmh a'gufwm ukdifEkd&Sdw
(Doctor Kinoshita) jzpfygw,f/ olUtqkdt& tmvl;ukd Oa&mywkdufom;awGu wpfcsdefwkefqDu
]]r[myx0DajrBuD;&JU yef;oD;}} (Apple of the great earth) vkdYac:cJhaMumif;od&ygw,f .../
tmvl;rSm tm[m&"mwfawG pkHpkHvifvifyg&SdNyD; txl;ojzifh Akdufwmrif ]]pD}} "mwfeJY xkH;"mwfwkdY
trsm;qkH;yg0if ygw,f.../ a&S;a[mif;*syefaq;usrf;awGrSm tmvl;pdrf;&nf"mwfpmukd tpmtdrftemaygufjcif;?
0rf;csKyfjcif;awG twGufay;&aMumif; azmfjyxm;ygw,f .../
uifqmuvyfpnf;awGukd xdef;csKyfEkdifwmeJY ywfoufNyD; tmuDwwuúokdvf aq;ynmXmeu ygarmu©
um*grD (Professor Kagami) utmvl;uae uifqmuvyfpnf;ukd xdef;csKyfapEkdifwJh "mwfukd&SmazGazmfxkwfcJh
ygw,f/ tJ'Daq;eJY <uufuav;awGay:rSm prf;oyfMunfhwJhtcg tvm;tvm aumif;rGefaMumif; awGU&ygw,f .../
ol[m tJ'DawGU&Sdcsufukd pmwrf;jyKpkNyD; *smrPDEkdifiHrSm rESpfuusif;ycJhwJh ... tjynfjynfqkdif&m
uifqmnDvmcH (International Cancer Society Conference) rSm zwfMum;wifoGif;cJhygw,f .../
aemufqufwGJtaeeJY tmvl;pdrf;&nf"mwfpm[m uifqmomru aoG;wkd;? qD;csKdeJY ausmufuyfa&m*gawGyg
aysmufuif;apaMumif; awGU&jyefygw,f/ NyD;awmh tmvl;pdrf;&nf "mwfqm;azsmf&nfvkyfief;uvnf; tvGefvG,fulyg
w,f .../
t&G,ftvwfpm; tmvl; (3)vkH;ukd,lNyD; .../ a&pifatmifaq;yg/ tcGHrETm&yg .../
tpkdYtaygufav;awG &Sd&ifawmh z,f&Sm;ypfyg ... NyD;vQif tmvl;ukd ocGm;jcpfovkdrsKd;eJY ao;ao;rTm;rTm;
av;awGukd oefY&Sif;wJh ydwfpdrf;yg;peJY xkyfNyD; t&nfn§pf,lyg (tkef;EkdYn§pfovkdn§pf,lyg)/ NyD; tJ'Dt&nfukd zefcGufxJ
rSmxnfhNyD; t&omaumif;atmif ysm;&nfenf;enf; a&mpyfNyD;aomufyg .../
tJ'D tmvl;pdrf;&nfukd eHeufwkdif; wpfcGufEIef; aomufay;Ekdifygw,f .../ (pm? 235)
18/ xdcdkuf'Pf&m? rkwfqdwf&dwf"m;&SESifh ausmufcsOf...

xdckdufrdvkdY 'Pf&mtemw&jzpfvQif ta&jym;rSmaoG;jcnfOcJh&if? qHyif? rkwfqdwf&dwfvkdY "m;&SrdcJh&if
ausmufcsOfukd a&oefYoefYESifhaoG;vdrf;ayyg/ a&S;uaqwåmonfawG[m ausmufcsOfukd tNrJaqmifxm;avh&SdNyD;
ausmufcsOfyGwfNyD;rS rkwfqdwf&dwfay;Muygonf .../ (pm? 297)
(aqwå = jzwfonf? zsufqD;onf) .../
19/ rdwf,m;?ESif;cltpkd? tqdyf&Sdykd;rTm;ukdufESifh ausmufcsOf ...
aEG&moDrSmyltkdufvGef;vkdY rdwfawGaygufNyD; ,m;,HaecJh&if ausmufcsOfa& usJusJazsmfvdrf;yg/ rSuf? jcifpwJh
tqdyf&Sdykd;rTm;udkufwJhtcg ausmufcsOfukd yspfyspfazsmfvdrf;yg/ ESif;cltpkdukdvnf; ausmufcsOfrIefY jzL;ay;&if?
ajcmufoGm;NyD;t,m;oufomapygw,f .../ (pm? 298)
20/ ausmufcsOfESifh tqDus? tom;uspfydefaq; ...
78
ausmufcsOfukd trIefYjyKNyD; ',ftkd;xJxnfh rDtylwkdufay;&if xkH;vkd azG;azG;jzLwJhtrIefY (ausmufcsOfrD;azmuf)

ukd&r,f/ tJ'DtrIefYwpfa&G;om; aeYpOfrSefrSefpm;ay;&if tqDustom;uspfNyD; ydefapw,fvkdYod&ygw,f .../ (pm? 298)
21/ rsufpda&m*g? em;a&m*gESifh ausmufcsOf...

rsufpdem? rsufcrf;pyfeJY rsufpdpGHwJhtcgrsKd;rSm ausmufcsOfa& usJusJcyfay;Ekdifygw,f em;jynf,kd? em;udkufwJh
tcgrSmvnf; ausmufcsOf&nf xnfhay;vkdY&ygw,f.../(pm? 298)
22/ tdyfraysmfwJha&m*gESifh ausmufcsOf? uRJEkdYrvkdif...

(EGm;EkdYr[kwf) uRJEkdYrvkdifeJY ausmufcsOfrIefY a&mpyfNyD;aomufay;&if tdyfraysmfwJha&m*g aysmufuif;NyD;
ESpfESpfNcdKufNcdKuftdyfaysmfapygw,f .../(pm? 198)
23/ cHwGif;eHYraumif;jcif;ESifh ausmufcsOf? pm;qkd'g ...

wpfcgwpf&H 0rf;wGif; tyltykyfrpifvkdYjzpfap? oGm;zkH;eJYoGm;awG raumif;vkdYjzpfap cHwGif;teHY
raumif;jzpfwwf ygw,f .../
pm;qkd'g ESpfq? ausmufcsOfwpfqa&mNyD; rIefYnufaeatmifBudwfay;yg/ tJ'Daq;rIefYeJY oGm;zkH;awGukd tom
wkdYay;yg/ oGm;yGwfwHoHk;p&m rvkdyg/ NyD;&if a&oefYoefYeJY yvkyfusif;ypfyg/ raumif;wJhteHYawG aysmufoGm;½kHrQru
oGm;zkH;eJY oGm;rsm;yg oefY&Sif;oGm;ygvdrfhr,f .../ (pm? 299)
24/ oGm;ykd;pm;? oGm;ukdufESifh ausmufcsOf?y½kwf...

oGm;ykd;pm;NyD; oGm;ukdufcH&if ausmufcsOfrIefYeJY y½kwfrIefYa&mNyD;ukdufaewJh ae&mwpf0kdufukd tomodyfay;yg/
rMumcifoufomoGm;ygvdrfhr,f .../ (pm? 299)
25/ temtzkvHk;? tusdwfvHk;ESifh ausmufcsOfysm;&nf...

ta&jym;rSmtzkvHk;awG? tusdwfawGay:vm&if ausmufcsOfrIefYwpfq? ysm;&nfESpfq oratmifa&myg/ tJ'D
aq;&nfukd tusdwftzkwkdYtay: xlxlav;okwfvdrf;NyD; ywfwD;pav;tomuyfay;½kHeJY El&ifydefvkdY? &ifY&ifaygufNyD;
aysmufoGm;ygvdrfr,f .../(pm? 299)
26/ oGm;zkH;a&pD;urf;NydKaoG;xGufESifh ausmufcsOfwrm½Guf...

oGm;zkH;awGa&pD;urf;NyKdvkdufNyD; aoG;cPcPxGufae&if ausmufcsOfeJYwrm½Guf a&mNyD; oGm;zkHwpfavQmuf
tomyGwfay;yg .../ (pm? 300)
27/ ESmacgif;aoG;vQHESifh ausmufcsOf ...

ESmacgif;aoG;vQH&ifawmh 0g*Grf;ukd ausmufcsO&f nfqGwfNyD; ESmacgif;0rSm tomqkdYxm;yg/ tJ'Dtckduf
twefYrSmawmY toufukdyg;pyfeJY &SLyg/ rMumcif aoG;wdwfoGm;ygvdrfhr,f .../
(ausmufcsOf[m vG,fulxda&mufwJh aq;wpfvufjzpfwmrkdY tdrfwkdif;aqmifxm;oifhygw,f) .../ (pm? 300)
o Q o Q o
79
80
(13) a&m*gokw aq;okw

a'gufwmatmifEkdif (aq;okawoe)
yxrtBudrf? 2002? azaz:0g&Dv/ wefzkd; 750usyf/ awmf0ifpmay .../
1/ ÓmPftm;aumif;apjcif;ESifh jrif;cGm½Guf ...

jrif;cGm½Gufukd ae&dyfrSm aoGUatmifvSef;yg.../
(1) jrif;cGm½Gufajcmuf ... 5 rl;om;
(2) Am'HapxJutqef ... 7 aph
(3) i½kwfaumif;aph ... 8 a&G;om;
(4) oMum; ... 1.5 usyo f m;
tm;vkH;pkaygif; a&maxmif;NyD; eHeufapmapm 0rf;xJrSm bmtpmrSr&Sdcsdef a&eJYaomuf&ygw,f.../
aeYpOfaomufvkdY wpfywf? ESpfywftMumrSm ÓmPftm;awGaumif;vmjcif;? OD;aESmuftm;aumif;vmjcif; ESifh
rSwfÓmPfawG xufoefvmaMumif; odomvmygvdrfr,f .../ (pm? 3)
2/ OD;aESmuftm;aq;ESifh Am'HoD;ysm;&nf ...

Am'HoD;tay:cGHu tom;[m arhwwfolawG? rSwÓf mPfenf;olawGtwGuf tm;ukd;wpfckygyJ/ 'gukdvnf;
tdE´d,EkdifiHeJY oD&dvuFmEkdifiHawGrSm okawoejyKxm;NyD;ygNyD ... olwkdYqDrSm ysm;&nfeJY ,kdxkd;NyD; OD;aESmuftm;aq;
tjzpfay;Muygw,f .../ (pm? 4)
(Am'HoD;tm; t&yftac: ... b@moD;/ b@myifrStoD; .../)
3/ ODaESmuftm;aq;ESifh Am'HoD;? axmywf ...
Am'HoD;aysmfaysmf(12)vkH; (wpfq,fESpfvHk;)ukd pifMu,fatmifaq;NyD; tay:om;ukdZGef;eJY jcpf,lyg/ NyD;&if tJ'D
aysmhzwfawGukd axmywfenf;enf;eJY a&macsyg/ oroGm;wJhtcg ZGef;eJYcwfpm;yg/ wpfaeYwmtwGuf aq; jzpfygw,f
.../ (pm? 4)
4/ rSwfÓmPfaumif;jcif;ESifh Am'HqD ...

Am'HqDukd aq;qkdifawGrSm 0,f,l&Ekdifygw,f/ tJ'DAm'HqD (10)pufavmufukd ESm&SLay;yg/ (reufwpfBudrf?
nwpfBudrf)/ rSwfÓmPf ododomomwkd;wufvmygvdrfhr,f .../ (pm? 4)
5/ wkwfauG;ESifh yifpdrf;? csif; ...

wkwfauG;jzpf&if ]]Akdufwmrif-pD}} [mvnf; aumif;aumif;taxmuftuljyKw,fvkdY wcsKdUokawoe awGU&Sd
csufawGuqkdygw,f/ pGwfjyKwfvkd? qefjyKwfvkd El;nHhNyD;tpmaMuvG,fwJh tpm;tpm ylylaEG;aEG;ukdvnf; aomufokH;
oifhygw,f .../
tm;ukd;xkdufwJhaq;wpfrsKd;u yifpdrf;½GufajcmufeJY csif;ajcmufukdqwla&mxm;wJh aq;rIefYukdEGm;EkdY? oMum;
a&mpyfvkdY vufzuf&nfaomufovkd ylylav;aomufay;yg/ wpfaeY okH;MudrfrS av;Mudrftxdaomufay; Ekdifygonf.../
awmfawmfav;xda&mufwJh aq;jzpfygw,f .../ (pm? 18)
6/ wkwfauG;ESifh eEGif;rIefY ...

eEGif;rIefY vufzuf&nfwpfZGef;ukd a&eJYvHk;NyD; EGm;EdkY ylylav;? aumfzDylylav;eJY aomufay;Ekdifygw,f/
wpfaeYoHk;Budrfaomufay;&if jrefjreftzsm;aysmufvkdY jrefjrefevefxvmrSmjzpfygw,f/ ajcanmif;? vufaojzpfjcif;?
81
0rf;csKyfjcif;? ovdyfxjcif;awGukdvnf; aysmufuif;apygw,f/ Muyfckd;av; enf;enf;a&mNyD; aomufEkdif&if

ykdaumif;ygw,f .../ (pm? 19)
7/ avema&m*gESifh qD;jzLoD;? EG,fcsKd ...

qD;jzKoD;tajcmuf(taphryg&) ukd trIefYaxmif;? EG,fcsKdrIefYqwla&mNyD; wpfcgaomuf [if;aomufZGef;
(wpf)ZGef;/ wpfaeY 2Budrf? 3Budrfxdaomufay;Ekdifygw,f .../ (pm? 39)
8/ avema&m*gESifh zD;Murf;iSufaysmoD;tpdrf; ...

iSufaysmoD;tpdrf;&ifh&ifh(rrSnfh? raysmfao;) ukdtcGHETm tom;ukdyg;yg;vSD; tajcmufvSef; trIefYjyKNyD;? tJ'DtrIefY
[if;aomufZGef;eJY wpfZGef; wpfaeY 2Budrf? 3Budrf a&ESifhjzpfap EGm;EdkYESifhjzpfap aomufay;&if avemaysmufapygw,f
.../ (pm? 39)
9/ yef;em&ifusyfESifh acG;ao;yef;½Guf ...

azmfjyxm;wJh t½GufawGukd ae&dyfrSmajcmufaoGUygap aq;tm;vHk;pkNyD; trIefYjyKyg/ NyD;&if ysm;&nfeJY
awNyD;a&G;aphcefYt&G,f tvHk;av;awGvHk;xm;yg/ uav;twGufwpfaeY wpfvHk;? vlBuD; 2vHk; uae 4vHk;xd?
a&aEG;eJY wkdufay;Ekdifygw,f ../ (pm? 65)
(1) acG;ao;yef;yifyÍöig;yg; ... 10 usyfom;
(2) rk&m;Bu;D ½Guf ... 10 usyo f m;
(3) &Sm;apmif;BuD;ukdif;EkEk ... 5 usyfom;
(4) r½kd;½Guf (ijzLBuD;) ... 5 usyfom;
(5) ZD;jzLoD;ajcmuf ... 5 usyfom;
(6) w½kwfpum; ... 5 usyfom;
(7) qm;avSmf ... 5 usyfom;
10/ yef;em&ifusyfESifh awmMuufarmufaq;vdyf ...

1/ awmMuufarmuft½Gufajcmuf
2/ r½kd;½Gufajcmuf (ijzLBuD;)
3/ y'dkif;nKd½Gufajcmuf
4/ uGrf;½Gufajcmuf
txufyg (4)rsKd;ukd ae&dyfrSmvSef; ½Sdef;ckdt&nfazsmfNyD; enf;enf;zsef;ay;yg/ aumif;aumif;ajcmufvQif
a&Smuf½GuftajcmufESifh aq;vdyfukdvdyfxm;yg/ armNyD;usyfvmNyDqkd&if tJ'Daq;vdyfukd rD;&SdKU NyD; aomuf½SKay;yg .../
touf&SL&wm acsmifvmNyD; &ifusyfwm oufomvmygvdfrfhrnf .../ (pm? 65)
11/ qD;Budwfa&mifa&m*g (nbuf cPcP qD;oGm;csifwJha&m*g) ESifh cHwuf½Guf ...

qD;Budwfa&mifa&m*gvu©Pmrsm;
(1) qD;poGm;&wm cufcJjcif;? qD;xGufatmifacsmhNyD;rSoGm;&jcif;/
(2) qD;oGm;csifNyDqkd&if ckcsufcsif;xoGm;&rvkd tvQifpvkdjzpfjcif;/
(3) qD;vHk;u wjznf;jznf;ao;vmNyD;? a0;a0;a&mufatmifryef;EkdifbJ tm;aysmhvmjcif;/
(4) omrefoGm;&if qD;rukefEkdifbJ ykdrkdtm;pkdufNyD;n§pfxkyf vkdfufrSukefwwfjcif;/
(5) nbufqkd&if cPcP xNyD;qD;oGm;csifvkdYtdyfa&;ysuf&jcif;/
(6) qD;oGm;NyD;aomfvnf; rukefao;bJ wpfpuf? wpfpufusaeao;vkdY abmif;bD? ykqdk;ponf
qD;pkdukefwwfjcif;/
82
(7) qD;oGm;ayr,fhvnf; r0ao;bJ xyfNyD;oGm;csifaeNyD; qD;usefwJha0'emukdcHpm;ae&jcif;/

(8) wu,fvnf; qD;tdrfxJrSm qD;enf;enf;usefaewwfygw,f/ usefaewmMumvmawmh ulpufa&m*g
ykd;awGaMumifh ykyfokd;NyD; qD;tdrf a&mifvmwwfjcif;/ xkdtcg qD;oGm;&if ylpyfylavmifjzpfjcif;/
qD;tdrfxJrSmvnf; rtDrvnfjzpfaejcif;/
(9) wpfcgwpf&H tzsm;odyfrBuD;aomfvnf; zsm;wwfjcif; ajcaxmufeJY cg;awGrSm anmif;nmukdufcJ
aewwfjcif;/
(10) ½kwfw&uf qD;roGm;Ekdifonfhtjyif qD;tdrfBuD; azmif;aeonfhtwGuf nOf;ñlatmf[pf&avmuf
atmif tcH&cufjcif; .../ (pm? 117)
ukoykH.../
wkdif;&if;aq;enf;t& pdwfcs&NyD; xufjrufwJhaq;yifuawmh ukef;cHwufygyJ/ olYt½Gufukd csnfzwfxnfh
a&mif;wJh cHwufyifygyJ .../ cHwuf½Guf (3)½Gufukd a&oifh½kH yPmreJY (ESpfcGuf wpfcGufwif) usKdNyD; aeYpOf
aomufoifhygonf/ tjrpftacgufukd ausmufysOfoefYoefY rSmaoG;NyD;&vmwJh tESpfryspfrusJukd a<uZGef;BuD;wpf
ZGef;usaomufay;yg .../ (pm? 121)
12/ qD;rxdef;Ekdifaom a&m*gvu©PmESifh owdjyK&rnfhtcsufrsm; ...

(1) qD;rMumrMumoGm;wwfygw,f/
(2) qD;xGufuscgeD;rS qD;oGm;csifpdwf ay:vmwwfygw,f/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh qD;oGm;csifNyDqkd&if
csufcsif;jyefoGm;&jyefygw,f/ atmifhxm;vkdYr&bJ xGufuswwfygw,f wcsKdUqkd qD;oGm;csifpdwfawmif
rjzpfawmhbJ qD;tdrfwif;wmeJY olYtvkdvkd xGufuswwfygw,f/
(3) acsmif;qkd;jcif;? ESmacsjcif;? tm;&yg;&&,fjcif;? tav;tyifrjcif;?ponfwkdYtrSwfrxifjyKrd&ifvnf;
qD;xGufoGm;wwfygw,f/
(4) wcsKdUuawmh wpdrfhpdrfheJY tNrJyJpkdaewwfygw,f/ tcktcHawG a&jr§KyfawG oefY&Sif;a&;ypönf;awG
b,fvkdokH;oHk; ]]qD;eYH}} eHaewwfygw,f/ txl;ojzifh oufBuD;&G,ftkdawG? avief;orm;awG
cg;qpf½kd;xdxm;olawGrSm jzpfwwfygw,f/ jzpfavh&Sdygw,f/
(5) tdyfaysmfae&ifvnf; qD;oGm;wwfygw,f .../ (pm? 42)
owdjyK&rnfhtcsufrsm;
(1) udk,f0ef½SdcsdefrSm cg;atmufykdif;eJY wifyg;qkHykdif;<uufom;awGukd arG;zGm;&vG,fatmif avhusifhay;yg/
(2) qD;roGm;bJ tMumBuD; atmifhrxm;oifhygbl;/
(3) vrf;avQmufjcif;pwJh ayghyg;aom udk,fvufvIyf&Sm;rI vkyfay;NyD; ukd,ftav;csdefrwkd;atmif *½kjyKyg.../
(pm? 44)
13/ ausmufuyfa&mifa&m*gESifh Bwdzv... (opfqdrfhoD;? MupkoD;? qD;jzLoD;= Bwdzv)

rsufemazmoGyfoGyfjzpfjcif;? qD;yljcif;? usOfjcif;? eDjcif;? aoG;ygjcif;? cg;emjcif;? wpfcgwpf&H ysKdUjcif;? Akdufemjcif;?
acgif;ukdufjcif;? tefjcif;? 0rf;ysufjcif; awGjzpfEkdifygw,f/ qD;enf;enf;ESifh wppfppf rMumcPoGm;wwf ygw,f.../
(pm? 122)
ukoykH .../
ausmufuyfa&mifwJholukd a&rsm;rsm;aomufapNyD; tyltpyfawG? tiefawG? 'Hayguf? xrif;aMumf?
MumqHaMumf? bJuifpwJh taMumfawGtuifawG vufvkyfcsOfawG a&Smif&ygw,f/ qD;enf;&if rkefvmOukd t&nfn§pf
NyD;wpfcgaomuf 300 pDpD wpfaeY (2) Budrfwkdufyg .../ (pm? 124)
aumif;aumif;tdyfpufem;ae&ygr,f ... zsm;ae&if avpdrf;twkdufrcHygeJY/ 0rf;csKyf&if 0rf;rSefrSefoGm;atmif
aqmif½Gufyg .../ Bwdzv (opfqdrfhoD;? MupkoD;? qD;jzLoD;) ukd trIefYjyKí tdyf&m0ifcsdefrSm vufzuf&nfZGef; wpfZGef;
83
a&at;eJYjzpfap? EGm;EdkYeJjzpfap aomufyg/ aq;ukvm;rukd a&rpdrfbJ tajcmuftwkdif; trIefYMurf;jyKí

vufzuf&nfwpfZGef; a&eJY aomufyg .../ (pm? 124)
y&Eé0gyif yÍöig;yg;ukd tajcmufvSef; trIefYjyKí wpfcgaomufaq;csdef wpfyJom;ukd...wpfaeYoHk; Budrfwkdufyg/
ausmufz½kH[if;csKd? jrif;cGm½Guf[if;csKd? Muuf[if;cg;[if;csKd? uefYuvm½Guf[if;csKd ponfwkdYukdvnf;
wkdufay;oifhygw,f .../ (pm? 124)
14/ yoda&mif (tmoD;a&mif) a&m*g ...

vnfyif;BudwfawG Muyfxkyfxkd;ay;jcif;? vufcsm;eJY ysm;&nfpyfNyD;ikHay;jcif;? 'efYovGefjrpfukd qm;eJYaoG;
xm;wJh (t&nfusJusJukd) ikHay;jcif; jyKEkdifygw,f/ NyD;awmh EG,fcsKdrIefY? y'JaumrIefY? vif;aerIefYukd ysm;&nfeJYpyfvkdY
rMumcP vsufay;&ifvnf; aysmufEkdifygw,f.../ (pm? 130)
15/ rsufESmwpfjcrf;aoa&m*gESifh BuD;av;aumifaq; ...

rsufESmukdaxmufyHhwJh trSwf(7) OD;aESmuftm½kHaMum[m em;o,fem;uxGufwmrkdY tJ'Dae&mw0kdufukd
qm;Muyfxkyfxkd;ay;&ygr,f/ atmufygaq;ya[Vduav;ukd azmfxkyfNyD; aq;azmfEkdifygw,f/ aq;enf;ya[Vdu
]]BuD;av;aumif? aMumifeJY zd? aMumifqifeif;? qifuifyGef;wyf}} jzpfygw,f/
BuD;av;aumifqkdwmu vufxkyfBuD;? ouf&if;BuD;? oyGwfBuD;eJY? caygif;BuD;wkdYyg... aMumifeJYzd qkdwmu
aMumifyef;½Gufukdqkdvkdwmyg/ aMumifqifeif;qkdwm... qifwkH;rEG,fyg/ qifuifyGef;wyfqkdwmu uifyGef;csOf½Gufukd
qkdvkdygw,f.../
BuD;av;aumifaq; ...
(1) vufxkyfBuD;acguf ... wpfusyfom;
(2) ouf&if;BuD;jrpf ... wpfusyfom;
(3) oyGwfBuD;jrpf ... wpfusyfom;
(4) caygif;BuD;jrpf ... wpfusyfom;
(5) aMumifyef;½Guf ... ESpfusyfom;
(6) qifwkH;rEG,f ... ESpfusyfom;
(7) uifyGef;csOf½Guf ... ESpfusyfom;
aq;tr,fawGpkNyD; trIefYjyKxm;yg/ yg;wpfjcrf;aoNyD; &GJU&if aq;rIefY vufzuf&nfwpfZGef;ukd wpfaeY
ESpfBudrf a&aEG;eJY aomufoifhygw,f .../ (pm? 156)
16/ 0ufjcHaysmufaq;enf; ...

(1) uopfzk (uopfql;) ukd aoG;vdrf;&ifvnf;aysmufEkdifygw,f .../
(2) z½kHoD; tn§mtajcmufukdqefaq;&nfeJY aoG;NyD;vlay;&ifvnf;&ygw,f .../
(3) jrif;cGm½Guft&nfn§pfNyD;? tJ'DowåK&nfukd vdrf;ay;&ifvnf; aysmufygw,f .../ (pm? 178)
o Q o Q o
84
(14) vufawGUtoHk;0if½kd;&maq;yifE Sifhaq;enf;rsm;

armif,OfEG,f
yxrtBudrf? 2002? atmufwdkbmv/ wefzk fd; 800usyf/ tm;refopfpmay .../
1/ qHyifjzL? qHyifuRwfjcif;ESifh u&ruf ...

u&rufonf eHYomeD? eHYomjzL? tausmf? prÜm? u&ruf ... [laom eHYomrsKd;ig;yg;wGif yg0ifonf/ t&G,fr
a&mufao;bJ qHyifjzLjcif;? qHyifrsm;taxG;vkdufuRwfjcif;rsm; jzpfaeygvQif u&rufukdaoG;í qm;tenf;i,f
xnfhNyD; tdyf&m0ifwkdif; [if;cyfZGef; wpfZGef; aomufay;yg .../ (pm? 16?19)
2/ ESvkH;wkef?&ifckefolrsm;? aoG;yla&m*g&Sifrsm; ESifh u&ruf ...

ESvHk;wkef &ifckefolrsm;? aoG;yla&m*g&Sifrsm; u&rufukd a&csKd;NyD;wkdif; wpfukd,fvkH; aoG;vdrf;ay;yg/ xkdYaemuf
u&rufaoG;xm;aomt&nfukd [if;cyfZGef; wpfZGef;aeYpOfaomufyg .../ (pm? 19)
3/ rdwfzkrsm;xGufjcif; ESifh u&ruf...

rdwfzkuav;rsm;? rdwfzkBuD;rsm;xGufí ,m;vQif u&rufukd qm;ESifhaoG;í a&csKd;NyD;wkdif; wpfudk,fvHk;vdrf;
ay;yg? tjrefaysmufonf .../ (pm? 19)
4/ jynfwnfaomtemESifh u&ruf ...

jynfwnfaom temjzpfvQif temukda&jzifh pifMu,fpGmaq;í u&rufukd aeYpOf aoG;vdrf;ay;yg
temtaysmufjrefonf .../ (pm? 19)
5/ tylBuD;í tjyif;zsm;ESifh u&ufruf...

tjyif;zsm;í tylBuD;vQif u&rufaoG;&nfESifh Muuf[if;cg;owåK&nf a&mpyfí rMumcPvdrf;ay;yg/ þokdY
rvdrf;rD vlemukdyxrOD;pGm xkdt&nfjzifh awmufay;yg/ xkdaemuf t0wfyg;yg;jzifhjcHKxm;&rnf/ rMumrD ukd,fylrsm;
avQmusoGm;ygvdrfhrnf .../ (Muuf[if;cg;½Gufr&vQif qefaq;&nfjzifh tokH;jyKEkdifygonf/)(pm? 19)
6/ n§if;wif;wdyfESifh yifv,fuopfzk ...

uopfzk (2)rsKd; &Sdonf/ yifv,fuopfESifh awmifuopf/ yifv,fuopfzkukd ausmufjyifwGifaoG;í vdrf;ay;
jcif;jzifh tom;t&nf acsmrGwfvmNyD; n§if;? wif;wdyfpaom ta&jym;a&m*grsm;ukdvnf; aysmufuif;aponf/
tom;t&nfukdvnf; at;jrapí udk,fwGif;&Sd tylckd;rsm;ukd xkwf,lEkdifpGrf;&Sdygonf .../ (pm? 21)
7/ ESvkH;wkef? &ifckef? tdyfraysmf? qD;0gcsKyf? 0rf;csKyf? ezlyl? ajczsm;vufzsm;at;ESifh uifyGef;csOf½Guf ...

uav;? vlBuD;? usm;r ra&G; qD;0gcsKyf? 0rf;csKyf? ezl;yl? ajczsm;vufzsm;at;? ESvHk;wkef? &ifckef? tddyfraysmf?
acR;rxGufí zsm;ema&m*grsm; jzpfaevQif uifyGef;csOf½GufMurf;ukd oMum;ESifh usKdí qm;pdrf;cyfNyD;vQif aeYvnf(12)
em&D tcsdefwGif vlBuD;jzpfygu vufzuf&nfMurf;yef;uefwpfvHk; ylylrIwfaomufyg/ aemufacR;atmif;yg/
aemufoHk;em&D wpfBuDrfaomufyg .../ (pm? 25)
8/ tom;0gESifh uifyGe f;csOf½Guf ...

(1) uifyGef;csOf½GufMurf;oefYoefY ... ig;usyfom;
(2) xef;vsuf ... wpfq,fom;
(3) a& ... wpfyód m
85
tm;vHk;a&mpyfNyD; ig;q,fom;usefatmif tdk;tzHk;zGihfí usKdyg/ wpfBudrfaomuf ESpfusyfom;cefY

wpfaeYoHk;Budrf wkdfufay;jcif;jzifh tom;0ga&m*g aysmufuif;onf/ tom;0ga&m*g jzpfaepOftwGif; tyltpyfrsm;? qD
om;ig;rsm;? EkdYtrsKd;rsKd; a&SmifMuOfyg/ toD;t½Guf? opfoD;0vH rsm;ukdpm;oHk;vQif taumif;qkH;jzpfonf .../ (pm? 26)
9/ aoG;tH? aoG;0rf;? ESmacgif;aoG;,kdESifh uefpGef;O ...

uefpGef;Oukd jyKwfNyD;yg;yg;vSD;um tajcmufvSef;? trIefYaxmif;? *vlukdYpf? oMum;ponfwkdYESifh csifhcsdefí
a&usufat;jzifh wkdufyg/ tqkdyga&m*grsm; aysmufuif;csrf;omrnf .../ (pm? 31)
10/ qD;yl? anmif;usESifh uefpGef;½Guf ...

qD;ylanmif;usESifh a&iwfemrsm;twGuf uefpGef;½GufowåK&nfukd oMum;a&mí vufzuf&nf
tMurf;yef;uefjzifh wpfaeYoHk;cgaomuf/ qD;ESifh a&iwfa&m*g aysmufuif;onf .../ (pm? 32)
11/ rD;avmifem? a&aEG;ylavmifemESifh uefpGef;½Guf...

uefpGef;½GufowåK&nfukd rD;avmifem? a&aEG;ylavmifemay:okdY 0g*Grf;jzifh t&nfukdqGwfNyD; rMumcP
vdrf;ay;yg/ ylavmifjcif; oufomí taysmufjref\ .../ (pm? 32)
12/ tylusdwfrsm;ESifh upGef;½kd;eD ...

vnfyif;ESifh aygifxdyf tylusdwfrsm;xGufvQif uefpGef;½kd;eD ESpfpD;ukd xef;vsuf (3)cJavmufESifh xuf0ufus
atmifBuKdyg/ wpfaeY oHk;Budrfaomufay;jcif;jzifh aysmufuif;onf/ tcsKdUutusdwfrsm;xGufvQif uifqma&m*gxifí
tvGefaMumufMuonf/ txufygenf;twkdif; aiGukefaMu;usr&SdbJ &ufqufaomufay;yg/ tusdwfrsm;aMuí tyl
rsm;usoGm;ygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 32)
13/ tqdyfoifhjcif;ESifh uefpGef;½Guf ...

tqdyfwpfrsKd;oifhygu uefpGef;½GufowåK&nfukd rMumcPwkdufay;jcif;jzifh tqdyfoifhjcif;rS aysmuf
uif;Ekdifygonf .../ (pm? 32)
14/ yg;pyfeHjcif;? yg;pyfwGiftemaygufjcif;? oGm;zkH;rSaoG;,kdjcif;? aoG;0rf;oGm;jcif;ESifh uefpGef;½kd;eD ...

uefpGef;½kd;teDukd refusnf;rSnfhjzifh csnf&nf[if; csufpm;yg .../ aeYpOfpm;vQif txufyga&m*grsm;
aysmufuif;onf .../ (pm? 33)
15/ vdyfacgif;a&m*gESifh w½kwfuefpGef; ...

vdyfacgif;tjyifokdYxGufí rcHomatmifusdef;pyfjcif;? atmifhpaoma0'emrsm; cHpm;ae&ygu uefpGef;½GuftjzL
(w½kwfuefpGef;) ukdxkaxmif;? t&nfn§pf,lNyD; pdrfEkdifaomypönf;wpfckwGif xnfhí rMumcP pdrfay;vQif oufom
16/ oGm;udkufjcif;ESifh MuufoGefeD ...

oGm;ukdufvQif ukdufaomoGm;tay: MuufoGefeDpdwfukd zdukdufxm;yg/ cPem;yg/ cPMumvQif
MuufoGefeDpdwfukd txufygtwkdif; oGm;jzifhzdukdufxm;ygOD;/þokdY &yfem;vkduf ukdufvkduf rMumcPjyKvkyfay;vQif
17/ ESmacgif;aoG;vQHjcif;ESifh MuufoGefeD...

MuufoGefeDOBuD; vDS;í emem&SLay;yg .../ (pm? 145)
86
18/ em;ukdufjcif;ESifh MuufoGefeD ...

em;ukdufvQif MuufoGefeDOukd rD;zkwfí cyfaEG;aEG;wGif t&nfn§pfí em;wGif;okdY tpufcsxnfhay;yg/
em;ukdufaysmufonf .../ (pm? 37)
19/ qHyifjzLjcif;ESifh MuufoGefeD ...

qHyifjzLrsm;vmvQif aeYpOfMuufoGefOeDukd tenf;i,fvDS;íOD;a&ukdyGwfwkdufay;yg/ t&nfukefvQif
enf;enf;xyfvSD;í wpfzefyGwfwkdufay;yg/ þokdY yGwfwkdufay;oGm;ygu qHyifrsm;jyefeufvmygrnf .../ (pm? 36)
20/ acG;ukdufjcif;ESifh MuufoGefeD ...

acG;aumif;jzpfap? acG;½l;jzpfap tukdufcH&vQif a&jzifh'Pf&mudk pifMu,fatmifaq;ypfyg/ NyD;vQif
'Pf&mrsm;ukd n§pfNyD;tqdyfrsm;xkwfypfyg/ xkdaemuf MuufoGefeDOBuD 2 vHk;? 3vkH;ukd tpdrf;twkdif;
nufatmifaxmif;NyD; acG;oGm;ukdufxm;aom ae&mwGif tkHí ywfwD;pnf;ay;jcif;jzifh acG;½l;jyefjcif;?
acG;qdyfwufjcif;wkdYrS oufomaysmufuif;aponf .../ (pm? 37)
21/ uif;? tqdyf&Sd ykdrTm;rsm;ukdufjcif;ESifh MuufoGefeD ...

uif;ESifh tjcm;tqdyf&Sdaom ykd;rTm;rsm;ukdufvQif MuufoGefeDukdvSD;í 'Pf&mukd a&ESifh aq;aMumNyD;
ememyGwfwkdufay;yg/ rlvtqdyfukd ajyaponf .../ (pm? 37)
22/ qefykd;wG,fjcif;ESifh MuufoGefeD ...

qeftkd;xJü qefrsm;ukd ydk;rwG,fap&ef MuufoGeef D okH;av;vkH;ukd tNrJ xnfhxm;yg .../ (pm? 37)
23/ xdyfajymifjcif;ESifh MuufoGefeD ...

MuufoGefeDOBuD;ukd xufykdif;jzwfí ajymifaeaomxdyfukd yGwfwkdufay;yg/ wpfzefMuufoGefOukdxyf rHvSD;í
xyfrHyGwfwkdufay;yg/ þokdYaeYpOf yGwfwkdufay;jcif;jzifh ajymifaeaomxdyfrSm qHyifrsm;jyefvnfaygufEkdif ygonf .../
(pm? 37)
24/ acgif;&SdaAmuf? oef;rsm;ESifh MuufoGefeD ...

MuufoGefeDukdpdwfí wpfacgif;vkH;tESH? ememyGwfwkdufNyD; acgif;avQmfay;yg/ aAmufESifhoef;rsm;uifpifoGm;
ygvdrfrnf .../ (pm? 38)
25/ ausmufuyf? qD;ESifh MuufoGefeD...

MuufoGefeDOBuD; ESpfvHk;cefYukd av;pdwf pdwfí a&rwfcGufBuD;wpfcGufwGif reufpdrfxm;yg/ ntdyf&m0if
t0aomufyg .../ þokdY aeYpOfjyKvkyfoGm;vsif ausmufuyfESifh qD;raumif;jcif;rS oufomaysmufuif;apygonf .../
(pm? 38)
26/ aoG;wkd;ESvkH;ESifh MuufoGefjzL?ysm;&nf ...

tcGHETmNyD;aom MuufoGefjzLOwpfvkH;\ ywfvnfü wG,fcsdwfjzifh taygufuav;rsm; azmufNyD; ysm;&nfwGif
pdrfxm;yg/ wpfaeYvQifwpfBudrf ykvif;ukd vIyfcgay;yg/ ckESpf&ufjynfhvQif aq;0g;tjzpf toHk;jyKEkdifonf .../
MuufoGefjzLpdrfxm;aomysm;&nfukd [if;pm;ZGef; wpfZGef; reufwpfBudrf? nwpfBudrfaomufay;yg/
Ouav;rsm;ukdvnf; reufwpfO? nwpfO pm;ay;yg/ þokdYaeYpOfpm;aomufjcif;jzifh aoG;wkd;? ESifhESvkH;a&m*grsm;
oufomapygonf/
87
MuufoGefjzLonf aoG;yspfjcif; aoG;usJjcif;rsm;ukdumuG,fonf/ ESvHk;aoG;aMumrsm;wGif tqDyGm;jcif;?

ESvkH;aoG;aMum usOf;jcif;rsm;ukdvnf; umuG,fay;onf/ xkdaMumifh aoG;wkd;ESifh ESvkH;a&m*grsm;ukd
oufomjcif;jzpfonf .../ (pm? 41)
27/ acG;ukdufjcif;ESifh MuufoGefjzL ...

txufyg trSwfpOf (20) MuufoGefeDtwkdif; .../
28/ tqpfa&mifa&m*gESifh Muuf[if;cg;oD;tEk ...

Muuf[if;cg;oD;tEkukd rD;zkwfyg/ taeawmf&SdvQif rD;zkdrS q,fí t&nfn§pf,lNyD; xkdt&nfukd
tqpfa&mifaeaom ae&mrsm;ü rMumcPvdfrf;ay;yg .../ (pm? 44)
29/ qD;csKda&m*gESifh Muuf[if;cg; ...

Muuf[if;cg;yif yÍöig;yg;ukd "m;jzifh EkyfEkyfpOf;í a&jzifh okH;cGufwpfcGufwifusKdyg/ xkda&rsm;ukdppf,lNyD;
ykvif;oefYoefYwGif xnfhyg/ reufwpfBudrf? nwpfBudrf vufzuf&nfMurf;yef;uefwpfvHk; aeYpOfrSefrSefaomufoGm;yg
qD;csKda&m*g oufomaysmufuif;apygonf .../ (pm? 45)
aemufwpfenf;rSm Muuf[if;cg;yif yÍöig;yg;ukdowåK&nfn§pfí tMurf;yef;uef wpf0ufcefY aeYpOfrSefrSef
aomufay;jcif;jzifh qD;csKda&m*goufomapygonf.../ (pm? 46)
qD;csKda&m*g&Sdoltm; acwfrDud&d,mrsm;jzifh qD;ukdcsufí rSwfwrf;wifxm;yg/ xkdaemufMuuf[if;cg;&Gwfpdrf;
&nf(owåK&nf) ukdwkdufauR;yg/ xkdaemuf qD;udkxyfrH ppfaq;Munfyg qD;csKda&m*g oufomoGm;onfukd
tHzG,fawG&ygrnf .../ (pm? 11)
30/ azma&m*gESifh aMumifyef;½Guf? ouf&if;BuD;jrpf ...

aMumifyef;½GufowåK&nfwGif ouf&if;BuD;jrpfaoG;xm;onfh t&nfqwlxnfhí reufwpfBudrf? nwpfBudrf
aomufay;jcif;jzifh azma&m*g aysmufuif;aponf .../ (pm? 49)
31/ anmif;usa&m*gESifh aMumifyef;½Guf ...

anmif;usa&m*gjzpfvQif aMumifyef;½Guf okH;cGufwpfcGufwifjyKwfí reufwpfBudrf? nwpfBudrfaomuf
ay;ygu aysmufuif;apygonf .../ (pm? 49)
32/ cE¨mukd,fav;vHxkdif;rIdif;jcif;? ukd, fwpfjcrf;av;vHjcif;ESifh aMumifyef;½Guf ...

cE¨mukd,fav;vHxkdif;rIdif;jcif;? ukd,fwpfjcrf;av;vHjcif;jzpfvQif aMumifyef;½Guf okH;cGufwpfcGufwif jyKwfí
vufzuf&nftMurf; yef;uefvHk;wpfvHk;cefY reufwpfBudrf? nwpfBudrfaomufay;yg/ ukd,f&nfppfNyD; ½kyfav;vHrIrsm;
aysmufuif;ygrnf .../ (pm? 49)
33/ trsKd;orD;rsm; tom;ta&,m;jcif;? trnf;uGufrsm;jzpfjcif;ESifh BudwfrSef½Guf ...

trsKdorD;rsm; tom;ta&,m;vQif tndKrnf;uGurf sm;jzpfvQif BudwfrSef½GufjyKwfukdokwfNyD;
rSefrSefpm;ay;jcif;jzifh aysmufuif;apEkdifygonf .../ (pm? 52)
34/ trm&GwftjzLuGufBuD;rsm;ESifh BudwfrSef&Gwf...

ta&jym;ay:wGif 'Pf&maMumifh vnf;aumif;? rD;? a&aEG;ylavmifjcif;aMumifh vnf;aumif; t½kyfqdk;pGm
trm&Gwfrsm;? tjzLuGufBuD;rsm; usef&pfwwfygonf/ BudwfrSef½GufowåK&nfukd aeYpOfvdrf;ay;ygu aysmuf
uif;apygonf .../ (pm?52)
88
35/ qHyifeufjcif;ESifh BudwfrSef½Guf ...

BudwfrSef½Guf tajcmufvSef; trIefYjyK tkef;qDESifh a&mpyfí aeYpOfvdrf;ay;yg .../ (pm? 52)
36/ wkwfxkd;jcif; (ptkd0,m;jcif;) ESifh BudwfrSef½Guf ...

BudwfrSef½GufowåK&nfukd 0g*Grf;wGif qGwfí ptkd0wGifokwfay;yg .../
wkwfxkd;jcif;rS oufomaysmufuif;apygonf .../ (pm? 52)
37/ c½koif;? orifjzL ESifh BudwfrSefjrpf? zefcg;jrpf ...

BudwfrSefjrpf? zefcg;jrpfwkdYukdjymcsum ykef;&nfBuD;jzifh a&mpyfí aeYpOfvdrf;ay;jcif;jzifh c½koif;uGufrsm;
38/ rtkdremaq;ESifh BudwfrSef ...

BudwfrSef½Guf? ESrf;euf? qD;jzLoD;tajcmuf qwla&mpyfí trIefYjyKyg/ txufygaq;rIefYwpfqukd oMum;(3)
qjzifh xyfrHa&mpyfyg/ reufvufzuf&nfwpfZGef;? nvufzuf&nfwpfZGef; oHk;aqmifyg/ þaq;ukdrSefrSefpm;oHk;jcif;
jzifhtcsdefra&mufrD tkdjcif;? emjcif;? yg;a&wGefYjcif;? tiftm;ukefcef;jcif;? yef;ao;yef;n§Kd;jcif;?tom;t&nf
ajcmufcef;paom ½kyfvu©Pmrsm; oufomaysmufuif;apEkdifonf.../ (pm? 53)
39/ acsmif;qkd;jcif;ESifh csif;pdrf; ...

csif;pdrf;ukdvSD;í qm;ESifh wkdYpm; (odkYr[kwf ) csif;wufukdrD;zkwfpm; .../ ( pm? 74)
40/ acgif;ukdufjcif;ESifh csif; ...

acgif;ukdufvQif csif;pdrf;ukd yg;yg;vDS;í em;xifESpfbufwGif uyfay;Muonf/ tyl"mwfrsm;vQif rsm;ovkd
taysmufjrefonf/ em;xifwGif uyfaomcsif;rsm; ajcmufomG ;vQif topfvSD;NyD;xyfrH uyfay;yg .../ (pm? 74)
41/ ESmap;? acsmifqkd;? yef;em&ifusyfESifh csif;pdrf;? ysm;&nf ...

