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GROUNDWORK
the man Ilove:
jak se bezbolestn
120/121 tvo vztan vty
Nejdve si ujasnme pojmy: co
THE OLD MAN AND THE BUS There were still afew empty
STORYVILLE
Icant believe you actually fell asleep. esk A, ve smyslu ne dv ne: come on, grab uitel do vs budou hustit rozdly mezi typy
NOTEBOOK
What? Did Inotice it right away? No, not his legs not until Iknow hes dead (a si budu pobytu vrznch pitlech, kostelech anprav-
until you started snoring. Still, Iwonder jist, e je mrtv) nch zazench, ale vdnen anglitin se na to
u tolik nehraje: Iwent to prison to do research
what made you want to sleep. Do Isound
Look, Idont want this to happen ever for the film (v uitel bude vyadovat the ped
too boring for you to stay awake? What do
again. Idont think it was my fault anyway. prison, protoe zde nedochz kva inkarce-
Ihave to do to keep you interested? raci)/ the singer has been in the hospital since
If you felt sleepy, you could have simply
RIGHT AWAY je esk HNED (bez prodlen), excused yourself and left. Do you have any fainting on Sunday (zde se stejnmu pedagogovi
hovorov verze znmjho immediately ablzk pro zmnu nebude lbit urit len ped hospital,
idea how much Im being paid here? Ive
pbuzn, ne-li alter ego, straight away/ right protoe zuebnic vyetl, e pokud lovk
off. odlite si jej od RIGHT NOW jako TE
been teaching here for ten years without vyuv slueb tohoto zazen, pak je in hospital.
HNED (lets tell her right now/ we should have abreak, but Ive never seen astudent fall ano, bavme se stle otomt uiteli, kter vs
told her right away) anepouvejte jej ve vtch asleep in class. doposud nenauil pouvat so that velovch
typu HNED JAK: you will know its her THE je to neuviteln, ale nenachzm zde dn vtch ani obrat be supposed to namsto toho
SECOND you see her/ AS SOON AS she gets her point, jemu bychom se dosud nevnovali. snad vs dus na pedbudoucch asech alenech
divorce, one of us is going to marry her jen IN CLASS jako esk ve vyuovn/ vhodin upoloostrov) Q
hlavnm tahkem tto sti je ovem NOT (bez lenu avjednotnm sle) podobn in What asad day this is. Ican barely keep from
UNTIL, kter na zatku vty funguje jako school/ when school started (oboj bez lenu). crying. Icant believe the school year is over.
The girl from that beautiful blue You havent told your
PSYCH-OUTS
nepouv: everything what you
house says that youveturned
said/ the names what we chose.
into acomplete monster. All the wife yet, have you? -
Naopak astji ne esk jeho/ je-
things that were nice about you
have gone g ztoho domu/ k,
No, Ihavent. Iwont,
j sevanglitin pouv jejich eseztebe stal/ vechno, co either. What, should
ekvivalent whose - ten najdeme natob bylo hezk
mimo jin ivevtch typu the guy I? Imean, would you?
whose son you kidnapped lovk, Abychom sevrtili kzkladn kla- You might, but Im not
ktermu jsi unesl syna sifikaci, vztanch vt existuj
vpodstat ti zkladn typy. Dv- gonna.
Jak vyplv zve eenho, mi znich upesujeme, zatmco
vztanch vt je vce druh, au tetm pouze doplujeme dal in- the game of kings/ 2 of 3
kadho znich se lov z trochu ji- formace
mon to udlm,
nho souboru vztanch zjmen the tree that fell was very old aby ml radost
Its aproblem being beautiful. gspecifikujeme okter strom jde/
Its only the handsome men who nsledn sloveso FALL seopt vzta- achy jsou jin ne
ask us out because theyre the huje kestromu, proto zde mus bt ostatn hry co znm
only ones who think they have vztan zjmeno/ namsto THAT je nutn fakt hodn
achance, which can be annoying. mete pout WHICH, to vak po-
pemlet
g hezc chlapi, co ns zvou naran- nkud ust paprem
de/ jedin, kdo si mysl/ co me the tree we cut down was ale nen teba spchat
bt otravn very old g opt specifikujeme, ten- kdo jin snmi bude
Becky is gonna keep singing the tokrt seale sloveso CUT nevzta- jet hrt?
