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Gemini 5 Flight Press Kit
Gemini 5 Flight Press Kit
.i
CONTENTS
BACKGROUND INFORT./Y1TION
Mission D e s c r i p t i o n
.........................1-5
.......................
....................... 6 A
6-11
S
I l l u s t r a t i o n o f REP
Crew T r a i n i n g Backgroupd-Gemini 5.. ....... 1-14
.....113-14
Immediate P r e f l i g h t Crew A c t i v i t i e s
..................... . . 1 4
Flighc A c t i v i t i e s
....................... 15-18
Summary F l i g h t P l a n
Flight Data ............................... 19
O r b i t s - Revolutions ...................... 19-20
Weather F3quirements ....................... 0-21
Launch Countdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2-2 3
C r e w Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Q-31
During Launch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4-26
Abort Procedures ........................ 25
Inflight ................................ 25
Reentry. Landj ng and Recovery
..
NASA SCHEDULES
EIGHT-DAY MANNED
SPACE FLIGHT
space f l i g h t t o d a t e .
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-2-
P r i m a r y o b j e c t i v e s of Gemini 5 are:
s p a c e c r a f t f o r a p e r i o d of e i g h t days.
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-3 -
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L
-5 -
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.
-6-
MISSION DESCRIPTION
ing conditions.
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-7-
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p l a c e t h e s p a c e c r a f t i n t o a n 99-212 mile o r b i t c o - e l l i p t i c a l
w i t h the REP'S o r b i t w i t h a n approximate a l t i t u d e d i f f e r e n c e
of seven m t l e s between t h e two. The maneuver w i l l be executed
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r e a l - t i m e basis.
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e. Zero g r a v i t y e v a l u a t i o n of e x t r a v e h i c u l a r a c t i v i t i e s ,
food and o t h e r on-board equipment.
f. S u i t , seat, and h a r n e s s f i t t i n g s .
g. Launch a b o r t s i m u l a t i o n s a t Ling-Temco-Vought in a
s p e c i a l l y configured s i m u l a t o r .
I n f i n a l p r e p a r a t i o n f o r f l i g h t , t h e crew p a r t i c i p a t e s
i n network launch a b o r t s i m u l a t i o n s , j o i n t combined systems
t e s t , wet mock simulated launch, and the f i n a l simulated f l i g h t
test. A t T-2 days, t h e major f l i g h t crew medical examinations
w i l l be a d m i n i s t e r e d t o determine r e a d i n e s s f o r f l i g h t and
o b t a i n data f o r comparison w i t h p o s t f l i g h t medical examination
results .
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Immediate P r e f l i g h t C r e w A c t i v i t i e s
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From e n t r y u n t i l i g n i t i o n , t h e crew p a r t i c i p a t e s i n o r
monitom s y s t e m checks and p r e p a r a t i o n s .
Flight Activities
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SUMMARY FLICXI' P U N
Day :H r Day:Hr
0:OO L i f t - o f f rl:OO
Align PLAT, INSERTION C h e c k l i s t D-6 (CYI)
RAD-FLOW, D-6 ( E . AFRICA)
CRO: GO/NO GO 6-4, GO/RO GO D-4/D-7 CRO: D-4/D-7 STAR
D-6 (U.S.)
Align PLAT - SEF CNV: GO/NO GO f o r 33-1
COOLED Spectrometer Align (D-4/D-7) D-6 W. AFRICA
RADAR-ON, REP EJECT D-6 [E. AFRICA], NED DATA
I1
Align PLAT SEF D-1 MOON TRACK, D-4/D-7 MOON MEASUREMENT
S/C CLOSING MANEUVER, Radar T e s t No. 1
Radar T e s t No. 2, No. 3
,:04
I: : [
CRO: PLA UPDATE
D-6 (S. AFRICA)
20-4 t h w 24-3
0:04 Radar T e s t No. 2
CO-ELLIPTICAL MANEUVER
I S-8/D-13 (LAREDO) p l u s Window MEASUREMENT
W T = 180' T r a n s f e r Maneuver
UT = 82' C o r r e c t i o n Maneuver
UT = 34' C o r r e c t i o n Maneuver
I MEED DATA (CMD) T I
RENDEZVOUS, D-2
SEPARATION MANEUVER '-' E a s t e r n Pacific,Caribbean -
< k i t e C a l i b r a t i o n CARD 3 C M D
P~LOT I
NAP
I
POWER D O H : COMPUTER, RADAR, PLATFORM and
GO/NO GO 18-1
SCANNER I
0:08 RAD & I R SPECT. Align (D-4/D-7)
PWR-DOWN S/C 1 I
-1:08 MSC-1
EAT
- I
D-4/D-7 CRYOGENIC Gas Lifetime 'ILoT
EAT f
I CMD
RKV: PLA UPDATE 25-D t h r u 29-2 SLEEP
I -1:12
RKV: MED DATA ( P i l o t ) -
II '
I PILOT
I
1
S-8/D-13 Vision T e s t ( P i l o t ) EAT
MED DATA (Pilot) M-9 TEST ( P i l o t )
PILOT RRIEFING
S-8/D-13 Vision T e s t ( P i l o t ) : E
M-9 TEST (Pilot)
I c 7 I
M-9 TEST
S-8/D-13
(CMD)
Vision Test (CMD)
BRIEFING
S-7 (Phillipines-GUAM)
- I
EAT
0 ~ 1 6 MED DATA ( 0 )
I -1:16
I '
L
I I
PILOT
SLEEP
11
CMD
Day:Hr
Day:Hr -3:OO
-2:oo
-
CRO: D-4/D-7 (STARS)
T
BOTH I -
CRO:
D-6
D-4/D-7
(EL CENTRO)
(Milky Way C% Void)-!-
BOTH
I
D-6 (U.S.), GO/No GO f o r 47-1 EAT
-
D-6 (W. A F R I C A )
-
BRIEFING I
PILOT
-2 :08
~ - 4 / ~ - 7( 1 6 m Camera)
Apollo Landmark (so. AMERICA) - -3 :08
:
HAW: MED DATA ( P i l o t ) UPDATE 55-D t h m 59-2
-
PILOT
-3:12
-2:12 m: PLA UFDATE 40-D t h r u 44-2- s&/D-13 V i s i o n T e s t s (PilC?)