ESmap;? acsmif;qkd;? yef;em&ifusyfa&m*gjzpfvQif csif;pdrf;ukd xkaxmif;íowåK&nfn§pf,lyg/ xkdaemuf ysm;&nf
qm;pdrf;wkdYjzifh qwlpyfNyD; vQufay;jcif;jzifh txufyga&m*grsm; aysmufuif;onf.../ (pm? 74)
42/ oGm;ukduf? oGm;emESifh csif;pdrf; ...

oGm;emjcif;?oGm;ukdufjcif;ponf a0'emrsm;cHpm;&ygu csif;pdrf;ukd nufatmifaxmif; ukdufonfhae&m?
emonfhae&m wYkdü ikHxm;ygu oufomaysmufuif;apygonf .../ (pm? 74)
43/ csif;pdrf;ESifh em;ukdufa&m*g ...

csif;pdrf;owåK&nfukd rD;wGif aEG;aEG;uav;jzpfatmif jyKvkyfNyD; em;xJ xnfhay;vQif em;ukdufa&m*g oufom
44/ tqpftjrpfa&mif cg;ukduf? 'lukdufESifh csif;pdrf; ...

csif;pdrf;owåK&nf (5)usyfom;? ESrf;qD (5)usyfom;wkdYukd a&mí rD;jzifh csufyg/ a&ckd;a&aiGUrsm;cef;NyD;
tqDomusefaomtcg rD;zkdrScs tat;cH/ xkdtqDukd avvHkaomykvif;oefYoefYwGifxnfhNyD; tqpftjrpfa&mif&rf;
aomae&mrsm;? cg;ukdufaomae&mrsm;wGif reufwpfBudrf? nwpfBudrf vdrf;e,fay;jcif;jzifh tukduftcJa0'emwkdYrS
aysmufuif;apygonf .../ (pm? 74)
89
45/ qD;atmifh? qD;cJ? qD;csKyfESifh cHwuf ...

cHwufcsOfonf xrif;Nrdefapaom wkdYp&m jzpfonf/ qD;atmifh? qD;cJ? qD;csKyfjzpfvQif cHwuf½GufukdBudwfí
qD;pyfwGif tkHxm;jcif;tm;jzifhvnf;aumif;? cHwufacgufukdqm;ESifh aoG;í qD;pyfwGif vdrf;ay;vQifvnf;aumif;
qD;t&nfaysmfí usonfukdvufawGY ukozl;avonf .../ (pm? 79)
46/ acG;awmuf½GufESifh tema[mif; ...

tema[mif;rsm;ukd a&pifatmifaq;NyD;? acG;awmuf½Gufuyfay;u aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 79)
47/ acG;awmuf½GufESifh a&,kef ...

acG;awmuf½GufowåK&nfjzifh a&,kefrsm;ukdvdrf;ay;ygu a&,kefrsm;oufomaysmufuif;onf .../ (pm? 86)
48/ ukd,fylzsm;ESifh acG;ao;yef; ½Guf? Muuf[if;cg;½Guf? uGrf;½Guf (uav;rsm;)

uav;rsm; ukd,faiGUaEG;? ukd,fylvQif acG;ao;yef;½Guf? Muuf[if;cg;½Guf? uGrf;½GufwkdY\ owåK&nfjzifh
wpfukd,fvHk;vdrf;usHay;yg/ NyD;vQif t0wfyg;yg;uav;jzifhjcHKí aEG;axG;pGmxm;yg/ þokdYrMumcPvdrf;ay;jcif;jzifh
uav;i,frSm ukd,fylusapEkdifonf .../ (pm? 89)
49/ uav;acsmif;qkd;cRJusyfESifh acG;ao;yef;½Guf? uGrf;½Guf ...

acG;ao;yef;½Guf? uGrf;½Guf? owåK&nfwGif qm;tenf;i,fxnfhNyD; uav;i,fvQif vufzuf&nfwpfZGef;?
uav;BuD;vQif [if;pm;wpfZGef;wkdufMuonf .../ (pm? 89)
50/ tema&mif&rf;jcif;ESifh acG;ao;yef;yif ...

tan§mfaMumifhvnf;aumif;? tjcm;taMumif;aMumifhvnf;aumif; temrsm;a&mif&rf;aevQif acG;ao;yef; yif
yÍöig;yg; jyKwf&nfjzifh zef&nfaq;ay;ygua&mif&rf;jcif; aysmufuif;ítemusufjrefonf .../ (pm? 89)
51/ acsmif;qkd;yef;emESifh i½kwfaumif;? ysm;&nf ...

i½kwfaumif;rIefYukd ysm;&nfjzifhpyfí vQufay;cJhaomf tat;'PfaMumifhjzpfaom acsmif;qkd;yeff;ema&m*g
rsm;aysmufuif;onf .../ (pm? 95)
52/ toH0if? toHrxGufjcif;ESifh i½kwfaumif;? ysm;&nf ...

i½kwfaumif;rIefYESifh ysm;&nfqwlpyfí rMumcPvQufay;yg .../ toHjyefxGufvmygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 95)
53/ tom;0gESifh ikBuD; (zGm;buf) ...

ikyifrSm (3)rsKd;&Sdonf ...
1/ ikBuD; (zGm;buf) (tryif)
2/ ika&T (ikpyf) (tzkdyif)
3/ ikodef .../
okdY&mwGif ... ikBuD; (zGm;buf) ukdomvQif jrefrmwkdYaq;0g;ü tokH;jyKMuonf/ ikBuD; (zGm;buf) jrpfukdwl;í
a&jzifpifMu,fpGmaq;yg/ xkdaemuf "m;jzifh EkyfEkyfpOf;í okH;cGufwpfcGufwif usefatmif usKdyg/ NyD;u
vlBuD;vufzuf&nf tBurf;yef;uefwpfvHk; uav;[if;pm;ZGef;wpfZGef; wpfaeYoHk;Budrf oHk;&ufaomufay;jcif;jzifh
tom;0ga&m*g? tonf;a&m*g rkcsaysmufuif;onfh aus;vufaq;enf;jzpfygonf .../ (pm? 99)
90
54/ ½kd;&mtm;aq; (0g) obm0tm;aq; ...

zD;Murf;iSufaysmfoD;aysmfaysmfudk xef;vsufcJ ESpfvHk; (odkYr[kwf) ysm;&nfESifh aeYpOf aeYwkdif; wkdYpm;ay;yg .../
(pm? 103)
55/ avaq;vQufqm;ESifh qifwkH;rEG,f ...

&uefq&mBuD;OD;vef\ qifwkH;rEG,faq;enf;rSm vlwkdif;twGuf tvG,fwulazmfpyf pm;oHk;Ekdifonf/
aiGaMu;tukeftustaejzifhvnf; rrsm;? tmedoifrSmvnf; xufjrufvSonf/ odkYaMumifh q&mBuD;OD;vef\
aq;enf;ukdzGihfqkd wifjyvkduf&ygonf .../
(1) qifwkH;rEG,f(1)ydómukd yg;yg;vDS;í qefyHk;&nfwpfjrLom;ESifhpdrfyg ...
(2) ¤if;tay:okdY qm;(30) usyfom;jzLí a&cef;atmifjyKwfyg ...
(3) tqkdyg qifwHk;rEG,frsm;ukd a&cef;atmifjyKwfNyD;aemuf aeylwGifajcufaoGatmifvSef;yg...
(4) ajcmufaoGUoGm;aom qifwkH;rEG,frsm;ukd trIefYtjzpf Ekknufatmifaxmif;NyD; avvHkaomykvif;wGif
odrf;qnf;yg .../
txufyg qifwHk;rEG,fvQufqm;onf &ifjynfhjcif;? &ifu,fjcif;? avxkd;jcif;? avatmifhjcif;? tpmraMujcif;?
rtDromjzpfjcif; paoma0'emrsm;ukd ,lypfovkd taysmufjrefygonf .../ txufyga0'emrsm;cHpm;&ygu [if;cyfZGef;
wpf0ufcefYukd a&aEG;jzifh aomufay;yg/ vufiif;csufcsif;aysmufuif;apygonf .../ (pm? 121)
56/ ouf&Snfusef;rmjcif;ESifh qifwkH;rEG,f

qifwHk;rEG,fukd qiforEG,f? qififkdrPd? qifpmrEG,?f qifikdrEG,f ponfjzifh ac:Mu\ jrefrma&S;ola[mif;
wkdYonf ...
(1) tEG,fwGif ... qifwkH;rEG,f
(2) t½GufwGif ... &Sm;apmif;vufyyf
(3) toD;wGif ... ikoD;
(4) t&nfwGif ... ysm;&nf [lí touf&Snfaq;zuf0ifrsm;tjzpf owfrSwf .../
aq;enf;rSm ...
1/ qifwHk;rEG,f tajcmufrIefY ... 25 usyfom;
2/ odaE¨m ... 1 usy?f 8 yJom;
3/ ysm;&nf ... 50 usyo
f m;
txufygaq;tr,frsm;ukd oratmifarTí ae(3) &ufqufvSrf;yg/ tdyf&m0ifwGif vufzuf&nfZGef;wpf
ZGef; wpfaeYwpfBudrfpm;yg/ odkYr[kwf tqkdygaq;tr,fpkrsm;ukd tvHk;vHk;Ekdif½kHrQ ysm;&nfukdxnfhíqD;aphcefY vHk;NyD;
wpfaeYwpfvkH;us rSefrSefpm;oGm;yg/ qD;0rf;avrSefí aoG;om;oefY&Sif;NyD; usef;rm0NzdK;í touf&Snfap ygonf/
tjcma&m*gBuD;rsm;vnf; r0ifEdkifyg/ (pm? 125)
57/ wif;wdyfESifh xif;&SL;ESpf ...

rsufESmü wif;wdyfrsm;&SdvQif ntdyfcgeD;wGif ... xif;&SL;ESpfukd qefaq;&nfESifh aoG;vdrf;yg ... tvSysufonfh
trnf;uGufrsm;? tnKduGufrsm; rMumrD aysmufuif;oGm;rnf .../ (pm? 129)
58/ rif;wkef;rif; okH;aqmifcJhaomtm;aq; ...

y&efe0g yg;yg;vGm
oumysm;ESifhzuf
'efYovGefyGifh tkef;qH&ifh
csdefoifh nDrQpGuf
91
rif;wkef;rif;acgif oloHk;aqmif
bkef;a&mif aeokdYvuf
armif;rwpfaxmif
pGrf;tm;aqmif
pm;armif nOfh? eHeuf .../
y&efe0gyif yÍöig;yg;ukd yg;yg;vSD;í tajcmufvSef;? trIefYjyK/ xkdaemuf 'efovGefyGifhrsm;ukdvnf;
tajcmufvSef;? trIefYjyK / xkdaemuf tkef;oD;&ifh&ifhukd n§pfí&aomtqD (csufNyD;om;) ESifh oum&nf? ysm;&nfwkdYukd
qwla&mí rw;lrcspfatmif rD;aEG;aEG;jzifh csuf&rnf/ þaq;ukd rif;wkef;rif;BuD;ukd,fwkdif pm;oHk;cJhaMumif;
azmfjyxm;ygonf .../
þtm;aq;onf cufcufcJcJ r[kwfaomfvnf; yg0ifaomaq; tr,frsm;rSm tylrsm;jzpfí
]]wefaq;vGefab;}} [laompum;twkdif; csifhcsdefazmfpyf pm;oHk;oifhonf .../ (pm? 131)
59/ aoG;wkd;ESifh 'efYovGef½Guf ...

'efYovGef½GufMurf; vufwpfqkyfcefYukd okH;cGufwpfcGufwif usKdNyD; vufzuf&nftMurf;yef;uefwpffvHk;cefY
reuf? n aomufay;jcif;jzifh aoG;wkd;a&m*gukd usqif;aponf/ xkdokdY aoG;wkd;a&m*gusqif;oGm;&jcif;rSm
'efYovGef½GufwGif aoG;aMumrsm;ü ydwfqdkYaeaom ]]ukdvufpxa&m}} rsm;ukd azsmfxkwfay;EdkifpGrf; &SdaomaMumifh
aoG;wkd;EIef; usqif;oGm;jcif;jzpfygonf .../ (pm? 135)
('efYovGef½Guf owåK&nfvnf;&ygonf .../ OD;cefYausmfpmtkyfrS ...)
60/ temaqG;? tema[mif;rsm;ESifh 'EÅokc ...
'EÅokcukd tcsKdUa'ou ]]odMum;rukd#f}} [kac:onf/ tcsKdUt&yfu ]]ref;av;}} yif[k ac:onf/ temrsm;
raysmufbJ jynfwpkdpkd&SdaevQif ief;ref;vkdufí a&mifukdif;aevQif temukdpifMu,fpGm a&aEG;jzifh aq;yg/ xkdaemuf
'EÅokc½Gufrsm;ukd a&jzifh oefYpifatmifaq;í nufatmifaxmif;NyD; temay:tkHyg/ oHk;&ufcefYvkyfay;vQif temaqG;?
tema[mif;rsm; tHhzG,faumif;avmufatmif aysmufuif;oGm;ygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 137)
61/ oGm;ukduf? oGm;zkHa&mifESifh 'EÅokc ...

oGm;ukduf? tan§mfrd? oGm;zkH;a&mifaevQif 'EÅokc yÍöig;yg;ukd a&pifatmifaq;NyD; jyKwfum
qm;tenf;i,fcwfí rMumcPikHay;yg .../ (pm? 138)
62/ qD;a&m*g? anmif;us? tjzLqif;? aoG;wkd;ESifh 'EÅokc ...

'EÅokcyif yÍöig;yg;ukd a&pifatmifaq;í okH;cGufwpfcGufwifjyKwfyg/ tMurf;yef;uefvHk;jzifh
wpfaeYoHk;Budrfaomufyg/ thHMozG,faumif;atmifyif qD;yl? anmif;us? qD;eD? qD;0grsm;? aoG;wkd;a&m*grsm;
usqif;oGm;ygrnf/ a&m*gEkvQif (3)&ufcefY qufaomufay;jcif;jzifh oufomaysmufuif;apygonf/ (pm? 138)
63/ tylacsmif;ajcmuf? yg;pyfuGJ? eHjcif;ESifh 'EÅokc...

tylacsmif;ajcmuf?yg;pyfuGJ? eHjcif; jzpfcJhvQif 'EÅokcyifukd okH;cGufwpfcGufwif jyKwfaomufyg .../ (pm? 138)
64/ aoG;wkd;? qD;csKd? tpmtdrfa&m*gESifh eEGif;cg; ...

oefY&Sif;NyD;aom eEGif;cg;twufrsm;ukd oHqkHoefYoefYjzifh axmif;í ysm;&nfESifh a&marTyg/ NyD;vQif
i½kwfaumif;aphcefY tvHk;uav;rsm;vHk;í t&dyfxJü ajcmufaoGUygap/ rdrdwkdY½kyfESifh csdefí wpfvHk;wefonf?
ESpfvHk;wefonf reufwpfBudrf? nwpfBudrf pm;oHk;ay;yg/ 0rf;csKyfvQif 0rf;aysmhatmifjyKjyifyg/ txufyga&m*grsm;
92
aysmufuif;apEkdifNyD; ]]&om,e}} toufudkvnf; &Snfap\ .../ (pm? 138) (ysm;&nfcef;ajcmufoGm;vQif eEGif;cg;u

tEÅ&m,f 7dSonf/ om*'dk; .../)
65/ yef;emESifh y'kdif;½Guf ...
y'dkif;½Gufukd yg;yg;vSD;í aevSef;yg/ xkdYaemuf aq;vdyfuJhokdY vdyfí rD;n§dNyD; xGufay:vmaomrD;ckd;ukd
yef;em&Siftm;&SLcdkif;yg/ qkdYusyfaeaom cRJovdyfrsm; aysmfusvmaponf/ acsmif;[yfvdkufaomtcg cRJrsm;
twkH;vdkufxGufusvmaponf/ yef;ema&m*gEkvQif aysmufuif;NyD; a&m*g&ifhvQif oufomoGm;ygrnf/ NyD;rS
tjcm;aq;0g;? "mwfpmrsm; jzifhukyg .../ (pm? 156)
66/ tom;t&nfpkdjynfjcif;ESifh aygufyGifh ...

aygufyGifhukd tajcmufvSef;í vufzufajcmuftpm;cwfí aeYpOfaomufay;yg .../ tom;t&nf0if;0gpkdjynfí
qxufxrf;ykd; tvSusufoa&wkd;vmygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 164)
67/ trsKd;orD;rsm;udkufcJ? acgif;tHk? Zufav;jcif;ESifh aygufyef;jzLyGifh ...

trsKd;orD;rsm; "r®wmvmcsdefü aygufyef;jzLyGifhukd wkdYíaomfvnf;aumif;? okyfíaomfvnf;aumif;? pm;ay;yg/
qD;pyfudkufjcif;? wpfukd,fvHk;udkufcJjcif;? acgif;tkHjcif;? Zufav;jcif;wkdYrS aysmufuif;onf/ aygufyef;jzLyGifhonf
"r®wmaoG;ykyfrsm;ukd oufqif;apNyD; oefYpifapygonf .../ (pm? 166)
68/ avief;jzpfpESifh zHk;rodef ...

ukd,fwpfjcrf;ao? taMumqGJ? avravQmuf? tckd;ryGifhonfha&m*grsm;twGuf (avief;jzpfp) zHk;rodef? i½kwf?
rD;awmuft&uf? ESrf;qD? a&Smuf&nfwkdYjzifh a&mpyfNyD; reuf? n ESpfBudrfvdrf;ay;yg .../ (pm? 168)
69/ ½kd;&mtm;aq;ESifh zkH;rodef ...

zkH;rodef yÍöig;yg;(wpfyifvHk;) ukdjymcsyg/ xkdjymukda&ESifh azsmNyD;t&nfMunfukdjyefppf,lyg/ xkdodkY zHk;rodef
jym&nfukdppfí 3 ? 4 Budrfavmuf,lNyD;? xkdppf,lxm;aomjym&nftMunfrsm;ukd ',ftkd;oefYoefYjzifhjyef csufyg/
zHk;rodef½ku©rI qm;ukd&&Sdygrnf.../
xkdqm; wpfusyfom; ukdysm;&nf ig;q,fom;wGifememarTía7mpyfyg/ xkdysm;&nfukdeHeufwpfBudrf?
nwpfBudrf vufzuf&nfZGef;i,f jzifh wpfZGef;pDpm;ay;ygu usef;rm0NzKd;í tjcm;a&m*g rsm;r0ifEkdifonfh
½kd;&mtm;aq;yif jzpfygawmhonf .../ (pm? 168)
70/ qD;? 0rf;? avrSef ESifh abmpukdif;( tqdyfajzyif)

abmpudkif;½Guf rEkr&ifhrsm;ukd jyKwfí wkdYp&mtjzpfaomfvnf;aumif;? [if;csKdtjzpfaomfvnf;aumif;
pm;oHk;vQif qD;aumif;í av&onf/ 0rf;vnf;aysmYaysmo Y Gm;oNzifUaexdkifíaumif;vSonf/ qD;? 0rf;rSefonf
¤if;tjyif rwnfhaomtpm;tpmrsm;ukdpm; rdítqdyfjzpfjcif;wkdYtwGuf tqdyftawmufrsm;ajyaponf.../ (pm? 169)
71/ aoG;wkd;a&m*gESifh abmpudkif; ...

abmpukdif;½Guf vufwpfqkyfpmukd a&okH;cGufwpfcGufwif jyKwfí vufzuf&nfMurf;yef;uefwpfvkH;cefY
reufwpfBudrf? nwpfBudrfaomufay;ygu aoG;wkd;us qif;aponf .../(pm? 169)
72/ "m;xd? oHpl;? acG;ukdufESifh ucsifra&Smh½Guf ...
93
"m;xdwmwkdY oHpl;wmwkdY acG;ukdufpwJh tqdyf&Sdowå0gukdufwmwkdY jzpf&if a&aq; ra&Smh½Gufukd0g; 'Pf&may:

tkyf ywfwD;pnf;xm;&r,f/ aemufNyD;ra&Smh½GufESpf½Guf? oHk;½Gufukd0g;pm;&if tqdyf rwufawmhbl; temvnf;
r&if;awmhbl; temvnf;tusufjrefw,f .../ ( pm? 181)
73/ t&ufrl;vGef? tpmtqdyfjzpf? rIdawmufjcif;ESifh ra&Smh½Guf ...

ra&Smh½Guf 3. 4 7Gufukd0g;pm;NyD; rsKdcsvdkuf½kHeJY aysmufw,f .../ (pm? 181)
74/ qD;tdrfausmufwnfjcif;ESifh r½kd;yGifh? EGm;EdkY ...

r½kd;(0g) ijzLBuD; tyGifhav;yJom;ukd EGm;EdkY 10om;wGif xnhfíaomufoHk;ygu qD;tdrfü ausmufwnf
a&m*gaysmuf\ .../(pm? 185)
75/ ta&jym;a&m*gESifh r½kd;yGifh? EGm;EdkY ...

r½kd;jrpfukd trIefYjyKí ysm;&nfESifh qwla&mpyfNyD; aeYpOfpm;oGm;ygu ta&jym;a&m*g oufomaysmuf
uif;apygonf.../ (pm? 185)
76/ aoG;vHk;a&m*gESifh r½kd;yGifh? ESrfqD ...

r½kd;yGifhav;yJom;ukd ... ESrf;qDESifh aMumfpm;vQif aoG;vHk;a&m*g aMuysufaponf .../ (pm? 185)
77/ r½kd;ap;ESifh cg;ukdufjcif;? 'l;ukdufjcif; ...

rcHr&yfEkdifavmufatmifcg; ukdufjcif;? 'l;ukdufjcif;jzpfcJhvQif r½kd;ap;jzifh vdrf;ay;e,fay;yg aysmufuif;onf/
¤if;\yifpnf ESifh t½Gufrsm;ukdcsKd;qdwfMunfygu tjzLa&miftap;rsm; xGuf&Sdvmavh&Sdonf/ tnma'oü ¤if;ap;ukd
EdkdYrsm;cJap&ef twGuftoHk;jyKonf/ tqpfauG;qefYí r&vQifvnf; vdrf;e,fay;yg .../ (pm? 184)
78/ emwm&Snfa&m*grsm;ESifh jrif;cGm½Guf ...

(1) jrif;cGm½Guf yÍöig;yg; q,fESpfusyf&SpfyJom;
(2) i½kwfaumif; wpfusyfom;
(3) ydwcf si;f oD; &Spyf o
J m;
(4) ysm;&nf wpfq,fig;usyo f m;(15 usyo
f m;)
txyfygaq;trnfrsm;ukdaxmif; ysm;&nfjzifh xnfhe,fNyD; aeYoHk;BudrfcefY vSef;Muonf/ ysm;&nfcef;ajcmuf
oGm;yguvHk;í &atmifysm;&nftenf;i,f xyfxnfh xkdaemuf ememawNyD; qD;uif;cefYvHk;pm; ..../
jrefrma7S;ola[mif;wkdY rdrd\½kyfcH"mwfukdvdkufí eHeufwpfvHk; aeYvnf(okdY) nwpfvHk; csifhcsdefí aeYpOfpm;oHk;
av&SdMuonf/ xkdaq;ukdrSefrSefpm;oHk;oGm;ygu aq;rawGU[k qkdaom emwm&Snfa&m*gBuD;rsm; wpfv wpfESpftwGif
xl;jcm;pGmaysmufuif; csrf;om&m&&Sdrnf/ 0rf;csKyfvQif wpfywfwpfBudrf 0rf;ukdjyKjyifay;&rnf .../ (pm? 207)
79/ aoG;wkd;ESifhjrif;cGm½Guf ...

jrif;cGm½Gufwpfpnf; yÍöig;yg; pvHk; a&jzifhpifMu,fpmG aq;NyD; oefY&Sif;aomi½kwfqkHjzifh axmif;yg/ xkdaemuf
oefYjyefY aomt0wfyg;jzifh t&nfukdppf,lNyD xkdowåK&nfukd aomufaumif;½kHavmuf oMum;xnfhí reufwpfBudrf
nwpfBudrf rSefrSefaomufoGm;jcif;jzifh aoG;wkd;usaponf/ pGJaomufoGm;vQif aoG;wkd;a&m*g aysmufuif;apygonf .../
(pm? 210)
80/ rIdqdyfajzenf; (xef;vsuf? oHyk&m? rIdewdk)...
94
rIdpm;í rIdqdyfwufNyD;awmufcJhaomf(0g) tqdyfjzpfcJhaomf xefvsufpm;ay;7\/ odkYr[kwf oHyk&m&nfukd

vQufay;7\/ odkYr[kwf rdIewkdowåK&nfukd aomufay;&\/ rIdawmufonhftEÅ&m,f rIdqdyfoifhonfhtEÅ&m,frS
uif;a0apygonf .../ (pm? 213)
81/ rpm;aumif;aomrIdrsm;....
(1) rId\t½kd;ukd vufESifhzspfMunfhí aMurGoGm;vQifrpm;aumif;/
(2) rIday:odkYqm;tenf;i,fjzLMunfhí rnf;oGm;vQifrpm;aumif;/
(3) rIdukdvufESifh zspfMunfhíaoG;uJhodkYteDa&mifajymif;oGm;vQif rpm;aumif;/
(4) rIdukd "m;ESifh jzwfaomf "m;jzwfcH&aomae&müjymESrf;oGm;vQif rpm;aumif;/
(5) rIdukd qm;&nfpdrfí rnf;eufoGm;vQif rpm;aumif;/
(6) ajcusif;ygaomrIdrsm; rpm;aumif;/
82/ rIdESifha&mpyfírpm;aumif;aom tpm;tpmrsm; ...
(1) rIEd iS hf Muuf[if;cg;oD; /
(2) rIEd iS hf MuufO /
(3) rIEd iS hf cHo;D /
(4) rIEd iS hf iSuaf ysmoD;/
(5) rIdESifh EdkY trsKd;rsKd;/
(6) rIdESifh azmifpD;*Pef; (v,f*Pef;)/ (ykHjyum;csyfrS)
(7) rIEd iS hf ,keo f m;/(pm? 215)
(8) rIdESifh zm;om;/ (ykkHjyum;csyfrS)/
83/ 0rf;ukdufa&m*g? aoG;0rf;a&m*gESifh rD;uGif;*rkef;t½Guf..

rD;uGif;*rkef;t½Guf (wpfzufpdrf;? wpfwzufc&rf;a&mif) rEkr&ifh (10) ½GufcefYukd qlaeaoma&aEG;xJ
wGifEGrf;½kH ESpf&ygonf/ aemuft½Gufukdyg;yg;vSD;í MuufoeG feD? ykpGefajcmuf? qm;wkdYjzifh aumif;atmifokyfNyD;?
'Dtwkdif;a&aEG;Murf;ESifh pm;yg/ i½kyfoD;rIefYrxnfhygESifh tenf;i,fcg;oufouf&SdonfrS ty pm;vkdYaumif;ygonf/
a&m*gEkvQif wpfBudrfwnf;pm;½kHESifh aysmufuif;Ekdifygonf/ (pm? 217)
84/ aoG;tHa&m*gESifh rD;uGif;*rkef; ...

trsKd;orD;wpfa,mufrSm aoG;qkH;ukdifum acsmif;qkd;vdkufpOf aoG;rsm;tefvmygonf/ xkdaMumifh wDbD
tqkwfa&m*gukdXme wGif "mwfrSef½kdufí ykd;arG;Munfhaom tcg wDbD tqkwfem r[kwfaMumif; od&Sd&ygonf/ olr
rSmaoG;rMumcP tHygonf/ olrukd vufvGwf&awmhrnf[k rdwfaqGtm;vHk;u xifaeMuonf .../ okdYaomf
aoG;tHolrSm wpfvcefY Mumaomtcg xlxlaxmifaxmif jzpfvmonf/ pkHprf;vkdufaomtcg rD;uGif;*rkef;
okH;cGufwpfcGufwif jyKwf&nfukd *vlukdYpf oMum;wkdYjzifh reufaeYvnf? n oHk;cGufuspD;aomufoHk;&m aoG;tHa&m*g
aysmufNyD; 0NzKd;vmaMumif; 0rf;ompGmajymygonf.../ (pm? 217)
85/ tylavmifjcif;ESifh rD;uGif;*rkef; ...

qDyl? a&aEG;yl avmifolrsm;ukd rD;uGif;*rkef;owåK&nfjzifh 0g*Grf;ESifh 'Pf&mukd rMumrMum qGwfay;jcif;jzifh
'Pf&m? tem tusufjrefonf.../ (pm? 218)
95
86/ tema[mif; temaqG;rsm;ESifh rD;uGif;*rkef; ...

rD;uGif;*rkef;ukd rD;uifNyD; tema[mif;? temaqG;rsm;ukd rMumcP uyfay;jcif;jzifh temaysmufjrefygonf .../
(pm? 218)
87/ trskKd;orD;rsm; aoG;vHk; avvHk; aoG;csKyf?avcsKyfESifh rkwfcg;aq; ...

(1) i½kwaf umif; wpfusyo f m;
(2) prkefeuf wpfusyfom;
(3) MuufoeG jf zL wpfusyo f m;
(4) &Sdef;ckd wpfusyfom;
tm;vH;k tav;rkwcf g; av;usyo f m;
txufyg rkwfcg;aq;ukd ZD;uif;cefY tvHk;uav;rsm; vHk;NyD;xm;yg/ xkdaq;ukd tysKdBuD;? tysKdav;?
tysKd[kdif; aoG;qkH;trsKd;orD;rsm; rSefrSefpm;oHk;ygu a&Gvsm;aeaom aoG;vHk;? avvHk; rsm;aMuysufap\ aoG;csKyf?
avcsKyfjcif;rsm;ukd aysmufuif;ap\/ aoG;cJavcJrsm; NydKus vmapNyD; aoGylavyl a&m*grsm;ukdvnf;
aysmufuif;aponf/ txufygrkwfcg;aq;ukd rSefrSefpm;oGm;jcif;jzifh ]]rtkdao;ol tysKduav;eJYwl}} qkdouJodkY
tom;ta&rsm; tpOfpkdajy 0if;0gaeygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 222)
88/ &Sm;apmif;vufyyfcsufaq; (trsKd;orD;rsm;twGuf) yxrenf; ...

(1) &Sm;apmif;vufyyftESpf (twGif;om;) 25 usyfom;
(2) xefvsuf 25 usyo f m;
(3) refusnf;oD;trSnfh (tESpf) 5 usyfom;
(4) ayG;ukid ;f 5 usyo f m;
(5) prkerf sK;d ig;yg; 8 yJom;pD
(6) BudwfrSef½GufrIefY 5 usyfom;
(&) ikoD; twGif;om; (tESpf) 5 usyfom;
(8) MuufoGefeDyg;yg;vSD;NyD;om; 5 usyfom;
¤if;wkdYukd a&mpyfNyD; rD;rQif;rQif;ESifh csufyg/ <uufNrD;wef;vQif rD;zkdrScsNyD; tat;cH/ xkdaemufysm;&nf
5usyfom;jzifh xyfarT aevSef; rMumcP arTay;/ ntdyf&m0ifcgeD;wkdif; [ifpm;ZGef;wpfZGef; pm;yg/ rSefrSefpm;ay;jcif;
jzifh rD;,yfcsd rD;,yfuskKd; aoG;cef;jcif; taMumwufjcif;? aumufauG;xkHusifjcif; paom rD;,yfa&m*grsm; aysmufuif;
aponfh tjyif;trsKd;orD;rsm;qHyifuRwfjcif;? xdyfajymifjcif;rS uif;a0;apEkfdifonf.../ (pm? 223)
89/ &Sm;apmif;vufyyfcsufaq; (usm; r yskKd tkdra&G;) 'kwd,enf;...

(1) &Sm;apmif;vufyyf(yg;yg;vSD;xnfhyg) 25 usyfom;
(2) xef;vsuf 35 usyo f m;
(3) refusn;f ESpf 30 usyo f m;
(4) tvdu k sL 5 usyof m;
(5) odaE¨m 5 usyof m;
(6) vdyaf usmufq;l 2.5 usyo f m;
(&) prkerf sK;d ig;yg; 4 yJom;pD
90/ &Sm;apmif;vufyyfcsufaq; (usm; r ysKdtkdra½G;) wwd,enf; ....
96
(1) &Sm;apmif;vufyyf (yg;yg;vSD;xnfhyg) 25 usyfom;

(2) zvHawmifa0S;owåK&nf (0g) ausmufz½kHoD;pdrf;&nf 25 usyfom;
(3) refusn;f ESpf 25 usyo f m;
(4) xef;vsuf 50 usyo f m;
(5) MuufoGefeDyg;yg;vSD;xnfh 25 usyfom;
(6) BudwfrSef½GufowåK&nf 25 usyfom;
(&) odaE¨m 10 usyo f m;
(8) prkerf sK;d ig;yg; 4 yJom;pD
txufyg 'kwd,enf;ESifh wwd,enf;rS BudKufESpfouf&m aq;enf;ukd rwl;rcspfatmif rD;aEG;aEG; jzifhcsufyg/
<uufrD;wef;vQif zkdcGifrScsí tat;cHyg/ aq;ukd usm;r ysKdtkd ra&T;reuf n [if;pm;ZGef;jzifh wpfZGef;pD
pm;oGm;jcif;jzifh aoG;ykyf avykyfrsm; NydKíqif; tjzLqif;jcif; qD;yl qD;eD qD;0g jzpfjcif;? 0rf;csKyfí pjrif;cHjcif;rsm;
'lvmydef rD;,yfydefrsm; qxufxrf;ykd; tvSwkd;í 0NzKd;vmapEkdifygonf .../ (pm? 223)
91/ qD;atmifh? qD;csKyfESifh &Sm;apmif;vufyyf ...

qD;atmifhjcif; qD;csKyfjcif;jzpfvQif &Sm;apmif;vufyyf tESpfukdjcpf,lNyD; oMum;ESihfpdrfí aomufay;ygu
a&m*gaysmufuif;ygonf.../ (pm? 225)
92/ tema[mif;? temaqG;? ajcpG,fikwfESifh &Sm;apmif;vufyyf...

&Sm;apmif;vufyyfukd rD;uif xufjcrf;cGJNyD; temay:tkyfum ywfwD;pnf;ay;xm;yg/ 2 7ufcefY jzifh
temrsm;aysmufuif;ygonf .../ (pm? 225)
93/ em;ukdufa&m*gESifh &Sm;apmif;vufyyf ...

&Sm;apmif;vufyyf ukdrDzkwf t&nfn§pf,lNyD; em;xJokdYxnfhay;yg/ em;ukdufjcif;aysmufuif;ygonf.../
(pm? 225)
94/ aoG;wkd; avief; tqDwkd; xkHemusOfemESifh a&SmufwpfvHk;aq;&nf ...

a&SmufoD;BuD;wpfvHk;\ twGif;om;n§pf&nf ... (a&Smuf&nf)
a&ig;q,fom; (iSufaysmzl; ykvif; ESpfvHk;)
oMum;tpdwfom;
jrefrmqm;cg; ig;usyfom;
txufyg tr,frsm;ukd tm;vHk;oratmif atmifarTyg/ xkdYaemuf oefY&Sif;aomykvif;rsm;wGifxnfhyg/ reuf?
n vufzuf&nftMurf;yef;uefwpf0ufpD rSefrSefaomufoGm;jcif;jzifh aoG;wkd;a&m*g? avief;a7m*g tqDwkd;a&m*g ESifh
xkHem? usifemrsm;tm; aysmufuif;csrf;omapygonf .../
jrefrmyGJawGUaq;enf;jzpfygonf/ a&m*gBuD;vQif BuD;ovkd pGJpm;yg/ qD; 0rf; av rSefaomaq;wpfvuf
jzpfygonf .../ (pm? 227)
95/ tzsm;aysmuf? tm;&Sdjcif;ESifh vif;ae? aq;cg;BuD; ....

zsm;vnf;zsm; tm;vnf;jywfcJhaomf vif;aeESifh aq;cg;BuD; a&mí ay;u a&m*gESpfrsKd;vHk; oufomaponf/
rpm;csif raomufcsif jzpfaevQifvnf; þenf;twkdif;auR;&rnf .../ (pm? 231)
96/ 0rf;csKyf? avcsKyf? qD;csKyfESifh ouf&ifhBuD; ....
97
ouf&if;BuD;½GufEkrsm;ukd jyKwfNyD; yg;yg;vSD;um MuufoeG feDjzifh okwfpm;yg ... 0rf;csKyf? avcsKyf? qD;csKyf
97/ trsKd;orD;a&m*gESifh ouf&if;BuD;...

trskKd;orD;rsm;aoG;avrrSefbJ wydefydef &SdaeygvQif ouf&if;BuD;jrpfukd qm;jzifh yspfyspfaoG;í aeYpOf
vufzuf&nf tMurf;yef;uef wpff0ufcefY aomufoHk;ay;jcif;jzifh usefrm0NzdK; tvSwkd;apygonf .../ (pm? 245)
98/ qkHqkdYem? yg;usdwfa&mife m? vnfacsmif; uGJemESifh oabFmoD;pdrf;

vnfyif;wGifaygufaom qkHqkdYem? yg;usdwfa&mifem? vnfacsmif;uGJaomtemrsm; jzpfyguoabFmoD;
tpdrf;EkEkuav;rsm;ukd qm;wYkdNyD; nufatmif0g;um aeYpOfpm;ygu jzpfay:aeaom txufyga&m*grsm;
99/ oabFm½GufESifh jrif;zkem ...

oabFm½Gufukd axmif;NyD;aeYpOf tHkay;ygu jrif;zkem aysmufuif;onf .../ (pm? 254)
100/ qD;vGefa&m*gESifh OoQpf? csif; ...

OoQpftuif;ESifh csif;ajcmuftrIefYwkdYukd a&mí aomufay;jcif;jzifh aysmufonf .../ (pm? 261)
98
o Q o Q o
(15) touf&Snf&mtemrJhaMumif;aq;pGrf;aumif;rsm;
q&mBuD;OD;csrf;
yxrtBudrf? 2002? atmufwkdbmv/ wefzkd; 200usyf/ a7Ta'gif;awmifpmay .../
1/ ausmufuyfa&mifESifh 'EÅokc ...

ausmufuyfa&mifjcif;aMumifh qD;atmifh? cg;emponfwkdY jzpfaomf 'EÅokcyif yÍöig;yg;tajcmufcH vufzuf
ajcmufuJhodkY a&aEG;Murf;aomuf .../ (pm? 63)
2/ ausmufwnfjcif;ESifh cHwufacguf ...

cHwufacguf av;ykHwpfykH usefatmifjyKwfaomuf .../ (pm? 64)
3/ ausmufwnfjcif;ESifh Mucwf0g;tqpf ...

Mucwf0g;\ tqpfykdif;ukd EkyfEkyfpOf; a&ESifh okH;cGufwpfcGufwifjyKwf eHeufykdif; 3? 4 7ufqufwkdufaomuf /
cg;ukdufcg;emyg aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 64)
4/ BudKUxkd;jcif;ESifh &Sdef;ckd?rwfyJ ...

&Sdef;ckdESifh rwfyJ trIefYjyK? rD;ESifhtckd;&atmifjyKvyk fí rIdif;½SLyg/ BudKUxkd;aysmufygonf .../ (pm? 67)
5/ BudKUxkd;jcif;ESifh oMum; ...

a<uZGef;BuD;ESifh oMum;wpfZGef;pm;? a&t0aomuf .../ (pm? 67)
6/ ajcz0g;uGJem ESifh iSufaysmyif ...

iSufaysmyif owåK&nf vdrf;yg ... t0wf oefYoefYwGif iSufaysmyif owåK&nf qGwfNyD; temay: tkyfxm;yg .../
(pm? 69)
7/ cg;emESifh ukd,f&HBuD;½Guf ...

ukd,f&HBuD;½Gufukd rD;uifí pnf;ay;aomf cg;emaysmuf\ .../ (pm? 71)
8/ cg;em? cg;udkuf? 'l;ukdufESifh anmifajcaxmuf ...

anmifajcaxmuf tap;vdrf;ay;vQif aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 72)
9/ *7if*sDem^ b&if*sDem ESifh MoZmoD;tajcmuf...

MoZmoD;ajcmuf aoG;vdrf;yg ...? tcsOf[lorQ "mwfpmtjzpfpm;yg .../ (pm? 75)
10/ iSufzsm;ESifh aMumifyef;½Guf...

aMumifyef;½GufrIefY t½GufpkdowåK&nf? t7GufpkdjyKwf&nf? yÍöig;yg;jyKwf&nf ponfwkdYteuf wpfrsKd;rsKd;ukd
eHeuf? n oifh½kHaomufyg/ ¤if;jyKwf&nfrsm;ESifh a&csKd;yg .../ (pm? 75)
11/ pum;xpfjcif; ESifhjrif;cGm½Guf...

jrif;cGm½Guf rMumrMumokyfpm; [if;cg;csufaomuf .../ (pm? 77)
99
12/ qD;&Gifjcif;ESifh tkef;jrpf ...

tkef;jrpf axmif;xk? a&pdrfaomuf? qD;&Tif\ .../ (pm? 78)
13/ qD;vGefa&m*gESifh uifyGef;½Guf ...

uifyGef;½GufowåK&nfaomuf? qD;vGefa&m*gaysmuff\ .../ (pm? 78)
14/ qD;csKda&m*g ...

(1) OoQpf½GufEkEk owåK&nf 12 yJom;cefY aeYpOfapmapm? &ufMumMumpGJaomuf oufomaponf/
(2) cHwuf (c'uf) acguftjrpf av;ykHwpfyHk<uif;jyKwfaomuf.../
(3) anmifajcaxmufacguf ESpfyHkwpfyHkjyKwfaomuf.../
(4) awmifqD;jzL yÍöig;yg; jyKwfaomuf.../
(5) uifyGef;½GufowåK&nf wpfaeYESpfZGef; ESpfBudrftenf;qkH;aomuf.../
(6) 'EÅokcyif yÍöig;yg; jyKwfaomuf .../ (pm? 79) (rSwfcsuf / / wpfrsKd;ukdomaomuf&ef)
15/ qifajcaxmufa&m*g...
(1) EGm;eufusifi,f&nf ESifh csif;ajcmufrIefY aeYpOfaomuf? qifajcaxmufa&m*g aysmuf\ .../
(2) uefYcsKyfeDjrpfacguf? xif;½SLom; aq;ESpfyg; EGm;eufusifi,f&nfESifh aoG;vdrf; .../
(3) MupkoD;? MuufqlqDESifh csufaomuf .../ (pm? 83)
16/ qifclvnfjywfem ESifh pG,fawmf½Guf...

pG,fawmf½GufjyKwf&nfjzifh zef&nfaq;yg .../ pG,fawmf½GufowåK&nfjzifh vdrf;ay;yg.../ (pm? 83)
(qifclv,fjywfem = vnfukwfwGifaygufaomtem)
17/ qHkqkdYemESifh aMumifyef;½Guf...
(1) aMumifyef;½Gufukd rD;usDcJay:wifí tckd;½SLyg .../
(2) aMumifyef;½Guftpkd 2 usyfom;
(3) ydwfcsif;i,f 2 usyfom;
(4) eHomjzL 4 yJom;
(5) a& 10 usyfom; xnfhBudK ...
3 usyfom;cefY usefaomtcg zkdrS cs/
wpfcGufpm 1 usyfom;/ eHeufESifh n ESpfBudrfaomufyg .../ (pm? 83)
qHkqdkYem (qHkZkdYem) = vnfacsmif;wGifjzpfwwfaom temwpfrsKd; .../ (pm? 15)
18/ wif;wdyf ....
(1) eEGif;pdrf;tm; r½kd;ap; (ijzLBuD;tap;) ESifh aoG;NyD; ryspfrusJ vdrf; .../
(2) odkYr[kwf odaE¨mnufnufBudwfívdrf; .../
(3) odkYr[kwf 0g;tajcmufaoG;vdrf; ...aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 84)
tyltpyf? rqvm? [if;cwftarT;tBudKifrsm; avQmhpm;yg/ 0rf;csKyfrcH& .../ (pm? 85)
19/ tifMuif;qifhtzsm;jzwfaq;...
100
(1) tifMuif;qifh 1 usyfom;

(2) MuufoeG jf zL 1 usyof m;
(3) i½kwaf umif; 1 usyo
f m;
(4) vif;av 1 usyof m;
(5) &Sdef;ckd 1 usyfom; (aEGqkdvQif ig;rl;om;)
aq;ig;yg; nufpGm trIefYjyK/ avvHkatmifxm;/ wufzsm;? uszsm;? &ufjcm;zsm;? iSufzsm;ESifh
tikwfa&m*g[lorQ uGrf;½GufESifh qm;tenf;i,f xnfhjyKwf ... aq;rIefY qD;uif;cefYrQESifh wkdufyg/ tmumoyGifh
acR;xGuf tzsm;us\ .../ (pm? 86)
20/ 'uf ...

(1) MuufoGefeD xufjcrf;cGJ acgif;ukdememyGwfay; .../
(2) odkYr[kwf £Kó&rlvD½Guf owåK&nf olYcsnf;oD;jcm;vdrf;.../
odkYr[kwf MuufqlqDESifh a&mvdrf; .../
(3) qdyfzvl;yef;yGifh taphukd trIefYjyK tkef;qDESifhvdrf; .../ (pm? 89)
21/ em;wGif;tem...
usD;tmoD;ukdaxmif; tkef;qDESifha&m? rD;aEG;aEG;ESihfcsuf .../ a&ukefí qDusefaomf (cyfaEG;aEG;av;jzpfvQif)
em;rSmcwf ... temusufap\ .../ (pm? 90)
22/ em;jynf,dk ...

(1) zvHawmifa0S;(odkYr[kwf ) rD;uGif;*rkef;ukd tkHNy;D owåK&nfn§pf cyfaEG;aEG;em;xJn§pfxnfh .../
(2) odkYr[kwf ESrf;qDESifh av;nif;yGifh rD;ESifhcsuf tat;cH em;wGiftpufcs .../
(3) odkYr[kwf aMumifyef;½GufowåK&nfwGif ysm;&nfxnfharT MuufawmifESifharTí em;rSmusyf .../ (pm? 89)
23/ em;yif; ...

usnf;oD;qHrIefY? 0ufacs;yeJ owåK&nfESifha&m rMumcP em;usyfay; em;yif;a&m*gaysmuf\.../(pm? 90)
24/ em;ukduf? em;em ....

(1) csif;pdrf; owåK&nf rD;aEG;aEG;jyK? tat;cH? tzwfryfatmif ppf? em;wGif tpufcs .../
(2) uif;yHk½Guf owåK&nf ESrf;qDESifh azsmfí em;rSmtpufcs (tjcm;wenf;) .../
(3) &Sm;apmif;vufyyf tESpft&nfn§pf rD;aEG;aEG;jyK tat;cH em;rSmtpufcs (tjcm;wenf;) .../
(4) qifwHk;rEG,f axmif;xk rD;ESifhjyKwf MuufoD;aEG;jyK em;aq;ay; (tjcm;wenf;) .../
25/ em;avxGuf...
aq;oli,fcsuf trIefYjyK MuufqlqDESifh em;rSmMuyf .../ (pm? 92)
26/ em;tl ...

(1) aMumifvQmoD;EkEk oHyk&m&nfqrf;NyD; okwfpm;yg .../
(2) odkYr[kwf pyg;vifqD (odkYr[kwf) tkef;qD (odkYr[kwf) ESrf;qDESifh em;usyfay; .../
(3) BudwfrSef½Guf owåK7nfukd tkef;qDESifh azsmfNyD; em;usyfay; .../
em;tla&m*gtwGuf tcsKd? tqdrfh? tzefa&Smifí tyl? tcsOf tpyf? tcg;ukdpm; .../ (pm? 92)
101
27/ em;av; ...

(1) aMumifyef;½GufowåK&nfESifh rkefnif;qDqwla&m? rD;ESifh qlatmifwnf zkdrScs tat;cH wpfaeY ESpfBudrf
em;rSmtpufcs .../ (pm? 92)
(2) odkYr[kwf OoQpfyif tjrpfaxmif;xk/ rkefnif;qDESifh rD;rSmqlatmifwnf zkdrScs tat;cH wpfaeY ESpfBudrf
em;rSmtpufcs .../ (pm? 92)
28/ ESmacgif;aoG;vQH ...

(1) rmvmum½Guf yGwfacs½SLyg (odkY) EGm;acs;½SLyg (odkY) z&JoD;ESifh oMum;0atmifpm;yg .../
(2) qD;jzLoD; nufnufBudwf i,fxdyftkH .../
(3) i½kwfaumif;Budwf 'def? MuHoum ESifh a&maESmpm; .../ (pm? 93)
29/ ESmacgif;ydwf...
(1) uGrf;pm;*rkef;Oaxmif; ESrf;qDESifhcsuf ESmacgif;wGif;xnfhyg .../
(2) eHeufapmapm tdyf&mx a&½SLay;yg .../
(3) eEGif;pdrf;twuftm; rIdif;½SLay;yg .../
(4) &Sdef;ckd ESrf;qDESifhazsmf rD;ESifh aEG;atmifvkyf? em;rSmusyf .../ (pm? 93)
30/ ESm&nf,kd...
csif;pdrf; owåK&nfukd ysm;&nfeJY a&mvsufyg.../ (pm? 93)
31/ emwm&Snf ESmap; ...

(1) ESmacgif;wGif; tom;ykdaMumifh emwm&Snf ESmap;a&m*gjzpfaomf oyGwfcg;oD; tajcmufxdyfzGifh puúLay:cgcs
usvmaomtrIefY ykvif;xJxnfh/ ESrf;qDESifh oyGwfcg;oD; trIefYoifh½kH wkdYNyD; tom;ykdukdvdrf;yg/ wpfaeY
wpfBudrfom jyKvkyfay;jcif;jzifh tom;ykdrS t&nfrsm; xGufusvmNyD; wjznf;jznf;ao;um
ESmap;aysmufoGm;vdrfhrnf .../
(2) aemufwenf; eHYomjzLESifh uifyGef;oD; ryspfrusJaoG; i,fxdyfaygufatmif ½SLyg/ ESm&nfrsm;usvm
vdrfhrnf/ raMumufESifh/ aq; cPcP r½SL&/ acgif;cPcP rvQmf&/ aeylxJxGufvQifacgif;aqmif;yg/
a&cJrkefY ocGm;oD; tkef;EkdYacgufqGJ aygifrkefYtkef;EkdYqrf; rpm;&/ aq;vdyfraomuf&/ tat;rd rcH& ..../
(pm? 95)
32/ omrefESmap; ....