songs (that) you thought were huje vprv ad kestromu jako
silly because youre the only one pvodci dje, nbr kNM jako chce, abych se zeptal
that seems to be bothered. pedmtu/ vtchto typech vt je bratrance?
g psniky, kter ti pipadly mon vztan zjmeno vynechat S different | hard | make | may | need
hloup/ jedin, komu to vad aobvykle setak idje/ pout lze
THAT/WHICH, uivotnch podstat-
nch jmen by to byla THAT/WHO
Nejuitenjm vztanm z-
jmenem je that, kter lze pout the tree, which was very old, Hopefully we will be
vevtin vztanch vt. Respekti- fell down g pouze okrajov po-
znmka oji identifikovanm stro-
getting atwo-bedroom
ve pout lze pln kterkoli zjme-
no, ba kterkoli slovo, veprospch
mu- zde je nutn pout jedno place soon so there
zdvou vztanch zjmen, WHICH
that ale mluv to, ebv asto nebo WHO, projednou nelze pou- will be plenty of room
sprvn t THAT/ uivotnch p.j. bychom
pouili WHO: the man, WHO was
for you to stay com-
Our stay in Montreal was very
exciting, especially going through
very old/ narozdl odostatnch fortably.
typ vztanch vt je zde vedlej
everything that had made up our
vta oddlena rkou
lives for the past 20 years. g vech- the game of kings/ 3 of 3
no, zeho seskldal n ivot. Vprvnm adruhm typu (ten
uit lidi hrt je zbava
chlap, co sepomn spe/ ten
esk studentstvo si znjak- chlap, co seponm spu) ved- ikdy ne kadmu to jde
ho dvodu nesmrn oblbilo z- lej vtou specifikujete, okte- ani jeden zmch kamard
jmeno which (nejen nakor who, rho chlapa jde, respektive co achy nehraje
kde trop nejvc neplechy: peop- dl: vevaem okol sevyskytuje
le which saw me). Silnou nedv- ada chlap, ale jen jeden znich
ale to by mi nemlo
brnit vmm snaen
ru naopak tat komunita pojala senavs spe, ppadn sevy s-
keslovu that, co je podle m d- pete jen najednoho konkrtnho S even though | good | none | stop from
GROUNDWORK
Upesujcch vt existuj dva typy.
Vprvnm znich je njak vzta-
n zjmeno nutn
podn nezaali/ theres more where that came sloveso MIND (vadit, ovem na rozdl od eti- And even though Ididnt do very well on
NOTEBOOK
from vzsob je toho mnohem vc ny sivotnm podmtem: it didnt mind me/ it this test, theres really nothing to be asha-
didnt bother me) se poj sING tvarem nsled- med of. Im pleased with the progress Ive
But still, Istudied hard, tried not to miss nho slovesa ato itehdy, pokud tmto slove-
made and Icant help feeling proud of my
too many classes, followed my teachers sem je HAVE TO. podobn dsiv kaz je kna-
lezen iujinch pedloek: you can actually shop
efforts.
advice, didnt mind having to talk in class.
here WITHOUT HAVING TO pay?/ Jose brag- spojen DO WELL ON ATEST se me jevit
In fact, Ienjoyed having an audience.
ged ABOUT NOT HAVING TO work out as hard samozejmm. DO je udlat, WELL je dobe,
zvraznn advice? ano, advice apro advi- as other players chlubil se tm, e nemusel dt TEST je test, nkomu se podail jaksi test. to
ce? protoe advices, hloup: before Ideparted tak moc kde je problm? Iwasnt very good in the test/
from my house Ihadnt any knowledges regar- the test was very hard for me/ Ididnt succeed
ding the life so Ipleased my father for giving me tvar HAVING (stejn jako napklad BEING)
in the test
many advices and informations and for example nm neleze zhuby tak pln snadno. to nm za-
vdv pinu ktomu nemt rd slovesa, vjejich spodstatnm jmnem PROGRESS se poj slo-
he said me that money arent important what
sousedstv jej nachzme, napklad ENJOY veso MAKE, stejn jako teba se slovy mistake/
Ididnt know. uh huh. well, Ihope for your sake
nebo KEEP: Ikeep having adream where Im suggestion/ joke/ offer/ decision amnoha
that your father wasnt sending you to an English
falling off ahuge skyscraper and Idont hit the mnoha jinmi: he does alot of mistakes/ who did
speaking country.
bottom pod mvm jeden sen avnm padm these decisions?