PILOT M-9 TEST Pi1 t)
S-8/D-13 Vision Teat ( P i l o t ) EAT
M-9 TEST P i l o t ) M-9 TEST [CMDj
S-8/D-13 Vision T e s t s ( c m )
M-9 TEST [CMD) BRIEFING
MED DATA (CD)
S-S/D-13 V i s i o n T e s t (cm)
MSC-1 PILOT
3:16
-2:16 SLEEP
PILOT
SLEEP
-
MSC-1
cyI: PLA UPDATE 45-2 t h r u 49-4 EAT CRO: FLIGHT PLAN UPDATE FOR
U.S. PASSES
CRO: FLIGHT PLAN UPDATE FOR -3 :20
-2 :20 U.S. PASSES
Day:Hr Day:Hr
-4 :00
'5:0 MED DATA ( P i l o t )
D-4/D-7 WHITE SAND Missile MEASUREMENT
I
D-4/D-7 WHITE SAND Missile
MEASUREMENT
CRO: D-4/D-7 N i g h t , Water and L a n d
HAW: MED DATA ( P i l o t ) I I
ASC: D-4/D-7 Islad D;4/D-7 ASC C a l i b r a t i o n
CRO: PIA UPDATE 65-4 thm 70-D
1T 1 HAW: MED DATA (CMD)
I
-4 :04
HAW: MED DATA (CMD)
EAT PILOT
-5 :04 T
T r l CSQ: PLA UPDATE 8 1 - 3 thru 85-D
EAT
T
PILOT
I
- BRIEFING BRIEFING
P I LOT
PILOT
-
5:08
S E P I
I
c
RKV: MED DATA ( P i l o t )
c
-
.:12 RKV: PLA UPDATE 71-D thm 75-2
PILOT
EAT 1 J:12
FEV: PLA UF'DATE 86-D thm
S-8/D-l3 Vision T e s t ( P i l o t
BRIEFING M-9 TEST ( P i l o t ) & (CMD)
S-8/D-l3 Vision T e s t (CMD)
CSQ: MED DATA ( C m ) MED DATA (CMD ). ~I
-EAT
I
I
b : 1 6 MSC-I PI~OT I MSC-1
I I
PILOT
SLEEP
3:1 6 SLEEP
KNO:
Vision T e s t (Pilot)
MED DATA ( P i l o t )
D-4/D-7 Land V e g e t a t i o n
- I, CMD 6:20 MED DATA ( P i l o t )
%
-
TI CMD
D-6 ( C Y I )
D-6 ( E . AFRICA)
thm 95-4
TI
D-6 (EAST AFRICA) MED DATA ( C l b ) , D-1
Day:Hr Day:Hr
6:oo D-6 (U.S.) MED DATA ( P i l o t ) 7:00 Apollo Landmark (FLORIDA)
MED DATA ( P i l o t )
S-8/D-13 (LAREDO) plus Window MEASUREMENT
I
S-8/D-l3 (LAREDO)
1
MED DATA (0) CMD T '
MED DATA ( O n ) CMD T
7:04
PLA UPDATE 96-3 t h m 101-D
7:I
BRIEFING
PILOT
HAW: PLA UPDATE 112-3
t h m 116-D
-
BRIEFING
PILOT
EAT 1 I
SLEEP
CMD 7:oa
MED DATA ( P i l o t ) I '
I
- 1
PILOT i
RTA ( P i
I
PILOT
SLEEP
I
I
BRIEFING
S-a/D-l3 (Pilot)
MED DATA ( P i l o t )
CRO: PLA UPDATE 122-1 t h r u 126-3
S-8/D-13 Vision T e s t s ( P i l o t )
~ - 9TEST ( P i l o t ) M-9 TEST (CMD)
S-8/D-l3 Vision T e s t (CMD)
MED DATA (CMD), D-4/D-7 (SUN)
1 I
i
GYM: POWER-W Checklist
CRO: MED DATA (CMD)
P r e r e t r o Checklist BOTH
GO/NO GO 122-1, Apollo Landmark
7-
3-
BOTH POST-RETRO C h e c k l i s t
Guidance i n i t i a t e
EAT I
:00
s-I
L
Post-Landing C h e c k l i s t T
- 1'3 -
F L I GHT DATA
ORBITS - REVOLUTIONS
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For t h i s reason, i t i s s i m p l e r t o r e c o r d r e v o l u t i o n s
from f i x e d p o s i t i o n s on Earth. Gemini completes 16 o r b i t s
p e r day, b u t only c r o s s e s t h e 8 0 t h l o n g i t u d e 15 times --
hence, 15 r e v o l u t i o n s .