(1) i½kwfaumif;rIefY ? MuHoum? 'defcsOf (3) rsKd;a&maomufyg.../
(2) aemufwenf;pyg;vifarT;? av;yHkwpfyHk jyKwfaomu?f ESmap;omru acsmif;qkd;ESifhtzsm;ygaysmufrnf ...
(pm? 95)
33/ ESmacgif;?teHY r& ESifh eHomjzL? uifyGef;oD; ...

eHomjzL? uifyGef;oD;qwl ryspfrusJ aoG;/ i,fxdyfaygufatmif½SL/ yspfvQift½SL&cufonf owdjyKyg/
ESm&nfrsm; usvmvQif raMumuf&/ aq;vdyfraomuf& .../ (pm? 95)
34/ emwm&Snftzsm;ESifh plvmezm ....
102
plvmezm? prkefndK (prkefrsKd;ig;yg; xJrSmyg) tnDtrQ oifh½kHpk/ okH;cGufwpfcGufwif usKdaomuf?

emwm&Snftzsm; vsifjrefpGmaysmuf\ .../ (pm? 97)
35/ ESif;clESifh ikpyf (zGm;zuf) ...

ikpyf (zGm;zuf) yif\ t½Gufukd qefykH;&nfESifh Budwf temukdvdrf; ESif;clomru ayG;0J ,m;emygaysmuf\ .../
(pm? 97)
36/ yef;em&ifusyfESifh OoQpf½Guf ....

ovdyfr&? 0rf;rD;nHhonfh yef;em&ifusyfa&m*gjzpfcJhaomf OoQpf½Gufpdrf; (3)usyfom;ukd a& (48)usyfom;ESifh
(6)usyfom; usefatmifusKdyg/ wpfcGufpm (3)usyfom;cefY aomufyg .../ a&m*gaysmufuif;rnf .../ (pm?101)
37/ yef;em...
acsmif;ajcmufyef;emaMumifh touf½SLr0 armyef;EGrf;vsaomf uefYyvlO 8yJom;rQ aoG;aomufyg vl;yg.../
(pm? 102)
38/ azma&mifemESifh OoQpf½Guf ...

OoQpf½Guf owåK&nf aomufyg.../
OoQpf½Guf owåK&nf vl;yg .../ (pm? 106)
39/ 0rf;rD;nHhí (tpmrcsufEkdifí) Akdufatmifhjcif; ...

xrif;rpm;rD odaE¨mtenf;i,fvsufyg .../
xrif;pm;NyD; rdepf(20) cefY tMumwGif MuufoGefjzLBudwfNyD;a&aEG;ylylxJ xnfhaomufyg .../ (pm? 108)
40/ avaMumifh Akdufatmifhjcif; ...

qifwHk;rEG,fusKdí qm;cwfaomuf .../ (pm? 108)
41/ pjrif;aMumifh Akdufatmifhjcif; ...

refusnf;rSnfh? qm;? xef;zkdxef;vsuf? ESrf;qD av;rsKd;wGif wpfrsKd;vQif wpfusyfom;pDpk? tm;vHk;a&mawNyD;
qD;uif;cefYpm; .../ (pm? 108)
42/ rsufpdemaysmufaq; ...

(1) jrif;cGm½GufowåK&nf tzwfrygatmifppfí rsufpOf;cwfay;yg .../
(2) odkYr[kwf &Sm;apmif;vufyyftESpf rsufpdtkHay; .../
(3) odkYr[kwf qD;jzLoD;aphaxmif;xk a&ESifh yGufatmifjyKwf tat;cH tzwfrygatmifppf rsufpdukd
aq;aMumyg .../ (pm? 109)
(4) tmvl; (odkYr[kwf)ocGm;oD;yg;yg;vSD; rsufpduyfyg .../ (pm? 110)
43/ rsufpd ... wdrfESifh atmifrJjzLjrpf ...

rsufpdoli,ftdrftwGif; tjzLuGuf? tpufwdrfrsm;usrl atmifrJjzLjrpfudk *sKHESifha&mBudwf a&pdrfxm;/
te,fxkdif Muufwuf&nfESifh rsufpOf;cwfyg .../ (pm? 112)
103
44/ rsufESm rSJYajcmufESifh uGrf;½Guf? BudwfrSef½Guf ...

rSYJajcmuftm; uGrf;½GufESifh owfí tjzL? tpuf? tajymufusefaomf BudwfrSef½GufowåK7nf rMumcP
vdrf;ay;yg .../ (pm? 113)
45/ rsufpdaoG;jcnfwef;ESifh caygif;a&Munfaph...

rsufpdtjzLay:wGif aoG;jcnfwef;rQif uav;rsm;jzpfygu caygif;a&MunfaphukdaoG;rsufpduGif;ay; vsifjrefpGm
aysmufuif;\/ tjcm;rsufpda&m*grsm;üvnf; toHk;jyKEkdifonf .../ (pm? 113)
46/ armyef;? EGrf;vs ...

ydwfcsif;oD;? jrif;cGm½Guf qwlBudwf/ eHeuf? n av;yJom;pDpm;yg/ tiftm;ukefcef; armyef;olrsm; jyefvnf
vef;qef;apygonf .../ ( pm? 113) (16 yJom; = 1usyfom;)
47/ jrpfajcmufem...
zmvmjzL? 0g;ykvJ? qifwHk;rEG,f qwltrIefYjyK ysm;&nfESifh awpm; vsifjrefpGm aysmuf\.../ (pm? 119)
(jrpfajcmufem = taoG;tom;cef;ajcmufonfha&m*g = tqkwfa&m*g)
48/ jrif;o½kdufemESifh c0JoD;ajcmuf...
c0JoD; (tcg;oD;) tajcmuf xdyfazmuf trIefYcgxkwf? usvmaomtrIefYrsm;tm; eEGif;ppfppfESifh a&mvdrf; .../
(pm? 119)
49/ a&zsOf; ...

(1) ajrqD;jzL(awmifqD;jzL) yÍöig;yg; jyKwfaomufyg/ a&zsOf;wifru qD;a&m*gygaysmuf\ .../ (112)
(2) aemufwenf; &Sm;apmif;vufyyftESpfukd vufcsm;rD;azmuf tenf;i,fjzL;pm;aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 113)
(vufcsm;ukda<uyef;uefwGifxnfhí rD;ylay;vQif vufcsm;rD;azmufukd&\)
50/ vnfyif;BuD;a&m*g ...
(1) aq;jrif;cGmtrIefY ZGef;i,f wpfZGef;cefYwGif qm;avSmftenf;i,fxnfh/ eHeuf? aeYvnf (2)Budrfaomuf/
(2) aemufwpfenf; ... &Sm;apmif;vufyyf tESpfudk vufcsm;rD;azmuf? tenf;i,fjzL;pm; aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 113)
(vufcsm;udk a<uyef;uefwGifxnfhí rD;ylay;vQif vufcsm;rD;azmufudk&\ .../)
51/ vdyfacgif;ESifh oyGwfcg;oD; ...
oyGwfcg;oD; xdyfazmuf? cgxkyf? taphz,f usef&Sdaeaom0wfrIefrsm;tm; trIefUjyKyg/ ¤if;trIefYukdeEGif;
ESifhqwla&m rkefnif;qDESifh vdyfacgif;tm;vdrf;yg/ vdyfacgif;jywfusygonf .../ (pm? 125)
52/ temayguftHkaq; ...

(1) OoQpf½Gufpdrf; xkaxmif;BudwftHkyg/ Ek ydef &ifh jynfayguf aysmufvdrfhrnf .../
(2) MoZm½Guftpkdudk qm;tenf;i,f xnfhBudwf/ temay:tHk pnf;ay;xm; .../
(3) csOfaygif vufcsm;? xrif;Murf;? MuufoGefeD trQpD pkBudwftHkyg .../
(4) [if;Eke,f ql;ayguf BudwftHkyg .../ (pm? 141)
53/ aoG;wdk; ...

(1) {u&mZf½GufjyKwfwkdY aMumfcsufpm; (odkYf )tjrpfukdjyKwfaomuf .../
104
(2) odkYr[kwf rifaomf acR;jyef&nf (acR;aygif;&nf) aomufyg .../

(3) jrif;cGm½Gufajcmuf vufzufajcmufuJhodkY a&aEG;Murf;aomuf .../ (pm? 132)
54/ toH0if? toHysuf? toHxGufaq; ...

(1) &Sm;ap; 1yJom;ukd rkefn§if;jzLqDxJpdrf cHwGif;xJxnfhiHk / toHysufa&m*gaysmuf\ axG;rypf&
iHkxm;NyD;rsKdcsyg.../
(2) odkYr[kwf oabFmcsif;ajcmuf qwlBudwf? tcsdeftenf;i,fcGmí rMumcPvQufay; /
(3) odkYr[kwf oMum;? oabFmcsif;ajcmuf qwlBudwf ysm;&nfESifhaw tvHk;av;awGvHk; oMumvHk;
pkyfouJhokdY rMumcPpkyfay; .../
(4) odkYr[kwf i½kwfaumif;? ywJaum? zmvmBuD;aph? EG,fcsKd aq;(4)rsKd; qwlBudwf uGrf;½GufowåK&nfESifh
a&m tvHk; vHk;xm; .../ aeY? n wpfvHk;pDpm; .../ (pm? 136)
55/ tom;0g ...

(1) uifyGef;csOf½GufjyKwfaomufyg/
(2) odkYr[kwf &Sm;apmif;vufyyftESpf (twGif;om;) pm;ygu qD;0rf; oufí tom;0gaysmuf\/
(3) odkYr[kwf OoQpf½GufowåK7nf 12 yJom;wGif i½kwfaumif;oifh ½kHxnfhaomuf/( 16 yJom;= 1usyfom;)
(4) odkYr[kwf Muuf[if;cg;7Guf owåK&nf zefcg;oD;ESifh aoG;aomuf .../
(5) odkYr[kwf plvmezm a&aEG;ESifh azsmfaomuf .../
(6) odkYr[kwf oabFmqD;jzL (awmifqD;jzL) yÍöig;yg; jyKwfaomuf .../ (pm? 139)
56/ ouf&Snfusef;rmaq; ...

(1) BudwfrSef½Gufajcmuf
(2) ESrf;eufaph
(3) qD;jzLoD;ajcmuf...
¤if;oHk;rsKd;\ oHk;q (3q) oMum;xnfhí trIefYjyK .../ aeYpOfrSD0Jygaomf touf&Snftemuif;NyD; yg;&nfwGefYjcif;?
cg;ukdif;jcif;? em;xkdif;jcif;paom tkdrif;&ifha7mfjcif; ]]Z&m}} aomfrS wm;qD;ay;ygonf .../ (pm? 143)
105
o Q o Q o
106
(16) aq;zuf0ifuGrf;wpf½GufESifhtaray;aomaq;enf;wkdrsm;
OD;cefYausmf
yxrtBudrf? 2006? Zefe0g&D/ wefzkd; 450usyf/ OD;cefYausmfpmay .../
1/ uav;acsmif;qkd;&ifusyf? touf½SLusyf? tqkwf? vnfacsmif;a&m*gESifh uGrf;½Guf....

uGrf;½GufukdrD;uifí rkefnif;qDokwfNyD; 7ifbufay:wGif tkyfpnf;ay;ygu aysmufuif;ygonf.../ (pm? 27)
2/ uav; tpmraMu? avem? 0rf;oGm;ESifh uGrf;½Guf...

uGrf;½Gufpdrf; owåK&nfESifh ysm;&nfwkdYukd qwla&mí aq; ]]wpf*7rf}} cefYukd wpfaeY ESpfBudrfwkdufay;jcif;
jzifh aysmufuif; csrf;omygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 27)
3/ uav; ESmap;? ESmrGef? ESmydwf? touf½SLusyf ESifh uGrf;½Guf...

rD;uifNyD;EGrf;oGm;aom uGrf;½Guftv,fü taygufi,fazmufNyD; rkefnif;qD? ESrf;qD? tkef;qDwpfrsKd;rsKd;
okwfvdrf;um ¤if;uGrf;½Guftaygufukd uav;i,fxdyfwnfhwnfhwGif uyfay;jcif;jzifh aysmufuif;ygonf .../ (pm? 28)
4/ acgif;ukduf?rl;a0?Zufxkd;? rsuf½kd;ukdufESifh uGrf;½Guf...

uGrf;½Guf\ ausmbufukd qm;ESifh yGwfívHk;ajc zspfn§pfNyD; xGufvmaom uGrf;7GufowåK&nfukd rsufpOf;
cwfay;jcif;jzifh rsuf&nfylrsm;usum csufcsif;qkdovkd a0'emrSoufomaysmufuif;apEkdifygonf .../ (pm? 30)
5/ ajcz0g;uGJESifh uGrf;½Guf...
tyltm;BuD;ívnf;aumif;? tyluefívnf;aumif; jzpfwwfaom ajcz0g;uGJa&m*grsm;twGuf aeYpOf
a&rcsKd;rD odkYr[kwf ntdyf&mr0ifrD 'l;acgif;rS ajcz0g;txd pifMu,fpGma&aq;NyD; uGrf;½Gufpdrf;ESifh qm;pdrf;ukda&mí
ajcz0g;ukd rSefrSefyGwfwkdufay;ygu aysmufuif;apEkdifygonf .../ (pm? 30)
6/ *&if*sDem(b&if*sDem) ponfhtemrsm;ESihf uGrf;½Guf ...

(uGrf;oD;Muufacs;) ukd jymcsí uGrf;½GufowåK&nfESifh orNyD; temwGifodyfay;yg .../ (pm? 31)
7/ pdwfa0'emESifhuGrf;½Guf...
t½kd;yg;aom uGrf;½GufowåK&nfudk EGm;EdkYESifh a&mí wkdufauR;jcif;jzifh pdwfa&m*ga0'emrS
oufomapEkdifygonf .../ (pm? 32)
8/ pum;xpfjcif;ESifh uGrf;½Guf ...

wkdif;&if;aq; trSwf(1) rufvifcsOf vsufqm;ukd uGrf;½GufESifh a&mBudwfNyD; &&SdonfhowåK&nfukd
vsufay;jcif;jzifh oufom aysmufuif;Ekdifygonf/ xkdYjyif uGrf;½Gufpdrf;owåK&nfukd a&Smuf&nf? oHyk&m&nf wpfrsKd;rsK;d
jzifh a&mpyfí vsufay;jcif;jzifh aysmufuif;Ekdif\ .../ (pm? 32)
9/ qD;csKyfa&m*gESifh uGrf;½Guf...
qD;&Sdvsuf roGm;bJ qD;csKyfa&m*gjzpfygu uGrf;½Gufpdrf;ESifhtwl uGrf;pm;*rkef;OBuD;ukd a&ESifh nufpGmBudwfí
qD;tdrfae&mü vdrf;ay;aomf qD;aygufNyD; aysmufuif;Ekdif\ .../ (pm? 33)
107
10/ w&dyf&dyfrl;a0jcif;ESifh uGrf;½Guf ...

tqDyGm;wkd;? aoG;yGm;wkd;? ½kyf0? ½kyfav;jzpf&m w&dyf&dyf rl;a0vmcJhaomf uGrf;½Gufukd acsí ½SLay;yg/ xkdYjyif
uGrf;½Gufukd 0g;ajcNyD; rsKdcsyg/ tjrefqHk; umuG,fukoenf;jzpf\ .../ (pm? 34)
11/ EkdtHka&mifwif;jcif;ESifh uGrf;½Guf ...

om;aotrskKd;orD;rsm; EkdY&nfwif;í EkdYtkHa&mifNyD; ukdufcJcJhaomf uGrf;½Gufukd qDokwf? rD;uifum a&mif&rf;
ukdufcJae&mü tHkpnf;ay;&\/ ukdufcJjcif;aysmufNyD; EkdY&nfrsm;cef;oGm;ygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 35)
12/ EkdYacsmif;ydwf?EkdYusdwfa&mifjcif;ESifh uGrf;½Guf...

uav;rdcifrsm; EkdYusdwfa&mifjcif;? EkdYacsmif;ydwfjcif; jzpfygu EkdYtHkay:wGif uGrf;½Gufukd ESrf;qD? tkef;qD?
rkefnif;qD wpfrskKd;rsKd; okwfvdrf;í uyfay;yg/ tu,fí azmfjyygqDrsm; r&&dSygu &&mqDjzifh okwfvdrf;yg .../ (pm? 37)
13/ yef;EGrf;jcif;ESihf uGrf;½Guf...

trsKd;om;rsm; yef;rvef;bJ yef;EGrf;aeygu ntdyf&m0ifwGif zGm;zufawmftm; uGrf;½Gufjzifh ywfxkyfNyD;
tdyfygu yef;EGrf;&mrS veff;vmEkdifapaom aq;enf;wkd jzpfygonf .../ (pm? 38)
14/ ½kyfysKdukd,fEkaq; ...

(1) qefvGwfeEGif;rIefY 1 usyfom;
(2) vufzuf 5 usyo f m;
(3) uGrf;½Guf 1 usyof m;
(4) ysm;&nf 10 usyo f m;
(5) qm;avSmf 4 yJom;
awaq;jyKNyD; aumfzDZGef;cefYukd eHeuf? n a&at;jzifh aomufay;jcif;jzifh ½kyfysKd ukd,fEkNyD; qHyifrsm;
eufvmygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm?41)
15/ vdyfacgif;aoG;,kdESifh uGrf;½Guf...

uGrf;½Gufukd vHk;acs zspfn§pfNyD; ptkd twGif;okdY xnfhyg .../ (pm? 42)
16/ qD;yl? qD;atmifh? qD;csKyfvQif ...

(1) eHeuftdyf&mxwGif a&ukd 0atmif aomufapjcif; .../
(2) odkYr[kwf uefYuvm (odkY) csif;ukdxef;vsufESifh jyKwfaomufapjcif; .../
(3) odkYr[kwf xrif;&nf? qefjyKwf&nfwGif EGm;EdkY xnfh? oMum;csdKcsKd cwfaomufapjcif; .../
(4) ausmufz½kH,kdukda&pdrfaomufapjcif; .../ (pm? 53)
17/ toH0if? toHuyfESifh jynfyef;ndK ...

jynfyef;ndKukd MuufoGefjzL? i½kwfaumif; EkdifEkdifav;jzifh [if;csKdcufaomufygu aysmufuif;oGm;ygvdrfhrnf/
qm;rav;ap&ef owdjyK .../ (pm? 54)
18/ 0rf;cPcPysufjcif;ESifh aMumifyef;½Guf ...

rMumcP 0rf;ysuf? 0rf;avQmwwfolrsm;twGuf aMumifyef;t½Gufa&m t½kd;ygvufwpfqkyfpmukd
okH;cGufwpfcGufwif BudKaomufyg .../ (pm? 56)
108
19/ ZufaMumwufjcif;ESifh csif; ...

csif;ukdyg;yg;vSD;NyD; rD;tenf;i,fjyay;yg/ NyD;vQif ZufaMumwufonfh ae&müuyfay;yg .../ (pm?63)
20/ aoG;aMumusOf;a&m*g? ESvHk;a&m*g? tonf;tqDzHk;a&m*gESifh csif; ....

yg;yg;vDS;xm;aom csif;(7)vGmukd xef;vsuf(3) cJxnfhí a&ESifh okH;cGufwpfcGufwif usKdNyD;aomufEkdifygonf/
odkYr[kwf csif;ukdyg;yg;ao;ao;vSD;NyD; ESrf;qDjzifhnpOf okyfpm;Ekdifonf/ (MuufoGefeD yg;yg;vSD;xnfhyg) wpfvtMum
aoG;ppfMunfh&maoG;xJüukdvufpa&m (cholesterol) rsm; aoG;xJwGif yg0ifrIEIef; avsmhenf;oGm;onfukd awGU7\ .../
(pm? 64)
21/ 'lvm? rD;,yf? 0rf;ysufa&m*gESifh 7Sdef;ckd ...

&Sdef;ckd wpfa7G;om;cefYukdaeYpOf pm;oHk;yg .../ (pm? 64)
22/ toufBuD;aom trsKd;om;rsm; taMumtm;enf;a&m*gESifh &Sdef;ckd ...

aeYpOf&Sdef;ckd wpfa7G;om;ceYf tNrJpm;oHk;ay;ygu
taMumtm;enf;a&m*g oufomaysmufuif;apNyD;
avief;a&m*grSvnf;umuG,fay;Ekdifygonf .../ (pm? 65)
23/ rD;zGm;NyD;p trsKd;orD;rsm; om;tdrfukdufjcif;ESifh &Sdef;ckd ...

&Sdef;ckdwpfa&G;om;cefYukd tNrJpm;oHk;ay;ygu om;zGm;NyD; trsKd;orD;rsm;wGif jzpfwwfonfh om;zGm;vrf;
aMumif; xdcdkuf'Pf&mrsm;ESifh om;tdrfukdufjcif;rsm;ukd vsifjrefpGm oufom aysmufuif;apEkdifonfhtjyif temref;
ukdvnf; aMuaponf .../ (pm? 65)
24/ qD;atmifh? ausmufwnfESifh [if;Eke,f ...

a&S;tcgu ]][if;*VKef}} [k ac:aom]][if;Eke,f}} ukd [if;csufí (7) &ufpm;vQif aysmufEkdifonf/
[if;Eke,f ql;aygufqkdvQif ykdaumif;\ .../ (pm? 67)
25/ azma&mifa&m*gESifh ueazmh ...

ueazmhukd jyKwfíwdkYjr§Kyfpm;ay;jcif;/ ueazmhjyKwf&nfjzifhyif a&csKd;ay;jcif;? acR;atmif;ay;jcif;rsm;
jyKvkyfay;yg.../ (pm? 68)
26/ tqpfa&mifa&m*g?avjzwf? avief;a&m*g ESifh yifpdrf; ...

yifpdrf;wpfyifvHk;(yÍöig;yg; )ukda&aEG;jzifh azsmNyD; xGufvmonfhtaiGUukdrIdif;½SLay;yg .../ (pm? 69)
27/ yef;em? &ifusyf? acsmif;qkd;? atmhtH? eHab;atmifhjcif;ESifh yifpdrf; ...

yifpdrf;½GufowåK&nfukdn§pfí ¤if;owåK&nf xrif;pm;ZGef;BuD; wpfZGef;cefYwGif qm;rD;zkwf refusnf;aphwpfaph
cefYxnfhíwkdufauR;yg .../ (pm? 70)
28/ acgif;ukdufjcif; ESifh yifpdrf; ...

yifpdrf;owåK&nfukd em;xif? ezl;wUkdü okwfvdrf;ay;yg .../ (pm? 70)
29/ 0rf;ysuf? 0rf;avQmjcif;ESifh rif;*GwfoD; (rif;uGwfoD;) ...
109
rif;uGwfoD;tcGHukd qefaq;&nfESifh aoG;NyD; &vmaomt&nfukdwkdufauR;yg .../ (pm? 71)

30/ qD;csKdaMumifhjzpfaomtemESifh qdyfzvl;½Guf ...
qdyfzvl;½Gufukd qm;ESifh axmif;NyD; qD;csKdaMumifhjzpfaomtemrsm;wGif vdrf;usHay;jcif;jzifh temukdoufom
aponf .../ (pm? 73)
31/ aoG;0rf;oGm;jcif;ESifh qD;jzLoD; ...

qD;jzLoD;tpdrf; vwfvwfqwfqwfukd xkaxmif;t&nfn§pf,lí oHyk&m&nfESifh aomufvQif csufcsif;
oufom aysmufuif;aponf .../ (pm? 74)
32/ cRJyltzsm;a&m*gESifh rif;*GwfoD; (rif;uGwfoD;) ...

rif;uGwfoD;tcGHukd qefaq;&nfESifhaoG;NyD; &vmonfht&nfukd wkdufauR;yg .../ (pm? 71)
33/ qD;vGefa&m*gESifh qdyfzvl;½Guf ...

qdyfzvl;½Guf a&ESifhjyKwfaomt&nfukdaomufay;yg .../ (pm? 72)
34/ 0rf;oGm;jcif;ESihf qdyfzvl;½Guf...

qdyfzvl½GufowåK7nfukdwkdufay;yg .../ (pm? 72)
35/ trsKd;orD;rsm; rD;,yfaoG;vGefemESifh qdyfzvll;yGihf ...

qdyfzvl;yGifhukd trIefYaxmif;í oMum;qwlESifh pyfNyD;aomufyg .../ (pm? 73)
36/ ESmacgif;aoG;vQHjcif;ESifh qD;jzLoD; ...

qD;jzLoD;ukd nufatmif Mudwfacsí ESmacgif;xdyfrSm tkHay;yg .../ (pm? 74)
37/ qD;ykyfa&m*gESif qD;jzLoD; ...

qD;jzLoD;tajcmufrIefYukd xef;vsuf? ysm;&nf? oum&nf wpfrsKd;rsK;d jzifh e,fzwfpm;yg.../(pm? 74)
38/ avema&m*gESifh qD;jzLoD; ...

qD;jzLoD;ukdpm;oHk;ay;jcif;jzifh avema&m*g ukdaysmufaponf.../ qD;jzLoD;onftoufukd &Snfaponf.../
(pm? 75)
39/ tom;0ga&m*gESifh awmifqD;jzL ...

awmifqD;jzL (ajrqD;jzL)yif yÍöig;yg;ukd a&pifatmifaq; tajcmufvSef;¤if;ukdjyKwfNyD; jyKwf&nfukd
aomufay;yg .../ (pm? 75)
40/ anmif;usa&m*gESifh awmifqD;jzL ...

awmifqD;jzL (ajrqD;jzL) ½GufjyKwf&nfukd aomufay;jcif;jzifh vsifjrefpGmoufomvmapEkdifygonf .../ (pm? 75)
41/ tm;ukefvQif ...

zefcg;oD;ukd trIefYjyKNyD; ysm;&nf(odkY) axmywfwkdYjzifh oifhovdk a&maESmaomufoHk;ygu tm;ukdjyefjynfh
apygonf .../
110
42/ qD;yl? qD;atmifhjzpfvQif ...

eEGif;rIefY? qDjzLoD; owåK&nf? ysm;&nf okH;rsKd;a&mpyfwkdufauR;yg .../ (pm? 76)
111
o Q o Q o
112
(17) yGJawGU ukxHk;

atmifukdEkdif
'kwd,tBudrf? 2001? rwfv/ wefzkd; 300usyf/ ynma&Tawmifpmay .../
1/ 0domcgaq;ESifh MoZmaph ...

MoZmaphukd tkd;uif;wpfckxJxnfhNyD; rD;jyif;wkdufzkwf&w,f/ jymEkqkdufatmif tawmfav;zkwf&ygw,f/
tJ'DjymEkeJY eEGif;rIefYppfppf qwla&m&ygw,f/ NyD;awmh ysm;&nfeJYaw xef;vsufeJYvnf; awEkdifygw,f/ NyD;awmh
qD;uif;avmuf tvHk;uav;awG vHk;NyD; aevSef;&ygw,f/ ajcmufaoGUoGm;&if zefykvif;xJxnfhNyD; eHeuf?
nwpfvHk;pD rSefrSefpGJpm;oGm;yg .../
tJ'Daq;ukd ]]0domcgaq;}} vdkY ac:Muygw,f/ bk&m;&Sifvufxufu ykAÁm½kHausmif;tpfrBuD; 0domcgqkd&if
touf(120) wkdifatmifaeoGm;&NyD;orD;rsm;?ajr;rsm;eJYawmif tvScsif;NydKifEkdifcJhw,fr[kwfvm;/ tck'Daq;[mvnf;
0domcgausmif;tpfrBuD;vdkyJ toufBuD;onfhwkdifatmif t&G,fEkysKdapwmukd taMumif;jyKNyD; ]]0domcgaq;}}
vkdYac:wmyg.../
'ghtjyif ZufaMumwufwmwkdY? rsufpad 0wmwkdY? "r®wmvmcsdefukdufcJ wwfwmwkdY 0, whJolawG
tqDustom;uspfNyD;? ydefolqkd&ifvnf; 0NzdK;pkdjynfvmygw,f/ ukd,f0efaqmifrdcifawG om;onfrdcifawGvnf;
pm;Ekdifygw,f .../
'Daq;[m wjcm;aq;awGeJYvnf; y#dyu© rjzpfwJhtwGuf twlwl a&maomufEkdifygw,f aq;enf;uawmh
rcufvSygbl;/ aocsmpGm pGJpm;zkdYyJ vkdygw,f .../ (pm? 24)
2/ yef;em&ifusyfESifh jy'g; ...

jy'g;xnfhxm;wJh ykvif;av;ukd BudK;eJYoG,fNyD; vnfyif;rSmqGJxm;&wmygyJ/ ]]aMomf jy'g;eJY qkdwm twnfh
uufuif; rdaewmukd;/ "mwfwlemrfwl aq;zuf,l qkdwmeJYvnf; ukdufaewmyJ .../ 'g "mwfqifxm;wmeJYwlw,f
...}} /
twnfh uufuif;vm;? "mwfwlemrfwlvm;awmh rodbl;/ tJh'gav; ,Hk,HkMunfMunfeJY qGJxm;wJhaeYupNyD;
ckxd yef;emawmh jyefrxawmhbl/ tJh'gawmhvufawGUyJ / wpfckawmh&Sdw,f/ uwdESpfckeJYtwl bk&m;a&SrSm
opömqkd&w,f/ (wpf) aq;vdyfraomuf&ygbl;/ (ESpf) trJom;rpm;&bl;/ aq;vdyfjyefaomuf&if? trJom;
jyefpm;&ifawmh jyefjzpfrSmyJwJh}} .../ (pm? 30)
3/ ,m;emESifh aeZmjruf ... (aeZmjruf = xdyfqDrSmtoD;zkwkwkeJYjr uf)
aeZmjrufukd rD;tkHNyD; owåK&nf&atmif n§pf,lyg/ tJ'DowåK&nfeJY eEGif;rIefYppfppfeJY yspfyspfav;azsmfNyD; vdrf;/
a&oHk;&ufrcsKd;bJ wpfaeYoHk;cgvdrf;? ig;ydig;ajcmufiHjym&nf? c&rf;oD;rpm;eJY .../(pm?41)
4/ wif;wdyf ESifh Muufql½Guf? bl;aph ...
½kd;½kd;Muufqlyifu t½Gufukd rD;tHkNyD; owåK&nfn§pf,lyg/ tJ'DMuufql½GufowåK&nfeJY bl;oD;tpkdxJu
bl;aphtpkdukda&mNyD; nufNyD; ap;ykdifoGm;atmif Budwf&w,f/ tJ'gukd tyspftusJ vdrf;vkdYaumif;½kH pDrHNyD;
oeyfcg;vdrf;ovkd vdrf;tdyfaygh/ nwkdif;vdrf;tdyfvkdY wpfvavmufqkd&if ododomom oufomoGm;r,f/
Muufql½Gufu rEkr&ifYaumif;w,f .../ (pm? 59)
5/ tmoD;a&mif (yoda&mif)? vnfacsmif;emESifh 'efovGefjrpf ....

'efYovGefjrpf vwfvwfqwfqwfukd a&pifatmifaq;NyD; ausmufysOfoefYoefYwGif oeyfcg;aoG;ovkd aoG;yg/
aoG;í&aom tESpfukd aomufa&qwl odkYr[kwf ESpfqa&mNyD; odaE¨mqm;tenf;i,fxnfh&ygrnf/ r&vQif½kd;½kd;
qm;xnfhyg .../
113
txufygaq;&nfukd ikHay;&ygonf/ wpfcgiHkvQif 5 rdepfcefY wpfaeYav;ig;cg iHkay;&ygonf/

ikHNyD;raxG;xkwfrD ZufvSefNyD; yg;pyf[um aq;&nfjzifh tmcwfNyD;rS axG;xkwf&ygonf/ tmoD;ta&mif avsmhoGm;NyD;
emusifukdufcJí pm;&cuf? rsKd&cufaom a0'emqkd;vnf; ododomom oufomaysmufuif; oGm;ygvdrfhrnf/
aoG;xm;aomtESpfESihf a& a&mpyfykHrSm yHkaor[kwfyg/ 'efYovGeftESpfrsm;NyD; a&enf;vQif tmacgif ylpyfylavmif
jzpfwwfygonf/ cHom½kHomazsmfpyfyg .../
aomufaq; wGJzufaomufvkdygu 'efYovGef½Guf vufwpfqkyfcefYukd odaE¨mqm; a&G;BuD;cefYESifh a&mBudwfí
owåK&nf aomufEkdifygonf/ wpfaeYoHk;Budrf aomufay;yg/ a&m*gEkvQif rkcsaysmufygonf/ a&m*g7ifYvQif tcsdef
ay;&ygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 63)
6/ vdyfacgif;jrif;o½kdfufESifh awmoyGwfcg;oD; ...

]]jrif;o½kdufu wpfyifwkdifr[kwfawmhbl; ... ya'omjrif;o½kdufjzpfaeNyD/ aumif;aumif;ukrS EkdYr[kwf&if
acG;*&if*sDemyg a&mNyD;jzpfawmhr,f}} / awmoyGwfcg;oD; (2)vHk;ukd tay:uajcmufNyD; rmaewJhtcGH
tomav;cGmvdkuf/ puúLoefYoefYjzefYcif;NyD; tay:u oyGwfoD;tajcmufESpfvHk;ukd tcsif;csif;yGwfay;awmh
trIefYav;awG usvmvdrfhr,f .../
aemuf ... rkdif;ukdifpuúLudk tomav;vdyfNyD; a&pGwf/ NyD;awmh oyGwfrIefYyg;yg; jzL;NyD;
rkdif;ukdifpuúLvdyfuav;ukd 0pör*f (ptkd) xJ tomav;xkd;oGif;/ cPaeawmh 0rf;oGm;vkdufwm twGif;u
vdyfacgif;yg qif;vmw,f/ vdyfacgif;ukd a&oefYoefYeJYaq;NyD; wpfywfvHk; pdwf&Snf&SnfeJY oyGwfrIefYav;awG jzL;ay;/
tJ'DtcgrSm vdyfacgif;[m pkdvmNyD; t&nfawGusvmr,f/ t&nfuswmenf;oGm;&if trIefYxyfjzL; .../
tJ'Dt&nfuylawmh ptkd0w0kdufukd tkef;qDvdrf;ay;xm;/ vdyfacgif;ukdawmh tkef;qDrxd&bl;/
tJ'gqkdrylawmhbl/ 10&ufavmufvJMuma&m t&nfxyf rxGufawmhovkd vdyfacgif;vnf;r&Sdawmhbl;/ wpfcgwnf;
aysmufoGm;vkdufwm ckxdygyJ/ 'gukd,fawGU .../ (pm? 73)
7/ qD;csKda&m*gESifh ausmufcJa&pdrf ...
a&S;a[mif;[dE´Laq;enf;ukd a*:&cg;BuD;wpfa,mufqDu wpfqifh&vkdY awmifwef;omoemjyK q&mawmf
t&SifOD;Owårom& ay;cJhwJh aq;enf;yg/ a&xJrSmtjrJpdrfxm;wJh ausmufcJvHk;ukd,lNyD; rD;xJrSm tcsdefESpfem&D
Mumonfhwkdif zkwf&w,f/ rD;tm;aumif;zkdYvkdw,f/ ausmufwHk;odyfylaewkef; n§yfeJY xkwf,lNyD; tkd;wpftkd;eJY
oD;oefYxnfhxm;wJh aomufa&xJukd tomav; n§ifni§ fomom xnfhvdkuf&w,ff/ &SJueJjrnfNyD; a&awG
qlyGufvmvdrfhr,f/ ausmufcJtBuD; tao;tvkduf a&tenf;trsm; csifhcsdefyg .../
a&jyefat;oGm;wJtxd ausmufwHk;ukdqufpdrfxm;&r,f/ a&aumif;aumif;at;oGm;NyDqkdrS ausmufcJukdjyef
z,fxkyf/ a&ukdawmh t0wfoefYoefYeJY ppfNyD; oD;oefYtkd;wkdY zefcsKdifhwYkdxJ ajymif;xJhyg/ tJ'Da&[mckqkd&if
aq;jzpfoGm;NyD/ tJ'Da&ukdyJ aomuf&r,f wpfaeYvHk; bmt&nfrS raomuf&bl;/ aumfzDwkdY bdvyf&nfwkdYomru
vufzuf&nfMurf; awmifraomuf&bl; xrif;pm;wkef; [if;csKdav;? bmav;enf;enf;aomufEkdifw,f/ wjcm;
pGyfjyKwfwkdYbmwkdY t&nf qkd&ifbm t&nfrS raomuf&bl;/ ckeu ausmufcJa&pdrfukdyJaomuf&r,f ..../
usefwJhtcsKdwkdY bmwkdYuawmh xHk;pHtwkdif; avQmhpm;aygh/ (4)7ufavmufqkd&if aumif;aumif;csnf;odvmygNyD/
ausmufcJuawmh a&aoa&&Sifra&G;bl;/ a&xJrSmtawmfMumMum (tNrJvkd) pdrfaewJhausmufcJ jzpfzkdYom
ta&;BuD;w,f/ vkdcsifawmhrS em&Dykdif;avmuf pdrfxm;wmrsKd; roHk;&bl;/ NyD;awmh wpfcgrD;zkwfxm;NyD;
jzpfwJhausmufcJukd jyefroHk;eJY .../
pdrfa&ukdvnf; trsm;BuD;vkyfxm;vdkYr&bl;/ wpfcgvkyf av;&ufpmavmufyJ vkyfxm;&r,f/ tu,fí a&eJY
reD;wJh t&yfrSmqkd&if tJ'DausmufwHk;awGukd pOfhtkd;xJa&xnfhNyD; pdrfxm;/ a&rcef;apeJY zkwfcgeD;rS q,fzkwf .../
a&tkd;tvwfpm;wpftkd;qkd&if ausmufcJu wif;epfabmvHk;avmuf? vdar®mfoD;avmuf? ausmufp&pfcJ?
vdyfonf;ausmuf? vrf;cif;ausmuf tukef&w,f/ pdwfcsvufcsaomuf/ qD;csKdr&SdbJ vdyfacgif;jzpfaeolukd
aomufckdif; Munfhwmaysmufw,f/ awmifwef;omoemjyKq&mawmfBuD; OD;Owårom&&JU aq;enf;ukd vufvSrf;rSDorQ
xyfqifhenf;ay;NyD; ukokdvf,lawmfrlMuygukef .../ (pm? 81)
114
o Q o Q o
(18) pm;yifoHk;yifaq;zuf0if
OD;vS'if
yxrtBudrf? 2004? Zlvkdif/ wefzkd; 2500usyf/ ynma&Tawmifpmtkyfwkduf .../
1/ csif;,dkjyKvkyfenf; (1)
o&ufoD;pdrf;ukd jyKwfyg/ o&ufoD; El;aomtcg xef;vsufESifhqD oifhawmf½kHxnfhyg xkdYaemuf
csif;xnfhBudKyg/ rwl;rjcpfap&/ þum; csif;,dkjyKvkyfenf;yif .../ (pm? 13)
2/ vnfyif;a&m*gESifh csif; ...

vQmcifusjcif;? toHrxGufjcif;? ponfwkdYjzpfcJhaomf aeYtcgü csif;wufukd ESpfBudrfcefY0g;ay;vQif ovdyf
aysmfoGm;jcif;aMumifh a&m*gaysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 19)
3/ csif;,kdjyKvkyfenf; (2)
a&S;OD;pGm csif;ukdtcGHcGmí a&ütenf;i,fjyKwfyg/ xkdaemuf a&ukdoGefypfí csif;ukda&pifatmifaumif;pGm
n§pf,lNyD; ysm;&nfESifhpdrfyg/ avvHkaom zefbl;wGif xnfhí avuG,f&müxm;yg/ txl;owdjyK&efrSm
csif;ukdjyKwfNyD;aemuf a&ukd pifatmifn§pfypf&ef ta&;BuD;onf/ a&rpifvQif ykwfwwfonf/ odkYr[kwf
yGvmwwfonf/ þcsif;,dkonf pm;ívnf; aumif;onf/ vlukdvnf; tvGefusef;rmapwwfonf .../ (pm? 13)
4/ toHysuf? toH0ifa&m*gESifh csif; ...

(1) csif;ukdBudwfí oMum;tenf;i,fa&myg xkdaemufysm;&nfxnfhí vQufay;aomf toHonf OMoiSufoH
uhJokdY aumif;vwåHU .../
(2) odkYr[kwf csif;ajcmufESifh opfMuykd;acgufjyKwf&nfwGif oMum;a&míaomufcJhaomf toHysuf?
toH0ifa&m*gaysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 19)
5/ BudKUxkd;a&m*gESifh csif; ....

(1) csif;ESifh xef;vsufa&míBudwfxm;aomtrIefYukdpm;yg .../
(2) odkYr[kwf csif;ajcmufrIefYESifh oMum; (odkYr[kwf)xef;vsufESifh twla&mpm;yg .../
(3) odkYr[kwf csif;ajcmufrIefYukd a&ESifhaomufyg .../
(4) odkYr[kwf csif;ajcmufESifh BudwfrSef½GufrIefY 1yJom;ukdaomufyg .../ (pm? 19)
6/ acsmif;qkd;yef;em ESifh csif;ajcmuf?zefcg;oD;rIefY ....

csif;ajcmufESifhzefcg;oD;rIefYukd a&aEG;jzifhaomufyg.../(pm? 19)
7/ tat;rdESmap;ESifh csif;&nf? ysm;&nf ....

csif;owåK&nfESifh ysm;&nfa&maomufyg .../ (pm? 22)
8/ ESm½SLap;ESifh (csif;ESifh xef;vsuf) ...

csif;ESifh xef;vsufjyKwf&nf odkYr[kwf csif;pdrf;&nfü xef;vsufa&mí ESm½SLay;cJhaomf rsufpd?em;? ESmacgif;wkdü
jzpfaoma&m*grsm;ESifh vnfyif;? vnfacsmif;? ausmuke;f wkdYüjzpfaom a&m*grsm; aysmufuif;onf .../ (pm? 23)
115
9/ em;ukdufjcif;ESifh csif;...
csif;&nf odkYr[kwf csif;rIefYwGif qDxnfhí csufNyD;vQif tenf;i,fylatmifjyKí (aEG;atmifjyKí)
em;wGifxnfhyg.../ em;ukdufjcif; aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 23)
10/ qifajcaxmufa&m*gESifhcsif; ...

csif;ukd jyKwfaomufaomf aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 23)
11/ qHkqkdYemESifh MuufoGefjzL...

MuufoGefjzLukd jznfjznf;csif;0g;yg/ t&nfrsKdcsyg/ MuufoGefjzL aMurGoGm;aomtcg tzwfrsm;ukdygrsKdcs&rnf/
þenf;twkdif;qufí 0g;pm;ay;vQif oHk;av;em&DtwGif;MuufoGefjzL 2atmifp (3usyfom; ausmfausmfcefY)
ukefoGm;vdrfrnf/ tyl'D*&Dvnf;usoGm;vdrfhrnf/ tu,fí raysmufygu aeYpOfwpfywfcefY qufpm;yg/ tu,fí
uav;rsm;taejzifh0g;rpm;vkdaomf &Smvywfazsmf&nfvkyfí wkdufauR;Ekdifygonf .../
(qkHqkdYem = qkHZkdYem = vnfacsmif;wGifjzpfaom temwpfrsKd;)
12/ MuufoGefjzL\ *kkPfowdå ...
tdE´d,odyÜHokawoeXme (Indian Institute of Science) wGifMuufoGefjzLrS &&Sdaom"mwfwkdYukd
okawoejyK&m MuufoGefjzLwGif ykd;wkYdukdzsufqD;wwfaom rsm;pGmaom*kPfowdåukd awGU&SdMuavonf/
xkd*kPfowdårSm ]]yifeDpvif}} ESifh wl\[k qkdMu\/
¤if;trnfukd ]]atvDqif}} [k trnfay;xm;Muonf/ ]]atvDqif}} ESifh ]]yifeDpvif}} EIdif;,SOfMunfh&m
rnfonfh½SLaxmifhu MunfhMunfh ]]atvDqif}} u tvGefaumif;jrwfaeonfukd awGU&Sd&onf[k qkdMuavonf .../
(pm? 55)
13/ iSufzsm;a&m*gESifh MuufoGefjzL...

iSufzsm;&m*gpGJuyfoltm; MuufoGefjzLukdESrf;qDESifh a&mípm;apcJhaomf tusKdjyL\/ tat;rdí tvGefwkefwuf
wwfaom tzsm;a&m*grsKd;ukd MuufoGefjzLonf tumtuG,fay;onf/ (pm? 55)
14/ ta&jym;a&m*gESifh MuufoGefjzL...

tem&Sdaeaomae&mukd MuufoGefjzLt&nfvdrf;usHay;&onf/ MuufoGefjzLukd &Sm;acgufjyKwf&nfESifh
wkdufauR;&\/ ayG;aygufaomf tcGHETmxm;aomMuufoGefjzLESifh yGwfay;vQif aysmufuif;Ekdifavonf.../ (pm? 55)
15/ temaygufa&m*gESifh MuufoGefjzL ...

vuf\twGif;om;ukdvIdufí pm;aeojzifh taMumrsm;ukd twkdif;om;jrifae&\/ tvGefteHqkd;jcif;?
jynfrsm;,kdpD;jcif;vnf; jzpfae\/ xkdtemukdMuufoeG fjzL&nfjzifh aq;aMumí MuufoGefjzL t&nfwGif
acwåtpdrfckdif;NyD; ywfwD;pnf;ay;vdkuf&m rMumcif aysmufuif;oGm;ygonf .../ (pm? 56)
16/ qHyifESifh MuufoGefjzL ...

qHyifaumif;ap&ef? rjzLap&ef MuufoGefjzL&nfukdvdrf;ay;yg.../ (pm? 58)
17/ ESmacgif;a&m*gESifh MuufoGefjzL...
116
tcsKdUaomuav;rsm; ESmacgif;rS ESyfrsm;tcgcyfodrf;,dkpD;ae\/ raumif;aomteH&Sdonfh ESm&nfrsm;vnf;

,dkpD;ae\/ ,if;tajctaeü MuufoGefjzL&nf 12yJom; (¾usyfom;) ESifh a& 7usyfcGJom; a&mí aeYtcgwGif 3Budrf
4Budrf ESmacgif;wGif;okdY Muufawmifjzifh oGif;ay;yg .../ (pm? 57)
18/ toHysuf? toH0if? toHwdrfESifh MuufoGefjzL ...

MuufoGefjzLukd EG,fcsKdESifhtwla&mírsKdcsyg/ xkdYjyif &ufwuf&nfESifh a&maomMuufoGefjzL&nfukd vnfyif;üjzpf
aomtem (sore throat) pum;ajym>yefacsmif; (vocal cords) avQmhyg;vmaomtcgwkdYü 0g;NyD;rsKdcsvQif aysmufuif;\/
xdkYtjyif vQmcif (uvula) BuD;aomtcg MuufoGefjzL&nfukdtoHk;jyKvQif sliver nitrate uJhodkY tusKd;jyK\ .../ (pm? 57)
19/ tm;wkd;aq;ESifhMuufoGe fjzL ...

MuufoGefjzLukd axmywfESifhaMumfNyD; ysm;&nfESifh a&mpyfí rjywfrSD0JMuavonf/ umrowådukd wkd;yGm;ap\
,if;enf;um; rSwfom;zG,faumif;vSawmh\.../ (pm? 62)
(&Sifem*odef? yHkjyaq;tbd"mef twGJ(1)? pmrsufESm(111) ü ]]axmywfESifhazsmfí}} ...)
20/ avcsKyfjcif;ESifh MuufoGefjzL ...
MuufoGefjzLO cyfxGm;xGm; (7)wuf (odkY) MuufoGejf zLOwpfvHk; (7)vHk;cefY rD;tHk;ípm;/ avaumif;pGmouftHh
.../ (pm?62)
21/ MuufoGefeDwGifyg0ifaom "mwfrsm; ...

MuufoGefeDwGif xHk;"mwfrsm;pGm yg0ifonf/ ADwmrifat"mwf? ADwmrif bD(1)"mwf? ADwmrif pD"mwfwkdYvnf;
tawmftoifhyg0if\ .../ xkH;"mwfonf vlUcE¨mukd,f\ t½kd;xJü 90% &Sdí usef 10%onf cE¨mukd,f\
vkyfief;rsm;ukd aqmif½Gufay;ygonf .../%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%$$$$$
þ (t[m&) xkH;"mwfonf ukd,fcE¨m&Sd t½kd;rsm;ukd BuD;xGm;oefrmap\/ udk,fum,oefrmrlukd tm;ay;\/
tm½kHaMumrsm;ukdvnf; aumif;rGefvef;qef;atmifjyKjyifay;Ekdif\/ vlwkdYwGif tm[m& (xHk;) "mwfcsKdUwJhvQif t½kd;? oGm;?
cE¨mukd,fwkdY xGm;usKdif;rIrS &yfwefYoGm;aponf .../
t½kkd;aysmha&m*gESifh t½kd;rsm; tvG,fwul usKd;Ekdifaoma&m*grsm; pGJuyfEkdif½kHru tiftm;qkwf,kwfí
toufukdyif wkdapwwfonf/ ajccGifjcif;? &iftkyfcRefjcif;? cg;apmif;jcif;wkdYrSm oli,fem½kd;aysmha&m*gjzpfNyD;rS
usef&pfaom'Pf rsm;jzpf\/ rdef;uav;rsm;wGif þa&m*grsKd;jzpfvQif wifyg;qkHyHkysufí om;zGm;&mü
tcuftcJawUGwwfonf/ xHk;"mwf onftylay;í MumMumcsufvdkufvQif ysufpD;vG,faMumif;owdjyKyg/ ADwmrif
at"mwfonf rMumcPtat;rdNyD; zsm;emjcif;? Muufrsufoifhjcif;? ta&jym;ay:ü Mumql;rsm;aygufjcif;
paoma&m*grsm; ruyfEkdifatmif umuG,fay;\ .../
ADwmrifbD (1)onf tpmaMuEdkdif\/ tm½kHaMumrsm;ukdaumif;rGefapEkdif\/ cE¨mukd,ftpdwftykdif;rsm;ukd
BuD;xGm; ap\ ADwmrifpD"mwfrSm t½kd;ESifhoGm;rsm;ukdaumif;rGefpGm wnfaqmufay;Ekdif\
aoG;tdrfrsm;ukdaumif;rGefap\/ oGm;zHk;rsm;ukdaumif;rGefap\ aoG;tm;ukdvnf;wkd;wufap\.../ (pm? 81)
22/ MuufoGefeDpm;jcif;\tusKd; ...