Tell me about the big pink closet Of all the bad dates
PSYCH-OUTS
krtn a) ensk aj sbrchou; b)
the guy your husband likes sold
planeta araketa
you. g ta velk rov sk, kte- Ive had in my life, you
The woman (that) we saw the
other day sure seemed to be in
rou ti prodal ten chlap, co ho m
rd tvj manel
were the worst one.
abad mood. (who) We really didnt have
Do you know the guy (that) Nakonec je zde tet typ, zcela
Steve is talking to? (who) odlin odprvnch dvou. Vnm anything in common.
The cat (that) my dog ate seems sedle rozvj pedmt, kter
to have been an expensive one. je uniktn aunho bychom aswallows lament/ 1 of 2
(which) ibezrozvit vdli, okoho nebo
dnes zatm docela fouk
co sejedn: mj manel, kter m
Nejpirozenji vtchto vtch zn vivot ani nepolbil, mi oznmil kvli tomu se tko lt
that. Pout mete sice iwho pro Bavme setedy ovedlejch vtch, je dokonce mon,
ivotn pedmty nebo which pro kter poskytuj pouze doplujc e bude bouka
neivotn, jedno idruh ale trochu informace
poznm to podle tch
skpou v uch. Nejlep volbou, This is only our second State tmavch mraen
alespo vbnm projevu, je vyne- Dinner. The first was for the Em-
chat vztan zjmeno pln peror of Japan, who died shortly hned jak uslym hrom
after that, so we stopped having tak si pjdu najt
Some of the things Tobias said
them for awhile, just in case.
were kind of strange. Like the njak kryt
g japonsk csa, kter zemel
joke he told, the one nobody
S even | hide | make | place | second | tell |
laughed at. g vci, kter Tobias During the summer, Ispend most windy
ekl/ ten vtip, co ekl/ ten, kter- weekends at my sisters beach
mu senikdo nesml house, which you are welcome
to use by the way. g dm umoe,
Is there anything Ican doto
help you out? Something you
dokterho klidn me jezdit Isometimes suspect
cant doon your own? g mu ti
Utchto rozvit je nutn pout that there are no for-
njak pomoct/ nco co nezvld-
ne sm
bu which nebo who (jedin typ, eign languages, that
kde nefunguje that), ato podle
The speech you gave was nice
ivotnosti pedmtu. Vztan vta foreigners just pretend
but Istill dont understand why
you didnt use the one Iwrote. vtomto ppad pedmt nespeci- to speak foreign lan-
fikuje, nbr onm pouze dodv
g ten projev co jsi ml/ ten co
jsem jej sepsal upesujc informace
guages so they can
Icome from alarge family of make fun of dumb
Prv ztohoto typu vt serekru-
tuj naprvn pohled tko pocho-
losers, who repeatedly promi-
sed theyd change their ways, and
American tourists.
piteln vtn seky, kter vm repeatedly failed to doso.
nyn pedstavm vponkud ex- g budikniemov, kte opakova- aswallows lament/ 2 of 2
trmn variant. n slibovali
nesnam se udlat
Blake moved to the door, which
na ostatn dojem
Rodil mluv by nsledujc vtu had been left open to let abreeze
radji proloili vztanmi zjme- in. g dvee, kter nechali oteven tm, e tu budu poletovat
vbouce
ny pro snaz orientaci, ale jinak Podvejme sejet naposled
sejedn ogramaticky vce mn nadvojici pklad, dokumentujc nechtl bych, aby m
nenapadnutelnou a(pokratm rozdl mezi vedlejmi vtami do- trefil blesk
mentlnm zanoeni) srozumitel- datkovmi aupesujcmi ikdy ne vdycky zabije
nou informaci the fish (that) the cat ate tak to pr docela dost bol
the cat that ate the fish S by -ing | hate | hit | impress | supposed
uivatelsky nepli vstcn spojen CANT LISAS STORY : Ispent two or three years
HELP -ING zn znjakho dvodu imnoho stu- here teaching both kids and adults English.
