vGwfvyfa&;MudK;yrf;rI&ufpGJorkdif;

3 ar 1945 jAdwo d Q trSwf 26

1 tdE,
´ wyfrrS wyfr[monf n
tcsdefwGif vIdifjrpfukd jzwfum
&efukefoabFmqdyfokdY 0ifa&muf
onf/
[Field Marshal Sir William Jo-
seph Slim Defeat into Victory
London Cassell and Company Ltd
ausmfNidrf; 1956 .P 507 ; hereafter cited as
Slim Defeat into Victory]
ñTefMum;a&;rSL; [Mountbatten, Earl,Report to the
Combined Chiefs of Staff by the
wuúokdvfrsm;orkdif;okawoeOD;pD;Xme 9 Supreme Allied Commander
South East Asia 1943-45, New
York Philosophical Library 1951.
P145-157 : Hereafter Cited as
Mountbatten’s Report ]

&ckdif½kd;rrS qkwfcGmoGm;onfh
vGwfvyfa&;BudK;yrf;rI *syefwyfzUJG wpfzUJG u Akv
atmifqef;\ A[kpd pfO;D pD;XmecsKyf
d cf sKyf

&ufpGJorkdif;
(3 ar 1945 rS 4 Zefe0g&D 1948 )
pcef;wnf&dS&m o&ufacsmif;&Gm
4 a&muf&v
qef;uk,
Sd monf/ Akv
d w
d cf sKyfatmif
f idk Of ;D pD;í XmecsKyu f if;
wyfu *syefwyfudk wku d cf u
dk &f m
*syefwyf qkwfcGmoGm;onf/
«Akv d rf if;acgif? AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifh
&J a bmf o k H ; usd y f/&efukef/ csKdaw;oH
ykEH ydS /f 1968/ pm 325- 326/ aemifu;dk
um;vQif Adv k rf if;acgif &JabmfokH;usdyf
[kñTef;rnf»
« ocifwifjr? zufqpfawmfvSefa&;
5 XmecsKyfESifh wdkif;q,fwkdif;? (wwd,
tMudr)f ? &efuek v f yk o
f m; ykEH ydS /f 1976/
1 1
ausmfNidrf;
pm 342/ aemifu;dk um;vQif ocifwifjr 52/aemifukd;um;vQif*syefppftkyfcsKyf uk;d um; vQif ukdpufaztpD&ifcHpm [k
Akvd cf sKyaf tmifqef; taemuf
zufqpfawmfvSefa&; [kñeT ;f rnf» a&;acwf[kñTef;rnf/» ñTef;rnf» wkid ;f ppfXmecsKyf wyfaygif;pk wyf
&if;trSwf 6 ppfXme ½k;H pku d &f m

Armjynf uGejf rLepfygwDu 5 ar 1945 t"dywd a'gufwm ykPÖm;&GmokdY a&muf&dSonf/
&efuek Nf rdKU? prf;acsmif;&yf? Am;u barmfEiS hf *syefacwftpk;d &tzGUJ 0if
NAdwo d Qa&aMumif;csD trSwf 15 «wyf&if;6 ppfrSwfwrf; pm 78»
&mvrf;? tdrt f rSwf 138 wGiyf gwD 0efMuD;rsm;tm;vk;H uwGerf S armf wyfr\ a&S;ajy;wyf jzpfonfh
qkid ;f bkww f ifyJG tcrf;tem; jyK vNrdKifoYdk ul;onf/ trSwf 26 tdE, d´ wyfrS wyfzUJG
vkyfonf/ «AE¨KvOD;pdef t*Fvdyfajy;rif; pm 97» tcsKUd onf &efuek Nf rdKU ajrmufbuf
Akv
d rf LS ;MuD;ae0if;u zufqpf
«jynfwGif;aomif;usef;rI orkdif;? &ef okYd cswD uf&m vSn;f ul;wGif NAdwd awmfveS af &; atmifycJG o H nfo h wif;
uke/f ykwH u
dk yf EHk ydS cf Ek pS rf od/ pm 11/ 6 ar 1945 zufqpf*syefawmf oQ trSwf 14 Munf;aMumif;csD ESihf &efuek Nf rdKUukd Armhwyfrawmf
aemifukd;um;vQif jynfwGif;aomif; vSeaf &; wkid ;f -7 (taemufyidk ;f ) wyfrawmfEiS hf awGUqkH qufo, G rf d
usef;rIorkdif; [kñTef;rnf» uodr;f ,lonft h aMumif;ukd t*Fvyd f
wyfaygif;pkwyf&if; trSwf 6? onf/ vSn;f ul;wGif trSwf 26 jrefrmESpb f momjzifh urÇmodYktoH
wyf&if;ppfXme½k;H pku d &f m ykPmÖ ;&Gm tdE, d´ wyfronf trSwf 14 wyf vTifhaMunmonf/

t"dywd a'gufbarmf\ cGijhf yK okYd Akvd cf sKyfatmifqef;xHrS r[m rawmf\wku d ½f u
dk t f yk cf sKyfrI vuf [New Burma in the new world.
csuft& *syefacwftpk;d &tzGUJ 0if rdwEf iS hf rnfoYdk tquftoG,&f Sd atmufoYdk ajymif;vJ a&muf&Sd Rongoon, NAY WIN KYI Press.
0efMuD; AE¨KvOD;pdew
f Ykd vlpo
k nf aMumif; tpD&ifc&H efEiS hf ¤if;wkYd onf/ 1946.PP 30-35.hereafter cited as
ntcsed wf iG f uwGerf S armfvjrdKif twGupf cef;aumif;&Smxm;&ef pm [Mountbatten’s Report,P 161]
New Burma in the new world]
okYd ul;onf/ wpfapmifa&muf&dSonf/
« AE¨KvOD;pdeft*Fvdyfajy;rif;/ &efuek /f
«taemufwidk ;f wyfaygif;pk wyf&if;
oD&ad Z,sKEH ydS /f 1946/ pm 97/ aemifu;dk
Oa&my ppfrsuEf mS wGif *smref
trSwf 6 ta&;awmfyt Hk wGi;f aeYpOf 7 ar 1945 jrefrmEkid if H 'kw, d
um;vQif AE¨KvOD;pdef t*Fvdyfajy;rif; wyfrsm; ta&;edrjhf y;D ½kid ;f rf
ppfrw
S w
f rf;/ wyfrawmfaeY pmapmif-
[kñTef;rnf» jrdKUjya&;&m t&m&dScsKyf &if;epf
1960/ &efuek /f *E¨rmykEH ydS /f 1960/ (Rheins) NrdKUwGif 2;41 em&Dü
pm 78/ aemifu;dk um;vQif wyf&if;6 (Mr. C.B Renrick) ESihf yvdyrf if; vufeufcsofnf/ *smrefwyfrsm;
4 ar 1945 NAw d o
d Q trSwf 17 ppfrSwfwrf; [kñTef;rnf» MuD;wkYd &efuek Nf rdKUokYd a&muf&v
Sd m vufeufcsonfh pmcsKyfudk *smref
tdE, d´ wyfr[m vufatmuf&Sd oH onf/ xkYdaemuf &efuek Nf rdKUukd a&wyfAkdvfcsKyf [ef;pfzGefz&uf'D
csyu f mwifu h m;wyfrsm;onf yJc;l trSwf -1 ppftyk cf sKyaf &; {&d,m bk;d (Admiral Hans Von Friede-
NrdKUudk jzwfausmfí &efuf ek Nf rdKUokYd
jrpf0uRe;f ay: ppfa&;wm0efcH tjzpf owfrSwfaqmif&Gufonf/ burg) ppfoMl uD; tJz&uf *lpwyf
csDwufonf/ AkdvfrSL;MuD;ae0if; &efukefNrdKUokdY [Donnison, British Military Ad-
,lw,f (Field Marshal Alfred
«rpöwm tkw d wufqal eZkd *syefppftkyf ministration into Far East.
a&muf&dSonf/ 1943-16, London Her Majesty Gustan jodl) ESihf ¤if;\uk, d af &;
csKyfa&;acwfjrefrmEkdifiH (tkdEkd;wkd;½k «ukpd ufazrS Akv
d cf sKyaf tmifqef;okYd tpD Office 1956. PP 109-110. Here-
jrefrmbmomjyef)/ &efukefyk*Hpmtkyf after cited as Donnison British
t&m&dS Akv
d cf sKyf 0Dv[
f ed ;f tlZ;D eD;
&ifcpH m/ wyfrawmfaeYpmapmif-1960/
wkud Ef iS u
hf rk m&ykEH ydS w
f u
dk /f 1975/ pm- &efuek /f *E¨rm ykEH ydS /f pm 33-40/ aemif Military Adiministration]
,m; (Major General Wilhelm

2 2 3
 vGwfvyfa&;MudK;yrf;rI&ufpGJorkdif;
Oxenius)wkdYu vufrSwfa&;xkd; ausmjf idr;f wkYdu owif;q&m vyfa&;&&d&S eftwGuf jrefrmhwyfr
10 em&Dtcsed w f iG f *syefwyf
onf/ tpnf;ta0; (Press Interview) awmfonf toufpeG Yf&ef toif&h Sd tiftm; 540 cefY ykPmÖ ;&GmokYd csD
[C.L.SULZBERGER World jyKvkyfonf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif aMumif; ajymMum;onf/ wufvm&m Akv d pf aH &TO;D pD;í wyf
War II.Newyork, American Her-
itage Press. 1985. P 269: Hereafer Akv d rf LS ;Mu;D ae0if;u jrefrmhwyfr « OD;ausmjf idr;f ? ajratmufolykef rSwfpk pdww f pfpw d jf zifh &Gm0rS qD;MudK
cided as SULZBERGER World awmfonf 1942 ckEp Su f jAdwo d Q (vufEydS pf ufr)l pm 45/ aemifu;dk um; wku d cf u
dk &f m &efol 9 a,mufus
War II ] tm; cHíwku d cf jhJ cif;rSm jAdwo d Q0ef vQif OD;ausmfjidrf; rSwfpk [kñTef;rnf» qk;H í 17 a,muf 'Pf&m&onf/
«pufaztpD&ifcHpm pm 37»
MuD;csKyf csmcsu D twåvEÅw d cf sm tiftm; rrQí Akv d pf aH &Twyfpw d f
wmrSm jrefrmEkid if H rywfowf&[k qkwcf mG &onf/ *syefwyf ykPmÖ ;

&efukefNrdKUukd r[mrdwfwyfrsm;
jrefrmEki d if H jrdKUjya&;&mt&m&dS
ajymqkí d vnf;aumif;/ *syefvQKUd &GmwGif wpfaeYv;Hk pcef;csonf/
odr;f ykud jf yD;aemuf jrdKUjya&;&m 0Sufukd,fpm;vS,frsm;u jrefrmh csKyf Akv
d cf sKyfy;D ,m; (Major Gen-
nae 5 em&DwiG f Akv d cf sKyaf tmif
t&m&dS tcsKUd u tm&Sta&SUawmif vGwv eral C.F.E Pearce) ae&mwGif Akv d f
f yfa&; ay;rnf[k uwd&í Sd qef;onf ykPmÖ ;pcef;rS o&ufjrdKU
ykdif; r[mrdwfppfaoemywdcsKyf vnf;aumif;/ xku csKyf &efYpf (Major General Sir.
d wdudk *syef okYd c&D;xGucf mG onf/
armifb h ufweftm; zwyvukd eef;&if;0efw*dk sKu Hubert Rance)tm; cefYtyfonf/
d 21? azaz:0g&D? [Donnison British Military
«wyf&if; 6 ppfrSwfwrf; pm 80»
rw&m;toif;aMunm&efEiS hf Akv d f 1942 wGif *syef'idk , f uf vGwf Adiministration.P 108]
csKyf atmifqef;ukd ppf&mZ0wf awmfwiG f twdtvif; xyfrí H
aumifwpfOD;taeESifh zrf;qD;csKyf aMunmaomaMumifhvnf;aumif; 13 ar 1945 NAw d o
d Qwyf *GNrKd Uukd
11 ar 1945 10 em&DwiG f &ckid ½f ;dk
aESmifxm;&ef wku d w
f eG ;f ta&;qkd jzpfonf/ okYdtwGuf Ekid if jH cm; odrf;ykdufonf/
rrS qkwcf mG vmaom *syefwyfrsm;
onf/ tultnD,í l olyek x f rSom [Mountbatten’s Report,P 147]
[Mountbatten’s Report, P 201/ ykPmÖ ;&Gm twGi;f okYd 0ifa&muf
230]
vGwv f yfa&;&rnf[k ,kMH unfí onf/ xkt d csed w
f iG f Akv
d cf sKyaf tmif
t*Fvyd u f dk cHíwku d cf ahJ Mumif;/ okYd qef;ESihf Akvd rf LS ;MuD; aZ,swkYd rmS
aomf *syefonf ¤if;\uwdudk ykPmÖ ;&Gm tjyifwiG f pcef;csae
ocifoef;xGe;f &efuek Nf rdKUokYd
a&muf&dSonf/
9 ar 1945 jAdwo d Qwyfrsm;u rwnfbJ jrefrmhvw G v f yfa&;tppf aomaMumifh &efoUl taESmuf
«OD;ausmfjidrf;rSwfpk pm45»
oHwGJNrdKUudk odrf;ykdufonf/ ukd ray;ojzifh vnf;aumif;/ t,Surf S vGwu f if;oGm;onf/
[Mountbatten’s Report, P 147] *syefzufqpf\ oabmudk em; «wyf&if;6 ppfrSwfwrf; pm 80»
vnfívnf;aumif;/ *syefujdk yef
wkud cf ahJ Mumif;/ jrefrmhwyfrawmf 12 ar 1945 *syefacwfjrefrm 14 ar 1945 zwyv tzGUJ csKyf
10 ar 1945 &efuek Nf rKd U a&T onfvw G v f yfa&;twGuf t*Fvyd f tpk;d &tzGUJ 0efMuD;rsm; armfvjrdKif acgif;aqmifrsm;u Ekid if jH cm;
awmifMum;vrf;&dS EkdifiHjcm;a&;½kH; udk vnf;aumif;? *syefudk vnf; rS rk'oHk Ydk ajymif;a&GUonf/ owif;axmufrsm;ukd zdwaf c:um
okYd Ekid if jH cm;owif;axmufrsm;udk aumif;? ESpMf udrw f idk wf idk f wkud cf hJ «AE¨KvOD;pdeft*Fvdyfajy;rif; pm 98» owif;pmq&mrsm; tpnf;ta0;
zdwí f d rf LS ;MuD;ae0if;ESihf OD; Muí aemifuv
Akv dk nf; jrefrmhvw G f jyKvyk o
f nf zwyvtzGUJ csKyf aMu
nmcsuf (Anti- Fascist People’s
4 5 3
ausmfNidrf;
Freedon League Statements) ukd 17 ar 1945 jAdwo d Qtpk;d &u onfh &Sr;f jynfe,fEiS hf e,fjcm; MuD;yGm;a&;twGuf vli,frsm;
xkwfjyefonf/ jrefrmEkid if H tkycf sKyaf &;rl0g' o awmifwef;a'o aexkid o f rl sm; ESihf oufqidk af om wm0efrsm;
[New Burma in the new world, abmxm; aMunmcsuf jzpfonfh onf jrefrmEkid if EH iS hf yl;aygif;&ef ukd xrf;&Gu&f ef/
PP36-48] puúLjzLpmwrf; (Write Paper) udk qE´r&do
S í xkad 'orsm;ukd bk&if 3/ vli,fhjyKjyifa&; vkyfief;ukd
«vlx*k sme,f? twG-J 1/ trSw-f 1/ 17- xkwjf yefonf/ xkpd mwrf;wGif ppf cHutkycf sKyfxm;rnf[k yg&do S nf/ xda&mufpGm aqmif&Guf&ef/
7-45/ 1945 ESpf/ rEåav;MuD;yGm; [Burma : The Struggle for in-
a&;ykHESdyf? rEÅav;jrdKU/ aemifukd;um; jyD;umv jrefrmEkid if w H iG f jyefvnf
dependence (1944-48) Vol .I Ed-
rS w f c suf
vQif vlxk*sme,f [kñTef;rnf» xlaxmifa&;vkyfief;ukd yxrOD; ited by Huge Tinker, London Her vli,ft h pnf;t½k;H MuD;onf ygwD
pGm aqmif&u G rf nf/ jyefvnfxl Majesty Stationery Office 1983.P EkdifiHa&;rS vkH;0a&SmifMuOf&rnf/
262-4 : hereafter Cited as Burma
15 ar 1945 Akv d cf sKyaf tmifqef; axmifa&;vkyif ef;rsm;wGif jAdwo d Q
Struggle Vol.I]
okYdaomf ,ckwu dk q
f J jzpfaom
onf {&m0wDjrpfudk avSjzifjh zwf tpk;d &u b@ma&;tultnDay; zufqpfwkdufckdufrI ta&;udkum;
ul;um atmifvjH rdKUteD;&dS NAdwd rnf/ jrefrmEkid if H bk&ifcu H jAdwd
jrefrmEkid if v
H ;Hk qkid &f m vli,f jrefrmwpfEkdifiHvHk;\ ta&;[ko
oQtrSwf 33 wyfrMS uD;okYd a&muf oQtpk;d &xH wm0efcí H 1935ckEpS f rsm; tpnf;t½k;H u taxGaxGneT f abmxm;um r[mrdww f Ydk bufrS
&dvS monf/ xkYdrw S pfqifh jAdwo d Q jrefrmEkid if H pD&iftyk cf sKyfrI Oya' Mum;csut f rSwf 1 ukd xkwjf yef vkH;0tEkdif&onhfwkdifatmif zuf
trSwf 14 wyfrawmf&&Sd m rdwv D¬ m tyk'f 139 t&? 9 'DZifbm 1948 onf/ xkdñTefMum;csufwGif qpfwkdufzsufa&; jynfolUvGwf
NrdKUokYd av,mOfjzifh xGucf mG onf/ ckEpS t f xd rdrw d pfO;D wnf; oabm jrefrmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m vyfa&; tpnf;t½k;H MuD;ESihf yl;
[British Military Administra- jzifh tkyc f sKyfrnf/ taxGaxGa&G; vli,frsm;tpnf;t½kH; aygif;aqmif&u G rf nf jzpfaMumif;/
tion (April -August) 1945: Spec- aumufyu JG si;f yí yk'rf 139 ½kwf ,cif Oa&myppfMuD;twGi;f u jAd
trum: May 1971: hereafter cited taxGaxGñTefMum;csuf
as British Military Administra- odr;f Eki do
f nf/ þtqifw h iG v
f wG f trSwf 1? 17-5-45/ wdoQ vkvifuif;axmufrsm;\
tion (April -August) 1945] awmfukd,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh jrefrm ta&SUtm&S vli,frsm;tpnf;t½k;H erlemtwkdif; ulnDaqmif&GufMu
[Donnison British Military Eki d if &H dS Ekid if aH &;ygwDtoD;oD; nd§ &rnfjzpfaMumif;/
Adiministration.P 355] ukd jrefrmEkid if v H ;Hk qkid &f m vli,f
«ocifwifjr zufqpfawmfvSefa&; pm EIdif;wkdifyifjyD; zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOy rsm; tpnf;t½k;H [laom trnf A*srf;
115» a' a&;qGrJ nf/ zGUJ pnf;ykH tajccH okYd ajymif;jyD;vQif atmufyg&nf XmecsKyfOuú|
Oya'ukd jAdwo d Qtpk;d &u axmuf &G,frsm;twkdif; qufvufaqmif trSwf 8? uk, d rhf if;uk,
d cf si;f vrf;/
16 ar 1945 rdwv D¬ mjrdKUwGif cHjyD;onfhtcg jAdwdoQtpkd;&ESifh &GufoGm;rnf jzpfaMumif;/ &efukefaejynfawmf/
AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifh jAdwdoQ jrefrmtpk;d & qufqaH &; udp/ö &nf&G,fcsufrsm;
Akv D pH vif;wkYd awGU b@ma&;udprö sm; aqG;aEG; pmcsKyf
d cf sKyMf uD; 0Dv, 1/ jrefrmwpfEkdifiHvkH;&dS wkdif;&if; 18 ar 1945 Adv k cf sKyaf tmifqef;
qkHaqG;aEG;onf/ csKyrf nf/ xkYdaemuf jrefrmEkid if H om; vli,f usm;-r taygif; rdw¬DvmNrdKUrS &efukefjrdKUokdY av
[Slim Defeat into Victory P 156- onf NAdwo d Q"eo[m,twGi;f ,mOfjzifh jyefvnfa&muf&dSonf/
wkYd\tiftm;ukd pk½;Hk aoG;pnf;
157 ] uk, d yf idk tf yk cf sKyfa&;&&drS nf/ txl; [British Military Administra-
&ef/ tion (April -August) 1945]
owfrw S x f m;aom e,fajrjzpf 2/ EkdifiHESifhjynfolwkdY\ wkd;wuf «vuf½kH;*sme,f 11 {jyD 1946/ ¿»
4 6 7


Akv
d cf sKyaf tmifqef; &efuek f
a&mufvQifa&mufjcif; &efukefjrdKU
okYd MudKwifa&muf&aSd eaom Akv
rSL;MuD;ae0if;? Akv d rf LS ;MuD;vufsm?
ocifp;dk ? ocifoef;xGe;f ? OD;ausmf
jidr;f ? OD;AaqGwYdkEiS hf ppfa&;Ekid if aH &;
tajctaersm;ukd wkid yf ifaqG;aEG;
onf/ xkdYaemufzwyvtzGJUcsKyf
MuD;ukd pepfwus jyefvnfzUJG pnf;
&efEiS hf r[mrdww f yfrsm;ESiv hf nf;
aumif;/ ppftyk cf sKyfa&;tzGUJ ESihf
qufqH&mwGif zwyvtaejzifh
qufqHoGm;&ef qkH;jzwfonf/
«ocifwifjrzufqpfawmfvSefa&; pm
117»
19 ar 1945 ukpd ufaz (Akv d rf LS ;
MuD;ae0if;)uAkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;
xHoYdk jrpf0uRe;f ay:wkid ;f zufqpf
awmfveS af &; tajctaersm;udk
tpD&ifcHonf/
«pufaztpD&ifcHpm pm 33-40»
24 ar 1945 &efu f ek Nf rdKUa&Tawmif
wef;vrf;? tdrt
f rSwf 61 wGif
tvkyo f rm;tpnf;t½k;H rsm; tzGUJ
csKyf (jrefrmEkdifiH) Trade Unio
Congress (Burma) TUCB ukd jyef
vnf zGUpJ nf;onf/ tvkyt f rI
aqmif tzGUJ 0ifrsm;rSm
Ouú| ocifausmfped f
'kw, d Ouú| ocifp&H
twGif;a&;rSL; ociffvSauR
d f wGJzuftwGif;a&;rSL;
ocifat;armif
wkdYjzpfonf/
«ocifvaS uR 'D;'kwfOD;bcsKdESifhtvkyf
orm;nD n G w f a &;? ½Ia'gifh*sme,f?
trSwf 58/ 15-8-71/ pm 20-21/
aemifu;dk um;vQif ocifvaS uR 'D;'kwf
OD;bcsKdESifh tvkyform;nDnGwfa&;
[kñTef;rnf»
25 ar 1945 zwyvtwGi;f a&;
rSL; ocifoef;xGe;f u ]]zufqpf
wkud zf suaf &;ESihf jynfoUl vGwv f yf
a&;tzGUJ csKyf (jrefrmEkid if )H \ 0g'
ESihf avmavmq,f vkyif ef;tpD
tpOf}} [laom aMunmcsuu f dk
ta&SUawmiftm&S ppfaoemywd
csKyf armifb h ufwefxaH y;ykYd onf/
[Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 290
-291]
[New Burma in the new world,
P-37]

NAw
d o
d Q trSwf 26 tdE, d´ wyf
ru ykord jf rdKUudk odr;f yku
d of nf/
[Slim Defeat into Victory P 163]
28 ar 1945 jAdwo d QtrSwf 33
wyfrMuD;ukd zsuford ;f vku
d jf yD; jAd
wdoQ trSwf 12 wyfrawmfXme
8 9
vGwfvyfa&;MudK;yrf;rI&ufpGJorkdif;
csKyfudk &efuek Nf rdKUü wnfaxmif
Akv
d rf LS ;bxl;onf &Sr;f jynf
onf/ trSwf 12 wyfrawmfXme awmifyidk ;f atmifyef;NrdKUe,f Mum
csKyu
f dk Akv
d cf sKyMf uD; pawmhzYdk (Sir 'k;d &GmteD; w,fv;l pcef;wGif iSuf
Montagu Stopford) u tkyc f sKyf zsm;a&m*gjzifh uG,fvGefonf/
onf/ « txufjrefrmjynf wyfaygif; &Srf;
[Mountbatten’s Report,P 166] jynfe,fawmifykdif; ppfrsufESm rSwf
wrf;? vlx*k sme,f? wG-J 1/ trSw-f 2/
1-8-75»
ZG e f v «aiGwm&Dr*¾Zif;/ rwf? 1969/ pm 15-
19»
1 ZGef 1945 NAdwo d QygvDrefü «armifow k AkdvfrSL;MuD;Axl;/ vrf;pOf
puúLjzL pmwrf;ukd aqG;aEG;jyD; owif;/ wG-J 3/ trSw-f 7/
aemufNAdwo d Q0efBuD;tzGUJ u 1945 1-4-67/ pm-3»
«jrefrmhtvif;owif;pm 7-7-45/
ckESpf jrefrmEkdifiH ,m,Djyifqif aemifu;dk um;vQif jrefrmhtvif; [k
csuf Oaya'Murf;udk wifoiG ;f í
ñTef;rnf»
jrefrmEkid if b
H &k ifcH qma':refprpf «wyfrawmfaeYpmapmif1960/ pm 50»
\ wku d ½f u
dk t
f yk cf sKyaf &; umv
twGut f a&;ay:tmPmukd twnf
jyKonf/
4 ZGef 1945 jrefrmacgif;aqmif
[Great Britain Parliamenlary rsm;\ yxrtMudrf tpnf;ta0;
Deballes,(Hansoand) Vol 411 (1
ukd zwyvXmecsKyfwiG f usi;f y
June 1645) PP 495-550]
onf/ tpnf;ta0;okYd
2 ZGef 1945 tm&Sta&SUawmif 1/ OD;bab 0efMuD;a[mif;ESihf
ykid ;f ppfaoemywdcsKyf armifb h uf jynfojl ynfom;tzGUJ Pople Party
wefu jrefrmwkYd tay:ü xm;&dS acgif;aqmif/
tyfaom0g'oabmxm; (Policy 2/ OD;yk 0efMuD;a[mif;ESihf United
Toword Burma)ukx d w k jf yefonf/ Party acgif;aqmif/
[Mountbatten’s Report, PP230- 3/ OD;boef; 0efMuD;a[mif;ESifh
231] rsKd;cspfygwDacgif;aqmif/
4/ OD;wif jrefrmukeo f nfMuD;rsm;
toif;ukd,fpm;vS,f/
5
ausmfNidrf;
5/ 'D;'kwfOD;bcsKd azvD,yH gwD ief;wGif wkdif;oljynfom;tm;vkH; uk;d um;vQifvx l Ok ;D vS ppfjyD;p Arm om oufqidk í f &efuek jf rdKUMuD;
acgif;aqmif/ wkYd nDnn D w G nf w G f yg0ifMu&ef jynf(y) [k ñTe;f rnf» jyefvnfpnfum;atmif jyKjyif&ef
6/ OD;ausmfjidrf; jynfoUl ta&; wku d wf eG ;f EI;d aqmfjcif;wkYd udk o 14 ZGef 1945 Akv d cf sKyaf tmifqef; ESihf *syefrsm;ukd jrefrmjynfrS ESif
awmfykHygwD ukd,fpm;vS,f/ abmwlqkH;jzwfonf/ xkw&f efom wm0ef&aSd Mumif;/ Edik f
u ta&SUtm&Sr[mrdwf ppfaoem
7/ ocif0wif ocifygwD uk, d f «aeol&ed rf w
S w f rf;? &efuek /f oHawmf iHa&;pum; tkyfcsKyfa&;pum;wkdY
pm;vS,f/ qifo h wif;pmwku d /f 1946/ pm2-3/ ywdcsKyf armifbh ufwefxH jrefrm
ukd bk&ifcH qma':refprpf uom
8/ apmbOD;MuD; Karen Ceneral aemifu;dk um;vQif aeol &defrSwfwrf; wyfrawmfudpr ö sm;ESifh pyfvsOf;í
ajymEkdifaMumif; ajymMum;onf/
[kñTef;rnf» pma&;om;ay;ykdYonf/
Organization uk, d pf m;vS,/f [Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 326
«vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;pArmjynf(y)/ pm
«Ekid if aH &;acgif;aqmifrsm; tpnf;ta0;
9/ apmbarmif Karen Ceneral 29-30»
R 7115/ DSHRC» - 327]
[Mountbatten’s Report,P 203]
Organization ukd,fpm;vS,f/ [Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP -339
10/ OD;cspfarmif The Press, Jour- 7 ZGef 1945 jAdwo d Qwyfrsm; u 15 ZGef 1945 jAdwo d Q ygvDref - 340]
nalists and Authors. avmNrdKUudk odrf;ykdufonf/ txufvw T af wmfu puúLjzL pm
11/ AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef; ppfao [Mountbatten’s Report,P 163] wrf;udk twnfjyKonf/ 18 ZGef 1945 jrefrmEkid if H bk&ifcH
emywd? jrefrmhrsKd;cspfwyfrawmf/ qma':refprpf\ zdwMf um;cH&
12/ ocifoef;xGef; uGejf rLepfyg 11 ZG e f 1945 Armjynf ue
G j
f rLepf
&efue k Nf rdKU jynfvrf;&dS a*ghzf onfh jrefrmacgif;aqmifMuD;rsm;
wDEiS hf zwyv uk, d pf m;vS,f ygwD r S ocif o ef
; xG e ;
f u Ak v
d c
f sKyf upm;uGi;f (,ckawmfveS af &; yef; ESihf zwyv OD;pD;tzGUJ 0ifrsm;
wkYd wufa&mufMujy;D tpnf; atmif q ef
; tm; jrpf0 uRef; ay:&d S jcH)wGif atmifjrifjcif; txdr;f tpnf;ta0;usi;f yonf/ (jrefrm
ta0;wGif Ouú| tjzpf OD;bab? rsKd;cspfjrefrmwyfrawmf zsuford ;f trSwf wyfaygif;pkH Akv d ½f o
I bif? Ekid if aH &;acgif;aqmifrsm;\'kw, d
twGi;f a&;rSL; tjzpf ocifoef; jzpf&ef pma&;onf/ u usi;f yonf/ Akv d ½f o
I bifoYdk tMudrt f pnf;ta0;jzpfonf/ xkd
xGe;f wkYdaqmif&u f nf/ tpnf; «1944 ckEpS f *syefukdcHcs&efpkdif;jyif; ta&SUtm&S
G o ppfaoemywdcsKyf tpnf;ta0;wGif
ta0;wGif zufqpfwkdufzsufa&; MupOfu uGejf rLepfygwD\ xkwjf yef armifb h ufwef wufa&mufonf/ (u) ppftyk cf sKyfa&;ukd tjrefq;Hk
jynfolUvGwfvyfa&;tzGJUcsKyfu aM1946 unmcsu/f &efuek /f z qyv ykEH ydS /f
/ pm 20-26» [Mountbatten’s Report,P 203] &yfpJ&ef/
wifjyaom0g'ESihf avmavmq,f « vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;pArmjynf(y) pm (c) ppfty k cf sKyfa&; &yfqo
J nfEh iS hf
vkyif ef; tpDtpOfudk twnfjyK 13 ZGef 1945 jAdwo d Qavwyfu 20-25» ,m,DtrsKd;om;tpkd;& zGJU&ef/
jcif;/ a&;NrdKU ajrmufyidk ;f oGm;a&mufonfh (*) ,m,DtrsKd;om; tpk;d &zGUJ jyD;
jrefrmhwyfrawmfEiS hf *syefwYdk *syefppfbuf rD;&xm;ESihf rD;&xm; 16 ZGef 1945 &efuek Nf rKUd tpk;d & í wpfEpS t f wGi;f wGif jrefrmEkid if H
ukd wkdufckdufcJholrsm;tm; tNrJ vrf;rsm;udk AkH;BuJcsonf/ tdraf wmfü {nfch yH o JG bif usi;f y tkycf sKyaf &; a&;qGrJ nfh t&G,f
wrf; ppfwyfwpfck jyefvnfzGJU «vlxOk ;D vS owif;pmrsm;u ajymjywJh onf/ ,if;tcrf;tem;wGif armifh a&mufol a,mufsm;wkid ;f rde;f r
pnf;&ef awmif;qkjd cif;ESihf wkid ;f ppfjyD;p Armjynf yxrwG/J rEÅav; bufwefu rdro d nf ppfaoem wkid ;f u a&G;aumuf wifajr§muf
jynfjyefvnf xlaxmifa&; vkyf MuD;yGm;a&;yHEk ydS /f 1969 /pm 27/ aemif ywdcsKyftjzpf ppftkyfcsKyfa&;eSifh onfh wkid ;f jyKjynfjyKvGwaf wmfMuD;

6 10 11
 vGwfvyfa&;MudK;yrf;rI&ufpGJorkdif;
ac:,l&ef 23 ZGef 1945 jyefo f Ul Xme owif;
&efuek Nf rdKU uk,
d rhf if;uk,
d chf sif; 26 ZGef 1945 jrefrmEkid if v H ;Hk qkid f
[laom tcsuf ok;H csuu f dk ESihf jyefMum;a&;½k;H wgif owif;pm vrf; (csmcs)D trSwf 8 zwzv &m rsK;d cspt f zGUJ Ouú| OD;jru 10-
jrefrmjynfct
H m; ajzqk&d efEiS hf OD; q&mrsm; tpnf;ta0;usif;yjyD; XmecsKyfü jrefrmacgif;aqmifrsm; 12-42 ckEpS u f aMunmcJah om
babu bk&ifco H Udk wm0ef,l vQif jyefMum;a&;t&m&du S jrefrm wwd,tMudrf tpnf;ta0;usi;f jrefrmEkid if H wpf0rS ;f vk;H &dS rsK;d cspf
wifjy&ef oabmwlonf/ EkdifiHbk&ifcH qma':refprpftae yonf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif jrefrm tzGUJ [lorQ zsuo f rd ;f jcif;trdeUf ukd
«aeol&defrSwfwrf; pm 3-4» jzifh jrefrmEkid if aH cgif;aqmifrsm;ESihf Ekid if H bk&ifcH qma':refprpfEiS hf ½kwo f rd ;f vku
d af Mumif;/ rsKd;cspf
awGUqkHaqG;aEG;&mwGif jrefrmvl wpfO;D csi;f awGUqkpH Ofu ajymqkcd hJ tzGUJ wnfNrJwidk ;f wnfNrJvsuo f m
20 ZGef 1945 jrefrmEkid if b H &k ifcH rsKd;rsm;onf *syefwYdk zEd ydS cf sKyfcs,f onfrsm;ukd jyefvnf ajymMum; &do
S nf[k aMunmcsuf xkwjf yef
qma':refprpfu jrefrmEkdifiHa&; rIab;rS vGwaf jrmufvmjyD; uk, d f onf/ onf/
acgif;aqmifrsm;ukd &efuek jf rpf ykid tf cGithf a&;rsm; &&do S jzihf 0rf; «jrefrmhtvif; 26-6-45» «vlxkOD;vSppfjyD;pArmjynf(y) pm 39»
wGif;&dS urfbmvif ppfoabFm ajrmuf0rf;om jzpfaeMuonf[k «aeol&defpmwrf; pm 4»
(H.M.S Cumberland) ay:okYdzw d f od&&Sd í 0rf;omaMumif;? ppftyk f 28 ZGef 1945 Armhwyfrawmfwyf
Mum;um jrefrmjynf aemifa&; csKyfa&;ukd tjrefqkH;½kwfodrf;&ef 24 ZGef 1945 &Jabmfo;Hk usdy0f if rsm;\ppfaoemywd Akv d cf sKyaf tmif
twGuf jAdwo d Qtpk;d &\ vsmxm; twGuf jrefrmvlrsK;d rsm;u vkv d m; wpfOD; jzpfonhf Akdvfjrifhatmif qef;ESihf r[mrdww f yftrSwf 4
csufrsm;ukd &Sif;vif; ajymMum; aeMuonf[k od&MSd u&m rdru d onff ewåvif;jrdKUwGif uk,
d uhf ,
dk f wyfrrSL;MuD; 'kwd,AkdvfcsKyfMuD;
onf/ jrefrmEkid if aH &;acgif;aqmif vnf; jrdKUjyqkdif&mtkyfcsKyfa&;ukd owfaoonf/ rufqmbD (Lient General Mes-
rsm\ uk, d pf m;vS,f OD;babu tjrefq;Hk jyefvnfxal xmifvadk om «ausmfjidrf; &JabmfokH;usdyf? &efuek ?f servy )wkYd yl;wGu
J m ppfawmif;jrpf
jrefrmvlrsK;d wdYkvv
dk m;csuf (jrefrm wuúokdvfrsm;ykHESdyf/q&m 1998/pm 0Srf;wpf0kduf ppfqifwkdufckdufae
qE´jyif;jypGm&daS Mumif;? okYd &mwGif 93»
jynft h wGuf jrefrm0g') ukd bk&if jrefrmjynfwGif wkdufyGJrsm;jzpfyGm; aom Armhwyfrawmf wyfrsm;
cHoYdk ay;tyfonf/ vsuyf if &daS eao;ojzifh csucf si;f twGuf ñTeMf um;csurf sm;xkwjf yef

*syefppfwyfu armfvjrdKia f xmif
«bk&ifcrH if;MuD; qm&,f*seD ,f a':ref jyefvnf rxlaxmifEidk af o;aMumif; onf/
prpfrdefUcGef;? &efukef/ tpkd;&ykHESdyf/ twGi;f &dS ocifb;dk rJh (xm;0,f)? «ocifwifjrzufqpf*syefawmfvSefa&;
xkYd jyif ta&SUtm&Sawmifyidk ;f ppf ocifomOD;tygt0if awmfveS af &; pm 119-125»
1945»
«jrefrmhtvif; 23-6-45» aoemywdcsKyf armifhbufwefu &Jabmf 26 OD;ukd awavacsmif
«'D;'kwf*sme,f/ wGJ 19/ trSwf 1/ vnf; ppftyk cf sKyaf &;udk tjrefq;Hk awmwGi;f okYdac:oGm;jyD; owfjzwf 29 ZGef 1945 jrefrmEkid if H bk&ifcH
pm 4-6/ 13-8-45» ½kwfodrf;jyD; tajctaeoifhawmf um wGi;f wpfwiG ;f xJwiG f jrKyEf HS qma':refprpfu ArmhrsKd;cspfwyf
«vlxOk ;D vS owif;pmrsm;u ajymjywJh aumif;rGev f monfEiS hf wpfjydKief uf onf/
ppftwGif;Armjynfpwkw¬wGJ/rEÅav; jrdKUjytkycf sKyaf &; jyefvnfxl rawmf Patriot Burma Forces
Mu;D yGm;a&;yHEk ydS /f 1968 /pm 206/ aemif «jrefrmhvif; 24-9-45^5-9-47» [P.B.F] [lonfh trnfud k oabm
ukd;um;vQifvlxkOD;vS ppftwGif;Arm
axmif&ef rsm;pGm vkv d m;vsu&f Sd «owif;pkH*sme,f wG(J 2)? trSwf (27)?
aMumif; rsm;ukd ajymMum;onf/ 22-8-47? pm 12-13» wlonf/
jynf (p) [k ñTe;f rnf» «vlxkOD;vSppftwGif;Armjynf(p) pm
[Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 339- «jrefrmhtvif; 24-6-45» «ocifwifjrzufqpf*syefawmfvSefa&;
pm 267» 39»
340]
12 13 7
ausmfNidrf;
30 ZGef 1945 &efuek Nf rKd U prf; Zl v k d i f v oif&h xku d af om tcGit hf a&; 14/ u&ifvil ,frsm;tm; pmykEH ydS f
acsmif;&yf wku d ef yH gwf 138 Arm rsm; &Muap&ef/ vkyfief;? bPfvkyfief;oif
jynfueG jf rLepfygwDü tvkyo f rm; 30 ZGefESifh 3 Zlvkdif 1945 u&if 5/(u)u&ifbPfzGifh&ef/ Mum;ay;&ef/
or*¾rsm; jyefvnfxlaxmifa&; qk&d ,S q
f m;Apfuvyf (Karen So- (c) u&if&mG rsm;wGif aiGpk tpnf;ta0;wGif u&iftrsK;d
twGuf tpnf;ta0; usif;y cial Services Club )ac: u&if bPf zGi&hf ef/ om; [loa&GU wpfpw k pfpnf;
onf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif jrefrm aygif;oif; qufqHa&;toif;rS (C)u&if&mG jyefvnf xl wnf; yl;aygif;um ygwDra&G;?
jynftvkyform;or*¾ESifh or*¾ OD;pD;í u&ifvx l t
k pnf;ta0;udk axmif&ef/ bmomra&G;? u&iftrsK;d om; yg
rsm; jynfvnfxal xmif csUJ xGizf UJG &efukefNrdKU? atmufMunfhjrifwkdif 6/ u&iftrsm;tjym; &daS om wDtoif;tzGJUwkdif; yg0ifEkdifrnfh
pnf;&ef zwyvtzGUJ csKyEf iS hf quf vrf;? trSwf 582 wGif usi;f y e,frsm;wGizf iG v hf pS af om Ekid f tpnf;t½kH;MuD; wnfaxmif&ef
oG,&f ef qk;H jzwfonf/ xkYdaemuf onf/ tpnf;ta0;okYd qmpDz;dk pD? iHjcm;ukrÜPDrsm;wGif u&if qkH;jzwfonf/ xkdYaemuf u&if
tvkyo f rm;or*¾ ,m,D tvkyf apmbOD;MuD;? qpf'eDvel ?D u&if tpkpyfrsm; yg0ifEkdif&ef/ A[kt d zGUJ (Karem Central Orga-
trIaqmiftjzpf vli,frsm;tpnf;t½k;H rS Akv d xf eG ;f 7/ uk;d uG,o f nfh bmom t nization )ukd zGUJ pnf;onf/
Ouú| pde?f bke;f MuD;OD;y@d0o H ponfh wGuf pmtkyf pmwrf;rsm;ukd «jrefrmhtvif; 8-7-45»
ocifA[def; acgif;aqmifrsm; wufa&muf ½kdufESdyfxkwfa0&ef/ «u&ifykHuefaomif;usef;rI? &efuek /f
'kOuú| 8/ *syefacwfwiG f vlYrormrsm; jynfaxmifpk jrefrmEkid if t H pk;d & ykEH ydS /f
onf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif atmuf 1949/ pm 9»
OD;atmifodrf; yg tcsuf 14 csuu f dk aqG;aEG;G qk;H zsuq f ;D í ysupf ;D cJah om «OD;oefY jynfawmfomc&D; (yxrykdif;)
taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; jzwfonf/ u&if taqmuftODrsm;ukd &efuek /f pmayAdrmefyEHk ydS /f 1961/ pm
ocifAwif (oHw)JG avQmfaMu;ay;&ef/ 79/ aemifu;dk um;vQif OD;oefY jynf
wGJzuftaxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; 1/ jrefrmjynfom;rsm; vGwv f yf 9/ u&ifbmomukd 'kw, d bm awmfomc&D;(y) [k ñTe;f rnf»
ocifAom a&; &&dSouJhokdY u&ifrsm; om tjzpf owfrw S &f ef/ «q&momxkd u&ifESifhEkdifiHa&; jyó
b@ma&;rSL; 10/ u&ifpmykHESdyfwkdufxlaxmif em? u&iftrsK;d om; tpnf;t½k;H Xme
vnf; &&d&S ef/ csKyyf EHk ydS /f 1948/ pm 11-12/ aemifu;dk
ocifoef; (Armhp;D yGm;a&;)ESit fh zGUJG 2/ jrefrmESifhu&ifrsm; aygif; &ef/ um;vQif q&momxkd u&ifESifhEkdifiH
0if 6 OD;wkYdudk a&G;aumufwif pnf; aexkid o f nfh t&yfrsm; 11/ *syefEydS pf ufí ysufq;D qk;H ½I;H a&; [kñTef;rnf»
ajr§mufonf/ wGif u&ifrsm;\tcGit hf a&; cJ&h aom u&ifrsm;ukd cs;D usL;
«jrefrmhtvif; 5-7-45» udk apmifah &Smuf&ef/ &ef/ 4 Zlvkdif 1945 zufqpfwu dk f
3/ wkid ;f jynfjyefvnf xlaxmif&m 12/ jrefrmppfwyfxJwGif u&if zsuaf &; jynfoUl vGwv f yfa&;tzGUJ
ü u&ifrsm;tm; tjcm;vlrsK;d ppfwyf tpdwt f ydik ;f yg0if csKyf twGi;f a&;rSL;ocifoef;xGe;f
rsm;uJhokdY pD;yGm;a&; tcGifh &ef/ u zwyvtzGUJ csKyf\ aMunm
ta&; rsm;ay;&ef/ 13/ u&ifvil ,frsm;ukd avwyf csuu f dk xkwjf yefonf/ xkad Munm
4/ ukeo f ,
G af &;wGif u&ifrsm;& a&wyfwGif ynoifay;&eff/ csuw f iG f ajymif;vJvmaom tajc
8 14 15

taeESihf vkdufavsmnDaxGatmif
zwyv tzGUJ csKyfudk jyefvnfzUJG
pnf;aeaMumif; tzGJUcsKyf\pnf;
rsOf;t& tzGUJ vku
d jf zpfap wpfO;D
csif;jzpfap 0ifa&mufEkdifaMumif;
yg&dSonf/
«jrefrmhtvif; 5-7-45»