MuufoGefeD pm;oHk;jcif;jzifh tom;t&nfpifMu,fíacsmrGwfvmjcif;? ta&miftqif;aumif;vmjcif;
pdwfMunfvifí todÓmPfxufjrufjcif;? tawG;tac:aumif;jcif;rsm; jzpfvmEkdifayonf?? xkdtjyif 0rf;rD;aumif;í
umrowådvnf; ykdrkdvmwwfonf/ toufvnf;&Snfwwf\.../
usef;rmolvnf; MuufoGefeDukdtNrJpGJí xrif;ESifh oHk;aqmifygu 0NzdK;vmvdrfhrnf/ ESvHk;MuHhckdifvmvdrfhrnf/
&iYfa&mfjcif;r½Sd armyef;jcif;r&SdbJ tvkyfukd wm&Snf vkyfukdifvmEkdifrnf/ MuufoGefeD tpdrf;pm;aomf aumif;aumif;
tdyfaysmfwwf\ .../ (pm? 82)
117
23/ qD;a&m*gESifh MuufoGefeD ...

qD;rsm;ap&ef MuufoGefeDukd tpdrf;pm;ay;&\ qD;wpfpufwpfpufusaom a&m*grsm;üMuufoGefeDukd
jyKwfaomuf&\ .../ (pm? 83)
24/ uav;qD;csKyfjcif;ESifh MuufoGefeD ...

rD;zkwfxm;aomMuufoGefeDukd qD;tdrfay:ü ylylaEG;aEG;uyfay;yg .../ (pm? 83)
25/ uav;rsm;qD;roGm;Ekdifaomf...
uav;rsm;qD;csKyf? qD;atmifhí qD;roGm;Ekdifaomf MuufoGefeD Oao;ao;wpfwufukd tzsmbufrS "m;ESifh
cRefNyD; oli,f\ qD;wHxdyfwGifpGyfxm;yg/ em&D0ufrwkdifrDqD;oGm;vwåHU/ ausmufwnfvQif t&nfaysmfus\ .../(pm? 84)
26/ qD;a&m*gESifh ZD&mjzL ...

ausmufwnfa&m*g? qD;csKyfa&m*gwkdü ZD&mukdoMum;ESifh a&mwkdufvQifaysmuf\ .../ (pm? 95)
27/ BudKUxkd;a&m*gESifh ZD&mjzL ...

(1) &ufwuf&nfESifh ZD&mukda&mwkdufay;yg../
(2) ZD&mukdaxmywfESifhaMumfí cGufwpfckwGifxnfhí tckd;½SLyg .../ (pm? 96)
28/ vdifOa&mifjcif;ESifh ZD&mjzL ...

ZD&mESifh i½kwfaumif;ukd a&ESifh a&mBudwfNyD; rD;wGifusKdí vdifOwGif vdrf;ay;ygu vdifOa&mifjcif;
29/ iSufzsm;a&m*gESifh ZD&mjzL ...

ZD&mrIefYESifh xef;vsufa&mwkdufyg .../ (pm? 97)
(txufyg azmfjyygZD&mrsm;onf ]]ZD&mjzL}} jzpfygonf) .../
30/ vdyfacgif;tjyifxGufjcif;ESifh ZD&mndK ...
ZD&mndKaph 12yJom; prkefpyg; 12yJom;? a& 40om;jzifhjyKwfyg/ a&xuf0uf<uif;aomtcg csyg/ xkdaemuf
ausmufcsnftenf;i,fxnfhNyD; xkdt&nfjzifh reufwpfcg nwpfcg aq;aMumyg/ vdyfacgif; wjznf;jznf;ajcmufoGm;
vdrhfrnf .../ (pm? 98)
31/ om;tdrfa&mifjcif;ESifh ZD&mndK ...

om;tdrfa&mifcJhaomf ZD&mndKaphukd jyKwfí xkdjyKwf&nfwGif om;tdrfa&mifolukd xkdifapcJhaomf aysmufuif;ap\
.../ (pm? 99)
32/ OD;aESmuftm;aq;ESifh ZD&mndK ...

ZD&m 6yJom;? prkefpyg; 6yJom;? oMum; 6yJom; xkdoHk;rsKd;ukd nufpGmBudwfí trIefYjyKvkyfyg/ xkdYaemuf
Am'HoD; tqH 7yJom; axmif;xnfhí oratmif a&maESmyg/ ¤if;aq;rIefYukd EGm;EdkYylylESifh nwkdif; aomufyg .../
aq;aomufNyD;aomf a&vHk;0 raomuf&/ þuJhokdY &uf (40)rQ qufí aomufay;vQif ...
(1) OD;aESmuftvGef tm;&Sdvmvdrfhrnf .../
118
(2) ÓmPfrsm;vnf; ykdrkdxufjrufvmvdrfhrnf .../

(3) owdw&m;vnf; ykdrkdaumif;vmvdrfhrnf .../
(4) rsufpdvnf; ykdrkdMunfvifvmvdrfhrnf .../
(5) rsufrSefwyf&jcif;rS uif;vGwfvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 100)
33/ acgif;rl;jcif;ESihf ZD&mndK ...

tcsKdUolwYkd\ acgif;rl;a&m*grSm OD;acgif;wGift0wfpwpfckrQ twifrcHEkdifatmif rl;wwfonf/ OD;acgif;rSm rD;yrm
tcsdefwkdif; ylaeonf[k xif&\/ xkdokdYacgif;rl;a&m*g&Sdolukd ZD&m 6yJom;ukd a& 40om;usyfom;wGifpdrfí
xkdpdrf&nfukd vomaomnü tdrfacgifrkd;ay: wifxm;yg/
eHeufa&mufaomf xkdt&nfukd vufjzifhe,fí oefYpifaomt0wfjzifh ppf,lNyD;vQifoMum;tenf;i,f
a&maomufyg/ &uftenf;i,ftwGif; OD;acgif;rl;jcif; aysmufuif;oGm;vdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 101)
34/ acgif;rl;jcif;ESifh ZD&mndK...

acgif;rl;wwfaoma&m*gonf ao;i,fonf[k xif&aomfvnf; MumvmvQif wjznf;jznf;
OD;aESmufysufpD;jcif;? ½l;oGyfjcif;odkdYyif a&muf&SdoGm;wwfonf .../
xkdYaMumifh acgif;rl;wwfaoma&m*gukd EkpOfuyif tjrpfjywfatmif ukooifhonf/ aq;enf;rSm ZD&m
7usyfcGJom;? oMum; 2usyfwpfrwfom; ¤if;wkdYukdnufpGmBudwíf trIefYjyKvkyfyg/ xkdaq;rIefY 9yJom;ukd eHeufwkdif;
EGm;EdkY ylylESifh aomufvQif OD;acgif; csmcsmvnfatmif rl;a0aejcif;ukdyif csufcsif;,lypfovkd aysmufuif;apwwf\/
(pm? 101)
35/ ukuúdK ...

jrefrmukuúdKoD;rSm jym;í0gNyD;vQif oabFmukuúdKoD;rSm vHk;a,mifa,mifjzpfí tndK&ifha&mif7Sdonf/ wpfzef
oabFmukuúdKoD;rSm tom;jynfhum rSnfhvQifcsKdí uRJEGm;rsm; ESpfoufMuonf/ aq;zuf0ifjcif;aMumifh jrefrmukuúdKu
oabFmukuúdKxuf ykdrkdtoHk;0ifonf .../ (pm? 109) (oabFmukuúdK = ukvm;ukuúdK)
36/ acgif;ukdufa&m*gESifh ukuúdK ...

(1) rnfonfh acgif;ukdufa&m*grqkd ukuúdKESifhaysmufuif;Edkif\/ ukuúdKoD; tESpf(odkY) taphukdBudwfíavvHkaom
zefbl;xJwGifxnfhxm;yg/ acgif;ukdufolukdESmaq;rIefY t½SLckdif;ouJhokdYt½SLcdfkif;vQif rdepftenf;i,frQ
Mumaomtcg acsqwfíacgif;ukdufaysmufuif;oGm;aponf/
(2) odkYr[kwf ukuúdKyGifhukd,lí ausmufysOfay:wGif a&tenf;i,fESifhBudwfyg/ xkdBudwf&nfwkdYukd acgif;ESifh
em;xifwkdYwGif vdrf;ay;ygu acgif;ukdufjcif; aysmufuif;ygonf .../ (pm? 121)
37/ rsufpOfaq;ESifhukuúdK ...

rsufpd wdrfov’m a&m*gESifhywfoufí ]]wdrf}} [lonfrSm rsufeuf0ef;\ tv,fwGif jzLaeaom tpuf
tajymufuav;ukd ac:NyD; ]]ov’m}} [lonfrSm xkdokdYtpuftajymufr[kwfbJ rkd;om;yrmjzLa&mifoef;aeonf
ukdac:\ .../ (pm? 124)
aq;enf;rSm ukuúdKacguftav;csdef wpfaygif (27usyfcGJom;) wGif trQifrsm;uif;aom oabFmcsif;ajcmuf
12yJom; (16yJ = 1usyfom;) xnfhí rIefYnufaeatmifaxmif;yg/ xkdYaemufESrf;qDzsef;í oefYpifaom t0wfwpfckjzifh
ppf,lNyD; zefbl;wGifxnfhí aumif;pGm odrf;xm;yg .../
tvkd&Sdaomtcg rsufpdtwGif;okdY tenf;i,frQxnfhyg/ tusKd;um; rsufpdrIefjcif;? ov’mjzpfjcif;?
rsufpdeDjref;jcif; paoma&m*grsm;wkdYukd aysmufuif;apwwf\ .../ (pm? 125)
119
38/ usyfykwD;emESifh ukuúdKaph ...

uswfykwD;em[lonf vnfyif;ü rmaMumaomtzkrsm; wGJvsm;usaejcif; jzpfNyD; ykwD;rsm;ESifh wlaomaMumifh
]]usyfykwD;em}} [k ac:\ .../
ukuúdKaphukd trIefYjyKíZumcsyg/ ¤if;wGifysm;&nftenf;i,favsmvsuf ajrtkdk;wGifxnfhNyD;vQif tzHk;ydwfí
*sHkKrIefYjzifh aZmfo&GwfrHyg/ (7)7uf aeylwGif vSef;Ny;D aemuf vlemtm; 9yJom; rS 12yJom;txd aeYpOfauR;yg?
tvGeftusKd;&Sdonfukd awUG jrif&ygonf .../
tcsKdUqkdvQif uswfykwD;emomr[kwf? qD;atmifha&m*gvnf;&Sdae\/ þuswfykwD;emonf qD;atmifhaa&m*g
rSjzpfyGm;aom tqdyfaoG;wkdYESifh a&moGm;jcif;aMumifh jzpf&onf[kq&m0efBuD; prff;oyfí a&S;uqkdcJhonfh
ukuúdKaphrsm;ESifh ysm;&nfudkwkduf\.../
wpfywfauR;NyD;aemuf uswfykwD;wkdYaysmhoGm;\ tqpftjrpfwYkd udkufcJjcif;vnf;r&Sd/ qD;atmifhjcif;vnf;
aysmufuif;í pdwfvnf;Munfvifvm\/ okdY7mwGifESmacgif;u tvGef,m;vmonf/ xkdtcg q&m0efBuD;u
wrmqDwGif qm;tenf;i,fxnfh ívdrf;ay;&mt,m;aysmufuif;oGm;avonf .../ (pm? 127)
39/ acsmif;qkd;a&m*g ...

acsmif;qkd;a&m*gonfomrna&m*grsKd;[k xif&aomfvnf; Mum&SnfjzpfyGm;ygu ESvHk;ü wnfaom ]]yg'}}
rnfaom touf&SLaomavESifh vnfacsmif;üwnfaom ]]Oyg'}} rnfaomavukd zsufqD;ypf\/ tqkwfukdvnf;
tm;enf;ap\/ OD;aESmuf&Sd ovdyf (ESyf) onfaysmfí vnfacsmif;rSwpfqifh tqkwfokdYuswwf\ .../
xdkovdyfü &SdaomtqdyfaMumifh vnfacsmif;ESifh tqkwfonf ysufpD;oGm;wwf\/ xkdYaMumifh acsmif;qkd;a&m*g
rSwpfqifh tqkwfem? vnfacsmif;a&m*gponfwkdYonf xyfqifhjzpfyGm;wwfavonf .../ (pm? 128)
40/ acsmif;qkd;aysmufaq;ESifh ukuúdK...

(1) ukuúdKaph 2usyfwpfrwfom;ukd axmif;í a7wpfaygif (27usyfcGJom;) ESifh jyKwfyg/xuf0uf<uif;aom
tcgysm;&nf 2usyfwpfrwfom; a&mí a&ukefonftxd csuyf g/ wpfaeY 2Budrf? 3BudrfrQvQufyg/ wpfBudrfvQif
2yJom; .../ (pm? 128)
(2) wpfenf; ukuúdKacguf 6yJom;ukd ntcgü ajrtkd;wGif qefaq;&nfESifh pdrfyg/ reufwGifppfí
oMum;a&maomufyg/ &uftenf;i,f twGif;wGif acsmif;qkd;a&m*gonf tjrpfygrusef aysmufuif;oGm;ygvdrhfrnf .../
(pm? 128)
41/ tpmtdrfopf? tonf;a&mifjcif;ESifh ukuúdK ...

(1) tpmtdrfopfESifh tonf;a&mifa&m*g jzpfvQif qmavmifrGwfodyfjcif; vHk;0r&Sdacs/ tenf;i,fvnf;zsm;
wwfonf/ rsufESmta&mifvnf;ndKykwfykwfjzpfvmwwfonf.../ aq;enf;rSm bdef;aphESifhukuúKdjrpfacguf 9yJom;ukd? a&
40usyfom;ESifhjyKwfyg/ a&wpfaygif (27usyfcGJom;) usefaomtcg oMum;a&mí ppfaomufyg/ þvG,fulvSaom
aq;onf tonf;a&mifjcif;ESifh tpmtdrfopfa&mifjcif;ukd aysmufuif;aponf .../
tonf;tvGeftm;enf;jcif;aMumifh ajcaxmufrsm;a&mifjcif;? rsufESmrsm;a&mifjcif;jzpfNyD; rnfonfhaq;ESifh
rQukoí r&cJhaomf txufygaq;ukd toHk;jyKyg .../ (pm? 128)
rSwfcsuf/ / (1) bdef;aphtav;csdefryg .../
(2) aomuf&rnfhaq; twkdif;twmESifh tBudrfta&twGufryg .../
(2) wpfenf; ukuúKd½GufESifh tacgufukd t&dyfü tajcmufvSef;í rD;½SKdUyg/ jymcsyg/ þjymukd a&(8)qwGif pdrfí
ajrtkd;xJxnfhyg/ wpfaeYvQif 2 Budrf? 3BudrfrQ ukuúKo
d m;jzifh arTay;yg/ 37ufajrmufaomaeYü tay:a&Munfukd,lyg/
uvdkifokwfxm;aom tkd;wGifxnfhí csufyg/ a&cef;aomtcg tjzLa&mif&Sdaom qm;ukd&rnf þqm;onf
tonf;a&mifa&m*gtwGuf tvGefxufjruf\ .../
120
tvkd&Sdaomtcg 4 &wDrS 1yJom;xd oMum;a&mí? prkHpyg;aygif;wkduf&nfESifh aomufyg/ tonf;a&mifjcif;

tonf;tm;enf;jcif; aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 128)
42/ tzsOf;a&mifa&m*gESifh ukuúKd ...

tzsOf;a&m*g jzpfaevQiftpmukd aumif;pGmrpm;Ekdifjcif; aumif;pGmroGm;rvmEkdifjcif; tu,fítenf;i,f
oGm;vmvkyfukdifrdvQif tvGefarmyef;\ rsufESmta&mifazsmhjcif;nKdykyfjcif;jzpfwwf\.../
a&m*gjyif;xefvmygu uk&cuf\/ xkda&m*gtwGuf txufwGifjycJhonfhukuúKd½GufwkdrS csufaom]]qm;}}ukd
wpf&wDrS ESpf&wDxd aomufay;vQif rMumrDaysmufuif;oGm;ygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 128)
43/ jrif;o½kdufa&m*gESifh ukuúKd ...

aq;usrf;rsm;wGif jrif;o½kdufem trskKd;rsm;pGm &Sdaomfvnf; ,ckumvü (2)rskKd;om trSwfjyKMuonf/
wpfrsKd;rSm aoG;ESifh 0gaomt&mif&Sdt&nf 0pör*f (ptkd) rSxGufus\/ ¤if;ukd aoG;jrif;o½kduf[kac:\/ aemufwpfrsKd;rSm
aoG;,kdjcif;r&Sd/ okdY&mwGif 0pör*frSm ,m;,H\/ ¤if;ukd avjrif;o½kdufem[kac:\ .../
aoG;jrif;o½kdufem\ vu©PmrSm 0rf;csKyf\/ 0rf;oufaomtcg cufcJpGmjzifh tenf;i,f tenf;i,fomus\/
aoG;onf usifBuD;ESifhaomfvnf;aumif; aoG;csnf;oufouf aomfvnf;aumif; wpfpufwpfpufus\ tu,fí
a&m*gMumvmcJhaomf xdkifae&if;aomfvnf;aumif; usifi,fpGefY&if;aomfvnf;aumif; uswwf\/ vdyfacgif;rSmemusif
udkufcJ\ .../
avjrif;o½kdufem\ vu©PmrSm aoG;,kdpD;jcif;r&Sd/ okdY&mwGif emusifukdufcJjcif;awmh renf;vSay/
0rf;wGif;avjrnf\ 0rf;csKyf\/ cg;aygifwkdYudkufcJ\/ tpmaMuusufjcif;r&Sd/ qmavmifjcif;r&Sd/ rsufemESifhukd,fonf
azsmhawmhaomt&mif&Sdonf .../
xkdESpfrsKd;teuf aoG;jrif;o½kdufvdyfacgif;rS ]]aoG;euf}} usaomfxkdaoG;ukdcsufcsif;ydwfrypf&/ tu,fí
]]aoG;eD}} uscJhaomf ydwfay;oifh\/ jrif;o½kdufem aoG;ydwfaq;rSm ukuúKdaphukd nufpGmtrIefYjyKí 2&wD
twkdif;twmrQ aeYpOfeHeuf? n a&ESifh aomufyg/ oHk;&ufajrmufaeYwGif aoG;ydwfoGm;rnf..../
vdrf;aq;rSm vdyfacgif;ukdaq;aMumNyD;aemuf ukuúKdaphtqDESifh e,fay;yg/ oHk;&ufajrmufaomtcg
vdyfacgif;rSm ajcmufí a<uoGm;ygvdrhfrnf .../ (pm? 129)
44/ qD;atmifha&m*gESifh ukuúKd...

(1) ukuúKdyGifh 6yJom;ukd ,lyg/ ¤if;wGifoMum;tenf;i,fa&mía&ESifh pdrfyg/ xkdaemufe,fNyD;
t0wfESifhppfí aomufaomf qD;atmifh a&m*gaysmufuif;\ .../
(2) wpfenf; ... ukuúKdaphqDukd 'defcsOfESifh a&maomufaomfaysmufuif;\ ../
(3) wpfenf; ... ukuúKd½Gufukd a&ESifh Budwfí t&nfxkwf,lyg/ xkdaemuf oMum;a&mí aomufaomf
qD;atmifha&m*g aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 129)
45/ *Ekda&m*gESifh ukuúKd ...

qdwfEkdYESifh vkyfaom 'defcsOf&nfü ukuúKdaphqD 3pufrS 7puftxd xnfhí aeYtcg oHk;BudrfrQwkdufyg/ wpfcGuf
ESpfcGuf aomuf½kHrQESifh *Ekda&m*g aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 129)
('defcsOfvkyfenf; þrSwfpmrsufESm ( ) wGif&Sdonf) .../
46/ azma&mifjcif;ESifh ukuúKd ...
ukuúKdacguf 9yJom;ukd a& 40om;jzifh jyKwfyg/ xuf0uf<uif;aomtcg oMum;ESifh a&maomufyg/
tBudrftenf;i,frQ aomuf½kHeJY azma&mifa&m*g aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 129)
121
47/ ta&jym;a&m*gESifh ukuúKd ...

ta7jym;a&m*gonf aoG;om;raumif;rIaMumifhjzpf&onf/ ukuúKdonf aoG;om;ukd tvGefpifMu,fap
wwfonf .../ xkdYaMumifh ukuúKdaq;ukd tjrJrSD0JolwkdYonf aoG;om;rpifMu,frIaMumifh jzpfwwfaom ,m;,Hjcif;?
tzktydrfhrsm; xGufjcif;paom umvom;a&m*g rjzpfEkdif .../
ukuúKdacguf 12yJom;? i½kwfaumif;2yJom;ukdtrIefYjyKí a&ESifhaomufyg/ &uf(40)xd aomufvQif
aoG;om;onf rnfrQyif azmufjyefonfjzpfygap pifMu,foGm;Ekdif\/ xkdaq;onf Elem?,m;em? tzktydrfhxGufjcif;?
umvom;a&m*gwkdYukd aysmufuif;apEkdifonf/ (pm? 130)
48/ orifjzLa&m*gESifh ukuúKd ...

aoG;om; rnDrnGwfrIaMumifh jzpf&onf/ orifjzLa&m*gonf ig;rsm;ukd twkdif;twmxuf ykdvGefpGmaeYwkdif;
pm;aomufjcif;? EkdY&nfukd aomufNyD;aemuf tcsOfukdpm;jcif; (odkY) ig;ESifh EkdYukd a&mpm;jcif; ponfwkdYaMumifh
jzpfwwfonf/ jzpfpwGif tjzLuGuf wpfuGufrQyif jzpfaomfvnf; wjznfjznf; wpfukd,fvHk; ysHUEYSHoGm;wwfonf/
ukuúKdaphqDukd vdrf;usHay;cJhaomf orifjzLa&m*g aysmufuif;\ .../
aemufwenf;rSm ukuúKdacgufukd nufpGmBudwfí a&ESifhtBudrfwpf&m aq;aMumyg/ xkdaemuf
ukuúKdacguftrIefYukd axmywfESifha&mívdrf;usHyg .../ (pm? 130)
49/ vdifOa&mifjcif;ESifh ukuúKd ...

ukuúKdacgufukd Budwfí vdrf;usHcJhaomf vdifOa&mifjcif; aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm?133)
50/ ESmydwfjcif;ESifh ukuúKd ...

ukuúKdaphukd nufpGmBudwfí ½SLay;aomf ESmydwfjcif; aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 133)
51/ iSufzsm;a&m*gESifh yifpdrf; ...

(1) iSufzsm;wufaepOf yifpdrf;½Guf (10)½GufcefYcl;í i½kwfaumif;rIefYESifh a&míwkdufvQifiSufzsm;a&m*g
(2) yifpdrf;½Guf tpdrf;wkdYudk cl;í csdefyg/ ¤if;\xuf0uf i½kwfaumif;rIefYESifh a&mBudwfNyD; qD;uif;cefYtvHk;
uav;rsm;jyKvkyfyg/ ae&dyfwGif tajcmufvSef;yg/ xkdaq;vHk;av;rsm;ukd oHk;em&D jcm;í
iSufzsm;a&m*g&SdolwkdYukd 2vHk;pD wdkufyg/ iSufzsm;a&m*gaysmufuif;\/
(xkdaq;vHk;rsm;ukd tdE´d,jynf aq;½kHrsm;ü toHk;jyKMuonf) .../ (pm? 154)
uRefyfwkdYjrefrmjynfwGifvnf; xkduJhokdY toHk;jyK&ef tMuHay;vkdygonf xkdyifpdrf;aq;vHk;onf uDGEkdif?
qifukdem? atawb&def; ponfwkdYuJhokdY iSufzsm;usoGm;atmif rpGrf;apumrl (4)cgrQ wkduf½kHjzifh tjrpfjywf
aysmufuif;apEkdifonf/ xkdYaMumifh tMuHay;vkdonfrSm ...
(u)rnfolrqkd wefzkd;enf;yg;pGmjzifh 0,f,ltoHk;jyKEdkif\ .../
(c) uGDEkdif;ponfwkdYonf uRefyfwdkYwkdif;jynf&Sd vlwdkY\ ½kyfw&m;ESifh avQufywfjcif;r&Sd/ uGDEdkif; ponfwkdYukd
aomufrdygu acgif;rl;jcif;? em;avxGufjcif;? EIwfcrf;ajcmufjcif;? em;yif;jcif;ponfwkdY jzpfwwfMuonf/
yifpdrf;ESifh iSufzsm;jzwfjcif;onf xkdokdYrjzpfEkdifacs .../
(*) uDGEkdif;ponfukd tvGeftuJaomufí tqkdygacgifrl;jcif; ponfwkdYjzpfcJhaomf ... EkdY7nfrsm;? tqD&Sdaom
t&m0w¬Krsm;? vdar®mfoD; ponfwkdYukd rsm;pGmpm;ay;&ojzifh qif;&Jom;rsm;twGuf aiGtukefus rwwfEkdif
Muacs .../ txufyg taMumif;rsm;aMumifh qif;&Jom;rsm;twGuf uGDEkdif;tpm; yifpdrf;iSufzsm;aq;ukd tokH
jyK7ef tMuHjyK&ayownf; .../ (pm? 155)
52/ a>rukdufjcif; ESifh yifpdrf; ...
122
vlemonf owd&jcif; r&Sdawmhyg/ a>rukdufcH&onfrSm (8)em&DrQ MumaeygNyD/ uRefyfonf

a&mufvQifa&mufjcif; yifpdrf;½Gufukd xkaxmif;vsuf &aomt&nfukd vlem\ acgif;? yg;pyf? &ifbufwdkYü ememe,fí
vl;apygonf/ NyD;aemuf iSufaysmyifpnf&nf atmifp0ufukd yg;pyfjzJí wkdufygonf/ (atmifp0uf = 1usyfom;)
þenf;twkdif; 5rdepfwpfBudrfrQ iSufaysmyifpnf&nfukd owdr&rcsif; wkdufygonf/ 6em&D 7em&D rQMumaomf
owd&vmygawmYonf .../
xkdodkYjyKvkyfumrQESifh owdarhaeaom touf&Sifrnfhvu©Pmrsm; uif;rJhaeaom? arQmfvifhcsufuif;rJhaeaom
olrsm;yif yifpdrf;½Gufukd ukd,füvdrf;ay;jcif;? iSufaysmyifpnfu&aom t&nfukdyg;pyfxJ xnfhay;jcif;jzifhyifvQif
toufjyef&Sifvmonfukd awGUcJh&zl;ygonf .../ (pm? 157)
53/ onf;ajczsm;ESifh yifpdrf; ...

onf;ajcjyXmef;aom tzsm;a&m*grsm;ü t0ga&mif&Sdaom tefzwfrsm;ukd rMumcP tefwwfMuonf/
a&vnf; tvGefiwfwwfMuonf/ xkdtcg vwfqwfaom yifpdrf;½Guft&nfwGif oMum;tenf;i,fa&mí rMumrMum
wkdufay;oifh\/ þaq;&nfonf tzsm;ukdvnf; aysmufuif;apwwf\/ tonf;wGif pk½kH;wnf&Sdaom onf;ajcrv
(onf;ajctnpftaMu;) wkdYukdvnf; xkwfypfwwf\/ 0rf;rD;ukdvnf; awmufapwwf\/ a&iwfvnf;ajy\/
atmufokdYvnf; oufapwwf\ .../ (pm? 155)
54/ acgif;ukduf? ESmacgif;a&m*gESifh yifpdrf;...

acgif;ukdufjcif;? acgif;wpfjcrf;ukdufjcif;? ESmap;jcif;? ESmacgif;teHYukd rodaoma&m*gukdvnf;aumif;?
ESmacgif;wGif; ykd;rsm;&Sdaomtcgüvnf;aumif; vwfqwfaom yif;pdrf;&Gwfukd t&nfnpfí ESmacgif;xJ xnfhay;vQif
ESmacgif;xJ&Sd ykd;rsm;aoukef\ .../
yifpdrf;½GufajcmuftrIefYukd ESm½SLay;vQifvnf; raumif;aomteHrsm; ESmacgif;rS xGufjcif;aysmufuif;\ .../
(pm? 159)
55/ acsmif;qkd;yef;ema&m*gESifh yifpdrf; ...

yifpdrf;yGifhwH? csif;ajcmufESifh MuufoGefwkdYukd xkaxmif;vsuf ysm;&nfESifh a&mí vQufcJhaomf
acsmif;ajcmufqkd;jcif;ESifh yef;ema&m*grsm; aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 160)
56/ vQmcifusa&m*gESifh yifpdrf; ....

acsmif;qkd;a&m*g? vQmcifusa&m*gwkdYü yifpdrf;½Guf tpdrf;ukdqm;ESihf a&mí 0g;ay;cJhaomf aysmufuif;\ .../
(pm? 160)
57/ ta7jym;a&m*gESifh yifpdrf; ....

yifpdrf;7GwfowåK&nfukd vdrf;ay;cJhaomf ta&jym;a&m*g aysmufuif;\/ xkdjyif yifpdrf;owåK7nfukd
oHyk&m&nfESifh a&mí vdrf;ay;cJhaomf ]]ayG;}} a&m*gaysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 163)
58/ tdE´d,ESifh wrm ....

tdEd´,jynfoljynfom;wkdYonf ESpfpOfESpfwkdif; rkd;Owka&mufvQif wpfvwddwd wrmukdpm;avh pm;x&SdMuonf/
xkdokdY wpfvywf vHk;wrmukdpm;oHk;jcif;aMumifh wpfESpfywfvHk; aoG;rsm;pifMu,fapwwfaMumif;? aoG;roefYí
jzpfwwfaom ausmufa&m*g? ta&jym;a&m*g ponfwkdY ruyfa7mufEkdif .../
tMuifolonf yJ&mZmESifh wrm½Gufukda&mí wpfvywfvHk;pm;\? xkdoltm;wpfESpfywfvHk;tqdyfjzifh
redyfpufEkdifacs .../ (pm? 193) (yJ&mZm = yJeDav;)
123
59/ EkdYacsmif;ydwfjcif;ESifh wrm½Guf ...

rdefrrsm; EkdYacsmif;ydwfcJhaomf rdefrwkdY\ EkdYtkHukd wrm½GufBudwfí vdrf;usHay;cJhaomf aysmufuif;\ .../
(pm?201)
60/ onf;ajcaMumifhjzpfaoma&m*gESifh wrm½Guf ....

wrm½GufEkwkdYukd Budwfí xkdt&nfukd aomufchJaomf onf;ajcaMumifhjzpfaom a&m*gtrsKd;rsKd; aysmufuif;\
.../ (pm? 203)
61/ OD;acgif;&Sdykd;ESifh wrm½Guf ...

wrm½Guf&nfukd ESrf;qDESifha&mí ESm½SLay;chJaomf OD;acgif;&Sdykd;rsm; ao\ .../ (pm?204)
62/ qD;ausmufwnfjcif;ESifh wrm½Guf ...

wrm½Gufjymukd &uftenf;i,fwkdifatmif pm;cJhaomf qD;wGif ausmufwnfjcif;a&m*g aysmufuif;onf/
2yJom;pm;í a&aomufcsyg .../ (pm?204)
63/ tqpfrsm;ukdufjcif;ESifh wrm ...

wrmtwGif;acgufukd a&ESifh ausmufysOfay:wGif aoG;yg/ emusifukdufcJaomae&mü cyfyspfyspfvdrf;yg/
wpfaeYvQif ESpfBudrfrQvdrf;cJhaomf tqpfrsm;udkufcJjcif; aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 205)
65/ qD;a&m*gESifh wrm ...

wrmoD;tpdrf;ukd pm;chJaomf qD;a&m*g aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 207)
66/ vdyfacgif;ESifh eEGif;rIefY ...

ydwfcsif;jrpf? eEGif;rIefY þaq;ESpfrsKd;ukd qwl EGm;usifi,f&nfESifh a&mí vdyfacgif;tm; vdrf;usHay;aomf
vdyfcgif; a<uus\ .../ (pm?231)
67/ EkdYa&mifjcif;ESifh eEGif;rIefY ...

y'kdif;½Guf? eEGif;7GufwkdYukd Budwfí EkdYü vdrf;ay;cJhaomf EkdYa&mifjcif;? ukdufcJjcif; aysmuf\ .../ (pm?231)
68/ acsmif;qkd;a&m*gESifh eEGif; ...

rwfyJESifh eEGif;ukda&mí aq;vdyfü xnfhaomufaomf aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 321)
69/ tom;0gESifh eEGif; ...

eEGif;rIefY 12yJom;ukd? 'defcsOf 3usyfom;? 12yJom;ESifh a&mí eHeuftcg aomufcJhaomf tom;0g
(ukd,fa&0ga&m*g) aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 234)
('defcsOfvkyfenf; þrSwfpkpmtkyf\ pmrsufESm ( )wGif &Sdonf) .../
70/ qD;a&m*gESifh eEGif; ...
eEGif;rIeYfukd qD;jzLoD;owåK&nf? ysm;&nfwkdYESifh a&mí rSD0Jaomf ... tvHk;pHkaom qD;a&m*g aysmuf\/ wpfenf;
eEGif;rIefY 3yJom;ukd ysm;&nfESifh a&mí eHeuftcg aomufaomf qD;a&m*gtrsKd;rsKd; aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 234)
71/ qifajcaxmufa&m*gESifh eEGif;rIefY
124
eEGif;rIefYukd EGm;usifi,f7nfESifh a&maomufcJhaomf qifajcaxmufa&m*g? 0Jem? Elemaysmufuif;\ .../ (pm?

234)
72/ jrif;cGm½Guf ...

(1) London Daily Express wGif vlwkdYtouf&Snfaq;awGUNyD .../ (pm? 253)
(2) jrif;cGmyifonf aoG;om;nDnGwfapaom tm;wkd;aq;wpfrsKd;jzpfonf .../ (pm? 254)
(3) "mwfaysmhaysmhoGm;í tiftm;wkd;apaom aq;wpfrsKd;jzpfonf .../ (pm? 254)
(4) jrif;cGm½Gufonf tpmukd aMuusufvG,faponf/ qD;? 0rf;? avwkdY aumif;aponf .../ (pm? 255)
73/ BudKUxkd;a&m*gESifh qD;jzLoD; ...

BudKUxkd;a&m*gjzpfvQif qD;jzLoD;rIefYESifh ydwfcsif;oD;rIefYukd ... ysm;&nfESifh a&mNyD; vsufcJhaomf BudKUxkd;a&m*g
74/ qD;atmifha&m*gESifh qD;jzLoD; ...

qD;jzLoD;owåK&nf 1usyfcGJom;ü zmvmi,frIefYjzL;í aomufcJhaomf qD;atmifha&m*g aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm?
383)
75/ qD;vGefa&m*gESifh qD;jzLoD; ...

qD;jzLoD;owåK&nf? iSufaysmoD;rSnfh? ysm;&nfESifh oMum;wkdY pkaygif;NyD; vsufcJhaomf qD;vGefa&m*g aysmuf\
.../ (pm? 383)
76/ rD;,yfjzLESifh qD;jzLoD; ...

qD;jzLoD;taphukd a&ESifh Budwfí ppfNyD;vQif ysm;&nfESifh oMum; a&maomufcJhaomf ... rD;,yfjzLa&m*g
o Q o Q o
125
126
(19) ckepfaeYom;orD;rsm; xkdokdYjzpfvQifþokdYvkyfyg

okawoDjrifhxGef;
'kwd,tBudrf? 2003? Zefe0g&Dv/ wefzkd; 500usyf/ prf;oDwmpmay .../
1/ cg;emESifh awmifqD;jzL ...

awmifqD;jzL (ac:) ajroQdoQm; (ac:) ajruyfqD;jzL (ac:) ykwD;jzL yÍöig;yg;ukd okH;cGufwpfcGufwif
BudKNyD;aomuf? ESpfcg oHk;cg aomuf½kHjzifh wpfESpfeD;yg;cHpm;cJh7wJh cg;ema&m*g[m &Sif;&Sif;aysmufoGm;w,f .../ (pm? 33)
2/ aoG;uifqmESifh BudwfrSef½Guf ...

BudwfrSef½GufowåK&nfu wpfydom/ xef;vsufu 25usyfom;? prkefrsKd;ig;yg; wpfyJom;? prkefeufu
wpfyJom;? tm;vHk;aygif;NyD;usKd? tpdwfom;usef&ifcs/ [if;cwfZGefeJY eHeufwpfZGef; aeYpOfrSefrSefaomufay; .../
wpfvMum&if ukovdkYr&bl;qkdwJh aoG;uifqm[mr&Sdawmhbl; .../ (pm? 35)
3/ wefaq; vGefab; ...

aysmufvdkaZmjzifh aq;tcsdeftqukdykdí toHk;rjyKtyfyg/ tu,fí tvGeftrif;pm;rdygvQif ...
(1) aoG;avrsm;vIyf&Sm;vmNyD; ukd,fa&jym;rsm; eDjref;vmwwfjcif;/
(2) ykd;&Grsm;udkufouJhokdY cHpm;&jcif;/
(3) tom;t&nfay:wGif tzktydefYrsm; jzpfwwfjcif;/
xkdokdYjzpfcJhvQif pm;aeus aq;tcsdeftqukd avQmhpm;oifhonf .../ 0rfElwfay;jcif;ukdvnf; jyKoifhonf .../ (pm? 37)
4/ n§if;aysmufaq; ...
(1) pm;qkd'g? oeyfcg; qwla&mvdrf; aysmuf\ .../
(2) BudwfrSef½Guf yÍöig;yg; owåK&nf vdrf;aysmuf\ .../
(3) vdar®mfcGH rD;uif? t&nfn§pfvdrf;? aysmuf\ ../
5/ BudKUxkd; a&m*gaysmufaq; ...

(1) o&uf½Gufukd rD;tHk;NyD;rIdif;½SLay;vQif aysmufuif;\ .../
(2) odkYr[kwf qD;jzLoD;ajcmuf? csif;ajcmuf qwltrIefYjyKvQufysm;&nfESifh a&mívsufay;vQif aysmufuif;\
.../
(3) odkYr[kwf i½kwfaumif;aphukd tyfzsm;wGifxkd;í za&mif;wkdifrD;wGifwifxm; ,if;rSxGufaomtckd;taiGUukd
½SLay;jcif;jzifh aysmufuif;\.../
(4) odkYr[kwf EG,fcsKd0g; t&nfrsKdcs tzwfaxG;xkwf rMumcPvkyfaysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 45)
6/ qD;tdrfwGif;&Sdausmufrsm;aMuuGJ&ef...
*sKHrIefYESifh ukvm;yJrIefYa&musKdí&aom t&nfukdaomufvQifaysmufuif;\/ (pm? 47)
7/ BudwfrSef½Guf,kdESifhaysmufuif;aoma&m*grsm; ...
(u) BudwfrSef½Guf yÍöig;yg; EkyfEkyfpOfNyD;om; ... 25usyfom;
(c) xef;vsufoefYoefY ... 10usyfom;
(*) t&nfn§pfNyD; a&SmufoD;zwf ... 10usyfom;
(C) MuufoGefeD yg;yg;vSD;NyD;om; ... 10usyfom;
(i) prkerf sK;d ig;yg; ... 2yJom;pD
127
txufygwkdYukd ajrtkd;opfwGif qm;oifh½kHxnfhNyD; ,kdxkd;ouJhokdY jzpfvmatmif usKdcsufyg/

anmifap;usaomf tat;cHí ykvif;oefYoefYwGif avvHkpGmxm;NyD; tpm;ESifh a0;csdef eHeuf? aeYvnf? ntdyf&m0if
wpfaeY oHk;Budrf rSefrSefoHk;aqmifygvQif atmufyga&m*grsm; aysmufuif;onf .../
(1) Muufrsuo f ifha&m*g ... (pm? 48)
(2) uk, d af zmuk, d fa&mifa&m*g ... (pm? 49)
(3) ukd,f0efysufa&m*g ... (pm? 52)
(4) acsmif;qk;d yef;ema&m*g ... (pm? 57)
(5) cHwiG ;f ysuaf &m*g ... (pm? 59)
(6) ajcvufwek ef ma&m*g ... (pm? 62)
(7) ayG; ,m;ema&m*g ... (pm? 90)
(8) rD;,yftzktydefY? rD;,yfrsufpd? rD;,yfacgif;ukduf? rD;,yfxHkusifem ... (pm? 102)
(9) avem0rf;ukduaf &m*g ... (pm? 119)
(10)0rf;csKyaf &m*g ... (pm? 125)
(11)A&if*seD m ... (pm? 94)
(12)arxkev f eG af &m*g ... (pm? 109)
(13)tom;ta& jzLywfjzLa&mfa&m*g ... (pm? 144)
(14)tlusa&m*g ... (pm? 157)
8/ cg;emcg;udkufaysmufaq; ....
(1) eEGif;wuf ... 5rl;om; (8yJom;) (16yJ = 1usyfom;)
(2) rdóvi f ... 1usyfom;
(3) y½kwf ... 5rl;om; (8yJom;)
(4) i½kwfaumif; ... 7aph
xkdav;r,fukd trIefYBudwf? qDjzifhvdrf;? aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 61)
9/ csdeJYydefcsKH;a&m*gESifh c&rf;csOfoD; ...

c7rf;csOfoD;trSnfhukd t&nfn§pfí aeYpOfaomuf? aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 62)
10/ clemESifh &Sm;apmif;vufyyf. ..

wapmif;vufyyf (&Sm;apmif;vufyyf) ukdjzwfNyD; vufrSclemay:wGif pGwfxm;ay;vQif aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm?
64)
11/ iSufzsm;a&m*gESifh &Srf;aq;cg;BuD; ...

&Srf;aq;cg;BuD;trIefYukd ysm;&nfESifh awpm;vQif aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm?65)
12/ qDcsKda&m*gaysmufaq; ...

(1) abmufoD; owåK&nf ukdaomufvQif aysmufuif;\ .../
(2) o7uf7GuftEkuav;rsm;ukd tajcmufvSef; trIefYjyKaomuf aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 67)
13/ qD;atmifh a&m*gaysmufaq; ...

(1) *sKHaphwpfusyfcGJom;ukd nvHk;aygufa&rSmpdrf xkdpdrf&nfukd eHeufwGifaomuf aysmuf\ .../
(2) o&ufyGifhtajcmufvSef; trIefYjyK wpfaeYoHk;Budrfa&aEG;ESifhaomufaysmuf\ .../ (pm? 68)
128
14/ qD;csKyf? qD;atmifha&m*gESifh rJZvD½Guf ....

rJZvD½Guf (ayG;ukdif;rJZvDr[kwf) 10usyfom;cefYukd okH;cGufwpfcGufwif usKdaomufaysmufuif;\ .../ (pm?
68)
15/ qD;tdrfydwfqkdYa&m*gESifh rkefvmO ...

qD;rqif;EkdifbJ ydwfqkdYaecJhvQif rkefvmO owåK&nf aomufaysmuf\ .../ (pm?74)
16/ qifajcaxmufa&m*gaysmufaq; ...

EGm;usifi,f&nfwGif csif;ajcmufrIefY tenf;i,fxnfhí aeYpOf oHk;aqmifygvQif aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 75)
17/ qHkqkdYemESifh oabFmoD; ...

oabFmoD; tpdrf;EkEk wpfvHk;ukd a&raq; tcGHrETmbJ ukefatmifpm;yg/ vnfacsmif;xJwGif&SdorQ t&dt&GJ
tusdtcRJ[lorQ csufcsif; xGuftHusNyD; aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 74)
18/ anmif;usa&m*gESifh aMumifyef;½Guf ...

aMumifyef;½GufjyKwf&nfukd aomufvQif qD;&TifNyD; vQifjrefpGm aysmufuif;onf .../ (pm? 77)
19/ xdyfuyfemaysmufaq; ...

(1) oyGwfcg;oD;ukd t&nfn§pfí ESmacgif;xJxnfhvQif aysmufuif;\ .../
(2) odkYr[kwf EG,fcsKdjzLukd aoG;í ½SLay;vQifvnf; aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 78)
20/ 'lvmjrif;o½kdufESifh oabFmoD; ...

oabFmoD;trSnfhukd rSefrSefpm;oHk;ygu aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 80)
21/ om;zGm;NyD;p rdcifrsm; ESvHk;tm;ay;aq; ...

om;zGm;NyD;p rdcifrsm;pNrdwftaphukda&aEG;azsmíaomufygvQif ESvHk;ukdvGefpGmtm;ay;\.../ (pm? 85)
22/ yef;emaysmufaq; ...

'efYovGefjrpfESifh csif; owåK&nfukd a&maomuf aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 87)
23/ yef;em&ifusyfaysmufaq; ...

r½kd;yif (ijzLBuD;) EkyfEkyfpOf;? qifwHk;rEG,f? jrefrmhqm;cg; xkdoHk;rsKd;ukd qwla&míxm;/ tkd;wpfvHk;wGif
oHk;r,fpkxnfh tzkH;jzifh aZmfrHNyD; rD;jyif;jyif;ü zkwf&rnf/ tkwfzkdxJwGif xnfhzkwf&rnf/ tkwfzkdusufí azmfaomtcg
tqkdygtkd;ukdzGifhí trIefYjyKí vsufay;vQif aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 90)
24/ zGwfptkdemaysmufaq; ...

(1) xef;EkdYajcmufukd aq;vdyfvdyfaomuf aysmuf\ .../
(2) oyGwfcg;oD;tajcmufrS tcGHrIefYukd ESm0rS rIwfay;u aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 93)
25/ vnfacsmif;a&m*gaysmufaq; ...

(1) o7uf½Guf? o&ufacgufwkdYukd usKdNyD;ikHay;ygvQif aysmufuif;\ .../
129
(2) wpfenf; o&uf½Gufukd rD;tkH;NyD; rdIfif;½SLay;vQif aysmufuif;\ .../

(3) vnfacsmif;wGif; temaygufaomf eHeHaphukdpm;í t&nfukd rsKdcsvQif aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 120)
26/ rD;,yfaoG;vGefa&m*gaysmufaq; ...

(1) qifwHk;rEG,fukdqefaq;&nfESifhaoG; vufzuf&nfMurf; yef;uefwpfvHk; wpfaeYoHk;Budrfaomuf
aysmuf\ .../
(2) wpfenf; q,fhESpf&moDyGifh oHk;yGifhukd xef;vsufoHk;vHk;ESifh BudwfNyD; (bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm) tm;
&nfpl;um pm;ygvQif aysmuf\ .../
(3) jrif;cGm½Gufwpfusyfom;? oMum;ESpfusyfom; a&wpfq,fhig;usyfom;wkdYukd wpf0ufcef;atmifusKd
,if;ukd ESpfcGufpm jyKvkyfNyD; reufwpfcGuf nwpfcGufaomufygvQif rD;,yfaoG;qif;jcif; wjznf;jznf;
&yfoGm;ygrnf .../ (pm? 98)
27/ jrif;zkemESifh oabFm½Guf ...

oabFm7Guftpdrf;ukd BudwfítkHay;yg aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 108)
28/ jrpfajcmufem(tqkwfem) ESifh uif;ykHyif ...

uif;yHkyif yÍöig;yg;jyKwfaomuf aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 108)
29/ vnfyif;BuD;a&m*gaysmufaq; ...

(1) w½kwfpum; oufBuD;yifrsm;wGif wpfcgwpf&H awGU&wwfaom w½kwfpum;oD;ukdaoG;vdrf;jcif;?
aoG;íaomufjcif; jyKvkyfygu aysmufuif;\ .../
(2) wpfenf; aq;tkd;ykwfyifukd aoG;vdrf;? aoG;aomufvQifvnf;aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 120)
(tyGifhu tkd;ykwfESifhwlaomaMumihf aq;tkd;ykwfyif[k ac:onf .../)
30/ vnfyif;uifqmaysmufaq; ...
aq;tkd;ykwfyifukd aoG;vdrf;? aoG;aomufaysmuf\ .../ (pm? 120)
31/ vQmema&m*gaysmufaq; ...

