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การทำ Hydrostatic Test ที่ถูกต้อง
การทำ Hydrostatic Test ที่ถูกต้อง
(Integrity)
(Medium) ,
4
15 (psi)
(Pressure Vessel) ASME Code VIII Div.1
, Casing Pump Compressor Heat Exchanger
Code
ASME Code British Standard BS 5500 Code
(Wall thickness) (Corrosion Allowance,
CA)
Hydrostatic Test Page 2 of 16
(Medium)
Compressible Fluids
13
0.01 barg (Head 10 1 bar
30 cm. 0.03 bar )
2-2.5 bar
14
(Incompressible Fluid)
(Stored energy)
Diesel
(Flash point) 50oC
15
(Refractory) (Cryogenic
System) Nitrogen
Hydrostatic Test Page 3 of 16
(Test Pressure)
(Design Pressure)
(Operating Pressure)
(Test pressure) Yield Strength Safety Factor
ASME Code, VIII Div.1
18
Vessel :-
PR
t = + CA (1)
SE - 0.6P
22 t = Vessel, in.
P = Design Pressure, psi.
R = Vessel CA, in.
E = Joint Efficiency
26
CA
27 = , in.
S = Allowable Tensile stress, psi.
Yield Strength ( y )
Sy = (3)
1.5
(3)
36
1.5 Stress
SMYS ( Allowable stress 3)
Yield
37
1.5
Code ASME VIII Div.1
1.5
38
(Static head)
(Catalyst)
(Bulk density)
(Fluid Mechanics)
Hydrotest
40
Pressure gauge
Pressure gauge Test Pressure Static head
Pressure gauge
( 10 1 bar.)
1
42
30-35C
St
Pt = 1.5 P d (4)
Hydrostatic Test Page 5 of 16
46 Pt = test
Pd =
St
48 =
S
49 =
16,000
Fig. 1
14,000 Comparison of the m aximum
allow able stresses for various steels
12,000 plates at different temperatures (From
ASME VIII Div. 1)
10,000
Allowable stress, psi
8000
A 285 Gr. C
6000 A 515, A516 Gr. 60
A 387 5 Cl. 2 (5% C./ Mo)
4000
2000
o
Maximum Metal Temperature, C
13800
Pt = 1.5 x 18
12400
= 30.0 barg.
Test Stress
Hydrotest pressure
Stress Test (Test stress)
Hydrostatic Test Page 6 of 16
Hydrotest 12.55
15.5
Material : ASTM A516 Gr.70
Design Pressure : 18.00 barg.
Design temperature : 48 C
Test Pressure : 27.00 barg.
Corrosion Allowance : 1.5 mm.
Top wall thickness : 50.00 mm.
Bottom wall thickness : 53.00 mm.
Joint Efficiency : 1.0
Inlet, 6
PI
Thickness 50. 00 mm
ID = 12,55 0 mm
15. 5 m
Thickness 53.00 mm
Outlet, 8
Drain, 1
Hydro test
52.80 mm. Test stress :-
Pt = 413.97 psi.
P Ri
t = (5)
2SE - 0.2P
Hydrostatic Test Page 7 of 16
St =
2t
12550
Ri R = = 247.04 in.
2 x 25.4
52.80
t = = 2.079 in.
25.40
= 24,636.6 psi
Hydrotest
92
Hydrotest
Hydrostatic Test Page 8 of 16
Hydrotest
4 C
(Brittleness)
R-453 CHANNEL FAILURE
3
Failed in the longitudinal
direction of maximum
stress and perpendicular
to the forc e
3 hydrostatic test
Hydrotest
Hydrotest
test
Hydrotest
98
) Test Pressure
(Instrument)
Test pressure Safety valve
Hydrostatic Test Page 9 of 16
100
102
(Strength test)
(Design Pressure)
Hydrostatic Test Page 10 of 16
Strength test
30 min .
Time
3 4
(Vent) (Drain)
Hydrostatic Test
Hydrostatic test
test
Support (Foundation)
Thermowell Blind
106
10 bar
1.2
10 bar 113 Tons
(Bolts) 5
Hydrostatic Test Page 11 of 16
Vent
Hydrostatic end force,
Cover
Hydro static F = PxA
end force, F
10 x (120) 2
F =
4
= 113, 097 kg
D = 1.2 m
Pt = 10 b arg
Test pump
Tank
Drain
4
5
(Mechanical Explosion)
Pneumatic Test
Mechanical Explosion ,
.
111
6 7
TNT
2 4 68 2 4 68 2 4 68 2 4 68 2 4 68 2 4 68
105
104
103
102
10-5 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 1 10
2 4 6 8 2 4 6 8 2 4 6 8 2 4 6 8
105
104
103
102
10-2 10-1 1 10 102
6
TNT 7
TNT
Hydrostatic Test Page 13 of 16
t1 = blast wave arrival time, t2 = time required for the overpressure to decay back to zero
1 TNT 1
2
15
Hydrostatic Test Page 14 of 16
0.1
1,000 1,000
Fig. 8
1
Nomograph for
100
100 estimating
10 overpressure s
resulting from open-
10 10 air surface explosion
100
of s hemispherical
TNT charge
1 1 1000
0.1
Nomograph 8 TNT
5 m3
117
( 1.2 )
10 barg. ( )
:-
118
6 Burst energy
120 2 x 10-2 lb TNT/ft3
= 3.52 lb TNT
8 10
18 psig
Burst Energy
125 = 8 x 10-5 x 5 x (3.28)3
= 0.014 Ib TNT.
Hydrostatic Test Page 15 of 16
Hydrotest
127
Pneumatic test
128
Hydrotest
Pneumatic Test
0.1
1) ASME/ANSI B31.3; Chemical Plant and Petroleum Refinery Piping, 1987
2) ASME/ANSI B31.8; Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems, 1999
3) ;
, Pressure Vessels 2545
4) T.M. Flynn; Cryogenic Engineering, Mercel Dekker Inc., 1997
5) ASME VIII Div 1; Pressure Vessel, 1995
Hydrostatic Test Page 16 of 16
6) J. R. Farr and M. H. Jawad; Guidebook for the Design of ASME Section VIII
Pressure Vessels, 2nd. Edition, ASME Press, 2001
.. (), .., .507
American Society of Mechanical Engineers