WEATHER REQ.UIREMENTS
Launch Area
S u r f a c e Winds -- 18 k n o t s w i t h g u s t s t o 25 k n o t s .
Ceiling -- 5,000 f e e t cloud base minimum.
Visibility -- S i x m i l e s minimum.
Wave Height -- Five f e e t maximum.
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S u r f a c e Winds -- 30 k n o t s maximum.
Pararescue
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- - . ..- . - .
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LAUNCH COUNTDOWN
T-158 m i n u t e s Launch v e h i c l e t a n k p r e s s u r i z a t i o n
completed ,
T-150 minutes S t a r t launch v e h i c l e s e c u r i n g p r e p a r a t i o n s ,
T-118 minutes Simulated malfuriction t e s t .
T - l l 5 minutes V e r i f y launch v e h i c l e "Got1 for flight.
T-100 minutes C r e w enters spacecraft.
T-40 minutes White Room e v a c u a t i o n complete; e r e c t o r
lowering p r e p a r a t i o n s complete;
It erector
c l e a r e d t o lower. Unstow D" r i n g s
T-35 minutes S t a r t lowering e r e c t o r ; s t a r t range
telemetry readout.
T-30 minutes A c t i v a t e s p a c e c r a f t communications l i n k s a
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CREW SAFETY
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ABORT PROCEDURES
MODE I - EJECT AFTER SHUTDOWN
20,700 FPS
VELOCITY
5 MIN. 10 SEC.
78,000 FT.
n
DELAYED
MODE 50
Ir SECON
hd
(WAIT 5
SECS )
15,000 FT. -- + IC
T
b
MODE 50
I SECONDS
;EA LEVEL -- --
- 26 -
T h i s c o n s i s t s of arming a b o r t c i r c u i t s , w a i t i n g about
f i v e seconds a f t e r engine shutdown u n t i l aerodynamic p r e s s u r e
has decreased, t h e n s a l v o f i r i n g t h e f o u r r e t r o r o c k e t s t o
s e p a r a t e from t h e launch v e h i c l e .
Inf l i g h t
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Reentry, Landing and Recovery
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I
- HIGH ALTITUDE
DROGUE CHUTE
DEPLOYED
6,700 FEET - - -
TWO POINT
S US PE NS I0N
I
-- -- JETTISON CHUTE
- 29 -
b i l i t y of l a n d i n g i n a contingency a r e a i s s u f f i c i e n t l y low
t h a t s p e c i a l s e a r c h and r e s c u e t e c h n i q u e s w i l l provide ade-
q u a t e recovery s u p p o r t .
c r a f t , s h i p s and b o a t s , a i r p l a n e s and h e l i c o p t e r s w i l l b e s t a -
t i o n e d i n this a r e a from t h e time t h e a s t r o n a u t s e n t e r t h e
s p a c e c r a f t u n t i l l i f t - o f f p l u s f i v e minutes.
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c r a f t will be l o c a t e d and a s s i s t a n c e g i v e n t o t h e a s t r o n a u t s
w i t h i n 18 hours a f t e r r e c o v e r y f o r c e s a r e n o t i f i e d of t h e
probable l a n d i n g p o s i t i o n .
G E M I N I SURVIVAL PACKAGE
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_.
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GEMINI 5 SUIT
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FOOD FOR G E M I N I 5
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Meal C UEdA
Beef Sandwiches 202 Chicken B i t e s 163
Pineapple F r u i t 211 Peanut Cubes 2:16
Cake
Apricot Cereal Cubes 154
Peanut Cubes 296
Toasted Bread Cubes 16&
.J
Grapefruit Juice
Total
-83
79 2 Grapefruit; J u i c e 8'3
Total
Grand Total 2449
Grand Total 2496
MEDICAL CHECKS
Urine i s c o l l e c t e d i n t o a horn-shaped r e c e p t a c l e w i t h a
self a d j u s t i n g opening, The r e c e p t a c l e i s connected by a hose
t o a pump d e v i c e which e i t h e r t r a n s f e r s t h e l i q u i d t o a c o n t a i n e r
o r dumps i t overboard, The system i s much l i k e t h e r e l i e f ' tube
used i n m i l i t a r y f i g h t e r p l a n e s .
