SPS321

Sports Safety and Emergency

Care
Mohd Fadzil b. Hj. Kamarudin
SR113 UiTM/INSTEDT
 Loss of Consciousness
• Causes of LOC can be due to a number of
reasons;

– Medical reasons

– Sports related reasons

• Medical Reasons
– Hyper or Hypoglyecemis
• This condition is due to levels of blood glucose
which either too high or too low.
• Prevalent in individuals with diabetic conditions.
– Heart Attack
• This is the sudden seizure of the heart due to
either a congenital heart condition, or blockage of
the blood vessels.
• Those with high blood pressure, high body fat
levels, high levels of stress and those with natural
heart conditions are at higher risk.
– Drowning
• This is the sudden asphyxiation due to the
ingestion of water.
• May be due to salt water or fresh water.
• Salt water – alveolus is flooded due to high salinity
levels
• Fresh water – surface area of the lungs are
covered and gaseous diffusion cannot be carried
out.
– Asthmatic Attack
• This difficulty in breathing is due to the inability of
the lungs to exchange gases quickly because of
fluids in the lungs.
• This may be due to exposure to cold temperatures
or naturally occurring.
• Sports Related Reasons
– Head Injury
• This may be due to body contact or implemental
and environmental contact.
• Especially serious if contact is to the back of the
head.
– Shock
• This refers to the shut down of blood flow to the
extremities and skin.
• This due to a number of reasons
– Hemorrhagic shock
– Neurogenic shock
– Cardiogenic shock
– Septic shock
– Anaphylactic shock
– Psychogenic shock
– Heat Illnesses
• This condition is due to the influence of high
temperature to the body’s function especially its
ability to maintain body temperature.
• Can be seen as two conditions
– Heat exhaustion
– Heat stroke
• Injury Assessment of LOC
– Primary Survey
– CPR if necessary
– Secondary Survey
• Assessment can also use the following;
– TOTAPS
– HOPS