&efukefjrLeDpy,f½kH; aumfrwD
cef;r (&efukefjrdKUawmfcef;r)wGif
jrefrmjynf jynfoUl Xmet&m&dcS sKyf
Akv
d rf LS ;csKyf &efUpf? jrefrmjynfb&k if
cH\uk, d pf m;vS,f rpöwmwDt,f
vf[[l;wkYdu owif;pmq&mrsm;
tpnf;ta0;udk usi;f yonf/ &efY
pfu rdr\ d yxrwm0ef0wå&m;rSm
*syefwYdktm; wku d cf u
dk f acsreI ;f
atmifjrif&efyifjzpfaMumif;? 'kwd
,wm0ef0wå&m;rSm jrefrmjynfol
rsm;vkdtyfaeonfh pm;eyf&du©m?
aq;0g;? t0wftxnfrsm; &&d&S ef
jzpfaMumif;/ rpöwm[[l;u jref
rmjynf tem*wf tkycf sKyfa&;ESihf
ywfoufí puúLjzLpmwrf;yg?
bk&ifcHrdefUcGef;rsm;ukd &Sif;vif;
ajymMum;onf/
«jrefrmhtvif; 6^8-7-45»
5 Zlvidk f 1945 zufqpfawmfveS f
a&; ppfO;D pD;XmecsKy½f ;Hk onf
16
vGwfvyfa&;MudK;yrf;rI&ufpGJorkdif;
ewåvifjrdKUrS &efuek jf rdKUokYd ajymif; twGi;f a&;rSL;rSm Od;pdex f eG ;f jzL jzpf 'kw, d Ouú| ocifav;armif
a&GUvmjyD; tm;jrdKifvrf; (avmif; onf/ twGif;a&;rSL;
0pfvrf;) wGif rsKd;cspfArmhwyfr «jrefrmhtvif; 11^14-7-45» ocifcifarmif (urm&Gw)f
awmf? OD;pD;XmecsKyfukdjyefvnfzGJU wGJzuftwGif;a&;rSL;

*syefppfwyfu rGejf ynfe,f
pnf;onf/ ocifcspfarmif (om,m0wD)
«rsKd;cspfArmhwyfrawmf ppfXmecsKyf armfvNrdKifjrdKUe,f ukvm;ukef;&Gm wGJzuftwGif;a&;rSL;
tpD&ifcHpm? wyfrawmfaeYpmapmif/ rS a,mufsm;rde;f rESiu hf av; pkpk ocifoif(jynf) «ocifu, dk af wmf
1960/ pm 116» aygif; 637 OD;ukd aoewfjzifyh pf? rIdif;\twGif;a&;rSL;»
vSepf yG Ef iS hf xk;d um tpkvu dk t
f NyKH b@ma&;rSL; ocifAat;
6 Zlvkdif 1945 jAw d o
d Q trSwf vku d f owfjzwfonf/ pnf;½k;H a&;rSL;ocifA&if (&efuek )f
14 wyfrMuD;\tMuD;tuJ'w k , d «jynfholtmPm*sme,f/ 30-4-47/ tzGUJ 0if ocifat;
Akvd cf sKyfMuD; pvif;u vef'efNrdKU 'DR 2809» wkdYjzpfonf/
&dS ½kud wf mowif;axmuftm; jref «a&Tuavmif acwftvkduf owif;pm «jrefrmhtvif; 18-7-45»
rmppfonfawmfrsm;onf *syefwYdk rsm;ukd oHk;oyfMunfh&m0,f/ ¿/ pm «vlxk*sme,f wG(J 1)? trSw(f 2)/
109»
\vufeufrsm;ESifh wkdufenf;ppf «tpö v rf t vif ; r*¾ Z if ; / [pf*s&D 1-8- 45»
y&d,m,frsm;udk tok;H jyKjyD; *syef 1400jynft h xl;xkw/f trSw1f 9/ ar?
wkYdtm; wku d cf u
dk Mf u&m jrefrmjynf 1980» 19 Zlvkdif 1945 *syefwyfzUJG wpf
rS *syefwYdktm; armif;ESix f wk af &; zGUJ u anmifav;yif&Sd trSwf 17
atmifjrifrIwGif ta&;yg t&m 17 Zlvkdif 1945 wkYdArmtpnf; tdEd́,wyfrtm; wkdufckdufonf/
a&mufpGm yg0ifulnDMuaMumif; t½kH;MuD;ukd jyefvnfwnfaxmif [Mountbatten’s Report,P 172]
ajymMum;onf/ aMumif;aMunmonf/ tpnf;t
«jrefrmhtvif; 7-7--45» ½k;H \ acwåwnfae&mrSm trSw5f 20 Zlvidk f 1945 yJc;l ½k;d rwGif ydwf
csr;f omvrf; prf;acsmif;jzpfonf/ rdaeaom *syeftrSwf 28 wyfr
8 Zlvkdif 1945 &efuek Nf rdKUwGif wkYd Armtpnf;t½k;H MuD;\ rlvxk;H awmfEiS hf tjcm;*syefwyfrsm; &ef
&ckdiftrsKd;om;tpnf;t½kH; wnf wrf; tpOftvm pnf;urf;csuf ukef-rEÅav; vrf;rukdjzwfum
axmifonf/ tpnf;t½k;H \ &nf rsm;t& jrefrmEkid if v H ;Hk qkid &f m nD ppfawmif;jrpfukd jzwful;&efMudK;
&G,fcsufrSm &ckdiftrsKd;om;wkdY\ vmcH rusi;f yrD ,m,Dtvkyt f rI yrf;onf/
tusK;d pD;yGm;ukd apmifah &Smuf&efEiS hf aqmiftzGJUukd zGJUpnf;&m «*syefppftkyfcsKyfa&;acwf pm 53»
jrefrmjynfEidk if aH &;wGif tm;ay;ul em,uOuú| [Mountbatten’s Report,P 172]
nDaqmif&u G &f efjzpfonf/ tpnf; ocifukd,fawmffrIdif; [Slim Defeat into Victory P 527]
t½k;H Ouú|rSm 0wfvHk OD;vSxeG ;f jzL? 'kw, d Ouú| ocifnD (jynf)
17 9
ausmfNidrf;
20 ESifh 27 Zlvkdif 1945 Arm
jynf uGefjrLepfygwD\ 'kwd,
tMudrfajrmuf ygwDuGef*&uf
usif;yonf/ nDvmcHwGif Arm
jynfueG Nf rLepfygwDudk jyefvnfzUJG
pnf;onf/ ocifp;dk ukd tdraf xmif
a&; jyóemaMumifh taxGaxG
twGi;f a&;rSL; &mxl;rS csxm;jyD;
ygwD0iftjzpfrS 2 ESpMf um&yfpx J m;
&ef qk;H jzwfonf/ tdE, d´ Ekid if H
a&mufaeaom OD;ode;f az (pma&;
q&mode;f azjrif)h tm; taxGaxG
twGi;f a&;rSL; tjzpf a&G;aumuf
wifajrm§ ufonf/ OD;ode;f az
tdE,d´ rS jyefrvmrD ocifjroGif
(a';'&J) tm; acwåtaxGaxG
twGi;f a&;rSL; tjzpf aqmif&u G f
&eff wm0efay;onf/
«jrefrmhtvif; 28-7-45»
«ocifwifjr bkHb0rSmjzifh? 'kw,d
tBudr?f &efuek ?f 1974? wpfoufwm
pmay? pm 813^821/ aemifu;dk um;
vQif ocifwifjr bkHb0rSmjzifh [k
nTef;rnf»
22 Zlvkdif 1945 Adv k cf sKyfatmif
qef;\tdrfwGif jrefrmhowif;pm
q&mrsm;ESifh pma&;q&mrsm;tm;
vufzuf&nfyGJjzifh {nfhcHonf/
vufzuf&nfyw JG iG f Akv
d cf sKyfatmif
qef;u owif;pmq&mESifhpma&; «vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;pArmjynf(y) pm
1 0 18
q&mrsm;onf jynfolwkdY\pdwf 137» yrf;ESdyfpufonf/
"mwfoabmw&m;? t,ltqrsm; «oHawmfqifhowif;pm 24-5- 46/
ukd jyKjyifay;Ekid o f rl sm;jzpfí vl 27 Zlvkdif 1945 uvdrif&h pfcsuf aemifu;dk um;vQif oHawmfqifh [kñeT ;f
i,frsm;\ pdw"f mwfudk jyKjyifjr§if tufwvD ( Clement Richard rnf»
wifonfh oabmw&m;rsm;? wk;d Altlee)onf t*FvefEi dk if \
H 0ef
MuD;csKyf jzpfvmonf/
*syefEi dk if u
H r[mrdwEf idk if w
H Ydk
wufaf om oabmw&m;rsm; a&;
om;&ef arwåm&yfco H nf/ xkYd «jrefrmhtvif; 29-7-45» \cRi;f csurf &dv S ufeufcs&ef &mZ
«rEÅav;arNrdKUppfowif;/ 28-7-45» oHudk jiif;qko d nf/
aemuf zufqpf*syefwYdkudk awmf [Collier’s, Encyclopedia,VoL 3. [SULZBERGER World War II,
vSefcJhykHESifh jrefrmjynfwkdufyGJrsm; U.S.A, 1981, PP 206-207] P341]
wGif rsK;d cspjf refrm ppfonfawmf
rsm; yg0ifwu dk cf u 28 Zlvidk f 1945 &efuek Nf rdKU uk,
dk cf yhJ Hk rSww
f rf; d hf 31 Zlvkdif 1945 &ckid w f idk ;f vk;H
pm&Gurf sm;ukd a0iSonf/ rif;uk, d chf si;f vrf; trSwf 8 ü jref qkdif&mtzGJU acgif;aqmifrsm;jzpf
«jrefrmhtvif; 24-7-45» rmEkid if vH ;Hk qkid &f m A.v.p vli,f onfh OD;atmifZaH 0 (ppfawG) u
acgif;aqmifrsm;? c½kdifwm0efcH ou¿ Ouú| OD;ausm&f if(oHw)JG
23 Zlvidk f 1945 jrefrmhtrsK;d om; rsm;? A[kt d rIaqmifrsm; rsuEf mS pkH
wyfrawmfukd jreffrmrsKd;cspfwyfr nDtpnf;ta0; usi;f yonf/ t wkYdu &ckid w
f idk ;f vk;H qkid &f m tzGUJ ESihf
zwyv qufo, G yf ;l aygif;&ef
awmf[k trnfajymif;onf/ pnf;ta0;wGif A.v.p ppf0g'ESihf
[Mountbatten’s Report,P 173]
qkH;jzwfonf/
avmavmq,f vkyif ef;rsm; aqG; «jrefrmhtvif; 31-7-45»
aEG;onf/
26 Zlvidk f 1945 ykYdppf 'rfueG Yfz&ifh «jrefrmhtvif; 31-7-45»
(Potsdam Conference) usi;f yí
ykdYpfp'rfaMunmcsufukd xkwfjyef 29 Zlvkdif 1945 *syefppfwyfu Mo*k w f v
um *syefEidk if H cRi;f csurf &dS vuf armfvNrdKiaf &wGi;f uke;f &GmrS ausmif;
1 Mo*kwf 1945 t"dywd a'guf
eufcs&ef awmif;qko d nf/ tkyMf uD;&mrefEiS hf tazmf 23 OD;wkYd
[SULZBERGER World War II, tm; jAdwo wmbarmf OD;pD;í rk'u Hk efawmfMuD;
d Qov l QK[
d k pGypf u JG mzrf;
P 341] wGif jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&;ESpfywf
qD;jyD; armfvNrdKiaf xmifxw J iG f a&
vnf atmifyu JG dk pnfum;oku d f
ESifhyufppfaq;jcif;? wkwfESifh½kduf

NAdwdoQppfbuf tkyfcsKyfa&; jrdKufpGmusif;yonf/
ppfaq;jcif;? xkww f iG q
f jJG yD; ppf «AE¨KvOD;pdef t*Fvdyfajy;rif; pm 97»
Xmeu ae0ifr;D jidr;f trdeUf ukd xkwf aq;jcif; tp&do S jzifh rw&m;
jyefonf/
aomenf;vrf;trsKd;rsKd;jzifh n§if;
19
 vGwfvyfa&;MudK;yrf;rI&ufpGJorkdif;
4 Mo*kwf 1945 yufopfavm 8 Mo*kwfESifh 9 Mo*kwf 1945 ckepfO;D udk owfjzwfonf/ ;om;t&m&dSrsm;u tkyfcsKyf&efwkdY
&ifph f (Pethick Lourence) onf zufqpf wkdufzsufa&; jynfolY «[Hom0wDowif;pm16-10-46 aemif yg&dSonf/
tdE, ´d ESihf jrefrmEkid if H qkid &f m vGwaf &; tzGUJ csKyf\A[kOd ;D pD;tzGUJ uk;d um;vQif [Hom0wD [k ñTe;f rnf» «jrefrmhtvif; 14-8-45»
twGi;f 0ef jzpfvmonf/ tpnf;ta0;ukd usi;f yonf/ «aeol&defpmwrf; pm 5-6»
[Burma Struggle Vol.I: P XLVII] tpnf;ta0;wGif wuJhpnf;vkH;
a&;ukd aqmif&u G &f efru l dk qk;H jzwf 11 Mo*kwf 1945 jAw d o
d Q uif;
rk'&Hk Sd jrefrmEkid if H ppfajy;tpk;d &

yJc;l ½k;d r azmufxu G o f mG ;onfh csrSwfonf/ axmufav,mOfysHrsm; rk'jHk rdKUay: t"dywd a'gufwmbarmf\ tdrf
*syefwyfrsm; ppfawmif;jrpfta&SU «aeol&defpmwrf; pm 5» ysH0JMunfh½Ionf/ tm; r[mrdwaf vwyfrS pufao
bufurf;okdY a&muf&dSoGm;onf/ «AE¨KvOD;pdef t*Fvdyfajy;rif; pm 97» ewfESifhypf AkH;BuJwkdufckdufonf/
Zlvidk f 20 rS Mo*kwf 4 &ufaeY 9 Mo*kwf 1945 tar&duefEidk if H «AE¨KvOD;pdef t*Fvdyfajy;rif; pm
101-102»
tMum; yJc;l ½k;d rrS azmufxu f m u em*qmuD; Nagasaki NrdKUay:
G v «ocifEk ig;ESpf&moDArmjynf? &efukef
onfh *syefwyfrsm;rS wyfom; okYd vl0uav; Fat boy trnf&Sd 12 Mo*kwf 1945 &efuek Nf rdKUwGif
ArmhrsK;d cspw
f yfrawmf wkid ;f rSL;rsm; jrefrmhtvif;owif;pmykEH ydS ?f 1946 pm
aygif; 6272 OD;usq;Hk onf/ Mo tEkjrLAkH;BuJcsonf/ 321-322 ? aemifu;dk um;vQif ocifEk
*kwv f rS pí ppfawmif;jrpf0rS ;f [SULZBERGER World War II. tpnf;ta0; usi;f yjyD; wkid ;f jynf ig;ESpf&moD [kñTef;rnf»
wkud yf JG jyD;qk;H onfEiS t hf wl jrefrm P 283] twGuaf Munmpmwrf; ESihf Armh
jynfwkdufyGJ jyD;qkH;onf/ wyfrawmf\aemifa&;twGuf qk;H 12 ESifh 15 Mo*kwf 1945 zuf

&efue k Nf rdKU A[ef;a&wm&Snf jzwfcsurf sm;ukd a&;qGJ csrw S f
[Mountbatten’s Report,P 528] qpfwu dk zf suaf &;ESihf jynfoUl vGwf
[Slim Defeat into Victory P 173] vrf; wkdYArmtpnf;t½kH;XmecsKyf onf/ wkid ;f jynftwGuf aMunm vyfa&; tzGUJ csKyf A[kt d pnf;
wGif tpnf;ta0;usi;f y&m ocif pmwrf;wGif urÇmppfMuD;jyD;oGm; ta0;usif;yonf/ tpnf;ta0;
6 Mo*kwf 1945 tar&duefEidk if H uk, d af wmfridI ;f u em,u tjzpf aomfvnf; jrefrmhvw G vf yfa&; wGif jynfoUl pnf;vk;H a&;ukd pkid ;f
u *syefEidk if H [D½&dk ;SD rm; (Hiroshi- aqmif&u G o f nf/ tpnf;ta0; ta&;awmfykHum; rjyD;ao;onfh jyif;onf/
ma)NrdKUay:okYdvi l ,fuav; Little wGif ocifav;armifu wkYd Armh twGuf jrefrmjynforl sm;nDnw G f «aeol&defpmwrf; pm 6»
boy trnf&Sd tEkjrLAk;H BuJcsonf/ tpnf;t½k;H \ Eki d if aH &;aqmif&u G f pGmjzifh zwyvtzGUJ csKyt f wGi;f 0if
[SULZBERGER World War II. csufrsm;udk &Sif;vif;ajymjyonf/ a&muf aqmif&u G &f ef yg&So d nf/ 14 Mo*kwf 1945 ppfajy;tpk;d &
P 283] «jrefrmhtvif; 23-6-45» Armhwyfrawmf\ aemifa&; t"dywda'gufwmbarmfu jrefrm
twGuf qk;H jzwfcsuw f iG f jynfoUl EkdifiHppfajy;tpkd;& 0efMuD;rsm;ukd
8 Mo*kwf 1945 qkAd , D uf,el D 10 Mo*kwf 1945 *syefuifay ajymufMum;rsm;ESihf rsK;d cspAf rmhwyf ¤if;\tdro f Ydkzw
d af c:í jrefrmEkid if H
,rfu *syefEidk if t
H m; ppfaMunm wkid t f zGUJ rS qm*sifar*sm aurkYd pD rawmfom;rsm;ukd tajccHí Armh qkid &f m *syefot H rwf tDwm½kt d ½d Sd
onf/ tD½Edk iS t
hf jcm; 4 OD;wkYdu rk'NHk rdKU wyfrawmfopfzUJG pnf;&ef wkid ;f &if; (Itero Ishii)ay;aompmudk zwfjy
[SULZBERGER World War II. ta&SUajrmuf rki dt
f enf;i,ftuGm om;vlrsK;d rsm;tvku d f wyf&if;rsm; onf/ xkpd mwGif tEkjrLAk;H BuJc&H
P 284] &dS &Sr;f pkEiS t
hf jcm;wpf&mG rS &Gmom; zGUJ í ,if;wyfrsm;wGif wkid ;f &if jcif;ESihf ½k&uS *syefupdk pfaMunm
20 21 11
ausmfNidrf;
jcif; wkdYaMumifh *syefEkdifiHonf and Freee Burma) aMunmcsuf 19 Mo*kwf 1945 zwyvtzGUJ 'D;,m;rS xkid 0f rfuRr;f okYd av,mOf
vufeufcs&ef pOf;pm;aejyD[kyg xkwfjyefonf/ csKyu f OD;pD;í &efuek Nf rdKUuefawmf jzifh xGucf mG onf/
&dSonf/ «aeol&defpmwrf; pm 30-35» MuD;apmif;&dS aeol&ed jf yZmwf½w Hk iG f [Ba Maw Breakthrough in
«ocifEk ig;ESpf&moDArmjynfpm 323» jynfolUtpnf;ta0;yGJMuD;wpf&yf Burma.P 406 ]
[Ba Maw Breakthrough in 16 ESifh 18 Mo*kwf 1945 zw usif;yonf/ tpnf;ta0;yGJMuD;
Burma: Memoirs of Revolution
yvtzGUJ csKyfwnf&m trSwf (8) wGif 24 Mo*kwf 1945 jrefrmEkid if H
1939-1946 London, Yale
Universitypress 1968 P 403: here- uk d
, f
h
r if
; ukd
, f
h
c sif
; vrf ; (,cky ef
; jrefrmjynfwyfrawmftqkd/ bk&ifcH qma':refprpfu jrefrm
after cited as Ba Maw Break- csy D ef;ykoifwef;ausmif;)wGif zw wkdif;jyKjynfjyKvGwfawmftqkd/ jynfojl ynfom;wkYd xH o0PfvmT
through in Burma. ] yv u jrefrmEkid if aH &; acgif; jrefrmwpfEidk if v H ;Hk nDnw G af &tqk/d ay;ykdYonf/
aqmifrsm;ukd zdwaf c:í Ekid if H wkYdudk wifoiG ;f qk;H jzwf «jrefrmhtvif; 23-6-45»

wku d sKd ppfaumifpo D nf vuf acgif;aqmifrsm; pwkwt ¬ Mudrf onf/ xkYdaemuf zwyv tzGUJ
eufcsa&; rJc&JG mwGif ½I;H edro fh nf/ tpnf;ta0;usi;f yonf/ tpnf; csKyfMuD; taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; 25 Mo*kwf 1945 zufqpfwu dk f
*syef{u&mZf [D½[ dk wD u dk r[m ta0;wGif ocifoef;xGef;u zwyvtzGJU zsuaf &; jynfoUl vGwv f yfa&;tzGUJ
rdww f Ydk\ jy|mef;csurf sm;udk vuf (u) urÇmppfMuD; jyD;qkH;jcif;ESifh csKyfpnf;rsOf;ESihf tzGUJ csKyfA[kOd ;D pD; csKyf A[kOd ;D pD;tzGUJ trIaqmifrsm;
cHonf/ ywfoufí jrefrmjynf\ tzGUJ 0if 36 OD;\ trnfpm&if;ukd \ yxrtMudrf tpnf;ta0;ukd
[SULZBERGER World War II. oabmxm;/ zwfMum;aMunmonf/ &efuek jf rdKU uk,
d rhf if;uk,
d chf si;f vrf;
P 118] (c) jrefrmh wyfrawmfEiS hf ywf «aeol&defpmwrf; pm 35-61» trSwf 8 wGiu f si;f yonf/ Akv d f
oufaom oabmxm;/ «jrefrmhtvif; (tcsyfykd)21-8-45» csKyfatmifqef;u tpnf;ta0;
15 Mo*kwf 1945 ppfajy;tpk;d & (*) EkdifiH tkyfcsKyfa&;ESifh ywf «ocifwifjr zufqpfawmfvSefa&; pm
wGif em,utjzpf aqmif&u G í f
t"dywd a'gufwmbarmfonf oufaom oabm;xm;/ 376-398»
taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL; ocif
,k;d ',m;-jrefrm aorif;wrefr;D (C) Ekid if v H ;Hk pnf;vk;H a&;ESihf ywf 20 Mo*k w f 1945 jAw
d o
d Q trS w f
oef;xGef;u taxGaxGtpD&ifcH
&xm;vrf;twkid ;f rD;&xm;jzif, h ;dk oufírnfuo hJ Ydk aqmif&u
G f 12 wyf r awmf X mecsKyf Ak v
d c
f sKyf
pmukd zwfMum;onf/ tpnf;
',m;EkdifiHokdY oGm;a&mufonf/ &ef Mu ;D pawmh z U
d k u jrefr mEk i
d i
f &
H S d *s y ef
ta0;wGif zwyv A[kt d vkyf
[Ba Maw Breakthrough in
ponfwYdkudk aqG;aEG;qk;H jzwf wyfrsm;\ ppfaoemywd uDr&l m trIaqmiftjzpf
Burma. P 296-404]
onf/ ( Lt. General Heitaro Kimura)
Ouú| AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;
[Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 52- tm; twku d t f ckud f &yfpjJ yD; vuf
taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;
16 Mo*kwf 1945 zufqpfwu dk f 53] eufcs&eff trdefYay;onf/
Burma in the new world, [Mountbatten’s Report, P 182] ocifoef;xGef;
zsuaf &; jynfoUl vGwv f yfa&;tzGUJ [NewP-37] ocifcspf
csKyfrS urÇmjh idr;f csrf;a&;ESihf vGwf «aeol&defpmwrf; pm 6-8» ocif0wif
vyfaomjrefrmjynf (World Peace «*sme,fausmf tkyfwGJopf? twGJ-1? 22 Mo*kwf 1945 ppfajy;tpk;d & OD;ausmfjidrf;
trSw-f 2/ pm 4/ 25-8-45» t"dywd a'gufwmbarmf uarÇm
1 2 22 23
 vGwfvyfa&;MudK;yrf;rI&ufpGJorkdif;
OD;btkef; 26 Mo*kwf 1945 qif;&Jom; uGeYfz&ifw h ufa&mufrnfh uk, d pf m; vnfxGufcGmonf/
b@ma&;rSL; OD;wif tusKd;aqmiftzGJU (azzD,ef) vS,rf sm; a&G;cs,&f ef aqG;aEG; «jrefrmhtvif; 29-8-45»
tzGJU0if Fabian tpnf;ta0;usi;f yonf/ onf/ tpnf;ta0;rS uE´u D eG Uf z
OD;bab «*sme,fausmf twG-J 1? trSw-f 7/ pm &ifh wufa&mufrnfh uk,
d pf m;vS,f 29 Mo*kwf 1945 jAw d o
d Q trSwf
OD;odrf;armif 24/ 29-9-45» rsm;tjzpf 12 wyfrawmf ppfaoemywd Akv d f
OD;jr ([oFw) csKyfMuD;pawmhzYdku rsK;d cspAf rmhwyf
OD;jr (aysmfb, G )f
jrefrmEkid if &H Sd *syefw
f yfrsm;vuf Akv1/d cf sKyfatmifqef; rawmf\ ppfaoemywdxH *syef
OD;ode;f az(pma&;q&mode;f azjrif)h eufcsa&; oabmwlncD suaf &;qGJ Akv2/
d v f ufsm wkYd udk wku
d cf u
dk &f mü rsKd;cspfwyfr
ocifnD &eftwGuf *syefppfoMl uD; aw&m Akv3/
d af Z,s awmfyg0if ulnrD rI sm;twGuf cs;D
OD;b*srf; (u&ifacgif;aqmif) Ocsd (Field Marshal Hisaichi Tera- Akv4/
d af e0if; MuL;vTmay;ykdYonf/
OD;atmifZHa0 (&ckdifacgif;aqmif) uchi )\ uk, d pf m;vS,f 'kw, d 5/
Akv d af Zmfrif; «jrefrmhtvif; 30-8-45»
wkYdudk trsm;oabmwl a&G; Akv
d cf sKyfMuD; 'lrmwm (Lt-Gereral (OD;armifarmifausm0f if;)
aumufonf/ taxGaxGtwGif; Takazo Numata )&efue k o
f Ydk a&muf
6/ Akv d af usmaf Zm
&efuek Nf rdKUawmfcef;rwGif ta&SU
a&;rSL;ukd trIaqmiftzGUJ rS a&G; &Sdonf/ 7/ Akv d af rmifarmif wkid ;f ESihf taemufwidk ;f ppfwidk ;f
[Mountbatten’s Report,P 184] MuD;rsm; tpnf;ta0; usi;f y&m
aumuf&ef oabmwlonf/ jref «jrefrmhtvif; 29-8-45» 8/ OD;bab
rmjynf tem*wftyk cf sKyaf &; pnf; AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef; wufa&muf
«a&Tref;atmifpnfpmapmif/ twGJ(1)? 9/ ukn d Kd xGe;f
rsOf;qGJ&efESifh EkdifiHjcm;pmcsKyfrsm; trSw(f 12)? 2-9-45» (&ckid u f ,dk pf m;vS,)f rdefYcGef;ajymMum;onf/
csKyfqkd&ef pDpOfa&;twGuf trI 10/ apmbOD;MuD; «Akv
d cf sKyaf tmifqef; bm;rm;csUJ vif (w
wd,tMudr)f / &efuek /f EG,ef yD EHk ydS /f 19
aqmiftzGUJ ukd zGUJ pnf;onf/ xkYd 27 Mo*kwf 1945 &efuek Nf rdKUwGif (u&ifu, dk pf m;vS,)f 74/ pm 13-64/ aemifu;dk um;vQif
jyif b@ma&;ESihf jyefvnfxl tm&Sta&SUawmifykdif; r[mrdwf 11/ ocifoef;xGe;f Akv
d cf sKyfatmifqef; bm;rm;csJUvif [k
axmifa&;tzGJU trIaqmifrsm;ukd ppfXmecsKyf ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;ESifh «z,q.y.vtzGUJ csKyf tvkyt f rIaqmif ñTef;rnf»
vnf; cefYtyfzGJUpnf;onf/ 'kw, d Akvd cf sKyfMuD; 'lrmwmacgif; rs m ;tpnf ;ta0;rS w w
f rf
; (1945-46) «jrefrmhtvif; 31-8-45»
«jrefrmhtvif; 26-8-45» aqmifonfh *syefvufeufcsa&; vuf a&;rl/ 27-8-45/ pm 1-2/ aemif
uk;d um;vQif zqyv tpnf;ta0;
«*sme,fausmf twG-J 1? trSw-f 3/ pm uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm; vufrw S af &; rSwfwrf; [kneT ;f rnf»
wkYdArmtpnf;t½k;H tvkyt f rI
13/ 1-9-45» aqmiftpnf;ta0; usi;f yjyD; qk;H
«vlxOk ;D vS ppftwGif;Armjynf(p) pm
xk;d onft h crf;tem; usi;f yonf/
287-288»
«jrefrmhtvif; 29-8-45» 28 Mo*kwf 1945 jrefrmEkid if o H Ydk jzwfcsuf ESp&f yfudk twnfjyK
«z.q.y.v A[kdOD;pD;tvkyftrIaqmif
[Mountbatten’s Report,P 184]
vufeufcsa&; aphpyf&ef a&muf onf/ xkq d ;Hk jzwfcsuf ESp&f yfrmS
rsm;tpnf;ta0;rSwfwrf;/vufa&;rl/ &dv
S maom *syef'w k ,d Akvd cf sKyMf uD; 1/ jrefrmjynfwiG f ckEpS Mf umrQ tkyf
25-8-45/ DR 662/ PP 31-35 /aemif
zqyvtzGJUcsKyf tvkyftrI pk;d oGm;aom *syefwYdk xkwcf hJ
'lrmwm acgif;aqmifonfh uk, d f
uk;d um;vQif zqyvA[kdOD;pD;tpnf; aqmiftpnf;ta0; usi;f yí Armh onfhaiGpuúLrsm;onf jrefrm
ta0;rSwfwrf; [kñTef;rnf» pm;vS,t f zGUJ &efuek Nf rdKUrS jyef
wyfrawmfta&;aqG;aEG;&ef uEéD
24 25 13
ausmfNidrf;
wkYd \acR;ESihf &if;ES;D &aom aiG
puúLrsm; jrefrmwkYd\ ukef
ypönf;rsm;udk a&mif;csvkduf&
aom aiGpuúLrsm; jzpfaom
aMumifh r[mrdwf vufeuf
EkdifiHMuD;rsm;u xkdaiGpuúLrsm;
twGuf *syefx f rH S avQmaf Mu;
awmif;cHay;&ef wku d w
f eG ;f EI;d
aqmfaMumif;/
2/ Ekid if aH ygif;csKyf u,fq,f
axmufyahH &;ESihf jyefvnfxl
axmifa&;tzGUJ wGif jrefrmtrsK;d
om; uk, d pf m;vS,w f pfa,muf
ukd wpfo;D wpfjcm;todtrSwf
jyKyg0ifcGifhjyKap&ef r[mrdwf
Ekid if MH uD; wkYdtm; wku d wf eG ;f
aMumif;/
«*sme,fausmftwG-J 1? trSw-f 4/ pm
4/ 8-9-45»
«a&Tref;atmifpnf pmapmif? twG-J 1?
trSw-f 13/ pm ¿/ 9-9-45»
puf w if b mv
1 pufwifbm 1945 zwyv
XmecsKyfwGif AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;
ESihf owif;pmq&mrsm; awGUqkyH JG
jyKvkyfonf/ xkdokdYawGUqkH&mwGif
Akv
d cf sKyfatmifqef;u zwyv
vkyif ef;rsm;ESihf ywfoufíowif;
OD;vQifjyD;a&m oabmrsKd;jzifh a&;
1 4
om;jcif; rjyKvyk Mf u&ef aemuf csKyfukd vufrSwfa&;xkd;onf/ aqmif&u G rf w
I iG f avhusifah y;
tzkYw
d iG f owif;pmq&mrsm; [SULZBERGER World War II. &ef/
tpnf;ta0; usi;f yjyD; xkwjf yef P 286] 4/ trsKd;orD;rsm; vlrIvkyfief;
oifo h nfh owif;rsm;ukd xkwjf yef aqmif&Gufvkdpdwf &ifhoefap
oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;? owif;wpf 3 pufwifbm 1945 *syefwyf &efwYdk twGuf jzpfonf/
pkw
H pf&m r&ygu zwyv wm0ef qkwcf mG &mygoGm;onfh *syefacwf xkYdaemuf trIaqmiftzGUJ
cHxH vma&muf pkpH rf;jyD;rS xnfh tpk;d &tzGUJ 0if0efMuD;OD;EkEiS hf ausmif; 0ifrsm;tjzpf
oGif;azmfjyoifhaMumif;/ zwyv om;or*¾Ouú|a[mif; OD;vSarmif Ouú| a':cifcifMuD;
onf Ekid if t
H usK;d twGuf pDpOfvyk f wkYd &efuek o f Ydk jyefvnfa&muf &dS 'kw, d Ouú| a':cifMuD;
ukdifaeaomtcgjzpfí owif;pm vmonf/ 'kw, d Ouú| a':cifMunf
rsm;u Ekid if t
H usK;d twGuf pnf; «jrefrmhtvif; 2-9-45» twGif;a&;rSL; a':cifMunfMunf
«'D;'kwf*sme,f twG(J 19)? trSw(f 5)?
apmifhMu&ef ajymMum;onf/ 10-9-45» ESit
fh zGUJ 0if 18 OD; wkYdtm;cefYtyf
«jrefrmhtvif; 2-9-45» onf/
«jrefrmhtvif; 4^6-9-45»

jynfoUl vGwv f yfa&; (qk&d , S f
jrefrmEkid if vH ;Hk qkid &f m trsK;d «*sme,fausmftyk w f oJG pf(1)? trSw(f 4)
vpfygwD) jrefrmjynfudk twd orD;vGwv f yfa&;tzGUJ csKyf zGUJ pnf; pm 3/ 8-9-45»
tvif; pwifwnfaxmifonf/ &ef yPmrtpnf;ta0;udk &ef «'D;'kwf*sme,f? wG(J 19)? trSw(f 5)? pm
«Ouú|ocifjr\ trSmpm OD;AaqG ukejf rdKU y'krm® vrf; (bmh'v f rf;) 32/ 10-9-45»
qkd&S,fvpfjrefrmjynfxlaxmifavmh» trSwf 81 wGif usif;yonf/ «vlxkOD;vS ppftwGif;pArmjynf(p)
pm 24-25»
tpnf;ta0;wGif jrefrmEkdifiHvkH;
«wuúov dk Mf unfrm jrefrmtrsKd;orD;
2 pufwifbm 1945 jrefrmEkid if H qkid &f m trsK;d orD; vGwv f yfa&;
avmu? &efukef/ pmayAdrmefykHESdyf/
vk;H qkid &f m qif;&Jom;0HomEktzGUJ tzGUJ csKyu f dk zGUJ pnf;onf/ &nf&, G f 1975/ pm 56-57/ aemifu;dk um;vQif
tpnf;ta0ukd usi;f yí &efuek f csufrsm;rSm wuúov dk Mf unfrf mjrefrmtrsK;d orD;avm
H ;Hk qkid &f mqif; 1/ trsKd;orD;rsm;tm; pnf;½kH;í
c½kid Ef iS hf jrefrmEkid if v u [kñeT ;f rnf»
&Jom; 0HomEk tzGUJ csKyMf uD; jyef vlrsK;d wpfrsK;d vk;H vGwv f yf
vnfxlaxmif&ef qkH;jzwfonf/ a&;? jidr;f csr;f a&;ESihf wk;d wuf 4 pufwifbm 1945 jrefrmuk, d f
«jrefrmhtvif; 6-9-45» a&; vkyif ef;rsm;ukd 0ifa&muf pm;vS,t f zGUJ onf wyfrawmfa&;
aqmif&Guf&ef/ &maqG;aEG;&ef oD[Vdk u f Ref; (oD&d

*syefyifv,fauGU tufpt f ufpf 2/ trsK;d orD;rsm;\ w&m;0if vuFmEkid if )H uE´jD rdKUokYd uv
rpfZ&l D (S.S. Missouri) oabFm tcGit hf a&;rsm; &,l&ef/ uwåm;rS wpfqifh oGm;a&muf
ay:wGif *syefvufeufcsa&; pm 3/ trsK;d orD;rsm;tm; pnf;½k;H onf/ jrefrmukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJU
 vGwfvyfa&;MudK;yrf;rI&ufpGJorkdif;
wGif wyfrawmfu, dk pf m;vS,f 7
qif;&Jom; tusK;d aqmiftzGUJ
uE´uD´ eG zf &ifh wufco hJ nfh jref armifb
h ufwefxH awmifyidk ;f a'o
OD; (Akv d af tmifqef;? Akv d v f ufsm? Fabian tpnf;ta0; usi;f yí rmukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJU &efukefjrdKU &dS *syefwyfrf sm; vufeufcsonfh
Akv
d af e0if;? Akv d af Z,s? Akv d af usmf &nf&G,fcsufESifh vkyfief;pOfwkdYudk okdY jyefvnfa&muf&dSonf/ vufrf wS af &;xk;d yGJ tcrf;tem;
aZm? Akv d af rmifarmif? Akv d af Zmfrif;) xkwfjyefonf/ xkdYaemuf,m,D «*sme,fausmftyk w f o JG pf-1? trSw-f 5/ usif;yonf/
ajymufMum;uk, d pf m;vS,f 2 OD; tvkyt f rIaqmiftzGUJ ukd zGUJ onf/ pm 4/ 15-9-45» [Mountbatten’s Report,P 186]
(uknd Kxd eG ;f ? ocifoef;xGe;f ) twGi;f a&;rSL;rsm;tjzpf OD;om'if
trsK;d om;uk, d pf m;vS,f 2 OD; (OD; ESihf OD;tke;f jrifw
h Ydkudk cefYtyfonf/ 8 pufwifbm 1945 tm&Sta&SU
NAwd od Q ppfbufqidk &f m tkycf sKyf
bab? apmbOD;Mu;D wkYd yg0if «*sme,fausmftwG-J 1? trSw-f 7/ pm awmifyidk ;f ppfaoemywdcsKyfarmifh a&;Xme jrefrmjynfrS *syefaiGpuúL
onf/ 24/ 29-9-45» bufwefu r[mrdwpf pfO;D pD;csKyf rsm;ESifhywfoufí aMunmcsuf
«jrefrmhtvif; 5-9-45» rsm;xH jrefrmEkid if b
H &k ifcH qma': xkwfjyefonf/ *syefaiGpuúLrsm;
«*sme,fausmf tkyfwGJopf? twGJ-1? 7 pufwifbm 1945 tm&Sta&SU refprpfoYkd jrdKUjya&;&mtkycf sKyfa&; onf w&m;Oya't& ok;H pGEJ idk f
trSw-f 4/ pm 25/ 8-9-45» awmifyidk ;f ppfaoemywdcsKyf armifh wm0efrsm; vTaJ jymif;rnfu h pd t
ö m; aom aiGpuúLr[kwaf Mumif;? *syef
bufwefESifh AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;? tpD&ifcHonf/ aiGpuúLwkYdtm; jrefrmjynfNAdwo d Q

Akv d cf sKyaf tmifqef;? ocifoef; ocifoef;xGe;f wkYd uE´o D abmwl [Mountbatten’s Report,P 206]
[Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 464- ppfbufqidk &f m tkycf sKyfa&;Xmeu
xGef;?AkdvfvusfmwkdY uvuwåm; nDcsufudk vufrw S af &;xk;d onf/ aomfvnf;aumif;? jrefrmjynf&dS
465]
jrdKUwGif OD;ode;f azESihf awGUqkaH qG; [Mountbatten’s Report,P 206] r[mrdwf wyfrawmfrsm;uaomf
aEG;onf/ [Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 456-
459] 10 pufwifbm 1945 zufqpf vnf;aumif;? vufcv H rd rhf nf
«ode;f azjrifh ppfwGif;c&D;onf pwkwå
tMudrf? &efukef/ yk*HpmtkyfwkdufESifh wku d zf suaf &;tzGUJ csKyfwiG f owif; r[kwaf Mumif;/ xkYdjyif jrefrmjynf
ukrm&ykEH ydS w
f u
dk ?f 1968/ pm 396/
tm&Sta&SUawmifyidk ;f ppfaoem pmq&mrsm; tpnf;ta0;yGJusif; tpk;d & jyefvnfqu dk af &mufvmyg
aemifu;dk um;vQif ode;f azjrifh ppf ywdcsKyf armifb h ufwefu Akv d f yonf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif Akv d f uvnf; vufcv H rd rhf nf r[kwf
twGif;c&D;onf [kñTef;rnf» csKyfatmifqef;tm; jrefrmhwyfr csKyfatmifqef;ESifh OD;babwkdYu aMumif; *syefaiGpuúLrsm;wGif eH
awmfwiG f 'kw, d ppfaq;a&; t&m jrefrmukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJU oD[dkVf ygwfryg tcsn;f ES;D oufoufom
6 pufwifbm 1945 tm&Sta&SU &dcS sKyf (Deputy Inspector General) EkdifiH uED́NrdKUokdYoGm;a&mufcJhonfh jzpfonf[k yg&do S nf/
awmifyidk ;f ppfaoemywdcsKyf armifh &mxl;wGif Akv d cf sKyftqifh vpm taMumif;rsm;ukd c&D;pOfESifhwuG
bufwefEiS hf jrefrmuk,d pf m;vS,f 3800 jzihf cefYtyf&ef ¤if;tqkjd yK &Sif;vif;ajymMum;onf/ 13 pufwifbm 1945 &efuek f
tzGUJ jrefrmwyfrawmfa&;&m aqG; xm;onfudk NAw d od Q tpk;d &u «jrefrmhtvif; 11-9-45» jrdKU tpk;d &tdraf wmfü jrefrmjynf&Sd
aEG;yGJ pwifusif;yonf/ oabmwlaMumif; jyefMum;xm; *syefppfwyfrsm;\ aoemywd 'k
[Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 436- 12 pufwifbm 1945 puFmyl wd,Akv d cf sKyfMuD; uDr&l m\ vuf
onfukd AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;tm;
456] jrdKU jrLeDpyD ,fcef;rMuD;wGif tm&S atmuft&m&dS Akv
today;onf/ d cf sKyf tdcs'd g;ESihf
[Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 459- ta&SUawmifyidk ;f ppfaoemywdcsKyf jrefrmjynf&dS jAdwdoQtrSwf 12
460]
15
ausmfNidrf;
wyfrawmfrS AkdvfcsKyfMuD;pawmhzkdY
\ppfOD;pD;t&m&dScsKyf AkdvfrSL;csKyf
trf;pxa&mif;onf ta&SUtm&S
awmifyidk ;f ppfaoemywdcsKyfu, dk f
pm; jrefrmjynfe,ferdwt f wGi;f &dS
*syefvufeufukdif Munf;? a&?
av wyfrsm; vufeufcsí ppf&yf
pJ&ef pmcsKyfukd vufrw S af &;xk;d
onf/
«vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;pArmjynf(y) pm
20-25»
[A Chronology of Burma’s In-
ternational Relation ,1945-58, P
1, hereafter cited as A Chronol-
ogy of Burma’s International
Relation.]
14 pufwifbm 1945 zwyv
tzGUJ csKyf A[kd tvkyt f rIaqmif
tpnf;ta0;wGif uE´Dukd,fpm;
vS,t f zGUJ \ tpD&ifcpH mudk Mum;
emaqG;aEG;onf/ zwyv tzGUJ
csKyf A[kdtvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUu
ukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJUonf jrefrmh
wyfrawmfEiS yhf wfoufí auseyf
avmufaom oabmwlncD suf&
&daS tmif aqmif&u G Ef idk Mf uonfh
twGuf aus;Zl;wifaMumif; rSwf
wrf;wif&ef qk;H jzwfonf/
«zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSwfwrf; pm
4-5/ 14-9-45»
1 6
«uE´DuGefz&ifhtpD&ifcHpm DR 269/
DR 662»
16 pufwifbm 1945 ocifp;dk
tdE,
d´ Ekid if H uvuwåm;jrdKU&dS OD;
ode;f az&d&S m bD[mvmpcef; okYd
a&muf&dSonf/
«ode;f azjrifh ppftwGif;c&D;onf pm
399»