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G E M I N I SPACECRAFT
The G e m i n i s p a c e c r a f t i s c o n i c a l 18 f e e t , 5 i n c h e s long,
10 f e e t a c r o s s a t t h e base and 39 i n c h e s a c r o s s a t t h e t o p .
Reentry Module
( 3 ) cabin s e c t i o n ,
t h e maln p a r a c h u t e attachment.
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b
* MI, - . *..
- 40 -
The c a b i n s e c t i o n i s l o c a t e d between the r e e n t r y c o n t r o l
s e c t i o n and t h e a d a p t e r s e c t i o n . It houses t h e crew s e a t e d
side-by-side, e l e c t r i c a l a n d l i f e support equipment a n d e x p e r i -
mental devices. Above each s e a t i s a h a t c h o p e n i n g for e n t e r i n g
and l e a v i n g the c a b i n , The crew compartment i s p r e s s u r i z e d
a n d spaces c o n t a i n i n g equipment t h a t r e q u i r e no p r e s s u r i z a t i o n
o r which a r e i n t e r n a l l y p r e s s u r i z e d are l o c a t e d b e t w e e n t h e
p r e s s u r i z e d s e c t i o n and t h e o u t e r s h e l l . The o u t e r s h e l l i s
Adapter S e c t i o n
The r e t r o g r a d e s e c t i o n c o n t a i n s r e t r o g r a d e r o c k e t s and
p a r t of t h e r a d i a t o r for t h e c o o l i n g system.
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The equipment s e c t i o n h o l d s b a t t e r i e s f o r e l e c t r i c a l
power, f u e l f o r t h e o r b i t a t t i t u d e and maneuver system ( O A M S ) ,
t h e primary oxygen for the environmental c o n t r o l system. It
f o r t h e Gemini s p a c e c r a f t .
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S P A C E C R A F T RESPONSES T O ORBIT A T T I T U D E
I
b4
C O N T R O L THRUST
---~
id
I
MANEUVERING CONTROL
LATERAL AFT
LIQUID ROCKET SYSTEMS
GENERAL ARRANGEMENT
25 LB ATTITUDE THRUST CHAMBER
\(TYPICAL 8 PLACES)
HELIUM- /--
b~ OXIDIZER
r 8 5 LB DECELERATE
FUEL ST CHAMBER
CAL 2 PLACES)
0 LB MANEUVER
i R I I C T C U A AARED
AL 6 PLACES)
/
/
ORBIT AT
AND M A
SYSTEM
REENTRY
25 LB THRUST CHAMBER CONTROL
(TYPICAL 16 PLACES) SYSTEM
THRUST CHAMBER ARRANGEMENT
Z
- 47 -
Besides i t s two c y l i n d r i c a l s e c t i o n s , t h e f u e l c e l l
b a t t e r y subsystem i n c l u d e s a r e a c t a n t supply of hydrogen and
oxygen, s t o r e d a t s u p e r c r i t i c a l p r e s s u r e s a n d cryogenic tempera-
tures.
Energy i s produced i n t h e f u e l c e l l by f o r c i n g t h e r e a c t a n t s
i n t o t h e s t a c k s where they a r e chemically changed by a n e l e c t r o -
l y t e o f polymer p l a s t i c a n d a c a t a l y s t o f p l a t i n u m . Resultaqt
e l e c t r o n s a n d i o n s combine w i t h oxygen t o form e l e c t r i c i t y ,
h e a t and water. T h i s chemical r e a c t i o n w i l l t h e o r e t i c a l l y
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continue as lorig as f u e l a n d oxidatll; a m s u p p l i e d . Elec-
t r i c i t y i s used for power, h e a t i s r e j e c t e d by t h e s p a c e c r a r t
c o o l a n t system, a n d water i s d i - v e r b e r ! i n t o t h e s p a c e c r a f t
d r i n k i n g supply t a n k s wlrie;.e it i s s e p w a t e d from t h e c r e w ' s
drinki-ng supply by a b'ladder a n d used a; p r e s s u r a n t t o
supply d r i n k i n g wat e I'.
RENDEZVOUS RADAR
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G E M I N I LAUNCH V E H I C L E
t o t h e crew.
3 . Modification of t h e e l e c t r i c a l system.
4. S u b s t i t u t i o n of r a d i o guidance f o r i n e r t i a l guidance,
5. D e l e t i o n of r e t r o r o c k e t s and v e r n i e r rockets.
8. S i m p l i f i c a t i o n of t r a j e c t o r y t r a c k i n g requirements.
9 . Modification of h y d r a u l i c system,
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Gemini Launch Vehicle program managment for N A S A is
under t h e d i r e c t i o n o f t h e Space Systems Division of the A i r
Force Systems Command. Contractors include:
Systems e n g i n e e r i n g a n d t e c h n i c a l d i r e c t i o n , Aerospace
Corp., E l Segundo, C a l i f .