(1) vQmay:wGif tjzLa&mif t&dt&GJrsm; zkH;tkyfvQuf cHwGif;ysufcJhaomf c&rf;csOfoD;t&nfwGif
oaE¨mtenf;i,f xnfhaomufyg aysmufuif;\ .../
(2) uif;yHk½Gufukd 0g;NyD; axG;xkwfygvQif aysmufuif;\ .../
(3) vQmay:wGif temaygufcJhaomf o&ufacgufukdjyKwfNyD; yvkyfusif;ay;jcif;? ikHay;jcif;rsm;jyKvkyfvQif
32/ 0rf;csKyfa&m*gESifh qD;jzLoD; ...

qD;jzLoD;rsm;ukd a&wGif 12em&DcefY pdrfxm;NyD; a&ukdoGefypfyg/ xkdYaemuf a&oifh½kHxnfhí jyKwfyg/
xkdjyKwfxm;aom qD;jzLoD; tom;ukd oMum;oHk;qjzifh ,dkxkd;pm;aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 125)
33/ 0rf;a&m*gaysmufaq; ...

(1) qD;yi f(ZD;yif) \ jrpfacgufjyKwf&nfukd aomufvQif aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 121)
130
(2) r&yfrem;? 'va[m 0rf;avQmaeaoma&m*gjzpfvQif rIIefYn§ufaeatmif axmif;xm;aom qDjzLoD;ukd

csufwkdifywfvnfwGif v,fuefoif;uJhokdY tcGufvkyfí 0kdif;xm;yg/ 0kdif;xm;aomcGufxJokdY csif; (*sif;)
owåK&nf xnfhxm;vQif aysmufuif;\ .../
(3) t&dt&GJ? ovdyfp? aoG;prsm; a&mNyD;oGm;aom0rf;a&m*gjzpfvQif refusnf;oD;taph &ifh&ifhrsm;ukd
a&G;cs,fNyD;aemuf ¤if;tcGHukdtrIefYjyKvkyfum ¤if;trIefY 3usyfom;? ZD&m 6yJom;? oMum;cJ 6yJom;?
xkd(3)rsKd;ukdtrIefYjyKí wpfcgaomuf 4yJom; oHk;em&D wpfBudrfus aomufvQif aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm?
122)
(4) r&yfrem; 0rf;oGm;aeaomf o&uf½GufEkuav;rsm;ukd tajcmufvSef; trIefYjyKaomufvQif aysmufuif;\
.../
(5) yef;oD;tpdrf;ukd tcGHrcGmbJ pm;vQifaysmuf\ .../
(6) o&ufaphtwGif;u tqefukd jyKwfíaomfvnf;aumif;? tajcmufvSef; trIefYjyKíaomfvnf;aumif;
vufzuf&nfwpfZGef; wpfaeY oHk;BudrfrS av;Budrf aomufvQif aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 123)
(7) xrif;Murf;jzpfap xrif;yljzpfap vufoHk;qkyfukd rD;&J&JwGif uGrf; (odkY) iSufaysm½Gufjzifhxkwf? rD;zkwf/
xkdxrif;qkyfrD;zkwfukd a&oefYoefYwGif pdrfxm;um aomufygvQif aysmufuif;\/
(8) refusnf;aphtqefukd aoG;aomufvQifvnf; 0rf;oGm;jcif;ESifh0rf;ukdufjcif;rsm; aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm?
124)
34/ 0rf;rD;EkHYaysmufaq; ...

csif;ajcmufukd trIefYjyK xef;vsufjzifh oifhwifhatmifa&maESmNyD; aeYpOfpm;oHk;vQif 0rf;rD;aumif\.../(pm? 127)
35/ 0rf;ykyfcs 0rf;Ekwfaq; ...

(1) &Sm;apmif;vufyyf 15usyfom;
(2) refusnf;rSnfh (taphxkwfNyD;om;) 15usyfom;
(3) xef;vsuf 15usyo
f m;
a&mNyD; awpm;ygvQif 0rf;ykyfrsm;us\ .../ ( pm? 127)
36/ onf;ajcysufa&m*gaysmufaq; ...

(1) o&ufoD;trSnfh tom;ukdjym;NyD; aewGifvSef;um jyKvkyfxm;aom o&ufysOfukd pm;oHk;ygvsif
aysmufuif;\ .../
(2) qD;oD;taph twGif;&Sd tqefukd trIefYaxmif;pm;vQifaysmufuif;\ .../
(3) yJaemufESifh EG,fcsLdwkdYukd a&mjyKwfvQif aomufvQif aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 130)
37/ 0rf;trnf;oGm;aysmufaq; ...

tpmtdrfrSaoG;wpdrfhpdrf,dkNyD; 0rf;trnf;rsm;oGm;cJhaomf o&ufacgufukd a&aEG;wGifpdrfíaomufay;oifhonf/
awmf½kHaoG;,dkjcif;rsKd;jzpfygvQif aysmufuif;Ekdif\/ (pm?127)
38/ oHpl;emaysmufaq; ...

(1) oHyk&m½Guf owåK&nfukd oHpl;onfhtemxJokdY n§pfxnfhay;vQif oHqdyfrwufbJ aysmuf\/
(2) wpfenf; qm;ESifh csif;ukdBudwfí tkHay;aomf oHtqdyf&SdorQ csif;xJokdYpdrfh0ifus qif;NyD;vmygvdrfhrnf/
wpfaeYESpfBudrf csif;ukdvJNyD; tHkay;yg aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 132)
131
39/ om;jrwfukdufaysmufaq; ...

EkdYacsmif;ydwfíjzpfap tjcm;taMumif;aMumifhjzpfap raeEkdifatmif ukdufcJaomf eEGif;ukd aomufay;vQif
40/ om;tdrfacgif;uRHaysmufaq; ...

om;tdrfacgif;uRHNyD; a,medtjyifokdY xGufaeaomf o&ufacgufukd jyKwfNyD; zef&nfaq;ay;jcif;?
aq;pdrfay;jcif; (o&ufacgufjyKwf&nfpdrfjcif;) rsm;jyKvkyfay;vQifaysmuf\ .../ (pm? 137)
41/ rD;,yfaoG;qHk;aysmufaq; ...

1/ Muufcwf0g;tjrpf ... 1ydom
2/ prkefrskdK;ig;yg; ... wpfzwfpdDxnfh
3/ a& ... 3ydomESihf a&musKd .../
a& 1ydom usefvQif ykvif;xJ xnfhxm;?? ysm;&nfESifh aumif;½kHpyfí aomufygvQif aoG;qkH;rD;,yfaumif;\
.../ (pm? 138)
42/ aoG;avn§daq; ...

jrefrmqm;cg;? &Sdef;ckd? rkwfcg; oHk;rsKd;ukd nDwlrQí pm;/ anmif;nmuif;pif? av0rf;&TifrSef? aeYpOfyGm;onf/
ÓmPfjzifh,SOf pm;oHk;oifh\ .../ (pm? 139)
43/ om;tdrfuifqmaysmufaq; ...

1/ uifyGef½Guf ... 5usyfom;
2/oMum; ... 15usyo f m;
3/ Z0ufom ... 5rl;om; (8yJom;)
4/ odaE¨m ... 1usyof m;
¤if;wkdYukd a&maESmNyD; tqDusatmif BudKyg/ xkdYaemuf aumfzDZGef;av;jzifh eHeuf? n aomufay;vQif
44/ om;zGm;vG,faq; ...

oabFmoD;tpdrf;ukd rMumrMumpm;xm;jcif;tm;jzifh wu,fom;zGm;aomtcg arG;zGm;&vG,ful\ .../ (pm?
140)
45/ tpmtdrfuifqmESifh aq;tkd;ykwfyif ...

(1) aq;tdk;ykwfyif aoG;vdrf; aoG;aomufay;vQif aysmuf\.../
(2) wpfenf; aq;tkd;ykwfyif aoG;xm;aomt&nfESifh jrif;cGm½GufowåK&nf a&míaomufygvQif
46/ tqpftjrpfa&mifaysmufaq; ...

csif;ajcmufESifh qifwkH;rEG,fukd a&mí a&jzifh av;cGufwpfcGufwif uskKdí aomufay;vQif aysmufuif;\ .../
(pm? 147)
132
47/ tqpftjrpfukdufa&m*gaysmufaq; ...

(1) csif;pdrf;owåK&nf 25usyfom;ESifh ESrf;qD 12usyfcGJom; (t0ufom;) wkdYukd a&mpyfíusKd? t&nfukefí
tqD oufoufusefygvQif rD;zkday:rScs? a&mifaom ukdufaomae&m vdrf;ay;ygu aysmufuif;\ .../
(2) wpfenf; cHwuf½GufukdBudwf a&ESifhazsmf usKdcsuf/ xkdt&nfjzifh ukdufcJemusif&mü vdrf;aysmufuif;\ .../
(pm? 148)
48/ tazmta&mifa&m*gESifh plvmezm ...

(1) pllvmezm½GufowåK&nfukd aomufvQifaysmuf\ .../
(2) wpfenf; ueazmh½GufjyKwfNyD; a&csKd;ay;/ ueazmh½Gufokyfpm; aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 148)
49/ tom;0ga&m*gaysmufaq; ....

(1) wpfukd,fvHk;0gí tpmpm;r0ifygvQif jrif;cGm½GufowåK&nfukd EGm;EdkYppfppfESifh a&maomuf ay;vQif
aysmufuif;\ .../
(2) okdYr[kwf c0JoD;ajcmufukdtrIefYaxmif;í ½SLay;vQif aysmufuif;\.../
(3) okdYr[kwf csif;pdrf; 3usyfom;? Bwdzv 3usyfom; a&míBudwfe,fNyD;pm; vQifaysmufuif;\.../
(Bwdzv = opfpdrfhoD;? MupkoD;? qD;jzLoD;) .../
50/ tlusa&m*gaysmufaq; ....
(1) MuufoGefeD wpfOukd yg;yg;vSD;NyD;? oMum;wpfZGe;f jzifh a&toifhtwifhxnfhNyD; pdrfxm;yg/ wpfnpdrfNyD;rS
aomufvQif aysmufuif;\ .../
(2) EGm;EkdYukd usKdcsufí u&ifqkd'gESifh aomufvQifaysmufuif;\.../(pm? 157)
51/ &om,etouf&Snfaq;ESifho&ufoD;pdrf;tcGH ...

(1) o&ufoD;pdrf;tcGHukd tajcmufvSef;trIefYjyKNyD; ysm;&nfESifh rSefrSefoHk;aqmifygvQif touf&Snf
tm;aq;wpfyg;jzpf\ .../ (pm? 154)
(2) EGm;EkdY 1usyfcGJom;? a& 6usyfom;? jrif;cGm½GufowåK&nf oifhovkdxnfhcsuf/ a&cef;NyD; EGm;EkdYusefrS ppf,l
oMum;ESifh a&maomuf/ taumif;qkH; touf&Snfaq; jzpf\ .../ (pm? 155)
(3) BudwfrSef½Guf 1ydomukd qm;ESifha&m nufatmifBudwfNyD; ysm;&nfESifh pdrfí eHeuf n aeYpOfrSD0JvQif
jzLaomqHyifjyefNyD; touf&Snfum temuif;aom &om,ejzpfonf .../ (pm? 155)
52/ tonf;BuD;a&m*gESifh oabFmoD; ...

(1) oabFmoD;tpdrf;ukd qm;&nfpdrfí tajcmufvSef;/ ,if;ukdpm;vQifaysmuf\ .../
(2) wpfenf; oabFmoD;trSnfhukd tajcmufvSef; ajcmufu qm;jzifha&mpm; aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 157)
53/ tjrHKaysmufaq;ESifh rkefnif;aph ...

rkefnif;aphukd nufnufBudwfí *Grf;vdyfi,fwGif pkdpGwfatmif okwfvdrf;NyD;vQif OwkvmNyD;csdefrSpí
xkd*Grf;awmifhukd a,medtwGif;ü oHk;&ufjynfhatmifxnfhxm;/ om;orD;rsm;&vmygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 159)
54/ tom;yufaysmufaq; ...

vdar®mfcGHukdrD;uifNyD; t&nfn§pf vdrf;ay;vQifaysmufuif; .../ (pm? 159)
133
55/ OD;aESmufemusifukdufcJa&m*gESifh csif;ajcmuf ...

csif;ajcmufukd qdwfEkdYESifh aoG;NyD;&SL aysmufuif;\ .../ ( pm? 164)
56/ OD;aESmuftm;enf;a&m*gESifh yef;oD;,kkd ...

OD;aESmufESifh ESvHk;tm;enf;aomf yef;oD;trSnfhukd ,kdxkd;pm;vQif OD;aESmuftm;aumif;NyD; ESvHk;
tm;&SdvmEkdifonf .../ (pm? 164)
57/ tarma&m*gaysmufaq; ...

jrif;cGm½GufESifh ydwfcsif;oD;ukd tnDtrQBudwfí aeYpOf? eHeuf? nae 2Budrf wpfcgaomuf 4yJom;rQ
aomufay;ygvQif oufvHkaumif;í tarma&m*gaysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 161)
o Q o Q o
134
(20) trsKd;orD;a&m*godaumif;p&mESifhumuG,fukoenf;rsm;
q&mjrifh (pMumrif;)
yxrtBudrf? 2005? azaz:0g&Dv/ wefzkd; 900usyf/ &efatmifpmay .../
1/ rD;,yfa&m*gtrsKd;rsKd;ESifh aoG;qHk;a&m*gtwGuf....
aq;0g;awGeJY umuG,fcsifw,fqkd&if rD;,yfa&m*g trsKd;rsKd; twGufyJjzpfjzpf aoG;qHk;a&m*g jzpfrSm
pkd;vdkdYyJjzpfjzpf azmfpyf pm;oifhwJh aq;uawmh
rD;,yfaoG;oefYcsufaq;BuD; ...
(1) &Sm;apmif;vufyyftESpf ... 25usyfom;
(2) refusnf;rSnfhtESpf ... 25usyfom;
(3) prkefrsKd;ig;yg; ... 3usyfom;
(4) av;nif; ... 1usyo f m;
(5) ZmoD; ... 1usyo f m;
(6) xef;vsuf ... 30usyo f m;
pwJh aq;ypönf;awGukd ajrtkd;eJY usKdcsufyg/ vufaumfpm;vkdY&&if rD;ay:rScs? tat;cH? avvHkzefbl;ESifhxnfh/
ntdyf&m0if waeY wpfBudrf [if;pm;ZGef;wpfZGef; pm;NyD; a&at;aomufay;&if rD;,yfa&m*gtrsKd;rsKd;eJY
aoG;qHk;a&m*gukd BudKwifumuG,f wm;qD;EkdifwJh aq;BuD;jzpfygw,f .../ (pm? 115)
2/ om;tdrfusaysmufaq; ...
1. vufcsm;rD;azguf ... 1usyfom;
2. ausmufcsOfrD;azguf ... 5usyfom;
vufcsm; 1usyfom;? ausmufcsOf 5usyfom;ukd pwD;yef;uefjym;rSm xnfhNyD; rD;zdkay:wif tylay;yg/ ylvm&if
qlxvmNyD; jzLazG;vmygvdrfhr,f/ tukefvkH; aysmfoGm;&if rD;zkday:rScsyg/ at;&if tomav;cGm,lNyD; trIefYjyK
ydwfpdrf;yg;eJYcsNyD; avvHkzefykvif;xJ xnfhxm;yg/ 'Daq;rIefY[m om;tdrfusjcif;? rD;,yfjzLqif;jcif;? ,m;,Hjcif;?
om;tdrfroefY&Sif;jcif;? ykd;0ifjcif; pwJha&m*gawG aysmufuif;atmif toHk;jyKEkdifygw,f .../
toHk;jyKykHuawmh aq;ESpfa&G;om;avmufukd a&oefYoefY tenf;i,feJY yspfyspfazsmfNyD; om;tdrfacgif;
a&mufatmif xnfhay;ygu wpfywftwGif; oufomapygw,f .../ (pm? 141)
3/ wif;wdyf? 0ufjcH? rSJYajcmufESifh tom;vSoeyfcg; ...

(1) oeyfcg;ppfppftrIefY (okdY) aoG;NyD;om; ... 10usyfom;
(2) refusnf;acguftrIefY (okdY) aoG;NyD;om; ... 3usyfom;
(3) ausmufaq;'ef;trIeYf ... 1usyo f m;
(4) eHYomjzLtrIefY (okdY) aoG;NyD;om; ... 1usyfom;
(5) oHy&k m&nf ... oifpY mG
wpfrS av;txd pkaqmif;NyD; oHyk&m&nfESifh e,fyg/ awyg/ tm;vHk;oroGm;vQif twHk;tcJjyKvkyfí
aevSef;yg/ wif;wdyf? 0ufjcH? rSJYajcmufESifh aeavmif'Pfrsm;? rD;,yfuGufrsm;udk aoG;vdrf;ygu oufomaysmufuif;NyD;
tom;ta& Ekacsmí Munfvifvmygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 175)
135
4/ tysKdttkd tvScsufaq; ...

rD;,yfa&m*g&Sdolrsm; Akdufacgufxlí AkdkufBuD;ylaeolrsm; atmufyg tysKdttkd tvScsufaq;ukd oHk;pGJvQif ykdí
aumif;rGefygonf .../
(1) &Sm;apmif;vufyyftESpf ... 25 usyfom;
(2) xef;vsuf ... 50 usyo f m;
(3) ZmoD; ... 1 usyo f m;
(4) av;nif; ... 1 usyo f m;
(5) bkr&® mZm ... 1 usyo f m;
(6) prkerf sK;d ig;yg; ... 3 usyo f m;
(7) refusn;f ESpf ... 10 usyo f m;
rwl; rjcpfatmif csufyg/ vufaumf&vQif csyg/ ntdyf&m0if aumfzDZGef;wpfZGef; rSD0Jí a&at;
t0aomufay;vQif trsKd;orD;a&m*gtrsdK;rsKd;rS uif;a0;NyD; tom;ta& EkysKdacsmarGU Munfvifpkdjynf vmapygonf .../
(pm? 175)
o Q o Q o
136
(21) rpm;wwfvQifab;jzpfonfESifhtrsKd;orD;rsm;vufpGJ
aroBuFef (ynma&;)
yxrtBudrf? 2003? Edk0ifbmv/ wefzkd; 120usyf/ 0g0gpmay .../
1/ tpmvnf;aq;? aq;vnf;tpm a&m*geJYaq;? wnfhatmifay; ...
(1) vefYwwfolukd ZD;,kkdauR; ...
(2) qD;atmifholukd jrif;cGm½Guf[if;cg;wkduf ...
(3) &ifbufatmifholukd a&SmufoD;okwfauR; ...
(4) tanmif;vGefolukd oHyk&moD;rD;zkwfauR; ...
(5) tdyfraysmfolukd r,fZvDzl; rD;zkwfauR;? i½kwfESifh MuufoGefjzL + eDauR; ...
(6) acsmif;qkd;vGef;vQif &J,kdoD;rSnfhESifh ysm;&nfa&mauW; ...
(7) 'lvmvdyfacgif;jzpfvQif ouf&if;BuD;jrpfESifh oHyk&m7nf a&mwkduf ...
(8) n§if;aygufaomf rkwfcg;vdrf; ....
(9) &ifwkefí armvQif a&Smuf&nfESifh xef;vsuf a&mwkduf ...
(10) acsmif;ajcmufqdk;vQif EG,fcsK?d oHyk&mjrpf? qm; qwlaxmif;í auR; ...
(11) yef;emxvQif rqvmESifh ysm;&nfqwla&mwkduf .../ (pm? 40)
o Q o Q o
137
138
(22) aq;ukd&Sm tpmrSmawGU

0PÖrmvm B.A (History)
yxrtBudrf? 2005? atmufwkdbmv/ wefzkd; 500usyf/ ynmtdrfpmay .../
1/ jrif;cGm½Guf ...
jrif;cGm½Gufukd ta&SUwkdif;omru wpfurÇmvHk;touf&Snfaq;tjzpfokH;pGJvmMuygw,f/ xkdYjyift[m&
tjzpfvnf;oHk;pGJ vmMuygw,f/ xkdYjyif aq;NrD;wkdtjzpfvnf;oHk;pGJvmMuygw,f/ tusKd;tmedoifrSm tpmaMuonf/
tm;opfukd jzpfaponf/ EIwfNrdefaponf/ toHaumif;aponf .../
aoG;aMumifhjzpfaoma&m*g? tqkwf>yefa&mifa&m*g? tzsm;a&m*g? onf;ajcysufa&m*g? tzsOf;BuD;a&m*g?
a&iwfa&m*g? yef;ema&m*g? qHyifjzL qHyifuRwfa&m*g? rsufpdem rsufpdrIefa&m*g? rD;,yfaoG;oGefa&m*g?
av0rf;csKyfa&m*g? tdyfraysmfa&m*g? avusyf avcsKyfa&m*g? o7uf½Gufa&mifa&m*g tom;0ga&m*g? tom;ta&npf
aoG;roefY? jynfrxGuf? tm½kHaMuma&m*g? 7ihfa&mfjcif;a&m*g? tarmvGefa&m*g ponfrsm; oufom aysmufuif;
2/ uefpGef;½kd;eD ...
uefpGef;½kd;eDukdvnf; tm[m&tjzpfvnf;aumif; usef;rma&;aq;zuf0if [if;wpfr,ftjzpfvnf;aumif;
oHk;pGJMuygw,f/
tusKd;tmedoifrSm aoG;uif;? avuif;a&m*g tykyftuif;ESifh tzsm;uif;a&m*g refusnf;rSnfhESifh csufí
pdwfa&m*gjzpfoltwGuf aq;tjzpfvnf;aumif; onf;ajcESifh,SOfaom a&m*gtemrsm;ukdvnf; aumif;Ekdifojzifh
aq;zuf0if [if;pm;yif wpfrsKd;jzpfygonf/
,if;wGif ADwmrifat? ADwmrifbD1? ADwmrifbD2? ADwmrifpD? oH"mwf? xHk;"mwf? y½kdwif;"mwf?
umbdk[kduf'½kdwf? Ekdif,mpif? u,fvkd&D (upD) tp&Sdonfh tm[m&"mwf awmfawmfrsm;rsm;yg0ifw,f .../ (pm? 80)
3/ aeYpOfxrif;yGJrSm pm;oifhaom[if;tr,f ...

aeYpOfxrif;yGJrSm jrif;cGm½GufeJY uefpGef;½kd;eDukd [if;tr,ftjzpf pm;oHk;oifhygw,f/ wpfywfvQif 3 4 BudrfcefY
xnfhpm;oifhygw,f .../ (pm? 80)
o Q o Q o
139
140
(23) qD;csKdqkdaomxkda&m*g
rauG;0if;jrifh
'kwd,tBudrf? 2002? wefzkd; 500usyf/ qkjrwfpmay.../
1/ qD;csKda&m*gESifh oajyacguf ...

oajyacgufukd oHk;cGufwpfcGufwif usKdaomuf qD;csKdqkdawmha&iwfw,f a&iwfwkdif; tJ'gukdaomufwmyJwJh
oajy[mzefwJh t&om&Sdawmh omrnqD;csKdukdaysmufygw,f 0rf;rD;vGefwJh qD;csKdayghAsm 'gayr,fh qD;csKdomru
aoG;wkd;eJU avief;a&m*g&Sdolukdawmh oajyacgufeJY rwnfhbl;As .../ (pm? 95)
o Q o Q o
(24) aoG;wkd;? avjzwf? OD;aESmufaMumjywf&jcif;taMumif;&if;

rauG;0if;jrifh
wwd,tBudrf? 2004 atmufwkdbmv/ wefzkd; 500usyf/ qkjrwfpmay .../
1/ 0aomol aoG;wdk;twGuf ...

0aomol aoG;wkd;aepOf 0rf;ouf avoufap&ef t"duxm;NyD; uk&ygonf/ aq;pm;zkdYuawmh eEGif;rIefY
ESifhysm;&nf awNyD; wpfaeY (2)Budrf uGrf;oD;wpfjcrf;cefY pm;yg/ 'efYovGef½Guf[if;csKdaomufyg .../ (pm? 27)
2/ ydefaomol aoG;wkd; twGuf ...

oHyk&m&nfaomufyg/ a&aEG;ESifh aomuf&efjzpfygonf .../ (pm? 28)
3/ aoG;wkd;ESifh eEGif;cg; wnfhol^rwnfhol ...

eEGif;cg;[m 0NyD;aoG;wkd;jzpfoleJYom wnfhwm? ydefNyD;aoG;wkd;jzpfolukdawmh eEGif;cg;aq; ray;&ygbl; .../ (pm?
34)
4/ aoG;wkd;ESifhoHyk&maph ...
oHyk&maphukd 0g;pm;vQif cg;oufouft&om? zefcsOt f &om? yl&Sdef;&Sdef; pyf&Sm;&Sm;t&om awGU&\/
oHyk&maphukd 3? 4 aph 0g;pm;vQif csufcsif;aoG;us\ .../ (pm? 48)
5/ tzsm;av;rskKd; (a&cJtkyfoifh? rtkyfoifh) ...

zsm;wmu (4)rsKd; &Sdw,f/ aoG;zsm;? avzsm;? onf;ajczsm;? ovdyfzsm;/ onf;ajczsm;qkd&if a&cJtkyf/
thHMoavmufatmif aysmufw,f/ tJ ovdyfzsm; oGm;tkyfrd&ifawmh usyfqkdYNyD; aoNyDomrSwf .../ (pm? 43)
6/ aoG;wkd;aysmufaq; ...
qifwHk;rEG,f? tkef;ESJjrpf? ikESpf (ikoD;xJJu tESpf) qwla&marT/ Oyrm qifwHk;rEG,f 1usyfom;? tkef;ESJjrpf
1usyfom;? ikESpf 1usyfom;? pkpkaygif; 3usyfom;qdk&if eEGif;rIefYppfppfu oHk;q 9usyfom;a7m .../
tJ'gukd ysm;&nfESifh aw? ntdyf&m0if vufzufpm;ZGef; wpfZGef; rSefrSefaomuf&if aoG;wkd;a&m*gqkdwm
&Sif;&Sif;aysmufw,f/ a&csKd;&rSm aMumufolawG csKd;csifpdwf ay:vmr,f/ ZufaMumwufwmavmufawmh taysmhaygh .../
aq;aumif;vGef;awmh a&m*gBuD;avav aq;pGrf;xufavav .../ (pm? 45)
141
7/ aoG;wkd;ESifh rSefuefaom owd&SdrI ...

rSefuefaom owd&SdrItwGuf touf&SLrI (tmemygeowd) ukd vlBudKuftrsm;qkHk; jzpf\/ touf½SLjcif;onf
aoG;pifMu,frIukd wkduf½dkuftusKd;jyK\/ touf½SLjcif;onf ESvHk;wm0efESifh oufqkdif\/ ESvHk;wm0efausyGefaomtcg
aoG;tm; wkd;wufaumif;rGef\/ þenf;jzifh wkd;wufaomusef;rmrIukd rvGJwrf;&Ekdif\/
xkdYaMumifh touf½SLjcif;ukdodrI ]]owd}} onf touf½SLjcif;ESifh ywfoufaom csKdU,Gif;csufrsm;ukd
jyifay;Ekdif\/ touf½SLjcif; wkd;wufaumif;rGefvmaomtcg ykdíaumif;rGefaom aexkdifrIukd &&Sdavonf .../ (pm? 52)
8/ aoG;wkd;? avief;eJY vHk;0rwnfh ...

oHyk&m&nfonf tcdk;yGifhaponfrSm rSefygonf/ oufomoa,mifjy\/ NyD;awmhrS'ku©ay;onf/ oHyk&m&nf
onf tat;"mwfjzpfygonf/ at;ízGJUpnf;jcif;aMumifh avief;jzpfol at;aom oHyk&m&nfESifh vHk;0rwnfhyg .../ (pm?
79)
0aomyk*¾Kdvf aoG;wkd;a&m*g&SdvQif oHyk&m&nfukd aomufMujyefonf/ roifhyg/ 0aomaoG;wkd;jzpfaeolukd
oHyk&m&nfwkdufjcif;onf ao&GmokdY jrefjrefykdYjcif;ESifh wlygonf/ oHyk&monf 0aomaoG;wkd;a&m*g&Sifrsm;ESifh
avief;a&m*g&Sifrsm;\ rdwfaqGr[kwfyg .../
rdwfaqGa,mifaqmifaom &efoljzpfygonf .../ (pm? 80)
ydefaomolaoG;wkd;jzpfvQifvnf; at;aomoHyk&m&nf raomuf&yg/ oHyk&m&nfukd a&aEG;ESifh aomuf&rnf
jzpfygonf .../ (pm? 28)
o Q o Q o
142
(25) vlxJuaq;ynm
rauG;0if;jrifh
'kwd,tBudrf? 2001? 'DZifbmv/ wefzkd; 500usyf/ tm;rmefopfpmay .../
1/ pdwfaMumifh ...
a&aMumifh &THU EGHjzpf\ .../
xkd &THU EGHukd a&jzifhom aq;aMum&m\ ...
pdwfaMumifh a&m*g&\ .../
xkda&m*gukd pdwfjzifhomuko&m\ .../ ("r®y') (pm? 31)
2/ wif;wdyfaysmufaq; ...
(1) odaE¨mcJukdBudwfí pGJpGJNrJNrJ (ZGJ&Sd&Sd) vdrf; .../ (pm? 42)
(2) wpfenf; refusnf;trSJY a&eJYazsmf? ryspfrusJav; pGJpGJNrJNrJvdrf; .../ (pm? 45)
(3) wpfenf; qm;cg; (jrefrmqm;cg;) ukd a&eJYazsmf pGJpGJNrJNrJ vdrf;aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 47)
3/ vdifOa&mifaysmufaq; ...
wkdif;&if;aq;eHygwf (8) aoG;'lvmaq; (oHk;yHkcGJaq;) vufzufpm;ZGef;av;eJY wpfZGef; a&SmufoD;wpfjcrf;&JU
t&nfxJh tJ'gaomuf .../ (pm? 59)
4/ ysm;&nfppf^ rppfcGJjcm;enf; ...

(1) ysm;&nfxJodkY vufESpfNyD;aemuf a&aq;vdkufyg/ uyfap;raebJ ajymifacsmoGm;vQif ysm;&nfppf\/
(]]ysm;pm;vufaq;}} [kyif pum;yHk&Sdonf) .../
(2) a<uyef;uefwpfvHk;xJ a&xnfhNyD; ysm;&nfukd tpufcsMunfhyg/ ysm;&nfppfvQif yHkYykYHuav; &Sdaernf/
ysm;&nfrppfvQif a&ESifh a&maxG;oGm;rnf .../ (pm? 65)
5/ pwkr"l ...
]]pwk}} onfav; ]]r"l}} onf tcsKdtqdrfh (4)ckaygif;pyfxm;onfukd ]]pwkr"l}}[k ac:onf .../ tcsKdtqdrfh
(4)ckrSm ysm;&nf? axmywf? oum (wifvJ)? ESrf;qDwkdYjzpf\/xkdav;rsKd;ukd tcsKd;usaygif;pyfNyD; aejzifhcsuf okdYr[kwf
rD;at;at;jzifh csuf? ykvif;xJwGif vHkpGmxm;í oHk;aqmifyg .../ (pm? 66)
6/ xHkem? usifemESifh tqkwfemaysmufaq; ...

a&SmufoD;wpfvHk;ukd qefyHk;&nfESifh a&cef;jyKwf? tajcmufvSef; trIefYaxmif;? qm; 3usyfom;avSmf
trIefYaxmif;? ayG;ukdif;½Guf 5usyfom;ukd trIefYaxmif; .../
¤if;oHHk;rsKd;a&m? ntdyf&m0if refusnf;aph 2aphcefYpm;/ xHkemusOfemomru jrpfajcmufem (tqkwfem)
ygaysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 94)
7/ tom;0ga&m*g aysmufaq; ...

rufvifcsOf 10usyfom; a&xnfhum yGufyGufqlatmifjyKwf? xef;vsuf 10usyfom; a&xnfhum
tjcm;tkd;wpfvHk;ESifh yGwfyGwfqlatmifjyKwf ESpfrsKd;vHk;tat;cH csKdcsOfuav;pyfNyD; yxr a<uZGef;BuD; wpfZGef;cefY
wkduf&\/ 15rdepfMumawmh 2ZGef;? em&D0ufcefYMumawmh 4ZGef;? onfvkdESifh wpfpwpfp wkdufvm&m
aemufwpfaeYreufrSm a&m*g&Sif\ rsufESmMunfvifvmonf/ oHk;&ufcefY tMumrSm xlxlaxmifaxmifjzpfNyD;
7&ufajrmufaomf tom;0grSm ,lypfvdkufovkdaysmufuif;oGm;\ .../ (pm? 102)
143
8/ qD;yljcif;ESifh ausmufz½kH ...

ausmufz½kHoD;wpfvHk;ukd xdyf0"m;eJYjzwf? twGif;utpmawGxkwfypf? NyD;awmhtJ'DtxJukd xef;&nftcsKdxnfh?
xef;&nfr&Ekdif&if xef;vsuf 4 5 6vHk;avmuf xkaxmif;NyD;xnfh/ NyD;awmh xdyf0ukd jyefydwfxm;vdkuf
(xef;&nfxnfhxm;&if) oHk;em&DavmufMumawmh a&qm&if a&aomufovdkyJaomuf/ (xef;vsufxnfhxm;&if)
av;ig;em&DavmufMumawmh xef;vsufaum ausmufz½kHoD; twGif;om;yg ZGef;eJYaumfpm;/ w0wNyJBuD;
pm;p&mrvkdygbl; wef½kHoihf½kHaygh .../
wpfcsdKUvnf; tjrpfjywfatmif(3)vHk;avmuftxdukefatmif pm;Muw,f/ tJ'Denf;twkdif; vkyfvdkufawmh
tESpf (20)avmufpGJvmwJh qD;yla&m*g&Sif;&Sif;aysmufa&m .../ (pm? 133)
9/ qD;eD? qD;enf;? qD;yl? qD;aoG;ygaysmufaq; ...

i½kwfaumif; (7)aph xefvsufBuD;&if (2)vHk; ao;&if (3)vHk; a&vufzuf&nf tcsKdyef;uef (2)vHk;xnfhuskKd
tMurf;yef;uef wpf0ufomomukd vlemtm;wkduf/ cyfylylav;wkduf aysmufw,f .../ (pm? 156)
10/ tonfa&mif? tom;0gESifh ukef;xdu½kH; ...

ukefxdu½kef;vufwpfqkyfukd a&tcsKdyef;uefoHk;vHk;avmufwGif 2vHk;usefatmifusKd/ oMum;a<uZGef;BuD;eJY
2ZGef;wdwdxnfh 3em&DMum; wpfBudrfwkduf/ wpfBurd fwkdufa<uZGef;BuD;(3)ZGef; .../ (pm? 166)
11/ qHyifeufatmif? axmywfESifh qifwHk;rEG,f ...

qifwHk;rEG,f wpfayavmufukd tcGHrsm;tm; "m;jzifh jcpfjypfyg/ "m;jzifhyg;yg;av;vTm&m qifwHk;rEG,ftvTm
av;aygif; (120)ausmf&aomtcg yef;uefjym;wpfcsyfwGif xnfhí aeylvSef;/ naeapmif; aoGUajcmufoGm;awmh
oH',ftkd;xJ axmywfa<uZGef;BuD; wpfZGef;xnfhí qifwHk;rEG,ftjym;rsm;ukd aMumfygonf/ teDa&miforf;vmaomf
tat;cH ykvif;xJxnfh/
(1) wpfcgpm; 3 4ck &uf20ausmf pm;&rnf .../ (c&D;oGm;aq;orm;pmtkyfrS)
(2) eHeuf (3)jym;? n (3)jym; wpfaeY (2)Budrfpm; .../ (usef;usef;rmrmcsrf;csrf;omompmtkyfrS)
12/ qifwHk;rEG,fvQufqm;...
qifwHk;rEG,f wpfydom? a&SmufoD;aumif;aumif; tvHk;BuD; (3)vHk;yg;yg;vSD;xnfh/ qm;u tpdwfom;xnfh/
tJ'DoHk;rsKd;ukd qefaq;&nfeJY wpfnpdrfxm;/ aemufaeY a&cef;atmifjyKwf/ a&SmufoD;Ell;oGm;onftxd a&cef;&if
vifAef;xJ xnfhNyD;aevSef;/ ajcmufoGm;&iftrIefYBudwf/ avvHk ykvif;oefYoefYrSmxnfh/ vkdovkdoHk;ayawmh .../
aoG;wkd;? avatmifh? Akdufem ava&m*grSeforQ tukefaumif;w,f acsmif;qkd;&ifusyfwmvnf; &w,f/
vQufqm;vkd olcsnf;vQufvQuf ysm;&nfeJYa&mvQufvQuf tukefaumif;w,f tJ'DvQufqm;[m touf&Snfaq;yJ/
vkdovkdoHk;/ qifwkH;rEG,fqkdwm raoyif/ ysm;&nfuawmh b,fawmhrS rykyfwJht&nf .../ (pm? 175)
13/ r,SOfEkdifaom aq;wpfzHk ('[wfoukdkif;ESifh EG,fcsKd) ...

avmurSm b,folawGbmaq;azmfpm;pm;/ tJ'Daq;ukdawmh r,SOfEkdifbl;/ aq;enf;u ESpfrskKd;xJrkdY
txifao;rvm;bJ/ '[wfoudkif;u avaumif;w,f/ EG,fcsKdu tpmtdrfoefY&Sif;w,f/ vlawGrSm 'DESpfckjynhfpkH&if
usef;rmNyDaygh .../
aq;azmfyHku '[wfoukdif;eJY EG,fcsKd qwl trIefYBudwf&r,f/ tJ'gukd avvHkykvif;xJ xnfhxm;/ eHeuf
xrif;pm;NyD;wmeJY refusnf;aph wpfaphpm pm;? ntdyf&m0ifrSmvnf; 'DvkdyJ wpfBudrfpm; .../ (pm? 190)
o Q o Q o
144
(26) uRefawmfESifhaq;avmu? aq;avmuESifhuRefawmf ...

rauG;0if;jrifh
yxrtBudrf? 2004? Edk0ifbmv/ wefzkd; 1000usyf/ ynma&Tawmifpmtkyfwkduf .../
1/ avjzwfjcif;ab;uif;a0a&; ...
½kwfw&ufavjzwfcH&oltwGuf tjrefukoenf; ....

yxrta&;tBuD;qkH;tcsuf/
avjzwfcH&aom vlemukd jzpfonfhae&mwGifyif xm;&rnf/ rnfonfhae&mukdrQ a&TUajymif;jcif; rjyKygESifh/
csufcsif; a&TUajymif;vkdufygu vIyf&Sm;jcif;aMumifh OD;aESmufaoG;aMumrsm; vQifjrefpGm aygufuGJNyD; vlem\ tajctae
qkd;&Gm;oGm;vdrfhrnf jzpfonf .../
'kwd,ta&;tBuD;qkH;tcsuf/
vlemukdjzpfonfhae&müyif tomt,mxlray;NyD; jyefí vJusroGm;ap&ef tomrSdef;í xkdifap&rnf
vlemukd,fwkdif rxkdifEkdifygu wpfOD;OD;u tomarS;í xlrxm;&rnf/ xlrNyD;NyD;csif; ydk;owfxm;aom
aq;xkd;tyfjzpfap vufcsKyftyf xdyfzsm;ukd rD;&SdKUíjzpfap jyKvkyfxm;aomtyfjzifh vlem\ vufq,facsmif;xdyfzsm;ukd
(yJaphcefY) aoG;puf wpfpufpDxGufvmatmif azmufay;&rnf/ aoG;puf (yJaphcefY) xGufrxGufukd apmifhMunfhyg/
tu,fí aoG;rxGufcJhvQif aoG;xGufvmatmif vufjzifh n§pfxkwfay;&rnf/ vufacsmif;rsm;tm;vHk;
aoG;xGufNyD;aemuf rdepfykdif;twGif; vlem jyefvnf owd&vmvdrhfrnf .../
wwd,ta&;BuD;qHk;tcsuf/
vlemukdavjzwfvQifjzwfcsif; yg;pyf&GJUapmif;oGm;ygu ¤ifem;½GufESpfzufvHk;ukd eD&Jvmonfhwkdifatmif
vufjzifhyGwfoufqGJay;yg/ em;½GufeD&JvmvQif em;½Gufatmufykdif; em;azmufonfhae&mwGif ykd;owfxm;aom
aq;xkd;tyf (okdY) rD;&SdKxm;onfh vufcsKyftyfjzifh em;½GufwpfzufpD azmufay;yg/ yJaphcefY aoG;pufESpfpufxGufvmjyD;
rdepfykdif;twGif; yg;pyf&GJUapmif;oGm;jcif;rS jyefvnfwnfhrwf aumif;rGefoGm;ygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 17)
pwkx¬ta&;tBuD;qHk;tcsuf/
vlemukdjyKpkukoNyD; ykHrSeftajctaea&mufatmif apmifhMunfhyg/ NyD;rSaq;½kHykdYjcif; vkdtyfonfh aq;ukorI
cH,l&ef qufvufaqmif½Gufyg .../
tuskdKaus;Zl; /
txufygtwkdif;aqmif½Gufygu taMumaojcif;? ukd,fwpfjcrf;aojcif;? ajcvufvIyf&Sm;ír&jcif;?
pum;ryDojcif;ponfh vljzpf½SKH;7rnfh 'kud©wb0rS uif;a0;aprnf jzpfygonf/
Ekd;aqmfwdkufwGef; arwåmoGef; /
þenf;rSm vufawGUaysmufuif;apaom enf;jzpfí vltrsm; avjzwfjcif;'ku©rS uif;a0;Muap&ef
arwåmapwemjzLpifpGmjzifh ukokdvftrIIjyKvkdufygonf/ rdrw
d kdY\ rdwfaqGrsm;xHokdY wpfqifhjzeYfa0vª'gef;jcif;jzifh
ukodkvfxl;ukd &,lMuyg .../
þenf;twkdif; vlemukd jyKpkukoay;jcif;jzifh &mEIef;jynfhatmifjrifaom ukd,fawGUenf;jzpfaMumif;
tmrcHygonf (þukoenf;udk w½kwfjynfrS ay;ykdYcJhaom ukoenf;rS bmomjyefxm;jcif;jzpfygonf) .../
145
2/ BuKdUxkd;jcif;aysmufaq; ...
(1) Bwdzvaq;jym; = qD;jzLoD;u wpfusyfom;? zefcg;oD;u wpfusyfom;? opfqdrfhoD;u wpfusyfom;?
qm;rD;zkwfu wpfusyfcGJom;/ tJ'gukda&m? trIefYBudwf? aq;jym;vkyf/ wpfcgaomuf oHk;jym; a&aEG;eJYaomuf.../
(2) a<uZGef;xJ refusnf;rSnfhtESpf xnfh? a<uZGef;ukd rD;eJYtylay;? tjr§Kyfuav;awGxvm&if tat;cH?
cyfaEG;aEG;&Sd&if vlemukd vQmeJY vQufckdif; .../ (pm? 28)
3/ avjzwfjcif;ESifh a&Smufaygif;&nf ...

xef;vsuf 75usyfom;ukd a& iSufaysmzl;ykvif; (5)ykvif;xnfhNyD;usKd NyD;awmh tat;cH/ NyD;awmh
xef;&nftvsif wpfykvif;a&m tJ'gukd oHk;&ufavmufpdrfxm;/ oHk;&ufMumNyD;aemuf a&SmufoD;u (4)vHk;
a&Smuf½Gufu wpfjynf? ouf&if;BuD;jrpfu wpfq,fom; EkyfEkyfpOf;NyD; aygif;tkd;xJxnfh aygif;ayawmh/
t&ufaygif;ovdkd aygif;acR;ukd ,l&rSm/ aygif;acR; iSufaysmzl;ykvif;eJY ESpfykvif;cGJxdatmif xkwf,lvdkY&w,f .../ (pm?
40)
atmufygazmfjyygtaMumif;tcsufrsm;ukdawmhrl rauG;0if;jrifh\ a&Smufaygif;&nf aq;tñTef;pm½GufrS
ul;,lazmfjyygonf .../
a&Smufaygif;&nfESifh ywfoufí okawoe tBudrfBudrf tcgcgjyKvkyfcJhygonf/ avief; avjzwfcH&jcif;?
yg;&GJUoGm;jcif;? ajcvufxHkusOfjcif;? ajcvufajr§mufr&jcif;? tm½kHaMumtm;enf;jcif;rsm;ukd a&Smufaygif;&nf wpfaeY
(2)Mudrf eHeufpmrpm;rD [if;aomufZGef; (2)ZGef;? npmrpm;rD[if;aomufZGef; (2)ZGef; wkdufauR;ygu vsifjrefpGm
aysmufuif;onfukd avhvmawGU&Sd&ygonf /
avief; avjzwfcH&olrsm;ukd 0ufom;? bJom;? tke;f EkdY? tqDtap;rsm;vGef;aomtpm? EGm;EkdY? iSufaysm
at;zGJUaomtcsKd&nfrsm; rwkdufauR;ygu ykdrkdvsifjrefpGm aysmufuif;ygonf/ þa7Smufaygif;&nfukd
ESvHk;aoG;aMumusOf;ol? qD;csKda&m*g&Sdol? rD;,yfcsrf; rD;,yfikyfolrsm; aoG;xJwGif tqD"mwfrsm;olrsm;
aomufoHk;yguvnf; a&m*ga0'emrsm;aysmufuif;ygaMumif; ..../
ukd,fvufxHkusOfukdufcJygu ,if;ae&mrsm;ukd vdrf;ay;Ekdifygonf/ t&m0w¬Kypönf;rsm; jrJjrHpmG
rudkifwG,fEkdifygu vufarmif;ESifh vufacsmif;rsm;ukd wpfaeYoHk;Budrf qkyfe,f vdrf;ay;yg .../
(aq;tñTef;pm½GufrS) .../
4/ wkwfauG;zsm;aysmufaq; ....
uGrf; (3)½Guf? csif;yg;yg;vSD; (7)vTm? xef;vsuf (1)vHk; a&mjyKwf/ tcsKdyef;uef wpfvHk;aomuf aysmuf\ .../
(pm? 43)
5/ 0rf;udkufa&m*gaysmufaq; ...
(1) qD;jzLoD; owåK&nf [if;pm;ZGef;wpfZGef;aomuf .../
(2) okdYr[kwf zefcg;oD; owåK&nf [if;pm;ZGef;wpfZGef;aomuf... (pm? 44)
6/ tqkwfa&m*gppfwrf; ...
1/ acsmif;w[Gwf[Gwf aeYpOfqdk;jcif; ...
2/ ukd,fylízsm;jcif; ...
3/ OD;acgif;ydkif;acR;xGufjcif; ...
4/ taMumwufjcif; &ifbufemjcif; ...
5/ ovdyf[yfvQifaoG;p aoG;ersm;ygvmjcif; ...
146
acsmif;qkd;aeYpOf? zsm;0ifaeYwkdif;
acgif;ykdif;acR;xGuf? aMumwuf
&ifem? aoG;ygvmvQif
þajcmuftif jzpfpOftqkwfem .../ (pm? 53)
7/ tqkwfa&m*g (jrpfajcmufem) aysmufaq; ...

awmifrJtkyf (vufyHcg;)
awmifr½kd;? oifykef;yif? aq;cg; (jrefrmhaq;0g;yifrsm;pmtkyfrS ...)
pkdif;vdkif;yif (&ckdiftac:)
vufyHcg;ESifh awmifr½kd;rwl
tuskKd;oGm; tmedoifawmhwlonf (odrfjzLq&mawmf) .../
(1) awmifr½kd;acguf (30)om;ukd a& iSufaysmzl;ykvif; (3)ykvif;xnfhí (1)ykvif;omomusefonftxd
jyKwfyg/ jyKwf&nfukd a&ppfESifhppf,lí ykvif;xJavvHkatmifydwfxm;vdkufyg/ ysm;&nfuvufzufpm;wpfZGef;
awmifr½kd;acgufjyKwf&nfu vufzufpm;ZGef; (2)ZGef; a&oefYoefYu xrif;pm;ZGef; (3)ZGef; cefYa&mí eHeuf? aeYvnf?
n wpfaeYoHk;Budrfaomuf .../ (pm? 56)
(2) wpfenf; awmifr½kd;acgufukd trIefYvkyfyg/ ysm;&nfppfppfESifh qD;uif;cefY tvHk;uav;rsm;jyKvkyfyg eHeuf?
n xrif;pm;NyD; (5)vHk;pD pm;oHk;ay;ygu tqkwfoefYNyD; acsmif;qkd;aoG;yg tqkwfa&m*gab;rS uif;a0;ygvdrfhrnf.../
(pm? 60)
8/ qD;usOf? qD; atmifhESifh ausmufysOf ...

yxr qD;ukd oGm;csifoavmuf oGm;vdkufygw,f/ qD;oGm;NyD;wmeJY wpfNydKifeuf tdyf&mxuf yufvufvSefNyD;
qD;cHkay: ausmufysOfuav;wifNyD; tEdSyfonfrsm; aygifjcHrSm tylxkwfovkd qD;cHkay:rSm tylxkwfvdkufwJhtcg
cPavmufeJY vufawGUaysmufygw,f/ qD;oGm;&wm tm;r&bJ qD;wpfpuf wpfpuf usolrsm;ukdyif vkyfcdkif;&m
vufawGU aysmufuif;Muygw,f .../ (pm? 63)
9/ teEÅokccsufaq;ESifh &Sm;apmif;vufyyf ...

