Professional Documents
Culture Documents
U - Efawmfwdk@ BMVDKCJH Uovj/ A&S@Rsm Bmqufvkyf Urvj? Armjynfugefjrlepfygwd Taxgaxgtwgif A& R .Tpd&Ifchpm (2009 Ckespf/ RWFV)
U - Efawmfwdk@ BMVDKCJH Uovj/ A&S@Rsm Bmqufvkyf Urvj? Armjynfugefjrlepfygwd Taxgaxgtwgif A& R .Tpd&Ifchpm (2009 Ckespf/ RWFV)
U - Efawmfwdk@ BMVDKCJH Uovj/ A&S@Rsm Bmqufvkyf Urvj? Armjynfugefjrlepfygwd Taxgaxgtwgif A& R .Tpd&Ifchpm (2009 Ckespf/ RWFV)
ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rª;.tpD&ifcHpm
(2009 ckEpS /f rwfv)
&Jabmfw@kd
ESpf 20 c&D;rSm u|efawmfwdk@ vdkcJhwmu t"dutm;jzifh (3) ck &Sdygw,f? 'D (3) ckuvnf; wckeJ@wck
qufpyfaewmyg? 'D (3) ck r&SdcJhvdk@bJ tcgtcGifhaumif;}uD; (2) }udrfavmuf vufvGwfcJhwm jzpfygw,f?
tcgtcGifhaumif; (2) }udrfqdkwmu
a'gufwmarmifarmif orRwoufwrf;rSmw}udrfeJ@ 1990 a&G;aumufyJEG dkifpOfuw}udrf jzpfygw,f? tus,f
wifjywm rvkyfawmhyg?
vdktyfcsuf (3) ck qdkwmu
(1) bHk&efol&Sd+yD; bHkvkyfief;pOfvrf;pOf r&Sdwmyg?
(2) bHkvkyfief;pOfvrf;pOf &Sd±HkeJ@vnf; r+yD;ao;yg? wckwnf;aomA[dk &Sd&ygOD;r,f?
(3) A[dkÏecsKyfr&Sdawmh wufºuv_yf&Sm;ol (Activists) awGudk pepfwuspDrHcef@cJGwm r&SdEdkifyg?
'D (3) csufudkawmh tus,fwifjyygr,f? 'grS a&S@rSm bmvkyf=urvJqdkwmeJ@ qufpyfrrd Smyg?
1
r&Sdbl;? A[dkr&Sdwmxuf A[dkawGrsm;w,fqdkwmu ydkrSefvdrfhr,f xifygw,f? A[dkawGrsm;vdk@ wckeJ@wck acszsuf&if;
wpkwpnf;wnf;aomA[dk r&Sdwm jzpfoGm;wmyJ?
tck ESpf (20) =umawmh jynfyrSm A[dkawG odyfudkrsm;vmaeyg+yD? pm&if;ðypkvdk@ r&atmifudkyJ rsm;ygw,f?
ygwDemrnfcHwma&m/ ‘wyfaygif;pk’ emrnfcHwma&m/ “rD'D,m” tpktzGJ@ emrnfcHwma&m/ toHv$ifhÏmeudk
A[dðk ywJth zGJ@tpnf;a&m pojzifh rsdK;pHkygw,f?
[dkwkef;u jynfyrSm ocifatmifqef;/ ocifvSòrifyJ ‘xGuf&yf*dk%f;’ &J@ udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf jynfy
xGufygw,f? (zwyv) zufqpfqef@usifa&;&J@ jynfyudk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf ocifodef;az (jrifh)/ ocifwifa&$yJ
&Sdygw,f? vufeufudkifwdkufyJG A/S umvrSm Auy &J@ udk,fpm;vS,ftjzpf ocifAodef;wif/ ocifoef;òrifwdk@
wawGyJ &Sdygw,f? olwdk@u jynfwGif;&J@ !ïef=um;csufemcH+yD; vkyf=u&wmyJ?
tckawmh tJ'Dvdk r[kwfbl;? jynfwGif;rSm tjrpfr&Sd=ubl;? jynfyrSmyJ &efyHkaiG&Sm+yD; &yfwnf=uw,f?
tJ'Dawmh pDrHudef;tqdkðywJh (proposal) EdkifiHa&;awG vkyf=uw,f? (Donor) tvª&Sif&SmwJh tvkyfu t"du
tvkyf jzpfvmw,f? avmfbD lobby (axmufcHolpnf;±Hk;wJh) EdkifiHa&; vkyf=uw,f? A[dkawG rsm;ovdk vkyfwJh
tvkyfuvnf; rsm;w,f? etz udk ukvor*~ukvm;xdkifay:u qGJcsa&; vkyf=uw,f? ukvm;xdkifay:u qGJcsvdk@
r&ao;cifrSm ukvm;xdkiftvGwfrSm0if+yD; b,folxdkifrvJqdkwm tcsdefukefcH jiif;=uw,f? 'DvdkeJ@ tcsif;csif;&efyGJawG
jzpfae=uygw,f?
pifòyiftpdk;&zGJ@wmudk jynfyrSmjzpfap/ jynfwGif;rSmjzpfap vkyfwmudk ‘Auy’ u ‘rlt&’ qef@usifygw,f?