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G E M I N I 5 EXPERImNTS
Medical Experiments
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I
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blood p r e s s u r e w i l l be taken b e f o r e and a f t e r the e x e r c i s e
f o r evaluation. Time f o r h e a r t r a t e and blood pressure t o
r e t u r n t o pre-work l e v e l s following t h e e x e r c i s e i s an index
o f t h e g e n e r a l c o n d i t i o n of t h e a s t r o n a u t .
I n - F l i g h t Phonocardiogram*
Bone Demineralization*
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- 55 -
Cardiovascular C o n d i t i o n i n g
T h i s t e s t w i l l be conducted by t h e p i l o t o n l y , The
c u f f s w i l l be a p p l i e d t o t h e upper t h i g h s and be a u t o m a t i -
c a l l y p r e s s u r i z e d t o 8 0 m m ~ gf o r two minutes o u t o f every
s i x minutes, The system w i l l remain a c t i v a t e d d u r i n g t h e
awake c y c l e each day of f l i g h t , It may be l e f t a c t i v a t e d
continuously i f d e s i r e d .
Human O t o l i t h Function
A v i s u a l t e s t e r w i l l be used t o determine t h e a s t r o n a u t s
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l i n e w i t h a c a l i b r a t e d knurled screw t o what he judges t o be
t h e r i g h t p i t c h a x i s of t h e s p a c e c r a f t , The second a s t r o n a u t
*Repeat Experiment
T h l s i s a c o n t i n u a t i o n o f experiments t o e v a l u a t e t k e
e f f e c t s o f prolonged w e i g h t l e s s n e s s on t h e c a r d i o v a s c u l a r
system. I t i s considered a n o p e r a t i o n a l procedure and no
l o n g e r a n experiment,
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. .r .
- 57 -
Measurements w i l l be taken b e f o r e , during, and a f t e r a
head-up t i l t of 80 degrees from t h e h o r i z o n t a l ,
I f t h e a s t r o n a u t s remain i n t h e s p a c e c r a f t while i t i s
SCIENTIFIC EXPERIMENTS
Primary o b j e c t i v e i s t o g e t h i g h - q u a l i t y p i c t u r e s
o f l a r g e land a r e a s t h a t have been previous well-mapped by
a e r i a l photography, Such photographs can s e r v e as a s t a n d a r d
f o r i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f p i c t u r e s o f unknown a r e a s on E a r t h ,
t h e Moon, and o t h e r p l a n e t s .
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- YCW e I
--
A secondary o b j e c t i v e i s t o o b t a i n h i g h - q u a l i t y p i c t u r e s
of r e l a t i v e l y poorly-mapped a r e a s o f t h e E a r t h f o r s p e c i f i c
s c i e n t i f i c purposes. F o r example, g e o l o g i s t s hope t h a t such
photographs can h e l p t o answer q u e s t i o n s of c o n t i n e n t a l d r i f t ,
s t r u c t u r e o f t h e E a r t h ' s mantle, and overall s t r u c t u r e of t h e
continents .
Mexico, East A f r i c a a n d Arabian Peninsula and A u s t r a l i a
w i l l be t h e p r i o r i t y photographic o b j e c t i v e s . Of p a r t i c u l a r
i n t e r e s t a r e r i f t v a l l e y s which are g e o l o g i c a l l y analogous
t o t h e r i l l s found on t h e Moon, These r i f t v a l l e y s extend
from Turkey, through Syria, Jordan, t h e R e d Sea a r e a and
and e a s t e r n A f r i c a as f a r south as Mozambique. By photograph-
i n g t h e s e r i f t v a l l e y s , g e o l o g i s t s f e e l t h a t t h e y may g a i n a
b e t t e r understanding o f t h e c r u s t and upper mantle of t h e
E a r t h as w e l l as t h e r i l l s on t h e Moon.
i s ' o v e r 50 p e r c e n t i n t h e p r i o r i t y a r e a s , t h e a s t r o n a u t s
w i l l photograph s u b j e c t s o f o p p o r t u n i t y -- any i n t e r e s t i n g
land a r e a s ,
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A 70-mm modified Hasselblad (Swedish make), Model 5OOC
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Thgrlack t h e d e t a i l which can be o b t a i n e d i n photographs
taken f r o x t h e Gemini h e i g h t of about 100 miles.
Another o b j e c t i v e i s t o g e t p i c t u r e s of a v a r i e t y of storm
systems, such as weather f r o n t s , s q u a l l l i n e s , o r t r o p i c a l dis-
turbances, s o t h a t t h e i r s t r u c t u r e can be b e t t e r understood.
F i n a l l y , t h e experimenters hope t o g e t s e v e r a l s e t s of
views of t h e same a r e a on subsequent p a s s e s of t h e s p a c e c r a f t
t o s e e how v a r i o u s weather phenomena m w e and develop.
