Introduction To Chemistry

CHEMISTRY

ELEMENT,
COMPOUND
AND
MIXTURE
What is an element ?
Element
A chemical substance
 Simplest substance
 Cannot be decomposed
to a simpler substance

 Built up from one type

of atoms only
 ELEMENT

Metal Non-Metal

(l) (s) (g) (l) (s)

(g) – gas (l) – liquid (s) - solid

Examples of Metals

( Sodium )
Na

Use :
Sodium Lamp
 Copper Cu
Use : Electric Conductor
 Calcium Ca
Use : Calcium ions needed to form bones
and teeth
 Aluminium Al
Use: Making of cooking pots and pans
Gold ; Aurum Au
Use : Jewelry
 Iron; Ferum Fe
Use : Construction of buildings
and bridges
 Lead Pb
Uses : Water pipes
Pipes for wiring
 Magnesium Mg
Use : Crackers and Fireworks
Platinum Pt
Use: Jewelry
 Potassium K
Use : Potassium salts
- agricultural fertilizers
Silver Ag
Use : Jewelry
 Tin Sn
Use : Making containers
 Zinc Zn
Uses : Dry cells;
Roofing for houses
 Mercury Hg
Use : In Thermometers
Examples of Non-Metals

Chlorine Cl
Use : Killing germs in water
supply
 Argon Ar
Use : Lighting Bulbs
 Bromine Br
Use : Photography
 Boron B
Use : Making
Medicine in pharmacy
 Helium He
Use : Filling balloons
 Carbon C
Diamond & Graphite
Hydrogen H
Use: Fuel
 Iodine I
Use : Antiseptic
 Neon Ne
Use : Neon Lights
 Nitrogen N
Use : Liquid Nitrogen –
Refrigeration Coolant
 Oxygen O
Use : Gas for Breathing
Phosphorus P
Use : Matches
 Silicon Si
Use : Computer CPU
 Sulphur S
Use : Manufacture of
Sulphuric Acid
What is a Compound ?
 A Chemical
 Consists of 2 or
more elements
chemically combined
 Chemical Bond
between the particles
Examples of Compounds

Ammonium Chloride
Use : Dry Batteries
Constituents : H , N , Cl
 Glucose

Use : Carbohydrates
Constituents : H , C , O
 Sodium Chloride

Use : Flavor for Food

Constituents : Na , Cl
 Calcium carbonate

Use : Building material

Constituents : Ca , C, O
 Sulphuric acid

Use : Car Accumulator

Constituents : H , S , O
 Urea

Use : Nitrogeneous Fetilizer

Constituents : C , H , O , N
 Copper (II) sulphate

Use: Fungicide
Constituents : Cu , S , O , H
 Potassium nitrate

Use : Agricultural Fertilizers

Constituents : K , N , O
 Ethanoic acid

Use : Vinegar
Constituents : C , H , O
Trichloromethane (Chloroform)

Use : Anaesthetic
Cost : C , H , Cl
What is a Mixture ?
 Substance consisting of 2
or more substances
physically combined
together
 Components : Elements
or/and compounds
 Components can be
separated by physical
means
Examples of Mixtures
Air– Oxygen, Nitrogen,
Carbon dioxide, water
vapor etc
 Soil

Constituents : Humus, sand,

air, water, minerals etc.
 Milk

Components : Lactose, water,

proteins, vitamins, minerals etc