&efuek Nf rdKU tk&d , D rfw,fuvyf
(uefawmfrdwfobif) wGif ppf
atmifyJG npmpm;yGJ usi;f yonf/
npmpm;yGJwGif tm&Sta&SUawmif
ykid ;f r[mrdwf ppfaoemywdcsKyf
armifb h ufwefu *syefwyfwYdktm;
rsKd;cspfjrefrmhwyfrawmfu yg0if
wkdufckdufrIukd csD;usL;pum;ajym
Mum;onf/ xkjd yif rsKd;cspfjrefrmh
wyfrawmftm; opömazmufaom
ppfwyf[k ac:a0:ok;H pGjJ cif; rjyK
&ef trdeYf xw k cf ahJ Mumif;ESihf ¤if;
taeESihf jrefrmvlrsK;d rsm;tay: ,kH
Munf tm;uk;d cJjh cif;rSm rSeu
aMumif; ajymMum;onf/ rsK;d cspf
jrefrmhwyfrawmfrS Akv d cf sKyfatmif
qef;u rsKd;cspffjrefrmhwyfrawmf
ukd,fpm; *syefppfAkdvfwpfOD;xHrS
odr;f qnf;&&dv S udk af om *syef"m;
&SnMf uD;ukd armifb h ufweftm;ay;
tyfonf/
«vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;pArmjynf(y) pm 20 pufwifbm 1945 &efukef
72-73» jrdKU uk, d rhf if;uk, d cf si;f vrf; trSwf
8 wGif jrefrmEkid if v H ;Hk qkid &f m vl
17 pufwifbm 1945 &efuek f i,frsm;tpnf;t½kH; zGifhyGJusif;y
jrdKU y'krm® vrf; trSwf 81 a':cif onf/
cifMuD;aetdrw f iG f jrefrmEkid if v
H ;Hk «jrefrmhtvif; 21-9-45»
qkid &f m trsK;d orD; vGwv f yfa&;
tzGUJ csKyf tpnf;ta0; usi;f y 22 pufwifbm 1945 zwyv
onf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif pufwif A[kOd ;D pD;tzGUJ u jrefrmEkid if b H &k ifcH
bm 23 &ufaeYwiG f trsK;d orD;rsm; qma':refprpfxH
\ NrdKUvk;H uRwt f pnf;ta0; ac: 1/ Ekid if jH cm;a&;
,l&efEiS hf wifoiG ;f rnft h qkrd sm;ukd 2/ umuG,af &;
qkH;jzwfonf/ 3/ tzGUJ csKyrf S axmufco H u l dk trI
«vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;pArmjynf(y) pm aqmifceffY&ef
80-81» 4/ uufbed uf tpk;d & taejzifh
«jrefrmhtvif; 19-9-45»
tvkyv f yk &f efEiS hf bk&ifc\ H ADwdk
tmPmudk t&rf;rok;H &ef/

jrefrmvGwfvyfa&; trsKd;orD;
tzGJUcsKyftrIaqmif tpnf;ta0; 5/ ,m,Dtpk;d &jzpfap aemifvm
usif;yonf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif rnft h pk;d &jzpfap aqmif&u G &f rnfh
Ouú|a':vS usef;rma&;raumif; vkyif ef; Muyfwnf;atmif rjyKvyk f
íEIwx f uG cf iG ahf wmif;vTmukd vuf &ef tcsuw f Ydkyg0ifonfh pmwpf
cHonf/ oif;vk;H uRwf tpnf; apmifay;ykdYonf/
[New Burma in the new world,
f efchJ ta0; rusif;yEkid rf D PP-63-68]
Ouú| a':apm&Sif «vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;pArmjynf(y) pm
'kw, d Ouú| a':cifvS 168-169^187»
twGif;a&;rSL; a':pkd;jrifh
wGJzuftwGif;a&;rSL; a':rMunf 23 pufwifbm 1945 &efuek f
wkYdtm; ,m,DtrIaqmifrsm;tjzpf jrdKU uefawmfMuD;&dS jrdKi½f MHk uD;ü jref
a&G;aumufonf/ rmEkid if v H ;Hk qkid &f m trsK;d orD; vGwf
«jrefrmhtvif; 26-9-45» vyfa&; tzGJUcsKyfMuD;\ jrdKUvkH;

uRwftpnf;ta0; usif;yonf/
tpnf;ta0;wGif a':cifcifMuD;
bDatbDt,fvf tufpt D ufpu f
Ouú|tjzpf aqmif&u G í f a':cif
cifMunf bDatu twGi;f a&;rSL;
tjzpf aqmif&u G of nf/ tpnf;
ta0;wGif Ouú|a':cifcifMuD;u
,cktcsed o f nf tvGeyf if ta&;
MuD;aomtcsed yf ifjzpfaMumif;? jref
rmjynfonf ppfab; ppf'Pfudk
tMudrfMudrfcHcJh&ojzifh 'ku©twd
a&mufcJhaMumif;/ trsKd;orD;rsm;
pnf;½k;H um wkid ;f jynftwGuf ae
&mwum vkdtyfonfhudprö sm;ukd
tultnDay;&rnft h csed f jzpfonf
ponfjzifh trsKd;orD;tzGJUcsKyf\
&nf&,G cf suuf dk tus,w hf 0ifh &Si;f
vif;ajymMum;onf/
«jrefrmhtvif; 25-9-45»
24 pufwifbm 1945 *syef
acwftpk;d &tzGUJ 0if 0efMuD;rsm;jzpf
aom ocifjr? ocifveG ;f abmf? OD;
xGef;atmif? OD;vSazESifh ocif
atmifZaH 0? Akv d vf a&mif? Akv d pf ;dk
Ekid w
f Ydk armfvjrdKifrS &efuek jf rdKUokYd
a&muf&dSonf/
«jrefrmhtvif; 27-9-45»
25 pufwifbm 1945 Akvd cf sKyf
atmifqef;u t&S ta&SUawmif
vGwfvyfa&;MudK;yrf;rI&ufpGJorkdif;
ykid ;f r[mrdwf ppfaoemywcsKyf pufwifbm 1945 uGwcf idk jf rdKU tzGUJ 0if apmjrode;f ? ref;bckid f wkYd
armifhbufweftm; jrefrmwyfr wGif 'l0gcGezf OHk ;D pD;í &Sr;f jynfu tm; a&G;aumufwifajr§mufonf/
awmf 'kw, d ppfaq;a&;t&m&dcS sKyf csif t rsKd ; om;tzG J U Sammung [Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 498-
499]
&mxl;wGif AkdvfrSL;csKyftqifhjzifh Jinghpaw Mugnbaung Hpung zGUJ
aqmif&u G &f ef urf;vSr;f rItm; pm pnf;onf/ &nf&, G cf surf mS vGwf
6 ESifh 8 atmufwkdbm 1945
jzifh jyefMum;onf/ xkjd yefpmwGif vyfa&;&&dSatmif MudK;yrf;&efjzpf
zwyv XmecsKyfwGif zwyv
rdrd\ yk*dK¾ vfa&;qE´t& wyfr onf/ Ouú| tjzpf 'l0gcGezf Hk
A[kOd ;D pD;tzGUJ yxrtMudrt f pnf;
awmfom;b0udk ESpjf cdKufaomf aqmif&Gufonf/
«r&rfabmufvm qrm;';'l;0gqif0g;
ta0;udk usi;f yonf/ tpnf;
vnf; rjyD;qk;H ao;aom jrefrmh
aemif/ &efuek /f ae&D&yD EkH ydS /f 1980 / ta0;wGif AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;
vGwfvyfa&; vkyfief;pOfrsm;ukd
pm 226-227/ aemifu;dk um;vQif r&rf tpD&ifco H nfu h E´oD mG ; jrefrmuk, d f
qufquf aqmif&u G &f eftwGuf abmufvm qrm;'l;0gqif0g;aemif pm;vS,ftzGJU\ tpD&ifcHpmudk
wyfrawmfudk pGeUf cGmrnfjzpf [k ñTe;f rnf» oabmwlvufco H nf/ zwyv
aMumif; yg&do S nf/
tzGUJ0ifrsm; EkdifiHa&;udpEö Sifhywf
oufí bk&ifco H Ydkr[kwf jAdwo d Q
26 pufwifbm 1945 u&ift atmuf w k d b mv uk, d pf m;vS,Ef iS hf awGUqkaH qG;aEG;
rsKd;om;tpnf;t½kH; Karem Na-
&mwGif vku d ef m&rnfh pnf;urf;
tional Association Ouú| apmom 1 ESifh 3 atmufwkdbm 1945 csufrsm;ukd aqG;aEG; twnfjyK
'if? twGi;f a&;rSL; ref;bcif? uu&ifA[kt d zGUJ csKyf Karem Central
onf/ xkYdaemuf tpnf;ta0;rS
&ifq&dk ,S q
f m;Apf Karem SocialOrganization tpnf;ta0;ukd qk;H jzwfcsuf 9 &yfudk csrw S cf hJ
Services 'kwd,Ouú| apmbOD; Munfjh rifwidk f OD;vlev D rf; trSwf
onf/
MuD;? apmjrode;f ? apm*Reqf ifuef
2 wGif usi;f yonf/ tpnf;ta0;
¤if;wkYdrSm
MuD;wkYdu The Hono Memorial of wGif u&ifA[kt d zGUcsKyf tvkyt
f rI
1/ w½kwjf ynfta&;
Karem pmwrf;ukd vufrw S af &;
aqmiftjzpf
2/ tif'cdk sKid ;f em; tif'edk ;D &Sm;ta&;
xk;d í NAdwo d Qtpk;d & jrefrmEkid if H
Ouú|ESihfaiGxdef; apmom'if
3/ tjypf'Pfjidrf;csrf;a&;
qkid &f m twGi;f 0efxH ay;ykYd onf/
vufaxmufb@ma&;rSL;
[Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 492-
4/ *syefaiGpuúLrsm;tm; rlvwef
apmbOD;MuD; zk;d twkid ;f jyefvnf½w k o
f rd ;f aom
497]
twGif;a&;rSL;
Ekid if u
H *syefEidk if rH S ppfavQmaf Mu;
ref;bcif awmif;a&;
29 pufwifbm 1945 jynfolU
wGJbuftwGif;a&;rSL; 5/ vl0ifvlxGufqkdif;iHxm;&ef
tmPm*sme,fpwifxw k af 0onf/
o&momxkd
17
ausmfNidrf;
6/ ppf&mZ0wffaumifrsm;ta&;
7/ ta&SUwkid ;f aumfr&Siw f iG f jref
rmjynftzGJU0iftjzpfyga&;
8/ jrefrmjynfbk&ifcH taejzifh
&mxl;topfrsm; cefYxm;jcif;ukd
qkdif;iHhxm;a&;
9/ ppftyk cf sKyaf &;ukd wpfMudrf
wpfcgwnf; ½kwo f rd ;f a&; wkYd jzpf
onf/
[New Burma in the new world,
PP-68-72]
«jrefrmhtvif; 7-10-45»
«*sme,fausmf twG(J 1)? trSw(f 9)? pm
2? 13-10-45»
8 atmufwkdbm 1945 zwyv
A[kOd ;D pD;tzGUJ tpnf;ta0; wwd
,aeYwiG f *sme,fausmOf ;D cspaf rmif
wifoGif;onfh bdvyftpdk;&xH
tzGJUcsKyfMuD;rS ukd,fpm;vS,foGm;
a&mufaqG;aEG;&eftqkdukd acwå
qkid ;f iHo
h nf/ xkYdaemuf b@ma&;
pnf;rsO;f ESihf tzGUJ csi;f yl;aygif;
aqmif&Guf&mwGif vkdufem&rnfh
pnf;urf;wkdYukd twnfjyKonf/
«*sme,fausmf twG(J 1)? trSw(f 9)? pm
2? 13-10-45»

,k;d ',m;Ekid if H befaumufjrdKU
wGif NAdwdoQppfbufqkdif&mwkdYu
jrefrmppfajy;tpk;d & t"dywda'guf
wmbarmfEiS Zhf eD; om;wpfa,muf
1 8
orD;av;a,mufEiS hf ,if;\vkNH cHK em,uESifh trIaqmifvlMuD;rsm; tyk'd af ygif; 79 yk'd yf gaom rdeYfceG ;f
a&;t&m&dS Akv
d &f efEidk w
f Ydk tm; zrf; cefUtyfonf/ ukd ajymMum;onf/
qD;onf/ «jrefrmhtvif; 17-10-45» «vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;pArmjynf(y) pm
«vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;pArmjynf(y) pm 144-147»
135» 15 atmufwkdbm 1945 jrefrm
EkdifiH ppfawmif;jrpfta&SUbuf&dS
bk&ifct H rd af wmfwiG f n 6em&D
9 atmufwkdbm 1945 tm&S weoFm&Dc½kdifrSty usefjkrefrm tcsed üf jrefrmEkid if b H &k ifcH qma':
ta&SUawmifyidk ;f r[mrdwpf pfao jynf a'orsm;wGif ppftyk cf sKyaf &; refprpf owif;pmq&mrsm;ESifh
emywdcsKyf avm'fhvl0Darmifhbuf &yfpJonf/ awGUqkHonf/
wef &efuek Nf rdKUokYd a&muf&o
Sd nf/ «vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;pArmjynf(y) pm «ol&d,owif;pm 19-10-45/ aemif
«vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;pArmjynf(y) pm 135» uk;d um;vQif ol&d, [knTef;rnf»
134» «EkdifiHvkH;qkdif&mzqyvnDvmcHwGif
wifoiG ;f aom zqyvtzGJUcsKyftaxG
jrefrmEkid if b
H &k ifcu
H bk&ifcH \
14 atmufwkdbm 1945 a&Tw*d Hk axGtwGif;a&;rSL;\tpD&ifcHpm 19 trI a qmif a umif p D (0ef M uD ;
apwDawmfwiG f vlxt k pnf;ta0; 46? Zefef 0g&D/ pm 5/ aemifu;dk um;vQif
zqyvtzGJUcsKyf taxGaxGtwGif;
tzGUJ )ESihf Oya'jyKvw T af wmfEiS hf pyf
usif;yí &efukefNrdKUawmftkyfcsKyf vsOf;onfhaMunmcsuf xkwfjyef
a&;rSL;\ tpD&ifcHpm[kñTef;rnf»
a&;ukd ppftyk cf sKyfa&;rS jrdKUjytkyf onf/
csKyaf &;okYd tjrefq;Hk vTaJ jymif;ay; 16 atmufwkdbm 1945 jrefrm «vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;pArmjynf(y) pm
&ef awmif;qko d nf/ 154-155»
EkdifiHbk&ifcH qma':refprpfonf
«vuf½kH;*sme,fw(JG 1)? trSw(f 3)? pm uvD,ydk wfx&m H.M.S Cleopa-
-5/ 18-10-1945»
zwyv A[kOd ;D pD;tzGUJ tpnf;
tra oabFmjzifh jrefrmEkid if o
H Ydk
ta0;usi;f yí jrefrmEkid if H bk&ifcH
a&muf&dSvmonf/

&efue k Nf rdKU uk,
d rfh if;uk,
d chf sif; \ jrdKUawmfcef;rwGif ajymMum;
[Mountbatten’s Report,P 161]
vrf; trSw8f wGif tpnf;ta0; «*sme,fausmf twG(J 1)? trSw(f 10)? aom rdeYfceG ;f ESihf pyfvsO;f í aqG;
wpf&yfusi;f yonf/ tpnf;ta0; pm 1? 20-10-45» aEG;onf/
em,utjzpf q&mMuD;OD;bvGif [New Burma in the new world,
P-73-76]
u aqmif&u G í f OD;boef; (ol&d 17 atmufwkdbm 1945 &efuek f «vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;pArmjynf(y) pm
,)u twGi;f a&;rSL;tjzpf aqmif jrdKUawmfcef;rwGif jrefrmEkid if b H &k if 149»
&Guo f nf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif jref cH qma':refprpftm; NrdKUoljrdKU
rmw½kwf ,Ofaus;rItoif;MuD; om;rsm;u MudKqkdyGJusif;yonf/
OD;ode;f az tdE, d´ Ekid if H uv
xlaxmif&ef qk;H jzwfjyD; toif;\ MudKqkdyGJwGif jrefrmEkdifiHbk&ifcHu uwåm;NrdKUrS jrefrmEkid if H jyefvnf
 vGwfvyfa&;MudK;yrf;rI&ufpGJorkdif;
a&muf&dSonf/ &ef oabmwl qk;H jzwfonf/ xkYd cH\ pnf;urf;csurf sm;rSm auseyf
zwyvtzGUJ csKyf Ouú| Akv d f
«odef;azjrifhppftwGif;c&D;onf pm27» aemuf bk&ifcEH iS ahf wGUqk&H ef Akv d f p&mr&dSvSaomfvnf; zwyvcs csKyfatmifqef;u zwyvtzGJU
«ol&d, 19-10-45» csKyfatmifqef;? ocifoef;xGef;? rSwx f m;onfh pnf;urf;csut f wkid ;f csKyfonf jrefrmwpfrsK;d vk;H twGuf
OD;bab? wkYdtm; uk, d pf m;vS,f jzpfEkdifrnfqkdvQif bk&ifcH\trI aqmif&GufcJhaMumif;/ jrefrmjynf
18 atmufwkdbm 1945 zwy tjzpf cefYtyfonf/ xkYdaemuf aqmifaumifpD (0efMuD;tzGUJ ) wGif
v A[kOd ;D pD;tzGUJ tpnf;ta0;ukd \ tem*wftyk cf sKyfa&;ESihf pD;yGm;
bk&ifcH\ rdefYcGef;udk jyefMum; yg0if&ef qk;H jzwfaMumif;/ xkYd jyif a&;paom MuD;av;aom wm0ef
zwyvXmecsKyfwGif qufvuf onfh qk;H jzwfcsurf sm;ukd tm;vk;H trIaqmifaumifpDokdY 0ifa&muf
usi;f yonf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif MuD;rsm;ukd qufvuf aqmif&u G f
oabmwl twnfjyKum 'DZifbm rnfh zwyv tzGUJ 0ifrsm; vku d ef m &ef tzGUJ csKyf&yH aHk iGtwGuf jrefrm
jrefrmEkid if H bk&ifc\ H rdeYf ceG ;f rSm
vtwGif; nDvmcHobifMuD;ukd &ef pnf;urf;csurf sm;a&;qG&J ef OD;
aeol&ed q f ;Hk jzwfcsuEf iS hf qefUusif wpfrsKd;om;vkH;u wwfpGrf;orQ
&efuek jf rdKUwGif usi;f y&ef qk;H jzwf cspaf rmif? OD;ode;f azESihf a'gufwm ulnD xnf0h ifMu&ef wku d wf eG ;f
aMumif;? zwyvtzGUJ csKyfudk om onf/ qufwYdktm; a&G;cs,v f u dk af Mumif;
refoabmrsK;d ok;H EIe;f xm;aMumif; «jrefrmhtvif; 20-10-45» aMumif; aMunmcsuf xkwfjyef
qkH;jzwfonf/ onf/
aqG;aEG;onf/ «vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;pArmjynf(y) pm
«vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;pArmjynf(y) pm 20 atmufwkdbm 1945 zwy «vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;pArmjynf(y) pm
168» 582»
153-154» «jrefrmhtvif; 21-10-45»
v OD;pD;tzGUJ rS 17-10-45 wGif
«ol&d, 21-10-45»

jrefrmEki d if H bk&ifcH qma':ref ajymMum;onfh bk&ifcH\rdefUcGef; 24 atmufwkdbm 1945 zwy
prpfu jrefrmjynf toHviT ½hf rHk S ESihf pyfvsO;f í aMunmpmwrf; 23 atmufwkdbm 1945 rsK;d cspf vtzGUJ csKyf A[kOd ;D pD;tzGUJ tpnf;
jrefrmjynfol jynfom;rsm;xH udk xkwjf yefonf/ jrefrmwyfrawmf zqyvtzGUJ csKyf ta0; usi;f yjyD; bk&ifc\ H trI
toHvTifh rdefYcGef;ajymMum;onf/ «vl xOk ;D vS ppfjyD;pArmjynf(y) pm
163-167» rS EIwx f uG af Mumif; aMunm aqmifaumifpDokdY 0ifa&mufrnfh
«vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;pArmjynf(y) pm zwyv A[kOd ;D pD;tzGUJ 0if 9 OD;ukd
«*sme,fausmf twG(J 1)? trSw(f 11)? onf/
155-156»
pm 4? 27-10-45» «vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;pArmjynf(y) pm vQKd0SufqE´rJjzifh a&G;cs,f&m
[New Burma in the new world, 179» AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;
P-73-76] OD;bab
19 atmufwkdbm 1945 zwy
zwyvtzGUJ csKyfu bk&ifc\ H OD;jr (aysmfb,G )f
vOD;pD;tzGUJ tpnf;ta0; usi;f y
zwyvtzGUJ csKyf A[kOd ;D pD;tzGUJ trIaqmifaumifpDwGif yg0ifrnfh OD;btkef;
onf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif jrefrmEkid f tpnf;ta0;usi;f yonf/ tpnf; A[kOd ;D pD;tzGUJ 0ifrsm;tm; A[kOd ;D pD; ocifjr
iHb&k ifcu
H zwyv OD;pD;tzGUJ 0if ta0;wGif jrefrmEkdifiHbk&ifcHESifh tzGUJ u owfrw S af om pnf;urf; OD;ndKxGef;
uk,
d pf m;vS,rf sm;ESihf awGUqkvH dk zqyv uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm; awGU csufrsm;udk xkwfjyefonf/ OD;&mZwf
aMumif;zdwMf um;onfEiS hf pyfvsO;f qko
H nfh udp&ö yfrsm;ukd tpD&ifcH [New Burma in the new world, OD;odef;az
í aqG;aEG;G jyD; uk,
d pf m;vS,v
f wT f onf/ xkYdaemuf jrefrmEkid if b
H &k if P-277] OD;at;wkdYukd a&G;cs,fcJhMuonf/

19
ausmfNidrf;
trIaqmifaumifpDokdY wifoGif;&
rnfh trnfpm&if;rSm 11 OD;jzpfí
useEf pS Of ;D ukd u&iftrsK;d om; ref;
bcifEiS hf apmbOD;MuD;wkYdtm; jydKif
bufr&dS a&G;aumuf wifajr§muf
onf/

&efukefNrdKU ,k'oefaumvdyf
bGUJ ESi;f obif rsuEf mS pmwGif tm&S
ta&SUawmifyidk ;f *syef ppfaoem
ywdcsKyf \ uk, d pf m; trSwf 28
*syefwyfrMuD;rS Akv d cf sKyfMuD; uDrl
&m acgif;aqmifaom *syefppf
uk, d pf m;vS,t f zGUJ u tm&Sta&SU
awmifyidk ;f r[mrdwpf pfaoemywd
csKyf uk, d pf m; jrefrmjynf jAdwo d Q
trSwf 12 wyfrMuD;rS 'kw, d Akv d f
csKyfMuD; pawmhzkdY trSL;jyKonfh
r[mrdwf ppfu, dk vf ,S rf sm; vuf
okdY ]]qmrl½kdif;}} ac: *syefol&J
aumif;rsm; pGu J idk af om "m;&Snf
rsm; tyfESif;yGJusif;yonf/

zwyvtzGUJ csKyfrS bk&ifc\ H axmifa&;
trIaqmifaumifpDwGif yg0ifrnfh
A[kOd ;D pD;tzGUJ 0if 11 OD;\trnf
pm&if;ukb d &k ifcxH H wifoiG ;f onf/
«vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;pArmjynf(y) pm
182-183»
«jrefrmhtvif; 25-10-45»
[Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 522-
525]
2 0
[New Burma in the new world,
P-86-87]
«zqyvtzGJUcsKyf taxGaxGtwGif;
a&;rSL;\tpD&ifcHpm pm¿»
25 atmufwkdbm 1945 jrefrm
EkdifiHbk&ifcH qma':refprpfonf
jrefrmjynftpk;d &\ tBuHay;t&m
&dS OD;wifx#G uf dk zwyvtzGUJ csKyf
okYd apvTwjf yD; trIaqmifaumif
pDwiG f tzGUJ 0if 15 OD;tpm; 11
OD; om cefYxm;rnfjzpfaMumif;/
tqkyd g 11 OD;twGuf Xmersm;rSm
1/ aus;vufawm&GmESifh v,f
,mpkdufysKd;a&;Xme
2/ vufrpI ufreI iS hf tvkyo f rm;
Xme
3/ ul ; oef ; a&mif ; 0,f a &;ES i f h
axmufyHha&;Xme
4/ ynma&;Xme
5/ jynfoUl vkyif ef;ESihf jyefvnf
xlaxmifa&;Xme
6/ a&G;aumufyGJESifh jyefvnfxl
7/ jynfolUaumif;pm;a&;
8/ jynfxJa&;Xme
9/ b@ma&;ESifhtcGefawmf
10/ umuG,af &;ESihf Ekid if jH cm;a&;
Xme
11/ awmifwef;e,f tkyfcsKyfa&;
Xme
tqkyd g 11 XmewGif
qmay:xGe;f tm; jynfxaJ &;
ruú';l *Jvf Sir Raibert Mac Dou-
gall tm;
umuG,fa&;ESifh EkdifiHjcm;a&;
rpöwmyD;,m;pf Charles F Pearce
tm; awmifwef;e,f tkycf sKyaf &;
twGuf bk&ifcu H &mxm;jyD;jzpf
aMumif; zwyv OD;pD;tzGUJ rS wif
oGi;f aom trnfpm&if; 11 OD;
teuf 7 OD;om bk&ifcu H vuf
cHrnf jzpfaMumif;ESihf txl;ojzifh
ocifoed ;f az ryg0ifap&ef arQmf
vifhaMumif; ajymMum;onf/
«vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;pArmjynf(y) pm
184-185»
«*sme,fausmf? twG-J 1? trSw-f 12/
pm 4/ 3-11-45»
[New Burma in the new world,
P-91-93]

zwyv tzGUJ csKyf A[kOd ;D pD;tzGUJ
tpnf;ta0; usi;f yjyD; zwyv
tzGUJ csKyrf S bk&ifc\ H trIaqmif
aumifpw D iG f jynfxaJ &; 0efMuD;
Xmeukd zwyvrS wifoiG ;f onfh
yk*Kd¾ vfrsm;teuf wpfO;D OD;ukd vTJ
tyf&efawmif;qkdcsufudk? bk&ifcH
u vufrcHonft h wGuf tqkyd g
awmif;qkdcsufukd vnf;aumif;?
bk&ifcH\ trIaqmifaumifpD
tzGUJ wGif yg0if&ef trnfpm&if;
wifoGif;xm;aom yk*d¾Kvfrsm;\
trnfpm&if;ukd vnf;aumif;?
jyefvnf ½kwo f rd ;f &ef qk;H jzwf
onf/
«zqyvtzGJUcsKyf taxGaxGtwGif;
a&;rSL;\tpD&ifcHpm pm16»
«vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;pArmjynf(y) pm
184-185»
27 atmufwkdbm 1945 rsK;d cspf
jrefrmwyfrawmf ppfaoemywd
Akv
d cf sKyfatmifqef;onf Ekid if aH &;
bufwiG f yg0ifaqmif&u G &f ef qk;H
jzwfvkdufjyD; rsKd;cspfjrefrmwyfr
awmf\ ppfaoemywd &mxl;rS
EIwfxGufvkdufjyD[k jrefrmtoH
vTifhXmeowif;wGif azmfjyonf/

zwyvXmecsKyfü Ouú|Akv d f
csKyfatmifqef;? twGif;a&;rSL;
ocifoef;xGef;wkdYESifh owif;pm
q&mrsm; tpnf;ta0; usif;y
onf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif Ouú|ESihf
twGif;a&;rSL;u jzpfay:cJhaom
Ekid if aH &;tajctaersm;udk tao;
pdw&f iS ;f jyonf/ xkYd aemuf zwy
v tzGJUcsKyf a&SUvkyfief;pOfrsm;
tjzpf pnf;vk;H nDnw G af &;? jrefrm
jynf\tajctaerSefukd t*Fvef
jynforl sm; od&aSd &;ESihf jynforl sm;
 vGwfvyfa&;MudK;yrf;rI&ufpGJorkdif;
oufomacsmifcsda&;wkYd udk aqmif bk&ifcu H zwyv\ awmif;qkd &yfp&J ef qk;H jzwfonf/ rsK;d cspt
f zGUJ
zwyvtzGUJ csKyfu tpk;d &\
&Gufrnf jzpfaMumif; ajymMum; csuu f dk rvku d af vsmí 0rf;enf; 0if OD;at;ESihf OD;btke;f wkYdu z ]]jynfoUl vGwv f yfa&;tzGUJ csKyf ESihf
onf/ aMumif;? zwyv\ qk;H jzwfcsuf wyvtzGJUcsKyf twGif;a&;rSL;xH bk&ifcH aphpyfí&bJ &dcS jhJ cif;ESihf
ukd rdrw d Ydk tzGUJ taeESihf axmufcH zwyvrS EIwx f u
G pf mrsm; ay;ykYd ywfoufí &Si;f vif;csu}f } ESihf pyf

*syefacwf jrefrmtpk;d &tzGUJ 0if aMumif;? tjcm;Ekid if aH &;tzGUJ tpnf; onf/ vsOf;í ]]zwyvtzGJUcsKyf\acsy
omoema&;ESihf jyefvnxlaxmif rsm;tm;vk;H zwyvESihf a&S;u «jrefrmhtvif; 1-11-45» csuf}} The League’s Rejoinder
a&;0efMuD; AE¨KvOD;pdef ,k;d ',m; xufyí dk aoG;pnf;&ef arwåm&yfcH
jrefrmjynfvkH;qkdif&m rsKd;cspf
xkwfjyefaMunmonf/
f Ydk jyefvnfa&muf aMumif;qkH;jzwfonf/
Ekid if rH S &efuek o [New Burma in the new world,
tzGJUrsm;\Ouú| OD;jr([oFmw) PP 83-85]
&dSonf/ «jrefrmhtvif; 2-11-45»
«*sme,fausmf? twG-J 1? trSw-f 12/ u zwyvtzGUJ csKyfOuú|xH tpD
«vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;pArmjynf(y) pm
189-190» pm 25/ 3-11-45» &ifcHpmay;ykdYonf/ tpD&ifcHpm atmufwkdbm 1945 jrefrmEkdifiH
wGif rsKd;cspftzGUJ acgif;aqmifrsm; u&ifvil ,frsm;tpnf;t½k;H Kar-
28 atmufwkdbm 1945 zwy 29 atmufwkdbm 1945 zwy u rsK;d cspt f zGUJ ukd zwyvrS EIwf en Youth Organization ukzd UJG pnf;
vtzGUJ csKyf tvkyt f rIaqmiftxl; v tzGUJ csKyfwiG f Akv
d cf sKyfatmif xGu&f ef wku d w f eG ;f aMumif;/ ¤if; onf/
tpnf;ta0;usi;f yí vuf&ESd idk if H qef;u owif;pmq&mrsm;ESihf u rxGuv f adk Mumif;? xkyd *k Kd¾ vrf sm; [Burma Struggle Vol.I: P 462]
a&; tajctaersm;udk aqG;aEG; tpnf;ta0;usif;yjyD; zwyv oabmuGJvGJygu rsKd;cspftzGJUrS
onf/ xkYdaemufjrefrmEkid if v
H uf&Sd tzGJUcsKyfonf pnf;vkH;nDnGwfpGm EIwx f uG rf nfjzpfaMumif; zwyv Ek d 0 if b mv
Ekid if aH &;tajctaersm;udk owif; jzifh tjyiftyrSaejyD; worwf tzGUJ rS ¤if;u wpfo;D yk*v ¾ tae
pmq&mrsm;tm; &Si;f jy&efEiS jhf ynf wnf;aqmif&Gufrnf jzpfaMumif; jzifh vufcyH gu qufvufaqmif 1 Ekd0ifbm 1945 jrefrmEkid if H
olrsm;od&dSatmif jynfolUtpnf; ajymMum;jyD; vuf&ESd idk if aH &;tajc &Gurf nf[k yg&do S nf/ bk&ifcH qma':refprpfu bk&ifcH
taersm;udk owif;pmq&mrsm; «OD;jrxHrS z.w.y.vtzGJUcsKyfxH tpD \ trIaqmifaumifpt D zGUJ (0ef
ta0;rsm; usi;f yjyD; &Si;f vif;ajym &ifcHpm 30atmufwkdbm1945»
Mum;&ef qk;H jzwfonfh aMunm tm; &Sif;vif;ajymMum;onf/ MuD;tzGUJ ) ukcd efYtyfonf/ tzGUJ 0if
csufwpf&yff xkwfjyefonf/ «jrefrmhtvif; 30-10-45» rsm;rSm
31 atmufwkdbm 1945 jrefrm qmay:xGef; jynfxaJ &;? Ekid if aH &;
«vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;pArmjynf(y) pm
189» 30 atmufwkdbm 1945 rsK;d cspf Ekid if tH pk;d &u zwyvESihf bk&ifcH ESihf w&m;a&; Xme/
[New Burma in the new world, ygwDacgif;aqmifMuD;rsm; tpnf; aphpyfír&bJ&cSd jhJ cif;ESihf ywfouf qmxGef;atmifausmf b@ma&;
PP 80-83] í &Si;f vif;csuu f dk xkwjf yefonf/ ESihf tcGeaf wmfXme
«zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSwfwrf; pm ta0;usif;yonf/ tpnf;ta0; [New Burma in the new world,
26» wGif zwyvtzGUJ csKyftwGi;f 0if P-106] OD;yk v,f,m pku d yf sK;d a&;ESihf aus;
a&mufaqmif&GufaeMuaom rsKd; «*sme,fausmf? twG-J 2? trSw-f 1/ pm vufawm&Gmpnfyifa&;Xme

azbd,eftzGUJ OD;pD;tpnf;ta0; 6/ 10-11-45»
cspfacgif;aqmifrsm;u ,aeUrS OD;at; ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;ESifh
usif;yonf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif pí qufvufaqmif&Gufjcif;rS &du©mXme
21
ausmfNidrf;
OD;btke;f -
OD;&efatmif ynma&;Xme
ref;bcif aygif;oif;qufqaH &;
ESihf MuD;yGm;a&;Xme
OD;vGef; vrf;yef;taqmuftODEiS hf
jyefvnfxlaxmifa&;Xme
qmruú'l;*Jvf umuG,af &;eSihf
EkdifiHjcm;a&;Xme
rpöwmyD;,m;pf awmifwef;e,f
tkyfcsKyfa&;
«jrefrmhtvif; 2-11-45»

&efuek Nf rdKU A[ef; a&wm&Snf
vrf; trSwf 69 wkYdArmtpnf;
t½kH;XmecsKyfwGif owif;pmq&m
rsm; tpnf;ta0;usif;yonf/
tpnf;ta0;wGif z.w.y.vtzGJU
csKyfoYdk wkYd Armtpnf;t½k;H rS ay;
ykYd vu
dk af om tzGUJ csKyfEiS hf ylaygif;
&ef ½kwfodrf;vkdufaMumif;pmukd
owif;pmq&mrsm;tm; a0iS
onf/
«jrefrmhtvif; 2-11-45»
«vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;pArmjynf(y) pm
199»
2 Ekd0ifbm 1945 jAdwdoQygvD
refatmufvTwfawmfwGif tdEd́,
jynfEiS hf jrefrmjynfqidk &f m twGi;f
«vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;pArmjynf(y) pm «vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;pArmjynf(y) pm qef;yg0if ywfoufaeaMumif;
0ef rpöwm tmom[if'gqifu 200»
jrefrmjynftm; pnf;urf; use
2 2
aom 'Dru dk a&pD0g't& vk;H 0uk, d f 4 Ek0d ifbm 1945 &efuek Nf rKd U wm 10 Ekd0ifbm 1945 jrefrmEkid if H
ykid t
f yk cf sKyfa&;ukd tjrefq;Hk jzpfEidk f arG usKud qú v
H rf; trSwf 225 wGif bk&ifc\H tpnf;ta0; cef;rü
onft h csed w f iG f &&daS tmif aqmif ¿ jrefrmEkdifiHbk&ifcH a':refprpfu
&GufoGm;rnf[k ajymMum;onf/ Ouú| 'D;'kwOf ;D bcsKd owif;pq&mrsm;ESihf awGUqkaH qG;
«jrefrmhtvif; 4-11-45» 'kw,d Ouú| OD;uku d Mdk uD; (0efMuD; aEG;onf/ xkdYokdYaqG;aEG;&mwGif
a[mif;) bk&ifcH\trIaqmif aumifpDukd
3 Ekd0ifbm 1945 jrefrmEkid if H taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; rdro
d abmtwkid ;f zGUJ pnf;xm;jcif;
bk&ifc\ H trIaqmif(0efMuD;) tzGUJ ocifvGif jzpfaMumif;/ rdro d nf puúLjzLpm
usrf;opömusdefqkdonf/ 'kwd, taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; wrf;t& jrefrmEkid if H jyefvnfxl
«jrefrmhtvif; 4-11-45» ocifvSauR axmifa&; pDru H ed ;f udk txajrmuf
b@ma&;rSL; OD;wifneG Uf atmifaqmif&u G o f mG ;rnf[k aMu

zwyv OD;pD;tzGUJ 0ifrsm;jzpf
«ocifvaS uR 'D;'kwfOD;bcsKdESifhtvkyf nmonf/
aom 'D;'kwOf ;D bcsK?d ocifcsp?f OD; orm; nDnGwfa&;? pm 20-21» «jrefrmhtvif; 13-11-45»
odef;azwkdYu zwyvXmecsKyfokdY «*sme,fausmftwG-J 2? trSw-f 2/ pm
owif;pmq&mrsm;tm; zdwfac: 5 Ekd0ifbm 1945 jrefrmEkid if H ¿/ 17-11-45»
í jrefrmEkid if aH &; tajctaersm; bk&ifc\ H trIaqmifaumifpD (0ef
&Sif;vif;onf/ zwyvtaejzifh MuD;) tzGUJ tpnf;ta0; usi;f y 14 Ekd0ifbm 1945 jrefrmEkid if H
wkid ;f jynf jyefvnf xlaxmifa&;? onf/ twGif;0efcsKyfu jAdwdoQtpkd;&
jynfolrsm; oufomacsmifcsda&;? [Burma Struggle Vol.I: P XLVII] jrefrmEkdifiHtwGif;0efxH pmwpf
a&G;aumufyGJaqmvsifpGm usif;y apmifa&;om;ay;ykdYonf/ xkdpm
Ekid af &;? Ekid if aH wmf jidr0f yfyjd ym;a&;? 6 Ekd0ifbm 1945 jrefrmEkid if H
wGif 1942 ckEpS u f *syefwyfr
paomudprö sm;udkom qufvuf bk&ifc\ awmfEiS hf jrefrmhvw
H trIaqmifaumifpD (0ef G vf yfa&;wyfr
aqmif&u G of mG ;rnf jzpfonfh MuD;) tzGUJ 0ifrsm; jzpfMuaom qm
awmf rkwrå rS oxk;H okYd csw D ufvm
tjyif tpk;d &u ¤if;wkYd tultnD ay:xGe;f ? qmxGe;f atmifausm?f OD;
pOf oxkcH ½kid f aygifNrdKUe,f oJjzL
tvk&d u Sd tjyiftyrSaeí Ekid if H yk? OD;at;? OD;btke;f ? OD;&efatmif?
acsmif;&Gm (oxkrH S 33 rkid u f mG ) ol
tusK;d iSm tpGr;f ukef ulnaD qmif OD;vGe;f ESihf ref;bcifwYdku trI
MuD; tAÁ'&l m&Spf (A bdul Rashid)
&Guo f mG ;&ef toif&h aSd Mumif; ajym aqmiftzGUJ pnf;rsO;f 0g'ukd xkwf
tm; oxkaH bmvk;H uGi;f twGi;f
Mum;onf/ azmfaMunmonf/ owfjzwfrw I iG f Akv d cf sKyfatmif
204-205» azmfjyxm;onf/
«jrefrmhtvif; 6-11-45» [Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 52-

538-539/ 728]
15 Ekd0ifbm 1945 om,m0wD
OD;armifarmifonf bk&ifcH\trI
aqmif aumifpDwGif o,f,lykdY
aqmifa&;eSifh qufoG,fa&;0ef
MuD;Xme 0efMuD;tjzpf cefYtyfc&H
onf/
«jrefrmhtvif; 18-11-45»
[Burma Struggle Vol.I: P LI]
18 Ek0d ifbm 1945 zwyvtzGUJ
csKyfrS MuD;rSL;í a&Tw*d aHk pwDawmf
tv,fypö,w H iG f jrefrmjynfjref
rmvlrsKd;wkdY\ qE´ukdjyoaom
jynfoUl tiftm;jyyGMJ uD;ukd usif;y
onf/ jynfolUtpnf;ta0;wGif
Akv
d cf sKyfatmifqef;u Ouú|tjzpf
aqmif&Gufí ocifoef;xGef;u
twGif;a&;rSL;tjzpf aqmif&Guf
onf/ ,aeYjynfoUl tpnf;ta0;
MuD;ac:,l&jcif;rSm Mo*kwf 19
&ufaeYu usi;f ycJah om aeol&ed f
jynfoUl tpnf;ta0;MuD; qk;H jzwf
csuftwkid ;f jynfoUl vGwv f yfa&;
tzGJUcsKyfMuD;u aqmif&GufcJhonf
rsm;ukd tpD&ifc&H efEiS hf a&SUvkyif ef;
pOfrsm;ukd jy|mef;&efwYdktwGujf zpf
aMumif;/ txl;ojzifh jynfoUl
vGwv f yfa&;tzGUJ csKyMf uD;ESihf bk&if
vGwfvyfa&;MudK;yrf;rI&ufpGJorkdif;
cHwYdk ,m,D trsK;d om;tpk;d & xl vmESiv hf yk if ef;pOfrsm;ukd aqG;aEG; 7^8-24^24-42»
axmifa&;udpw ö YdkwiG f oabmxm; vkad Mumif;/ Ekid if w H iG ;f ü nDnw G f «*sme,fausmf twG(J 2)?trSw(f 3) pm
uGv J jJG cif;ESihf pyfvsOf;í wkid ;f ol a&;ckid rf matmif MudK;yrf;í jrefrm 11»
«Armhacwfowif;pm 21-11-45»
jynfom;rsm;tm; &Si;f vif;jy&efEiS hf vGwv f yfa&; &&d&S efawmif;qkcd suf
a&SUwGirf nfoYdk pcef;oGm;oifo h nf rsm;ukd w&m;ojzifh aqmif&u G &f m
24 Ekd0ifbm 1945 zwyvtzGUJ
ukd aqG;aEG;&efyif jzpfaMumif;? jref wGif at;aq;pGm aqmif&u G rf nf
csKyfOD;pD;tzGJU tvkyftrIaqmif
rmwyfrawmfudpEö Sifh ywfoufí jzpfaMumif;/ þuJo h Ydk at;aq;
tpnf;ta0; usif;yonf/
jrefrmwyfrawmf qufvufwnf pGm aqmif&GufvkdonfhtaMumif;
tpnf;ta0;wGif
&d&S ef MuKd ;yrf;cJ&h m atmifjrif rSm ppf'u k t © rsKd;rsKd; usa&mufchJ
1/ wpfEkdifiHvkH;wGif tpkd;&u
aMumif;/ jrefrmwyfrawmfonf onfhjrefrmjynfol jynfom;rsm;
tzrf;tqD; tcsKyftcs,jf yK
jrefrmjynf vGwfvyfa&;vkyfief; udk axmufxm;n§mwmjcif;om
vkyv f su&f jSd cif;ESihf ywfouf
twGuf pGr;f tm;&do S í aqmif&u G f jzpfaMumif;? aMumuf&GHUír[kwf
onfh trIwrJG sm;udk aocsm
cJhjyDjzpfaMumif;? jrefrmwyfrawmf aMumif; &Si;f vif;pGm odapvkd
pGm pDpOfí tzGUJ csKyf\uk, d f
\ ppfa&;vkyif ef;rsm;onf jyD;qk;H aMumif; ajymMum;cJo h nf/ ocif
pm;vS,rf sm;onf jrefrmEkid f
cJjh yD? jrefrmwyfrawmfonf wm0ef oef;xGe;f u aeol&ed v f xl t
k pnf;
iHb&k ifcx
H H oGm;a&mufaqG;
auscJhjyD jzpfaMumif;/ ,cktcg ta0;rS a&Tw*d t Hk v,fypö,v H x l k
aEG;&ef/
wyfrawmftjyifbuf&dS EkdifiHa&; tpnf;ta0;yGt J xd zwyvtzGUJ
xkdYokdYaqG;aEG;&mwGif
orm;rsm;ESihf wkid ;f oljynfom;rsm; csKyf aqmif&u G cf surf sm;udk tpD&if
(u) a&G;aumufyGJudpö
u use&f aSd eao;aom vGwv f yf cHzwfMum;onf/ xkdYaemufvlxk
(c) bdvyfoYdk uk, d pf m;
a&; vkyif ef;rsm;ukd qufvuf tpnf;ta0;MuD;rS tqkd 4&yfudk
vS,fvTwfrnfhudpö
aqmif&u G &f efom &daS wmhaMumif;/ wifoiG ;f jy|mef;&ef qk;H jzwfchJ
2/ a&G;aumufyu JG pd ö ajymonfh
,m,DtrsK;d om;tpk;d & zGUJ pnf;a&; onf/
tcg aemuftusqk;H tcsdef
ESiyhf wfoufí tzGUJ csKyfEiS b hf &k ifcH xktd qkd 4 &yfrmS
uefUowf&ef/
oabmxm;uGJvGJcJhaMumif;/uREkfyf 1/ bk&ifcH trIaqmiftzGUJ
3/ NAdwdoQygvDref {jyDvwGif
wkYd EiS b hf &k ifcH oabmuGv J &JG mwGif 2/ wkdif;jynfjyKvTwfawmf
rem;rD bdvyfoYdk uk, d pf m;
yk*Kd¾ vfpJG oabmESichf snf; uGv J cJG hJ 3/ pD;yGm;a&;ESihf
vS,fvTwf&ef/
onfrh [kw/f pepfoabm ay:v 4/ jypf'Pfjidrf;at;a&;
4/ zwyv\ EkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m
pD oabmjzifh uGJvGJcJhaMumif;/ jzpfonf/
«jynfolUtpnf;ta0;? &efuek /f oH
uGe*f &ufudk 17-1-46 rSp
vuf&ESd idk if aH &; tajctaeukd ok;H
awmfqifo
h wif;pmyHEk ySd /f 1946/ pm 3- í usi;f y&ef/
oyfjyD;aemuf a&SUEkdifiHa&;tvm;
5/ EkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m uGefu&uf
23
ausmfNidrf;
ukd a&Tw*d b Hk &k m; tv,fypö rawmfom;rsm;udk vufcHvsuf&dS 4 'DZifbm 1945 jrefrmEkid if H qm tm; zqyv\ aqmif&Guf&ef
,HwiG f usif;y&ef/ aMumif; ppfwyfopfw f iG f yg0ifrnfh a':refprpf rEÅav;jrdKUukd vSnhf vkyfief;rsm;twGuf &efykHaiGxnhf
6/ jrefrmhvw G v f yfa&; vkyif ef; rsKd;cspfjrefrmhwyfrawmfrS ppfom; vnfMunf½h o I nf/ bk&ifcrH EÅav; 0ifvSL'gef;&ef wkdufwGef;EId;aqmf
MuD;twGuf &efyaHk iG ESpo f ed ;f OD;a&rSm use;f rma&;aq;ppfatmif jrdKUwGif ajymMum;aom rdeYfceG ;f wGif onf/
ukd 1945 ckEpS f 'DZifbm 30 jriforl sm; OD;a&tay:wGif wnf zwyvtm; wHcg;zGiv hf suyf if &daS «jrefrmhtvif; 13-12-45»
&ufrwkid rf D tjyD;aumuf&ef/ aeaMumif; ajymMum;onf/ ao;aMumif; yg&do S nf/
7/ Oya'jyKvTwfawmfokdY wpf «jrefrmhtvif; 29-11-45» «jrefrmhtvif; 10-1-46» 14 'DZifbm 1945 AkdvfcsKyf
OD;csi;f zdwo f nfudk vufrcH «vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;pArmjynf(y) pm atmifqef;tm; ½ku d w
f m owif;
&ef þpnf;rsO;f onf OD;pD;
v,f,mpku d yf sK;d a&;Xme 0efMuD; 315» axmufu jrefrmEkdifiHbk&ifcH\
tzGUJ 0ifrsm;ESio hf m qkid í f OD;yk Ouú|tjzpf aqmif&u G af om rEÅav; rdeYf ceG ;f wGif zqyv
tjcm;yk*Kd¾ vf wpfO;D csi;f 0if rJqE´ay;cGihf pkpH rf;a&;aumfrwD zGUJ 7 ESifh 13 'DZifbm 1945 Auy twGuf wHcg;zGifhxm;ygonf[k
pnf;onf/ A[kad umfrwDtpnf;ta0; usi;f y yg&daS Mumif;/ zqyvonf bk&if
vkud 0if&ef/
«jrefrmhtvif; 29-11-45» onf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif Auy\ cH\trIaqmifaumifpD 11 ae&m
8/ a&G;aumufyJG aumfrwD?
EkdifiHa&;tpD&ifcHpmukd wifoGif; wGif 7 ae&mukd jiif;y,fcahJ Mumif;
tcsut f vuf pkaqmif;a&;
onf/ ,ck useaf eaom 3 ae&mudk rnf
aumfrwD paom tpk;d &zGUJ «*sme,fausmftwG-J 2? trSw-f 6/ pm
onfhtzGJUi,frsm;okdY zwy 'D Z if b mv 10/ 15-12-45» uJo
h Ydk vufcrH nfenf;[k ajym
vtzGUJ 0ifrsm; 0ifvu dk 0if «oef;xGef;zufqpfuRefb0rS vGwf Mum;onf/
cGifhjyK&ef/ 1 'DZifbm 1945 Akv d cf sKyfatmif vyfa&;okdY/&efuke/f ae0if;MunfyEHk ydS /f [Burma Struggle Vol.I: P 568]
wkYd udk qk;H jzwfonf/ qef; ppfaoemywdtjzpf OD;pD;í 1946/ pm¿/ aemifu;dk um;vQif oef;
«jrefrmhtvif; 28-11-45» jynfolU&JabmftzGJU(Peoples’ Vol- xGef;zufqpfuRefb0[kñTef;rnf» 15 'DZifbm 1945 zqyvtzGUJ
«zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSwfwrf;(1945 unteer Organization) ukz d UJG pnf; csKyfukd,fpm;vS,rsm; jrefrmEkdifiH
-46) pm ¿ » wnfaxmifonf/ 13 'DZifbm 1945 ywyv tzGUJ bk&ifcHESifh awGUqkH&m zqyv
«jynfolU&JabmftzGJUcsKyf &nf&G,f csKyf trIaqmiftpnf;ta0;wGif uk,d pf m;vS,rf sm; bdvyfoYdk oGm;
27 Ekd0ifbm 1945 NAdwo d Q csufESifhvkyfief;pOf/ &efuek /f jynfoUl tzGUJ csKyf\ trnftwkad umufudk a&mufa&; pDpOfay;&ef wifjy&m
trSwf 12 wyfrMu;D \ acwå &JabmftzGUJ csKyf(jrefrmEkid if )H ykEH ydS /f ckEpS f zqyv[k ac:&eftwnfjyK qk;H jrefrmEkid if b
H &k ifcu
H c&D;pOfrsm; pD
tMuD;tuJ 'kw, d cf sKyfMuD; &D rod/ pm 2/ aemifu;dk um;vQifjynfolU jzwfonf/
d Akv pOfjyKvkyaf y;zkYd enf;vrf;xk;H wrf;
'AvsLqkid ;f (Lt- General Gearge &Jabmf&nf&G,fcsufESifhvkyfief;pOf [k «zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSww f rf;(1945- wuspmwpfapmifa&;om; ay;ykdU
W Symes) u uE´o D abmwlnD ñT ef;rnf » 46) pm 35-36 »
«jynfolU&Jabmf*sme,f? wGJ 1? trSwf &ef OD;babtm; rSmMum;onf/
csut f wkid ;f jrefrmjynfwyfrawmf 1/ 15 ar 1946/ pm 4-6» [Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 520-

zqyvtzGUJ csKyf Ouú|Akvd cf sKyf
opfwiG f rsK;d cspw
f yfrawmfrS wyf 573]
atmifqef;u jrefrmjynfow l Ydk «vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;pArmjynf(y) pm