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R e s u l t s of t h e experiment w i l l be v a l u a b l e i n a i d i n g
s c i e n t i s t s i n the d e s i g n of weather s a t e l l i t e s . Present day
weather s a t e l l i t e s , TIROS, y i e l d extremely u s e f u l and d e t a i l e d
cloud photographs. However, t h e y do n o t g i v e t h e a l t i t u d e of
t h e clouds, an important f a c t o r i n d e t e m i n g t h e s e v e r i t y o f
weather formations.
T h e v i s u a l a b i l i t y of t h e a s t r o n a u t s i n t h e d e t e c t i o n
and r e c o g n i t i o n of o b j e c t s on t h e e a r t h ' s s u r f a c e w i l l be
t e s t e d i n t h i s experiment.
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During passage of the spacecraft over the sites, the
command astronaut shall be responsible f o r maintaining the
proper spacecraft attitude while the second astronaut observes
the target area and makes verbal comments to the principal in-
Jestigator at the site,,
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w i l l be a t t h e s e l e c t e d areas d u r i n g t h e mission t o r e c o r d
l i g h t and atmospheric c o n d i t i o n s . An A i r Force C-130 i i i s t r u -
mented by t h e V i s i b i l i t y Laboratory w i l l fly over t h e a r e a a t
t h e time of t h e o r b i t s used Ior sit.,htin;i; to document t h e p e r -
t i n e n t o p t i c a l p r o p e r t i e s of t h e atmosphere as a f u n c t i o n of
altitude.
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ENGINEERING EXPERIMEMT
t a n c e i s known, i t w i l l be p o s s i b l e t o c a l c u l a t e t h e n e t charge
on t h e s p a c e c r a f t and t h e energy a v a i l a b l e f o r an e l e c t r i c a l
d i s c h a r g e between t h e s p a c e c r a f t and a n o t h e r space v e h i c l e
of known p o t e n t i a l .
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- 5; -
The e l e c t r o s t a t i c p o t e n t i a l meter c o n s i s t s of a s e n s o r
u n i t and a n e l e c t r o n i c s u n i t . Both a r e l o c a t e d i n t h e space-
s i g n a l s p r o p o r t i o n a l to t h e s p a c e c r a f t p o t e n t i a l .
f i c i e n c y i n o b t a i n i n g h i g h r e s o l u t i o n photographs of a n o r b i -
t i n g o b j e c t while maneuvering, s t a t i o n keeping and observing
i n a manual c o n t r o l mode.
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F o r t h i s experiment t h e s p a c e c r a f t i s equipped w i t h r a d i o -
m e t r i c measuring d e v i c e s u s i n g commonndrror o p t i c s t h a t can
measure r a d i a n t i n t e n s i t y from the u l t r a - v i o l e t through i n f r a -
r e d as a f u n c t i o n of wave l e n g t h .
I n s t r u m e n t a t i o n f o r t h i s (and t h e l a t e r d e s c r i b e d D-7
experiment) i n c l u d e a three channel spectro-radiometer, a dual
channel Michelson Interferometer-Spectrometer and a c r y o g e n i c a l l y
cooled Michelson Interferometer-Spectrometer. These s e n s i n g
u n i t s w i l l be housed i n t h e Gemini adapter s e c t i o n . (See D-7)
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S u r f a c e Photography (D-6)
to determine t h e t h r e s h h o l d of s e n s i t i v i t y v a l u e s f o r e a r t h
o b j e c t s and s k y background r a d i a t i o n and r a d i a t i o n s i g n a t u r e s
of v a r i o u s o b j e c t s i n space and on t h e ground.
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I n t h e D-7 experiment t h e a s t r o n a u t s w i l l a t t e m p t t o
observe t h e T i t a n I1 second s t a g e , REP, exhaust plumes of
r o c k e t v e h i c l e s launched from t h e E a s t e r n o r Western T e s t
Ranges, r o c k e t sled e x h a u s t s a t Holloman A i r Force Base, v o l -
canoes and f o r e s t f i r e s a s w e l l a s c o n t r a s t i n g background a r e a s
such as deserts and w a r m ocean c u r r e n t s .
T e l i c a , Nicaragua
I r a z u , Costa Rica
Langla - New Britain Islands
V i s u a l Acuity (D-13)
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MANNED SPACE FLIGHT TRACKING " W O R K
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- 7'+ -
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NASA Communications Network (NASCOM)
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S p a c e c r a f t Communications
communications can be c o n t r o l l e d e i t h e r by t h e s t a t i o n o r
r e m o t e l y c o n t r o l l e d by Goddard, Mission C o n t r o l Center, Houston,
or Mission C o n t r o l Center, Cape Kennedy.
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The followlng stations will not have Capsule Communicators
and will be remoted to the appropriate Mission Control Center:
Grand Bahama Island; Tananrive (Madagascar); Kano, Nigeria;
Bermuda; Grand Turk Island; Antigua Island; Ascension Island;
Canton Island; Pt. Arguello, Calif, USNS Wheeling (ship) and
the d c e relay aircraft.
