7.

1 Expanding Theory of the

Atom

Lorena María Wheelock Gutiérrez

 Electrons don’t behave like other objects, they are too small, they
move so fast, and they seem to be in perpetual motion.

The Atomic Model Through Years

1913
1911
1803 1897

Dalton’s Model Thomson’s Model

Rutherford’s Bohr’s Atomic
Model Model

Today’s Model
 Protons and neutrons form
the center of the atom, and
electrons are distributed
around the nucleus.

Modern Atomic Model

Electrons with the most

energy are farther from the
nucleus and occupy the
outermost energy level
P: +
E: -
(1885-1962) When he was 28 he developed his atomic
theory. Then 9 years later he received the
Nobel Price in Physics for this work.
His basic ideas of his theory were:
–Electrons move around the atom’s
nucleolus in circular paths called orbits.
-Orbits are definite distances from the
nucleus and represent energy levels that
determine the energies of the electrons.
-The nearest orbits to the nucleus have
Niels Bohr
less energy and the farthest have more

Bohr’s Atomic Theory energy.

-If electrons absorb energy they move to
another energy level, a highest one, so
when the drop to a lower energy level, the
energy is release.
-Energy is absorbed and given off in
definite amounts called quanta.
 There’s a close relationship
between the electrons, and the
periodic table arrangement.
Because the number of valence
electrons is the same for all the
groups, as in the next table…

Valence Electrons
and
Periodic Table
All elements have an electron distribution,
over a range of energy levels, according to
the periodic table of elements.
Here we have an example… Sulfur (S),
energy level like, 2e-, 8e- and 6e-.
 Here is a common Bohr diagram, but
when we add energy…

Electromagnetic Radiation and

Energy
The number of energy level that an electron
jumps depends on the amount of energy that it
absorbs. When a electron falls back, it’s his
original level.
 The existence of sublevels within a energy level can explain the fine lines in the
spectra of these elements.

Comparison and Emission of an Spectra

The Big gaps between the spectrum lines said that the electrons are moving between energy
levels that have a large difference in energy…
Electron Distribution in an Atom

Here is an example, there’s showing the relative energies

such as, 1s, 2s, 1p, 2p,3s,3p and 3b sublevels.

Electrons in the 1s sublevels are closest to the nucleus.

Electrons in the 3s, 3p, and 3d sublevels are the farthest
from the nucleus.