1/&Sm;apmif;vufyyf ... 50usyfom;
2/xefvsuf ... 60usyof m;
3/MuufoGefeD ... 20usyfom;
4/zvl;rawmifa0S; ... 5usyfom;
5/refusnf;rSnfh (tESpf) ... 5usyfom;
txufyg ig;rsKd;ukd usKdcsuf/ vufaumfí &vQifcs/ robm0tvSrsm;ESifh cGeftm;wkd;apí av;bufem
aysmufuif;aMumif;/ aq;tñTef;ukd rauG;0if;jrifh\ teEÅokccsufaq;wGif Munfhyg .../ (pm? 109)
10/ rkwfcg;xkwfvkyfenf;ESifh &Sm;apmif;vufyyf ...

&Sm;apmif;vufyyftyifukd xufjcrf;cGJvkdufyg rkwfcg;"mwfrygwJh tv,fom;ukd jcpfxkwf,lxm;NyD;
(ab;tum) tcGHukd ao;EkyfoGm;atmif "m;eJYpOf;yg/ ae 2 7uf? 3 &ufavmufvSef;&if ajcmufoGm;ygw,f/ aemufNyD;
trIefYBudwfyg rkwfcg;uJhokdY teHYt&omwlwJh oefY&Sif;vwfqwfaom tpdrf;a&mifrkwfcg;ukd&&Sdygw,f .../
aq;tmedoifrSm tap;rkwfcg;eD;eD; tpGrf;xufwm awGU7ygw,f/ jyifyrS0,f,lwJhrkwfcg;awGvkd ]]ppf&JUvm;}}
qkdwm ylyefp&mrvkdawmhbJ ukd,fwkdifxkwfvkyfwJhtwGuf pdwfcspGmoHk;pGJEkdifwJh acwfopfrkwfcg;yJjzpfygawmhw,f .../
(pm? 113)
o Q o Q o
147
148
(27) usef;usef;rmrm csrf;csrf;omom

rauG;0if;jrifh
'kwd,tBudrf? 2004? Mo*kwfv/ wefzkd; 400usyf/ qkjrwfpmay .../
1/ "mwfav;yg;n§daq; (qD;? 0rf;? aoG;? av) ...

1/ OESJ (tkef;ESJ) ... 5usyfom;
2/ ikacguf ... 5usyo f m;
3/ qifwHk;rEG,f ... 5usyfom;
txufyg (3)rsKd;ukd trIefYjyKyg/ ysm;&nfESifhawí a&G;BuD;cefYtvHk;vkyfyg/ avvHkzefykvif;wGif xnfhyg/ eHeuf
xrif;pm;NyD; (3)vHk; n xrif;pm;NyD; (3)vHk;pm;yg/ avjzwf? avief; txl;umuG,fygonf/ pjrif;cHí anmif;nm
awmifhwif;jcif;? azma&mifjcif;? cRJusyfjcif;? arm[dkufjcif;wkdYukd aysmufuif;apygonf/ touf&Snf usef;rmapaom
aq;aumif;wpfvuf jzpfygonf .../ (pm? 40)
2/ "mwfAl;ESifh qefjyKwf (*syefenf;ynm)

n (9)em&DcefYwGif a&aEG;"mwfAl;BuD;xJokdY qef [if;pm;ZGef;(3)ZGef;xnfh a&aEG;yGufyGufqlukd tcsKdyef;uef
(4)vHk;cefYxnfh? "mwfAl;tqkdYukd vHkatmifydwf? eHeufvif;aomf"mwfAl;xJrS qefwkdYonf tufuGJ El;eyfoGm;ygonf/
yef;uefxJ qm;xnfhaomuf½kHyif ..../
qefjyKwf (,m*k) tusKd;ig;yg;

(1) qmavmifjcif; aysmufap\ .../
(2) rGwfodyfjcif; aysmufap\ .../
(3) avukd atmufokdY oufomap\ .../
(4) qD;tdrfwGif;rS qD;a[mif;rsm;ukd okwfoif\ .../
(5) tpmukd aMunufap\ .../ (pm? 56)
3/ ausmufwnfa&m*gESifh ql;yef;yGifh ...

ql;yef;yGifh oHk;rwfom;ukd a&ESifhusKdí aomufyg .../ (pm? 68)
4/ rsufpdtjyifwdrfaysmufaq;
Muufarmufql;jyefukd csufxm;aomqm; refusnf;aphwpfjcrf;cefY vpfykdykvif;xJxnfh /a&oefYoefY
ykvif;wpf 0ufxnfh ykvif;ukdememvIyf rsufpOf;wpfaeYoHk;BudrfcefY aeYpOfrsufpOf;cwf7rnfh tjyif
uifyGef;½GufMurf;ukdjyKwfí xkdtaiGUukd rsufpdrIdif;cHay;&rnf/
twGif;pm;aq;u refusnf;rSnfh 10usyfom; xef;vsuf 5usyfom; qm;u uGrf;oD;cefY tJ'gukdnufatmif
axmif; ESrf;qDav;enf;enf;xnfhvHk; ntdyf&m0if uGrf;oD;cefYa&at;eJYpm;ckdif;ygw,f.../
'gawmif rsufvHk;urMunfao;vdkY uGrf;½GufrsufpOf;cwfay;ygao;w,f/ tJ'Daemuf rsufvHk;ESpfvHk;pvHk;
MunfvifoGm;ygawmhw,f .../
Muufarmufql;jyefqm;csufenf;rSm oDwif;uRwf wefaqmifrkef;vwGif Muufarmufql;jyefyifrsm;ukd
Ekwf,lNyD; ae&dyfrSm ajcmufaoGUatmifxm;&ygonf ajcmufaoGUoGm;aomtcg rD;½SKdUjymcsyg/ xkdjymukd a<u&nfokwfxm;
aomtkd; (okdYr[kwf) pOfYtkd;xJwGif jym&nfjrKyfatmif a&avmif;xnfhyg/ tenf;qHk; 3? 4n xm;yg .../
xkdaemuf tay:&nfMunfukdppf,lí oH',ftkd; (oYkdr[kwf) a<u&nfokwfZvHkESifh xnfhyg/ rD;zkday:wifí
usKdcsufyg/ a&cef;oGm;atmif arTí usKdcsufyg/ a&cef;oGm;aomf toHjrnfvmygvdrfhrnf/ jrnfoHaysmuf
149
NyD;tckd;rsm;xGufvmrS rD;zkday:rScsyg tat;cHyg/ at;oGm;aomtcg oH',ftkd;(okdYr[kwf) ZvHkwGifuyfaeaom qm;rsm;

ukd0g;tcRefuav;jzifh cGm,lyg/ oHqHkwGifxnfhí rIefYaeatmifaxmif;yg xkdqm;ukdavvHkykvif;xJrSmxm;ygav.../
xkdqm;ukd t&yfom;rsm; roHk;oifhyg tb,faMumifhqkdaomf xufjrufpl;&SvSaomaMumifhjzpfygonf/
t&yfom;rsm;u aq;qkdvQif rsm;rsm;aomuf jrefjrefaysmuf[k xifMuonf/ r[kwfyg / xufjrwfaomaq;ukdt&rf;
uma&m roHk;7yg .../ (pm? 77)
5/ xdcdkuf'Pf&m temrsm;ESifh csif; ...

(1) cvkwfwkdufvJwm ajconf; uRwfoGm;w,f/ tJ'g csif;ukdqm;enf;enf;eJYaxmif;NyD; ywfwD;pnf;ay;
vdkufwm (3)&ufeJY taumif;yuwd .../ (pm? 86)
(2) ausmufurf;yg; tpGef;eJY acgif;wkdufrdwm OD;a&vefoGm;w,f/ csif;eJY qm;a&maxmif;NyD;OD;a&vefoGm;wJh
tay:ukd ydwfpyg;yg;eJY ppfNyD;t&nfn§pfay;w,f vdrf;ay;w,f/ NyD;awmh vefoGm;wJhOD;a&ukdjyeftkyfay;vdkufw,f
(3)&ufeJY taumif;yuwdyJ/ qHyifawGvJruRwfbl; thHa&m .../ (pm? 87)
(3) ar;uGJoGm;wm tom;vefNyD; t½kd;awmifay:w,f/ 'Dtwkdif;vkyfwm aysmufw,f/ temr&if;bl;/
(4) ajcr acgufNyD; usKd;oGm;w,f/ tom;vnf; vefoGm;w,f/ csif;eJY qm; ywfw;D pnf;ay;vku d w
f ,f/
wpfywfavmufMumawmh taumif;yJ .../ (pm? 88)
6/ 'PfaMuvdrf;aq; ...
csif;wuf ta&miftaoG;aumif;aumif; 25usyfom; a&pifpifaq; yg;yg;vTmausmufi½kwfqkHESifhaxmif;
pOftkd;uav;xJokdY axmif;NyD;csif;rsm;xnfh xkdaemuf y½kwfjym;oHk;jym;acsíxnfh NyD;vQif t&ufOD;a& iSufaysmzl;
ykvif;jzifh wpfykvif;xnfh NyD;uoefYpifaom 0g;acsmif;uav;ESifh arTum tay:rSavvHkatmif t0wfpnf;xm;vdkuf
ygonf/
oHk;&ufavmufMumawmh zHk;tkyfxm;wJht0wfajzNyD;vkdoavmufukdykvif;xJxnfhoHk;ayawmh/ xdckduf'Pf&m
rSeforQ taMumwif taMumuyf? xHkemusOfem tukefaysmufw,f taumif;qHk; 'PfaMuvdrf;aq;ygyJ.../ (pm? 88)
7/ um;rl;aysmufaq; ...
um;pD;wJhtcg um;rl;wwfMuw,f/ ysKdUtefwwfMuw,f/ csif;ukdtajcmufvSef trIefYaxmif; ysm;&nfeJY
a&G;BuD;cefYvHk;xm;? um;xGufcgeD;wpfvHk;ikHxm;? csKdcsOfvkdaygh/ 'gqkdum;rrl;awmhbl;? rtefawmhbl; .../ (pm? 89)
8/ qD;cPcPoGm;jcif; ESifhqD;usefa&m*g...
i½kwfaumif;wpfusyfom; jrif;cGm½GuftajcmufoHk;usyfom; trIefYaxmif; ysm;&nfESifhawí qD;uif;cefY
tvHk;uav;rsm;jyKvkyfyg qD;cPcPoGm;aeol qD;usefa&m*gjzpfaeolwkdUtm; wpfaeY (3)vHk; wkdufauR;ygu aysmuf
uif;csrf;omapygonf .../ (pm? 90)
9/ qD;oGm;aoG;yg ...
tanmif;xkdifolrsm; a&at;tvGefcsKd;olrsm; tyltpyfpm;vGef;olrsm; qD;oGm;aomtcg aoG;ygwwfonf/
i½kwfaumif; (7)aph xef;vsuf(5)usyfom;wGif a&tcsKdyef;uefoHk;vHk;xnfhusKdyg qlyGwfaomtcg tat;cHNyD;
tcsKdyef;uefwpf0ufcefY aomufygu tylNidrf;NyD; qD;aoG;ygjcif; aysmufuif;ygonf.../(pm? 90)
10/ om;onfrdcifEkdYrxGufaomf ...

&Sm;apmif;vufyyfukd [if;cg;csufí i½kwfaumif;rIefYxnfhNyD;aomufygu om;onfrdcif EkdYxGufygonf.../
(pm? 90)
150
11/ qD;csKdESifh Bwdu#Kwf ...

Bwdu#Kwf (3)yg; wpfusyfom;pDxnfh? odaE¨mu wpfusyfom;? tJ'gtrIefYjyKNyD; a&Smuf&nfeJY wpfaeY
wpfaeYwpfcGufaomufwm qD;csKda&m*g oufomaMumif; .../ (pm? 93)
(Bwdu#Kwf = csif;? i½kwfaumif;? ydwfcsif;oD;) .../
12/ ausmufuyfa&m*gESifh zvl;rawmifa0S; ukd,fa7mifaysmufaq; ...
owdxm;&ygrnf/ a&csKd;rSm;í a&m*g7jcif;jzpfygonf/ rMumcP Mum;zl;Muygvdrfhrnf/ tonf;rSmtemayguf
vkdYwJ/ tpmtdrfrSm uifqmqkdyJ? qD;tdrfausmufwnfwmwJh ausmufuyfa&m*gwJh .../
vlUcE¨mukd,ftwGif;ü&Sdaom uvDpmrsm;tm; rnfolrQ tyfESifhxkd;jcif;rjyKMuyg/ bmjzpfvkdYtemjzpfMuwmwkef;
pOf;pm;p&mjzpfygonf/ yltkdufonf[k qkdum a&at;ukd rMumcPcsKd;aomaMumifh cE¨mukd,frSm tylckd;rsm;onf
tonf;? tpmtdrf? ausmufuyf? qD;tdrfrsm;okdY ½kdufcwfaomaMumifh jzpfygonf/ wpfcsKdU tylckd;rsm;qkdvQif t½kd;
tqpfrsm;txd pl;0ifoGm;ojzifh tqpfa&mifa0'emrsm; cHpm;Muygonf .../
tylckd;onf tonf; okdYr[kwf tpmtdrfokdY OD;rvSnfhbJ ausmufuyfokdY OD;vSnfhcJhaomf
ausmufuyfa&m*grSeforQ ajcovHk;? ajczrkd;? aygif? cg;wkdY a&mifMuygonf/ tonf;yga&mifygu 0rf;Akdufyga&mifygonf/
rsufESmvnf; trf;ygonf/
ukd,fazmukd,fa&mifaysmufaq; azmf&mü ]]zvl;rawmifa0S;}} onf t"duZmwfvdkuf jzpfygonf/
zvl;rawmifa0S;ukd tcsKdUt&yfu ]]rD;avmifyef;}} [k ac:onf/ t0ga&miftyGifhrsm; tqkyfvkdufyGifhygonf/
vuf0g;jzefYxm;ovkd t½Gufwpf½GufwGif oHk;>rm&Sdí 3? 4ayxd jrifhonf/
rauG;wkdif;w&m;½kH;teD; opfvkyfief;0if;twGif;ae OD;atmifcif? a':vSvSoef; wkdYaetdrfü zvlrawmifa0S;yif
&Sfdonf/ ausmufuyfa0'em&Sifrsm; tvG,fwul&,lEkdif&ef wrifpkdufysKd;xm;jcif;jzpfwmygwJh ukokdvfjzpfay;ygw,fwJh/
zvl;rawmifa0S; ukd,fa&mifaysmufaq;...
(1) zvl;rawmifa0S; ... 25usyo f m;
(2) &Sm;apmif;vufyyftESpf ... 30usyfom;
(3) xef;zdkOD;xef;vsuf ... 30usyfom;
(4) refusnf;rSnfhtESpf ... 5usyfom;
(5) MuufoGefeD ... 10usyfom;
yxrOD;pGm &Sm;apmif;vufyyf tESpfrsm;ESifh xef;vsufwkdYukd tkd;xJxnfhí rD;zkday:wifyg/ a&rxnfh&yg/
&Sm;apmif;vufyyfrS a7rsm; xGufvmygvdrfhrnf/ NyD;vQif zvl;rawmifa0S;ukd nufpGm axmif;xnfhyg/ xkdaemuf
MuufoGefeD? refusnf;rSnfhxnfhyg/ <uufNrD;wef;vQif rD;zkday:rScs? tat;cH? avvHkykvif;ESifh xnfhyg/ eHeuf? aeYvnf?
n (3)Burd f? wpfBudrfvQif vufzufpm;ZGef; (2)ZGef; armufarmuf pm;&ygrnf .../ (pm? 100)
13/ EG,fcsKd ...

okawoejyKavhvm&mwGif EG,fcsKdonf ovdyfaysmfapjcif; a&mif&rf;rIaysmufapjcif;owådrsm;&SdaMumif;od&Sd
&ygonf/ ¤if;tjyif EG,fcsKdü aumf&nfwpfrsKd; yg&Sdjcif;aMumifh ¤if;aumf&nfonfa&mif&rf;aeaom tarS;yg;rsm;ukd
okwfvdrf;í oufomrIukd &aponf/ ¤if;aumf&nfukd temcGufrsm;uko&efESifh 0rf;csKyfrIoufomap&eftoHk;jyKonf.../
,aeYokawoeavmuü EG,fcsLdonf a&yef;pm;ae\/ jrefrmtm,kaAÁ' odrfjzLaq;odyÜHq&mawmf
t&Sifem*odefrax7f a&;om;jyKpkaom ]]yHkjyaq;tbd"mef}} 'kw, d wGJü EG,fcsKd\ *kPfESifhpGrf;&nfrSm tjrpfukdoHk;\/
csKd\/ at;\/ aMuusufNyD;aomtcg 0dygucsKd\/ ajyjypf\/ cGeftm;udkjyKwwf\/ okwfukdyGm;ap\/ rsufpdukdtusKd;jyK\/
ta&miftqif;ukdaumif;ap\/ toHESifhqHyifukdaumif;ap\/ avonf;ajcukdEkdif\/ aoG;aMumifhjzpfaoma&m*g
temayguf? a&mifwif;? tqdyf? atmhtH? yg'&uf? a&iwf? ysKdU? aoG;tef? aoG;usa&m*gwkdYukd aysmufuif;ap\ .../
a,bk,stm;jzifh EG,fcsKdrS xkwfvkyf&&Sdaom j'yfaygif;rsm;rSm yHkrSefokH;pGJ&mwGif vHkjcHKpdwfcs&ygonf/ okdYaomf
Mum&Snf okdYr[kwf vGefuJpGm pm;oHk;rIonf jyif;xefaomab;qkd;rsm; jzpfEkdifonfukd awGU&Sd&ygonf/ vGefuJpGm
151
pm;oHk;rIaMumifh acgif;ukdufjcif;? xkdif;rIdif;av;vHjcif;? qkd'D,rfESifh a&xdef;csKyfrI ykdwwfpD,rfqHk;&SKH;rI aoG;aygifcsdef

jrifhrm;rI? ESvHk;&yfqkdif;rI txdyif jzpfwwfonf .../ (pm? 104)
14/ cHwGif;a&m*gESifh EG,fcsKd ...

EG,fcsKdukdiHkí t&nfpkyfygu cHwGif;ü tylvGefíjzpfaom tusdwfrsm;? tzkrsm; aysmufuif;apygonf .../
(pm? 106)
15/ BudKUxkd;jcif;ESifh EG,fcsKd ...

EG,fcsKdeSifh ysm;&nfa&mNyD;vQufygu BudKUxkd;jcif;ukd aysmufuif;apygonf .../ (pm? 106)
16/ avxkd;avatmifha&m*gESifh EG,fcsKd ...

pma&;ol (rauG;0if;jrifh) ukd,fwkdif ESpfaygif; (20)ausmf cHpm;chJ&aom avema&m*grSm EG,fcsKdESifhrS tjrpfjywf
cJhygonf/ EG,fcsKdtawmifhukd aeYpOf enf;enf;pD ukduf0g;pm;½kHESifh vHkavmuf\ .../ (pm? 107)
17/ a,musfm;taMumtm;enf;jcif;? yef;aoyef;ñId;jcif;ESifh &SOfhrwufO ...

&SOfYrwufOukd &Srf;jynf? atmifyef;? &GmiH&Gmuawmh om;orD;rsm;rsm;&apwJhtwGuf ]]om;rsm;O}}
vkdYac:ygw,f.../
trsKd;om;tm;aq; ...
(1) &SOfrwwfO(ac:)om;rsm;O ... 15usyfom;
(2) EG,cf sKd ... 15 /
(3) qD;jzLoD; ... 15 /
(4) ysm;&nf ... 25 /
(5) axmywf ... 25 /
(6) oMum; ... 25 /
&SOfYrwufOESifh EG,fcsKdwkdYukd trIefYjyKyg? qD;jzLoD;ukdvnf; tajcmufvSef;trIeYfjyKyg/ axmywf? oMum;?
ysm;&nfwkdYESifh a&mía<u&nfokwfZvHkwpfckxJ xnfhyg/ aeESifhcsufyg eHeuf?n [if;pm;wZGef; pm;oHk;yg .../ (pm? 112)
18/ om;tdrfü tvHk;7SdolESifh wkdif;&if;aq;eHygwf (11) rkwfuJaq; ...

uRefraq;cef;wpfckrSmjyawmh om;tdrfxJrSm tvHk;&Sdaew,f/ pkd;&drf&w,fqkdNyD;om;tdrfxkwfvdkuf&ygw,f/
csKyf½kd;jznfNyD;aemufykdif; vrf;avQuf&ifawmif qD;u &TJaeatmif oGm;ygw,f/ xyfjyMunfhawmh qD;tdrf&JUatmufem;rSm
taygufuav;awGUae&w,ffvkdYajymygw,f/ tJ'Dtaygufu cGJNy;D zmvkdY&w,fvkdY ajymygw,f .../
wpfpkHwpfckaMumifh qD;tdrfaygufoGm;wmukdawmh aq;pm;½kHeJY raysmufEkdifawmhygbl;/
taumif;qHk;uawmh AkdufjyefcGJNyD; aygufwJhae&mukdcsKyf&rSm .../
þokdYjzpf7jcif;onf uRefawmfhayghavsmhrIaMumifh 0D7d,enf;rIaMumifhjzpf&wmyg[kvnf;0efcHvkdygw,f/onfvdk
rsKd;om;tdrf (0rf;Adkuf) xJrSm tvHk;tcJ&SdolwpfOD;ukd ukoay;cJhzlygonf/ xkdtaMumif;ukdtrsm;odatmifpmtkyftjzpf
uRefawmfra&;jzpfcJh .../
xkdjzpf&yfuav;ukda&;cJhrdNyD; a0'em&Sifomzwf½SKrdcJhaomf ,ckuJhokdY aiGodef;ESifhcsDí ukefNyD; ukd,fqif;&Jjcif;
pdwfqif;&Jjcif; jzpfrSmr[kwfawmh/ ukoay;cJhaomaq;rSm wkdif;&if;aq;eHygwf(11) rkwfuJaq;jzpfygonf .../
152
wkdif;&if;aq;eHygwf (11) rkwfuJaq; ...

(1) prkefrsKd; (5)yg; (8yJom;pD) ... 2usyfcGJom; (16yJ = 1usyfom;)
(2) ausmufrsKd; (5)yg; ... /
(3) vdyaf usmufq;l ... 5 rl;om;
(4) aus;ykyf ... /
(5) Z0ufom ... /
(6) ZmwdyKæ v d o
f ;D ... /
(7) av;n§i;f ... /
(8) prkeef uf ... /
(9) rkwcf g; ... /
(rl&if;pmtkyfwGif aq;tav;csdef 16usyfom;[k yg&Sdaomfvnf; trSefwu,faygif;Munfhaomtcg 8usyfcGJom;yJ
&Sdygonf/ trSefukdjyefpDppf&ef .../)
txufygrkwfuJaq;ukd trIefYBudwf? aq;jym;uav;rsm;½kduf aeYpOf ntdyf&m0if(3)jym;pm;&ef .../ (pm? 156)
19/ yef;em&ifusyfESifh tpmukdavQmhpm;jcif; ...

uRefawmfh yef;em&ifusyfu t*Fvdyf? jrefrmaq;pHkygNyD/ raysmufbl;/ wpfaeY pmtkyf wpftkyfxJrS zwfrdwmu
]]tpmukd vkdtyfonfxuf ykdrkdpm;aomufjcif;onf toufwkdapí a&m*gxlap\}} wJh .../
uRefawmfhukd,fuRefawmf a0zefMunfhwJhtcg touf40-50 ausmfrSm xrif;ukdZvHkBuD;eJY tjynfhtarmuf
xnfhNyD; t0tNyJpm;wm/ tck ZvHkMuD;tpm; yef;uefjym;av;xJrSm oifh½HkxnfhNyD; pm;vdkufwJhtcgusawmh tpm;
avQmhvkdufwJhaeYupNyD; yef;em&ifusyfa&m*g[m wjznf;jznf;oufomvmwm tckqkd &Sif;&Sif;aysmufoGm;NyD/
vHk;0rarmawmhbl;/ vufpowfawmh tpmrsm;vGef;vkdY yef;em&ifusyfjzpfwmukd; .../ (pm? 136)
o Q o Q o
153
154
(28) tkef;rIwfcGufeif;a&m*guif;
rauG;0if;jrifh
t|rtBudrf? 2000/ wefzkd; 500usyf/ qkjrwfpmay .../
1/ tkef;rIwfcGufeif;yHkeif;enf; ...
tkef;rIwfcGufESpfjcrf;ukd ,lyg/ rsufpdoHk;ckygaombuf rygaombuf BudKuf&mukd toHk;jyKEkdifygonf/ (pm? 86)
tarT;Murf;rsm; pifMu,foGm;atmif tacsmoyfyg/ NyD;vQif tkef;rIwfcGufatmufü *kHeDtdwf okdYr[kwf
t0wfxlxlcHxm;yg/ tkef;rIwfcGufutrm Murf;jyifu trmqkdawmh eif;wJhyk*¾dKvf rawmfvkdY ajcacsmfvufacsmf
rjzpfatmifvdkYyg .../ (pm? 41)
tkef;rIwfcGufeif;awmhr,fqkd&if tay:uvufwef;vkyf&ygr,f/ 0g;vHk;awmifhawmifhckdifckdifaygh eif;r,fhol&JU
vufckyfwpfazmifavmuf wef;vkyf&r,f/ tJ'gukd vufESpfbufuqGJNyD; tkef;rIwfcGufESpfvHk;ay: b,f,drf;? nm,drf;
,D;av;ckdNyD; eif;&r,f/ ajcovHk;taMumawG rdatmifvJ qGJqefYeif;&r,f/ (pm? 106)
vufukdtay:wef;ajr§mufqGJNyD;awmh vufarmif; csKdif;aMumawGu tylckd; tykyfcdk;awG xGufvmw,f/ vlawG
aexkdifraumif;wm[m tJ'Dtckd;awG ikwfaevdkdYyJ/ vlwpfa,muf 'lvmyg'&ufa&m*g pGJNyDqkdrSjzifh ajczsm;awG
at;w,f/ 'l;awG aygifawGat;w,f/ rsufpdawGa0w,f .../ tJ'gawG aysmufuif;atmif tay:ukdwef;ypfNyD;
tkef;rIwf cGufESpfvHk;ay:ukd ,D;av;ckdNyD; ajcovHk;aMum? aygif;wGif;aMum? zaemufaMumrdatmif eif;&w,f .../
tJ'Dvdkeif;wJhtcg atmufykdif; tyltykyfawG tckd;awGxGufNyD; acR;pkdYvmwmaygh/ acR;xGufnDae&if usef;rmygw,f .../
(pm? 106)
2/ tkef;rIwfcGufeif;vQif a&SmifMuOf&rnfhudpörsm; ...

tkef;rIwfcGuf eif;NyD;vQif a&rcsKd;&yg/ ajcaxmufukdyif a&raq;rdatmiftxlowdxm;&ygonf/
tkef;rIwfcGuf eif;NyD;vkdY ig;em&DavmufMumrS a&csKd;oifhygonf .../
a7csKd;NyD;NyD;csif; tkef;rIwfcGuf eif;wmtaumif;qHk;ygyJ/ uRefawmfwkdY tEdSyfonfeJY teif; tEdSyfcHovkdaygh .../
(pm? 43)
3/ tkef;rIwfcGufeif;í yGJawGUaysmufaoma&m*grsm; ...

odrfjzLq&mawmf rdefYMum;onfrSm ]]aoG;eJYavaMumifh aoG;wkd; aoG;wuf ESvHk;aoG;&yf aoG;aMumydwf
aoG;roefY aoG;aMumrajzmifh ydwfqkdYwwfygw,f/ tJ'DvdkydwfqkdYrIaMumifh tqpfa&mif aygifawmifh 'acgufcGuftm;enf;
ajcvufvIyfr& pwJha&m*gawGjzpfvmrSmyJ .../
ykdYaqmifa&;orm;jzpfwJh ]]aveJYaoG;}} tm;&Sdw,fxm;OD;/ ykdufvHk; ysufwJhtvm; taMumawG&JU
taetxm;awGu ykHrrSefjyef&ifvnf; taMumao? taMumuyf? taMumydwf? taMumayguf jzpfvmEkdifw,f/
'DvdkjzpfwmawGukd taMumjyiftwwfeJY qufpyfrI&SdwJh tkef;rIwfcGufeif;&if; aysmufuif;w,fqkdwm oHo,
jzpfp&mrvdkygbl;[k rdefYawmfrlygonf .../ (pm? 24)
xkdolrSm avjzwfxm;ojzifh rdrdbmom r&yfEkdifyg/ xkdaMumifh tkef;rIwfcGufeif;&aomtcg
ab;vlESpfa,mufu wGJay;&onf/ ,kHMunfrI? ZGJ&SdrIaMumifh[k qkd&rnf/ xkdolrSm ESpfvtwGif; oufomaysmufuif
oGm;ygonf .../ (pm? 32)
usKyf vGefcJhwJh (10)ESpfavmufu &efukefa&mufw,f/ av[mjyifaps;rSm &mbmzdeyfqkdifzGifhwJh w½kwftzkd;BuD;
wa,mufukdawGU&w,f/ oem;p&mAsm/ olYcrsm avief;qGJNyD; ukd,fwpfjcrf;u wkefwkef&if&ifjzpfaew,f/ oGm;wJhtcg
ajcwpfzuf'&GwfqGJoGm;&w,f/ wkwfwpfacsmif;eJYaygh/ 'geJYusKyfu tkef;rIwfcGufeif;zkdY ajymawmh em;rvnf&Smbl;/
teD;tem; tkef;xrif;qkdifrSm tkef;rIwfcGuf ESpfvHk;awmif;NyD; vufawGUeif;jyvdkufw,f/ w½kwfBuD; awmfawmf
oabmusoGm;w,f/ wpfESpfavmufMumawmh uskKyf olUukd jyefawGUvkdufawmh awmfawmf thHMooGm;w,f/
155
taumif;yuwdAsKdU/ usKyfajymwJhenf;twkdif; ckESpfvausmfausmf eif;vdkufwm tckvdkjzpfa&mwJhAsm/ usKyfvnf;

awmfawmf0rf;omoGm;w,f .../ (pm? 34)
tkef;rIwfcGuf eif;wJhtcgrSm ZGJ&SdzkdYta&;BuD;ygw,f/ wpfcg ESpfcg eif;½kHeJY aysmufvJraysmufbl;vdkY
tm;ravQmhoifhygbl;/ pdwf&Snfvuf&Snf eif;prf;yg/ aysmuf&ygapr,f .../ oGwfcsmyg'? avief;? aoG;wkd;? qD;csKd
acgif;ukduf? Zufav; tukefaysmuf .../ (pm? 360)
]]avjzwfcH7wm oHk;ESpfavmuf&SdoGm;NyD/ tck tkef;rIwfcGuf eif;&ifaysmufyghrvm;/}} a&m*gMumMumovkdaygh
a&m*gEk? Ekovdkaygh/ tkef;rIwfcGufukdyJ ususee ,kHk,kHMunfMunf av;av;pm;pm;eif;yg aysmuf&ygapr,f/ 'DvdkeYJ
aysmufuif;MuolawG trsm;BuD;yg .../ (pm? 44)
vlrSm toufBuD;&if ]]av}} tm;enf;vmygw,f/ tkef;rIwfcGufeif;wmavoefygw,f/ avtm;aumif;NyD;
avvnfonftxd jzpfvmygw,f/ ukd,fwkdif eif;Munfh&if ukd,fawGUodvmrSmyg .../
]]'um0if;jrifh a&;vdkufwJh tkef;rIwfcGufaqmif;yg;aMumifh OD;Zif;wkdY bkef;BuD;avmurSmawmh
tkef;rIwfcGufcsnf; eif;aeMuNyD/ aumif;ygw,f/ 'g[m yx0DaMumrdwmyJ/ 'gaMumifh tanmif;tukduf uif;NyD;
teif;tESdyf vHk;0 rcH&awmhbl;}} [k anmifueft&Sif£EúrS rdefYawmfrlygonf .../ (pm? 48)
]]tkef;rIwfcGufeif;wm[m rsufpduG,fwmyg aysmufuif;aMumif; oifhb0r*¾Zif; xJrSm aqmif;yg;a&;yg&Sifh}}
(rñdkpdrhf wGJbuftxu qDrD;cHkaus;&Gm) .../ (pm? 71)
usKyfavjzwfzl;w,f/ a[m'D b,fajcaxmufaygh/ vufqkyfvkdY vIyfvkdYukd r&bl;/ rdwfaqGwpfa,muf
wjcm; bmrSrvkyfygeJY? tkef;rIwfcGufomeif;yg qkdNyD; tMuHay;wmeJY usKyfvnf; prf;Munfhwm [kwfoAsKdU wpfaeY
em&D0ufomomyJeif;w,f/ 157ufeJY&Sif;&Sif;aysmufw,fAs/ usKyfawmhtkef;rIwfcGufukdvufrvGwfawmhbl; .../ (pm? 75)
cifAsm;a&;wJh[mukd zwfNyD; eif;vmwm [kdwkef;u cg;cPcPemwm tdrfomwufzkdYqkd&if aMumufawmif
aMumufw,f/ rxkdifEkdifbJukd;/ taMumawGeif;NyD; odyfemwm/ tJ'Denf;twkdif;eif;vdkufwm wpfywftwGif;cg;emwm
BuD;vJ r&Sdawmhbl;/ ZufaMumvJ wif;raeawmhbl; .../ (pm? 83)
trsKd;orD;rsm; EkwfiHk&dSonfrS arG;zGm;onftxd tkef;rIwfcGufeif;Ekdifygonf/ tuskKd;um;tanmif;ajyNyD;
taMumrsm; avsmhonfhtjyif remrusifbJ vG,fvG,fulpGmarG;zGm;Ekdifygonf/ xkdYaMumifh ukd,f0efaqmifrsm;
eif;Muygaemf .../ (pm? 86)
usKyfESvHk;[m wpfrdepftBudrf (90) ausmfckefwm acgif;ukdrl;aemufaewmyJ/ tdyf&mxJ vSJae&w,f/
tkef;rIwfcGuf b,f? nmtBudrf (100)pD eif;vkdufwm b,fvkdtqifoifhoGm;ovJ rodEkdifbl;/ ESvHk;ckefwm
yHkrSefjzpfoGm;NyD; .../ (pm? 98)
4/ ukd,fawGU MuKHrS ...

ck eif;rMunfh7ao;bl; qkd7if r,HkMunfygeJYOD; .../ eif;MunfhNyD; ukd,fawGMuKHrS ,HkMunfvufcHyg .../
awmif;yefcsifwmuawmh eif;jzpfatmif eif;Munhfygaemf .../ (pm? 46)
5/ odrfjzLq&mawmf\ Mo0g' ...

ajcz0g;tv,fonf ta&;BuD;vS\/ ,if;onf aoG;aMum? avaMumwkdY qHk&m]]taMumblwm½HkBuD;
jzpfonf}} [k wifpm; ac:a0:xm;onf/ ]]rl;jcif;? arhjcif;? wufjcif;}} ponfwkdY jzpfvQif ajcz0g;tv,fukd emem
EdSyfay;&onf .../ (pm? 18)
6/ qD;a&m*gvHk;0uif;pifapzkdY ... (r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;ay;wJhenf; ...)

a&csKd;awmhr,fqdk&if qD;roGm;&bl;/ atmifhxm;&r,f/ atmifhvkdYr&bl; qkd&if a&rcsKd;eJYOD;/
a&wpfcGuf00aomufvkduf/ aomufNyD;csif;csif;vnf; csufcsif;a7rcsKd;eJYOD;/ 15rdepfavmuf aeOD; qD;tdrfxJ a&
a&mufygapOD;/ 'DawmhrScsKd;/ tJ'Dtwkdif;usifhoHk;oGm;r,fqkd&if qD;a&m*gvHk;0uif;oGm;r,f .../ (pm? 138)
o Q o Q o
156
(29) ukd,fawGUa&m*gaysmufuif; jcif;rsm;
1/ awmifvHk;jyefyif ...
awmifvHk;jyefyifrSm 9ay? 10aycefYjrifhaom tyifvwfrsKd;jzpfygonf/ t½GufEkpOf t½Guftem;wpf0kdufwGif
twGefUuav;rsm; rygaomfvnf;/ t½Guf&ifhvmaomtcg t½Guftem;wpf0kdufwGif twGefYuav;rsm; jzpfay:vmí
½GufqkdifxGufaom tyifjzpfygonf/ ¤if;awmifvHk;jyeft½Gufrsm;ygaom tukdif;wpfckukd csKd;í tcef;xJü xm;vQif
¤if;tyif\ opf½Gufpdrf;eHYrSm wpfcef;vHk; ysHUESHYvQuf&Sdonf/ xkdYaMumifh t½GufrSm teYH tvGefjyif;\/ ¤if;tyifonf
tqdyfukd Ekdifonf[k qkdjcif;aMumifhvnf;aumif;? awmifvHk;jyefyif[k qkdjcif;aMumifhvnf;aumif; þtaMumif; ESpfckukd
axmuf½SKí uRefawmfi,fpOfu Munfh½IcJh&aom &mr½kyf&SifZwfum;BuD;ukd oGm;owd&rdygawmhonf .../
&mr? vu©Pm nDaemifwkdYonf 'ó*D&dESifh ppfcif;Mu&m &mrvm;? vu©Pmvm; rrSwfrdawmhyg/ jrm;'Pf&m
&&SdoGm;ygonf/ xkd'Pf&mukd uko&eftwGuf [Ekrmefarsmufrif;tm; ta&mifvif;vufaeaom opfyifukd &Smckdif;&m
[Ekrmef taejzifh vkduf&SmazG&if; awmifwpfvHk;ay:odkY a&muf&SdoGm;ygonf/ xkdawmifay:wGif [kdae&m&Sd opfyifu
ta&mifvufoGm;vdkuf? aysmufoGm;vdkuf? 'Dae&m&dSopfyifu ta7mifvif;vufoGm;vkduf? aysmufoGm;vkdufESifh
rnfonfhtyifukd Ekwf&rSef; [Ekrmef rodawmhyg/ ra0cGJEkdifawmhyg/ 'Pf&m&aeolukdvnf; vsifjrefpGmukorS
toufcsrf;om&m &rnfjzpf&m aemufqHk;wGif ¤if;awmifBu;D ukd xkd;cGJí awmiftvHk;vdkufBuD;ukd aumif;uifc&D;jzifh
r,l o,faqmif ysHoef;vmonfY ½kyf&SifxJrS tcef;ukd ,ckxufwkdif jrifa,mifaerdygawmhonf .../
xkdokdY [Ekrmef awmifBuD;wpfckvHk; o,faqmifvmonfhtwGuf xkdaq;yifukd awmifvHk;ysHyif[k ac:qkdygvQif
vGefthHrxifyg/ wifjycJhNyD;aom pum;ESpfck qufpyf&rnfqkdygvQif xkd&mr½kyf&SifxJrS ]]awmifvHk;ysHyif}} ESifh ,ck
uRefawmfwkdY awGU&Sdxm;aom ]]awmifvHk;jyefyif}} wl rwl qkdonfukdrl azmfjyawmhrnfh aq;tusKd;tmedoifrsm;ukd
Munfh½Ií ynm&SdwkdY qifjcifMuygukef .../
157
2/ acG;ukdufcH&jcif;ESifh awmifvHk;jyefyif ...

wpfaeY uRefawmfonftdrfab; tumysOfrsm;ukd a&eHokwfa&m tdrfatmuf&Sd om;aygufaeaom acG;rS ukduf
vdkufygawmhonf/ xkdtcg ]]tm;}} [k rwkd;rus,f toHxGufoGm;NyD; a&eHokwfonfhudpöukd qufvkyfaerdygonf/
ZGJeyJESifh b,favmufyif qufvkyfaeygaomfvnf; acG;tqdyfonf tcsdefMumvmonfESifhtrQ tpGrf;jyvmygawmhonf/
ajcaxmuf axmufr&awmhyg/ tdrfay:okdY renf;tHBuw d fwufcJh&m ZeD;onfu apmapmuatmfoHMum;wmbmjzpfvkdYvJ
[kar;&m acG;ukdufcH&aMumif; NyD;pvG,fajymNyD; aq;cef;oGm;NyD; Akdufukd aq;xdk;cH&rnfhta&; awG;vefYaerd
ygawmhonf .../
rMumrD ZeD;onfu pdrf;a&Ta&T teYHjyif;aom t½GuftcsKdUukdaxmif;í acG;ukduf'Pf&mwGif tHkay;NyD; ywfwD;
pnf;ay;ygonf/ trSefukd0efcH&rnfqdkvQif xkdt½GuftHkay;onfukd vHk;0txifrBuD;yg/ aysmufrnf[kvnf; rxifyg/
ZeD;onfpdwfauseyfatmif ywfwD;tpnf;cHNyD; naeusrS aq;aMumí aq;cef;oGm;jyrnf[k MuH&G,fxm;ygonf/
okdYESifhyif ywfwD;pnf;NyD;aemufxrif;pm; aepOfrSmyif wqpfqpfukdufí emaeaom acG;qdyft&Sdefonf wjznf;jznf;
tm;aysmhvmovkd cHpm;rdygonf/ uRefawmfhtawGUtMuHKt& rMumcP jzpfzl;onfrSm acG;ukdufcH&vQifjzpfap
oHpl;vQifjzpfap 'Pf&mrS tem&Sdefonf wjznf;jznf;wufvmNyD; aemufqHk; ajcraxmufEkdifawmhbJ tzsm;yg
0ifvmwwfygonf/
,ckrl xkdt½Guf axmif;tHkí ywfwD; pnf;ay;vkdufuwnf;u wqpfqpfESifh emusOfukdufcJaeaom
acG;qdyfrSm rcHom&mu cHEkdifvmNyD; aemufqHk; tqdyfwufaeaom'PfrSm thHMozG,f vHk;0aysmufuif;
oGm;ygawmhonf/ vlrSmvnf; rzsm;onfhtjyif vef;vef;qef;qef;yif &Sdaeygonf/ vrf;vnf;
jyefavQmufEkdifygawmhonf/ acG;ukdufonfh acG;qdyf'Pfukd 'Dt½Guf aysmufuif;atmif vkyfEkdifNyD qkdwmukdvnf;
aocsmpGm ,HkMunfoGm;ygawmhonf/ 'gaMumifhrkdY ,HkMunfrI tjynfht0ESifh &J&Jwif;wif;yif usef&Sdaeao;aom tykdif;ukd
a&eHqufokwfí nae tm;vHk;NyD;awmh a&rkkd;csKd; xkdt½Guu f kd axmif;tHkNyD; topfwpfzef ywfwD; pnf;vkdufygonf
.../
aemufwpfaeY eHeufokdYa&mufaomf emjcif;? ukdufjcif;? a&mifjcif;r&dSawmhbJ vlaumif;wpfa,mufvkd
vrf;aumif;aumif; avQmufEkdifygonf/ acG;ukdufxm;aom ]]oGm;&m}} ae&muawmh ajcmufpjyKaeaomfvnf;
tem'Pf&m tenf;i,fom usefygao;onf/ wpf&uf ESp&f ufMumaomf tm;vHk;aysmufoGm;ygonf/ xkdt½Gufonf
awmifvHk;jyefyifrS t½Gufjzpfygawmhonf/ 'Dtwkdif; axmif;½kHygyJ/ qm;awG bmawG xnfhp&m rvkdyg/ [Ekrmef
aq;yif&Smaom ae&ma'orSm jrefrmEkdifiHrsm; jzpfaeovm;rod .../
(rZdößra'oeJY jrefrmEkdifiH aumif;uifc&D;u vm&if odyfra0;bl;aemf .../)
3/ uifqmusdwfESifh awmifvHk;jyefyif ...
'gu uRefawmfukd,fawGUr[kwfaomfvnf; awmifOuúvm (13)&yfuGuf? ,ó0wD (12)vrf;wGif aechJpOfu
jzpfcJhaom &yfuGufwGif; udpöwpfck jzpfygonf/
tzktusdwfrsm; ausmukef;wGifaygufaom tbkd;tkd\rdom;pkrSm vufvkyfvufpm; aps;onfrsm;om
jzpfygonf/ ¤if;tbkd;tkdrSm touf(70) ywf0ef;usifcefY&SdNyD; ausmukef;wGiftzktusdwfrsm;aygufvmojzifh
aq;½kHokdYoGm;jy&m uifqmusdwf[k owfrSwfvkdufNy;D xkdacwf (1997 ywf0ef;usif) u tajctaet&
cGJpdwfrnfjzpfojzifh aiGESpfaomif;cefY&SmNyD; aq;½kHokdYjyefvmí cGJpdwfukocH&efajymvdkuf&m pdwfraumif;pGmeJYbJ
jyefvmcJh&ygowJh/ bmaMumifhvJqdkawmh aiGESpfaomif;&SmzkdYrajymeJY aiGESpf&m&zkdYawmif wpfaeukef&Smae&wmqkdawmh
vnfpif;cH½kHtjyif bm&SdOD;rSmvJ .../
wkdwkdajymMuygpkdY/ qif;&Jom;&yfuGufqkdawmh 'Dowif;u ysHUxGufvmNyD; tdrfuZeD;onfxH qkdufqkduf
NrdKufNrKduf a&mufvmygawmhw,f/ tdrfuZeD;onfuvnf; 'DawmifvHk;jyefyifeJY ukokdvf,l tb,'gevkyfvmwm
vlawmfawmf rsm;aeNyDcifAsmh/ 'Dawmh vmcJh/ ykdufqHr&SdwJh twlwlawmh 'Dtwkdif; ikwfwkwf xkdifcHraeeJY/ ,loGm;
'Dt½GufawG tylay;NyD; EGrf;oGm;awmhrS a&pGwfNyD;uyfcsiu f yf? t7GufawGukd xkaxmif;NyD; tkHcsiftkH ... qdkNyD;
t½GufawG ay;vkdufygw,f/ ESpfywfcefYMumawmh aysmufomG ;NyD; tzktusdwfawGr&Sdawmhb;l/ aygufwJh[muayguf?
158
aysmufwhJ[muaysmuf qkdwJhowif;[m aq;zkd;0g;c wpfjym;wpfcsyfrS r&wJhaq;ukay;yHkukd Mum;uae

yGJMunfhy&dwfowfvkyfaewJh uRefawmfawmif z&PmyDwd *Grf;qDxdovkd wtdtdeJY 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjzpfrIawG[m
wpfudk,fvHk;udk ysHUESHYoGm;ygawmhw,f .../
uRefawmfwkdY &yfuGufxJrSm owif;ysHUoGm;ygawmhw,f/ 'Dtyifu t½Gufukd vmawmif;Muwmav
&yfuGufxJu uav;awG qkdwmvnf; aEG&moDrSm o&ufoD;rSnfhawG pm;NyD; acgif;rSm bkBuD;awG aygufuswJhtcsdef
r[kwfvm;? vmawmif;wJhvlawG b,favmufrsm;ovJawmh rodbl; tJ'Daq;½GufukdcGJwrf;csNyD; ay;&wJhAsm/
vlwpfcgvm ESpf½GufpD odyfrMumygbl;/ tyifu t½Guf&ifYawG ukefoGm;ygawmhw,f/ aemuf vmawmif;wJh
vlawGtwGufawmh 'Djyif wpfae&mu oGm;cl;NyD; ay;&ygw,f/ ykdufqHr&wJhtjyif vrf;p&dwfyg? tcsdefyg pkdufxkwf
ukefuscH&ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh 0rf;omtm;&eJY apwemoefYoefYeJY tdrfuZeD;onfu vkyfay;cJhygw,f .../
xkdaq;½Gufonf yHkwGifjyxm;wJh awmifvHk;jyefyifrS t½GufyJ jzpfygw,f/ pkduf&wmvnf;vG,fulygw,f
rkd;wGif;rSm udkif;csKd;NyD; xkd;xm;½kHygyJ/ toHk;vkdw,fqkd&ifjzifh ewfvrf;ñTef vdkufygw,f/ awmifOuúvmyNrdKU &wemaps;
teD;&Sd pGef;vGef;*lausmif;? oHCmawmfrsm;a&oHk;oyf&m ESpfae&m&Sdonfhteuf trkd;r&Sdaom a&csKd;tkwfuef teD;wGif
&Sdygw,f/ aemufwpfae&muawmh awmifOuúvm (16)7yfuGuf? jynfom,mvrf;? trSwf (647) a&SUrSm &Sdygw,f/
aemufwpfcg '*kHNrdKUopf (awmifykdif;) ,Ofaus;rIwuúokdvfteD; atmifaZ,stdrf&m? wkduftrSwf (38)? a&SUrSmvnf;
&dSygw,f/ rnfolrqkd vkdtyf&if awmif;,lNyD; rkd;tcgrSm ukdif;csKd; pkdufyskdK;xm;yg/ rdrdwkdYwifru tdrfem;eD;csif;awG
toHk;wnfhrSmygaemf .../
vrf;ñTefzkdY usefygao;w,f .../ wpfae&mu ouFefuRef;NrdKUe,f? av;a'gifhuef&yfuGuf? uefOD;vrf;? trSwf
(381) a&SUrSmvnf; &Sdygw,f/ aemufwpfae&muawmh '*kHNrKdopfajrmufykdif; (30)&yfuGuf? bk&ifaemifhvrf;
(ausmif;vrf;) trSwf (102) a&SUrSmvnf; awmifvHk;jyefyifukd &&SdEkdifygw,f .../
(rnfonfhvdyfpmwGifyif ,l,l tzkd;tc wpfpHkwpf&m ay;&efrvkdyg .../)
4/ taxGaxGa&m*grsm;ESifh awmifvHk;jyefyif ...
'guawmh ukd,fawGUrsufawGU r[kwfyg/ wpfqifhjyefMum;&wJhowif;yg/ awmifvHk;jyef½Gufukd 0g;NyD; ikHxm;?
NyD;awmh jyefaxG;xkwf/ aemufwpfcg t½Gufopf xyf0g;NyD; ikHxm;? jyefaxG;xkwf/ tJ'Dvkd xyfwvJvJ vkyfay;&if
oGm;ukduf aysmufw,fvkdY Mum;od&ygw,f/ 0ufjcHwkdY rsufpdpGHwmwkdYvnf; tJ'Dt½Gufukd rD;aEG;aEG;eJY tylay;?
a&pGwfuyf? 'grSr[kwf t½Gufukdxkaxmif;NyD; tHktHk NyD;awmh vufpG,fajcpG,f ikwf&ifvnf; xkaxmif;NyD;tHk
ywfwD;pnf;xm; aysmufuif; ukefMuygowJhAsm/ NyD;awmh zsmatmufrSmjzpfjzpf ukwifatmufrSmjzpfjzpf
xm;tdyf&ifvnf; Murf;ykd;awG xGufajy;ukefMuw,f qkdwJhtaMumif; wpfqifhpum;eJY Mum;odcJh&ygw,f/
ykd;aumifrTm;aumifawG ukdufxm;wJh ,m;emawG tzktydrfhawG jzpf&ifvnf; awmifvHk;jyef owåK&nfukd pGwf? tJ'D
axmif;xm;wJh t½GufzufawGeJY yGwfay;&ifvnf; oufom aysmufuif;w,f qkdwJhtaMumif; Mum;odcJh&ygw,f .../
tk!d pm½Iol ynm&Sdtaygif;wkdY xkdawmifvHk;jyef½Gufukd rdrdwkdY ÓmPfrDSovdk qifjcifoHk;pGJí usef;rmrIukd
a&m*guif;a0;rIukd &,lMuygukefavmh .../
5/ oHpl;jcif;ESifh oMum;rIdif; ...

tdrfjyifaqmufwkef;u vuform;q&m acgifrkd;edrfhedrfh tay:u ajrBuD;ay:ckefcsvdkufwm ajrBuD;ay:rS usaewJh
opfom;uoH[m ajcaxmufukd oHwpfqHk; pl;0ifoGm;ygawmhw,f/ awmfawmfukd eufygw,f/ tJ'gukd
vuform;q&mu rD;aoG;cJ tenf;i,fay:rSm oMum;jzL;? oMum;yGifhav;awG rD;cJeJY xdoGm;awmh rMumcif
oMum;rIdif; (taiGU) av;awG xGufvma&m? tJ'DoMum;rIdif; (taiGU) av;awGay:rSm oHpl;wJh ajcaxmufukd
cHxm;ay;½kHygyJ/ oHpl;wJh 'Pf&mxJukd oMum;rIdif; 0ifoGm;atmif vkyfwJhoabmygyJ/ ajcaxmufukd taiGUcH½Hk
oufoufygyJ/ rD;cJESifh ajcz0g;xdp&m rvkdyg/ oHk;av;cgavmuf vkyfay;vdkufwm csufcsif;vrf;xavQmuf?
csufcsif;tvkyfjyefvkyfEkdifygw,f/ aemufwpfaeY tvkyfqif;awmhvnf; taumif;yuwdygyJ .../
159
uRefawmfukd,fwkdif oHpl;awmh tJ'Dtwkdif; vkyfMunfhwm ukd,fawGU aysmufuif;cJhygw,f/ ar;ckdifykd;

r0ifatmif aq;xkd;p&m rvkdyg/ vufawGUrkdY tmrcH&Jwmyg/ uRefawmfqkd cPcP oHpl;zl;w,f/ oMum;rIdif;eJYcsnf;yJ
aysmufuif;cJhwmygyJ .../ vufawGUaemf vkyfomMunfh t[kwfaysmufwm .../
6/ a&,kefESifh oGm;wkdufaq;tjzL ...