Network Responsibility
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Weapons Research Establishment, The W E , Department
of Supply, Commonwealth of A u s t r a l i a , i s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e
maintenance and o p e r a t i o n of t h e network s t a t i o n s i n A u s t r a l i a .
C o n t r a c t u a l arrangements and agreements d e f i n e t h i s coopera-
tive effort.
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C-Band Radar
Telemetry Receive
and Record
Telemetry Real-Time
Display
Telemetry Data
Dump
Telemetry Experiment
Read & Record
High-speed Telemetry
Data
Remote Site
Data Summary
Gemini Launch
Vehicle Telemetry
Gemini Launch
Vehicle Command
Digital Command
Svstem
Down Range
Up Link
RF Command
Voice (SCAMA)
Telety-pe
(NASCOM)
High Speed
Radar Data
Flight Control Team
Manned
Acquisition
Aid
Telemetry Receiving
Antenna
x x x x x X
Flight Control Team
x Air to Ground
xxxxxx Air Ground Remoting
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x
from MCC-H
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CREW BIOGRAPHIES
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CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Cooper was one o f t h e seven P r o j e c t
Mercury a s t r o n a u t s named by NASA i n A p r i l 1959. On May 15-16,
1963, he p i l o t e d h i s " F a i t h 7" s p a c e c r a f t on a 2 2 - o r b i t
mission which completed t h e o p e r a t i o n a l phase of P r o j e c t
Mercury. During t h e f l i g h t , which l a s t e d 34 hours and 20
minutes, he a t t a i n e d a maximum a l t i t u d e o f 166 statute m i l e s ,
a speed o f 17,546 miles per hour, and t r a v e l e d 546,167 s t a t u t e
mllea, H e was ,awarded t h e NASA D i s t i n g u i s h e d S e r v i c e Medal
f o r h i s f l i g h t . Also awarded Astronaut Wings,
Cooper i s t h e son o f Mrs. Leroy G. Cooper o f Carbondale, Colo.
H i s f a t h e r , a r e t i r e d Air Force c o l o n e l , d i e d i n March 1960.
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Charles Conrad, Jr., Gemini 5 p i l o t
BORN: P h i l a d e l p h i a , P a . , June 2, 1930
HEIGHT: 5 f t . , 6 i n . ,WEIGHT: 1112 l b s . ; Blonde h a i r , b l u e
eyes.
EDUCATION: Bachelor o f Science degree i n a e r o n a u t i c a l
e n g i n e e r i n g from P r i n c e t o n U n i v e r s i t y , 1953.
MARITAL STATUS: Married t o the Jormer Jane DuBose o f Uvalde,
Tex .
CHILDREN: P e t e r , Dee. 2 5 , 195'1; Thomas, May 3 , 1957; Andrew,
Apr. 30, 1959; Christopher, Nov. 26, 1960.
PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Member, American I n s t i t u t e of
Aeronautics and A s t r o n a u t i c s ; Associate Member o f S o c i e t y 0.r
Experimental T e s t P i l o t s -
EXPERIENCE: H e e n t e r e d t h e Navy following his g r a d u a t i o n
f r o m P r i n c e t o n U n i v e r s i t y and became a naval a v i a t o r . He i s
now a Navy L i e u t e n a n t Commander.
Conrad a t t e n d e d t h e Navy T e s t P i l o t School a t Patuxent River,
Md, 1959-1961, and following completion o f t h a t school was
a p r o j e c t t e s t p i l o t i n t h e armaments t e s t d i v i s i o n t h e r e ,
He a l s o served a t Patuxent as a f l i g h t i n s t r u c t o r and p e r -
formance e n g i n e e r .
He served as a F4H f l i h t i n s t r u c t o r and as S a f e t y O f f i c e r
2
f o r F i g h t e r Squadron 9 a t t h e Marimar, C a l i f , Naval A i r
S t a tion.
H e has logged more than 3,200 f l y i n g hours, i n c l u d i n g more
t h a n 2,400 hours i n j e t a i r c r a f t ,
CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: Conrad was i n the second group of a s t r o -
n a u t s s e l e c t e d by NASA i n September 1962. I n a d d i t i o n t o
p a r t i c i p a t i n g in t h e o v e r a l l a s t r o n a u t t r a i n i n g program, h i s
d u t i e s included monitoring t h e A p o l l o Command S e r v i c e and
Lunar Excursion Modules b e f o r e h l s s e l e c t i o n t o t h e Gemini 5
crew.
Conrad i s t h e son of Charles Conrad, S a r a s o t a , F l a . , and Mrs.
Frances V. Sargent, Haverford, Pa.
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E l l i o t M. ( f o r McKay) See, J r . , Gemini 5, b a c k u p crew,
pilot
BORN: Dallas, Tex., J u l y 23, 1927
HEIGHT: 5 f t . , 8 i n . , WEIGHT: 150 l b s ; Brown h a i r , blue
eyes.