2 4
 vGwfvyfa&;MudK;yrf;rI&ufpGJorkdif;
315» tpnf;ta0;rS t*FvefoYdk uk, d f oef;xGe;f tm; wm0efvt JT yfonf/ bk&ifcH qma':refprpfxH pmwpf
pm;vS,af pvTw&f ef yk*Kd¾ vf 7 OD; «zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSww f rf;(1945- apmifay;ykYdonf/ xkpd mwGif zqy
17 'DZifbm 1945 zqyvtzGJU a&G;&efoabmwl qkH;jzwfonf/ 46) pm 39-42» vuk, d pf m;vS,rf sm; t*FvefEidk if H
csKyfOuú|AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;u «zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSww f rf;(1945- oGm;a&;twGuf avaMumif;c&D;pD
tar&duef or®w x½l;rif;xH 46) pm 37-38» 28 'DZifbm 1945 zqyvA[kd pOfay;&efEiS hf c&D;pOf\ &nf&, G f
vufatmufcH Ekid if u H av;rsm;\ OD;pD;tzGJU\ vpOftpnf;ta0;yGJ csurf mS puúLjzLpDruH ed ;f tpm; zq
vGwfajrmufa&;udpöwGif tar&d 23 'DZifbm 1945 zqyvtzGUJ usif;yonf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif yvtzGJUcsKyf\pDrHudef;rsm;ukd jAd
uef or®w xkwjf yefaMunmcJh csKyfrS uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm;u jrefrmh em,u Akv d cf sKyaf tmifqef;u Ekid f wdoQtpk;d &ESihf ygvDrefEiS hf jAdwd
onfh tar&duefjynfaxmifpk ta&;udk bdvyfoYdkomG ;í ta&; iHa&;tajctaersm;udk &Sif;vif; oQ jynfow l Ydktm; wifjy&ef[í l
EkdifiHjcm;a&;0g't& OD;pD;acgif; qk&d eftwGuf &efyaHk iG 2 ode;f ukd ajymMum;jyD; wkid ;f jynfu zqyv yg&dSonf/
aqmifum aqmif&Gufay;yg&ef &yfuu G w f idk ;f tdrw f idk ;f aph vku d f uktd m;ay;aMumif;/ rdrw d Ydkuvnf; «aZ,smarmifpuúLjzLjyZmwf(ac:)jrefrmh
arwåm&yfcHonf/ aumufcrH nf[k aMunmonf/ wkdif;ol jynfom;rsm;tay: ,kH EkdifiHa&;tajcjy/('kw,d tMudr)f / &ef
«vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;pArmjynf(y) pm «jrefrmhtvif; 23-12-45» MunfjyD;jzpfí 'Dru dk a&pDenf;t& uke/f jynfawmfusuo f a&ykEH ydS /f 1978/
256» «vlx O
k ;
D vS ppf j yD ; pArmjynf ( y) pm at;csrf; om,maom enf;jzifh pm 204-205/ aemifu;dk um;vQif aZ
261» vGwv f yfa&;&atmif MudK;pm;rnf ,smarmifpuúLjzLjyZmwf[kñTef;rnf»
20 'DZifbm 1945 zqyv [Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 577-
jzpfaMumif;ajymMum;onf/twGi;f 578]
tvkyftrIaqmif tpnf;ta0; 26 'DZifbm 1945 zqyv trI a&;rSL;ocifoef;xGef;u taxG «jrefrmhtvif; 10-1-46»
wGif OD;bab? OD;ausmjf idr;f ? OD;ndK aqmiftzGUJ u jyefwrf;xkwjf yefí axGtpD&ifcHpmukd zwfMum;wif
xGe;f wkYd u jrefrmEkid if H bk&ifcEH iS hf zufqpf wku d zf suaf &; jynfoUl
oGi;f onf/ xkYdaemuf txufjref 29 'DZifbm 1945 zqyvtzGUJ
oGm;a&muf awGUqko H nft h aMumif; vGwfvyfa&;tzGJUcsKyftm; twkd rmjynfomG ;tzGUJ tpD&ifcpH m? armf csKyf A[kOd ;D pD;tzGUJ vpOf tpnf;
tpD&ifcpH m wifoiG ;f onf/ bk&if aumuftm;jzifh zqyv [kac: vNrdKifomG ;tzGUJ tpD&ifcpH m? Arm ta0; 'kw, d aeYudk zqyvXme
cHu t*FvefoYdk zqyvuk, d pf m; a0:ok;H pG&J ef aMunmonf/ rGwpf vifueG Uf z&ift h aMumif; tpD csKywf iG f usi;f yonf/ tpnf;
vS,f vTw&f efEiS yhf wfoufí jAdwd «jrefrmhtvif; 26-12-45» ta0;wGif t*FvefoYdk uk, d pf m;
«vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;pArmjynf(y) pm &ifcHpm? aiGESpfodef;aumufcHjcif;
oQtpkd;&u vG,fvG,fululESifh 263» tpD&ifcpH m? b@ma&;&Si;f wrf;ESihf vTwf&efudpt ö qkdukd aqG;aEG;Mu
oabmwlrnf rxifaMumif;/ c&D; 27 'DZifbm 1945 zqyvtzGUJ Ekid if v H ;Hk qkid &f m nDvmcHupd rö sm;ukd onf/ t*FvefomG ; uk, d pf m;vS,f
oGm;&ef oabFm av,OfysH tp&dS csKyftrIaqmiftpnf;ta0; usif; aqG;aEG; twnfjyKonf/ a&G;&eftwGuf EkdifiHvkH;qkdif&mnD
onfw h Ydk &&ef cJ,OS ;f aMumif;? ¤if; yjyD; jynfv;Hk uRwn f vD mcH udp&ö yf «jrefrmhtvif; 29-12-45» vmcHoYdk a&GUqkid ;f vku d jf yD; bdvyf
uk, d w f idk u f ruefYuu G v
f adk Mumif; rsm; aqG;aEG;onf/ xkYd aemufbd «vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;p Armjynf(y) pm oGm; uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm;twGuf
jAdwo d Qtpk;d &okYd tzGUJ csKyu f tcGihf vyfomG ;onft h cg aqmif&u G &f ef 265^270-2» pnf;rsO;f pDpOfa&;qG&J ef wm0ef
awmif;pmukd ay;vQif ¤if;uykYday; vkt d yfonfwYdkudk jyifqif&efocif
zqyvtzGJUcsKyf twGif;a&; ay;tyfonf/ xkdYaemuf ta&SU
rnfjzpfaMumif; ajymMum;onf/ rSL; ocifoef;xGe;f u jrefrmEkid if H wkid ;f nDvmcHobifupd u ö dk tvkyf
25
ausmfNidrf;
trIaqmiftzGUJ rS pDr&H ef qk;H jzwf
onf/
«vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;p Armjynf(y) pm
1 awmifyidk ;f r[mrdwf ppfaoem
269-270»
31 'DZifbm 1945 jrefrmEkid if H
bk&ifcH qma':refprpfu Oya'
jyKvw
T af wmftzGUJ 0if 34 OD;ukd a&G;
cs,fcefYtyfonf/
«jrefrmhtvif;tcsyfykd 1-1-46»
'DZifbm aemufqkH;tywf 1945
*syefacwf jrefrmEkid if t
H pk;d & t"d
9 u jrefrmhwyfrawmfaxmufyHha&; «vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;p Armjynf(y) pm
1 Zefe0g&D 1946 ta&SUtm&S xk;H pHenf;vrf;tm;jzifh jrefrmjynf
ywdcsKyf armifb h ufwefu aMu
bk&ifcrH S wpfqifh qufo,
omjzpfaMumif;? xkjd yif c&D;vrf;
G &f ef
nmcsut f rSwf 1 ukd xkwjf yefaMu yef;wm0efrmS vnf; rdrMd oZmr&db S J
nmí jAw d o d Q ppftyk cf sKyaf &; ½kwf bk&iht f pk;d &ESihf MoZmanmif;aom
odrf;aMumif;aMunmonf/ avaMumif;c&D; pDpOfa&;tzGJUwpf
[Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 579] ck&a Sd Mumif;? xkt d zGUJ uom aqmif
[Mountbatten’s Report, P 207] &Gua f y;Ekid í
f bk&ift h pk;d &ukd pkpH rf;
xm;vsuyf if &daS Mumif; ajyMum;

jrefrmhrsK;d cspwf yfrawmf 'kw, d
ppfaoemywd AkdvfrSL;MuD;vusfm onf/
tzGUJ csKyfrS vufc&H &do S nfh tvSL
289-291»

ywd a'gufwmbarmf wku d sKjd rdKUokYd &efyaHk iG pm&if;&Si;f wef;ukd xkwf

v,f,mpkdufysKd;a&;Xme 0ef
oGm;a&mufí NAdwo d QwyfzUJG rS Akv d f jyefonf/
«vlxk*sme,ftwG1J ? trSwf 12? 1-
MuD; OD;ykOuú|tjzpf aqmif&u G f
rSL;MuD;zpf*sufpf Colonel Figesse aom rJqE´ay;cGihf pkpH rf;a&;tzGUJ rS
1-46»
xH vufeufcsonf/ rJqE´ay;jcif;ESihf ywfoufí ajz
[Ba Maw Breakthrough in Bur-
ma. P 413 ] 2 Zefe0g&D 1946 jrefrmEkid if H Mum;&ef ar;cGe;f 10 ck xkwjf yeff
bk&ifcH qma':refprpfEiS hf owif; onf/
H nf/ xkYd oYdk
zqyvtzGJUcsKyfrS t*Fvef
4 pmq&mrsm; awGUqko
awGUqk&H mwGif bk&ifcu H jrefrm oGm; &efyaHk iG aumufcjH cif;ukd &ef
jynfwGif aqmif&Guf&ef jyKvkyf ukefwGif 1-1-46 &ufaeUwGif
xm;aom pDru H ed ;f rsm;ukd &Si;f jy vnf;aumif;? e,frsm;wGif 10-
onf/ xkYdaemuf zqyvtzGUJ csKyf 1-46 &ufaeYrpS í vk;H 0&yfqidk ;f
rS t*FvefoYdk uk, d pf m;vS,v f w T f vkud jf yDjzpfaMumif; aMunmonf/
a&;udpw ö iG f c&D;tpDtpOfü rdrd «jref rmhtvif; 2-1-46»
wm0efr,lEkdifjcif; taMumif;rSm
zqyv ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;onf 3 Zefe0g&D 1946 jynfoUl &Jabmf
jrefrmjynf\ vGwfvyfa&;udpö wyfzUJG pnf;½k;H a&;rSL;u jynfoUl &J
6 aqG;aEG;&efESifh urÇmod&efudprö Sm abmfwyfzUJG pnf;½k;H aMunmcsuf 1
ukd xkwjf yefonf/
2 6


&efuek Nf rdKU jynfvrf; trSwf
275 wGif jrefrmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m
qif;&Jom;0HomEktzGUJ csKyf tpnf;
ta0;usif;yonf/ tpnf;ta0;
wGif tvkyt f rIaqmif tzGuJ dk
Ouú| "m;rOD;bodrf;
'kw,d Ouú| OD;jr(aysmfbG,f)
taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;
OD;vSausmf B.A.B.L
twGif;a&;rSL;
Akdvfpkd;vGif (rdw¬Dvm)
OD;xGef;jrifh (xD;wef;)
b@ma&;rSL; OD;xGef;a&T wkYjd zifh
jyefvnf zGUJ pnf;onf/
«jrefrmhtvif; 3^4-1-46»
«oH a wmf q if h o wif ; pm 6-1-46
aemifu;dk um;vQif oHawmfqifh [kñeT ;f
rnf»
4 Zefe0g&D 1946 ukv d edk aD cwfO;D
jAdwdoQe,fcsJU qefUusifa&;a&;
acgif;aqmifwpfOD;jzpfol apm&ef
ykid f (acsmif;cGrif;om;) touf 80
ESpo f nf w½kwEf idk if H ,leefjynf
e,f ref&jSD rdKU? tifuif;&yf wGif
uG,fvGefonf/
«"r®½kyfpkHr*¾Zif;? 1996? 'DZifbm? pm
33»
5 Zefe0g&D 1946 *syefacwf
jrefrmtpk;d &tzGUJ 0if 0efMuD; AE¨Kv
vGwfvyfa&;MudK;yrf;rI&ufpGJorkdif;
OD;pdet
f if;pdeaf xmifrS vGwaf jrmuf xGucf iG jhf yKí ocifbx dk eG ;f ? ocif 15/ jynfolU&JabmftzGJU
onf/ cspf? OD;ode;f azwkYd tm; A[kOd ;D pD; 16/ jrefrmrGwfpviftzGJU
«vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;p Armjynf(y) pm tzGJU0iftjzpf vufcHonf/ xkdY 17/ jrefrmukefonfMuD;rsm;
289-291» aemuf zqyv Ekid if v H ;Hk qkid &f m nD toif;
vmcHoYdk uk, d pf m;vS,t f jzpf zdwf wkdYtjyif atmufygtzGJU
6 Zefe0g&D 1946 wkYd Armhtpnf; Mum;rnfyh *k Kd¾ vrf sm;ESihf tzGUJ tpnf; rsm;ukv
d nf; zdwMf um;&ef oabm
t½k;H tvkyt f rIaqmif tpnf;ta0; rsm;pm&if;ukd aqG;aEG;ndE§ idI ;f onf/ wlonf/
usi;f yonf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL; zdwMf um; 1/ rsKd;cspftzGJU
wkdYArmtpnf;t½kH;0if ocifav; onfh atmufyguk, d pf m;vS,rf sm; 2/ wkdYArmhtpnf;t½kH;
OD;jzpfaom ocifnD? ocifat;? xH ukd,fpm;vS,fzdwfMum;onf 3/ w½kwfujym;toif;
ocifvlxGef;? ocifausmfpdefwkdY ukd rSww f rf;wifonf/ 4/ jrefrmc&pf,eftoif;
Oya'jyK vTwaf wmf0ifjcif;udpu ö dk 1/ uGefjrLepfygwD «oHawmfqifh 13-1-46»
ta&;,l&ef aqG;aEG;onf/ 2/ qkd&S,fvpfygwD «zqyv tpnf;ta0;rSwfwrf; (19
«vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;p Armjynf(y) pm 45-46) pm 43-48»
300^308^331» 3/ qif;&Jom;0HomEkygwD
«jrefrmhtvif; 9-1-46» 4/ u&iftrsKd;om; A[kdtzGJU
csKyf 8 Zefe0g&D 1946 jAdwo d Qtpk;d &
u zqyv ukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJU
7 Zefe0g&D 1946 jrefrmjynf 5/ &ckdiftrsKd;om; tpnf;t½kH; t*FvefEkdifiH vma&mufaqG;aEG;
vGwv f yfa&; trsK;d orD; tpnf; 6/ tvkyform;or*¾ rnfu
h pd u
ö dk vufrcHaMumif; jyef
t½k;H \em,u a':rrcif jrefrm 7/ tvkyform;tpnf;t½kH; Mum;onf/
bk&ifcH\ Oya'jyK vTwfawmf 8/ awmifolv,form; [Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 584-
trwf&mxl;ukd vufcí H t,kH tpnf;t½kH;
587]
tMunfr&dSaMumif;qkH;jzwfonf/ 9/ awmifolv,form;or*¾
«SoHawmfqifh 12-1-46» 10/ jrefrmjynfvGwfvyfa&; 9 Zefe0g&D 1946 jrefrmEkid if H
trsKd;orD;tzGJUcsKyf bk&ifcH qma':refprpf\ twGi;f

zqyv tvkyt f rIaqmif 11/ jrefrmEkid if vH ;Hk qkid &f m trsK;d 0efrS zqyvtzGUJ csKyf taxGaxG
tpnf;ta0;usif;yí uGefjrLepf orD;vGwfvyfa&;tzGJUcsKyf twGif;a&;rSL;xH pmjyefMum;&m
ygwDXmecsKyrf S 4-1-46 &ufpEJG iS hf 12/ ausmif;q&mrsm;or*¾ wGif t*FvefoYdk zqyvuk, d pf m;
pmtrSwf Au 46 ukzd wfMum;jyD; 13/ ausmif;om;rsm;or*¾ vS,fapvTwfa&;ESifh ywfoufí
aemuf ocifjroGi?f ocifA[de;f 14/ jrefrmEkid if v H ;Hk qkid &f m vli,f jAdwdoQtpkd;&onf wpfoD;yk*v ¾
wkYdudk zqyv OD;pD;tzGUJ rS EIwf rsm;tpnf;t½kH; ygwDtzGJUtpnf;rsm;ESifh tpnf;
27
ausmfNidrf;
t½k;H rsm;rS apvTwaf om uk, kd pf m;
vS,frsm;udk vufrcHaMumif;ESifh
wkdif;a&;jynfa&;ESifh ywfoufí
ajymqkv d Qif bk&ifcrH w
S pfqifah jym
Mum;&rnf[k yg&do S nf/
«aZ,smarmifpuúLjzLjyZmwf pm 205-
207»
«acwfopfowif;pm14-1-46 aemif
uk;d um;vQif acwfopf [kñeT ;f rnf»

zqyvtzGUJ csKyf Ouú|Akv d cf sKyf
atmifqef;u tzGJUcsKyfukd,fpm;
vS,rf sm;ukd vufrcHEidk af Mumif; jAd
wdoQtpkd;&\ jyefMum;csufESifh
ywfoufí &Sif;vif;ajymMum;&m
wGif zqyv\xifjrifcsufrsm;
wifjy&ef tcGifhta&;ay;zkdUudpö
wGif jAdwo d Qtpk;d &u jiif;y,fvrd hf
rnf[k rarQmv f ifch ahJ Mumif;? zq
yv tzGUJ csKyfonf wkid ;f jynf\
ukd,fpm;vS,fjzpfonf/okdYr[kwf
wkdif;jynf ukd,fpm;vS,f tjzpf
tckid tf rmajymqkEd idk o
f nf [laom
tcsurf mS þudpEö iS rhf qkid af Mumif;?
zqyvonf oD;jcm; Ekid if aH &;yg
wD wpfcrk [kwaf Mumif;? jAdwo d Q
tpk;d &xH xifjrifcsurf sm; wifjy
vkdonfqkd&mü wifjycsufrsm;ukd
vufc&H rnf[k rqkv d adk Mumif;?
tzGJUcsKyfonf jrefrmvlxkMuD;\
uk,
d pf m;vS,f tppftrSef [kwf
2 8
r[kwf a&G;aumufyjJG zifh prf;oyf
Munfzh Ydkvadk o;aMumif;? tpk;d & jyef
Mum;a&;t&m&d\ S aMunmcsuEf iS hf
ywfoufí a&G;aumufyrJG sm;
bmaMumifh rusif;yao;oenf;/
zqyvu a&G;aumufyJG usi;f yzkUd
worwfwnf; awmif;qkcd ahJ Mumif;?
tpk;d &u a&G;aumfyu JG si;f yvkad om
qE´&ySd gu a&G;aumufyt JG pDtpOf
rsm;udk ajcmufvtwGi;f jyD;pD;
atmif jyKvkyEf idk af Mumif; ponf
jzifh ajymMum;onf/
«jrefrmhtvif; 11-1-46»
«vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;pArmjynf(y) pm
324-325»
11 Zefe0g&D 1946 &efuek pf &D ifpk
wkYdArmtpnf;t½k;H trIaqmif t
pnf;ta0;usi;f yí XmecsKyf wkYd
Armtpnf;t½k;H acgif;aqmifav;
OD; jzpfaom ocifn?D ocifat;?
ocifvx l eG ;f ? ocifausmpf ed f wkYd
tm; 1945 ck 'DZifbmv 2 &uf
aeYrS 5 &ufaeYtxd usi;f yaom
Ekid if v
H ;Hk qkid &f m wkYdArmtpnf;t½k;H
trIaqmif nDvmcHu owfrw
qk;H jzwfxm;aom &mxl;,la&;
pnf;rsO;f ukd azmfzsuu f m Oya'jyK
trwf&mxl;ukd vufcv H u
dk o f nfh
twGuw f YdkArmtpnf;t½k;H rS xkwf
ypf&ef awmif;qkad Mumif; qk;H jzwf
onf/ ocifukd,fawmfrIdif;onf av;aom wm0efMuD;rsm;&daS Mumif;
wkYd Arm tpnf;t½k;H rS EIwx f uG f xkw d m0efxrf;aqmif&mwGif jrefrm
onf/ jynfow l Ydk\ tultnD vkt d yf
«vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;pArmjynf(y) pm aMumif;/ zqyvtzGJUtwGufqkd
331» vQif vkyo f ifv
h yk x
f u
dk af om t&m
tm;vk;H jynfph aHk tmif aqmif&u G f
12 Zefe0g&D 1946 jrefrmEkdifiH &ef vkad o;aMumif;? ¤if;wkYdaqmif
tpk;d & jyefMum;a&;t&m&du S aMu &Gu&f efBuHpnfonf rBuHpnfonf
nmcsuw f pf&yfxw k jf yefonf/ xkd ukd apmifMh unf&h efom&daS Mumif; yg
aMunmcsufwGif bk&ifrif;jrwf &dSonf/
tpkd;&u zqyvtzGJUcsKyfukd,f «jrefrmhtvif; 12-1-46»
pm;vS,frsm;udk vufcHaqG;aEG;
rnfr[kw[ f k qk;H jzwfcsucf svu dk f 15 Zefe0g&D 1946 zqyvtzGUJ
aMumif;/ wkid ;f a&;jynfa&;ESiyhf wf csKyf taxGaxG twGif;a&;rSL;
oufí ajymqkv d v dk Qif bk&ifrif; ocifoef;xGe;f u jrefrmjynf
jrwftpkd;&okdY wkduf½kdufr[kwfbJ bk&ifc\ H twGi;f 0efxH pmwpf
bk&ifcH rif;MuD;rSwpfqifh jzpfoifh apmifay;ykYdonf/ xkpd mwGif zqy
aMumif;/ zqyvtzGUJ rdrw d YdktzGUJ v\ awmif;qkcd surf mS t*Fvef
uomvQif wkid ;f jynfu, dk pf m; EkdifiHoGm;&eftwGuf avaMumif;
qmif&u G Ef idk o
f l [lí tckid t f rm c&D;pDpOfay;&eff tultnDawmif;
ajymqkdcsufukd vGwfvyfaoma&G; jcif;om jzpfonf/ omreftcsed f
aumufyGJusif;yí ppfaq;&efvkd wGif rdrw d Ydk bmom aiGay;jyD;oGm;
ao;aMumif;/ zqyvu bk&ifcH Ekid af omfvnf; ,cktcg toGm;
rif;MuD;\ trIaqmifaumifpDESifh tvmrSeo f rQudk tpk;d &u csKyuf idk f
Oya'jyK vGwaf wmfwYdkwiG f yg0if xm;ojzifh tpk;d &udk tultnD
S f aqmif&u G jf cif; rjyKEkid o f nfrmS awmif;jcif;om jzpfaMumif;/ zq
tvGef0rf;enf;aMumif;/ xkdokdYyg yvonf Ekid if aH &;ygwD wpfck
0ifaqmif&Gufygu rdrdwkdYxifjrif r[kwb f J ygwDaygif;pkpH ak 0;&m nD
csurf sm;udk pnfurf;twkid ;f xkwf nGwaf &;wyfO;D jzpfaMumif; zq
azmfajymqkEd idk af Mumif;? jrefrmEkid if H yv nDvmcH rprD jrefrmEkid if H
jyefvnfxal xmifa&;twGuf MuD; bk&ifcHonf ukd,fpm;vS,f ap

vTwaf &;ukd jyefvnf pOf;pm;zkYd
bk&ifrif;jrwftpkd;&xH aMu;eef;
½ku
d af y;ykYd rnf[k arQmfvifah Mumif;
yg&dSonf/
«vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;pArmjynf(y) pm
333»
16 Zefe0g&D 1946 zqyvXme
csKyw
f iG f A[kOd ;D pD;tzGUJ tpnf;
ta0;usif;yonf/ tpnf;ta0;
wGif twGi;f a&;rSL;u Ekid if vH ;Hk qkid f
&m nDvmcHoYdk wifoiG ;f rnft h qkd
aygif; 400ausmu f dk zwfMum;jyo
onf/ xkt d qkrd sm;udk tacsmjyif
qif&efwm0efay;tyfonf/
«jrefrmhtvif; 17-1-46»

*syefacwfumvtwGi;f jrefrm
jynforl sm; &ufpufpmG n§i;f yrf;
cH&rI? twif;t"r®tvkycf idk ;f aprI?
tp&do S nfh *syefwYdk\ ppf&mZ0wf
rIrsm;ESihf pyfvsO;f í ykvyd Xf me(okYd)
ppfwyfoYdk wkid Mf um;Ekid af Mumif;
aMunmcsufxkwfjyefonf/
«jrefrmhtvif; 16-1-46»
«vlxOk ;D vS ppfjyD;pArmjynf(y) pm
332»
17 Zefe0g&D 1946 *syefEkdifiH
wku
d sK&d Sd jAdwo
d Qppfrpf&iS x
f H vuf
eufcJhonfh *syefacwfjrefrmtpkd;
vGwfvyfa&;MudK;yrf;rI&ufpGJorkdif;
& t"dywd a'gufwmbarmf tm; xk\ yl;aygif;aqmif&u G rf jI zifh jref 13/ ppfavsmaf Mu;
d QwyfzUJG rS Ä'kw,
jAdwo d Akv
d rf LS ;MuD; rmEkid if H vGwv f yfa&;ukd jidr;f csrf; 14/ pwD;vfoydwf
zpf*sufpu
f ar;jref;ppf csuf,l pGmESihf apmvQipf mG t&,lrnfjzpf 15/ vl0ifvx l uG f
onf/ aMumif;ajymMum;onf/ xkYd aemuf 16/ urÇmwGifjrefrmae&m&a&;
[Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 596- zqyvtwGi;f a&;rSL; ocifoef; 17/ jynfoUl &Jabmfta&;
663/ 946-649] xGe;f u zvyvtzGUJ csKyftpD&ifcH 18/ trsKd;om;nDnw G af &;
pmukd zwfMum;wifoiG ;f &m tpD&if [Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 617-
17 ESifh 23 Zefe0g&D 1946 zq 662]
cHpmwGif zqyvtzGJUcsKyfzGJUpnf; «oHawmfqifh 18^19^20^21^22^23
yvEkid if v H ;Hk qkid &f m nDvmcHobif yk?H zufqpf*syefrsm;udk awmfveS f ^24-1-46»
ukd &efuek Nf rdKU a&Tw*d aHk pwDawmf wkdufcdkufcJhykH? rsKd;cspfjrefrmhwyfr «'D;'kwf*sme,ftwG(J 19)? trSw(f 25)?
tv,fypö,HwGif usif;yonf/ awmftm; tNrJwrf; wyfrawmf 28-1-46? pm 8^9^15»
nDvmcHwiG f zqyv tzGUJ csKyf tjzpf zGJUpnf;a&;aqmif&GufykHESifh «'D;'kwf*sme,ftwG(J 19)? trSw(f 26)?
Ouú| Akv d cf sKyfatmifqef;u rdeUf zqyvtzGJUcsKyf\ aqmif&GufcJh 4-2-46? pm 16^17^31^37»
cGef;ajymMum;&mwGif tzGJUcsKyf\ «'D;'kwf*sme,ftwG(J 19)? trSw(f 27)?
rIrsm;yg0ifonfh nDvmcHtwGif; 11-2-46? pm 19^20»
&nfreS ;f csurf mS t&G,af &mufol 21-1-49 rS 12-1-46 txd
wkid ;f rJay;Ekid af om a&G;aumufyJG tqkd 17 ckukd wifoiG ;f qk;H jzwfchJ
jzihf wkid ;f jyKjynfjyKvGwaf wmf zGUJ 18 Zefe0g&D 1946 &Sr;f jynf
&m awmifyidk ;f e,fEpS cf jk zpfonfh usKid ;f
pnf;a&; jzpfaMumif;/ Mum;jzwf 1/ Ekid if wH uma&;&m
ummvtwGi;f trsK;d om;tpk;d &zGUJ wkEH iS hf rkid ;f yefe,frsm;udk NAdwo
d Q
2/ vk;H 0vGwv f yfa&; vufatmuf jyefvnf vTaJ jymif;
pnf;jyD; jrefrmjynfow l Ydk\ vuf 3/ t*FvefomG ;a&;udpö
0,fokdY tmPmvTJajymif;ay;a&; ay;tyfonf/
4/ rJqE´ay;ykid cf iG hf «½kdufwmaMu;eef;? &efuek ?f 18-
twGuf tpDtpOfrsm; jyKvkyaf &; 5/ jynfoUl vGwv f yfa&;
jzpfaMumif;/ þjrefrmjynfolwkdY 1-46»
6/ wkdif;&if;om;vlenf;pkta&;
\ vkv d m;csurf sm;ukd jAdwo d Qtpk;d 7/ z,fxm;aome,frsm;yl;aygif;
&xH awmif;qkrd nfjzpfaMumif;/ jAd 19 Zefe0g&D 1946 jrefrmEkid if H
a&;
wdoQtpk;d &u ray;u tMuyf bk&ifcHu AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifh
8/ pD;yGm;a&; ocifoef;xGef;wkdYukd zdwfac:í
ukdifrnfjzpfaMumif; trsKd;om;nD 9/ ynma&;
nGwfa&;ukd azmfaqmifaeonfh t*FvefoYdk ESpOf ;D wnf;oGm;vkv d Qif
10/ awmifov l ,form;ta&; pDpOfay;rnfjzpfaMumif;? ¤if;wkdY
tzGUJ csKyfMuD;wGif jynforl sm;0if 11/ tvkyo f rm;tcGit hf a&;
a&mufaqmif&u G &f efEiS hf jynfovl l ESpOf ;D wnf; oGm;Ekid jf cif; &drS &du
S dk
12/ oufomacsmifcsda&; bk&ifcu H ar;jref;onf/ Akv d cf sKyf

Ä vufeufcspOfu Akv
d rf LS ;MuD;[kazmfjy 29
xm;onf/
ausmfNidrf;
atmifqef;ESihf ocifoef;xGe;f wkYd c½kdifwkdYArmhtpnf;t½kH;wkdY twd 10/ ocifcspf (tzGUJ 0if) 29 Zefe0g&D 1946 OD;apmu
,if;udpo ö nf rdrdwkdYESpfOD;wnf; tvif;uGjJ yD jzpfaMumif; aMunm 11/ OD;b*srf; (tzGUJ 0if) owif;pmq&mrsm; tpnf;ta0;
qk;H jzwfí r&Ekid af Mumif; tzGUJ csKyf onf/ 12/ 'D;'kwfOD;bcsKd (tzGJU0if) usif;yonf/
trIaqmiftzGUJ okYd wifjyjyD; trI «jrefrmhtvif; 23-1-46» 13/ ocifjrÄ (tzGUJ 0if) «jrefrmhtvif; 31-1-46»
aqmiftzGJU\ qkH;jzwfcsufukd 14/ a'gufwmquf (tzGUJ 0if)
vku d ef mrnf jzpfaMumif; ajzMum; 22 Zefe0g&D 1946wkdYArmtpnf; «oHawmfqifh 25-1-46» 30 Zefe0g&D 1946 jrefrmEkid if H
onf/ t½kH;XmecsKyf tvkyftrIaqmif «jrefrmhtvif; 25-1-46» bk&ifcH qma':refprpfu trI
«aZ,smarmifpuúLjzLjyZmwf pm 211» tpnf;ta0; usi;f yjyD; ocifA aqmifaumifpD (0efMuD;tzGUJ ) ü
«jrefrmhtvif; 20-1-46» aomif;tm; XmecsKyrf S xkwyf ,fí 26 Zefe0g&D 1946 jynfoUl &J ocifxGef;tkyftm; trsKd;om;pDrH
&efuek cf ½kid f wkYdArmtpnf;t½k;u H dk abmfwyfzUJG zGUJ pnf;tkycf sKyfyHk Oya' ude;f Xme Planning Department
20 Zefe0g&D 1946 &efuek cf ½kid f jyefvnfzUJG pnf;&ef qk;H jzwfonf/ ukd twnfjyKonf/ wGif cefYtyfonf/
wkYdArm tpnf;t½k;H tvkyt f rI «oHawmfqifh 22-1-46» «jynfolU&Jabmf zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfykH Oy [Burma Struggle Vol.I: P XLV]
aqmiftzGJU tpnf;ta0;usif;y «[Hom0wDowif;pm 23-1-46» a' pm 23»
onf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif Oya'jyK
jrefrmEki
d if H bk&ifcu
H OD;apm
trwfvufco H nfh ocif 4 OD;ukd 24 Zefe0g&D 1946 zqyv 27 Zefe0g&D 1946 'kw, d urÇm tm; ac:,lawGUqkH aqG;aEG;onf/
tpnf;t½k;H rS xkwyf pf&ef wkYAd rmh A[kOd ;D pD;tzGUJ tpnf;ta0;usi;f y ppftwGi;f ,l*ef'gEkid if w
H iG f 4 ESpf [Burma Struggle Vol.I: P
tpnf;t½k;H XmecsKyfoYdk awmif;qkd í tvkyt f rIaqmifrsm;udk atmuf ausmf tus,cf sKyfaecJ&h aom OD; XLVIII]
&m XmecsKyuf ocif 4 OD;\rsuf ygtwkdif; a&G;aumufwifajr§muf apm jrefrmEkid if H jyefvnfa&muf&Sd
ESmudak xmufaeonft h wGuXf mecsKyf onf/ onf/ 31 Zefe0g&D 1946 &Sr;f jynf&Sd
ESithf quftoG,jf zwfaMumif; qk;H 1/ AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef; «jrefrmhtvif; 29-1-46» p0fzrsm; tpnf;ta0;ukd rkdif;
Ouú| «wkd;wufa&;*sme,f 2-2-46 pm 26» ukdifNrdKUwGif usif;yonf/
jzwfí &efuek cf ½kid f wkYdArmtpnf; «ta&SUwkdif;vpOfw(JG 1)? trSw(f 4)? az
t½kH;ukd 2/ ocifoef;xGef; «OD;tkef;az yifvkHppfwrf;/ &efuek /f
azmf0g&D? 1946»
Ouú| ocifAaomif; twGif;a&;rSL; py,fOD;ykHESdyf/ 1984/ pm 301-8/
«ta&SUwkdif;vpOf wGJ(1)? trSwf(5)?
3/ OD ; wif aemifu;dk um; OD;tke;f az yifv,fppf
'kOuú| ocifatmifAv rwf? 1946»
wrf; [knTef;rnf»
taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; aiGxdef;
ocifyef;NrdKif 4/ OD;bab(tzGJU0if) 28 Zefe0g&D 1946 jrefrmEkid if H
ponfwkdYjzihf jyefvnfzGJU 5/ OD;jr - [oFmw (tzGUJ 0if) Oya'jyKaumifpD Ouú|tjzpf OD;
azaz:0g&Dv
pnf;onf/ 6/ OD;jr - aysmb f ,
G f (tzGUJ 0if) cspfvIdiftm; cefYtyfonf/
«oHawmfqifh 22-1-46» 7/ ref;bckid f (tzGUJ 0if) [Civil List for Burma Vol.I:
21 Zefe0g&D 1946 wkYAd rm 8/ OD;atmifZHa0 (tzGJU0if) 1946 ,P 2] 1 azaz:0g&D 1946 ocifxeG ;f
tpnf;t½kH;XmecsKyfESifh &efukef 9/ OD;ausmfjidrf; (tzGJU0if) tkyf bk&ifcH\trIaqmifaumifpD
3 0
Ä *syefacwf jrefrmtpk;d &tzGUJ 0if0efMuD;
 vGwfvyfa&;MudK;yrf;rI&ufpGJorkdif;
0if (0efMuD;) &mxl;ukd vufcH &rnf[k ajzMum;onf/ yrf;aqmif&u
G cf rhJ t
I wGuf *kPjf yKyGJ ESifh jrefrmjynfqkd&S,fvpfygwDyl;
onf/ «*sme,fausmf wGJ 3/ trSwf 2/ 9- usif;yonf/ aygif;onf/
«ta&SUwkdif;vpOf wGJ 1/ trSwf 4/ 2-46 pm 15» «odef;azjrifhppftwGif;c&D;onf pm «*sme,fausmf wGJ 3? trSwf 3? 16-
1946? azaz:0g&D/ wGJ 1/ trSwf 5/ 406-408» 2-46 pm 5»
1946? rwf/ pm 49» 4 ESifh 6 azaz:0g&D 1946 &ef
ukejf rdKU atmufMunfjh rifwidk v f rf; 7 azaz:0g&D 1946 zqyv 16 azaz:0g&D 1946 zqyv
2 azaz:0g&D 1946 rsKd;cspftzGJU trSwf 528 wGif u&ifA[kt d zGUJ tzGUJ csKyfu ukvor*¾oYdk aMu; tvkyt f rIaqmiftzGUJ tpnf;ta0;
tvkyftrIaqmif tpnf;ta0;ü csKyf\ aqmfMorIjzifh jrefrmEkid if H eef;½kud uf m ukvor*¾EiS hf ta&SU usi;f yí qk;H jzwfcsurf sm; csrw S f
rsK;d csp0f efMuD; 3 OD; bk&ifct
H vkyf vk;H qkid &f m u&iftrsK;d om; uk, d f wkdif;aumfr&SifwGif zqyvukd,f onf/ qk;H jzwfcsufrmS
trIaqmifaumifprD S Ekwx f u G cf idk ;f pm;vS,rf sm;\ tpnf;ta0;usi;f pm;vS,rf sm; yg0ifciG jhf yK&efawmif; 1/ jynfolU tmPm*sme,fwGif
vQif xGuyf grnf[al om uwdudk yonf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif u&if qkdonf/ ocifp;dk u OD;bab tay:
rSwfwrf;wifonf/ trsK;d om;wkYd\ zGUH jzdK;a&; vkjH cHKa&; «ol&d, 19-2-46» a&;om;csurf sm;ESihf ywfouf
«ol&d,owif;pm 31-1-46» twGuf jrefrmEkdifiHtkyfcsKyf&;qkdif «wkd;wufa&;*sme,f trSwf 3^16- í ocifp;dk tm; uGejf rLepfyg
&m wk;d wufrrI sm;ukd t[efYtwm; 2-46 pm 3» wDrSwpfqihf &Sif;vif;ap&ef/
4 azaz:0g&D 1946 jAdwo d Q yg rjzpfapbJ oD;jcm;u&ifjynfe,f 2/ rsKd;cspftzGJUESifh qif;&Jom;0H
vDrefwiG f avbmtrwf '½kid f &&daS &;twGuf jAdwo 12 azaz:0g&D 1946 u&ifjynf
d Qtpk;d u omEktzGJU0ifjzpfolrsm;ukd
bwfu zqyv uk, d pf m;vS,f aqmif&u G af y;&ef awmif;qko e,f tNrJwef;aumfrwD tpnf;
d nfh (u)tzGUJ 0if oabm0ifjcif;
t*FvefEkdifiH vma&mufa&;udpö qk;H jzwfcsuu f dk csrwS of nf/ xkd ta0;usif;yjyD; weoFm&Dwkdif;ukd avm/
tjrefaqmif&Guf ay;Ekdifray;Ekdif jyif u&ifjynfe,f tNrJwrf;aumf u&ifrsm;twGuf oD;oefYjynfe,f (c) yk*K¾d vo
f abm 0ifjcif;
ar;jref;&m jrefrmESit hf Ed ,
d´ qkid &f m rwD Karen State Standing Com- tjzpfowfrSwfa&; xkdjynfe,f avm[k twdtus ar;
twGi;f 0efuav; rpöwm [ef'g mittee ukd zGUJ pnf;onf/
twGuf jrefrmjynfr&&daS om zGUJ &ef/
qifu jAdwo d Qtpk;d &onf rnf [Note on Various Karen Asso- pnf; tkycf sKyyf Hk tajccHOya' (u)tzGUJ 0ifoabm 0ifygu
onfwpfoD;yk*v ¾ ukd,fpm;vS,f ciation P 3] atmuf redrahf om Oya'rsK;d oufqidk &f mtzGUJ onf zq
ukrd Q vufcjH cif; rjyKEkid af Mumif;? awmif;qkad &;twGuf qpf'eDvel ?D yv qk;H jzwfcsuf 0g'
okYdaomf zqyvuk, d pf m;vS,Ef pS f 6 azaz:0g&D 1946 &efukefNrdKU apmbk;d cspEf iS hf apmbOD;MuD;wkYdtm; pnf;urf;twkid ;f vku d f
OD; uk,d af &;uk, d w
f mudpjö zifh vm qef;uaz;wGif ocifE?k 'D;'kwOf ;D t*FvefapvTw&f ef qk;H jzwfonf/ em&rnf/ rvku d ef mvQif
vkvd Qif toGm;tvm tqifajy bcsKd? OD;wif(jrefrmhtvif;)? *sm [Note on Various Karen Asso- ta&;,lrnf/
onfESifhwpfjydKifeuf oabFmjzifh e,fausmf OD;cspaf rmif tygt0if ciation P 3] (c) yk*Kd¾ vof abm 0ifvQif
vmEkid &f ef pDpOfay;rnfjzpfaMumif; yk*Kd¾ vw
f pfpu
k OD;ode;f az (ode;f az oufqidk &f mtzGUJ ESihf zq
þtcGifhta&;rsKd;ukd tjcm;ygwD jrif)h tm; tdE, H mG ;a&mufí azaz:0g&D(vv,f)1946 qif;
d´ Ekid if o yvrS Ekwx f u G &f rnf/
rsm;u awmif;qkv d Qiv f nf; ay; jrefrmhvGwfvyfa&;twGuf MudK; &Jom;tusK;d aqmiftzGUJ azvd,ef þudpöESifh ywfoufí
31
ausmfNidrf;
oufqkdif&m yk*d¾Kvfrsm;
onf zqyvtzGUJ Ouú|
xHoYdk 16-3-46 aeYwiG f
twdtus tpD&ifc&H
rnf/
3/ (u) tzGUJ csKyEf iS hf rqufo, G f
&ao;aom tjcm;rnfonfh
EkdifiHa&;tzGJUrqkd zqyvokdY
qufoG,fygu zqyvu
tzGJU0iftjzpf vufcHrnf/
(c) zqyvnDvmcHrS ODpD;
tzGUJ twGuw f oD;yk*v¾ tjzpf
a&G;cs,x f m;olrsm;onf ygwD
wpfcck o k Ydk 0ifa&mufomG ;vQif
OD;pD;tzGUJ rS vnf;aumif; qkid f
&mtzGUJ rS vnf;aumif; Ekwf
xGuf&rnf/
4/ vlrsKd;rsm;? vlrsKd;a&;tzGJUrsm;
ESihf ywfoufí ¤if;twkid ;f
vkdufem&rnf/
«oHawmfqifh 19-2-46»
«zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSww f rf;(1945-
46) pm 66»
19 azaz:0g&D 1946 rsKd;cspftzGJU
acgif;aqmif Od;D apmu rsK;d cspt
f zGUJ
awmif;qkcd surf sm;udk jAdwod Qtpk;d
&xH ay;ykYd onf/
«jrefrmhtvif; 27-9-46»
3 2
20 azaz:0g&D 1946 zqyv vyfa&;&rnf[k txiftjrifrSm; ausmjf idr;f u pkaqmif;ay;&ef/ zuf
tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU tpnf; &dcS v hJ Qif r&daS p&ef aqmif&u G &f ef qpf awmfveS af &;wGif vlxEk iS hf
ta0; usi;f yonf/ t*FvefomG ; oabmwlonf/ awmfveS af &; jzpfonfh twkid ;f
&ef zqyv uk, d pf m;vS,f tzGUJ 2/ &ckid af cgif;aqmifrsm; zdwMf um; trsm;qk;H jzpfonfh awmifov l ,f
0ifrsm;tjzpf csuft& &ckdifjynfokdY AkdvfcsKyf orm;rsm;ukd xkdaeYtxdrf;trSwf
(1) OD;bab atmifqef;? [oFmwOD;jr? OD; yGw
J iG f yg0ifap&ef/ nDvmcHobif
(2) ocifoef;xGe;f atmifZaH 0wkYd rwfv yxrywf wGif csrw S cf ahJ om awmifov l ,f
(3) ocifjr wGif oGm;a&muf&ef/ &Srf;jynfrS orm;ta&; qk;H jzwfcsuu f dk xkYdaeY
(4) OD;cspaf rmif (*sme,fausm)f ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;u zdwfMum; wGif xyfrcH srw S &f ef/ pm;eyf&u d m©
(5) jrefatmifO;D wif (twGi;f a&; csut f wkid ;f &Srjf ynfoYdk ocifEEk iS hf acgif;yg;a&; umuG,f&eftwGuf
rSL;) OD;b*srf;oGm;a&muf&ef/ aemifESpf v,f,mpkdufysKd;a&;
wkYdtm; a&G;cs,o f nf/ t*FvefEidk f 3/ rwfv 27 &ufudk awmfveS f twGuv f nf; v,form;xktm;
iHomG ; jrefrm uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm; a&;aeYtjzpfjzifh todtrSwjf yKjyD; xkdYaeYwGif EId;aqmf&ef/
tjzpf yk*Kd¾vf 5 OD;ukd &mxm;jy;D jzpf vQif awmfveS af &;txdr;f trSwyf JG txufyg awmfvSefa&;
aMumif;? t*FvefoGm;&eftwGuf wpfwkdif;wpfjynfvkH;wGif usif;y txdr;f trSwaf eYEiS hf ywfoufí
av,mOfysH pDpOfay;&ef t*Fvef &ef/ zufqpfawmfvSefa&;onf tzGUJ csKyfrS e,ftzGUJ cGrJ sm;okYd ñTef
oGm;a&;udpEö iS hf ywfoufí 14 jrefrmEkdifiHvGwfvyfa&; twGuf Mum;csufxkwf&ef/ &efukefwGif
&uftwGi;f taMumif;jyefMum;&ef jzpfojzifh nDvmcHwgif qk;H jzwf usi;f ya&;twGuf A[kt d zGUJ csKyfEiS hf
t*FvefomG ;rnfh &ufuv dk nf; cJah om vGwv f yfa&; qk;H jzwfcsuf &efukeftzGJUcsKyfyl;aygif;í aqmif
rwfvukex f uf aemufrusap&ef ukd xkYd aeUwGif vlxt k pnf;f ta0; &Guf&ef/
wkYd udk taMumif;Mum;&ef qk;H jzwf rsm;jzifh &Si;f vif;&ef xyfrq H ;Hk jzwf «oHawmfqifh 20-2-46 pm 68-70»
onf/ csufrsm;csrSwf&ef/ zufqpfawmf «*sme,fausmf 23-2-46»
t*FvefomG ;&onfh &nf vSeaf &;onf rw&m;aom pepf «zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSwfwrf;(1945-
46) pm 2»
&G,cf surf mS jrefrmjynf ta&;udpö ukd awmfveS jf cif;jzpfojzihf jrefrm
ukd t*FvefEiS u hf rÇmu odap&ef/ Ekid if w H iG f ,cktcg zufqpfqef &efuek Nf rdKU uk,
d rhf if;uk, d chf sif;