Auy u A/S umvwkef;uvnf; 'DudpP rpOf;pm;cJhovdk tckvnf; rpOf;pm;ygbl;? wnf&SdaewJh tpdk;&&J@òr@awmf
[dkwkef;uawmh (&efukef) tckawmh ysOf;rem;rSm&SdwJh tm%mydkiftpdk;&udk ðzwfcs+yD;rSom rdrdbufu tpm;xdk;p&m
tpdk;&zGJ@zdk@ pOf;pm;oifhygw,f? wdkif;jynfuwjynf - tpdk;&u (2) ck jzpfae&if wdkif;jynfemwwfygw,f? Armjynfvdk
ae&mrsdK;rSmawmh tpdk;& (2) ckeJ@ &yfrSm r[kwfygbl;? tpdk;&awGtrsm;}uD; &Sdvmr,fhtvm;tvm &Sdygw,f? *smr%D/
udk;&D;,m;/ AD,uferfwdk@rSmvdk tpdk;& (2) zGJ@ òyif+yD;&SdaeEdkifwJh taetxm; ArmjynfrSm r&Sdygbl;?
A/S umvu cGJxGufa&;vufeufudkiftzGJ@tpnf;awG tm;vHk;[m ‘tpdk;&’ awG zGJ@=uygw,f?
“uGefjrLepfysufrdk;[def;” qdk&if &Srf;jynf&J@ “orRw” jzpfvdkuf/ “0ef}uD;csKyf” jzpfvdkuf t}udrf}udrfygyJ? tJ'gawGukd
u|efawmfwdk@u tpdk;&zGJ@wrf;upm;wmvdk@yJ oabmxm;cJhygw,f? a&;}uD;cGifus,fvkyf+yD;vnf; a0zefwm
rvkyfygbl;?
tcka&;aewmuvnf; jynfwGif;u NLD (A[dk) udk uoduatmifhjzpfatmif vkyfae=uw,fvdk@yJjrifvdk@
rwwfombJ ajymwmyg?
jynfyrSmae+yD; ppftpdk;&udk zGifhcswmeJ@ NLD udk umuG,fwm/ tm;ay;wm vkyfwJhtvkyf[lor#
aumif;ygw,f? tm;ay;ygw,f? tcsif;csif; tay;t,l&Sd=uw,f/ nDnD!Gwf!Gwf&Sd=uw,fvdk@=um;&if
tm;wufygw,f? tckawmh tJ'Dvdk r[kwfygbl;? tcsdefrD ðyjyif=uzdk@ aumif;ygw,f? jynfwGif;rSm NLD tusyaf wG@
aeygw,f? u|efawmfwdk@&J@ 88 rsdK;qufacgif;aqmifrsm; axmifESpf&Snf usaeygw,f? tzrf;tqD;awGvnf;
odyfrsm;ygw,f? vlxkuvnf; xGuf&yfvrf; aysmufovdk jzpfaeygw,f? tJ'DvdktcsdefrSm ArmjynfEdkifiHa&;udk
vGwfvGwfvyfvyf vkyfEdkfifolawGu tcsif;csif;&efyJjG zpf+yD; tcsdefrðzef;oifhygbl;? tajrmftjrif }uD;rm;apcsifygw,f?
vufeufudkifwdkufyGJumvu awmcdkoltcsif;csif; &efyJjG zpfaeovdk tckvnf; jynfya&muftcsif;csif; &efyGJ
rjzpfoifhygbl;?
tckacwfu jynfwGif;rSm v_yf&Sm;wufºuol (A) u enf;ae+yD; jynfya&muf (A) awG rsm;aewJhacwfyg?
'ga=umifh u|efawmfwdk@&J@acwfòyif wdkufazmfwdkufzufrsm;udk awmif;yefwmyg? (2010) ausmf&if Armjynf&J@EdkifiHa&;
tcif;tusif;[m wqpfcsdK;ajymif;vJawmhrSmyg? ppftm%m&Sifpepfu “2008 tajccHOya'” eJ@ txdkifus
oGm;ygvdrfhr,f? tcsdefodyfr&Sdawmhyg?
vGwfvyfa&;wdkufyGJacwfwkef;u u|efawmfwdk@ pGef@v$wfpGef@pm; vkyfcJh&wm[m odyfr=umygbl;? vGefa&m
u|efa&m (5) ESpf (6) ESpfyg? tck 'Drdkua&pDawmfvSefa&;umvrSmawmh pGef@v$wfpGef@pm; vkyfcJh&wJhESpfawG q,fpkeJ@csD+yD;
=umcJhyg+yD? a&S@rSmvnf; quf+yD;pGef@v$wfpGef@pm;=u&OD;rSmjzpfvdk@ tckvdk wifjywmyg? Auy taeeJ@awmh “twdwfudk
twdwfrSmyJxm;cJh (csif) w,f” qdkwJh oabmxm;eJ@ qdk&S,fvpfygwDeJ@/ zqyv eJ@/ tdrfapmifhtpdk;&eJ@/ ukefukef
ajym&&if Adkvfcif!Gef@wdk@eJ@yg &efpum;ajymwmudk a&Smifygw,f? rdrdwzufowfyJ a&Smifaewmyg? ygwD0if
2
tm;vHk;udkvnf; a&Smif=uzdk@ !ïef=um;xm;ygw,f? Auy udk qJa&;ykwfcwfwJhpmawG u|efawmfwdk@ rzwf&wm
r[kwfygbl;? zwf&ygw,f? rwHk@jyefbJ wrifaewmyg?