EDUCATION: Bachelor of Science degree, U. S. Merchant
Marine Academy, 1949; Master o f Science degree i n e n g i n e e r i n g ,
U n i v e r s i t y of C a l i f o r n i a a t Los Angeles, 1962.
MARITAL STATUS: Married t o the former Marilyn J . Denahy of
Georgetown, Ohio.
CHILDREN: S a l l y , Feb. 22, 1956; Carolyn, Nov. 16, 1957;
David, Aug. 1 2 , 1962,
SCIENTIFIC AND PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS: Member o f S o c i e t y
o f Experimental T e s t P i l o t s ; A s s o c i a t e Fellow o f American
I n s t i t u t e of Aeronautics and A s t r o n a u t i c s .
EXPERIENCE: Naval a v i a t o r from 1953 t o 1955.
General E l e c t r i c Co. from 1949 t o 1953 and 1956 t o 1962 as
a f l i g h t t e s t e n g i n e e r , group l e a d e r , and experimental t e s t
p i l o t . Served as p r o j e c t p i l o t on J79-8 engine development
program i n connection w i t h F4H a i r c r a f t . Conducted power-
p l a n t f l i g h t t e s t s on t h e J-47, 5-73, J-79, CJ805 and CJ805
a f t f a n engines. T h i s work involved f l y i n g i n F-86, XFQD,
F-104, F11F-lF, RB-66, F4H, and T-38 a i r c r a f t .
H e has logged more than 3,900 hours f l y i n g time, i n c l u d i n g
more t h a n 3,300 i n j e t a i r c r a f t ,
CURRENT ASSIGNMENT: See was s e l e c t e d as a n a s t r o n a u t i n t h e
group named i n Septzmber 1962. H e p a r t i c i p a t e s i n a l l phases
o f t h e a s t r o n a u t t r a i n i n g program and had s p e c i f i c r e s p o n s i b i l -
i t y for monitoring t h e d e s i g n and development of' guidance and
n a v i g a t i o n systems, and a i d i n g i n t h e c o o r d i n a t i o n Tor mission
planning, b e f o r e h i s assignment t o Gemini 5.
See i s the son o f M r , 8c Mrs. Elliot M. See, Dallas.
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PREVIOUS GEMINI FLIGHTS
Gemini 1, A p r i l 8, 1964
2. Determine e x i t h e a t i n g c o n d i t i o n s on t h e s p a c e c r a f t
and launch v e h i c l e .
3. Demonstrate c o m p a t i b i l i t y of t h e launch v e h i c l e
and s p a c e c r a f t through o r b i t a l I n s e r t i o n .
4. Demonstrate o r b i t a l i n s e r t i o n ,
- 86 -
The combined s p a c e c r a f t and launch v e h i c l e second s t a g e
o r b i t e d f o r about f o u r d a y s , Recovery was n o t attempted,
1. Demonstrate t h e adequacy of t h e s p a c e c r a f t a f t e r b o d y
h e a t p r o t e c t i o n d u r i n g a maximum h e a t i n g r a t e r e e n t r y .
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O b j e c t i v e s of t h e Gemini 3 mission:
3. E x e r c i s e t h e o r b i t a l o r i e n t a t i o n and maneuvering s y s -
tem.
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4. Evaluate c o n t r o l l e d f l i g h t p a t h r e e n t r y by c o n t r o l l i n g
t h e s p a c e c r a f t r o l l and u t i l i z i n g the f o r c e r e s u l t i n g from an
o f f s e t i n the spacecraft c e n t e r o f g r a v i t y .
5. Conduct experiments.
O b j e c t i v e s of t h e Gemini 4 mission:
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2, Evaluate effects of prolonged exposure to space environ-
ment of the crew.
6. Conduct experiments.
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PROJECT OFFICIALS
E. E. C h r i s t e n s e n D i r e c t o r , Mission Opera-
t i o n s , NASA Headquarters
Mission D i r e c t o r
C h r i s t o p h e r C. Kraft F l i g h t D i r e c t o r , Manned
S p a c e c r a f t Center, Houston
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, U. S. MANNED SPACE F L I G H T S
I 1 M A I T k D IIOURS
MISSION
Gem?-ni 3 (Grisson
8~ Young ) 4 53 00 9 45 00 63
Gemini 1C (McDivitt
8~ White) 97 56 11 195 52 22 259
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CONVERSION TABLE
3 2.04 3.3
5 3.40 5.5
10 6.8 11.0
14 9.5 15.4
15 10.2 16.5
16 10.9 17.6
29.8 20.26 32.78
20,700.00 14,076.00 22,770.00
24,000.00 16,320,oo 26,400.00
25,807.00 17,549.00 28,254.00
S t a t u t e Miles Kilometers
1.7 2.77
6.0 9.56
7.0 11.27
14.9 23.99
17.5 23.18
99.0 159 59
100.0 161.00
106.0 170.66
212.0 341.32
219.0 352 6
229.0 368.69
500.0 805.00