dent, kte se teprve prokousvaj zklady an- That was in the mid-90s.
glick gramatiky. rozum se samo sebou (it goes
without saying), e pout jej aktivn dnho tedy vpolovin devadestch let; pro popis
ani nenapadne, to ostatn nedoke ani vtina dekd pouv anglitina prv tento formt
pokroilch student. ani ti jej toti nemaj za- (in the fifties/ in the 50s), ikdy konkrtn
fixovan pro situace, vnich by etina nams- sprvnm desetiletm novho centuria m trochu
to doslovnho nemu si pomoct, abych shla problm (in the 00s?). pamatujte na urit len
po obratech jako: jsem na nj prost hrozn py- (in sixties) puntiki pi spellingu ina absenci
n/ nemu na nj nebt pyn. jinde zase: mu- apostrofu (in the 70s). za povimnut stoj ipo-
sel jsem na ni pod zrat Icouldnt help sta- uit slov EARLY aLATE vasovm kontextu:
ring at her/ Icant help wondering if you missed in the early sixties ze zatku edestch let/ in
the point pod mi vrt hlavou, jestli jsi vbec late June koncem ervna.
pochopila oco jde Q podobnm zpsobem se zajmav pekld
iesk piblin uren vku, jen je unj teba
pout pivlastovac zjmeno: my grandmas IN
HER EIGHTIES and her memorys slipping je
PAGE that cat, which looked kind of
GROUNDWORK
old, ate the fish pretty quickly
124/125
VPRVN vt by lo pout that,
ale nen to nutn. esk student
nejsp pouije which (the fish
which the cat ate) m vta nabe-
re patinu starch zalch as. Ro-
THAT DONT MAKE IT JUNK Having ayard sale basically means
STORYVILLE
j pes osmdest/ Iput on alot of weight IN MY Iran into agirl Iknew, Mary, one day at pro zatek pln sta, kdy si GET zaijete
NOTEBOOK
EARLY THIRTIES no it was IN MY LATE the mall. We got to talking and she told jako SLOVESO ZMNY (get well soon brzo
TWENTIES actually kdy mi bylo nco mlo me that she was going to Europe. se uzdrav/ its getting dark zan bt tma)
pes ticet vlastn to bylo ped tictkou. aostatn spojen, jako napklad zde uveden
NEURIT LEN dostaten zastupuje zjmy avelmi uiten get to talking (dt se do ei),
vsouvislosti spopisem vku pouku jet na eskho JEDNA/ NJAK (one/ some girl)
sloveso TURN, jeho anglitina vyuv vsitua- se budete uit vcemn jako slovka, tedy bez
anen zde zapoteb vztanho zjmena: agirl vztahu kjinm gramatickm zkonitostem.
cch kde etina marn mtr po pesnm ekvi- (which/who/that) Iknew, kde WHICH by bylo
valentu: whats so great about turning thirty? asem vm do sebe zane vechno zapadat,
patn, WHO zbyten tkopdn, THAT by obzvlt pokud si pouvn GET vbudete
co je tak asnho na tom, kdy je vm najednou obstlo, ale obejdeme se ibez nj
ticet/ doshnete tictky/ oslavte tictku, poctiv hldat
atak na pdavn jmno MIDDLE-AGED, ze zkuenosti vte, e GET se pouv vmnoha
znm koncept MIDLIFE CRISIS aspojen BE rznch gramatickch ivznamovch konstruk- We got to talking and she told me that she
RETIRED, ve lep ne alternativy: amiddle- cch, znich nm jde hlava kolem. pokud knim was going to Europe and asked me if Iwas
aged man aman in middle age/ he seems to be pipoteme hovorov pouit, kde se rzn ms interested in joining her.
going through amidlife crisis he has crisis of apekrvaj spojen sING tvary ainfinitivy: get
mme zde hned nkolik zajmavch jev: 1.