jrefrmEkid if H vGwv f yfa&; twGuf qef usiMhf uHaeonfwYdkudk xkYd aeU vrf; vli,ftpnf;t½k;H wGif zq
ulnv D o dk rl sm;ESihf tquftoG,f wGif wkid ;f jynfEiS t hf 0Se;f uefUuGuf yvtzGUJ csKyf Ouú| Akv d cf sKyaf tmif
&ap&efom jzpfaMumif; oabmwl a&;qk;H jzwfcsufrsm;ukd xkYad eUwGif qef;u owif;pmq&mrsm;ESifh
qkH;jzpfonf/ xyfrcH srw S &f ef vkt d yfonfth csuf awGUqkí
H urÇmtajctae jrefrm
bdvyfoGm;½kHrQESifh vGwf tvufrsm;udk 14 &uftwGi;f OD; jynfwGif;a&; tajctaersm;udk
 vGwfvyfa&;MudK;yrf;rI&ufpGJorkdif;
&Sif;vif;ajymMum;onf/ csufrmS Ekid if vH w G vf yfa&;udk OD; v t*FvefomG ;vQif AuyrS uk, d f «*sme,fausmf wGJ 3? trSwf 5? 2-3-
«oHawmfqifh 22-1-46» wnfí wku d yf 0JG ifí trsK;d orD;epf pm;vS,f rxnf&h efEiS hf zqyv 46? pm 14»
emcsufrsm;ESifh vkdvm;csufrsm;udk vnf;roGm;&ef uGejf rLepfygwDu «zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSww f rf;(1945-
22 azaz:0g&DESifhrwf 11 1946 ta&;qkd&efjzpfonf/ 46) pm 39-42»
zqyvokYd taMumif;Mum;onf/
ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD A.u.y «oHawmfqifh 26-2-46» «jynfolUtmPm wGJ 1? trSwf 25?
A[kad umfrwDtpnf;ta0; usi;f y «wuúov dk Mf unfrm jrefrmtrsKd;orD; 16 rwf 1946 pm 4-5»
zqyvtzGJUcsKyf tvkyftrI
onf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif ocifp;dk avmu/ ¿ ykEH ydS /f ¿ ckEpS /f pm 59- aqmiftpnf;ta0; usi;f yonf/
u ba&muf0g'tygt0if uGejf rL 60» azaz:0g&DaemufqkH;ywf 1946 tpnf;ta0;wGif t*FvefomG ;a&;
epfygwD\ trSm;rsm;ukd a0zef 'l0gaZm&pf OD;pD;í ucsiv
f il ,f c&D;pDpOf&mü a&aMumif;c&D;jzifh vl

rsKd;cspftzGUJ acgif;aqmif *VKef 2 OD;om oGm;vmcGi&hf &drS nf[k od
ajymMum;onf/ tpnf;ta0;usif;yonf/
«ArmhjynfuGefjrLepfygwD (A.u.y) OD;apmonf jrefrmEkdifiHbk&ifcH «r&rfabmufvm qrm;'l;0gqif0g; &aMumif;? awmif;qko d nfh 5 OD;
A[kdaumfrwD aMunmcsuf jynfolU a':refprpfEi S hf oGm;a&mufawGUqkH aemif pm 217» tpm; 2 OD;om &onft h wGuf
tmPm wG1J ? trSwf 24? 9 rwf 1946» jyD; jrefrmEkid if aH &; tajctae? rsK;d tvkyfwGifus,fp&m r&dSaMumif;/
«atmifxeG ;f ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD cspfygwDtaMumif;rsm; ajymMum; azaz:0g&DaemufqkH;ywf 1946 avaMumif;c&D;tpm; a&aMumif;
A[kdaumfrwDtpnf;ta0; jynfolU onf/ xdkYaemuf bk&ifcHtm; jrefrmjynfvkH;qkdif&m u&iftrsKd; c&D;jzifh oGm;&rnfjzpfí c&D;MuefY
tmPm wGJ 1? trSwf 25? 16 rwf oxkw H iG f ocifatmifqef; &mol om; uGe*f &uf usi;f yonf/ uGef MumrnfjzpfaMumif;? xkYd jyif rnf
1947»
MuD; wpfO;D tm; owfrI tb,f *&uf tpnf;ta0;wGif u&if onftcgwGif oGm;&rnf[k wdwd
aMumifh ta&;r,loenf;[k ar; trsKd;om;tpnf;t½k;H Karen Na- ususrodjcif;wkdYaMumifh tqkdyg
23 azaz:0g&D 1946 jrefrmEkdifiH
jref;onf/ tional Associaton ukd pwif wnf c&D;pOfudpöukd qufvufaqmif
vk;H qkid &f m trsK;d orD; vGwv f yf [Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 660-
axmifonf/ &Gujf cif; rjyKawmh&ef qk;H jzwf
a&;tzGJUcsKyf tpnf;ta0;usif;y 662] «o&momxkd u&ifESifhEkdifiHa&; pm 11 onf/
onf/ tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUukd - 12» «zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSww
f rf;(1945-
jyefvnfzGJUpnf;&m Ouú|a':cif 25 azaz:0g&D 1946 OD;ykOuú| 46) pm 72»
Munf? twGif;a&;rSL;rsm;tjzpf tjzpfaqmif&Gufaom rJqE´ay; rwf v
a':cifMunfMunfEiS hf rpöaratmif cGihf pkpH rf;a&;tzGUJ \ tpD&ifcpH m 4 rwf 1946 Akv d cf sKyfatmifqef;
wkYd udk wifajr§mufonf/ þtrl ukd wifoiG ;f onf/ 1 rwf 1946 jrefrmEkid if b H &k ifcH &ckid w
f pfciG f c&D;pOf pwifonf/
aqmiftzGUJ onf rlv jrefrmEkid if H [Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 662- a':refprpfu zqyvukd,fpm; Akv
d cf sKyf ESit hf wl [oFmwOD;jr?
vk;H qkid &f m trsK;d orD; vGwv f yf 664 ] vS,t f zGUJ t*FvefEidk if H oGm;a&; ocifjr? OD;atmifZaH 0? Akv d af tmif
a&;tzGJUcsKyfrS cGJxGufjyD; jrefrm ESihf pyfvsO;f í av,mOfysjH zifh r rif;? Akv d xf eG ;f vS (pma&;q&m
Ekid if v
H ;Hk qkid &f m trsKd;orD; uGe*f 26 azaz:0g&D 1946 AuyA[kd [kwb f J oabFmjzifh pDpOfay;rnf wuúov dk af e0if;) ESihf Akv d v
f S
&ufjzpfvonf/ tzGUJ \ &nf&, G f aumfrwDtpnf;ta0;wGif zqy [k taMumif;Mum;onf/ MunfwYdk yg0ifonf/

33
ausmfNidrf;
«oHawmfqihf wGJ 3? trSwf 5? 2-3-
46? pm 14»
7 rwf 1946 jAdwdoQtpkd;&
jrefrmEkid if v H ;Hk qkid &f m twGi;f 0efu
jrefrmEkdifiHbk&ifcHxH *syefacwf
u ocifxGef;tkyfa&;om;onfh
]uREkyf pf eG Ypf m;cef;} pmtkyw
wdoQ ppfoyHk ef; 11 OD;tm; owf
jzpf&ef trdeYfxw k o
f nf[k yg&dS
aMumif; ocifxeG ;f tkyt f m; trI
aqmifaumifprD S z,f&mS ;&ef oH
MudK;½kdufonf/
[Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 620]

zqyvtwGi;f a&;rSL; ocif
oef;xGef;u zqyvukd,fpm;
vS,rf sm; t*FvefomG ;a&;udpw ö iG f
jrefrmEkdifiH bk&ifcHu ukd,fpm;
vS,f 5 OD;tpm; 2 OD;omay;jcif;
aMumifhvnf;aumif;? av,mOfysH
jzifhoGm;vma&;tpm; oabFmjzifh
om pDpOfay;jcif;aMumifh vnf;
aumif; zqyv uk, d pf m;vS,f
t*Fvef oGm;a&;ukd qufvuf
aqmif&u G af wmhrnf r[kwf
aMumif; aMunmcsux f w
k jf yefonf/
«aZ,smarmifpuúLjzLjyZmwf pm 211-
212»
3 4
9 rwf 1946 ArmjynfuGefjrLepf 5/ OD;b'if(csyfoif;)-&efukef 13 rwf 1946 ocifp;dk u uGejf rL
ygwDudk wnfaxmifolwpfOD;jzpf 6/ ocifu, dk af wmfridI ;f epfygwD (jrefrmjynf) XmecsKyfü
ol ocifp;dk onf ygwDA[kad umfr 7/ OD;pHvaS bmf -rEÅav; owif;pm &Sif;vif;yGJ usif;yí
wDEiS hf trIaqmiftzGUJ wGif ocif 8/ OD;rif;tk-d &efuek f uGefjrLepfygwD tuGJtjyJrsm;ukd
oef;? OD;ode;f azwkYdEiS hf oabmuGJ 9/ OD;aomf(orkdif;)-tif;pdef xkwaf zmfajymqkod nf/ uGejf rLepf
vGo
J jzifh ¤if;\ tazmfwpfpEk iS hf 10/ OD;p-&efuek f ygwDrS ocifp;dk tygt0if 7 OD;
twl uGejf rLepfygwDrS Ekwx f u
G f 11/ OD;xGef;MudKif-&efukef/ xGufonf/ uGefjrLepfygwDwGif
onf/ «ol&d, 10-3-46» 19 OD;usef&pfco
hJ nf/
f iG f jAd «oHawmfqihf 10-3-46» «oHawmfqihf 14-3-46»
11 rwf 1946 ArmjynfuGefjrL «ol&d, 14-3-46»
10 rwf 1946 Armjynf uGejf rL epfygwD A[kad umfrwD tpnf;t
epfygwD twGi;f a&;rSL; OD;ode;f az a0; usif;yjyD;pD;onf/ 14 rwf 1946 jrefrmjynfueG jf rL
u ygwDrS Ekwx f u f mG ;Muaom «jynfolUtmPm wGJ 1? trSwf 25? epfygwDu jrefrmjynfueG jf rLepfyg
G o
ocifp;dk ? ocifwifjr tp&daS om 16-3-46» wDXmecsKyfü ocifpkd; *kdPf;cGJ
vli,fwpfpkonf *kPf;cGJaxmif axmifrEI iS hf pyfvsO;f í owif;pm
&ef MudK;pm;aeMujzifh ygwDA[kd 12 rwf 1946 ocifp;dk u ]]wkid ;f &Sif;vif;yGJ jyKvkyfonf/
aumfrwDrS tjyD;xkwfypfvkdufjyD jynfoYdk ocifp;dk jyefMum;csuf pm «oHawmfqifh 16-3-46»
jzpfaMumif; aMunmonf/ wrf;}} wpf&yfxw k jf yefum uGejf rL
«oHawmfqihf 12-3-46» epfygwD (Armjynf) trnfjzifh 18 rwf 1946 jynfoUl vGwv f yf
ypönf;rJhygwDwpf&yf wnfaxmif a&; (qk&d , S vf pf) ygwD taxGaxG

blwpfygwDu ]jrefrmjynft aMumif; aMunmonf/ ¤if;pm twGi;f a&;rSL; OD;AaqGu uGejf rL
b,foYdk ajcvSr;f rnfenf;} aMu wrf;wGif A[kad umfrwDü aphpyfr& epfygwD ESpjf crf;uGjJ cif;rSm tacsmif
nmcsufxkwfjyefonf/ ygwD0if Muí uGejf rLepfygwDrS EIwx f u
G f orm;*kdPf;ESifh t,lonf;*kdPf;
11 OD;&díS blwpfygwD[k ac:jcif; &aMumif; ygwDopf xlaxmif& Akv d v f í k uGjJ cif;jzpfaMumif; o
jzpfjyD; xko
d rl sm;rSm aMumif; yg&do S nf/ ygwDXmecsKyf abmxm; wpf&yf xkwjf yefonf/
1/ OD;vSb;l -&efuek f rSm trSwf 11 r*Fvmvrf; prf; «jynfoUl vGwv f yfa&;(qk&d ,
S v
f pf) ygwD
2/ OD;bkd;aAsmh-&efukef acsmif;jrdKUe,fwiG f jzpfonf/ (o Xmecs Kyf pmtrS w f q.v.& (') 214/
aeUpGJ 18-3-46»
3/ OD;bodef;(a&Taygufyif)-&ef cifp;dk \ygwDudk aemiftcg tvHeD
ukef uGefjrLepfygwD [kac:a0:cJhMu
onf) 20 rwf ESifh 28 rwf 1946 vJ
4/ OD;xGef;oef;-&efukef
«oHawmfqifh 12-3-46» csm;jrdKUe,f yifvjHk rdKUwGif &Sr;f apmf

bGm;rsm; ES;D aESmzvS,yf JG usif;y
onf/ xkt d pnf;ta0;okYd zqy
v tzGJUcsKyf ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;
tjzpf ocifE?k OD;b*sr;f ? ref;b
cdik ?f rsKd;cspfygwDacgif;aqmif OD;
apm wkYdwufa&mufonf/ tpnf;
ta0;wGif (- - - - ) ukd zGUJ pnf;
&efqkH;jzwfonf/ tpnf;ta0;
usi;f ypOftwGi;f 28-3-46 wGif
&Sr;f jrefrm ,Ofaus;rItoif;ukzd UJG
pnf;onf/ Ouú|rSm anmifa&Tapmf
bGm; pyfa&Tou dk jf zpfí twGi;f a&;
rSL;rSm OD;apmjzpfonf/
«ol&d, 4-4-46»
«jrefrmhtvif; 4-4-46»
«OD;tke;f az yifvkHppfwrf; pm 310-
335^350^512»
[Burma Struggle Vol.I: P XLVIII
PP 710-711 / 719 ]
21 rwf 1946 jrefrmEkid if H bk&if
cH\ Oya'jyKtzGYJ tpnf;ta0;
wGif 0efMuD;ocifxeG ;f tkyuf Akvd f
csKyfatmifqef; vlowfru I sL;vGef
aMumif; ajymMum;onf/
«ol&, d 8-4-64»
24 rwfv 1946 Akv d cf sKyfatmif
qef;ESifhtzGJU &ckdifa'oc&D;pOfrS
27 rwf 1946 zufqpfawmfveS f
jyefvnfa&muf&dSonf/
a&; yxrtMudrf ESpyf wfvnf
vGwfvyfa&;MudK;yrf;rI&ufpGJorkdif;
«oHawmfqifh 26-3-46» txdr;f trSwf tcrf;tem; usi;f 3 {jyD 1946 *syefppfw&m;cH 13
yonf/ tcrf;tem;wGif Akv d cf sKyf a,mufteuf Akv d Mf uD; qumrm
25 rwfv 1946 jrefrmEkid if H atmifqef;u awmfveS af &;aeY rdeYf ud ukpd pfaq;onf/ ukvm;uke;f
bk&ifcu H jAdwo d Qtpk;d & jrefrmEkid f cGef;ajymMum;onf/ &GmwGif tdraf jc 130? vlO;D a& 700
iH twGi;f 0efxH 24-3-46 u a&; «ol&, d 28-3-46» &daS Mumif; &Gmom;rsm;onf r[m
onfhpmwGif Oya'jyKvTwfawmf rdwf avxD;ppfom;rsm;tm; ulnD
tpnf;ta0;ü ocifxeG ;f tkyaf jym
jrefrmEkid if H bk&ifcH pHtrd af wmf aeonf[k xifjrifaMumif; Akv d f
Mum;onfh 1942 ckEpS u f ocif ü usi;f yaom tpnf;ta0;wGif rSL; tdcsu d m0 xHrS &Gmom;rsm;ukd
atmifqef; vlowfrIusL;vGef&m Akv d cf sKyf atmifqef;tm; *syef owfjzwfí rD;½I&d ef trdeUf &í 8
wGif rsujf rifoufao jzpfaMumif; acwfu &GmolMuD;wpfO;D owfrI Zlvidk f 1945 wGif trdeYftwkikd ;f
xkwfazmfcJhonf[k yg&dSonf/ usL;vGefonfhtwGuf zrf;qD;&ef aqmif&u G cf ahJ Mumif; wGuqf dk
aqG;aEG;onf/ onf/
26 rwf 1946 &efuek jf rdKUokYd [Burma Struggle Vol.I: P703-6] «jrefrmhtvif; 4-4-46»
a&muf&v Sd monfh tdE, d´ trsK;d
om; acgif;aqmif ae½l; (Jawa- 28 rwf 1946 jrefrmEkid if b H &k ifcH
*syefacwf *syefEkdifiHqkdif&m
harlal Nehru)ESifh AkdvfcsKyfatmif qma':refprpfu AkdvfcsKyfatmif jrefrm oHtrwfMuD; a'gufwm
qef;wkdY awGUqkHaqG;aEG;onf/ odrf;armiftm; jrefrmEkdifiHokdYjyef
qef;tm; zrf;vQif jrefrmEkid if w H
0Srf;qlylvIyf&Sm;vmEdkifí AkdvfcsKyf ykYd&ef ql*grkad xmifrS ac:xkwo
f mG ;

zqyv tzGUJ csKyf tvkyt f rI atmifqef;tm; zrf;qD;rnfhudpö onf/
aqmiftpnf;ta0;wGif uGejf rL ukd oabmrwlaMumif; qk;H jzwf «ol&d, 5-4-46»
epfygwDrS ay;pmt& ocifp;dk tm; onf/
A[kOd ;D pD;tzGUJ 0iftjzpfrS ½kwo f rd ;f [Burma Struggle Vol.I: P 712]
*sme,fausmf OD;cspaf rmif uG,f
í OD;ode;f aztm; zqyvA[kd OD; {jyD v vGefonf/
«*sme,fausmf wGJ 3? trSwf 10? 6-
pD;tzGJU0iftjzpf wifajr§mufjcif;
4-46? pm 7»
ukd vufco H nf/ 1 {jyD 1946 ukvm;uke;f &Gm tpk
«zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSww f rf;(1945- vku d t f jyHKvu
dk f owfjzwfrI eHygwf
46) pm 77-78» 5 {jyD 1946 jAdwo d QygvDref
1 w&m;cH tdcsu d m0tm; ppfaq; atmufvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;
onf/ wGif jrefrmEkid if EH iS hf tdE,d´ Ekid if q
H idk f
«ol&d, 2-4-46» &m vufaxmuftwGi;f 0ef rpöwm
[if'gqifu jrefrmEkdifiHbk&ifcH
35
ausmfNidrf;
tm; yk'rf 139 t& tmPmay; (c) jyD;vQif zqyvtzGJUcsKyfokdY
10 {jyD 1946 rGejf ynfe,f armf «ol&d, 29-4-46»
xm;onfrmS 9-4-46 wGif ouf yg0if&ef/ vjrdKifjrdKUe,f ukvm;ukef;&GmrS «*sme,fausmf wG4J ? trSw2f ? 4-5-46?
wrf; ukerf nfjzpfaMumif;? jrefrm (*) tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUwpfck a,mufsm;? rde;f rESihf uav; pkpk pm 10»
Ekid if H bk&ifc\ H tcGit hf mPmouf zGJUpnf;&ef aygif; 637 OD;tm; tpkvu dk t
f jyHK
wrf;wk;d ay;oifah Mumif;? jrefrmEkid f tMuHay;&m OD;apmu þ
vkduf owfjzwfrIusL;vGef&mwGif
wkYdArmtpnf;t½k;H udk jyefvnf
iHwiG f a&G;aumufyu JG si;f yum wm udprö sm;ukd pOf;pm;aeMumif; jyef
yg&dSonfh *syefppf&mZ0wfaumif zGJUpnf;onf/
«ol&d, 21-4-46»
0efct H pk;d & wufonftxd tkyf Mum;onf/ 7 OD;ukd MudK;'Pf? axmif'Pf
csKyfciG jhf yK&ef tqkw
d ifoiG ;f &m jAd «zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSww
f rf;(1945- toD;oD; csrSwo f nf/
46) 6-4-46 pm 82» «ol&d, 26-4-64»
23 {jyD 1946 tif;pdefc½kdif0efu
wdoQygvDref atmufvw T af wmfrS
umuG,af &;Oya'yk'rf 58 (1)
jrefrmEkdifiHbk&ifcH\ tcGifhta&;
rsm; aMunmcsurf sm;ukd ouf [Hom0wDowif;pmü Akv

d cf sKyf 16 {jyD 1964 ocifp;dk \uGejf rL t& ppfa&;oabmouf0ifonfh
wrf; wk;d jr§iahf y;&ef twnfjyK atmifqef;u ]]uREkfyfvdyfjymrSm epfygwD (jrefrmjynf) rS zqyv avhusichf ef;rsm; vIy&f mS ;rIrsm;ukd
onf/ tNrJoefY&iS ;f vsu}f } aqmif;yg;a&; d 0f ifa&muf wm;jrpfonfh trdefYwpf&yfukd
tzGUJ csKyfoYdk ygwDtvku
«a&SUaqmif 8-4-46» um jrefrmhvw G v
f yfa&;wyfrawmf vkdaMumif; pmay;ykdYonf/ xkwfjyefonf/
[Burma : The Struggle for in-
«vuf½kH;*sme,f 18-4-46» jrefrmEkdifiHtwGif; csDwufvmpOf «[Hom0wD 18-4-64 ESihf 19-4-64» dependence (1944-48) Vol .I Ed-
u &GmolMu;D wpfO;D tm; owf ited by Huge Tinker, London Her
Majesty Stationery Office 1983.P

ocifApdef puFmylrS jrefrmEki d if H onfu h pd Eö iS hf pyfvsOf;í &Si;f vif; 19 {jyD 1964 wkYdArmtpnf; 515: hereafter Cited as Burma
jyefvnfa&muf&dSonf/ onf/ t½k;H XmecsKyf tpnf;ta0;usif;y Struggle Vol II]
[Speech By Bogyoke Aung Sun] [Tartabin Ineident Enquring
«[Hom0wDowif;pm 7-4-46 aemif onf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif ocifA Committee’s Reports P 2]
uk;d um;vQif [Hom0wD [k ñTe;f rnf» [Burma Struggle Vol.I: P 725- pde?f ocifxeG ;f tkyw f Ydktm; tvkyf
727 ]
«ol&d, 7-4-46» trIaqmiftjzpf cefYtyf&ef o
ucsirf aemyGu
J pd Eö iS hf ywfouf
abmwlonf/
6 {jyD 1946 zqyv tvkyt f rI 8 {jyD 1946 oJjzLuke;f &Gm &Gmol «[Hom0wD tcsyyf dk (u) 23-4-46» íAkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;u jyefMum;
aqmiftpnf;ta0; usi;f yonf/ MuD; tAÁ'&l m&SpZf \ f ZeD; rtrm csufwpf&yf xkwfjyefonff/
tpnf;ta0;wGif ocifEu k OD; (vufrw S x f ;dk &mwGif Ma May [k
21 {jyD 1946 jrefrmEkid if vH ;Hk qkid f
«ol&d, 24-4-46»
apmESihf ywfoufí aqG;aEG;onf xk;d onf)u ¤if;a,mufsm;towf &m qif;&Jom;0HomEk tzGJUcsKyf
ukd tpD&ifc&H mwGif ocifEu k OD; cH&rIudk jrefrmEkid if H bk&ifc\ H 25 {jyD 1946 zqyvtzGUJ csKyf
apmtm; aumifpD twGi;f a&;rSL;xH vdyw f yf tpnf;ta0;usif;yí tvkyftrI wGif AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;u o
aqmiftzGJUukd jyefvnfzGJUpnf;&m wif;pm q&mrsm;tm; tpnf;
(u) tpd;k & 0efMuD;tzGUJ rS rsKd;cspf í wkid Mf um;onf/ Ouú| OD;b0if; (0wfvaHk wmf&)
tzGJU0ifrsm;ukd EIwfxGufap [Burma Struggle Vol.I: P 728] 'kwd,Ouú| "m;rOD;bodrf; ta0; usi;f yonf/
&ef/ «jrefrmhtvif; 26-4-46»
wkdYjzpfvmMuonf/ «ol&d, 26-4-46»
3 6

«[Hom0wD 26-4-46»

Akv
d cf sKyfatmifqef;u rsK;d cspf
tzGUJ rSm ,ckwidk f zqyvESiahf ygif;
&ef pum;urf;vSr;f jcif; r&daS o;
aMumif; ajymMum;onf/
«*sme,fausmf wGJ 4? trSwf 2? 4-5-
46 pm 12»
25 {jyDEiS hf 27 {jyD 1946 awmif
iljrdKUwGif u&ifvx l wk Ydk\ vkv
d m;
csurf sm;udk wifoiG ;f awmif;qkd
twnfjyKcJhMuonf/
[Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 740-
742 / 849-885]
27 {jyD 1946 rsK;d cspt
f zGUJ Ouú|
OD;jr([oFmw)onf rsKd;cspftzGJU
Ouú|tjzpfrS vnf;aumif;? zq
yv tvkyftrIaqmif tjzpfrS
vnf;aumif; EIwfxGufaMumif;
aMunmonf/
«ol&d, 28-4-46»

jynfoUl &Jabmf wyfzUJG rS &efyaHk iG
tjzpf Akv
d cf sKyfatmifqef; "mwfyHk
rsm;ukd a&mif;csonf/
«jrefrmhtvif; 27-4-46»
28 {jyD 1946 zqyv tvkyf
trIaqmif tpnf;ta0;usif;yí
OD;jr([oFmw)\ EIwx f u G pf mukd
pOf;pm;onf/ OD;jru
(u) rdro d nf ruse;f rmojzifh
vnf;aumif;? tcsed f ray;Ekid f
ojzifh vnf;aumif;? tvkyt f rI
aqmiftzGUJ rS EIwx f uG jf cif; jzpf
onf/
(c) OD;pD;tzGUJ wGif qufvufaeyg
rnf/
(*) rsKd;cspftzGUJ Ouú|taeESirhf l
vk;H vk;H xGujf cif;jzpfaMumif; &Si;f jy
onf/ zqyvtvkyftrIaqmif
tzGUJ OD;jr ([oFmw)\xGupf mukd
vufcHonf/
«zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSww f rf;(1945-
46) 28-4-64 pm 88»

taysmwf rf; jynfoUl &Jabmfwyf
zGJUESifh ywfoufí aMunmcsuf
xkwfjyefonf/ xkdaMunmcsuf
wGif taysmw f rf; jynfoUl &Jabmf
wyfzUJG 0ifrsm;onf/ ,cktcg ppf
a&;jyjcif;? avhusifhjcif;rsm;
jyKvkyfaeMu&m ½kd;½kd;'&drf;jyjcif;?
ukd,fvuf usef;rma&;twGuf
'&drf;jyjcif;rsm;ukd ruefYuGuf
aomfvnf; ppftwwfEiS hf ywf
oufí oifMum;jcif;? avhusihf
jcif;ukdrl jrefrmjynfumuG,fa&;
Oya' 38 t& wm;jrpfxm;
vGwfvyfa&;MudK;yrf;rI&ufpGJorkdif;
aMumif; rvku d ef mygu w&m;Oy rwfvtxd tar&duefavwyf
a't& ta&;,lrnf[k yg&do S nf/ om;rsm;ESihf ppfom;rsm;tm; ppf
«ol&d, 28-4-46» ok;H yef;tjzpf zrf;qD;xm;í n§O;f
yrf; ESyd pf ufojzifh okyH ef; 11
29 {jyD 1946 wkdusKdppfckH;½kH;rS a,muf aoqk;H rIEiS hf ywfoufí
*syefeef;&if;0ef wk*d sKEd iS hf tjcm;ppf uifaywkdifaxmifwm0efcH
w&m;cH 27 OD;wkYdtay: tjynf Akv d Mf uD; uif*edk *g[m&m
jynfqidk &f m Oya'ESihf pmcsKyfrsm; 'kw, d Akv d f rqmtk,d u kd u
dk m
udk azmufzsuv f suf rw&m;ouf aq;q&m0ef uerJ&mrmquD
ouf ppfrufwu dk cf u
kd jf cif;? ppf wyfMuyf rqDreD 'D g
wkud &f ef pDrjH cif;? tpkvu dk tf NyHK wkYd tm; ppfaq;onf/
vkud f vlowfrrI sm;ukd usL;vGef «ol&d, 4-5-46»
jcif;ESihf vlUavmuESihf qefYusif
onfh ajrmufrsm;vSaom &mZ0wf 4 ar 1946 jrefrmEkid if H bk&ifcH
rIrsm; usL;vGejf cif; trIrsm;jzifh pGJ qma':refprpfu owif;pm
csuw f ifonf/ xkw d &m;cHrsm;wGif tpnf;ta0;wpf&yf usif;yí
jrefrmEkid if \
H aemufq;Hk ppfaoem owif;a&;om;rIrsm;ukd qifjcif
ywd uDr&l m yg0ifonf/ &efEiS hf jynfoUl &JabmfwyfzUJG ppf
«ol&d, 1-5-46» a&;avhusiahf erIrsm;ukd a0zefajym
Mum;jyD; jynfoUl &JabmfwyfzUJG wnf
30 {jyD 1946 Akv d cf sKyfatmif &dSaerIukd rvkdvm;tyfaMumif;
qef; u,m;jynfe,f rdwq f uf ajymMum;onf/
tzGUJ 0ifrsm;ESihf twlwí JG "wfyHk «oHawmfqifh 7-5-46»
½kdufonf/
«jrefrmhtvif; 4-1-52»
5 ar 1946 rsK;d cspyf gwDueG zf &ifh
usi;f y&m uGezf &ifw h iG f OD;apmu
arv bk&ifcH\tvkyftrIaqmifaumif
pDESifh Oya'jyKvGwfawmftwGif;rS
3 ar 1946 &efuek jf rdKUawmfcrf;r rsK;d cspyf gwD0ifrsm; xGu&f ef trdeYf
wGif &efuek jf rdKU ykvyd u f ifaywkid f ay;onf/ 1935 jrefrmEkid if H pD&if
axmifü 1943 {jyDvrS 1945 tkycf sKyfrI tufOya't& tmPm
37
ausmfNidrf;
rsm;&dSaom tpkd;&tzGJUrsKd;wGifom tzGUJ rSwpfyg; ppfa&;ravhusi&hf ef jynfolU&JabmfwyfzGJUESifh pyfvsOf; 3/ or0g,r
rsK;d csptf zGUJ 0ifrsm; yg0ifaqmif&u G f armif;xkí aMunmonf/ onfhudprö sm; aqG;aEG;onf/ 4/ &dum© jyóem
&rnf[k jy|mef;csuf csrw S o f nf/ «xef;wyifaoewfypfrI 'kwd, tpD «*sme,fausmf wGJ 4? trSwf 4? 18- 5/ 1946-47 ckEpS f pku d yf sK;d a&;
«ol&d, 6-5-46» &ifcHpm pm 1/ aemif u ;
d k um;vQif xef; 5-46 pm 13» 6/ u&ifejD ynfta&;
«jrefrmhtvif; 27-9-46» wyifaoewfypfrI('k) [kñeT ;f rnf» 7/ jrefrmEkid if t H m; tykid ;f tykid ;f

jrefrmEki d if bH &k ifcH qma':ref tpdwpf w d f jyKvkyaf &;
8 ar 1946 jAdwo d Qtpk;d &u 9 ar 1946 jrefrmEkdifiHtpkd;& prpfu jAdwo d Q0efMuD;csKyf uvd 8/ jrefrmjynfumuG,af &;
jrefrmEkid if b H &k ifcH qma':refprpf onf umuG,af &;yk'rf 58(1)ukd riftufwvDxH t*FvefEkdifiHvm «oHawmfqifh 17^18^19^20^21^22^
\ tkycf sKyaf &;oufwrf; 5 ESpf xkwjf yefum tif;pde?f [Hom0wD? a&mufí jrefrmEkdifiHa&;wkdifyif 23^24-5-46»
jynfo h mG ;onfudk aemufxyfouf &efuek ?f yJc;l ? om,m0wD c½kid rf sm; aqG;aEG;vkad Mumif; pma&;om; «zqyvtzGJUcsKyf'kwd,tMudrfajrmuf
wrf; wpfEpS x f yfrH wk;d jr§iahf y; wGif ppfa&;oabmouf0ifonfh onf/ A[k d O D ; pD ; tzG J Y \qk H ; jzwf c suf / &ef
onf/ avhusirhf rI sm; rvky&f [k wm;jrpf [Burma Struggle Vol.I: P 782] uke/f zqyvykEH ydS /f 1946»
[Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 749-
«wkdYatmifajrpmapmif? twGJ 1? trSwf onf/ 793]
38? ¿ykEH ydS ?f ¿jrdKU? 1945/ 25-10-45 «jynfolU&Jabmf*sme,f twGJ 1? trSwf 14 ar 1946 zqyv tzGUJ csKyf
aemif u k d ; um;vQif wk d Y atmif a jr 11/ 24-7-46 pm 9» u ]]rsKd;cspftzGUJ okYd acsycsuf}} ukd 17 ar 1946 anmifa&TapmfbmG ;
[kñTef;rnf»
owif;pmtoD;oD;okdY xkwfjyef pyfa&Tokdufu &Srf;e,f&Sifrsm;

jrefrmEki d if v
H ;Hk qkid &f m awmifol onf/

jynfolU&JabmfwyfzGJU aoem v,form;tpnf;t½k;H (Awvp) aumifpzD UJG pnf;a&;ESihf ywfoufí
ywd Akv d cf sKyaf tmifqef;u jrefrm \ yÍörtMudraf jrmuf nDvmcHudk aMunmcsuf wpf&yf xkwfjyef
14 arESifh 17 ar 1946 jrefrm onf/
EkdifiHbk&ifcH qma':refprpf\ [oFmjrdKUwGif usif;yonf/
Ekid if H vuf0w J yfO;D wnfaxmif «OD;tke;f az yifvkHppfwrf; pm 336-
jynfolU&JabmfwyfzGJUESifh pyfvsOff; «ocifjr\Oa,smZOf? 0d"&l AkdvfcsKyf
onf/ 342»
í ajymMum;csuu f dk jyefvnfacsy atmifqef; o0PfvTm#Dum &efukef? «jrefrmhtvif; 19-5-46»
onf/ xkjd yif jynfoUl &Jabmfwyf 1946»
18 ar 1946 eHeuf 10 em&D
zGUJ zGUJ pnf;&jcif; &nf&, G cf surf sm;
ukd azmfjyonf/ 11 ar 1946 jynfoUl &JabmfXme 16 arESihf 23 ar 1946 zqyv tcsed f tif;pdecf ½kid f xef;wyifjrdKU
tzGJUcsKyf A[kdOD;pD;tzGJU 'kwd, ü awmifov l ,form;rsm;? v,ff
«*sme,fausmf wGJ 4? trSwf 4? 18- csKyfrS ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;jzpfaom
5-46 pm 9-12» AkdvfxGef;vif;(taxGaxGXmerSL;) tMudrfajrmuf tpnf;ta0;rS olrrsm;ESifh jynfolU&Jabmf tif
AkdvfvSat;(Oya'XmerSL;) Akdvf atmufyg qk;H jzwfcsuf 8 &yfudk tm; 1000 ausmcf efYonf um
8 arESihf 9 ar 1946 xef;wyif atmifrif; (pnf;½kH;a&;rSL;) wkdY csrSwfonf/ uG,af &;Oya'yk'rf 56 ESihf 58
jrdKUolMuD;u tpkd;&todtrSwfjyK onf jynfxaJ &;0efMuD; qmay: 1/ vGwv f yfa&;wku d yf JG t& jynfoUl &Jabmfrsm;tm; zrf;
xm;aom rD;owfEiS hf umuG,af &; xGef;ESifh oGm;a&mufawGUqkHum 2/ rJqE´ay;ykid cf iG hf qD;aejcif;ukd uefYuu G of nft h ae

3 8

jzifh pnf;urf;ao0yfpGm pDwef;
vSnv hf nfvmpOf xef;wyif&XJ me
tkyf OD;armifuav;\trdefYjzifh
ypfcwfESdrfESif;onf/
[Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 515-
518]
«jrefrmhtvif; tcsyyf dk 21-5-46»
«ol&d, 20-5-46»
19 ar 1946 zqyvtzGUJ csKyu
xef;wyif aoewfypfrIESifh pyf
vsO;f í pkpH rf;&ef OD;ausmjf ird ;f ? Akv d f
atmifrif;? ocifwifEiS hf Akv
oef;wkYd udk xef;wyifNrdKUokYd ap
vTwfonf/
«*sme,fausmf twGJ 4? trSwf 5? 25-
5-46 pm 10»
20 ar 1946 zqyvtzGUJ csKyu f zqyvtzGJUcsKyf\ xef;wyif
xef;wyifjrdKUokYd apvTwo f nfh pkH
prf;a&;tzGJU &efukefjrdKUokdY jyef
vnfa&muf&v Sd mjyD; xef;wyif
aoewfypfrEI iS hf ywfoufí tpD
&ifcHonf/
«*sme,fausmf twGJ 4? trSwf 5? 25-
5-46 pm 10»

zqyvtzGUJ csKyf A[kOd ;D pD;tzGUJ
'kwd,tMudrf tpnf;ta0;wGif
xef;wyif aoewfypfrIESifhywf
oufí jAdwdoQe,fcsJUorm;\
vGwfvyfa&;MudK;yrf;rI&ufpGJorkdif;
tjyKtrludk jyif;xefpmG ½Iwcf s rSm &mZ0wfrIESdyfuGyfa&;twGuf qkid &f mt&m&du S dk ta&;,l&efrjzpf
aMumif;ESihf jAdwo d Q tpk;d &xH omjzpfaMumif; azmfjyonf/ Ekid af Mumif;? ajymif;a&TU&ef pOf;pm;
awmif;qkcd suf 7 csuu f dk awmif; «jrefrmhtvif; 23-5-46» rnfjzpfaMumif;? jynfoUl &Jabmft
qkad Mumif; xkwjf yefaMunmonf/ zGJU0iftm;vkH;ukd vTwfay;Ekdif&ef
«*sme,fausmf twGJ 4? trSwf 5? 25-
zqyvtzGUJ csKyf A[kOd ;D pD; MudK;pm;rnfjzpfaMumif;? wkid ;f jynf
5-46 pm 11» tpnf;ta0;wGif AkdvfcsKyfatmif MuD; rD;ravmifrD rdrEd iS Ahf v dk cf sKyf
qef;u xef;wyifaoewfypfrI atmifqef;wkYd yl;aygif;aqmif&u G f
20 ar 1946 Akv d cf sKyaf tmifqef; onf vGwv f yfa&; wku d yf MJG uD; &ef bk&ifcH\tvkyftrIaqmif
OD;babESihf ocifjrwkYd jrefrmEkid f tajctaeokdY a&mufvmvdrfhrnf aumifp(D 0efMuD;tzGUJ ) okYd zqyv
f iH bk&ifcH qma':refprpfxH oGm; jzpfaMumif;? wkdufyGJ0if&efvnf; yg0ifapvkad Mumif;? rdrüd &daS om
a&mufawGUqkHí jynfolU&Jabmf tqifoifjh zpfaejyD jzpfaMumif; tcGit hf mPm vTaJ jymif;ay;&ef
wyfzUJG ,leaD zmif;0wfí ppfa&; wkid ;f jynftajctaeukd axmufí toif&h aSd Mumif;? jAdwo d Qtpk;d &okYd
d jf rifh avhusifrh rI sm;ukd wm;jrpfaom jidr;f csrf;pGm aqmif&u G o
f mG ;rnf taMumif;Mum;xm;aMumif;? zq
trdefYESifh ywfoufí aqG;aEG; jzpfaMumif; ajymMum;onf/ yvtzGJUcsKyftaeESifh tvkyftrI
onf/ «zqyvA[kOd ;D pD;tpnf;ta0;rSww f rf;
aqmifaumifpDwGif yg0ifjyD;ygu
«jrefrmhtvif; 21-5-46» 22 ar 1946 » t*FvefoYdk uk, d pf m;vS,t f zGUJ ap
«jrefrmhtvif; 23-5-46»
vGwaf &;ukd xyfrH MudK;pm;Ekid f
22 ar 1946 jrefrmEkid if t H pk;d &u aMumif; ajymMum;onf/ Akv d cf sKyf
23 ar 1946 zqyvtzGUJ csKyf
'kwd,tMudrfajrmuf OD;pD;tzGJU atmifqef;u bk&ifcH ajymMum;
aoewfypfrIESifh ywfoufonfh onfhudprö sm;udk zqyvtzGJUcsKyf
awmif;qkdcsufrsm;ukd jyefMum; tpnf;ta0;rS zqyvtzGJUcsKyf
zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfykH tajccHOya'ukd trIaqmiftzGJUokdY wifjyrnfjzpf
onf/ jyefMum;csuw f iG f ykvyd u f dk aMumif; jyefvnfajymMum;onf/
,cktxd ta&;r,lEkdifao; twnfjyKonf/
«zqyvtzGJUcsKyf zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfykH «zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSww f rf;(1945-
aMumif;? yJc;l rif;MuD; rpöwm bpf 46) 24-5-46 pm 94»
tajccHOya'? &efuek /f zqyv tzGUJ
zkYd (William R. Bickford)? ocif csKyf/ 1946»
jr? OD;xGe;f wkYdyg0ifaom pkpH rf;a&;
*syefacwfjrefrmtpk;d & *syef
aumfrwDwpfck zGUJ pnf;&ef? pkpH rf;
jrefrmEkid if b
H &k ifcH qma':ref EkdifiHqkdif&m jrefrmoHtrwfMuD;
a&;aumfrwDqkH; jzwfcsuft& prpfESifh AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;wkdY a'gufwmodrf;armiftm; r[m
ta&;,loifhu,l&ef? pkHprf;ppf awGUqkH aqG;aEG;&mwGif bk&ifcu H rdww f Ydk u *syefEidk if rH S jrefrmEkid if H
aq;jyD;rS avQmaf Mu; ay;oifu h xef;wyifaoewfypfrw I iG f ouf okYd ac:aqmifvm&m vrf;c&D;wGif
ay;&efEiS hf xef;wyif&Sd ppfwyfrsm;
39
ausmfNidrf;
tzsm;a&m*gjzifh uG,fvGefoGm; ajymjyonf/ bk&ifcu H &GmolMuD; jzifh t&rf;rJh ypfcwfonfu h pd /ö 27 ar 1946 jrefrmEkid if b
H &k ifcH
onfhtwGuf a&csoN*ØK[fonf/ owfrEI iS hf ywfoufí ar;jref;&m c/ t&yf&yfwiG f jynfoUl &Jabmf qma':refprpf 0rf;ukdufa&m*g
«[Hom0wD tcsyfy(dk u) 29-5-46» Akv d cf sKyfatmifqef;u jrefrmhvw G f rsm;ukd zrf;qD;jcif;? ESyd uf yG cf sKyf ( Amoebic Sysentery )jzpf y G m ;
vyfa&;wyfrawmf oxkHc½kdif? cs,fjcif;udpö/ onf/