Ekwfcrf;pyfrSm a&,kefaygufvQif oGm;wdkufaq;tjzLudk okwfay;yg/ vsifjrefpGm aysmufuif;ygw,f/
tckacwfay:wJh *s,fvDvdkrsKd; tpdrf;a&mif oGm;wdkufaq; aysmhaysmhtdtdawGawmh rxnfhbl; rvdrf;bl;vdkY rodyg/
w½kwfu vmwJh oGm;wdkufaq;? yufqdk;'ifhoGm;wdkufaq; pwJh tjzLawG xnfhvdkY&ygw,f .../
ynm&dStaygif; olawmfaumif;wdkY qifjcif? pOf;pm;? qHk;jzwfí prf;oyfokawoe jyKawmfrlMuygukef .../
o Q o Q o
160
30/ a&m*gaysmufaq;enf; rsm; tu©&mpOftñTef;
u ausmufuyfa&mif (Bwdzv)............................................83
ausmufuyfa&mif ('EÅokc) ........................................... 99
uAsmOayu©m ...................................................................19 ausmufuyf (qD;) (MuufoGefeD) ....................................87
uav;acsmif;qdk;? cRJusyf (acG;ao;yef;)......................90 ausmufuyf (zvl;rawmifa0S;).................................. 151
uav;acsmif;qdk;? &ifusyf? touf&SLusyf ................ 107 ausmufwnf (uñGwfO)................................................49
uav;qD;csKyf (MuufoGefeD)........................................ 118 ausmufwnf (ukef;xdu½Hk;)..........................................53
uav;qD;roGm; (MuufoGefeD).................................... 118 ausmufwnf? qD;atmifh (jynfvkH;csrf;om)..................71
uav;ESmydwf (uGrf;½Guf) ............................................. 69 ausmufwnf? qD;tdrf (r½dk;yGifh? EGm;EdkY) ..........................94
uav;ESmydwf? ESmap;? touf&SLusyf ....................... 107 ausmufwnf (cHwufacguf) ......................................... 99
uav;avxdk;? avatmifh (yifpdrf;) .............................76 ausmufwnf (Mucwf0g;tqpf) ................................... 99
uav;Adkufem? oefaumif? wkwf (yifpdrf;) ..................76 ausmufwnf qD;atmifh ([if;Eke,f) ........................ 109
uav;tpmraMu? avem? 0rf;oGm; (uGrf;)............. 107 ausmufwnfqD; (ql;yef;yGifh) ..................................... 149
uav;tqkwf? vnfacsmif;a&m*g ............................ 107 ausmufz½HkoD;ESifh aoewf'Pf&m..................................10
uav;tlus? abmus ('ef;BuD;½Guf) ............................66 usyfykwD;em (ukuúdKaph) ................................................ 120
um;rl;aysmufaq; (csif;? ysm;&nf) ............................ 150 usef;rmzdkYenf;vrf;wuspm;aomuf .............................16
udk;q,fhajcmufyg;aq; (OD;cEÅD) ......................................50 usef;rmzdkYoifhawmfwJhtm;upm;vkyf ..............................17
udk;q,fhajcmufyg;aq; (xef;vsuf? MuufoGef) ..........52 usef;rmzdkYaq;vdyfjzwf? t&ufavQmh .............................17
udk,fa&0g (qifwkH;rEG,f? 'defcsOf) tom;0g..................50 usef;rmzdkY pdwfoabmxm;rQwyg ..................................17
udk,fylus (pm;aqmf'g? oMum;).....................................71 usef;rmzdkYaomufp&mt&nf (6)rsKd; ...............................21
ukd,fylzsm; (acG;ao;yef;? Muuf[if;cg;) ......................90 usef;rmouf&Snf (qifwHk;rEG,f) ...................................91
udk,fwpfjcrf;av;vH (aMumifyef;) ................................88 Muuf[if;cg;oD;u umuG,fwJha&m*g ..........................22
udk,fa&mifaysmufaq; (zvl;rawmifa0S;) ................ 151 MuufoGefjzLu umuG,fwJha&m*g..................................22
udk,fawGU BuKHrS ............................................................. 156 MuufoGefjzL\ *kPfowåd .............................................. 116
udk,fwGif;"mwfaiGUoefYpif (wpfudk,fvHk;qm;yGwf) .......10 MuufoGefeDwGifyg0ifaom"mwfrsm;.............................. 117
ukuúdK .............................................................................. 119 MuufoGefeDpm;okH;jcif;tusKd; ....................................... 117
uifqm (wyifEdkifjreef;) ...................................................9 BudwfrSef½Guf,dkESifh aysmufuif;a&m*grsm;.....................39
uifqm ('defcsOf) ...............................................................12 BudwfrSef½Gufokyf ..............................................................39
uifqm (om;tdrf) (uGrf;½Guf) .......................................13 BudwfrSef½Guf (tpmvnf;aq;? aq;vnf;tpm) ........47
uifqmjrpfyGm;em (y½kwf? 'kwm¬ ) ....................................63 BudwfrSef½Guf (aq;zuf0if) ............................................57
uifqmusdwf (awmifvkH;jyefyif) ................................. 158 BudwfrSef½Guf,dkESifh aysmufuif;aoma&m*grsm;.......... 127
uif;ukdufjcif; (MuufoGefe)D ...........................................70 auGumtkyfaMumifh tqDESihf aoG;wdk;us.......................22
uif;ukdufjcif; (MuufoGefe)D ...........................................87 uGrf;½GufESifh aysmufuif;aoma&m*grsm;......................... 1
uefpGef;½kd;eD.................................................................... 139 Muyfxkyfxdk;enf;..............................................................64
uefYuvmESifh plvmezmjcm;em;csuf...............................12 BudKUxdk;atmhtH (MuufoGefeD? csif;)..................................45
uefYuvmESifh ywfowfí ...............................................12 BudKUxdk; (&Sdef;cdk? rwfyJ) .................................................... 99
usD;uef;yg;pyf (xrif;a&yltjr§Kyf) .................................71 BudKUxdk; (oMum;)............................................................. 99
urÇmUusef;rma&;tzGJUaqmifyk'f ......................................21 BudKUxdk; (csif;)................................................................. 115
urÇmUenf;vrf; (toHxGufpmzwf) .................................7 BudKUxdk; (ZD&mjzL) .............................................................118
ausmufuyf (avmufao½Guf) ......................................32 BudKUxdk; (qD;jzL).............................................................. 125
161
BudKUxdk; .......................................................................... 127 acgif;ukduf (eEGif;? eHYomjzL)............................................39

BudKUxdk; (Bwdzv)............................................................ 146 acgif;udkuf (oHyk&maph) ...................................................39
BudKUxdk; (EG,fcsKd) ............................................................. 152 acgif;ukduf (iSufaysmoD;tpdrf;) .....................................55
BudKUxdk;aysmufaq;enf;rsm;............................................45 acgif;&dSaAmuf? oef; (MuufoGefeD) .................................87
udkufcJ (trsKd;orD;) (aygufyef;jzLyGifh) ...........................93 acgif;ukduf (csif;).............................................................89
<uufem;½GufrdIu umuG,fwJha&m*g .............................23 acgif;tkH (trsKd;orD;) (aygufyef;jzLyGifh) ..........................93
<uufEdkY (0g*Grf;uyf? rD;½dIU) ................................................14 acgif;udkuf? rl;a0 (uGrf;½Guf) ...................................... 107
<uufEdkY (cHwuf)...............................................................25 acgif;udkuf (yifpdrf;) ..................................................... 109
<uufEdkY (oabFmyif) ........................................................60 acgif;yl (ZD&mñdk) ............................................................ 119
<uufEdkY (yifpdrf;)...............................................................77 acgif;rl; (ZD&mñdk)........................................................... 119
acgif;udkuf (ukuúdK) ....................................................... 119
c acgif;udkuf (yifpdrf;) ......................................................123
csdeJYydefcsKH;a&m*g (c&rf;csOo f D;) ..................................... 128
c&rf;csOfoD;u umuG,fwJha&m*g..................................22 csif;,dkjyKvkyfenf; (1)................................................... 115
c&D;a0;avQmufenf; (rarmatmif) .................................7 csif;,dkjyKvkyfenf; (2)................................................... 115
c½koif; (BudwfrSef? zefcg;)...............................................39 acsmif;qdk;? yef;em (csif;ajcmuf? zefcg;oD;) ................ 115
c½koif; ({u&mZfjrpf)......................................................64 acsmif;qdk;? yef;em (&J,dkoD;)............................................. 7
c½koif; (yifpdrf;)..............................................................77 acsmif;qdk;? yef;em (ayG;udkif;½Guf) ..................................25
c½koif; (BudwfrSef? zefcg;)...............................................89 acsmif;qdk;? yef;em (i½kwfaumif;? ysm;&nf) ..................90
cg;em? cg;ukduf (oabFm½Guf) .........................................61 acsmif;qdk;? yef;em (yifpdrf;)..........................................123
cg;em? taMumwuf (ouf&if;BuD;)...............................66 acsmif;qdk;? ESmap;............................................................41
cg;em (qifaygif;qD) .........................................................73 acsmif;qdk;? ESmap; (csif;? ysm;&nf) .................................89
cg;½dk;usD;aygif;wuf (yifpdrf;)..........................................76 acsmif;qdk;? &ifusyf ..........................................................45
cg;udkuf? 'l;udkuf (csif;)...................................................89 acsmif;qdk;? &ifusyf (uav;) (uGrf;½Guf) .................. 107
cg;ukduf (r½dk;ap;)............................................................94 acsmif;qdk;aoG;yg (zkH;rodef).............................................60
cg;em (udk,f&HBuD;½Guf) ................................................... 99 acsmif;qdk;? vnfacsmif;em (yifpdrf;)...............................77
cg;em? cg;udkuf (anmifajcaxmuf)............................... 99 acsmif;qdk; (csif;) ..............................................................89
cg;em (awmifqD;jzL) .................................................... 127 acsmif;qdk;? cRJusyf (uav;) (acG;ao;yef;)..................90
cg;em? cg;udkuf............................................................... 128 acsmif;qdk;atmhtH (yifpdrf;) .......................................... 109
clem ('EÅokc)....................................................................48 acsmif;qdk;a&m*g............................................................. 120
clem (&Sm;apmif;vufyyf) ............................................. 128 acsmif;qdk;a&m*g (ukuúdK)............................................... 120
cHwGif;ysuf (Budwrf Sef½Guf,dk)..........................................39 acsmif;qdk;a&m*g (eEGif;).................................................124
cHwGif;ysufvQmem (c&rf;csOfoD;).....................................49 csKdif;acR;eHY (xkH;a&Munf) .................................................25
cHwGif;ysufvQmem (*kHrif;)................................................49 csKdif;acR;eHY (oHyk&moD;) ....................................................65
cHwGif;ysufvQmyGwfaq; (w½kwfpum;)........................50 ajcz0g;qm;yGwf? aysmufuif;a&m*g ................................ 2
cHwGif;ysuf? tpmraMu (EdkudkO).....................................76 ajcuGJem (anmifap;) ........................................................ 3
cHwGif;eHYraumif; (ausmufcsOf? pm;qdk'g) ...................... 79 ajczrkd;a&mif (½Gufusyifayguf) ......................................25
cHwGif;a&m*g (EG,fcsKd) .................................................... 152 ajcz0g;tom;rm? uGJtuf (qD) .....................................26
cE¨mudk,fav;vHxdkif;rIdif; (aMumifyef;).........................88 ajcz0g;uGJtufem (aq;uwå&m) ..................................56
cEÅD(OD;)enf; (oraxm? ysm;? ayG;).................................42 ajczsm;vufzsm;at;? ezl;yl (uifyGef;csOf) ....................85
acgif;udkuf? ZufaMumwuf (uGrf;½Guf) ........................25 ajcpG,fvufpG,fikwf (&Sm;apmif;vufyyf) ....................97
acgif;rl; (ysm;&nf? oHyk&m&nf).......................................25 ajcz0g;uGJtufem (iSufaysmyif) .................................... 99
162
ajcz0g;uGJtufem (uGrf;½Guf)...................................... 107 ptdk0wkwfxdk; (Buw d frSef½Guf) ........................................89

acG;udkufvQif (MuufoGefeD) .............................................87 pwkr"l ............................................................................143
acG;udkufvQif (MuufoGefjzL) ...........................................88 pm;r0iftdyfraysmfa&m*g .................................................... 4
acG;udkufvQif (ra&Smh½Guf) ...............................................94 pm;oifhaom[if;tr,f ............................................... 139
acG;udkufvQif (awmifvkH;jyef½u G f) ............................... 158 plvmezmESifh aysmufuif;aoma&m*grsm;......................... 1
cRJyltzsm; (rif;uGwfoD;).............................................. 110 plvmezmESifh aysmufuif;aoma&m*grsm;.........................9
plvmezmESifh uefYuvmjcm;em;csuf...............................12
* pkdajyjynfhNzdK;tiftm;wkd; (&Sm;apmif;) .............................57
pdwfaMumifh ......................................................................143
*Edka&m*g (ukuúdK)............................................................121 pdwfcsrf;omr*Fvm (8)yg;aq;.......................................18
*&if*sDem ([if;Eke,f)......................................................47 pdwfacsmufcsm;? ESvkH;wkef (qifwkH;? jrif;cGm).................50
*&if*sDem (MoZmoD;ajcmuf) ........................................... 99 pdwfaeoabmxm;rQwyg (usef;rmzdkY) ...........................17
*&if*sDem (uGrf;½Guf)..................................................... 107 pdwfESvkH;ylyefjcif; (a&xdu½Hk;) ......................................69
*efY*vmESifh plvmezmjcm;em;csuf...................................12 pdwfa0'em (uGrf;½Guf) ................................................. 107
*efY*vmESifh ywfoufí ...................................................12 pdwfomt"du? aq;0g;u'kwd, ...................................18
pdrf;jyma&ñdS (Spirulina) u umuG,fay;wJha&m*g..23
i pkyf,ljcif; (3)yg; (ajratmufO)......................................21
iSufzsm; (&Sdef;ckd? uGrf;½Guf)................................................9 q

iSufzsm; (aq;cg;BuD;)......................................................26
iSufzsm; (*kH;cg;) ................................................................26 qm;yGwfjcif; (wpfudk,fvkH;)...........................................10
iSufzsm; (uGrf;? 'efYovGef? aq;½Guf) ............................26 qm;ESifhtzsm;a&m*g .........................................................10
iSufzsm; (avmufao½Guf) ..............................................32 qHyifeufaq; (BudwfrSef? qD;jzL)...................................60
iSufzsm; (aMumifyef;).......................................................40 qHyiftwGufenf;wpfvuf ............................................72
iSufzsm; (jrif;cGm7Gu?f i½kwfaumif;)..............................40 qHyifjzL? qHyifuRwf (u&ruf) .....................................85
iSufzsm; (jrif;cGm? yifpdrf;? i½kwfaumif;).......................40 qHyifjzL? qHyifuRwf (iSufaysm).....................................26
iSufzsm; (&dSef;cdk) ................................................................64 qHyifjzL (MuufoGefeD) ......................................................87
iSufzsm; (&Sm;apmif;BuD;)..................................................65 qHyifeufap&ef (BudwfrSe)f .............................................89
iSufzsm; (yifpdrf;) .............................................................76 qHyifaumif;ap&ef (MuufoGefjzL)............................... 116
iSufzsm; (aMumifyef;)...................................................... 99 qHyifeufap&ef (axmywf? qifwkH;)...........................144
iSufzsm; (MuufoGefjzL) ................................................. 116 qefjyKwfenf; ("mwfAl;ESifh) (*syef) .............................. 149
iSufzsm; (ZD&mjzL)........................................................... 118 qefykd;rwG,fap&ef (MuufoGefeD) ...................................87
iSufzsm; (yifpdrf;) ...........................................................122 qD;csKd? aoG;csKd (eHYomeDrIefY) ................................................ 5
iSufzsm; (&Srf;aq;cg;BuD;)............................................ 128 qD;csKd (awmifqD;jzLyif) ..................................................... 7
qD;csKd ('defcsOf)...................................................................12
p qD;csKd (uif;ykH½Guf) ...........................................................27
qD;csKd (wnif;oD;qm;&nfpdrf) .......................................52
pum;roGufavjzwf (oyGwfcg;) ..................................55 qD;csKd (ykwD;jzL = awmifqD;jzL)......................................58
pum;xpfjcif; (jrif;cGm½Guf) ........................................... 99 qD;csKd? aoG;wkd;? avief; (a&SmufoD;) ...........................64
pum;xpfjcif; (uGrf;½Guf) ........................................... 107 qD;csKd&dSol xdcdkuf&Sem (ukef;aA'g) .................................70
pjrif;aMumifhAdkufatmifh ................................................. 103 qD;csKdaMumifhjzpfaomtem (qdyfzvl;½Guf) ..................110
ptdk0,m;jcif; (Buw d frSef½Guf) .........................................39 qD;csKd (Muuf[if;cg;).......................................................88
163
qD;csKd (eEGif;cg;)................................................................92 qD;a&m*g (wrm) ...........................................................124

qD;csKd .............................................................................. 100 qD;a&m*g (eEGif;)............................................................124
qD;csKd (ausmufcJa&pdrf) ................................................114 qD;csKyf (MuufoGefeD) .......................................................40
qD;csKd .............................................................................. 128 qD;csKyf (uGrf;½Guf)........................................................ 107
qD;csKd (oajyacguf) .......................................................141 qD;csKyf? qD;atmifh (uñTwfO) .......................................49
qD;csKd (Bwu d #Kwf) ......................................................... 151 qD;csKyf? qD;atmifh (w½kwfpum;yGifh) ............................50
qD;oGm;aoG;yg................................................................144 qD;csKyf? qD;atmifh (½Sm;apmif;vufyyf) ........................97
qD;oGm;aoG;yg............................................................... 150 qD;0gcsKyf? 0rf;csKyf (uifyGef;csOf) .....................................85
qD;oGm;aoG;yg? qD;yl? qD;enf; ('EÅokc) ......................48 qD;csKyf? avcsKyf? 0rf;csKyf (ouf&if;BuD;)......................98
qD;oGm;aoG;yg? qD;yl? qD;enf; ('EÅokc) ......................40 qD;? 0rf;? avrSef (abmpukdif;) .....................................93
qD;oGm;aoG;yg? qD;yl? qD;enf; ....................................144 qD;? 0rf;? aoG;? av n§daq; .................................... 149
qD;vGefjcif; (cHwuf½Guf) ..................................................9 qD;csKyf? qD;yl? qD;atmifh ............................................ 108
qD;vGefjcif; (qdwfzvl;½Guf)........................................ 110 qD;csKyf? qD;atmifh (aq;aygif;crJZvD)....................... 129
qD;vGefjcif; (ukef;xdu½Hk;) .............................................53 qD;csKyf? qD;atmifh (cHwuf)............................................90
qD;vGefjcif; (OoQpf? csif;)............................................... 99 qD;atmifh? qD;enf;? qD;usef (jrif;cGm)..........................40
qD;vGefjcif;? qD;Budwaf &mif (cHwuf) ............................82 qD;atmifh? qD;yl? qD;usOf (ausmufz½kHoD;)..................46
qD;vGefjcif; (qD;jzLoD;) ................................................ 125 qD;atmifh? qD;yl .............................................................111
qD;vGef? qD;cPcPoGm; (cHwuf) ...............................82 qD;atmifh? qD;yl (eEGif;? qD;jzL)......................................55
qD;vGef? cPcPoGm;? qD;usef .................................. 150 qD;atmifh? qD;yl (pHy,f? oMum;? ysm;) ........................76
qD;rxdef;Edkifjcif;a&m*gvu©Pm.....................................83 qD;atmifh? qD;ukduf (oHyk&m? ,rf;pdrf;).......................63
qD;rxdef;EdkifrIowdjyK&rnfhtcsufrsm;...........................83 qD;atmifh (BuH&nf? ZmwdyæKdvo f D;).................................65
qD;ausmufwnf (wrm½Guf)........................................124 qD;atmifh (ukuúKd) ..........................................................121
qD;ausmufwnf (oHrEkdifausmufrEkdif).........................26 qD;atmifh (qD;jzLoD;)................................................... 125
qD;ausmufwnf (ql;yef;yGifh) ..................................... 149 qD;atmifh ..................................................................... 128
qD;ausmufwnf (qD;jzL? eEGif;).....................................26 qD;usOf? qD;atmifh (ausmufysOf) ............................... 147
qD;ausmufwnf (xdu½kH;).............................................26 qD;rsm;ap&ef (MuufoGefeD) .............................................45
qD;atmifhausmufwnf (xdu½Hk;jrpf) ............................40 qD;&Tifap&ef (tkef;jrpf) ................................................. 100
qD;atmifhausmufwnf (jynfvHk;csrf;om).....................71 qD;aMumihfanmif;ukduf (qifwHk;rEG,f) .........................63
qD;tdrfausmufwnf (r½dk;yGifh? EGm;EkdY).............................94 qDeD? usef? aemuf (a&xdu½kH;).....................................69
qD;atmifhausmufwnf ([if;Eke,f) ..........................109 qD;ylanmif;us (uefpGef;½Guf)........................................86
qD;ESifhausmufuyf (MuufoGefe)D ...................................87 qD;ykyfa&m*g (qD;jzLoD;) ..............................................110
qD;tdrfausmufuGJ&ef (*sHkKrIefY? ukvm;yJrIefY) ................ 127 qD;yl (ausmufz½kH) ........................................................144
qD;tdrfydwfqkdY (rkefvmO).............................................. 129 qD;csKyf (uav;) (MuufoGefeD) ....................................118
qD;wpfpufwpfpufus (MuufoGefeD) ............................40 qD;roGm; (uav;) (MuufoGefeD) ................................118
qD;wpfpufwpfpufus (MuufoGefeD) ............................45 qD;a&m*guif;a0;apzkdY ................................................ 156
qD;a&m*g (wrmoD;)........................................................51 aq;vdyfjzwf? t&ufavQmh (usef;rmzkdY) ........................17
qD;a&m*g (aumuf½kd;jyKwf? oMum;)..............................56 aq;0g;u'kwd,? pdwfomt"du ...................................18
qD;a&m*g (z&Jo;D ? oMum;)............................................63 aq;zuf0ifBuw d frSef ......................................................57
qD;a&m*g (vufzuftpkd? ausmufcsOf)..........................71 aq;pGrf;aumif;wpfvuf (eYHomjzL)..............................72
qD;a&m*g ('EÅokc)...........................................................92 aq;vnf;tpm? tpmvnf;aq; ............................... 137
qD;a&m*g (MuufoGefeD) ................................................ 118 qifclvnfjywfem (qifwkH;rEG,f) ..................................40
qD;a&m*g (ZD&mjzL) ........................................................ 118 qifclvnfjywfem (qifwHk;rEG,f) ..................................50
164
qifclvnfjywfem (pG,fawmf½Guf)............................... 100 w&dyf&dyfrl;a0 (uGrf;½Gu)f ............................................ 108

qifajcaxmuf (acG;v,m;jrpf).....................................46 wDbD (tqkwfa&m*g) (i&HUywl½Guf) ...............................69
qifajcaxmuf (r½kd; = ijzLBuD;)....................................49 wif;wdyf (uGrf;aygif;)....................................................... 4
qifajcaxmuf .............................................................. 100 wif;wdyf (tkef;rIwfcGH) .....................................................27
qifajcaxmuf (csif;)................................................... 116 wif;wdyf ('EÅokc) ...........................................................27
qifajcaxmuf (eEGif;)................................................. 125 wif;wdyf ('EÅokc) ...........................................................41
qifajcaxmuf(csif;ajcmuf? EGm;usifi,fa&) ............. 129 wif;wdyf (ijzLBuD;tap;)................................................49
qifwHk;rEG,fcsufaq; (ÓmPf&SdovkdoHk;)......................50 wif;wdyf (oyGwfcg;oD;) .................................................55
qifwkH;rEG,fvQufqm; .................................................144 wif;wdyf (axmywfoD;taph? ausmufcsOf) ..................59
qHkqkdYem (oabFmoD;tpdrf;)............................................98 wif;wdyf (y'krm® Mum½kd;)...................................................63
qHkqkdYem (aMumifyef;½Guf)............................................. 100 wif;wdyf (yifpdrf;) ...........................................................77
qHkqkdYem (MuufoeG fjzL).................................................. 116 wif;wdyf (yifv,fuopfzk) ...........................................85
qHkqkdYem (oabFmoD;) ................................................... 129 wif;wdyf (xif;½SL;ESpf) .....................................................91
wif;wdyf ........................................................................ 100
Z wif;wdyf (Muufql½u G f? bl;aph)...................................113
wif;wdyf (tom;vSoeyfcg;)...................................... 135
ZufaMumwuf (uGrf;½Guf) .............................................25 wif;wdyf (odaE¨mcJ) .......................................................143
ZufaMumwuf (a&Smuf½Guf) ..........................................27 wif;yg;tem*syfjym;BuD; (refusnf;½Guf) .......................11
ZufaMumwuf (csif;)...................................................109 wkdufzdGKuf (tla&mifief;zsm;) (yJeDav;)..........................27
Zufxkd; (uGrf;½Guf) ...................................................... 107 wkyfauG; (uGrf;½Guf) .......................................................27
Zufav; (trsKd;orD;) (aygufyef;jzL).............................93 wkyfauG; (uGrf;½Guf? csif;? xef;vsuf) ...................... 146
wkyfauG; (yifpdrf;)...........................................................81
n wkyfauG; (eEGif;rIefY) .........................................................81
wkyfxkd; (ptkd0) (BudwfrSef) .............................................89
ÓmPfaumif;ap&ef (jrif;cGm½Guf? ESrf;qD).......................40 wkyfaumif? oefaumif (uav;) (yifpdrf;)...................76
ÓmPfaumif;ap&ef (jrif;cGm½Guf) ....................................81 wpfukd,fvHk;qm;yGwfjcif; ...............................................10
ÓmPfaumif;ap&ef (jrif;cGm½Guf) ......................................5 wefaq;vGefab;.......................................................... 127
ÓmPf&nfwufzkdY (aMumifyef;) ........................................88 wdrf (rsufpd) (atmufrJjzLjrpf) .....................................103
anmif;us ('EÅokc) .........................................................92 wdrf (rsufpd) .................................................................. 149
anmif;us (awmifZD;jzL)............................................... 110 awmifvHk;jyefyif............................................................ 157
anmif;us (aMumifyef;) ............................................... 129
anmif;usqD;yl (uefpGef;½Guf)........................................85 x
anmif;ukduf (qD;aMumifh) (qifwHk;rEG,f) .....................63
anmif;ukduf (pHy,f? oMum;? oHyk&m)..........................76 xdckduf'Pf&m (&ckdifiSufaysmoD;)....................................27
n§if;? wif;wdyf (yifv,fuopfzk).................................85 xdckduf'Pf&m (ausmufcsOf)............................................78
n§if; (BudwfrSef½Guf).........................................................40 xdckduf'Pf&m ................................................................ 150
n§if; .............................................................................. 127 xdckduf&Sem (uGrf;pm;xHk;)...............................................27
nbufqD;cPcPoGm; (cHwuf) .................................82 xdcdkuf&Sem (qD;csKd&Sdol) (ukef;aA'g) ...............................70
xdckduf? zl;a&mif? taMumrsuf (oHyk&moD;)..................61
w xl;wJhtmvl; (tmvl;pdrf;azsmf&nf) ...............................77
axmywf&JUtpGrf; .............................................................61
wyifEkdifjreef;ESifh uifqm .................................................9 xdyfuyfem (Budwrf Sef½Guf) ..............................................41
165
xdyfuyfem..................................................................... 129 em&D0ufoHk;rsKd;u umuG,fEkdifwJha&m*grsm;..................16

xdyfuyfem (r½kd; = ijzLBuD;) ..........................................28 emwm&Snfa&m*gBuD;rsm; (jrif;cGm½Guf) ...........................94
xdyfajymifaomf (MuufoGefe)D ..........................................87 emwm&SnfEmS ap; ......................................................... 102
xkHusOfukdufcJ (Z0ufom? oHvGifqD)............................ 59 emwm&Snftzsm; (plvmezm)........................................103
xHkusOfukdufcJ (aoG;Ekom;Ek) (&if;jym;).........................70 em;ykd;aumif0if (qm;&nfMunf) ....................................28
xHkusOfem (a&SmufwpfvkH;aq;&nf) ............................. 97 em;jynf,kd? em;ukduf (yifpdrf;) .......................................76
xHkusOfem........................................................................143 em;jynf,dk ([if;*vm) ...................................................29
xHkempkda&m*g (qifwHk;rEG,f)...........................................51 em;jynf,dk .......................................................................101
em;tl? avxGuf (oabFm½Guf) ......................................41
' em;tl? avxGuf (aMumif&SmoD;? ½Guf) ..........................29
em;avxGuf (w½kwpf um;yGifY) ......................................41
'óepmpkrsm; (tzkd;wefaom)......................................18 em;tl? avxGuf ............................................................101
'[wfoukdif? EG,fcsKd .....................................................144 em;ukdufjcif; (csif;)....................................................... 116
'lvmrD;,yf (ausmufz½kH? xef;vsuf) ...........................28 em;ukdufjcif; (csif;)..........................................................89
'lvmrD;,yf (MuufoGeef D? xef;vsuf) ...........................28 em;ukdufjcif; (MuufoGefeD)..............................................41
'lvmrD;,yftm;wkd;aq; (&Sm;apmif;).............................52 em;ukdufjcif; (MuufoGefeD)..............................................87
'lvmrD;,yf0rf;ysuf (&Sdef;ckd) ........................................109 em;ukdufjcif; (&Sm;apmif;vufyyf) ..................................97
'lvmjrif;o½kdufem (oabFmoD;).................................. 129 em;ukduf? em;em.............................................................101
'lvmoa&m (ausmufz½kHoD;)..........................................46 em;a&m*g (ausmufcsOf) ...................................................79
'lvmoa&m (qD;jzLoD;? eEGif;O) .....................................46 em;wGif;em......................................................................101
'lvmvdyfacgif;aoG;0rf; (tifwGJrIefY) ...............................56 em;yif; ..........................................................................101
'l;em (a&SmufoD;? MuufoGefeD) .......................................70 em;av; ........................................................................ 102
'l;em? 'l;ukduf (anmifajcaxmuf) ................................ 99 ESvHk;aoG;aMumydwfEkdifw,f? tav;tyif r r, eJY ......15
'l;ukduf? cg;ukduf (csif;)...................................................89 ESvHk;ckef&yfjcif;taMumif;t&if; ......................................21
'l;ukduf? cg;ukduf (r½kd;aq;)...........................................94 ESvHk;a&m*g (acgi;f avmif;yef;)........................................11
'l;acgif;tqpftjrpfukduf (wrm)...................................28 ESvHk;a&m*g (tlaq;jcif;).................................................11
'uf ................................................................................. 101 ESvHk;a&m*g (Budwrf Sef½Guf,kd) ..........................................41
'PfaMuvdrf;aq;......................................................... 150 ESvHk;a&m*g (csif;).......................................................... 109
ESvHk;tm;aq; (om;zGm;NyD;prdcif) ............................... 129
" ESvHk;tm;aumif;ap&ef (cs&m; = ca&) .........................57
ESvHk;aoG;aMumusOf; (oHyk&moD;) ..................................29
"m;&S (ausmufcsOf) ..........................................................78 ESvHk;aoG;aMumusOf; (avmufao½Guf).........................32
"m;&S? oHpl;? acG;ukduf (ra&SmY7u G f) ................................94 ESvHk;aoG;aMumusO;f (csif;).......................................... 109
"mwfrwnfh? tqdyfoifh? wif;wdyf .................................. 4 ESvHk;aoG;wkd; (MuufoeG fjzL? ysm;&nf)............................87
"mwfrwnfh,m; (qef? eEGif;)........................................56 ESvHk;wkef (jrif;cGm½Guf? qifwHk;rEG,f) ............................41
"mwf (4)yg;n§d (qD;? 0rf;? aoG;? av)........................ 149 ESvHk;wkef pdwfajcmufcsm; (jrif;? qif) ............................50
"mwfAl;ESifhqefjyKwf (*syefenf;) .................................. 149 ESvHk;wkef? &ifckef (emewf? oMum;? ysm;).......................75
ESvHk;wkef? &ifckef? aoG;yl (u&ruf) ...............................85
e ESvHk;wkef? &ifckef (uifyGef;csOf½Guf).................................85
ESmacgif;ydwf (MuufoGefjzL) .............................................29
ezl;yl? ajczsm;vufzsm;at; (uiffyGef;csOf) ....................85 ESmacgif;ydwfteHYr& (BudwfrSef½Guf) ................................41
eEGif;cg;ESifhwnfhol? rwnfhol (aoG;wkd;).....................141 ESmacgif;ydwf (uav;) (uGrf;)........................................69
166
ESmydwf? ESmap;? ESmrTef (uav;) (uGrf;) .................... 107 ynmwkd;ap&ef (jrif;cGm½Guf? ESrf;qD)..............................40
ESmacgif;ydwf (ukuúKd½Guf) ...............................................122 yoda&mif (ysOfawmfodrf) .................................................37
ESmacgif;aoG;,dk (oabFmoD;? oMum;)..........................29 yoda&mif ..........................................................................84
ESmacgif;aoG;,kd (oHyk&moD;)...........................................46 yoda&mif ('efYovGefjrpf)...............................................113
ESmacgif;aoG;,kd (ausmufcsOf)........................................ 79 yg;pyfeH? yg;pyftem (uefpGef;½kd;eD) .................................86
ESmacgif;aoG;,kd (uefpGef;O)............................................86 yg;pyfuGJeH ('EÅokc)..........................................................92
ESmacgif;aoG;,kd (MuufoGefeD) .........................................86 yg;usdwfa&mifem (oabFmoD;pdrf;).................................98
ESmacgif;aoG;,kd ............................................................ 102 ydpyfyif ukd,fawGUaq;enf;rsm;.....................................69
ESmacgif;aoG;,kd (qD;jzLoD;).......................................... 110 yJEkdYu umuG,w f Jha&m*g.................................................22
ESmacgif;a&m*g (qm;a&aEG;jzwf) ...................................... 3 yef;*sKHrSm&SdwJh tcs (3)yg;.................................................21
ESmacgif;a&m*g (yifpdfrf;) .................................................123 yef;*sKHpm;wJholrSm rjzpfwJha&m*g.....................................21
ESmacgif;a&m*g (MuufoGefjzL) ....................................... 116 yef;em? &ifusyf? azma&mif (yJpOf;ikH) ..............................29
ESmap;? acsmif;qkd; ..........................................................41 yef;em? &ifusyf (a&Smuf? ysm;&nf) ................................29
ESmap;? acsmif;qkd; (csif;? ysm;&nf) .................................89 yef;em? &ifusyf (oabFmoD;okyf) ..................................42
ESmap; (omref) ............................................................. 102 yef;em? &ifusyf (rk½kd;½Guf) ..............................................70
ESmap;? tat;rd (csif;? ysm;&nf) ................................ 115 yef;em? &ifusyf (acG;ao;yef;yif) ..................................82
ESm&nf,dk ........................................................................ 102 yef;em? &ifusyf (awmMuufarmufaq;vdyf) ...............82
ESm½SLaq; (csif;? xef;vsuf) ........................................ 115 yef;em? &ifusyf (csif;? ysm;&nf) .....................................89
EkysKdouf&Snf (qD;jzL? zefcg;) ..........................................44 yef;em? &ifusyf (OoQpf½u G f) .........................................103
aeYpOftpm tqdyfajz (xef;vsuf) ................................. 3 yef;em? &ifusyf (yifpdrf;) ............................................. 109
aeYpOfpm;oifhaom[if;tr,f ..................................... 139 yef;em? &ifusyf (jy'g;)...................................................113
eHab;atmifh? acsmifqkd; (yifpdrf;) ................................109 yef;em? &ifusyf (tpm;avQmhpm;)................................ 153
EYkdacsmif;ydwf (om;rdcif)(i½kwf&u G f)................................56 yef;em? acsmif;qkd; (&J,dkoD;)............................................. 7
EYkdacsmif;ydwf? EkdYusdwaf &mif (uGrf;½Guf) ....................... 108 yef;em? acsmif;qkd; (ayG;ukdif;½Guf) ..................................25
EYkdacsmif;ydwf (wrm½Guf)................................................124 yef;em? acsmif;qkd; (i½kwfaumif;? ysm;).........................90
EYkdrxGuf (om;rdcif)(&Sm;apmif;vufyyf) ..................... 150 yef;em? acsmif;qkd; (csif;ajcmuf? zefcg;oD;) ................ 115
EYkdtkHa&mifwif; (uGrf;½Gu)f ............................................ 108 yef;em? acsmif;qkd; (yifpdrf;)..........................................123
EYkdtHka&mifwif;( eEGif;rIefY)...............................................124 yef;em (ausmufz½kHoD;) ..................................................41
enf;vrf;wuspm;aomufyg(usef;rmzkdY)........................16 yef;em (qD;jzLoD;)............................................................41
ESif;cl (a&ykyfajrmif;)........................................................13 yef;em (aMumifvQmyif) ....................................................41
ESif;cl (oyGwfcg;oD;)........................................................55 yef;em (MuufoGefeD?yifpdrf;? xef;vsuf)........................53
ESif;cl (ikpyf = zGm;zuf) ................................................ 103 yef;em (y'kdif;½Guf)............................................................93
ESif;clajcmuf (wrm? uGrf;½Guf).......................................32 yef;em (uefYyvlO? qifwHk;rEG,f) ................................103
ESif;cltpkd (qD;jzLoD;? 'kw¬m) ............................................33 yef;em ('efYovGejf rpf? csi;f ) ......................................... 129
ESif;cltpkd (ausmufcsOf) ...................................................78 yef;em (r½kd;? qifwHk;rEG,f) ......................................... 129
aemufaMumwuf (&Sdef;ckd? xef;vsuf) ...........................29 yef;em? avem (ausmufz½kHcg;oD;) ................................46
Ekwfcrf;uGJ (xrif;&nfql ... tjrK§ yf) .............................71 yef;EGrf;jcif; (uGrf;½Guf) ................................................ 108
EG,fcsKd ............................................................................. 151 yef;ao? yef;nd§K; (&SOfYrwufO).................................... 152
EG,fcsKd? '[wfoukdif; ....................................................144 yufvufbkdifpu,fpD;jcif;................................................ 4
yifv,ftlem? 0rf;avQ,(ysm;&nf)................................11
y ydef tqDus? tom;uspf( ausmufcsOf) ........................78
ydefcsKH;csdeJY (c&rf;csOfo;D ) ............................................... 128
167
ydefaomfolaoG;wkd;.........................................................141 r
ysm;&nfppf rppfcGJjcm;enf; ...........................................143
jynfwnfem (u&ruf) ...................................................85 rpm;aumif;aomrIdrsm;....................................................95
jynfhNzdK;pkdajytiftm;wkd;(&Sm;apmif;) ...............................57 rarmatmifawmifwufenf; ............................................ 7
ayG;? ,m;em (ydEéJap;) .....................................................29 rodvkdYao&wmyg.............................................................15
ayG;?0J?,m;em (MuufoGejf zLO wpfvHk;)..........................42 r,SOfEkdifaomaq;wpfzHk ('[wfoukdif;)....................144
ayG;?0J? ,m;em (MuufoGefjzL) .........................................45 raemr,OD;cEÅDenf; (oraxmysm;ayG;)........................42
ayG;? 0Jajcmuf (yifpdrf;)...................................................76 rtkdremaq; (Buw d frSef) ..................................................89
yGef;yJhxdckduf'Pf&m (&ckdifiSufaysm)................................27 rdepf0ufoHk;rsKd;u umuG,fay;wJha&m*g ......................15
ykd;rTm;ukduf (ausmufcsO)f ................................................78 rD;,yf'lvm (ausmufz½kHoD;? xef;vsuf) .....................28
rD;,yf'lvm (MuufoGeef D? xefvsuf).............................28
rD;,yf'lvmtm;wkd;aq; (&Sm;apmif;).............................52
z rD;,yfjzL (zvHawmifa0S;)...............................................30
rD;,yfjzL (qifwHk;rEG,f) .................................................50
zaemuf½kd;twufxGuf (qm;? uGrf;) ...........................30 rD;,yfjzL (qD;jzLoD;)..................................................... 125
zsm;? ukd,fyl (acG;ao;yef;? Muuf[if;cg;)....................90 rD;,yfaoG;qHk; (&Sm;apmif;vufyyf) ..............................30
azma&mif (&Sm;apmif;vufyyf) ...................................... 59 rD;,yfaoG;qHk; ...............................................................132
azma&mif (z&Jo;D ? oMum;)............................................63 rD;,yfaoG;vGef (qdyfzvl;yGifh) ......................................110
azma&mif (OoQpf½Guf) .................................................. 103 rD;,yfaoG;vGef .............................................................130
azma&mif (ueazmh) .....................................................109 rD;,yf (uñGwfO) ...........................................................49
azma&mif (ukuúKd) ..........................................................121 rD;,yftrsKd;rsKd; (&Sm;apmif;vufyyf) ........................... 135
azma&mif? yef;em&ifusyf (yJpdrf;ikH) ................................29 rD;,yfydefvQufqm; (qifwHk;rEG,f) ...............................51
zGwfptkdem (xef;EkdY? oyGwfcg;oD;).............................. 129 rD;zGm;p?om;tdrfukduf (&Sdef;ckd) ..................................... 109
rD;avmifem (iSufaysmoD;rSnfh) ........................................42
A rD;avmifem (BudwfreS f?yifpdrf;)........................................42
rD;avmifem (uefpGef;½Guf) ..............................................86
AdZwfyifukd,fawGU aq;enf;rsm; .................................. 69 rD;avmifemtrm&Gwf (BudwfrSef) .....................................42
Akdufatmifh (tpmrcsufí)............................................ 103 rD;avmifzk (emewf½Guf) ..................................................75
Akdufatmifh (avaMumifh) ............................................... 103 rnf;rnf;csdwfcsdwf wif;wyf( y'kr®mMum) .....................63
Akdufatmifh (pjrif;aMumihf) ............................................ 103 r*Fvm (8)yg;aq; (pdwfcsrf;omzkdY) ................................18
Akdufem? oef? wkwf (uav;) (yifpdrf;).........................76 rif;wkef;rif;tm;aq;......................................................91
AkdufavhusihfcPf;.............................................................13 rl;wl;wl;? pkdYwkdYwkdY............................................................... 3
aAmufESifh oef; (acgif;&Sd) (MuufoGefeD) .........................87 rl;a0? acgif;ukduf (uGrf;½Guf) ...................................... 107
rl;a0 (w&dyf&dyf) (uGrf;½Guf) ....................................... 108
b rl;a0 (,mOfpD;pOf) (prkefpyg;)........................................64
armarmae&if (tkef;ESJ½Guf) ............................................... 7
b&if*sDem ([if;Eke,f) ....................................................47 armyef;? &ifwkef (a&Smuf?xef;vsuf) ............................43
b&if*sDem (MoZmoD;ajcmuf).......................................... 99 armyef;? touf½SLusyf (a&SmufoD;tEk) ......................56
b&if*sDem (uGrf;½Guf) ................................................... 107 armyef;EGrf;vs (ydwfcsif;? jrif;cGm)................................104
bmomjyefol\trSmpm....................................................15 rufuavmif (Muuf[if;cg;½Guf) ..................................46
abmBuD;a&m*g ('DZ,f? ESrf;qD) ......................................55 rsufESmwGefY? ta&;taMumif;aysmufenf; ....................... 3
abmustlus (uav;) ('ef;BuD;½Guf)...........................66 rsufESmrSJYuGuf? rSJYrnf; (vufonf;ESifh) .........................12
168
rsufESmrSJYajcmuf (uGrf;? BudwfrSef) ............................... 104 rSJYajcmuf (tom;vSoeyfcg;)....................................... 135

rsufESmwpfjcrf;ao (Bu;D av;aumifaq;) ...................84 rIdawmufjcif; (ra&Smh½Guf) ...............................................94
rsufpda&m*g (wrm½Guf) ..................................................51 rIdqdyfajz (xef;vsuf? oHyk&m).......................................95
rsufpda&m*g (z&JoD;? oMum;)........................................63 rIdESifha&mrpm;aumif;aomtpmrsm;................................95
rsufpda&m*g (ausmufcsOf) ............................................. 79 rSwfÓmPf (Am'HqD) ...........................................................81
rsufpdpGef (ajcz0g;qm;yGwf) ...........................................30 rkHvmOeDu umuG,fwJha&m*g.........................................22
rsufpd,m; (qm;Muyfxkyf) .............................................30 rkwfcg;xkwfvkyfenf; (&Sm;apmif;)............................... 147
rsufpdem (&Sm;apmif;vufyyf).........................................71 rkwfBuD;a&m*g ('DZ,f? ESrf;qD) ........................................55
rsufpdem ....................................................................... 103 rkwfqdwf&dwf"m;&S (ausmufcsO)f ...................................78
rsufpdxdckdufrI (i½kwfaumif;)........................................64 a>rqdyfajz (ukef;aA'g) ...................................................... 5
rsufpdMunf? tanmif;ajy (ajce,fqD) .........................65 a>rukdufvQif (yifpdrf;)...................................................123
rsufpdwdrf (atmufrJjzLjrpf) ......................................... 103
rsufpdtjyifwdrf ............................................................. 149 ,
rsufpdaoG;jcnfwef; (caygif;a&Munf) ....................... 104
rsufpOf;aq; (ukuúKd) ................................................... 119 ,m;,Hjcif;? "mwfrwnfhjcif; (qef?eEGif;) .....................56
rsuf½kd;ukduf? Zufxkd; (uGrf;½Guf) ............................... 107 ,m;,Hjcif;? tpm;rSm;í (xef;vsuf)............................64
rsuf½kd;ukduf (uGrf;½Guf) ..................................................25 ,m;em? ayG;? 0Jajcmuf (yifpdfrf;) ....................................76
ajratmufOawG&JU pky, f ljcif; (3)yg; ..............................21 ,m;em? 0Jajcmuf (oyGwfcg;? Muuf[if;cg;) ................32
ajratmufOpm;wJhvlrSmrjzpfwJha&m*g............................22 ,m;em ayG; (ydEéJtap;)..................................................29
jrif;cGm½Guf ..................................................................... 125 ,m;em? rdwf (ca&yGifh? jrif;cGm½Guf) ...............................42
jrif;cGm½Guf ..................................................................... 139 ,m;em? oyGwfcg; ............................................................55
jrif;cGm½Gufaq;zuf0ifykH....................................................5 ,m;em (ausmufcsOf) ......................................................78
jrif;cGm½Guf (&om,e) touf&Snfaq; ........................6 ,m;em (aeZmjruf) .......................................................113
jrif;cGm½GufESifha&m*gpkH .......................................................47 ,mOfpD;pOf rl;a0atmhtH (prkefpyg;) ..............................64
jrif;o½kdufem\vu©Pm.................................................51 a,mufsm;taMumtm;enf; (&SOfhrwufO).................. 152
jrif;o½kduf? vdyfacgif; (ukef;xdu½kH;)............................53
jrif;o½kduf? vdyfacgif; (awmoyGwfcg;oD;) .................114 &
jrif;o½kduf? vdyfacgif; (c0JoD;ajcmuf) ........................ 104
jrif;o½kdufem (ukuúKd) ....................................................121 &aohBuD;OD;cEÅD (96)yg;aq;............................................50
jrif;o½kdufem (wrm).................................................... 125 &om,etouf&Snfaq; (o&ufoD;tcGH).................133
jrif;o½kdufem (oabFm½Gu)f ............................................98 a&aEG;ylavmif (oGm;wkdufaq;) ....................................31
jrif;zkem (oabFm½Guf) ................................................. 130 a&aEG;ylavmif (emewf½Guf) ...........................................75
jrpfyGm;em? tzktusdwf? uifqm....................................63 a&aEG;ylavmif (uefpGef;½Guf).........................................86
jrpfajcmufem (tqkwfa&m*g) ...................................... 104 a&zsOf; (av;em&Dyef;) ....................................................31
jrpfajcmufem (uif;yHk½Guf) ......................................... 130 a&zsOf; (awmifqD;jzL? &Sm;apmif;)................................104
jrpfajcmufem (tqkwfa&m*g) ...................................... 147 a&zsOf;a&m*g? tonf;a&m*g .......................................... 3
rdwf? ,m;em (yifpdrf;).....................................................76 a&zsOf; (csuft&uf) .......................................................31
rdwf? ,m;em (ausmufcsOf) .............................................78 a&,kef (uif;ykH½Guf) ........................................................43
rdwf? ,m;em (u&ruf) ..................................................85 a&,kef (acG;awmuf½Guf) ...............................................90
rdwf? ,m;em (ca&yGifh? jrif;cGm½Guf) ...............................42 a&,kef (oGm;wkdfufaq;) .............................................. 160
rSJY? tom;rm (oabFmyif) ...............................................60 a&m*gESifh aq;wnfhatmifay;..................................... 137
rSJYajcmuf (yifpdrf;) ............................................................77 &kd;&mtm;aq; (zkH;rodef).................................................93
169
½kd;&mtm;aq; (zD;Murf;ESifh) ............................................91 avief;ESifhvHk;0rwnfh ...................................................142