middle age/ my dad is apensioner my dad has the thing working/ get him to work, nen divu, e
SOUSLEDNOST asov: minul asked atedy
retired, is retired mnoz studenti zcela rezignuj na snahu pocho-
posunut was interested; 2. sloveso JOIN znme
pit jeho smysl agramatick zaazen.
jako pidat se knkomu, ale problmy nm in
And now my daughter Olga, R To make alot of money we need Jim, Iwould like you
PSYCH-OUTS
who has just returned from to make something what would
boarding school, will read sell better than these top hats. to meet Andrea. An-
another nice little story.
g m dcera Olga, kter se
g something that would sell
drea, this is Jim. An-
mimochodem prv vrtila Vevtch, vnich je nutn njak drea is avery good
vztan zjmeno pout (vechno
My friends didnt think what
Isaid was insulting but the guy co nam ztch polic spadlo) po- friend of mine. Shes
who went to boarding school uvejte pokud mono that. Toto from Scotland but she
jumped up and punched me in pravidlo pedpokld schopnost
the gut. g prv ten adn jin vydlit znj vty doplkov (tedy speaks English, too.
tet typ: moje dcera, kter seod-
Nejastjm omylem eskch mt uit hrt achy), ale zkue- caught off guard/ 1 of 3
student omylem sesilnm uir- nost mi k, etyto vty doke-
kdo ti ekl, e jsem tady?
voucm potencilem je pouvn me intuitivn identifikovat apou-
vztanch vt sezjmenem what t v nich jedno zdvojice which/ zle na tom?
the window what you broke who (obvykle which, v polovin jenom bych rda vdla,
ppad chybn, ale nememe jestli to byl Jack
the meal what Iate
chtt vechno)
all what happened kdybych ti to ekl,
Everyone, come over here. Ifinally vyhodili by m
invented something that works.
Opakuju, what nen vztan z- g nco co funguje tak jo, budeme si dl lht
jmeno. Obraty something what/ Isuppose if it makes Mom happy, nemusela jsi sem chodit
nothing what/ all what/ every- thats all that really matters. S fire | keep | matter | wonder
thing what vanglitin narozdl gjedin, naem opravdu zle
odjejich eskch protjk nee- Gail wants me to take responsi-
xistuj bility for everything that went
wrong in our relationship.
Shes visiting for
vechno, co jsi zatm vidl g eve-
rything what/ everything (that) g vecko co sepokazilo aweek. Anyway, Iwas
youveseen
Ve vtch druhho typu, kter ob-
wondering if maybe
jedin co jsem udlal bylo ejsem
seusml g everything what Idid sahuj dva zkladn aktry pouije- youd like to have din-
was smile / all I did was smile te bu taky that anebo jet lpe
nic: vechno, co jsi pomn hodila;
ner with us some day
R The California of today has no-
thing what Iowa doesnt have. Ex- hlavnmi aktry dje jsou vechno before she leaves?
cept smog. g nic, co nem tak
Iowa/ nothing that Iowa doesnt
aty, naopak j jsem pouze pasv- Or maybe go out for
nm terem a(nejen) zgramatic-
have (nothing Iowa doesnt have) kho hlediska podrun adrink? You would?
Idoeverything Ican to make Oh.
Dvodem pro what takto pou- you feel welcome in this house
vme je zejm. Vhovorov eti- but nothing Iever dois good
caught off guard/ 2 of 3
n seco jako vztan zjmeno po- enough. gnic ztoho, co udlm
uv bn: vechno, co sezatm This is the first time in my life Im vm, mohla jsem zase
stalo/ njak jdlo, co jsem sndl/ doing something (that) Im actu- zstat doma
ten chlap, co m zmltil ally good at. g nco, co mi fakt jde
mla jsi mi otom ct
ten telefon, co jsem koupil You dont expect me to go out and
dance after everything you said, aby ses mohl pipravit?
g the phone what/ that Ibought
doyou? g vecko co jsi ekl proto ne
R All what Isaid was, Get your
fat ass out of here, but my boss u m nebav sedt doma
totally flipped out. g all that Isaid
was/ all Isaid was jet pl roku adcka
budou pry
S gone | month | more | sick | so that