&efukefNrdKU jrefrmtrsKd;orD; aygifjrdKUe,f oJjzLacsmif;&GmokdY */ jrefrmjynft&yf&yfwiG f trsm; [Mourice Collis Last and First
toif;MuD;u trSwf 113 [,f a&muf&dSpOf &Gmol&Gmom;rsm;u in Burma 1941-48 , London,
jynfolwkdY\ vGwfvyfrI tcGifh Faber & Faber Limited 1956 P
vfyifvrf; (,cktvkv H rf;) trsK;d ¤if;wkYd &mG olMuD;u ¤if;wkYd tm; zd ta&;rsm;ukd csKyfcs,fjcif;? vlxk 280: hereafter cited as Collis Last
orD;u,fq,fa&;XmeokYd owif; ESyd t f yk cf sKyfaMumif; xkt d rIudk ppf ukd jiif;yef;jcif;udprö sm;udk &Si;f jy and First in Burma, ]
pmq&mrsm;tm; zdwMf um;í &Si;f aq;í ao'Pfcsrw S cf ahJ Mumif; xkd &ef/
vif;onf/ xk&d iS ;f vif;yGüJ Ouú| aemuf ¤if;uk, d wf idk f olMuD;ukd pD vkyif ef;pOf 'kw,d tqifh 29 ar 1946 tvHeu D eG jf rLepf
a':a':pk;d tusK;d aqmif a':rrwkYd &ifcJhaMumif; ajymjyonf/ rSm 25-5-46 xef;wyifqE´jyyGJ acgif;aqmif ocifp;dk tm; 28 ar
u toif;MuD;onf trsKd;orD; [Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 811- wGif usq;Hk oGm;aom v,form; 1946 u w&m;r0iftpnf;ta0;
u,fq,fa&;Xme zGifhvSpfjyD;cJh 814 ] rsm;\ psmyetcrf;tem;ukd txl; usif;yonfhtwGuf awGUonfhae
aMumif;? qif;&Jom;&yfuGufwkdY pnfum;aom vlxktiftm;jyyGJ &mwGif zrf;qD;&ef 0&rf;xkwjf yef
wGif txnftvdyrf sm;toift h wifh 25 ar 1946 'kwd,tMudrf jzpfomG ;atmif tif;pdef pD&ifpt k eD; onf/
a0iScJhaMumif;? ESif;qDukef;vltkd½kH ajrmuf zqyv A[kOd ;D pD;tzGUJ wpf0kdufrS romykdYvkdufMu&ef/ [Burma Struggle Vol.I: P 817]
twGuf *sirf cgem jrif;yGrJ S aiG tpnf;ta0;u tif;pdefpD&ifpk vkyfief;pOf wwd,qifh
5000 ESihf 0wfa&;twGuf ouf xef;wyifjrdKUwGif vufeufukdif rSm ZGev f 7 &ufaeYwiG f jrefrm 30 ar 1946 tm&Sta&SUawmif
qkid &f mwkYdxrH S avxD;p 50 &&dS ykvyd w f Ydku vlxu k dk aoewfjzifh wpfjynfv;Hk wGif uefYuu G yf JG ykdif; r[mrdwfppfaoemywdcsKyf
atmif aqmif&Gufay;cJhaMumif; ypfa&;? t&yf&yfwGif jynfolU&J tpnf;ta0;rsm; usi;f y&efwYdkjzpf avmh'af rmifb
h ufwef &mxl;ouf
ajymMum;onf/ abmfwyfzGJU0ifrsm;ukd zr;qD;ESdyf onf/ wrf;ukefqkH;onf/
«oHawmfqifh 24-5-46» uGyfa&; ponfwkdYESifhywfoufí [Burma Struggle Vol.I: P
«oHawmfqifh 23-5-46» XLVIII]
tvkyfñTefMum;&ef zqyvtzGJU
24 ar 1946 zqyvtzGUJ csKyf csKyf OD;pD;tzGUJ rS cefYtyfxm;aom
xef;wyifjrdKUü vlxq
k E´jyyGJ 31 ar 1946 rsKd;cspftzGUJ tpnf;
Ouú| Akv d cf sKyfatmifqef;u jref tvkyfaumfrwDrS wifoGif;aom wGif usq;Hk oGm;onfh v,form; ta0;usi;f yí bk&ifc\ H trI
rmEkid if H bk&ifcH qma':refprpfEiS hf tqifh 3 qifu h dk twnfjyKonf/ rsm;\ psmyetcrftem;usi;f y&m aqmiftzGUJ rS OD;at;? OD;vGe;f ESihf
oGm;a&mufawGUqkHonf/ xkdokdY vkyif ef;pOf yxrtqifrh mS puf½?Hk AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef; wufa&muf OD;btke;f wkYdtm; csucf si;f xGu&f ef
awGUqk&H mwGif Akv d cf sKyfatmifqef; ausmif;? aps;? vrf;ESihf &yfuu G f rdefYcGef;ajymMum;onf/ trdefYxkwfonf/
u wuúov dk rf S xGuv f monfrpS tpnf;ta0;uav;rsm; usi;f yí «oHawmfqifh 26-5-46» «ol&d, 1-6-46»
í tawGUtBuHKrsm;ukd jyefajymif; u/ xef;wyifjrdKUwGif vufeuf «[ H o m 0 w D 28-5-46 txl ; «[Hom0wD 1-6-46»
ukid yf v
k yd w f Ydku vlxu k kd aoewf tcsyfykd(p)»
4 0
 vGwfvyfa&;MudK;yrf;rI&ufpGJorkdif;
ZG e f v acwåceYx f m;&ef bk&ifrif;jrwfu vyfciG hf csKyfcs,jf cif;ukd vlxq k E´ tary Debates (Hansand) 7-6-46.
oabmwlnDjyD;aMumif; owif; jy uefYuu G yf JG usi;f yonf/ Vol 423. Cols 23198-2323»
«ol&d, 8-6-46» «wkd;wufa&;*sme,f trSwf 20? 16-
1 ZGef 1946 &efuek Nf rdKU jrdKUawmf xkwfjyefonf/ 6-46 pm 33»
«[Hom0wD tcsyfydk (c)8-6-46»
crf;rwGif armfvNrdKifjrdKU a&wGi;f «ol&d, 4-6-46» [Burma Struggle Vol.I: P 848]
ukef;&Gmom;rsm;tm; n§if;yrf;ESdyf
7 ZGef 1946 jAdwo d QygvDref
pufrjI zifh *syefppfw&m;cH uk;d 5 ZGef 1946 awmifwef;om; 10 ZGef 1946 Akv d cf sKyaf tmifqef;
atmufvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;
a,muftrIukd ppfaq;jyD;aemuf pnf;vkH;nDnGwfa&;tzGJU yrmP u ZGef 7 &uf jAw d o d QygvDref
nDvmcH usif;yonf/ wGif avbmtrwf rpöwm'½kid ;f
trddefYcsrSwfonf/ atmufvTwfawmf tpnf;ta0;
Akv
d rf LS ;MuD; tD'w D m « acwfr&D rS ;f jynf? ¿ ? 18-7-46? bwf (Mr. Tom Driberg) u jref
pm 5» rmEkid if b
H &k ifcH qma':refprpfEiS hf wGif uGeq f maA;wpf trwf
Akv
d Mf uD; [D*g&DS uyÜwed *f rf;rif; pGypf cJG suuf dk uefY
trIaqmifaumifpDtzGJUwGif OD;
'kw, d Akv d f eum&mrm uGuaf Mumif; aMu;eef;ay;ykYdonf/
wkYdtm; axmif'Pf 8 ESp/f
bk&ifc\ H trIaqmif aumifpD atmifqef;ESiw hf uG ¤if;\ jynf
«*sme,fausmf wGJ 4? trSwf 8? 15-
tkyfcGJwyfMuyfMuD; ukdbm&m&DS rS rsKd;cspftzGUJ 0if 0efMuD;ESpOf ;D jzpf olU&JabmftzGUJ wkYd\ tultnD & 6-46»
wyfMuyfMuD; wd&k mrm; onfh OD;apmESihf OD;btke;f wkYd Ew I f ,loifhaMumif; ajymMum;onf/
xGufonf/ «House of Commons, parliamen-
wkYdtm; axmif'Pf 6 ESp/f tary Debates (Hansand) 7-6-46.

jrefrmEkid if H acwåb&k ifcH qm
[Burma Struggle Vol.I: P L]
wyfMuyfMuD; eum&drS m; Vol 423. Cols 2314-2318» [ife&DEkdufonf &efukefNrdKUokdY
wyfMuyfMuD; tk*d g0g; 7 ZGef 1946 ykord jf rdKUwGif u&if vpfba&wmav,mOfjzifh qkduf
vTGwf/ trsKd;om;acgif;aqmiffMuD; qmpH
NAdwo d QygvDref atmufvw T f a&mufvmonf/
«ol&d, 2-6-46» awmf tpnf;ta0;wGif uGeq f m «[Hom0wD tcsyfy(dk c) 11-6-46»
«[Hom0wD tcsyyf dk (u) 2-6-46»
pDz;dk uG,v f eG of nf/ «wkd;wufa&;*sme,f trSwf 20? 16-
«ol&d, 13-6-46» aA;wpftrwf uyÜwed f *rf;rif; 6-46»
(Capt. Gammans) u OD;atmif

bk&ifc\ H trIaqmifaumifpD qef;onf wyfom;OD;a& 9000
3 ZGef 1946 jrefrmEkid if t H pk;d & 11 ZGef 1946 jrefrmEkid if b
H &k ifcH
0if (0efMu;D ) OD;vGe;f ukd rsK;d cspt
f zGUJ cefY&Sd ppfwyfwpfwyfudk zGUJ xm; qma':refprpfu acwåbk&ifcH
jynfoUl qufqaH &;Xmeu owif;
rS xkwyf ,fonf/ aMumif;? rJqE´&Sifrsm;udk xkdppf qm[ife&DEkduftm; &mxl;wm0ef
pmq&mrsm; tpnf;ta0;usif;y «ol&d, 8-6-46»
wyfEiS hf jidr;f ajcmufrnfudk pk;d &drf rsm; vTaJ jymif;ay;onf/
um jrefrmEkid if b H &k ifcH qma':ref «[Hom0wD 8-6-46»
&aMumif;\? xkdtajctaeqkduf [Burma Struggle Vol.I: P 844]
prpf 0rf;uku d af 0'em jyif;xefpmG
a&mufvQif zufqpftyk cf sKyaf &;ESihf [Burma Gezette 22-6-46]
cHpm;ae&í xkt d awmtwGi;f qm
zqyvtzGUJ csKyfu OD;aqmif
jcm;em;rnf r[kwaf Mumif; ajym
[ife&DEu dk f (Sir Henry Knight) í uefawmfrifyef;jcH (,ckuef 12 ZGefESifh 14 ZGef 1946 u&if
Mum;onf/
tm; jrefrmEkid if H bk&ifcH tjzpf awmfr*Fvmyef;NcH)ü jynfoUl vGwf A[kt
d zGUJ csKyf uk,
d pf m;vS,t
f pnf;
«House of Commons, parliamen-
41
ausmfNidrf;
ta0;wGif t*FvefEidk if o H Ydk u&if
uk,
d pf m;vS,t f zGUJ oGm;a&muf
ta&;qkd&ef u&ifrdwfquftzGJU
apvTwaf &;udk xyfrH twnfjyK
vsuf t*FvefEidk if oH mG ; u&iftzGUJ
0ifrsm;tjzpf
1/ rpöwmqpf'eDvel D
2/ apmbk;d cspf
3/ apmom'if
4/ apmbOD;MuD;wkYdudk wifajr§muf
Muonf/
«OD;oefY jynfawmfomc&D; ('kw, d ykid ;f ) iHv;Hk &dS u&iftrsK;d om;rsm;\ nD
&efukefpmayAdrmefykHESdyf/ 1961/ pm vmcH usi;f y&ef oabmwlchJ
100/ aemifu;kd um;vQif OD;oefY jynf onf/
awmfomc&D;('k) [kñGTef;rnf»
14 ZGef 1946 jrefrmEkid if b
H &k ifcH
a[mif; qma':refprpf? av'Da':
refprpfESifhorD; yufx&pf&Sm;wkdY
atmf ' l ; em; ( S.S ORDUNA )
oabFmjzifh jrefrmEkid if H xGucf mG
onf/
«[Hom0wD 15-6-46»
15 ZGef 1946 XmecsKyfwYdkArm
tpnf;t½kH; tpnf;ta0;usif;y
í tvkyt f rIaqmif tzGUJ 0ifrsm;
tjzpf Ouú| ocifApde?f taxG
axGtwGif;a&;rSL; ocifodef;
armifwYdktm; a&T;cs,f wifajr§muf
onf/
4 2
«[Hom0wD tcsyfykd (u) 19-6-46»
20 ZGefESifh 21 ZGef 1946 jrefrm
EkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m u&iftrsKd;om;
tzGJUcsKyfMuD; (bDautifat)u
armif*kdrm&Dvrf; (,ckAkdvfcsKyf
atmifqef;vrf;)&dStzGJUcsKyf½kH;wGif
tpnf;ta0;usi;f yonf/ tpnf;
ta0;wGif u&ifjynfe,fawmif;
qkda&;ESifh ywfoufí bmom
ra&G;? tzGUJ tpnf;ra&G;? jrefrmEkid f
[Note on Verious Karen Asso-
ciation ]
28 ZGef 1946 jrefrmEkid if v H ;Hk
qkdif&m trsKd;orD;vGwfvyfa&;
tzGJUcsKyf trIaqmiftpnf;ta0;
usif;yonf/ jrefrmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif
&m trsK;d orD; vGwv f yfa&;tzGUJ
csKyfonf jrefrmEkid if t
H wGi;f &dS vl
wef;pm;ra&G; jrefrmwkdif;&if;ol
tm;vk;H \ tzGUJ jzpfum jrefrm
wkdif;&if;olrsm; tusKd;twGuf
&nf&, G cf suf 4 &yfcsrw S cf o
hJ nf/
xkd&nf&G,fcsufrsm;rSm trsKd;orD;
rsm;tm; pnf;½k;H í wkid ;f jynfjyef
vnfxal xmifa&;? oufomacsmif
csda&;? usef;rma&;vkyif ef;wkYd wiG f
yg0ifaqmif&Guf&ef? trsKd;orD;
rsm;\w&m;0iftcGifhta&; &,l
&ef? trsKd;orD;rsm;tm; vlraI &;
vkyif ef; MudK;yrf;aqmif&uG v
f pdk w
d f
&ifo
h efvmatmif avhusiahf y;&ef/
trsK;d orD;rsm; pnf;vk;H aqmif&u G f
rIwGif avhusifhay;&efwkdY jzpf
onf/
«ol&d, 7-7-46»
ZGefv aemufqkH;ywf &ckid t f rsK;d
orD;tzGJUxlaxmifonf/ tvkyf
trIaqmiftzGJU0ifrsm;rSm Ouú|
a':apmjr? twGi;f a&;rSL; a':Mum
ZH wkYd jzpfonf/
«OD;atmifZaH 0 A Surviours Memors
(vufESdyfpufrl)»
Zl v k d i f v
5 Zlvkdif 1946 jrefrmEkid if t
H pk;d &
jynfxJa&;0efMuD;XmerS xef;w
yif aoewfypfrt I pD&ifcpH m xkwf
jyefonf/
[Tantabin Reports P 844]
8 Zlvkdif 1946 jrefrmhvw G v f yf
a&; trsKd;orD;tzGJUcsKyfudk Arm
jynf v G w f v yf a &; trsKd ; orD ;
tpnf;t½H;k Avrp [lí trnf
ajymif ; onf / trI a qmif t zG J U
opfukd jyefvnfzUGJ pnf;&m OuúX
a':cifvS 'k-OuúX a':oJnGefY
twGif;a&;rI; a':jrwifwdkY jzpf
onf/
«[Hom0wD 21-7-46»
«Munfrm jref r mtrsKd ; orD ; avmu
pm 61-62»
«wkdYArmtpnf;t½kH;orkdif;jyKpka&;tzGJU?
wkdYArmtpnf;t½kH;orkdif;('kwd,wGJ)
&efuek /f pmayAdrmefyEHk ydS /f 1976/ pm
148/ aemifu;dk um;vQifwkdYArmtpnf;
t½kH;orkdif;('k)[kñTef;rnf»
9 Zlvikd f 1946 jrefrf mEdik if H tpd;k &
jynfxaJ &;0ef BuD;XmerS umuG,f
a&; yk'rf 58 (1) udk ½kwo f rd ;f
onf/
«jynfolU&Jabmf*sme,f twGJ 1? trSwf
11? 24-7-46»
10 Zlvdkif 1946 jrefrmEdkifiH
acwåbk&ifcHcsKyf [ife&DEdkufu
ocifpdk;OD;aqmifonhf uGefjrLepff
ygwD (Armjynf) tm; tiwfjyó
emudk taMumif;jyKí qefvyk rJG sm;
jyKvyk jf cif;? [Hom0wDc½dik f awmif
olv,form;wdkYtm; tcGefray;
&ef vIYHaqmfjcif;wdYkaMumihf uGejf rL
epfygwD (Armjynf) tvHeaD wmif
olv,form; or*¾ ESifh ¤if;wdYk\
aumfrwDtzGUJ cGrJ sm; qyfaumfrwD
rsm;ESifh tzGUcJ t
JG m;vH;k udk wdik ;f jynf
Nidr0f yfyjd ym;a&;xd cdu k zf ,
G &f o
dS nf
[k ,lqojzihf rw&m;toif;
 vGwfvyfa&;MudK;yrf;rI&ufpGJorkdif;
aMunmonff/ u&ifjynfe,f wnfaqmufa&; xifaMumif; ajymqd&k m ocifoef; wGif udo k ed ;f aztm; cefYxm;&efqkd
«[Hom0wD 16-7-46» ESifh t*FvefEikd if o
H Ykd u&ifu,
dk pf m; xGe;f u ruse;f rmíwpfaMumif;? &S,fvpfygwDwpfOD;udk wGJzuft
«oHawmfqifh 28-7-46» vS,t f zGUJ apvTwaf &;wdYkukd wifjy tvkyv f yk &f mwGif tjyeftvSe, f kH wGif;a&;rI; cefYxm;&eftqdkwif
«wkd;wufa&;*sme,f trSwf 25? 21- onf/ Munfr&I &dS efvakd Mumif;? ,ckrI t oGi;f onf/ ocifoef;xGe;f \ t
7-46» [Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 892- jyeftvSef,HkMunfrIvnf; r&Sd
[Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 894- qdkudk OuúXOD;babESihf 'D;'kwf
893/ 949-945 ] awmhaMumif; ,cktcg e,fcsUJ o OD;bcsKw d Ykdu uefYuu G o f nf/ þ
895 ]
rm;wdYkonf wdu k pf pfqifvmNyDjzpf udpu ö kd tjyeftvSeaf qG;aEG;MuNyD;
11 Zlvikd f 1946 &efuek Nf rKd U a&Twd 14 Zl v kdi fESi fh 24 Zlv dkif 1946 &m trsKdom;vGwv f yfa&;vkyif ef; aemuf vlrsm;pk\ qE´twdik ;f udk
*Hak pwD tv,fypö,H 'du k Of ;D Z&yf awmif BuD ;Nrd KUwG i f pyf zrsm;aumif \ tkwjf rpfjzpfaom ArmjynfueG f ode;f az\ oabmwlncD suft&
wGif trsK;d orD; uGeuf &ufu jref pD t pnf ; ta0;usif ;yonf / jrLygwD udk,fpm;vS,fwpfOD;t udkausmfNidrf;tm; ,m,DtwGif;
«OD;tke;f az yifvkHppfwrf; pm 350- jzpf wufa&muf&ef apmapmuyif a&;rI;ceYxm;í A[dkOD;pD;tzGJU
rmjynf trsKd;orD;wpfzGJUwnf; 351»
jzpf&ef &efukefNrdKU&Sd trsKd;orD; jyiffqif&efvdkonf wpfaMumif;? tpnf;ta0;odYk wifjy&ef oabm
tzGJUtoD;oD;tm; bdwfMum;í 20 Zlvdkif 1946 zqyv tvkyf t*FvefodkY ArmjynfuGefjrLepfyg wlMuonf/
tpnf;ta0;usif;yonf/ wD udk,fpm;vS,fwpfOD; tjzpf tpnf;a0;wGif taxGaxGudpö
trIaqmiftzGUJ tpnf;ta0;usi;f
«ol&d, 12-7-46» wufa&muf&ef vdo k nfu wpf aqG;aEG&m zqyvonff jynfoYl
yonf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif Ouú|
aMumif;aMumihf taxGaxGtwGif; vGwv f yfa&; csKyfcs,frI usif;y
AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;u tawGawG
13 Zlvdkif 1946 NAw d o d Q eef; a&;rI; &mxl;rS EIwx f u G af Mumif; a&;ESifh ywfowfí wpfjynfv;kH
twGif;a&;rI; ocifoef;xGef;
&if0ef rpöwm tufwvDu qm ajymqdkonf/ ocifoef;xGef;\ wGif aomfvnf;aumif;? &efuek f
onf tvkyt f rIaqmif tpnf;
[l;bwf&ef(pf)udk jrefrmEdkifiH EIwx f u G cf suuf kd tvkyt f rIaqmif NrdKUwGif vnf;aumif;pDpOfrnfjzpf
ta0;ü OD;bab? 'D;'kwOf ;D bcsKd
bk&ifcHtjzpf cefYtyfonf/ aumfrwDu vufco H nf/ OuúX aomfvnf; 26Zlvikd f 1946wGif
[Mourice Collis Last and First wdkY ajymqdkaom pum;rsm;tm; AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;u vGwfvyf usif;yrnhf jynfolYvGwfvyfa&;
in Burma P 282] a0zef a &;om;jcif ; onf pnf ;
aom taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rI ae csKyfcs,rf I uefYuu G yf w
JG iG f zqy
urf;csKd;azmufjcif;jzpfaMumif;
&mwGif udak usmNf idr;f aqmif&u G &f eff vyg0ifrnfr[kwf[k qHHk;jzwf
13 Zlvdkif 1946 jrefrmEdkifiH tvkyt f rIaqmif vlBuD;vnf;jzpf
ESifh uGejf rLepfygwDwpfO;D tm; wGJ onf/
acwåbk&ifcH qm[ife&DEdkufu taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rI;vnf; jzpf zuf twGi;f a&;rI;tjzpf ceYx f m; «zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSwwf rf;(1945-
u&if udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJU0ifrsm; í omvGefí t½kyfqdk;aMumif; &ef tBuaH y;onf/ OuúX\ tMuH 46) 20-7-46 pm 105-108»
jzpfonhf qpf'eDvel ?D ref;bcif? ajymMum;onf/ xdjk yif ocifoef; ay;csuu f kd OD;bazESihf 'D;'kwOf ;D
apmom'if? apmbd;k cspf? apmpdef xGe;f onf ruse;f rmí zqyvt bcsKw d Ykdu axmufco H nf/ ocif 25 Zlvdkif 1946 &efukefNrdKU
wifEiS hf om&momxkw d Ykdukd vufcH zGUJ csKyf\ tcsut f csmjzpfaom t
oef;xGe;f u ueYu f uG í f vpfv f yf armihf*dkrm&dvrf; (AkdvfcsKyfatmif
awGUqHkonf/ xdkodkY awGUqHk&m axGaxGtwGi;f a&;rI;wm0efrf sm;udk aom taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rIae&m qef;vrf;)trSwf 253ü jref
wGif u&ifudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJUu qufvufxrf;aqmifEdkifrnf r
43
ausmfNidrf;
rmEdik if vH ;Hk qdik &f m u&iftrsK;d om;
tzGUJ csKyBf uD; (bDautifat)
trIaqmif aumfrwD\ txl;
tpnf ; ta0;wG i f t*F v ef o d k Y
uk,d pf m;vS,t f zGUJ apvGwrf nfh u
&ifA[dt k zGUJ csKyf\ aqmif&u G cf suf
ESihf u&ifudk,fpm;vS,ftzGJUwGif
yg0ifaom yk*¾dKvfrsm;udkvnf;
uefYuGufonf/
[Note on Various Karn Asso-
ciation P6]
26 Zlvdkif 1946 u&ifA[dktzGJU
csKyrf S u&ifu,
kd f pm;vS,t f zJUG 0if
rsm;jzpfonhf qpf'eDvel ?D apmb
OD;BuD; u&ifA[kt d zGUJ csKyf tvkyf
trIaqmifESihf udk,fpm;vS,ftzGJU
wGif twGi;f a&;rI; apmOD;cspfwYkd
t*FvefEdkifiHokdY xGufcGmonf/
««OD;oefY jynfawmfomc&D; ('kw,
ykid ;f ) &efuek /f pmayAdrmefyEHk ydS /f 1961/
pm80/ aemifu;kd um;vQif OD;oefY jynf
awmfomc&D;('k) [kñGTef;rnf»
[Note on Various Karn Asso-
ciation P6]
[Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 950]
27 Zlvkdif 1946 qm[l;bwf&efY
u jrefrmEkdifiHbk&ifcH&mxl;urf;
vSr;f vmjcif;ukd vufcoH nf/ okYd
aomfowif;ukd 5-8-46 rwkid rf D
rxkwfjyef&ef arwåm&yfcHonf/
4 4
[Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 920-
921]
Zlvdkif (aemufqHk;ywf) 1946
Adv
k rf ;l BuD; zpf&ufu *syefacwf
jrefrmtpk;d & t"dywd a'gufwm
barmftm; *syefEidk if &H Sd qlumrkd
tusOf;axmifrSxkwfí NAdwdoQ
oH½kH;odkY ac:aqmifoGm;onf/
[Ba Maw Breakthrough in
Burma. P 416 ]
Mo*k w f
1 Mo*kwf 1946 *syefacwfjref
rmtpk;d &t"dywd a'gufwmbarmf
&efuek Nf rdKUokYd jyefvnf a&muf&Sd
onf/
[Ba Maw Breakthrough in
d Burma. P 416 ]
8 Mo*kwf 1946 u&ifA[dktzGJU
csKyf Ouú| apmom'if t*Fvef
Ekid if o
H Ydk xGucf mG onf/
[Note on Various Karn Asso-
ciation P 4]
24 Mo*kwf 1946 &efuek Nf rdKUay:
&dS &yfuu G rf sm;wGif toif;tzGUJ
aygif;pku
H OD;pD;í jynfoUl vGwf
vyfa&; tkyfcsKyfrIuefYuGufyGJrsm;
usi;f yjyD; a<u;aMumforH sm; a<u;
aMumfonf/ (a<u;aMumfoH 24
csuu f dk &efuek cf ½kid f zqyvtzGUJ
csKyfrS xkwjf yefonf)
[Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 973]
25 ESifh 27 Mo*kwf 1946 zq
yvtzGUJ csKyf OD;pD;tzGUJ \ wwd,
tMudrfajrmuf tpnf;ta0;ukd
trSwf 8 uk, d rhf if;uk,
d chf sif;vrf;
&efukefNrdKU&dS zqyvXmecsKyfü
usif;yonf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif
qk;H jzwfcsuf 8 &yf csrw S q f ;Hk jzwf
onf/ ¤if;wkYd rmS
1/ a&ab;'ku©
2/ ,k;d ',m; jrefrm rD;&xm;vrf;
udpö
3/ rD;&xm;vrf;rsm;
4/ jrefrmjynfaiGaMu;pepf
5/ jynford ;f r[mrdwpf pfwyfrsm;
6/ aiGa&;aMu;a&;t½IwftaxG;
7/ ocifp;dk *kP d ;f udpö
8/ Ekid if aH &;tusOf;orm;rsm;tm;
rw&m;nOf;yef;jcif; wkYd jzpfonf/
[Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 965-
966]
«zqyvA[kdOD;pD;tzGJU('kwd,tBudrf)
tpnf;ta0;rSwfwrf; 1946? Mo*kwf
v»
«'D;'kwf*sme,f twGJ 20? trSwf 8?
pm 14-16? 2-9-46 »
28 Mo*kwf 1946 zqyv tzGUJ
csKyt
f wGi;f a&;rSL;&mxl;twGuf OD;
ausmfjidr;f ESihf OD;ode;f az ,SOjf ydKif
ta&G;cH&m OD;ausmjf idr;f u 52 rJ?
OD;ode;f azu 33 rJ&&do S nf/
«'D;'kwf*sme,f twGJ 20? trSwf 8?
pm 14? 2-9-46»
[Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 967]
30 Mo*kwf 1946 zqyv
tvkyt f rIaqmiftzGUJ txl;
tpnf;ta0; usi;f y&m OD;ode;f az
tm; wGb J uftaxGaxGtwGi;f a&;
rSL; tjzpf cefYxm;&ef oabmwl
on/ wGJbuftwGif;a&;rSL;eSifh
taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL; r&do S nfh
tcg ¤if;\ae&mwGif aqmif&u G f
&ef tcGit hf a&;&daS Mumif; qk;H jzwf
onf/
«zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSww f rf;(1945-
46) 30-8-46? pm 112-124»

jrefrmEkid if H bk&ifco
H pf qm[l;
bwf&efpf (Sir Hubert Elvin Ran-
ce) jrefrmEkdifiHa&muf&dSonf/
«[Hom0wD 4-10-46»
31 Mo*kwf 1946 jrefrmEkid if H
acwåbk&ifcH qm[ife&DEkdufxHrS
bk&ifcHopf qm[l;bwf&efpfu
&mxl;vTJajymif;,ljyD; usrf;opöm

usdefqkdonf/ onf/
«[Hom0wD tcsyyf dk (u) 1-9-46» «[Hom0wD 6-9-45»
puf w if b mv
jynfoUl &JabmftzGUJ aoemywd
AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;u jynfol&J
2 pufwifbm 1946 jrefrmEkid if H abmftzGUJ aMunmcsuf 17 ukd
bk&ifcHopf qm[l;bwf&efpfukd xkwfjyefonf/ xkdaMunmcsuf
MudKqkyd JG tcrf;tem; &efuek jf rdKU wGif &efuek jf rdKU&dS &mZ0wfXmetrI
awmfcrf;rwGif usif;yonf/ xrf;rsm;? t&mxrf;rsm;onf &
«[Hom0wD 3-9-46» oif&h xku d af om tcGit hf a&;
awmif;qkrd rI sm;ukd e,fcsUJ tpk;d &u
3 pufwifbm 1946 jynfoUl &J rvku d af vsmojzifh pufwifbm 5
abmfwyfzUJG aoemywd Akv d cf sKyf &uf? nae 3 em&DwiG f oydwf
atmifqef;u jynfoUl &Jabmfwyf arSmufvkdufaMumif;/ xkdoydwf
zGUJ XmecsKyf (jrefrmEkid if )H taxGaxG MuD; ay:aygufvmonft h wGuf
ñTeMf um;csut f rSwf 4 ukd xkwf jynfojl ynfom;wkYd \ touft;dk
jyefum Ekid if aH &;ygwDrsm;u oD; tdrpf nf;pdru f dk umuG,&f ef txl;
jcm;aqmif&Gufaom vkyfief;rsm; vkdtyfvmaMumif;/ xkdYaMumifh
wGif wyfzUJG 0ifrsm;taeESihf wpfO;D jynfolY&Jabmf wyfzGJU0ifrsm;onf
csif; aomfvnf;aumif; wyfzGJU wkid ;f jynfjidr0f yfyjd ym;atmif tpGr;f
taeESihf aomfvnf;aumif; yg0if ukef aqmif&u G Mf u&rnf jzpf
jcif; rjyK&[k ñTeMf um;onf/ aMumif;/ xkdokdYaqmif&Guf&mwGif
«jynfolU&Jabmf*sme,f wGJ 1? trSwf tpk;d &ykid ;f rS aqmif&u G cf surf sm;ESihf
19? pm 20? 18-9-46» em;vnfrI&atmif MudK;pm;aqmif
&GufMu&rnfjzpfaMumif;/ oydwf
5 pufwifbm 1946 jrefrmEkid if H om;rsm;tm; vkt d yfaom tul
ykvyd t
f zGUJ 0iftiftm; 3000 ausmf tnD ay;&rnfjzpfaMumif; yg&dS
cefYu &efukefNrdKU a&Twd*kHapwD onf/
awmf &m[kaxmifh oHwefaqmif; «[Hom0wD 6-9-46»
MuD;ü txl;tpnf;ta0; usi;f y «jynfolU&Jabmf*sme,f wGJ 1? trSwf
um oydwaf rSmuf&ef qk;H jzwf 19? pm 20? 4-10-46»
vGwfvyfa&;MudK;yrf;rI&ufpGJorkdif;

&efuek t
f a&;ykid f OD;boG,u f vdyfoydwfukd cktajctaexuf
jrefrmjynfumuG,fa&; enf;Oy rqk;d rDtcsed tf wGi;f aMuat;atmif
a' 53 t& &efuek cf ½kid t f wGi;f tjrefaphpyf aqmif&u G af y;&ef
n 22;30 rS eHeuf 04;00 em&D awmif;qkdaMumif; xkdjyifhwkdif;ol
twGi;f rnforl qkd tdrrf x S uG cf mG jynfom;rsm; jidrf0yfydjym;pGmjzifh
oGm;vmjcif;rjyK&[laom ae0if tjrefaphpyfaqmif&u G af y;&ef awmif;
rD;jidrf; trdefYxkwfjyefonf/ qkdaMumif; wkdif;oljynfom;rsm;
«[Hom0wD 7-9-46» jidrf0yfydjym;pGmESifh pnf;urf;ao
0yfpmG aexkid Mf u&ef oydwaf rSmuf
6 pufwifbm 1946 &efukefNrdKU aeMuaom ykvyd rf sm;ukd pGr;f tm;
wGif ykvdyfoydwfarSmufaejcif; &do S rQ ulnaD xmufyMhH u&efarwåm
udpEö iS hf pyfvsO;f í zqyvtzGUJ &yfcaH Mumif; yg&do S nf/
csKyf tvkyt f rIaqmiftzGUJ rS aMu «[Hom0wD 7-9-46»
nmcsuw f pf&yfxw k jf yefonf/ xkd
aMunmcsufwGif ykvdyftrIxrf; 9 pufwifbm 1946 jrefrmjynf
t&mxrf;rsm;onf wkdif;jynfjidrf uGefjrLepfygwDu zqyvtzGJU
0yfydjym;a&;ukd apmifha&Smufum csKyftm; *kP d ;f aygif;pku H eG zf &ifah c:
uG,af eolrsm;jzpf&m ykvyd o f ydwf &ef wku d w f eG ;f aom aMunmpm
ay:vmjcif;aMumifh wkdif;jynftkyf wrf;ukd xkwjf yefonf/
csKyaf &;ukd xdcu dk af Mumif;? &efuek f «zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSww f rf;(1945-
ykvyd rf sm; vkv d m;csurf sm; raus 46) pm 128-130 14-9-46»
eyfcsurf sm;ukd a0zefMunh½f &I mwGif
xktd csurf sm; vku d af vsmjyKjyifay;
ykvyd rf if;MuD;u oydwaf rSmuf
oifo h nf[k xifjrifaMumif;? yk onfh ykvyd rf sm; pufwifbm 5
vdyt f zGUJ MuD;ukd jyefvnfjyKjyifay; &ufaeYrpS í tvkyjf yKwaf p[kaMu
oifo h nf[k ,lqaMumif;? ,ckvdk nmonf/
jzpfonfrmS puúLjzLpmwrf;t& jAd «[Hom0wD 4-10-46»
wdoQtpk;d &wkYd\ 0g'pepfjzifh tkyf
csKyfpDrHrIrS ay:aygufvmjcif;jzpf 12 pufwifbm 1946 ykvyd rf if;
aMumif;? xkYdaMumifh tpk;d &u yk MuD;u ykvyd o f ydwf vSe&f efEiS hf
rvSeyf gu ykvyd af jy;awGtaeESihf
45
ausmfNidrf;
ta&;,lrnf[k aMunmonf/
«[Hom0wD 4-10-46»
14 pufwifbm 1946 zqyv
tzGUJ csKyf tvkyt f rIaqmiftpnf;
ta0;usif;yaepOf jrefrmEkdifiH
bk&ifcH qm[l;bwf&efUpfu Akv d f
csKyfatmifqef;xH ay;ykdYaompm
uk&d &do
S nf/ xkpd mwGiv f uf&bSd &k if
cH\ trIaqmiftzGUJ ukd zsuo f rd ;f
í us,0f ef;aom (Brood based)
trIaqmifaumifpD tzGUJ opf zGUJ
pnf;vkad Mumif;? zqyv\oabm
xm;ukd odvadk Mumif; yg&do S nf/
zqyvtrIaqmiftzGUJ u bk&ifcH
\ay;pmukd pOf;pm;MujyD;aemuf
trsK;d om;tpk;d & awmif;qk&d ef qk;H
jzwfonf/ xkq d ;Hk jzwfcsut
f wkid ;f
bk&ifcHtm; awGUqkHawmif;qkd&ef
OD;bab? ocifjrESihf OD;ausmjf idr;f
wkYd tm; vTt J yfonf/
«zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSwwf rf;(1945-
46) pm 128-130 14-9-46»
14 ESifh 19 pufwifbm 1946
&Srf;jynfawmifykdif; awmifMuD;NrdKU
wGif &Sr;f jynfv;Hk qkid &f m ta&;ay:
uGezf &ifh usi;f yonf/ uGezf &ifh
wGif obmywdtjzpf a'gufwm
cGefomat;? twGif;a&;rSL;tjzpf
4 6
ukpd aH zu aqmif&u G of nf/ uGef 10/ OD;at;armif(rkd;eJ) tzGJU0if rnf[k &mZoHay;onf/
z&ifhwGif 11/ OD;oef;az(rk;d rdw)f tzGJU0if [Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 32]
1/ &Sr;f wkid ;f &if;om; rsK;d cspyf *k Kd¾ vf 12/ OD;xGe;f OD;(oDayg) tzGJU0if
rsm;ukd pepfwuspk½kH;aygif;pnf; wkdYjzpfonf/ 17 pufwifbm 1946 zqyv
&ef/ «&Srf;jynfajrmufykdif; ya'o&mZf qefY tzGJUcsKyfu aMunmcsufwpf&yf
2/ wkid ;f jcm; e,fcsUJ pepf vuf usif a wmf v S e f a &;rS w f w rf ; (uefY xkwfjyefonf/ xkdaMunmcsuf
atmufrS Ekid if aH &;? pD;yGm;a&;? vlrI owf) vufEydS pf ufr?l awmifMuD;jrdKU/ wGif tvkyo f rm;rsm; awmif;qkd
30-10-1986/ aemifu;dk um;vQif y
qufqHa&;ponfjzifh vkH;0vGwf a'o&mZfqefYusifa&; [kñTef;rnf/» aeonfh &Sm;yg;p&dwc f sufcsif;ay;
vyffa&;&&dSatmif aqmif&Guf&ef/ «OD;tke;f az yifvHkppfwrf; pm 346- &ef zdEy dS cf sKyfcs,fonfh Oya'rsm;
3/ &Sr;f jynf\ uHMur®mukd &Sr;f 347» ½kyo f rd ;f ay;&efEiS hf trsK;d om;tpk;d &
wkid ;f &if;om;rsm;uom pDrzH efw;D «kkjrefrmhtvif; 29-9-46» zGJUpnf;ay;&efwkdY yg&dSonf/
&ef ponfwYdkudk &nf&, G o f nf/ [Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 43]
&Srf;jynfe,f vGwfvyf 15 pufwifbm 1946 jrefrmEkid f
a&; tzGUJ csKyfMuD;ukd zGUJ pnf;onf/ iH pmykdYESifhaMu;eef;qufoG,fa&;
jrefrmEkid if b H &k ifcH qm[l;bwf
&Sr;f jynfe,f vGwv f yfa&;tzGUJ csKyf Xmeu oydwaf rSmufonf/ a&Twd &efp\ f trIaqmifaumifpD (0ef
aMunmpmwrf; trSwf 1 ukx d w k f *kw
H iG f oydwEf pS v f ;Hk qko H nf/ MuD;tzGUJ )rS atmufazmfjyygyk*Kd¾ vf
jyefonf/ trIaqmifrsm;rSm «35 &ufZmwfuGuf'kdif,m&D [Hom rsm; Ekwx f uG of nf/
1/ a'gufwmcGeo f mat; Ouú| 0wD 4-10-46» qmay:xGef; jynfxaJ &;ESiw hf &m;
«pmwkdufoydwfXmecsKyf oydwfvSef
2/ OD;xGe;f jrifh aMunmpmwrf; [Hom0wD 4-10-
a&;Xme
taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; 46» qmxGef;atmifausmf b@ma&;
3/ OD;bab ESihf tcGeaf wmfXme
b@ma&;rSL; 16 pufwifbm 1946 trIxrf; OD;yk v,f,mpku d yf sK;d a&;ESihf aus;
4/ OD;pHaz aygif;pkH aumfrwDu jrefrmEkid if H vufawm&Gmpnfyifa&;Xme
jyefMum;a&;rSL; bk&ifcH qm[l;bwf&efYpx f H &Sm; OD;&efatmif ynma&;Xme
5/ OD;xGe;f az yg; pm;&dww f ;dk jr§iahf y;&ef awmif; OD;vGef; jynfoUl vkyif ef;ESihf jyef
pnf;½kH;a&;rSL; qkod nf/ xkad wmif;qkcd suu f dk puf vnf xlaxmifa&;Xme
6/ OD;tkef;az(vdGKifvif)tzGJU0if wifbm 21 &ufaeY aemufq;Hk ref;bcif aygif;oif;qufqaH &;
7/ Akv d b
f &D tzGJU0if xm;jyD; vku d af vsm&ef tu,fí ESihf MuD;yGm;a&;Xme
8/ OD;pHwif tzGJU0if rvku d af vsmygu pufwifbm 23 om,m0wDarmifarmif o,f,l
9/ OD;vSrif; tzGJU0if &ufaeYwiG f oydww dk yf JG qifEJT ykdYaqmifa&;ESifh vrf;yef;quf
f u