&ifckef? ESvHk;wkef (emewf? oMum;?ysm;).........................75 avief;? avjzwf .............................................................31
&ifckef? ESvHk;wkef (u&ruf) ............................................85 avief;? avjzwff (yifpdrf;).......................................... 109
&ifckef (uifyGef;csOf½Guf) ..................................................85 avjzwf (usD;tmoD;)......................................................71
&ifwkef? armyef; (a&Smuf? xef;vsuf) ..........................43 avjzwf? pum;roGuf (oyGwfcg;)................................55
&ifjynfh? &ifu,f? trl; ({u&mZf) ................................ 69 avjzwf (a&Smufaygif;&nf) ......................................... 146
&ifusyf? yef;em azma&mif (yJpOf;ikH)...............................29 avjzwfjcif;ab; uif;a0;a&; .................................. 145
&ifusyf? yef;em (a&Smuf? ysm;&nf ) ..............................29 avema&m*g (qm;rD;zkwf? eEGif;)...................................32
&ifusyf? yef;em (oabFmoD;okyf) ..................................42 avema&m*g (qD;oD;) .....................................................51
&ifusyf? yef;em (rk½kd;½Guf) ..............................................70 avema&m*g (qD;jzLoD;? EG,fcsK)d ....................................82
&ifusyf? yef;em (acG;ao;yef;½Guf) ................................82 avema&m*g (zD;Murf;iSufaysmoD;tpdrf;) .....................82
&ifusyf? yef;em (awmMuufarmufaq;vdyf) ...............82 avema&m*g (qD;jzLoD;)................................................110
&ifusyf? yef;em (csif;? ysm;&nf) .....................................89 avema&m*g (uav;) (uGrf;½Guf) ............................. 107
&ifusyf? yef;em (OoQpf½Guf) ........................................ 103 avem? yef;em (ausmufz½kHcg;oD;) ................................46
&ifusyf? yef;em (yifpdrf;) .............................................109 avem? tpmtdrf (eEGif;oHowfa&)...............................58
&ifusyf? yef;em (jy'g;)...................................................113 avaMumifhAkdufatmifh (qifwHk;rEG,f) ..........................103
&ifusyf? yef;em (tpm;avQmhpm;)................................ 153 avxkd;avatmifh (EG,fcsKd)........................................... 152
&ifusyf? acsmif;qkd; ..........................................................45 avxkd;avatmifh (qifwHk;rEG,f) ..................................71
&ifusyf (uav;) (uGrf;½Guf) ...................................... 107 avxkd;? avatmifh (uav;) (yiffpdrf;).........................76
&,farmjcif;\ tusKd;oufa&mufrI ...............................24 avaq;vQufqm; (qifwHk;rEG,f) ................................91
&Sem? xdckduf (uGrf;pm;xHk;).............................................27 av? 0rf;? qD;rSef (abmpudkif;) .....................................93
&Smapmif;vufyyfESifh csufaq;trsKd;rsKd; .........................51 avcsKyf? qD;csKd? 0rf;csKyf (ouf&if;BuD;) ........................98
&Smapmif;vufyyfcsufaq; .............................................66 avvkH;? aoG;vkH; (trsdkK;orD;)........................................96
&Smapmif;vufyyfcsufaq; (r) ..................................... 96 avcskKyf? aoG;csKyf (trsdK;orD;).......................................96
&Smapmif;vufyyfcsufaq; (usm;? r) .......................... 96 avcsKyf (MuufoGefNzL).................................................. 117
&Smapmif;vufyyfcsufaq; (usm;? r) .......................... 97 avcJ? aoG;cJ (trsdK;orD;) ..............................................96
&Smapmif;vufyyf (teEÅokccsufaq;) ...................... 147 av;zufem (aNcaxmufqm;a&pdrf) ..............................59
&Smapmif;vufyyfrS rkwfcg;xkwfvkyfenf; .................. 147 vufzsm;? aNczsm;at;? ezl;yl .........................................85
a&Tz½kHoD;u umuG,fwJha&m*g ......................................22 vufpG,f? aNcpG,fikwf (&Sm;apmif;)................................97
½kyfysKdukd,fEkaq;........................................................... 108 vdifOa&mif (ZD&mjzL).......................................................118
vdifOa&mif (ukuúKd) ........................................................122
v vdifOa&mif (wkdif;&if;aq;eHygwf - 8).........................143
vnfyif;BuD;a&m*g (&Sm;apmif;)......................................10
vlü&Sdaomtjrifh (3)yg; ....................................................21 vnfyif;BuD;a&m*g (plvmezm).......................................11
avqkdY? aoG;qkdY? tpmqkdY................................................... 3 vnfyif;BuD;a&m*g (MuufoGefjzL) ..................................45
av½SLjcif;? avpm;jcif; ...................................................... 4 vnfyif;BuD;a&m*g (aq;jrif;cGm? w½kwfpum;).........104
avwGef;tm;enf;? 0rf;csKyf (Akdufavhusifh) ...................13 vnfyif;BuD;a&m*g .......................................................130
avief; (&Sm;apmif;?qifwHk;rEG,f) ..................................43 vnfyif;uifqm ............................................................130
avief; (&Sm;apmif;? qifwHk;?ysm;)..................................51 vnfacsmif;a&m*g (oHyk&m&nf? ysm;&nf) ......................46
avief;? qD;csKd? aoG;wkd; (a&SmufoD;) ...........................65 vnfacsmif;a&m*g (csif;)............................................... 115
avief;jzpfp (zkH;rodef)....................................................93 vnfacsmif;a&m*g ........................................................ 129
avief;? aoG;wkd; (a&SmufwpfvHk;aq;&nf) ................ 97 vnfacsmif;a&m*g (uav;) (uGrf;½Guf) ..................... 107
170
vnfacsmif;em ('efYovGefjrpf).........................................46 0rf;ukduf (qD;jzL? zefcg;).............................................. 146

vnfacsmif;em ('eYfovGefjrpf).......................................113 0rf;ykyfcs0rf;Ekwfaq;....................................................131
vnfacsmif;em? acsmif;qkd; (yifpdrf;)...............................77 0rf;rSef0rf;Ekwfaq; .........................................................33
vnfacsmif;uGJem (oabFmoD;tpdrf;) ............................98 0rf;rSefawaq;ausmf (eef;wGif;oHk;)..............................33
vdyfacgif; (xdu½kH;).........................................................65 0rf;? qD;? avrSef (abmpukdif;) .....................................93
vdyfacgif; (&Sm;apmif;vufn§Kd;) ......................................66 0rf;csKyf? qD;csKyf? avcsKyf (ouf&if;BuD;)......................98
vdyfacgif; (w½kwfuefpGef;) .............................................86 0rf;csKyf? qD;0gcsKyf (uifyGef;csOf) .....................................85
vdyfacgif; (oyGwfcg;oD;).............................................. 104 0rf;csKyf (qD;jzLoD;)........................................................130
vdyfacgif; (eEGif;rIefY) ......................................................124 0rf;ysuf? 0rf;avQm (ydawmufacguf) ............................60
vdyfacgif; (aoG;yg) (MuufoGefeD)....................................45 0rf;ysuf?0rf;avQm (rif;uGwfoD;) ............................... 109
vdyfacgif; (aoG;0rf;'lvm) (tifwGJrIefY) ...........................56 0rf;avQmaysmufaq;enf;rsm;........................................33
vdyfacgif; (aoG;,kd) (uGrf;½Guf) .................................. 108 0rf;avQmyifv,ftlem (ysm;&nf) ...................................11
vdyfacgif; (jrif;o½kduf) (ukef;xdu½Hk;) ..........................53 0rf;rD;nHHh (tpmrcsufEkdifí) Akdufatmifh .......................103
vdyfacgif; (jrif;o½kduf) (awmoyGwfcg;).....................114 0rf;rD;EkHY ..........................................................................131
vdyfacgif; (tjyifxu G f) (ZD&mnKd) ................................ 118 0rf;oGm; (uav;) (uGrf;½Guf) .................................... 107
vSy0NzdK;aq; (axmywf) ...............................................53 0rf;oGm; (qdwfzvl;½Guf)..............................................110
vQmem (cHwGif;ysuf) (c&rf;csOfoD;)................................49 0rf;a&m*gaysmufaq;....................................................130
vQmem (cHwGif;ysuf) (*kHrif;) ...........................................49 0rf;ysuf ('lvmrD;,yf) (&Sdef;ckd) .................................... 109
vQmyGwfaq; (cHwGif;ysuf) (w½kwfpum;) ...................50 0rf;ouf (a&xdu½kH;).....................................................69
vQmem ............................................................................ 130 0rf;cPcPysuf (aMumifyef;½Guf) ............................. 108
vQmcifus (yifpdrf;)........................................................123 0rf;trnf;oGm;aysmufaq; ........................................131
0 o
0NzKd;vSyaq; (axmywf) ...............................................53 obm0tm;aq; (zD;Murf;ESifh)........................................91

0aomolaoG;wkd; ...........................................................141 owdynmtm;wkd;aq; (jrif;cGm? ESrf;qD) ......................40
0domcgaq; (MoZmaph) ..................................................113 orifjzL (ukuúKd) .............................................................122
0JESif;cl (a&ykyfajrmif;)......................................................13 orifjzL (BudwfreS f? zefcg;)...............................................89
0JESif;cl (oyGwfcg;oD;) .....................................................55 ovdwfuyf? acsmif;qkd; (yifpdrf;? a&Smuf) .....................34
0JESif;cltajcmuf (wrm? uGrf;½Guf) ................................32 omrefESmap; ................................................................. 102
0JESif;cltpkd (oyGwfcg; 'kw¬m)..........................................33 om;tdrfuifqm (uGrf;½Guf) ...........................................13
0Jajcmuf? ,m;em (oyGwfcg;? Muuf[if;cg;) ................32 om;tdrfuifqm.............................................................132
0Jajcmuf? ayG; (yifpdrf;)...................................................76 om;tdrfavQmem (acG;v,m;jrpf) ..................................47
0Jtpkd (a&eHacs;? razmufxHk;)........................................70 om;tdrfukduf (rD;zGm;p) (&Sdef;ckd) .................................. 109
0ufjcHaysmufaq;enf;rsm;..............................................33 om;tdrfa&mif (ZD&mnKd) .................................................118
0ufjcHaysmufaq;enf;rsm;..............................................84 om;tdrfacgif;uRH ............................................................132
0ufjcH (jrif;cGm½Guf) ..........................................................47 om;tdrfus (vufcsm;? ausmufcsOf) .......................... 135
0ufjcH (tom;vSoeyfcg;) ........................................... 135 om;tdrftvHk; (rkwfuJaq;) ....................................... 152
0rf;ukdufa&m*gaysmufaq;enf;rsm;..............................33 om;onfrdcifEkdYacsmif;ydwf (i½kwf½Guf) ..........................56
0rf;ukduf? 0rf;avQm (a&aEG;? ysm;)................................56 om;onfrdcifEYkdacsmif;ydwf (&J,dk½Guf) ............................57
0rf;ukduf (kiss me quick)...........................................75 om;onfrdcifEkdYrxGuf (7Sm;apmif) .............................. 150
0rf;udkuf (rD;uGif;*rkef;) ................................................ 95 om;zGm;NyD;prdcifESvHk;tm;ay;aq; ............................. 129
171
om;zGm;vG,faq; (oabFmoD;tpdrf;) ........................132 aoG;wkd; .........................................................................141

om;jrwfukdufaysmufaq;............................................132 aoG;wkd; (avmufao½Guf) .............................................32
aoewf'Pf&m (ausmufz½kHoD;)....................................10 aoG;wkd; (awmifqD;jzL) ...................................................35
oHpl;? "m;&S (ra&Smh½Guf) ..................................................94 aoG;wkd; (eEGif;cg;? ysm;&nf) ...........................................35
oHpl; ..............................................................................131 aoG;wkd; (MuufoGefjzL? ysm;&nf) ....................................87
oHpl; (oMum;rIdif;)........................................................159 aoG;wkd; ('eYfovGef) ........................................................92
oHcsaq; (oabFmaph).....................................................34 aoG;wkd; ('EÅokc).............................................................92
oHcsaq; (emewfoD;? ysm;&nf) .....................................75 aoG;wkd; (eEGif;cg;)...........................................................92
oef? wkwf (uav;) (yifpdrf;) .......................................76 aoG;wkd; (abmpukdif;).....................................................93
oef;? abmuf (acgif;) (MuufoGefeD) ..............................87 aoG;wkd; (jrif;cGm).............................................................94
ouf&Snfusef;rm (qifwHk;rEG,f) ...................................34 aoG;wkd; ({u&mZf? rifaomf? jrif;cGm) ......................... 105
ouf&Snfusef;rm (qifwHk;rEG,f) ...................................91 aoG;wkd; (0aomol).......................................................141
ouf&Snfusef;rm (ik? tkef;ESJ? qifwHk;) ..........................34 aoG;wkd; (ydefaomol) ....................................................141
ouf&Snfusef;rm .......................................................... 105 aoG;wkd; (oHyk&maph)......................................................141
oufwhH (&ckdifiSufaysmoD;) .............................................34 aoG;wkd;? avief;? qD;cdsK (a&SmufoD;) ...........................65
oifhawmfwJhtm;upm;vkyfyg (usef;rmzkdY) ......................17 aoG;wkd;? avief; (a&SmufwpfvHk;aq;)........................97
onf;ajcxJuausmuf (rJZvDjrpf)...................................9 aoG;wkd;ESifhtqDus (auGumtkyf)..................................22
onf;ajczsm;(yifpdrf;).....................................................123 aoG;wkd; (eEGif;cg;wnfhol^rwnfhol)...........................141
onf;ajcaMumifhjzpfaoma&m*g (wrm½Guf) .................124 aoG;wkd;ESifhvHk;0rwnfh ..................................................142
onf;ajcysufa&m*gaysmufaq;...................................131 aoG;wkd;ESifhrSefuefaomowd&SdrI ...................................142
odyÜHynm&SifawGtBuHjyKwJh rdepf0uf(3)rsKd; ...................15 aoG;csKd? qD;csKd (eHYomeDrIefY) ................................................ 5
odyÜHynm&SifawGtBuHjyKwJh rdepf0uf(3)rsKd; ...................16 aoG;aMumusOf; (csif;).................................................. 109
odrfjzLq&mawmfMo0g' .................................................156 aoG;yspfcRJwwfwJhvlpm; ................................................23
oGm;ukduf (MuufoGefeD) ..................................................86 aoG;yspfa&m*g (uefpGef;½kd;eD) ..........................................13
oGm;ukduf (rmvumacguf? eEGif;).................................35 aoG;tm;wkd;aq; (axmywf).........................................53
oGm;ukduf (&J,dkoD;jym) ...................................................55 aoG;Ekom;Ek? xHkusOfukdufcJ (&if;jym;) ..........................70
oGm;ukduf (uyfap;ESJoD;)................................................55 aoG;om;rrSef (pHy,f? oMum;? oHy&k m)........................76
oGm;ukduf? oGm;em (eEGif;)..............................................58 aoG;0rf;? vdyfacgif;? 'lvm (tifwGJrIefY) ..........................56
oGm;ukduf? oGm;em (csif;)................................................89 aoG;0rf;? aoG;tH (uefpGef;O).........................................86
oGm;ukduf? oGm;ykd;pm; (ausmufcsOf? y½kwf) ................ 79 aoG;0rf;? aoG;tH (rD;uGif;*rkef;) ...................................95
oGm;ukduf? oGm;zkH;a&mif ('EÅokc) ..................................92 aoG;0rf; (uefpeG f;½dk;eD) ...................................................86
oGm;a&m*g (iydvufav;opf)........................................35 aoG;0rf; (qD;jzLoD;)......................................................110
oGm;a&m*g (wrm½kd;)........................................................56 aoG;qkHk; (&Sm;apmif;vufyyf) ...................................... 135
oGm;zkH;a&mif (xHk;) ...........................................................55 aoG;qkHk; (rD;,yf) (&Sm;apmif;)........................................30
oGm;zHk;a&pD;urf;NydKaoG;xGuf (ausmufcsOf).................74 aoG;qkHk; (rD;,yf) ...........................................................132
oGm;zHk;aoG;,kd (uefpGef;½kd;eD) ..........................................86 aoG;tH? aoG;ouf (c&rf;csOfoD;)..................................35
aoG;wkd; (puúLyef;)..........................................................36 aoG;uifqm (rD;uGif;*rkef;)............................................35
aoG;wkd; (qD;jzL? zefcg;) ..................................................36 aoG;uifqm (BudwfrSef) ............................................... 127
aoG;wkd; (MuufoGefjzL)....................................................45 aoG;yg? acsmif;qkd; (zkH;rodef) ..........................................60
aoG;wkd; (c&myif) ............................................................49 aoG;qkdY? avqkdY? tpmqkdY................................................... 3
aoG;wkd; ({u&mZf) ......................................................... 69 aoG;vHk; (r½kd;yGifh? ESrf;qD) ...............................................94
aoG;wkd; (puúLyef;)..........................................................11 aoG;vHk;? avvkH; (trsKd;orD;)........................................96
172
aoG;csKyf? avcsKyf (trsKd;orD;)...................................... 96 tpmtdrf? tlodrfOD;tem (EkdukdO)....................................76

aoG;cJ? avcJ (trsKd;orD;) ............................................. 96 tpmtdrf? ava&m*g (eEGif;oHowfa&).........................58
aoG;? avn§daq;...........................................................132 tqkwf (wDbD) (i&HUywl½Guf) .........................................69
aomufp&mt&nf (6)rsKd; (usef;rmzkdY) ...........................21 tqkwf (wDbD) ..............................................................104
tqkwf (wDbD) (uav;) (uGrf;½Guf) ........................ 107
O^t tqkwf (wDbD) ..............................................................143
tqkwf (wDbD) ............................................................. 147
Oayu©muAsm ...................................................................19 tqkwfa&m*gppfwrf; ................................................... 146
OD;aESmuftm;aq; (Am'HoD;? ysm;&nf) ...........................81 tqpftjrpfukduf (wrmaph) ..........................................28
OD;aESmuftm;aq; (Am'HoD;? axmywf).........................81 tqpftjrpfxHkusOfukdufcJ (Z0ufom)..........................59
OD;aESmuftm;aq; (ZD&mndK)......................................... 118 tqpfukduf (wrm).......................................................124
OD;aESmuftm;aq; (yef;oD;,kd).....................................134 tqpfa&mif (w½kwpf um;yGifh) .......................................59
OD;aESmufemusOfukdufcJ (csif;ajcmuf) ...........................134 tqpfa&mif (Muuf[if;cg;oD;tEk) ...............................88
OD;acgif;&Sdykd; (wrm7Guf).................................................124 tqpftjrpfa&mif (csif;) .................................................89
taMuma&m*g (aqmif;ESif;&nf) .....................................11 tqpfa&mif (yifpdrf;) ................................................... 109
taMuma&m*g (Budwrf Sef½Gufokwf).................................43 tqpfa&mif (csif;ajcmuf? qifwHk;rEG,f).....................132
taMumwuf (&Sdef;ckd?xef;vsuf) ....................................29 tqDeJYaoG;wkd;us (auGumtkyf) ....................................22
taMumwufcg;em (ouf&if;BuD;) .................................66 tqDwkd;usap&ef (a7SmufwpfvHk;aq;)........................97
tusdwfrsm; (yifpdrf;).......................................................76 tqDus? tom;uspfydef (ausmufcsOf) ..........................78
tusdwfvHk;? tzkvHk; (ausmufcsOf? ysm;)...................... 79 tqdyfoifhjcif;? "mwfrwnfhjcif; (wif;wdyf) ................... 4
tukduftcJaysmuf (ausmufcsOfrD;azmuf)....................63 tqdyfoifhjcif; (uefpGef;½Guf) .........................................86
tcsoHk;yg; (yef;*sKH)...........................................................21 tqdyf&Sdykd;rTm;ukduf (ausmufcsO)f ..................................78
tckd;ydwf? taMumwif; (uGrf;½kd;)...................................57 tqdyf&Sdykd;rTm;ukduf (MuufoGefe)D ..................................87
tpm;vnf;aq;? aq;vnf;tpm.............................. 137 twufa&m*g (oHyk&moHowf&nf)................................59
tpmqkdY? aoG;qkdY? avqkdY................................................... 3 tanmif;ajy? taMumajy (ajce,fqD) ..........................65
tpmtqdyfajzyg (xef;vsuf) .......................................... 3 temrD; (ausmufrD;aoG;).................................................. 7
tpmtqdyfjzpfvQif (ra&Smh½Guf) .....................................94 temrD;? tempuf (½Gufusyifayguf) ............................36
tpmrSm;í ,m;,Hjcif; (xef;vsuf) ..............................64 temrD;? temvQH (i&HUywl½Guf).......................................69
tpmrSm;? trl;a&m*g ({u&mZfjrpf)............................... 69 teEÅokccsufaq; (&Sm;apmif;vufyyf) ..................... 147
tpmraMucHwGif;ysuf (EkdukdO)........................................76 temayguf? xdckduf'Pf&m ........................................... 150
tpmraMu (uav;) (uGrf;½Guf) ................................ 107 temayguf ........................................................................43
tpmtdrftemaygufjcif; (EkdukdO) ....................................76 temayguf (ijzLBu;D tap;) ............................................50
tpmtdrfuifqm (aq;tkd;ykwf) ...................................132 temayguftkHaq; ........................................................104
tpmtdrfopf (ukuúKd).................................................... 120 temayguf (MuufoGefjzL) ............................................ 116
tpmtdrfa&m*g (oabFmoD;rSnfh)....................................36 temayguf (qD;csKdaMumifh) (qdyfzvl;).........................110
tpmtdrfa&m*g (oabFm½Guf? EG,fcsKd) ............................36 tema[mif;? temaqG; ('EÅokc) ..................................92
tpmtdrfa&m*g (eEGif;pdrf;O? ysm;&nf) ...........................36 tema[mif;? temaqG; (rD;uGif;*rkef;).........................96
tpmtdrfa&m*g (eEGif;rIefY?uGrf;pm;xHk;) ..........................36 tema[mif;? temaqG; (&Sm;apmif;) .............................97
tpmtdrfa&m*g (iSufaysmoD;pdrf;) ..................................43 tema[mif; (acG;awmuf½Guf) ......................................90
tpmtdrfa&m*g (eEGif;O? ysm;&nf) ..................................43 tem*syfjym;BuD; (refusnf;½GufMuyfxkyf) .....................11
tpmtdrfa&m*g (eEGif;O? ysm;&nf) ..................................46 temyqkyf (xdu½kH;).......................................................53
tpmtdrfa&m*g (eEGif;cg;)................................................92 temref; (emewf½u G )f .....................................................75
173
tema&mif&rf;jcif; (acG;ao;yef;) ..................................90 trsKd;orD;aoG;cJ? avcJ ...................................................96

temvHk;BuD;rsm; (yifpdrf;)................................................76 trsKd;orD; rD;,yfaoG;vGefem (qdyfzvl;)...................110
tem? tzk? tusdwf (ausmufcsOf? ysm;&nf) ................ 79 ta&jym;a&m*g (r½kd;? ysm;&nf) ......................................94
tylusdwf (eEGif;cgO)........................................................72 ta&jym;a&m*g (MuufoGefjzL) ..................................... 116
tylusdwf (uefpeG f;½kd;eD) ..................................................86 ta&jym;a&m*g (ukuúKd) .................................................122
tylavmifem (iSufaysmoD;rSnfh) .....................................56 ta&jym;a&m*g (yifpdrf;)...............................................123
tylavmifem (rD;uGif;*rke;f ).......................................... 95 ta&;tMumif;ESifh rsufESmwGefYwm ................................... 3
tylBuD;í tysif;zsm; (u&ruf) ....................................85 t&ufavQmh? aq;vdyfjzwf (usef;rmzkdY) ........................17
tylacsmif;ajcmuf ('EÅokc).............................................92 t&ufrl;vGef (ra&Smh½Guf)................................................94
tysKd ttkd tvScsufaq; (&Sm;apmif;)....................... 136 t½kd;BuD;aygif; (a&Smuf½Guf? Muuf[if;cg;)...................61
tjyifwdrf (rsufpd) ........................................................ 149 t½kd;BuD;aygif; (yifpdrf;)...................................................76
tzkd;wefaom'óepmpkrsm;...........................................18 t½kd;twufxGuf (qm;? uGrf;½Guf) ..............................30
tzktusdwf (&ckdifiSufaysmoD;) ......................................34 t½kd;usKd;tuf? tqpfvGJ (qifwHk;)................................36
tzktusdwf (uifqm - jrpfyGm;em) (y½kwf) .................63 tav;tyif r r, eJY ESvHk;aoG;aMumydwfr,f..............15
tazmusaq; (ukef;xdu½kHk;) ........................................53 tom;rm? uGJtuf (qD) ..................................................26
tazma&m*g (aMumifyef;? ouf&if;BuD;).......................88 tom;rm (wrm½Guf? *sKHrIefY) ...........................................60
tazmta&mif (plvmezm? ueazmh)............................133 tom;rm (oabFmyif) ....................................................60
tazmta&mif (ausmufuyf) ...................................... 151 tom;ywf? tom;uGJ (&Sm;apmif;)................................37
tzsOf;a&mifa&m*g (ukuúKd) ............................................121 tom;ywf (vdar®mfcGH)....................................................133
tzsm;aysmuftm;aq; (vif;ae).................................. 97 toHxGufpmzwfjcif; (urÇmYenf;vrf;)........................... 7
tzsm;jzwfaq; (tifMuif;qifh) ................................... 101 toH0if? toHuyf ('efYovGefjrpf) .................................46
tzsm;cRJyl (rif;uGwfoD;).............................................. 110 toH0if? toHrxGuf (i½kwfaumif;? ysm;&nf).............90
tzsm;av;rsKd; (a&cJtkyfoifh^roifh) .............................141 toH0if? toHysuf........................................................ 105
tzsm;a&m*gESihfqm; ........................................................10 toH0if? toHuyf (jynfyef;nKd) ................................. 108
tjzLqif; (zD;Murf;? oMum;)..........................................67 toH0if? toHysuf (csif;) ............................................ 115
tjzLqif; (pHy,f? oMum;? oHyk&m)...............................76 toH0if? toHysuf (MuufoGefjzL)............................... 117
tjzLqif; ('EÅokc)...........................................................92 touf&Snfaq; (Buw d frSef)............................................43
tbkd;BuD;rsm; armarmae&if (tkef;ESJ½Guf) .......................7 touf&Snfaq; (jrif;cGm)...............................................43
trm&Gwf (Budwrf Sef) ........................................................42 touf&Snfaq; (axmywf) ..........................................53
trm&Gwf (jrif;cGm? BudwfrSef) ..........................................43 touf&Snfaq; (o&ufoD;pdrf;tcGH) ..........................133
trm&GwftjzLuGuf (BudwfrSef) .......................................88 touf&SnfEkysKd (qD;jzL? zefcg;) ......................................44
trl;a&m*g (tpmrSm;) ({u&mZf) .................................. 69 touf½SLusyf? armyef; (a&SmufoD;Ek) ..........................56
trl;aysmufaq; (csif;? ysm;&nf) ................................ 150 touf½SLr0 (emewf? oMum;? ysm;).............................75
tarma&m*g (jrif;cGm? ydwfcsi;f )....................................134 touf½SLusyf (uav;) (uGrf;½Guf) .......................... 107
tjrifh (3)yg; (vlü&Sd) ........................................................21 toufBuD;trsKd;om;tm;enf;a&m*g.......................... 109
tNrHKaysmufaq; (rkefnif;aph) ......................................133 toufBuD;olrsm; pm;r0if? tdyfraysmf ............................ 4
trsKd;orD;tjzLqif; (zD;Murf;? oMum;).........................67 tonf;a&mif? tom;0g (qD;jzL? zefcg;)........................36
trsKd;orD;tom;ta&,m;? trnf;uGuf .....................88 tonf;a&mif? tom;0g ('ef;BuD;).................................37
trsKd;orD;ukdufcJ?acgif;tkH (aygufyef;jzL).......................93 tonf;a&mifESifh a&zsOf;a&m*g......................................... 3
trsKd;orD;a&m*g (ouf&if;BuD;) .....................................98 tonf;a7mif (ukuúKd) .................................................. 120
trsKd;orD;aoG;vHk;? avvHk; ........................................... 96 tonf;a&mif .................................................................144
trsKd;orD;aoG;csKyf? avcsKyf........................................... 96 tonf;BuD;a&m*g (oabFmoD;)...................................133
174
tonf;BuD;a&m*g (ay½Guf)............................................64 tm;enf; (oufBuD;trsKd;om;) (&Sdef;ckd) ...................... 109

tonf;a&m*g? bDykd; (awmifZD;jzL) ..................................7 tlaq;jcif; (ESvHk;a&m*g) .................................................11
tonf;ajcmuf (&Sm;apmif;vufyyf)..............................65 tla&mifief;zsm; (wkdufzdGKuf) (yJeDav;)..........................27
tonf;tqDzHk; (csif;)..................................................109 tlusa&m*g (Budwrf Sef½Guf,dk) .........................................44
tom;0g (pyg;vif)..........................................................37 tlus? abmus (uav;) ('efBuD;½Guf) .........................66
tom;0g (pyg;vif)..........................................................50 tlusa&m*g ...................................................................133
tom;0g (qifwHk;rEG,f? 'defcsOf).....................................50 atmhtHrl;a0 (,mOfpD;pOf) ...............................................64
tom;0g (uifyeG f;csOf).....................................................85 atmhtHacsmif;qdk; (yifpdrf;) .......................................... 109
tom;0g (ikBuD; - zGm;zuf)............................................90 tiftm;jynfhNzdK;tvSwkd; (pHy,f? ESi;f qD) .......................76
tom;0g ....................................................................... 105 tiftm;jynhfNzdK;pkdajy (&Sm;apmif;) ...................................57
tom;0g (awmifqD;jzL)................................................ 110 tifMuif;qifhtzsm;jzwfaq; ........................................101
tom;0g (eEGif;).............................................................124 tufpy&if (Aspirin) awG raomufMuygeJYawmh .......23
tom;0g (jrif;cGm? c0JoD;ajcmuf) .................................133 tufppfylavmif (uGrf;½Guf? oMum;)............................37
tom;0g (rufvifcsOf) ..................................................143 tdE´d,ESifhwrm................................................................123
tom;0g (ukef;xdu½Hk;)................................................144 tkef;rIwfcGufeif;enf; ................................................. 155
tom;ta&pkdajy&ef (aygufyGifh) .....................................93 tkef;rIwfcGufeif;vQif a&Smif&rnfhudpö ......................... 155
tat;rd?ESmap; (csif;? ysm;&nf) .................................. 115 tkef;rIwfcGufeif; aysmufuif;a&m*grsm;..................... 155
taxGaxGa&m*grsm; (awmifvHk;jyef) ..........................159 tdyfraysmf pm;r0ifa7m*grsm;............................................ 4
tmoD;a&mif (ysOf;awmfodrf)...........................................37 tdyfraysmfvQif (axmywf) ..............................................53
tmoD;a&mif......................................................................84 tdyfraysmfvQif ('efYuRJ½Gu)f ..............................................71
tmoD;a&mif ('efYovGefjrpf) ..........................................113 tdyfraysmfwJha&m*g (ausmufcsOf) ...................................79
tmvl;pdrf;azsmf&nf ..........................................................77 tdyfraysmf? ESvkH;wkef&ifckef ..............................................85
tm;wkd;aq; (MuufoeG feDaph) .........................................45
tm;wkd;aq; (zD;Murf;ESifh ...)..........................................50
tm;wkd;aq; (rif;wkef;rif;)............................................91
tm;wkd;aq; (MuufoGefjzL) ......................................... 117
tm;ukefvQif (zefcg;oD;)............................................... 110
o Q o Q o
175
176
" pmudk; "
(1) plvmezmESifh aq;enf;aq;yifrsm; (1) - om*'dk;

(2) plvmezmESifh aq;enf;aq;yifrsm; (2) - om*'dk;
(3) usef;usef;rmrmtouf ... 100? pmtkyf (1) - armifarmifvdIif (tyfpdkufuk)
(4) usef;usef;rmrmtouf ... 100? pmtkyf (2) - armifarmifvdIif (tyfpdkufuk)
(5) jrefrmhaq;NrD;wkdrsm; - ae0if; (vef'ef)
(6) ½Guf? acguf? jrpf? oD; aq;enf;(1000)? wkdif;&if;jrefrmtdrfokH;aq;rsm; - OD;vScif (qef;ñGefYOD;)
(7) rD;zkdacsmifrS aq;pGrf;aumif;rsm; (yxrwGJ) .../ - OD;vScif (qef;ñGefYOD;)
(8) rD;zkdacsmifrS aq;pGrf;aumif;rsm; ('kwd,wGJ) .../ - OD;vScif (qef;ñGefYOD;)
(9) aq;NrD;wkda&mifjcnf(1) - eu©wåa&mifjcnfr*¾Zif;? pmwnf;tzJGU
(10) aq;NrD;wkda&mifjcnf (2) - eu©wåa&mifjcnfr*¾Zif;? pmwnf;tzGJU
(11) aq;NrD;wkda&mifjcnf (3) - eu©wåa&mifjcnfr*¾Zif;? pmwnf;tzGJU
(12) azGazG&Sm&Smwdkif;&if;aq;ynm - a'gufwmatmifEdkif (aq;okawoe)
(13) a&m*gokw? aq;okw - a'gufwmatmifEkdif (aq;okawoe)
(14) vufawGUtoHk;0if ½kd;&maq;yifESifh aq;enf;rsm; .../ - armif,OfEG,f
(15) touf&Snf&m temrJhaMumif; aq;pGrf;aumif;rsm; - q&mBuD;OD;csrf;
(16) aq;zuf0ifuGrf;wpf½GufESifh taray;aomaq;enf;wkdrsm; - OD;cefYausmf
(17) yGJawGUukxHk; - atmifukdEkdif
(18) pm;yifoHk;yif aq;zuf0if - OD;vS'if
(19) ckepfaeYom;orD;rsm; xkdokdYjzpfvQif þokdYvkyfyg .../ - okawoDjrifhxGef;
(20) trsKd;orD;a&m*g odaumif;p&mESifh umuG,fukoenf;rsm; - q&mjrifh (pMumrif;)
(21) rpm;wwfvQifab;jzpfonfESifh trsKd;orD;rsm;vufpGJ - aroBuFef (ynma&;)
(22) aq;ukd&Sm tpmrSmawGU - 0PÖrmvm B.A (History)
(23) qD;csKdqkdaom xkda&m*g - rauG;0if;jrifh
(24) aoG;wkd;? avjzwf? OD;aESmufaMumjywf&jcif; taMumif;&if; - rauG;0if;jrifh
(25) vlxJuaq;ynm - rauG;0if;jrifh
(26) uRefawmfESifhaq;avmu? aq;avmuESifhuRefawmf - rauG;0if;jrifh
(27) usef;usef;rmrm? csrf;csrf;omom - rauG;0if;jrifh
(28) tkef;rIwfcGufeif; a&m*guif; - rauG;0if;jrifh
o Q o Q o
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r oHk;

• wif;ykyf? wJukyfxJwGifaeNyD; ...

tcsKdUaom jrefrmaq;NrD;wdkrsm;onfa&m*ga0'emrsm;udk tvG,fwul oufomaysmufuif;aponf[k rD'D,m

,if;uJhodkY toHk;jyKrIaMumifh acgif;rl;í rtDromjzpfonfh a0'emukdcHpm;&um taemufwkdif;aq;ay;cef;

plvmezmeJY ywfoufvkdY om*'kd;u a&m*gawG awmfawmfaysmufuif;aMumif; a&;xm;wmeJY ywfoufNyD;

'gqkd&if azmfjyyg owif;aqmif;yg;rSmygwJh plvmezm aomufoHk;rIaMumifh aq;cef;awGukd a&mufvmwJh vlem

'gqkd&if jrefrmEkdifiHrSm&SdwJh aq;jrD;wdkpmtkyfaygif; ajrmufrsm;pGma&;wJh pma&;ol awmfawmfrsm;rsm;[m

*sme,fwpfapmifrSm rsufpda&m*gtwGuf uGrf;uyfwm tEÅ&m,fygvkdY a&TbHkomtxl;ukaq;cef;u

þokdY ... uGrf;uyfí rsufpd'D*&Dcs&efukd oifjyay;olrSm jrefrmwkdif;&if;aq;orm;awmfBuD;

awGukdawmifrS rdrdwkdYbmom t½GufjyKwfaomuf&if; t&nfn§pfaomuf&if;eJY aysmufuif;oifhoavmuf

(u) aoG;? avrsm; vIyf&Sm;vmNyD; ukd,fta&jym;rsm; eDjref;vmwwfjcif;/

xkdokdY jzpfay:cJhvQif pm;aeus aq;tcsdeftqudk avQmhpm;oifhonf/

1/ (eEGif;cg;ESifhysm;&nf) = eEGif;cg;aq;vHk;ü ysm;&nfajcmufcef;jcif;/ "mwfaysmufjcif;wdkY jzpfvQif ysm;&nfu

2/ bkr®&mZmwdkY? eEGif;cg;wdkY? qifwkH;rEG,fwdkY? 0gZDu&PwdkY? eHYomeDwdkY? EG,fcsKwd dkY? rjcpfO ponfwdkYrSm

vlawGxJu ... vlaygif;ajrmufrsm;pGmu azmfxkwfa&;om;wJh ]]jrefrmaq;NrD;wkd}} pmtkyfaygif; rsm;pGmukd

aqGpOfrsKd;quf ... aq;rSwfpkxkwfol ...

uvkdifokwfonf (rvkdifokwfonf) = aMu;tkfd;? aMu;cGufrsm;ukd okwfvdrf;aom oHjzLrvdkif (tdEd´,)/

qifwHk;rEG,f = qiforEG,f = qifpmrEG,f = qif½kd;rEG,f = qifidkrPd/

jrpfcsif;NyD; = tjcm;aq;tr,f a&mpGwf&efrvkdbJ aq;tr,f wpfrsKd;wnf;jzifh a&m*g

(1) plvmezmESifhaq;enf;aq;yifrsm; (1)

1/ plvmezmESifh aysmufuif;aoma&m*grsm; ...

2/ uGrf;½GufESifh aysmufuif;aoma&m*grsm; ...

(2) rsufpda&m*g? a&wdrfa&m*g ...

(3) em;xdkif;? em;av;a&m*g ...

vkyfvQiftusifh ygoGm;NyD; qufumqufum vkyfjzpfoGm;um {uefem;yif;awmhrSm jzpfygonf/ em;xJrS tm½kHcH?

(4) tmacgiftzka&m*g? vQmemusifylavmifa&m*g? oGm;zkH;ckH;xem ...

(5) acgif;ukdufrsm;wJha&m*g ...

(6) vdyfacgif;ESifh vdyfacgif;aoG;,dkqif;a&m*g ...

(7) vdyfacgif;aysmufaq;enf; (ae0if;vef'efpmtkyfrS)

(8) a,musfm;tlusa&m*g ...

3/ ajcz0g;qm;yGwfjcif;ESifh aysmufuif;aoma&m*grsm; ...

(2) aysmufuif;aoma&m*grsm; ...

(c) ajcz0g;at;NyD; cPcPzsm;wwfaoma&m*gaysmufí ajcz0g;jyefaEG;vmNyD; ... ajctdwfr0wf&awmhyg/

4/ tpmpm;pOf jzpfwwfwJh rl;wl;wl;? qkdYw kdYwkdYa&m*g (tpmqkdY? aoG;qkdY? avqkdY) ...

5/ ajcuGJemESifh anmifap; ...

6/ aeYpOf tpmtqdyfawG ajzMuyg (xef;vsuf) ...

7/ rsufESmwGefYwm? ta&;taMumif;jzpfwm aysmufenf; ...

8/ tonf;a&m*gESifh a&zsOf;a&m*g jzpfjcif; ...

9/ ESm&nfpdk&TJa&m*g? ESmacgif;a&m*gESifh qm;a&aEG;jzwfoef;enf; ...

yxr qm;&nfrSm t0ifcuf? txGufcuf jzpfaeaomffvnf; rMumrSDyif atmufESmacgif;aygufrS qm;&nfwpfpuf?

10/ tqdyfoifhjcif;? "mwfrwnfhjcif;ESifh wif;wdyf ...

11/ toufBuD;olrsm; pm;r0if? tdyfraysmfa&m*gESifh av&SLjcif;? avpm;jcif; ...

12/ yufvufbdkifpu,fpD;jcif;ESifh ajcaxmuftjrifhwGifxm;jcif; ...

13/ qD;csKd? aoG;csKda&m*gESifh eHYomeDrIefY? qefaq;&nf ...

14/ ukef;aA'gESifh a>rqdyfajz ...

15/ ÓmPf&nfwufzdkY jrif;cGm½Guf ...

16/ jrif;cGm½Guf aq;zuf0ifykH ...

xuf0uf usefu ¤if;aq;&nf wpfaeY okH;ZGef; aomufay;&\/

tzktyddrfh? Elem? c½koif;? temayguf? temrD;vQH? ajcaovufao? ajcvuftaMumjywf? ½kyfysKdukd,fEk? ayghyg;vsifjref?

20/ temrD;ESifh ausmufrD;aoG; ...

21/ tbdk;BuD;rsm; armarmae&if tkef;ESJ (= OESJ = OEéJ) ½Gufaomuf ...

22/ acsmif;qdk;? yef;emESifh &J,dkoD;? ysm;&nf ...

acwfpm;aeygw,f/ (pm? 179)

(2) plvmezmESifhaq;enf;aq;yifrsm; (2)

1/ aq;bk&ifplvmezmESifh aysmufuif;aoma&m*grsm; ...

2/ onf;ajcxJu ausmufaMuenf;ESifh rJZvDtjrpf? tkef;&nf ...

4/ iSufzsm;ESifh &Sdef;cdk? uGrf;½Guf? aeZmjruf? Muyfcdk; ...

6/ wpfudk,fvHk; qm;yGwfjcif;ESifh udk,fwGif;"mwfaiGU oefYpifenf; ...

plvmezmeJY ywfoufvkdY om'kd;u a&mgawG awmfawmfaysmufuif;aMumif; a&;xm;wmeJY ywfoufNyD;

sme,fwpfapmifrSm rsufpda&mgtwGuf uGrf;uyfwm tEÅ&m,fygvkdY a&TbHkomtxl;ukaq;cef;u

(2) rsufpda&mg? a&wdrfa&mg ...

(4) tmacgiftzka&mg? vQmemusifylavmifa&mg? oGm;zkH;ckH;xem ...

8/ tonf;a&mgESifh a&zsOf;a&mg jzpfjcif; ...

9/ ESm&nfpdk&TJa&mg? ESmacgif;a&mgESifh qm;a&aEG;jzwfoef;enf; ...

19/ plvmezmESifh uefYuvm (efYvm) jcm;em;csuf ...

wpfcsKdUvlawG a&mg&vG,fw,f/ wpfcsKdUusjyefawmh tvG,fwul a&mg rjzpfbl;/ 'g[m pdwftajctaeeJY

6/ yef;sKHpm;wJhvlrSm rjzpfwJha&mg ...

9/ iSufzsm;a&mgESifh kH;cg; ...