‘Auy’ eJ@ ajAmifvufwGJzdk@ r0Hhr&J jzpfae=uw,f? ta=umif;trsdK;rsdK; &Sdw,f? ta=umif;wcku Auy udk ajcukef
vufyef;usaewJh ygwDvdk@ ,lqvdk@jzpfw,f? 'geJ@ywfoufvdk@uawmh rSwfcsufay;p&m r&Sdygbl;?
aemufta=umif;wcku uGefjrLepfeJ@ ,SufEG,fywfoufae&if udk,fhtwGuf tusdK;rJhw,fvdk@ ,lqwmjzpfw,f?
tvª&Sif (Donor) &Smr&bJ jzpfr,f? wwd,EdkifiH rxGufEdkifbJ jzpfr,f? tqdkðypDrHcsuf (proposal) wifz@dk
cufr,f? qGJaqmifpnf;±Hk;a&; (lobby) vkyfwJhtxJrSm uGefjrLepfawG a&maxG;ygaevdk@ rjzpfbl; pwJhpwJh
ta=umif;awG jzpfw,f? u|efawmfwdk@u em;vnfcGifhv$wfEdkifwJh ta=umif;awG jzpfygw,f?
3
qdkwmudk Auy ,Hk=unfygw,f? 'ga=umifhvnf; ygwDxJrSm rlwckcsxm;w,f? vkyfEdkifwmudkyJ ajym/ ajym+yD;&if
ZGJeJ@vkyfqdkwJhrl jzpfw,f?
bmvkyf=urvJ?
EdkifiHa&;vufOD;r_ b,fvdk,lrvJ?
4
tawG;tac:vufOD;r_udk pnf;±Hk;a&;vufOD;r_tjzpf wdk;csJ@Edkif&r,f? v#dK@0Sufpmwrf;awGudk avhvmwJh v#dK@0SuftpkawG
zGJ@/ v#dK@0Sufuvmyfpnf;awGzGJ@/ v#dK@0Sufoifwef;awG zGifh=uzdk@ jzpfw,f? (w&m;Oya'pdk;rdk;r_r&SdwJh umvrSm Oya'wGif;
vkyfa&;udkcsnf; pdwful;,Ofaevdk@ rjzpfawmhygbl;?)
tcgtcGifhaumif; b,fawmhay:rvJ?
bmawGjyifqifrvJ?
vlxkudk jyif&r,f? (PP) pnf;±Hk;a&; vkyf&r,f? 'gudk tus,fajym+yD;om;yg? tckp+yD; vkyf&rSmu EdkifiHawmf
ppfwyfudk xdk;azmufpnf;±Hk;a&;eJ@ jyifqif&ygr,f? ae0if; t±d_ufxdoGm;wm[m rsdK;cspf&Jabmfa[mif;rsm;tzGJ@
5
ay:wmyg? pay:wkef;u (15) a,muf aemuf (85) a,muf ygvmw,f? tm;vHk;u ppfwyfxJrSm =oZm&SdwJh
t+idrf;pm;ppfAdkvf}uD;awGcsnf; jzpfygw,f?
tckvkyf&rSmu wm0efxrf;aqmifqJ rsdK;cspfjynfcspf&Jabmfrsm; ay:vmzdk@ jzpfw,f? urBmhtajctae/
Armhtajctaet& ay:vmEdkifw,fvdk@ wGufygw,f? vrf;ray: vlxka&mufaerS tJ'Dvlxkudk ESdrfeif;zdk@ xGufvmwJh
ppfwyfudk pnf;±Hk;zdk@qdk&if aemufusoGm;yg+yD? rvG,fawmhygbl;? 'ga=umifh tckvdk at;aq;aewJh tajctaeup+yD;
pnf;±Hk;zdk@ vdkygw,f? tcsdef,l&ygr,f? ppfausmif;awGxJrSm/ ppfwyfawGxJrSm au'gjr‡KyfESH&ygr,f? wyfrawmfudk
ppftkyfpk wvufudkifb0u vGwfajrmufatmif vkyfEdkifrS atmifyGJ&rSmyg?
ausmif;awGrSm Auo (tðraw) awG v#dK@0SufzJ@G &r,f? ajAmifvkyfvdk@ r&ygbl;? tvkyf±Hk/ puf±HkawGrSmvnf;
tvkyform;or*~ (tðraw) v#dK@0SufzJ@G &r,f? pnf;±Hk;a&;o¿meftm;vHk;[m U/G jzpfw,f? (tðraw) u p+yD;
zGJ@&rSmyg?
&Jabmfw@kd -