oG,fa&;Xme
OD;xGef;tkyf pDru
H ed ;f Xme
[New Times of Burma : 18-9-
46]
«jrefrmha&SUaqmifowif;pm 18-9-
46»
18 pufwifbm 1946 jrefrmEkdif
iHb&k ifcH qm[l;bwf&efYpu
f Akv
d f
csKyfatmifqef;tdrfokdY vma&muf
awGUqkHaqG;aEG;onf/
«zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSww f rf;(1945-
46) pm 131/ 19-9-46»
19 pufwifbm 1946 zqyv
trIaqmif tpnf;ta0; usi;f y
onf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif Akv d cf sKyf
atmifqef;u jrefrmEkdifiHbk&ifcH
qm[l;bwf&efYpf ¤if;tdrfvm
a&mufpOfu aqG;aEG;cJo h nfrsm;ukd
tpD&ifcHonf/ AkdvfcsKyfatmif
qef;u bk&ifco H nfoydwaf rSmuf
aeaom ykvyd rf sm;tm;tvkyx f w k f
ypf&ef oabmwlncD suf ay;vku d f
jyDjzpfaMumif;? þuJoh Ydk ay;vku d f
&jcif;rSmvnf; uefYowfxm;aom
&ufwGif tvkyf jyefrqif;vQif
tvkyrf S xkwyf ,f &yfprJ nf [l
aomjyefxrf;xkwpf Ofu ¤if;uk, d f
wkid f oabmwlnx D m;jcif;aMumifh
jzpfaMumif;? okdYaomf ¤if;wkdYukd
tvkyf jyefoiG ;f &efrmS jzpfEidk f
aMumif;? trIxrf;or*¾aygif;pkEH iS hf
ykvdyfoydwfudpw ö Gif EkdifiHa&;o
rm;rsm;\ ya,m*ygonfxif
aMumif; ajymjyonf/ AkdvfcsKyf
atmifqef;u qm[l;bwf&efYpf
tm; jrefrmEkid if bH &k ifcH qma':ref
prpf jrefrmEkid if aH &mufvmonfu
pí jrefrmEkdifiHa&;tajctaersm;
ukd ajymjyí jrefrmjynfov l xl k
onf tpk;d &tm; pdwef mí t,kH
tMunfuif;rJah eaMumif;? jynfoUl
&Jabmfrsm;ukd zrf;qD;jcif;udpEö Sifh
ywfoufí ykdrkdpdwfemcJhaMumif;?
oydwo f rm;rsm; epfemcsufudk
aMuat;atmif jyKvkyf&eftwGuf
ckt
H zGUJ wpfzUJG tjrefzUJG oifah Mumif;?
xkcd t
Hk zGUJ wGif zqyv uk, d pf m;
vS,t f csKdUyg0ifí tzGUJ csKyf qk;H
jzwfcsufcsEkdifcGifhtmPm &dSoifh
aMumif;? okYdro S m wkid ;f jynfEiS hf o
ydwo f rm;rsm;u xkt d zGUJ ukd t,kH
tMunf&rSd nfjzpfaMumif;? bk&ifcH
\trIaqmifaumifpD 0ifa&muf
a&;ESihf ywfoufí zqyv\vkd
vm;awmif;qkdcsufrSm trsKd;om;
tpkd;&yifjzpfaMumif;? 0efMuD;tzGJU
wGif b@ma&;tmPmaumif;pGm
jynfph í Hk umuG,af &;ESihf Ekid if jH cm;
a&;Xmeukd jzpfap? umuG,af &;ESihf
vGwfvyfa&;MudK;yrf;rI&ufpGJorkdif;
cTsif;csefxm;aom Xmeukdjzpfap aqG;aEG;yGu
J si;f y&m trIxrf;or*¾
wkdif;jynfbufokdY vTJay;EkdifrSom aygif;pku
H ,dk pf m;vS,rf sm;u taxG
zqyvu tzsOf;qkH; vufEkdif axGaygif;pko H ydwuf dk 23 &ufaeY
aumif; vufcHEkdifrnfhtajctae wGif arSmufrSjzpfrnfjzpfaMumif;
ukd &ayvdrrhf nf [k,q l aMumif; okYdr[kwyf gu rdrw d Ydktiftm;ysuf
ajymjy&m bk&ifcu H rnfoYdkaom pD;oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif; ajymMum;
b@ma&; tcGit hf mPmrsm;udk onf/
awmif;qkdvkdoenf; awmif;vkd «zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSww f rf;(1945-
aomtcsurf sm;udk bdvyfoYdk oH 46) pm 133-134? 19-9-46»
MudK;½ku
d af y;rnf[k ajymonf/ xkd
tcg Akv d cf sKyaf tmifqef;utao;
zqyv tvkyt f rIaqmif
pdwt f csut f vufrsm;ukd zqyv tpnf;ta0;onf/ tpnf;ta0;
trIaqmiftzGUJ ESihf wkid yf ifjyD;rSom wGif trIxrf;aygif;pkHor*¾ukd,f
vQif taMumif;jyefEkdifrnf jzpf pm;vS,rf sm;wifjyonfh uefYowf
aMumif; ajymcJo h nfrsm;ukd tpD&if xm;aom &uftwkid ;f pufwifbm
cHonf/ 23 &ufaeYwiG f taxGaxGoydwf
xkdYaemuf oydwfudpEö Sifh MuD; arSmufjcif;ukd oabmwlnD
pyfvsO;f í wGzJ ufcHk zGUJ pnf;a& rzGUJ &efEiS zhf qyvu uln&D efoabm
pnf;a&;ukd a&S;OD;pGm trIxrf; wlqkH;jzwfonf/
«zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSww f rf;(1945-
aygif;pkH or*¾u, dk pf m;vS,rf sm;ESifh 46) pm 133-134? 20-9-46»
aqG;aEG;jyD; ¤if;wkdYoabmwlnD
csuf &rSomvQif zGUJ oifh rzGUJ oifh 21 pufwifbm 1946 jrefrm
ukd bk&ifct H m; tBuHÓPfay;&ef jynfq&dk ,
S vf pfygwD wD,pl b D t
D zGUJ
qkH;jzwfonf/ csKyuf OD;pD;í &efuek Nf rKd U uefawmf
«zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSww f rf;(1945-
rifyef;jcH(,ckuefawmfr*Fvm)wGif
46) pm 131-133? 19-9-46»
tvkyform;oydwf axmufcHyGJ
20 pufwifbm 1946 zqyv usif;yonf/
«OD;AaqG awmfvSefa&;\½IyfuGufjrKyf
trIaqmiftzGUJ ESihf trIxrf;or*¾ uGufrsm; a&Tw*l sme,f wG-J 1? trSw-f
aygif;pkH uk,
d pf m;vS,rf sm; awGUqkH 13? pm 20/ 15-8-1971»
47
ausmfNidrf;

zqyv tvkyt f rIaqmif (C) umuG,af &;ESihf Ekid if jH cm;a&;
tpnf;ta0;usif;y&m AkdvfcsKyf udpöt00wGif bk&ifcHESifhaumif
atmifqef;u tvkyftrIaqmif q,fvm 0efMuD;wkid yf ifí wm0ef
tzGUJ tm; ,aeY eHeuf 10;00 rS ,laqmif&Guf&rnf/ bk&ifcHESifh
12;00 txd jrefrmEkid if b H &k ifcH aumifq,fvm0efMuD;wkYdu twkid f
qm[l;bwf&efYpfESifh aqG;aEG;cJh& yifc0H efMuD; tzGUJ wGif wifjyoifh
aMumif;? NAdwo d Qtpk;d &u jrefrm onf[, k q
l aom udprö sm;uko d m
EkdifiHbk&ifcHtm; Mum;jzwftpkd;& vQif twkdifyifcH0efMuD;tzGJUokdY
zJUJG pnf;&ef aMuef;f jzifh cGijhf yKaMumif; wifjy&rnf/
bk&ifcHu tpkd;&zGJU&mwGif (i) tpk;d &tzGUJ wGif zqyvtzGUJ
u/ umuG,af &;ESihf Ekid if jH cm;a&; omru ygwDpHk yk*Kd¾ vfpyHk g0ifoifh
Xmeukd twkdifyifcH0efMuD;wpfOD; aMumif;/
tm; vTaJ y;rnfjzpfaMumif;/ jAdwd (p) tpk;d &tzGUJ \ 'kw, d obm
oQygvDrefonf atmufwb dk mv ywd&mxl;ukd AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;
avmufrS usi;f yrnfjzpfí xkt d cg ukd,fwkdif ,lapvkdaMumif;/
wGirf S 0efMuD;Xmeajymif;vGEJ idk rf nf bk&ifcH\ajymMum;csuf
[k arQmv f if&h aMumif;/ umuG,f rsm;ukd zqyvtrIaqmiftzGUJ 0if
a&;ESihf Ekid if jH cm;a&;Xme ukid w f ,G f rsm;u aqG;aEG;Mu&m 'D;'kwOf ;D b
&aom 0efMuD;onf aumifq,f csKu
d zqyvtzGUJ taeESihf bk&if
vm0efMuD;tjzpfomru bk&ifcH cH\tvkyt f rIaqmifaumifpD (0ef
\ twkdifyifcH 0efMuD;tzGJUwGif MuD;tzGUJ ) wGiyf g0if&ef tajccHoJ
'kw,dobmywdtjzpf aqmif vGefp&jyD[k qkd&rnfjzpfaMumif;
&Gu&f rnf jzpfaMumif;/ ajymqko d nf/ xkYdaemuf bk&ifc\ H MuD;) tzGUJ wGif 0ifa&mufa&;ESihf
(c) jAdwo d Qtpd;k &u jrefrmjynf trIaqmifaumifpDwGif zqyv
tpkd;&\ aiGokH;pGJcGifhtmPmrsm; taeESihf ae&mrnfrQawmif;qk&d ef
ukd csKyfcs,x f m;rI avsmah y;rnf ESithf jcm;ygwDrsm;\ oabmxm;
jzpfaMumif;/ ukd awmif;cH&ef aqG;aEG;Muonf/
(*) jrefrmEkid if H bk&ifc\ H vuf uGefjrLepfygwDrS OD;odef;azu
0,f&Sd ADw G t dk mPmukd omreftm; uGejf rLepfygwDonf &mxl; 2 ae
jzifh tokH;jyKrnfr[kwfaMumif;/ &m &oifah Mumif; ajymjyonf/
4 8
«zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSww f rf;(1945-
46) pm 135-137? 21-9-46»
21 pufwifbm 1946 nae 5
em&DcefYwiG f OD;apmonf jrefrmEkid f
iHb&k ifcH qm[l;bwf&efYfpEf iS ahf wGU
qkjH yD; bk&ifct H rd af wmfrS jynfvrf;
twkid ;f um;ESijhf yefvmcJ&h m ajreD
uke;f vrf;qkH t0kid ;f MuD;udk ausmf
vGeí f pdeAf if;qifh ausmif;a&SU
ta&mufwiG f aoewfypfc&H onf/
OD;apm\ vuf0Jbuf rsufvkH;
atmuf yg;txufyidk ;f usnq f ef
&SyfrSefonf/
«'D;'kwf*sme,f wG-J 20? rSw-f 11? pm-
4? 23-9-46»
[Burma Struggle Vol.I: PP 55-
56]
22 pufwifbm 1946 zqyv
trIaqmif txl;tpnf;ta0;
usif;yonf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif
bk&ifc\ H trIaqmifaumifpD (0ef
ywfoufjyD;aqG;aEG;&m bk&ifc\ H tpm; wm0ef,í
trIaqmifaumifpw D iG f zqyvrS
9 OD;0ifa&mufoifah Mumif;? yg0if
rnfyh *k Kd¾vf 7 OD;\ pm&if;ukd bk&if
cHxH wifjy&ef oabmwlMu
onf/ xkYd aemuf tpk;d &tzGUJ zGUJ jyD;
aemuf vkyaf qmif&rnfh a&SUvkyf
ief;pOfrsm;ukd aqG;aEG;Muonf/
uGefjrLepfygwDrS OD;odef;azu
tpk;d &tzGUJ zGUJ vQif 11 ae&m&do S ifh
aMumif;? uGejf rLepfygwDrS 2 ae&m?
qk&d ,S v f pfygwDrS 2 ae&m? Akv d f
csKyaf tmifqef; OD;babyg 6 ae
&m&do S ifah Mumif;aqG;aEG;&m? ocif
jrESihf OD;ausmjf idr;f wkYdu uGejf rLepf
ygwDtaeESihf 2 ae&mawmif;qkd
jcif;rSm w&m;aom awmif;qkcd suf
jzpfaMumif;? zqyvtzGUJ MuD;wGif
ukd,fxdvufa&muf pGrf;pGrf;wrH
aqmif&GufaeMuaom yk*dK¾ vfrsm;
rSm trsm;tm;jzifh uGejf rLepfEiS hf qkd
&S,fvpfygwD0ifrsm; jzpfaMumif;?
qk&d , S v f pfygwDuvnf; 2 ae&m
&xkdufonf[k rdrdwkdYtm; ñTef
Mum;xm;aMumif;/ okdYaomfvnf;
þtcsK;d tpm;wkid ;f ,lvQif wkid ;f
&if;om;vlenf;pkrsm;rSm tpkd;&
tzGUJ wGif yg0ifEidk af wmhrnf r[kwf
aMumif;? okYdtwGuf ygwDpHk yk*Kd¾ vf
pkyH g0ifEidk &f ef ¤if;wkYdu rdrw d YdkygwD
l 0efMuD;wpfae
&mom awmif;qkv d adk Mumif;? uGef
jrLepfygwDtaeESifhvnf; wpfae
&mom ,loifah Mumif; aqG;aEG;&m
oabmwlMuonf/ OD;ode;f azu
rdrw d Ydk uGejf rLepfygwD\ qk;H jzwf
csuu f dk jyifqif&ef rdrüd tcGit hf m

Pmr&dSaMumif;? ygwDESifhjyefvnf
wkdifyif&rnfjzpfaMumif; aqG;aEG;
onf/ xkYd aemuf bk&ifc\ H trI
aqmifaumifpDtm; atmufygtm
Pmrsm;ukd ay;tyf&ef awmif;qkd
aMumif; qk;H jzwfonf/
1/ tpk;d &tzGUJ zGUJ pnf;&ef wm0ef
ukd bk&ifcu H zqyvOuú|tm;
vTtJ yf&rnf/ zqyvOuú| u
vnf; 0efMuD;rsm;a&G;cs,f&mwGif
bk&ifcEH iS hf wkid yf ifí a&G;cs,rf nf/
2/ jrefrmEkid if t H pk;d &tzGUJ aiGo;Hk pGJ
jcif;tmPmukdvnf;aumif;? aiG
aMu;vSJvnfrIpepf MudK;ukdiftm
Pm (Monetary Policy)ukdvnf;
aumif; jAdwo d Qtpk;d &u csKyfuidk f
xm;rIrS y,fzsufay;&rnf/
3/ cRi;f csex f m;aom e,fajra'o
rsm;ESihf jrefrmjynfukd aemifrMum
aom tem*gwfumvwGif vrf;
cif;ay;aom oabmjzifh ¤if;e,f
ajrrsm; tkycf sKyaf &;udpw ö Ydkudk tpk;d
&tzGUJ tm; today;wkid yf if&rnf/
wkdif;&if;om;rsm; cefYxm;EkdiforQ
jrefrmEkid if t
cefYxm;&rnf/
qHa&;XmerS taxGaxG oydwf
«zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSww f rf;(1945- arSmufjcif;ESihf pyfvsO;f í aMunm
46) pm 138-140? 22-9-46»
csufwpf&yf xkwjf yefonf/

Akv
d cf sKyfatmifqef;ESihf jrefrm
EkdifiHbk&ifcH qm[l;bwf&efYpfwkdY
awGUqkHaqG;aEG;onf/
«zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSww f rf;(1945-
46) pm 145? 23-9-46»
«[Hom0wD 4-10-46»
23 pufwifbm 1946 &efuek f
NrdKU uefawmfMuD;apmif; aeol&ed f
½kHMuD;wGif jrefrmjynftpkd;&trI
xrf;aygif;pkH or*¾tzGUJ csKyfMuD;\
aqmfMocsufjzifh tpkd;&trIxrf;
rsm; tpnf;ta0;usi;f yonf/ xkd
tpnf ; ta0;rS oyd w f a rS m uf
aMunmpmwrf;ukd zwfMum;um
jrefrmEkid if w
H pf0rS ;f vk;H &dS tpk;d &trI
xrf;rsm; oydwfarSmufvkduf
aMumif; aMunmonf/
«[Hom0wD 24-9-46»

tpk;d &trIxrf;aygif;pkH oydwf
arSmufonfhtwGuf jrefrmEkdifiH
wGif jynfv;Hk uRwf taxGaxG
oydwfMuD; ay:aygufvmonf/
«[Hom0wD 4-10-46»

H pk;d & jynfoUl quf
«[Hom0wD 23-9-46»
vGwfvyfa&;MudK;yrf;rI&ufpGJorkdif;

zqyvtvkyt f rIaqmiftzGUJ tpnf;ta0;okdY rSefrSefrwufMu
txl;tpnf;ta0;ukd eHeuf 10 aMumif;? rMumrDu (aeYvnf 1
em&DwiG f usi;f y&m tpnf;ta0; em&Du) jyKvyk o f nfh tpnf;ta0;
wGif Akv d cf sKyfatmifqef;u puf ukd wufa&mufjyD; awmif;qkcd suf
wifbm 22 &ufaeYu jrefrmEkid if H rsm;awmif;qkyd gu vufcEH idk af Mumif;?
bk&ifcH qm[l;bwf&efYpEf iS hf bk&if oydwform;rsm; awmif;qkdcsuf
cH\ trIaqmifaumifp0D if a&G; ukd aMueyfavmufatmif raqmif
cs,rf ?I 0efMuD;Xme cGaJ 0rIrsm;aqG; &GuEf idk yf gu zqyvonf bk&if
aEG;cJhonfukd tpD&ifcHonf/ cH\trIaqmifaumifprD S Ekwx f uG f
«zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSww f rf;(1945-
rnf[k aMunmcJhjyD;jzpfaMumif;?
46) pm 141-144? 23-9-46»
uGefjrLepfygwDrS xyfrHawmif;qkd
onfh tcsuo f ;Hk csuu f dk bk&ifcH

zqyvtvkyt f rIaqmiftzGUJ
okYx
d yfrH rawmif;qkv d adk wmhaMumif;?
txl;tpnf;ta0;ukd 18; 00 em
þtwkid ;f oabmrwlí bk&ifcH
&DwiG f usi;f yonf/ tpnf;ta0;
\trIaqmifaumifpDwGif ryg0if
wGif Akv d cf sKyfatmifqef;\ puf
vkyd gu tjcm;wpfO;D OD;tm; ay;&
wifbm 23 &ufaeY aeYvnf 1 vdrrhf nf jzpfaMumif; ajymMum;
em&Du jrefrmEkid if b H &k ifcH qm[l; onf/ aemufq;Hk wGif uGejf rLepf
bwf&efYpEf iS hf bk&ifc\ H trIaqmif
ygwDu awmif;qkcd suf ok;H csuf
aumifp0D if a&G;cs,fr?I XmecGaJ 0 ESihf ywfoufí r&aomfvnf;
rIqidk &f m tpD&ifccH suu f dk aqG;aEG;
tpk;d &tzGUJ wGif 0efMuD; wpfae&m
okH;oyfMu&m uGefjrLepfygwDrS &,lvadk Mumif;? pku d yf sKd;a&;Xmeukd
ocifoef;xGef;u &mxl;ukdvuf vkcd siaf Mumif;? xkad e&mukd OD;ode;f
rcHrD bk&ifcx H H tvkyo f rm;ta&; aztm; &mxm;aMumif;? uGejf rLepf
ESihf jynfoUl vGwv f yfciG rhf sm;ay;&ef ygwDonf tpk;d &tzGUJ ukd ulnD
awmif;qk&d ef wifjy&m Akv d cf sKyf onfhtaejzifh vlxkwkdufyGJrsm;
atmifqef;u awmif;qkdcsufrsm; qufvufqifETJrnfjzpfaMumif;
wpfrsKd;jyD;wpfrsKd; rawmif;qko d ifh ajymMum;onf/ AkdvfcsKyfatmif
aMumif;? uGefjrLepfygwD0ifrsm; qef;u tpk;d &tzGUJ ukd ulnt D m;
onf zqyvtvkyftrIaqmif ay;vkyd gu vlxw k u dk yf rJG sm;ukd
49
ausmfNidrf;
uGejf rLepf qk&d , S vf pf wpfnw D pf
nGwfwnf; aqmif&Gufrnfqkdyg
u rdro d abmwlaMumif;? tqkyd g
ESpyf gwD y#dyu©jzpfygu zqyv
taeESihf aphpyfay;&efrmS rvG,f
ulaMumif; tpkd;&tzGJUtaeESifhrl
ykrd cdk ufcrJ nfjzpfaMumif; ajymMum;
onf/
«zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSww f rf;(1945-
46) pm 145-8? 23-9-46»
25 pufwifbm 1946 jrefrm
Ekid if v
H ;Hk qkid &f m u&iftrsKd;om;
tzGUJ csKyfOuú| bke;f awmfMuD; OD;
yPÖ0o H onf eHeuf 10; 30 wGif
&efuek Nf rdKU tqkyd gtzGUJ csKyf½;Hk wnf
&m XmewGif avjzwfa&m*gjzifh ysH
vGefawmfrlonf/
«jrefrmhtvif; 27-9-46»
26 pufwifbm 1946 &efukef
jrdKU wm0gvdr;f vrf; (,ckAv dk cf sKyf
atmifqef;jywkdufvrf;) trSwf
25 &dS Akv
d cf sKyaf tmifqef;\aetdrf
wGif owif;pmq&mrsm; tpnf;
ta0;usif;yonf/ zqyvtzGJU
csKyf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL; OD;
ausmfjidr;f u bk&ifc\ H trIaqmif
aumifpD (tpk;d &tzGUJ ) wGif yg0if
&ef tcsKUd ygwDrsm;ESihf XmecGaJ 0a&;
udprö sm; qufvufaqGG;aEG;aeqJ
5 0
jzpfí bk&ifcH\trIaqmifaumif
pDpm&if;ukd n 7;00 em&DcefYroS m
xkwfjyefEkdifrnfjzpfaMumif; ajym
Mum;onf/
«jrefrmhtvif; 27-9-46»

zqyvtzGUJ csKyf\ xkwjf yef
csuu f dk 18; 15 em&DwiG f owif;
axmufrsm;udk xkwjf yefonf/ xkd
owif;xkwjf yefcsuw f iG f zqyv
tzGUJ csKyf Ouú|onf tzGUJ csKyf\
tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU\ qkH;jzwf
csut f & jrefrmEkid if b
H &k ifc\H trI
aqmifaumifprD S zGUJ pnf;rnf]h ]Mum;
jzwftpk;d &tzGUJ }}wGif 'kw, d obm
ywdtjzpfvnf;aumif;? bk&ifcH
\trIaqmifaumifpDwGif aumif
q,fvm0efMuD;tjzpf yg0if&ef
vufcHvkdufjyDjzpfaMumif;? Mum;
jzwf tpkd;&tzGJUwGif yg0ifrnfh
yk*¾dKvfrsm;\ trnfpm&if;ukd
vnf; wifjyvku d jf yD jzpfaMumif;?
xku d o hJ Ydk zqyvtzGUJ csKyftaeESihf
bk&ifcH\trIaqmifaumifpDwGif
vnf;aumif;? tqkdygaumifpDrS
zGUJ onfh Mum;jzwftpk;d &wGiv f nf;
aumif;yg0if&ef qkH;jzwfcsrSwf
vkdufonfh t&if;cHtaMumif;wkdY
rSm zqyvtzGUJ csKyfEiS hf NAdwo d Q
tpkd;&wkdY aphpyfrIysufjym;cJhonfh
tcsed rf pS í wkid ;f jynftajctaerSm Mum;jzwftpkd;&tzGJUwGif vnf;
qk;d &Gm;aom *,uf½u dk rf rI sm; wk;d aumif; yg0ifrnf jzpfaMumif;?
wufvmcJah Mumif;? bk&ifc\ H Mum; Mum;jzwftpkd;&tzGJUonf trsKd;
jzwftpkd;&zGJUpnf;a&; urf;vSrf; om;vGwv f yfa&;ukd ykrd pkd w
d cf svQif
csurf sm; &&dcS &hJ m vufcEH idk af vmuf jrefpmG &,laprnfjzpfaom Ekid if H
aom tcsurf sm; yg&daS Mumif;? yx a&;tajctaersm;udk zefwD;&ef
rtcsufrSm tzGJUcsKyf\Ouú|tm; tm;xkwyf grnf[k uwdjyKaMumif;
bk&ifcH\trIaqmifaumifpDwGif yg&dSonf/
aumifq,fvm 0efMuD;tjzpfESifh «[Hom0wD 27-9-46»
umuG,fa&;ESifh jynfya&;&mXme «jrefrmhtvif; 27-9-46»
wkYd udk ukid w f ,G &f rnfjzpfonfom
ru Mum;jzwftpk;d &tzGUJ \ 'kwd
a&0ef oydwaf rSmuf&mwGif
, obmywdtjzpf aqmif&u G cf iG hf use&f pfcahJ om ukewf ifuek cf s pwD
&&daS Mumif;? cRi;f cseaf om e,fy,f AD't
dk vkyo f rm; 1500 ausmw f Yk d
a'orsm; tkycf sKyfa&;ukd bk&ifcH onf taxGaxGoydwu f dk ulnD
ukd,fwkdif ukd,fwG,frnfrSefaomf aomtm;jzifh oydwaf rSmufonf/
vnf; tpkd;&tzGJUESifhwkdifyifrnf «[Hom0wD 27-9-46»
jzpfjyD; tkycf sKyfa&;wGif jrefrmrsm;
wwfEidk o f rQ yg0ifatmif pDpOfay; 27 pufwifbm 1946 jrefrm
ygrnf[al om bk&ifc\ H urf;vSr;f EkdifiHbk&ifcH qm[l;bwf&efYpf\
csuaf Mumifh vnf;aumif;? wwd trIaqmifaumifpDukd atmufyg
,tcsufrSm Mum;jzwftpkd;&tzGJU yk*K¾ dvfrsm;ESifh zGJUpnf;aMumif;aMu
0ifrsm;onf uwfbed yf0efMuD;rsm; nmonf/
tzGJUtaeESifh aqmif&GufcGifh&rnf 1/ OD;atmifqef; (zqyv)
jzpfjyD; bk&ifco H nf ADwG tdk mPmukd 'kwd,Ouú|? umuG,fa&;ESifh
omreftm;jzifh tokH;jyKvdrfhrnf jynfya&;&mXme
r[kwf [laom tcsuyf ifjzpf 2/ ocifjr (zqyv)(qk&d , S vf pf)
aMumif;? tqkyd gtcsurf sm;aMumifh jynfxJa&;ESifhw&m;a&;&mXme
rdrw d YkdtzGUJ csKyfonf bk&ifc\ H trI 3/ OD;bab (zqyv)
aqmifaumifpDwGifvnf;aumif;? ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;ESihf axmuf
yHha&;Xme

4/ OD;ode;f az (zqyv)(Auy)
v,f,mpku d yf sK;d a&;ESihf aus;vuf
pD;yGm;a&;Xme
5/ ref;bckid f (zqyv)
pufrIvufrIESifh tvkyform;Xme
6/ OD;atmifZaH 0 (zqyv)
vIrI0efxrf;Xme
7/ OD;apm (rsK;d cspyf gwD)
ynma&;ESihf trsKd;om;pDru H ed ;f
Xme
8/ OD;wifx#G f (wpfo;D yk*v ¾ )
b@ma&;ESifhtcGefawmfXme
9/ ocifApde(f wkYdArmtpnf;t½k;H )
o,f,lykdYaqmifa&;ESifh vrf;yef;
qufoG,fa&;
10/ u&iftrsKd;om;wpfOD;
11/ - - - - - -
[New Time of Burma 27-9-46]
«jrefrmhtvif; 27-9-46»

eHeuf 10 em&DwiG f Akv
d cf sKyf a
atmifqef;\ aetdrüf owif;pm
q&mrsm;tm; zdwaf c:í avm
avmavmq,f ta&;wMuD;ajz
&Si;f &rnf jyóemrSm oydwjf yó
emESihf jynfoUl vGwv f yfrjI yóem
yifjzpfaMumif;? jrefrmpD;yGm;a&;jyef
vnfxal xmifa&;ESihf aemuf 6 v
twGi;f vGwv f yfaoma&G;aumuf
yGJ usi;f yrnfjzpfaMumif; &Si;f vif;
vGwfvyfa&;MudK;yrf;rI&ufpGJorkdif;
ajymMum;onf/ ESifhpyfvsOf;í toHvTifhajymMum; aMu;eef;qufoG,fa&; 650
«jrefrmhtvif; 28-9-46» &mwGif jrefrmEkid if aH &;acgif;aqmif a&0eftvkyform; 13000
rsm;tm; cs;D usL;jyD; tpk;d &tzGUJ opf &efukefpnfyif 2000

Akv d cf sKyfatmifqef;? ocifEEk iS hf jzpfxeG ;f ay:aygufvma&; aqmif tpkd;&ykHESdyfwkduf 680
Akv
d cf sKyfatmifqef;\ tyg;awmf &GufrIrsm;tm; jrefrmjynfolwpf pkpkaygif; 26330
NrJ Akv d x f eG ;f vSwYdk &efuek af q;½kH&yfvkH;u tm;ay;,kHMunfukd;pm; tjcm;oydwaf rSmuf ae&m
MuD;wGif wufa&mufaq;ukoae &ef wku d wf eG ;f onf/ rsm;wGif oydwo f m; tiftm;rSm
aom rsKd;cspftzGJUacgif;aqmifESifh «jrefrmhtvif; 28-9-46» 82000 ausmf&o Sd nf/
bk&ifcH\trIaqmifaumifpD0if «[Hom0wD 29-9-46»
(0efMuD;) OD;apmtm; oGm;a&muf
zqyvtzGJUcsKyf tvkyftrI «'*kefr*¾Zif; Ek0d ifbm? 1946? pm76»
Munf½h u I m a&m*gtajctae ar; aqmiftzGJU txl;tpnf;ta0;
jref;tm;ay;onf/ usif;y&m AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;u
jrefrmEkid if H bk&ifc\
H trI
«jrefrmhtvif; 28-9-46» Ouú|jzpfaomrdrod nf tpk;d &tzGUJ aqmifaumifpD0ifrsm; (0efMuD;
wGif tvkyfrsm;aernfjzpfojzifh rsm;) jzpfMuonfh Adv k cf sKyfatmif

qif;&Jom;tzGJU trIaqmif 'kwd,Ouú|&mxl;udk wDxGifum qef;? OD;bab? ocifjr? OD;ode;f
tpnf;ta0;usif;y&m bk&ifc\ H xkad e&mwGif ocifEt k m; cefYxm; az? OD;atmifZaH 0? ocifApdeEf iS hf
trIaqmifaumifpw D iG f rdrwd YdktzGUJ &ef wifjy&m trsm;oabmwlMu OD;wifxG#fwkdY usrf;opömusdefqkd
taeESihf &mxl;r,l&ef pufwif onf/ onf/
bm 24 u csrw S cf ahJ om qk;H jzwf «[Hom0wD 2-10-46» «[Hom0wD 29-9-46»
csuu f dk jyifqif&ef taMumif;r&dS «zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSww f rf;(1945- «jrefrmhtvif; 30-9-46»
aMumif; xyfrq H ;Hk jzwfí tu,f 46) pm 155? 27-9-46»
í &mxl;,loifo h nf[k qk;H jzwf
jynfolUtmPm *sme,fwGif
ygu pufwifbm 22 uqk;H jzwf 28 pufwifbm 1946 &efukef bk&ifct H rIaqmifaumifpD topf
cJhonfhtwkdif; a'gufwmbarmf jrdKU uefawmfrifyef;NcH (,ckuef zGUJ pnf;onfu h pd Eö iS hf pyfvsOf;í
tm; &mxl;vufc&H ef yk*Kd¾ vfa&G; awmfr*Fvmyef;NcH)wGif oydwf jrefrmjynfueG jf rLepfygwD aygvpf
cs,af &;ukd tmPmukev JT yfrnf arSmufxm;aom tpkd;&vcpm;
f t AsL½ktd zGUJ \ aMunmcsuu f dk xkwf
[k qk;H jzwfonf/ trIxrf;rsm;\ vlxktiftm;jyyGJ jyefonf/
«jrefrmhtvif; 28-9-46» ukd usi;f yonf/ oydwaf rSmufchJ «jynfolUtmPm*sme,f wG-J 2/ rSw-f
onfh 6 &uftwGi;f tiftm;rSm 20/ 28-9-46»

jrefrmEki H &k ifcH qm[l;bwf ½kH;pma&;pmcsDrsm;
d if b 5000
&efYpu f jrefrmjynftpk;d &tzGUJ opf rD;&xm;tvkyform; 5000
51
ausmfNidrf;
29 pufwifbm 1946 AkdvfcsKyf
atmifqef;ESifh tpkd;&tzGJU0ifrsm;
jzpfMuaom AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;?
OD;bab? OD;ode;f azwkYd OD;aqmif
í &efuek Nf rdKU uefawmfrifyef;NcH
,ck uefawmfr*Fvmyef;NcHwGif
puúLjzLpmwrf; zsufodrf;ay;&ef
vlxkqE´jyyGJusif;yí awmif;qkd
onf/
«[Hom0wD 1-10-46»
30 pufwifbm 1946 Akv d cf sKyf
atmifqef;acgif;aqmifonfh tpk;d
&tzGJUonf oydwfarSmufacgif;
aqmifrsm; jzpfMuonfh OD;0rf;
armif? OD;at;? pmwku d of ydwrf S
OD;xGe;f ? rD;&xm;rS rpöwmbm;e'f?
aMu;eef;rS OD;atmifcifrS a&0efrS
OD;pHvGifwkdYESifh aqG;aEG;onf/
«jrefrmhtvif; 1-10-46»
5 2
atmuf w k d b mv
1 atmufwkdbm 1946 bk&ifcH
\trIaqmifaumifp0D if ESpOf ;D jzpf
onfh qmarmifMuD; (jynfoUl vkyf
ief;ESihf jyefvnfxal xmifa&;Xme)
ESihf ref;bckid w
f Ydk usrf;opömusdef
qkdonf/
«[Hom0wD 4-10-46»
[Burma Struggle Vol.I: P 7]
2 atmufwkdbm 1946 Akv d cf sKyf
atmifqef;u owif;pmq&mrsm;
ESihf awGUqkí
H tpk;d &ESihf oydwf
toD;oD;rS uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm; aph
pyfa&; atmifjrifomG ;jyD[k ajym
Mum;onf/
«[Hom0wD 3-10-46»
3 atmufwkdbm 1946 jrefrm
Ekid if t
H pk;d &tzGUJ oydwu f pd Eö iS yhf wf
oufí aMunmcsufwpf&yfxw
jyef&m tqkdygaMunmcsufwGif
oydwform;rsm; awmif;qkdonfh
tcGit hf a&;rsm;ukd tpk;d &ESio
uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm; tao;pdwaf qG;
aEG; oabmwljyDjzpfaMumif;? trI
xrf;t&mxrf;rsm; &oifh&xkduf
aomtcGit hf a&;rsm;udk vku d af vsm
rnfjzpfaMumif;? xkYdaMumifh oydwf
om;rsm; atmufwb dk m 4 &ufaeY
rSpwifí tvkyfjyef0ifMurnf[k jrefrmEkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m trsKd;orD;
arQmv f ifah Mumif; azmfjyxm;onf/ vGwfvyfa&;tzGJUcsKyf[lí vnf;
«[Hom0wD 4-10-46» aumif;? jrefrmjynf vGwv f yfa&;
trsKd;orD;tzGUJ csKyf (tpnf;t½k;H )
4 atmufwkdbm 1946 ykvdyf [lí vnf;aumif;? &dSMuonhf
trIxrf;rsm; or*¾ oydwv f eS f teuf jrefrmwkid ;f vk;H qkid &f m trsK;d
onf/ orD;vGwv f yfa&;tzGUJ csKyfu ¤if;
«[Hom0wD 5-10-46» wkYdonf Ekid if aH &;rygaom vlraI &;
vkyfief;om aqmif&Gufrnf[k
5 atmufwkdbm 1946 pmwkduf aMunmojzifh zqyvtzGJUu
trIxrf;rsm; oydwfvSefonf/ jrefrmjynfvw G v f yfa&; trsK;d orD;
«[Hom0wD 5-10-46» tzGUJ csKyfudk ,m,DtodtrSwjf yKcJh
onht f jyif trsK;d orD;tzGUJ csKyw f pf

jrefrmjynfue G jf rLepfygwD ay: ckjzpfvmatmif ulnDtm;ay;rnf
vpfAsL½ktd zGUJ 0if ocifoef;jrdKifu [k aMunmcJo h nf/ xkt d awm
jynfolUtmPm*sme,fwGif ]]o twGi;f jrefrmwkid ;f vk;H qkid &f m trsK;d
ydwfta&;awmfykHMuD;ESifh e,fcsJU orD;tzGJUcsKyfrS cGJxGufvmaom
orm;wkYd\ rsuv f n
S jhf yyGMJ uD;} jrefrmEkid if H trsK;d orD; uGeu f &uf
aqmif;yg;udk a&;om;onf/ wpfcak y:vmjyD; zqyvokYd quf
«kjynfolUtmPm*sme,f wG-J 2/ rSw-f
21/ 5-10-46» oG,&f ef cGiahf wmif;onf/ þ
tajctaewGif pifjyKdiftzGJUESpfzGJU
k f
6 atmufwkdbm 1946 pnfyif ukd wpfzUJG wnf;jzpfatmif zqyv
om,m½kH trIxrf;rsm; 7 atmuf u aphpyfay;&rnf/ aphpyfr&vQif
hf ydwf wkb d mwGif tvkyjf yef0if&ef aMu wGJbufzGJUay;&rnf/ xkdYokdY wGJ
nmcsuf xkwjf yefonf/ buf rzGUJ pnf;rjyD;rD jrefrmvGwf
«[Hom0wD 6-10-46» vyfa&; trsKd;orD;tzGJUcsKyfonf
zqyvtodtrSwjf yKonfh wpfck

zqyvtzGUJ csKyfu trsK;d orD; wnf;aom tzGUJ csKyt f jzpf wnf&Sd
tzGJUtpnf;ESpfckESifh ywfoufí rnf/
oabmxm;ukd xkwfjyefonf/ «[Hom0wD 6-10-46»


&efuek jf rdKU uk,d rhf if;uk,
d chf sif;
vrf; trSwf 8 zqyvtzGUJ csKyf
wGif tvkyftrIaqmif tpnf;
ta0;usif;y&m tpnf;ta0;okdY
Ouú| Akv d cf sKyfatmifqef;? OD;b
ab? ocifjr? OD;bcsK?d ref;bckid ?f
OD;A*sr;f ? ocifEk 'kw, d Ouú|? o
cif{wif? OD;odef;az wGJzuf
twGi;f a&;rSL;ESihf OD;ausmjf idr;f
taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; wkdYwuf
a&mufonf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif
29 pufwifbmvxkwf jynfoUl
tmPm*se,fwiG f ygaom uGejf rL
epfygwDaMunmcsuEf iS hf 5 atmuf
wkb d mvxkwf jynfoUl tmPm*sm
e,fwiG yf gaom ocifoef;jrdKif\
e,fcsJUorm;wkdY\ rsufvSnfhjyyGJ
MuD; acgif;pOfyg aqmif;yg;wkYd EiS hf
pyfvsOf;í aqG;aEG;MujyD;aemuf
uGejf rLepfygwDu jynfoUl tmPm
*sme,f 2 apmifwiG yf gaom aMu
nmcsuEf iS hf aqmif;yg;yg a&;om;
csuEf iS hf ywfoufí 3 &uftwGi;f
0efcs&ef awmif;qkdoifhaMumif;
qk;H jzwfonf/ tu,fí 0efcs
rawmif;yefygu uGefjrLepfygwD
tm; zqyvrS xkwyf ,f&eftaxG
axGtwGi;f a&;rSL; OD;ausmfjidr;f \
tqku d dk qufvufpOf;pm;&ef o
abmwlonf/
«zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSww
f rf;(1945-
46) pm¿ 6-10-46»
7 atmufwkdbm 1946 ,k;d '
,m;tpkd;&okdY ,kd;',m;-jrefrm
rD;&xm;vrf;ukd aygif 15 oef;
jzihf a&mif;cs&ef jAdwo
d Qtpd;k &u
oabmwlonf/
«jrefrmhtvif; 8-10-46»

&efuek t f a&;ykid uf 5 pufwif
bmvu xkwjf yefxm;aom ae
0ifr;D jidr;f trdeYf udk ½kwo
f rd ;f onf/
«[Hom0wD 8-10-46»

oydwaf ygif;pkH wpfjydKifwnf;
vSefonf/
«[Hom0wD 8-10-46»
9 atmufwkdbm 1946 zqyv
tzGJUcsKyfu jrefrmjynfuGefjrLepf
ygwDoYdk taMumif;Mum;pm ay;ykYd
onf/ tqkyd gpmwGif 29-9-46
ESihf 5-10-46 aeYxw k f jynfoUl
tmPm*sme,fwiG f ygaom a&;
om;xm;csufrsm;ESifh ywfoufí
jrefrmjynfueG jf rLepfygwDrS zqy
vtm; awmif;yefaMumif; owif;
pmrS aMunm&efEiS hf uGejf rLepfyg
wD\ jyefMum;csuu f dk atmufwdk
bm 10 &ufaeY aeYvnf 12 em&D
vGwfvyfa&;MudK;yrf;rI&ufpGJorkdif;
wGiu f sif;yrnfh zqyvtrI ukd jyefvnf½w k of rd ;f rnf r[kwf
aqmif tpnf;ta0;okYd tcsed rf D aMumif;? txufygtajctaeESifh
ay;ykdY&ef azmfjyxm;onf/ ywfoufí jzpfay:aeaom Ekid if H
«[Hom0wD 12-10-46» a&;tajc taetm;vkH;ukd jyef
vnfpOf;pm;&ef zqyvOD;pD;tzGUJ

zqyvtzGUJ csKyu f 'kw, d tpnf;ta0; tjrefqkH;ac:&ef
Ouú| ocifEktm; jrefrmjynf wkdufwGef;aMumif;? azmfjyxm;
vGwfvyfa&; trsKd;orD;tzGJUcsKyf onf/
ESihf jrefrmEkid if H trsKd;orD;uGeu f «[Hom0wD 12-10-46»
&ufwYdk wGzJ ufaumfrwDzUJG pnf;ay;
&ef wm0efay;tyfonf/
zqyv tvkyt f rIaqmif
«[Hom0wD 9-10-46» tpnf;ta0;ukd aeYvnf 1 em&D
«zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSww f rf;(1945- wGif zqyvXmecsKyfü usi;f y&m
46) pm 157-8/ 5-10-46» Ouú| Akv d cf sKyfatmifqef; uGejf rL
epfygwD\ jyefMum;pmukd zwf
10 atmufwkdbm 1946 jrefrm Mum;jyonf/ uGefjrLepfygwD\
jynfuGefjrLepfygwDu zqyv jyefMum;pmt& jzpfay:vmaom
tzGUJ csKyo f Ydk jyefMum;pm ay;ykYd tajctaewGif jrefrmjynfueG jf rL
onf/ xkpd mwGif zqyvtzGUJ csKyf epfygwDudk zqyvrS xkwyf ,f&ef
onf uk, d yf idk 0f g'toD;oD;&daS om oabmwl qk;H jzwfvu dk Mf uonf/
Ekid if aH &;ygwDrsm; pkaygif;xm;jcif; «zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSww f rf;(1945-
jzpfaMumif;? xkYdaMumift h zGUJ tpnf; 46) pm¿ 12-10-46»
toD;oD;wGif oD;jcm;vGwfvyfrI
&daS Mumif;? jynfoUl tmPm*sme,f
zqyvtzGUJ csKyfu owif;pm
yg a&;om;csurf sm;onf uGejf rL &Si;f vif;yGu J dk n 8 em&DwiG f usi;f
epfygwD\ rw&m;pGypf cJG su[ f k qkd yjyKvyk &f m 'kw, d Ouú| ocifEu k
vQif jyefvnfacsyEkid af Mumif;? jyef zqyvtzGUJ csKyfMuD;rS jrefrmjynf
vnfacsyjcif;rjyKbJ 0efcsawmif; uGefjrLepfygwDtm; tzGJUvkduf
yef&rnf qkdonfrSm 'Drkdua&pD xkwfy,fvkdufaMumif; aMunm
tpOftvmESihf qefYusiaf eaMumif;? csut f rSwf 10 ukd zwfMum;&Si;f
xkYd aMumifh tqkyd g a&;om;rIrsm; vif;onf/
53
ausmfNidrf;
«EkdifiHa&;&Sif;yGJ &efuek /f zqyvykEH ydS /f
ykEH ydS cf ek pfrod/ pm 2/ aemifu;dk um;vQif
EkdifiHa&;&Sif;yGJ[kñTef;rnf»
11 atmufwkdbm 1946 zqy
v tvkyt f rIaqmif txl;tpnf;
ta0;usif;y&m tpnf;ta0;wGif
Akv
d cf sKyfatmifqef;\ tpk;d &tzGUJ
rS Ekwx f u G pf m (uGejf rLepfygwD
tm; zqyvrS xkwyf ,fvu dk o f
jzifh vlxv k yk if ef;udk ¤if;uk,
d w
MuD;Muyf aqmif&Gufoifhonf[k
xifjrifojzifh tpk;d &tzGUJ rS Ekwf
xGuaf Mumif; bk&ifcx H v
H yd rf wI yf
í a&;om;xm;aompm) ukd pOf;
pm;Muonf/ xkdYaemuf vuf&dS
tajctaet& tpk;d &tzGUJ rS Ekwf
xGu&f ef roifah wmfaMumif; trsm;
oabmwl qkH;jzwfonf/ xkdY
aemuf uGejf rLepfygwDtm; zqy
vrS xkwfy,fvkduf&jcif;aMumifh
uGejf rLepfygwDacgif;aqmif OD;ode;f
aztm; tpk;d &tzGUJ rS xkwyf ,f&ef
oifrh oifh aqG;aEG;Muonf/ t
jyeftvSef aqG;aEG;MujyD;aemuf OD;
ode;f aztm; tpk;d &tzGUJ rS xkwf
y,f&ef bk&ifct H m; awmif;qk&d ef
oabmwlMuonf/
«zqyvtpnf;ta0;rSww f rf;(1945-
46) pm ¿/ 11-10-46»
5 4
12 atmufwkdbm 1946 uGefjrL
epfygwDXmecsKyfwiG f uGejf rLepfyg
wDacgif;aqmif ocifoef;xGe;f u
&efukefjrdKUay:&dS owif;pmwkduf
toD;oD;rS owif;pmq&mrsm;
tm; zdwMf um;í zqyvrS uGejf rL
epfygwDtm; xkwfy,fvkdufaom
udpEö iS hf pyfvsOf;í acsy&Si;f vif;
onf/ ocifoef;xGe;f u ]]wnf
aqmufay;cJw h hJ nDnw
G af &; trsK;d
f idk f om;wyfaygif;pkMuD; z½kzd &Jjzpfwm
0rf;enf;ygw,f}} [kajymMum;jyD;
vQif
1/ zqyvrS uGejf rLepfygwDudk
xkwfy,fvkdufjcif;rSm rw&m;/
2/ tvkyo f rm;wkYd\ taxGaxG
oydwfMuD;ukd jzdKcGJzsufqD;jcif;/
3/ zqyvESihf uGejf rLepfujJG cif;
onf t*FvdyftMudKufjzpfjcif;/
4/ zqyvonf ygwDwpfcw k nf;
taeESifhom wnf&dSawmhjcif;/
5/ uGejf rLepfygwD\ a&SUokYd vkyf
ief;pOfrsm;paom tcsuf (5) csuf
udk zdwjf yí &Si;f vif;onf/ xkYd
aemuf tpkd;&tzGJUzGJUpnf;a&;ESifh
&mxl;,la&;wGif uGefjrLepfygwD
u 0efMuD; ESpfae&m&onfhwkdif
atmif ¤if;rygaMumif; ajymMum;
onf/
«[Hom0wD 13-10-46»

