Functions

Relations
-Notes by M. Deepa
What is a set?
A set is a well-defined collection of
objects
Example 1
Set A = { Factors of 36 }
A = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36 }
Example 2
Set B = { x : 2 ≥ x > 7 }
B = { 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }
What is a relation?
A relationis the linking of the elements of
two or more different sets.
How can we represent a relation between
sets?
An A graph
arrow diagram

Ordered pairs
{(2,6), (2,12), (3,6), (3,9), (3,12)}
What are the components of a relation?
Domain – First set
Codomain – Second set
Object – Element in domain
Image – Element in codomain which is
 linked to the objects
Range – Set of images
 Example 3

IN THIS RELATION,
- DOMAIN = { 6, 9, 12 }
- CODOMAIN = { 0, 2, 3 }
- OBJECTS OF 2 ARE 6 AND 12.
- IMAGE OF 9 IS 3.
- RANGE = { 2, 3 }

*** 0 IS A NON-IMAGE, AND THUS IS NOT INCLUDED IN

THE RANGE. HOWEVER, IT IS INCLUDED IN
CODOMAIN.
 One-to-one relation  One-to-many relation
◦ Each object has only one ◦ One or more object(s) has
image many images

 Many-to-many relation
 Many-to-one relation ◦ One or more object(s) has
◦ One or more image(s) has many images and one or more
many objects image(s) has many objects

Types of Relations
Of relations

THE END...