rsK;d cspyf gwDacgif;aqmif OD;apm 14 atmufwkdbm 1946 jrefrm
&efukefaq;½kHMuD;rS qif;onf/ Ekid if v
H ;Hk qkid &f m vli,frsm;tpnf;
«[Hom0wD 15-10-46» t½k;H Ouú| OD;A*sr;f u 14-10-46
A-v-p A[kdtrIaqmiftpnf;
13 atmufwkdbm 1946 tar ta0;rS csrw S af om ausnmcsuf
&duefEkdifiH qefz&efppöukdjrdKUwGif onf zqyvtvkyftrIaqmif
tar&duefwyfrawmfMuD;\ q| tzGUJ \ qk;H jzwfcsuu f dk tjypfwif
r wyfrLS ;a[mif; touf 63 ESpf onfjzpfí ¤if;onf zqyvtrI
&dS 'kw, d Akv d cf sKyfMuD; *sK;d ZufpwD; aqmiftzGJU0ifwpfOD; jzpfaeonf
0Jv(f Ade*D g;*sK;d ) tonf;a&m*gjzifh omru zqyvrS uGejf rLepfygwD
uG,fvGefonf/ ukd xkwyf ,f&eftpnf;ta0;wGif
«[Hom0wD 16-10-46» yg0ifqkH;jzwfoljzpfonfhtwkdif;
rdr\ d *kPo f u d m© ukd apmifo h ½d adk o

zqyvtzGJUcsKyf taxGaxG
aomtm;jzifh A-v-ptpnf;t½k;H
twGi;f a&;rSL; OD;ausmjf idr;f u jref Ouú|tjzpfrS Ekwx f u G pf mukd A-
rmjynfueG jf rLepfygwDudk zqyv v-p trIaqmiftzGUJ okYd wifoiG ;f
rS xkwv f u dk jf yD; jzpfojzifh jrefrm onf/
jynfuGefjrLepfygwDtzGJU0ifrsm; z «[Hom0wD 17-10-46»
qyvA[kOd ;D pD;tzGUJ rS vGí J usef
c½kdif? jrdKUe,faus;&Gm OD;pD;tzGJU 15 ESihf 16 atmufwb dk m 1946
tvkyt f rIaqmiftzGUJ ESihf zqyv &efuek jf rdKU 37 vrf;ESihf 'gv[kZd D
\ tjcm;wm0efct H oD;oD;rS csuf vrf;(r[mAE¨Kvvrf;) axmifh&dS
csif;Ekwx f u G af y;&rnfjzpfaMumif; rpöupG w f u dk af [mif;wGif jrefrmEkid f
ñTefMum;csuf xkwfjyefonf/ iHvkH;qkdif&m qif;&Jom;0HomEk
«[Hom0wD 13-10-46» tzGUJ acgif;aqmifrsm; tpnf;ta0;
usif;yjyD; r[mArmtzGUJ MuD; jyef

jrefrmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDu
vnfxlaxmif&ef qkH;jzwfonf/
aMunmcsufwpfaqmif xkwfjyef tawmif 9 awmifyg a'gif;eDjc,f
í zqyvukd wkeYf jyefwu dk cf u
dk f t0gatmifvHukd r[mArmtvH
onf/ tjzpfa&G;cs,fonf/ xkdYaemuf
«[Hom0wD 13-10-46»
 vGwfvyfa&;MudK;yrf;rI&ufpGJorkdif;
r[mArmtzGJU\ vkyfief;pOfrsm;
zqyvtzGUJ csKyfu owif;pm tacsmiform;ygwDu wpfzufEiS hf 19 atmufwkdbm 1946 v,f
tjzpf r[mArmvGwaf wmf? om q&mrsm;tpnf;ta0;udk usif;y tMuD;tus,f *kP d ;f uGaJ ejyD; þ ,mpku d yf sK;d a&;ESihf aus;vufp;D yGm;
oema&;ESifh v,form;ta&;wkdY í taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; OD; okYd þokYd jAdwo
d QMoZmcH vuf a&;0efMuD; OD;ode;f az (pma&;q&m
ukd aMunmonf/ ausmfjidr;f u 0rf;omp&mpum;u ,mtacsmiform; *kdPf;uGJrIjzpf wufbek ;f MuD;ode;f az) onf o
«[Hom0wD 16-10-46^18-10-46» awmh,aeYtpk;d &tzGUJ tpnf;ta0; jcif;onf &mxl;ta0rwnfah om wif;pmq&mrsm;tm; ¤if;\½k;H cef;
usi;f yjyD;aemuf rw&m;toif;vkYd aMumifh jzpfonf[k yg&do S nf/ okYd zdwMf um;í puFmyl&u d m© uGef
16 atmufwkdbm 1946 jrefrm ausnmxm;wJh ocifp;dk &Jh tvHeD «[Hom0wD 17-10-46» z&ifo h Ydk wufa&mufcyhJ EHk iS ?hf uGef
Ekid if b
H &k ifcH qm[l;bwf&efYpt f rd f or*¾toif;udk tpk;d &ujyefvnf jrLepfygwDEiS hf Ekid if aH &;&mtjzmjzm
awmfwGif bk&ifcH\trIaqmif ½kwfodrf;vkdufaMumif;? ocifpkd;&Jh
zqyvtzGUJ csKyfu owif;pm ukd &Si;f vif;ajymMum;onf/ ¤if;
tzGJUtpnf;ta0; usif;yonf/ tvHeDor*¾toif;[m w&m;0if q&mrsm; tpnf;ta0; usif;y u Akv d cf sKyfatmifqef;u rvkcd sif
uGefjrLepfygwD (jrefrmjynf)ESifh jzpfoGm;jyDjzpfaMumif;? qufvuf onf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif owif; bl;qkv d Qif bk&ifc\ H trIaqmift
tvHev D ,form;or*¾? ¤if;wkYd\ í oydwx f m;olrsm;udk zrf;qD; pmq&mrsm;u zqyvtvkyt f rI zGUJ (tpk;d &tzGUJ ) rS Ekwx f uG &f ef
aumfrwD qyfaumfrwDEiS hf toif; onfhudpEö Sifhywfoufí OD;ausmf aqmiftzGUJ wGif uGejf rLepfygwDudk tqifhoifh&dSaMumif; ajymMum;
cGrJ sm;tm; rw&m;toif;aMunm jidr;f u ¤if;wkYd onf rD;ESprf ;D (uGef xkwyf pf&ef tmPm&drS &dS ar;jref; onf/
xm;jcif;rS y,fzsu&f ef oabmwl jrLepfr;D ESihf jAL½ku d &ufr;D ) Mum; &m zqyvtzGUJ csKyf 'kw, d Ouú| «[Hom0wD 21-10-46»
onf/ xkjd yif Akv d cf sKyMf uD;pwD;0Jvf jzpfae&aMumif;? uGefjrLepfu ocifEku tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJU
uG,v f eG o
f nfudk 0rf;enf;aMumif; vnf;oydwfwm;? jAL½kdu&ufu wGif tmPm&do S ifo
h avmuf &dyS g 20 atmufwkdbm 1946 &efukef
tar&duef aumifppf0efcsKyf½;Hk okYd vnf; rzrf;zkYd ajym;xm;wJMh um;u aMumif;? trIaqmiftzGUJ qk;H jzwf jrdKUuefawmfr*Fvmyef;jcHwiG f qif;
o0PfvmT ay;ykYd &ef oabmwl zrf;aeMumif; ajymMum;&Sif;vif; csuu f dk A[kOd ;D pD;tzGUJ uomtwnf &Jom;0HomEktzGJUcsKyfMuD;rS r[m
qkH;jzwfonf/ onf/ jyKEkdifaMumif; ajzMum;onf/ Arm ("m;r) jrdKUvk;H uRwt f pnf;
«[Hom0wD 19-10-46» «[Hom0wD 17-10-46» «[Hom0wD 17-10-46» ta0;usif;yí r[mArm0g'ukd
ausnmonf/

&efuek jf rdKU [ku d u f wk v f wT f 17 atmufwdkbm 1946 tvHeD 18 atmufwkdbm 1946 zq «[Hom0wD 21-10-46»
awmfwGif rk'kHuifaywkdiftzGJU0if uGejf rLepfygwDXmecsKyfrS zqyv yvtrIaqmiftzGJUu bk&ifcH\
rsm;jzpfaom rkcd s½d dk rk&d [d m½k? aq ESihf uGejf rLepfygwDujJG cif;eSihf pyf trIaqmiftzGJU0if 0efMuD;OD;odef;
zqyvtzGUJ csKyfu MuD;rSL;í
csK?d uif*sED iS hf [if&wD Ydktm; 7-8- vsOf;í aMunmcsuf wpfapmif aztm; zqyvuk, d pf m;vS,tf a&Tw*d aHk pwD taemufrck wf iG f vl
45 ckESpfu rk'kHjrdKUta&SUawmif xkwjf yefonf/xkad Munmcsuw f iG f jzpfrS ½kwof rd ;f aMumif; qk;H jzwf xk tpnf;ta0;usi;f yum zqy
buf &Sr;f pkEiS hf &Sr;f &Gm ESp&f mG rS &Gm ,cktcg AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;ESifh csuu f dk tpk;d &tzGUJ xH ay;ykUd onf/ vtzGUJ csKyfrS jrefrmjynfueG jf rLepf
om; 7 OD;tm; owfrjI zifh ppfaq; qk&d ,S v
f pfrsm;u wpfzuf? ode;f «kjrefrmhtvif; 20-10-46» ygwDtm; xkwfy,f&onfh EkdifiH
onf/ az oef;xGef;acgif;aqmifaom a&; &Sif;vif;yGJusif;yonf/
«jrefrmhtvif; 16-10-46» «[Hom0wD 21-10-46»
«EkdifiHa&;&Sif;yGJ pm 2»
55
ausmfNidrf;

jrefrmjynfueG jf rLepfygwD A[kd
aumfrwDtpnf;ta0; usif;yjyD;
bk&ifcH\trIaqmiftzGJU0if uGef
jrLepfygwDrS 0efMuD; OD;odef;az
tm; tjrefqkH;EkwfxGuf&ef qkH;
jzwfonf/
«[Hom0wD 22-10-46»
21 atmufwkdbm 1946 bk&ifcH
\ trIaqmiftzGUJ 0if 0efMuD;OD;
odef;azonf tzGJUrSEkwfxGufpm
ukd jrefrmEkid if b
H &ifcx
H H wifoiG ;f
onf/
«[Hom0wD 22-10-46»
«New Times of Burma 22-10-
46»

ocifp;dk \ uGejf rLepfygwD (jref
rmjynf)tm; rw&m;toif;aMu
nmxm;jcif;rS ½kwfodrf;aMumif;
aMunmonf/
«New Times of Burma 22-10-
46»
23 atmufwkdbm 1946 puFmyl
jrdKU *syefppf&mZ0wfrIppfaq;a&;
r[mrdwfw&m;½kH;u ,kd;',m;-
jrefrm rD;&xm;vrf;ESihf ywfouf
í toufaygif;rsm;pGm qk;H ½I;H ap
onfh udpw ö iG f wm0efruif;onfh
Akv
d Mf uD; rl&&mr? Akv
d Mf uD; zku;l 'g;
5 6
ESihf 'kw, d Akv
d f tab;ESihf uk&d ;D Ek d 0 if b mv a&G;aumufyrJG sm; 5/ Edik if jH cm;ppf
,m;vlrsKd; tapmifh wk½d , dk mrwkYd wyfrsm;udk ½kwo f rd ;f a&; 6/ e,f
tm; ao'Pfay;onf/ 1 ESifh 3 Ekd0ifbm 1946 pwkw¬ jcm;a'otkycf sKyaf &; 7/ oufom
«jrefrmhtvif; 29-10-46» tMudrfajrmuf zqyvA[kdOD;pD; acsmifcsa&; 8/ yckuLú c½dik u f pd rö sm;
tzGJUtpnf;ta0; usif;yonf/ 9/ ppfavsmaf Mu; tqdEk iS afh 'oEÅ&

bk&ifcH\trIaqmiftzGJUwGif tkyfcsKyfa&;tqdkrsm;jzpfonf/
A[kdOD;pD;tzGJU tpnf;ta0;wGif
u&iftrsK;d om; 0efMuD; wpfae&m zqyvtzGJUcsKyf 'kwd,Ouú| «'D;'kwf*sme,f wG-J 20/ rSwf 18/ pm
twGuf apmbOD;MuD; (jyefMum; ocifEu k zqyvtzGUJ csKyfrS jref 16-18/ 11-11-46»
a&;Xme) tm; cefYxm;onf/ rmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDtm; xkwf
y,fjcif;udk twnfjyKay;&ef tqkd 2 Edk0ifbm 1946 pwkwt å Budrf
25 atmufwkdbm 1946 OD;jr wifoiG ;f &m xkt d qku d dk axmufcH ajrmuf zqyv A[dOk ;D pD;tzGUJ
(aysmbf ,G )f onf bk&ifc\ H trI Muonft h wGuf jrefrmjynfueG jf rL tpnf;ta0; 'kw, d aeYwiG f OD;
aqmiftzGUJ wGif tzGUJ 0if 0efMuD; epfygwDtm; zyvtzGUJ csKyrf S xkwf odef;azu AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;
tjzpf vufco H nf/ y,fjcif;twnfjyKjyD; uGefjrLepf tm; ]]apmvl;rif;udk usepf pfom;
[Burma Struggle Vol.II: P XLV] ygwDtm; zqyvA[kdOD;pD;tzGJUrS u wvdik ;f wdYk vufwiG f acG;ao
ao&pfayawmh[kqdkNyD; pGefYypf
vnf;aumif;? c½kid ?f jrKd Ue,f tajc
31 atmufwkdbm 1946 &mZ cH tzGUJ toD;oD;u vnf;aumif; oGm;w,f? cifAsm;ukv d nf; OD;b
0wfrI pkpH rf;a&;Xme (pD? tkid ?f at) xkwfy,fvkdufaMumif; aMunm ab? ocifEkeJY OD;ausmfNidrf;wdkY
rS uGefjrLepfygwD (jrefrmjynf) onf/ Mum;rSm pGeYfypfc&hJ NyD}} [kajymMum;
acgif;aqmif ocifp;dk tm; zrf;qD; «EkdifiHa&;&Sif;yGJ pm 67-71» onf/
xdef;odrf;onf/ «'D;'kwf*sme,f wG-J 2/ rSwf 17/ pm «'D;'kwf*sme,f wG-J 20/ rSwf 18/ pm
[Burma Struggle Vol.II: PIII ] 12/ 11-11-46»
4/ 4-11-46»
«OD;oefY jynfawmfomc&D;('k) pm 29»
«'D;'kwf*sme,f wG-J 20/ rSw-f 17/ 4-
pwkwt ¬ Mudraf jrmuf zqyv
zqyvtzGUJ csKyf pwkwt å Budrf
11-46» ajrmuf OD;pD;tzGUJ tpnf;ta0;wGif
A[kdOD;pD;tzGJUtpnf;ta0;wGif
ArmjynfuGefjrLepfygwDrS ocif
tqkd 10 &yfudk wifoiG ;f onf/
cspf? ocifAwif? ocifjroGif?
xkdtqkdrsm;rSm
wufbkef;BuD;odef;azESihf ocif
1/ Edik if aH ygif;pHk ukvor*¾ 2/ Edik f
oef;xGe;f wdYk u zqyv\ pGypf JG
iHjcm;a&; 3/ tpd;k &pDru H ed ;f tzGUJ
csufrsm;udk jyefvnfajzMum;jcif;
rsm; 4/ wkid ;f jyKjynfjyK vTwaf wmf

tvsif;rjyKawmhbJ zqyvtzGJU
csKyrf mS vuf&*dS P
kd o
f m;wdYk\ tzGUJ
[lívnf;aumif;? e,fcsJUom;wdYk
\ wkw, f í
l vnf;aumif;f ? vGwf
vyfa&;twGufr[kwfbJ 'dkrDeD,H
a&SUwGif 'l;axmufaeonff [lí
vnf;aumi;? aphpyfa&;udkom
vdkufaeonf[kí vnfa;umif;
trsKd;rsKds;jyefvnfajymqdkNyD;aemuf
acsyrIwYkd udk rapmihb f J uGejf rLepf
tm;vHk;udkac:í tpnf;ta0;rS
xGufcGmoGm;onf/
«'D;'kwf*sme,f wG-J 20/ rSwf 18/ pm
12/ 11-11-46»
4 Edk0ifbm 1946 ocifausmf
pdet
f m; jynfxaJ &;0efBuD; ocif
jrxH vma&mufí ocifp;kd udpu ö kd
aqG;aEG;onf/ ocifjru ocifp;kd
tm; umuG,af &;yk'rf 129 rS
153 odYk ajymif;í vuf atmufcH
vlrsKd;tcsif;csif; rkef;wD;rIjzpf
avmufatmif a[majymcsufjzihf
zrf;qD;xm;jcif;jzpfNyD; oefvQif
axmifwGif acwåcsKyfxm;aMumif;
ajymMum;onf/
«oHawmfqifh 5-11-46»
8 Edk0ifbm 1946 jreffrmEdkifiH
bk&ifc\
H trIaqmif aumifpw D Ykd
\ 0g'aMunmcsuu f kd xkwjf yef
onf/
uREk f y f w k d Y o nf
&mxl;rSEIwfxGuf&ef
0efav;rnfr[kwfaMumif;
wkdif;oljynfom;rsm;
pdwfcs,kHMunfMuapvkdaMumif;
bk&ifcrH if;jrwftrIaqmifaumifpD
tzGJU0ifwkdY\0g'aMunmcsuf
1/ cufcaJ omtajctaeudk quf
cH&jcif;/
bk&ifrif;jrwf\ trI
aqmif aumifpw D iG f tzGUJ 0ifrsm;
tjzpfjzifh? uREkfyfwkdY&mxl;vufcH
vkdufjcif;twGuf uREkfyfwkdYcH,l&
aom 0wå&m;rsm; xrf;&Gu&f mwGif
uREfkyfwkdYvkdufem&Gufaqmif&efvkd
onfh &nf&, G cf suf ay:vpD0g'wkYd
ukd &mxl;vufcjH yD;aemuf rMumr
wif xkwjf yefaMujim&ef uREyfk w f Ydk
BuH&,G cf ahJ Mumif;? okYd&mwGif uREyfk f
wkdYrSm cufcJaomtajctaeukd
qufcHvkduf&ojzifh pvQifpjcif;
&ifqkdifawGU&onfh csKdUaomvwf
wavm jyóemrsm;ukd ajz&Si;f ae
&aomaMumifh ,ckxufapmpGm
xkwjf yefaMunmjcif; rjyKEkid cf ahJ y/
,cktcgürlum; uREkfyfwkdYonf
ravQmhwrf; vkdufemawmhrnf[k
oHEéd|mefjyKxm;aom uREkfyfwkdY\
vGwfvyfa&;MudK;yrf;rI&ufpGJorkdif;
ay:vpD0g'\ tajccHru l dk wdik ;f &efoydwftcsKdU ,ckwkdifusef&dSae
jynfokdY wifjyvkdaMumif;/ ao;aMumif;/ tvkyform;rsm;
onf rdrw d Ydk vkyif ef;tajctaeESihf
2/ oydwjf yóemukd ajz&Si;f cJjh cif; ywfoufí tu,fepfemcsurf sm;
uREkfyfwkdY\ yxra&S;OD; &djS cif;aMumifh oydwaf rSmuf&onf
pGm &ifqidk af wGU&aom vkyif ef;MuD; [lorQwYdkü uREyfk w f Ydkonf ¤if;wkYd
rSm tus,ftyGm;jzpfay:aeaom \ awmif;qkcd surf sm; txl;ouf
&mZ0wftzGJU0ifrsm;oydwf? rD;& n§mpOf;pm;rnft h jyif uREkyf w f Ydk u
xm;tvkyform;rsm;oydwf? pm bkwt f zGUJ rsm;udk zGUJ pnf;xlaxmif
wkud Ef iS hf aMu;eef;tvkyo f rm;rsm; ay;vsuf xkdtvkyform;rsm;\
oydw?f tpk;d &½k;H om;rsm; oydwf ,ckvufiif; epfemcsufrsm;om
ESifh tjcm;oydwfta&;awmfykHrsm; ru vufrIpufrIvkyfief;qkdif&m
ukd ajyaMuatmif aphpyfay;&efyif tjcm;ta&;MuD;aom tcsufrsm;
jzpfcahJ yaMumif;/ tqkyd goydww f Ydk ESifhpyfvsOf;aom epfemcsufrsm;ü
onf wkid ;f oljynfom;wkYd aexkid f vnf; xkb d w k tf zGUJ rsm;onfuREyfk f
pm;aomuf oGm;vm vkyu f idk af &; wkYt d m; tBuaH y;aprnf jzpf
e*ktd ajctaeukd trsm;qk;H cRwf aMumif;/ tem*wfumvwGif
,Gi;f ysufjym;apcJah Mumif;? oydwf tvkyform;wkdY oydwfvufeuf
orm;wkdY tawmftwefaMueyfrI okH;&avmufatmif taMumif;r&dS
&&daS tmif uREyfk w f Ydk xko d ydwrf sm; apjcif;iSm ay:aygufvmorQaom
ukd ajz&Si;f ay;Ekid cf &hJ m vlx\ k aus 0d0g'wkYd udk w&m;rQwpGm ajz&Si;f
eyfru I v dk nf; &&do S nf[k uREyfk w f Ydk ay;aprnfh puf,EÅ,m;MuD; xm0
,kHMunfaMumif;/ pOfwnfNrJap&ef þwGJzufbkwf
tzGJUrsm;ukdvnf; tNrJwrf;tzGJU
3/ tNrJwrf;wGzJ ufcrHk sm;xm;rnf rsm; tjzpfEiS hf xm;&dzS YdkwYdkukd uREyfk f
uREkfyfwkdY &ifqkdifawGU& wkYd &nf&, G af Mumif;/
rnfh tjcm;tjcm;aom ta&;ay:
jyóemrsm;ukv d nf; tvm;wlyif 4/ vpmaumfr&Sit f zGUJ zGUJ ay;rnf
vQijf refpmG ajz&Si;f &ef uREyfk w f Ydk O tpk;d &t&mxrf; trIxrf;
ó[jyKrnfjzpfaMumif;/ ajz&Sif; wkYdü &dt S ahH om epfemcsuf wpHw k
57
ausmfNidrf;
&mukd aqmvsipf mG apmaMumppf
aq;&eftwGuf tNrw J rf; puf,EÅ
,m;MuD; wnf&aSd p&ef tpk;d &trI
xrf;t&mxrf;wkdYESifh ywfouf
onfh jyóemrsm;ukd ajz&Si;f a&;
qkid &f m tNrJwrf; wGzJ uftzGUJ rsm;
ukd rMumjrifrh t D vm;wl zGUJ pnf;
rnfjzpfaMumif;? okYd aomf tpk;d &
trIxrf; t&mxrf;rsm;qkid &f m wGJ
zufbw k t
f zGUJ rsm;\ vufwiG f rl
vtajccHvcESifh qkdifaomjyó
emrsm; ajz&Si;f a&;ukd uREyfk w f Ydktyf
ESi;f xm;Ekid rf nf r[kwaf y/ toD;
tjcm;Xme wpfcEk iS ahf omf vnf;
aumif;? trIxrf;wpfrsKd;wpfpm;
wnf;ESiahf omfvnf;aumif;? ouf
qkid af om rlvtajccH jyóemukd
wpfcw k nf;wnf; cGjJ cm;oD;oefYí
ajz&Sif;&ef rjzpfEkdifay/ tpkd;&
vufatmufwiG f trIxrf;vsu&f Sd
onfh trsKd;tpm;rsm;jym;vSaom
Xmersm;trIxrf;rsm;twGuf avQmuf
ywfaom rlvtajccHvpmrsm;ukd
tpk;d &tm; tBuHay;Ekid pf rd ihf mS Xme
toD;oD; trIxrf;tpm;pm; tm;
vk;H wkYd\ vuf&Sd vpmaiGtqifh
twef; ppfaq;Ekid af om rsuEf mS
rvkdufonfh pkHprf;a&;aumfr&Sif
tzGUJ wpfzUJG ukd zGUJ pnf;&ef vkv d rd hf
rnf/ vpmaiGaumfr&SiftzGJU[k
5 8
uREkfyfwkdYac:qkdrnfh tqkdygtzGJU
\ vkyif ef;rsm; ok;H vcefYMumrnf
[k uREkyf w f Ydk wifu;l cefYreS ;f xm;
onfjzpf&m xkdvpmaiGaumfr&Sif
tzGUJ \ axmufccH surf sm;t& rlv
tajccH vpmaiGrsm;udk vkv d Qiv f dk
ovkd jyifqifay;jcif;ü taESmifh
taES;r&daS pbJjyifqifay;&ef uREyfk f
wkdY jy|mef;xm;aMumif;/
5/ jynfoUl vGwv f yfciG hf usyjf ynfh
&atmifvkyfrnf/
vGwfvyfpGm pnf;½kH;cGifh?
vGwv f yfpmG pnf;a0;ykid cf iG ?hf vGwf
vyfpGma&;ykdif;cGifhESifh vGwfvyfpGm
ajymqkdykdifcGifhwkdY tBuHK;0ifaom
usyjf ynfh jynfoUl vGwv f yfciG rhf sm;
ukd jrefrmjynfojl ynfom;rsm; jyef
vnf &&daS p&eftwGuf t½k;d cHo
abmtm;jzifh zdEyS cf sKyjf c,frrI sm;[k
,lqEkdifonfh Oya't&yf&yfrsm;
ukd jyefvnf½w k o
f rd ;f ypf&ef uREyfk f
wkYd ,ck tjyif;txef aqmif&u G f
vsuf&dSaMumif;? bdESdyfcsKyfcs,frI
ESihf qkid af om Oya'rsm;t& zrf;
qD;csKyfaESmifrI cH&ol tm;vk;H wkYd
tm; csujf cif; tcsKyt f aESmifrS
vGwyf pf&efEiS hf tqkyd g Oya'rsm;
t& axmiftwGi;f usa&mufae
Muolrsm;tm;vk;H wkYd \ tjypf'Pf
pD&ifcsufrsm;ukd jyefvnfppfaq;
&efwYdkrmS vnf; uREyfk w f Ydk\ ay:v cGiahf y;rnf[al om uwdjzifh odr;f
pD0g'yif jzpfaMumif;/ oGif;&ef jzpfEkdifrjzpfEkdifudkvnf;
uREyfk w
f Ydkav;av;eufeuf pOf;pm;
6/ "m;jyESrd ef if;a&; vsu&f aSd Mumif;/ vlxt k zGUJ tpnf;
wkdif;jynftwGif;&dS tcsKdU rsm;omru umvtm;avsmfpGm
a'owkYdwiG f tus,t f yGm; "m;jy ñTeMf um;vsu&f aSd om tjcm;ta&;
rsm; aomif;use;f aeonfrh S ay: MuD;aom Ekid if v H ;Hk qkid &f m jyóem
aygufvmaom jyóemukd uREyfk f rsm;vnf; &daS eayao;onf/ ¤if;f
wkYd taqmwvsif pOf;pm;í xd wkYdteuf wpfcak om jyóemrSm
a&mufpmG tpGr;f ukef ta&;,lvrd hf awmifov l ,form; jyóemyif
rnf/ þvkyif ef;wGif uREyfk w f Ydk jzpfaMumif;? xkdjyóemESifhwuG
onf uREyfk w f Ydktm; tultnDay; oufqidk o f wl Ydk w&m;ojzif&h xku d f
vko d nfh &yf&mG umuG,af &; tzGUJ aom epfemcsuftppftrSefwkdYukd
rsm; jynfolU&JabmfwyfzGJUrsm;ESifh auseyfatmif tcsdefrMuefYapbJ
tjcm;tvm;wl tzGUJ tpnf;wkYd\ ajz&Sif;a&;rSmvnf; uREkfyfwkdY\
yl;aygif;aqmif&u G rf EI iS hf tultnD ay:vpD0g'yifjzpfaMumif;/
ukd awmif;cH&,lrnfjzpfaMumif;?
"m;jyrsm;ESifh tjcm;jyif;xefaom 7/ b@ma&;tmPmvk;H 0 &d&S rnf
&mZ0wfrw I Ydk udk ESyd u
f yG &f mü tpk;d jrefrmjynftpk;d &\
&tm; tultnDay;vko d nfh tqkd b@ma&;tmPmrsm;ESihf pyfvsO;f
yg tzGUJ toif;rsm;\ tzGUJ 0ifwYdk íum; xku d pd u ö dk uREyfk w f YdkrqGu
tm; xdxad &mufa&muf ulnED idk f yif *½kjyKcJo h nfjzpf&m uREkyf w f Ydk
&ef vkt d yfaom tmPmESiw hf m0ef ykdifqkdifaom b@ma&;tmPm
0wå&m;ESihf vufeuftvkt H avmuf rsm;tm;vnf; vuf&cSd sKycf s,cf suf
tyfEiS ;f a&;wkYd udk uREkyf w f Ydk pOf;pm; tm;vk;H ukd ½kwo f rd ;f &ef tcGeaf wmf
vsu&f aSd eaMumif;? owfrw S af om pnf;MuyfykdifcGifh? jynfwGif;jynfy
aeY&uftwGif; vma&mufvuf aiGaMu;cGifhESifh &&dSaomaiGrsm;ukd
eufcsonfh "m;jy*kdPf;ESifhacgif; bk&ifrif;jrwftpk;d &\ cGijf yh Kcsuf
aqmifwYdktm; oifah wmfaompnf; ukd rcH,&l bJ uREyfk w f YdkEidk if t
H ay:
urf;csurf sm;ESihf vGwjf idr;f csr;f om 0,f trsm;qkH;tusKd;oufa&muf

rItwGuf uREyfk w f Yku
d taumif;
qk;H [k xifjrifovkd ok;H pGEJ idk cf iG hf
wkYd u&dk &ef bk&ifrif;jrwftpk;d &xH
okYd uRekyf w f Ydk BuH&, G cf sufrsm;ukd
ay;ykdYxm;cJhavjyD/
8/ pDru H ed ;f rsm; zsuaf &;jyifa&;
tpk;d & pDru H ed ;f rsm;ukd
vnf; uREyfk w f Ydk ,cktcg *½kjyK
vsu&f aSd ejyDjzpf&m tqkyd g pDrcH suf
rsm;\ tusK;d tjypfudk tao
tcsm a0zefppfaq;Ekid &f efvnf;
aumif;? EkdifiHawmfjyefvnf xl
axmifa&;ESifh jyefvnfzefwD;a&;
twGuf wu,ftusK;d oufa&muf
jcif; r&do S nfwYdk udk zsuford ;f ypf
&ef vnf;aumif;? jrefrmjynfol
jynfom;wkdY\tusKd;ukd tajccH
xm;í jyifqif&efvkdtyforQwkdY
ukd tqkyd g pDru H ed ;f rsm;qkid &f m
taMumif;pkHwkdYukd awmif;qkdxm;
jyDjzpfaMumif;/
9/ pufrIvufrIESifhor0g,r
uREkfyfwkdYonf EkdifiHawmf
\ pD;yGm;a&; aumif;rGew f ;dk wuf
rIukd tcgrvyf pdwyf gvufyg ok;H
oyf oGm;Murnft h jyif tdrw f iG ;f
pufrIvufrIvkyfief; wkd;wuf&eff
twGuf vnf;aumif;? rsuaf rSmuf
vGwfvyfa&;MudK;yrf;rI&ufpGJorkdif;
wGif v,f,mpkdufysKd;a&;vkyfief; twef;ESifh &ifabmifwef;rdap&ef EkdifiHvkH;qkdif&m or*¾okdYr[kwf
omvQif vTr;f rk;d vsu&f aSd omuREyfk f
tpkd;&vkyfief;t&yf&yfrsm;ukd xd tzGJUcsKyftpkd;&wnfaxmif&ef &m
wkYdEidk if \H pD;yGm;a&;ukd rJwif;ay;
a&mufaom pDrcH sufwYdk jzifh jyKjyif xm;csuu f dk a&S;½Ií xkad 'o&dS
&ef vkt d yfonft h jcm; pufrv I uf
&efvnf;aumif;? EkdifiHjcm;quf wkdif;&if;om;rsm;ESifh oifhwifhnD
rI vkyif ef;rsm;vnf; wnfaxmif qHa&;ESihf umuG,af &;XmewkYd wiG f nGwaf tmif aqmif&u G &f efrmS
csUJ xGi&f efwYdkuv dk nf;aumif;? tNrJ
jrefrmrsm;udk wpfqifhxufwpf vnf; e,fjcm;a'orsm;twGuf
apmifah &SmufomG ;rnf jzpfaMumif;? qifh wk;d wufcefYxm;oGm;&efwYdkrmS uREkfyfwkdYxm;&dStyfaom ay:vpD
or0g,r vkyif ef;rsm;ukd wnf uREyfk w f Ydk\ 0g'yifjzpfaMumif;? xkd 0g'yifjzpfonf/ xked ,fjcm;a'o
xG i f t m;ay;oG m ;&ef r S m vnf ; &nf&, G cf sufjzifh bk&ifrif;jrwf rsm;tusKd;jzpfxeG ;f rItwGuf tcg
uREkyf w f Ydk \ 0g'yif jzpfaMumif;?
tpk;d &\ twGi;f 0if½;Hk rS jznfo h iG ;f cyford ;f aiGtm;aMu;tm;ESihf aomf
EkdifiHjcm;ESifh ukefoGif;ukefxkwfrScefYtyfxm;jcif; cH&aom trIxrf; vnf;aumif;? tjcm;enf;jzifah omf
pí tjcm;pufrv I ufrv I yk if ef;ESihf
tzGJUwkdYukd Oa&mywkdif;om;rsm; vnf;aumif;? uln&D efqE´&aSd omf
ukepf nf ul;oef;a&;qkid &f m e,f aemufxyf cefYtyfjcif;rjyK&ef vnf;? oufqkdif&mwkdif;&if;om;
y,fwGif;okdY jrefrmvlrsKd;rsm;wpf uREyfk w f Ydk wm;qD;ydwyf ifvu dk af v rsm; tvkrd &daS om or*¾zUJG pnf;
qifhxufwpfqifh ykdrkdwkd;wufyg jyD/ jrefrmEkdifiHawmfMuD;ukd um yl;aygif;rIudk xkad 'o&dS wkid ;f &if;
0if pGyfzufoGm;Ekdif&efrSmvnf; uG,&f eftvkYdimS pGr;f tm;vkaH vmuf om;wkdYtay:0,f twifxkd;ay;
uREyfk w f Ydk\ ay:vpD0g'yifjzpf aom trsKd;om;umuG,fa&;wyf &ef uREyfk w f Ydk r&nf&, G af cs/
aMumif;? vl0ifvx l u G jf yóemESihf
wpfck tvQit f jrefxal xmif&efEiS hf tu,fí Ekid if v H ;Hk qkid &f m or*¾
pyfvsO;f í uREyfk w f Ydkonf auseyf
wkid ;f &if;om; r[kwaf omwyfrsm; aomfvnf;aumif;? tzGUJ csKyfaomf
avmufaom pDrcH surf sm;&&daS tmif uREkfyfwkdYjrefrmEkdifiHtwGif;rS jyef vnf;aumif; zGUJ pnf;cJv h Qif tzGUJ
&SmMuHaqmif&u G rf nf jzpfaMumif;/
vnf ½kwfodrf;ap&efrSmvnf; 0if jynfe,frsm;tm; ¤if;wkYd\
uREkyf w f Ykd \ &nfp;l csufwpf&yfyif jynfwGif;a&;&mukd ¤if;wkdYukd,f
10/ jrefrmjynfonf jrefrmrsm; jzpfayonf/ wkid f pDrcH efYcJG tkycf sKyf&ef vkt d yf
tzkdY om uk, d yf idk jf y|mef;cGit hf mPmrsm;
tpk;d &trIxrf; t&mxrf; 11/ awmifwef;e,frsm;ESihf quf ukd ¤if;wkYd oabmtwkid ;f omvQif
tm;vk;H wkYd twGuf w&m;rQwoifh qHa&; vTJxm;rnfjzpfonf/ jrefrmjynf
awmfaomtajctae tqift h wef; jrefrmEkid if aH wmf t&yf&yf twGuf wkid ;f jyKjynfjyK vTwaf wmf
rsm; zefwD;ay;&efvnf;aumif;? wGif rDw S if;aexkid af om wkid ;f &if; wpf&yf wifajr§mufaomtcg e,f
uREfkyfwkdYEkdifiH\ vQifjrefpGmwkd; om;vlrsK;d wkYd\ qE´tvku d f o jcm;a'orS vlrsK;d wkYd onf jrefrm
wufvsuf&dSaom EkdifiHa&;tqifh abmtMudKufwn l cD sut f & jrefrm jynrESiw hf zJG ufí tcsKyt f csm tm
59
ausmfNidrf;
Pmykdif vGwfvyfa&;okdYa&mufokdY
a&muf&dSavatmif twlwuGcsD
wuf&ef qE´&ySd gu ESpOf ;D ESpzf uf
aphpyfnnD w
G af om pnf;urf;csuf
rsm;t& tqkyd g wkid ;f jyKjynfjyK
vTwaf wmf\ vkyif ef;rsm;wGif 0if
a&mufpGyfzufvkyfukdifzkdY e,fjcm;
a'orS vlrsK;d wkYd tm; zdwaf c:,l
&efrmS uREykf wf Ydk\ 0g'yifjzpf
onf/
12/ vlrsK;d a&;
vlrsKd;a&;udpw ö Gif xm;&dS
tyfaom apwem0g'rSm jrefrm
jynftwGif; rSDwif;aexkdifaom
wkid ;f &if;om;vlrsK;d [loí tqifh
twef;tcGit hf a&; vk;H 0wln&D
rnf [laom 0g'jzpfonf/ jrefrm
okdYr[kwf tjcm;vlrsKd;wpfrsKd;u
omvQif jynfwiG ;f &dS usefvrl sKd;
rsm;tay: vTr;f rk;d Ekid af om tajc
taeokdY qkdufa&mufap&efukd
uRekfyfwkdY rvkdvm;/ jrefrmjynf
wGi;f &dS vlenf;pkwYdk w&m;rQw
aom tcGit hf a&;rsm; &&daS p&ef
uREkyf w f Ydk MudK;pm;rnf/ uk;d uG,f
onfb h momESihf rd½;dk zvm xH;k pH
"avhwkdYESifhpyfvsOf;íum; uREkfyf
wkYd\0g'rSm vk;H 0vGwv f yfa&;ay;
vsuf uk, d cf si;f pmw&m;udk usihf
6 0
ok;H rnfjzpfaMumif;udk xyfavmif; rsm;ukd yxrrlwnfoabmjzifh pk 15/ tcsKyftcsmtmPmykdifEkdifiH
ajym&efyif vkdrnfrxifay/ pnf;xm;&d&S efrmS uREyfk w f Ydk\avm awmf
avmq,f vkyif ef;wpf&yfyif jzpf uREyfk w
f Ydk\vufiif; vkyf
13/ urÇmwGiaf e&m&rI acsonf/ vmvwåaH ommtkycf sKyf ief;rsm;wGif vnf;aumif;? uREyfk f
jrefrmjynf\ Ekid if t H csi;f a&; rwkid rf yD if wifMudKíqkcd jhJ yD; wkYd\ wpfajzmifw h nf;aom &nf
csi;f qufqaH &;tqift h wef; wk;d aom ½k;H rsK;d ukd zGiv hf pS &f ef uREyfk f rSe;f csurf mS tvGef eD;uyfaom
wufaprIrmS uREyfk w f Ydk\ rl&if; wkdYu MudK;yrf;rnfjzpfaMumif;/ tem*gwfumvwGif tcsKyftcsm
tajccH0g'rsm;teuf wpf&yfyif tmPmykid f Ekid if aH wmfwpf&yf wnf
jzpfav&um; jrefrmhupd Eö iS hf ywf 14/ vmrnfh a&G;aumufyo JG nf axmif&efyif jzpfaMumif;? uREkyf f
ouforQaom Ekid if aH ygif;pku H eG zf wkdif;jyKjynfjyKvTwfawmftwGuf wkYd \ vkyif ef;t&yf&yfwiG f wwf
&ifh tpnf;ta0;rsm;tm;vkH;wGif vuf&Sd tpk;d &ukd a&G; Ekid af omtcgwkid ;f ? wkid ;f oljynf
jrefrmjynf uk, d pf m;vS,rf sm;u aumufyJG rwkid rf D tcsed af pmpGmu om; wkid ;f oljynfom;wkYd \tmoD
jrefrmjynftwGuf toD;tjcm; yif trsK;d om;tpk;d &wkYd \ tqifh oESihf uku d n
f rD &I atmif wkid ;f ol
vGwfvyfpGm ukd,fpm;aqmif&Guf twef;ESihf wefc;dk tmPm jynf0h jynfom;trsm;\ tmoDoqE´udk
EkdifcGifh&&dSEkdif&ef tm;xkwfrnfjzpf aom trsKd;om;tpkd;&tjzpfokdY cH,lum vkyfaqmifoGm;rnfjzpf
aMumif;? urÇmhukvor*¾xJwGif ajymif;vJypf&ef uREyfk w f Ydk MudK;yrf; aMumif;? uREkfyfwkdY\&nfrSef;csuf
jzpfap xkdor*¾uaomfvnf; oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;? vmvwåH rsm;ukv d nf; vQijf reforQ vQijf ref
aumif;? xko d r*¾u cGx J w k zf UJG pnf; aom a&G;aumufyGJonf jrefrm pGm MuefYMumaESmifah eS;rI r&daS pbJ?
xm;aom tjcm;tzGJUtpnf;rsm; jynf\ tem*gwftkyfcsKyfa&;ukd atmifyef;qGwcf ;l &ef MudK;pm;rnf
uaomfvnf;aumif; wnfaxmif tcsKyftcs,fr&dSaom wefckd;tm [k uREkfyfwkdY oH'd|mefcscJhjyDjzpf
xm;onfh EkdifiHtcsif;csif;qkdif&m Pmrsm;jzifh jy|mef; qk;H jzwfEidk f aMumif;/
tjcm;tzGUJ rsm; tm;vk;H wGijf zpfap onfjh yif jrefrmvlrsKd;r[kwo f w l Ydk
jrefrmEkid if uH yg 0ifciG &hf &ef ur yg0ifpu G zf ufjcif;rS vGwu f if;onfh 16/ vkyrf &vQif xGuMf urnf
uxjyKvkyfay;zkdYukdvnf; bk&if wkdif;jyKjynfjyK vTwfawmfzGJUpnf; txufwiG f uREyfk w f Ydkazmf
rif;jrwf\ tpk;d &xH arwåm&yfcH a&;twGuf a&G;aumufyGJomvQif jycJah om 0g'vkyif ef;pOfEiS hf &nf
&ef uREkfyfwkdYBuH&G,fxm;aMumif;? jzpfap&ef wkid ;f jynfvx l \k rSef;csufrsm;ukd atmifyef;qGwfcl;
uREyfk wf Ydk\ ta0;a&muf oHMuD; tMudKun f D axmufccH sujf zifh Ekdifvdrfhrnf[laom ,kHMunfarQmf
oHi,f aumifppf0ef½rHk sm;twGuf bk&ifrif;jrwftpkd;&ESifh ta&;qkd vifch sujf zifo
h m uREyfk w
f Ydkonf &m
&nfp;l um MudKwiftvkyo f ifMum; zkYduv dk nf; uREyfk wf Ydk Mu&H , G f xl;ukd vufcHcJhMuonf jzpf&m
ay;xm;&ef vkdonfhjrefrmvlrsKd; aMumif;/ uREkfyfwkdY\ MudK;yrf;rIrsm;onf
 vGwfvyfa&;MudK;yrf;rI&ufpGJorkdif;
tcsnf;tES;D jzpfaMumif; awGU&d&S rmjynfukd vH;k 0vGwv f yfa&; wpf zqyvtzGJUcsKyf\ awmif;qdk wkdYArmtpnf;t½kH;rS OD;aqmifí
aomf okYdr[kwf uREyfk w f Ydk\rsK;d cspf ESptwGi;f &ygaprnf[k twdt csufukd ay;ydYk onf/ jrefrmEkdifiH&dS EkdifiHa&;ygwDrsm;pk
pdwf"mwf wkdif;jynf\qE´ESpf&yf us ausnmap&ef? vmrnfha&G; [Burma Struggle Vol.II: P 138] aygif;í 'Drkdu&ufwpftrsKd;om;
pvk;H ESihf uku
d n f aD om tajzrsm;ukd aumufyu JG vkd nf; zqyvA[dOk ;D nDnw G af &;wyfO;D (Democratric
uREkyf w
f Ydk MudK;yrf;í r&aMumif; pD;tzGUJ qHK;jzwfcsut f & Edik if jH cm; 16 Ekd0ifbm 1946 ucsijf ynf National United Front)zGUJ pnf;um
awGU&d&S aomf xkad wGU&d&S onfch P om; ygaprnf[k twdtvif; e,f rk;d aumif;jrdKUwGif jynfoUl ,Of vufwGJaqmif&Guf&efjzpfonf/
ü vuf&dStrIaqmifaumifpDtzGJU ausnmay;&ef aus;rIEiS hf wk;d wufMuD;yGm;a&;tzGUJ aqmif&Guf&rnfh vkyfief;rsm;rSm
0if uREyfk w f Ydkonf &mxl;rS EIwf 2/ NAdwo d Q tpd;k &;u 1947 Zefe (y,uz) nDvmcHusi;f yí y, trsKd;om;tpkd;&zGJUpnf;a&;
xGu&f ef 0efav;rnf r[kwf 0g&D 31&ufaemufq;kH xm;í ,ck uztzGJUcsKyfukd jyefvnfzGJUpnf; puúLjzLpmwrf;zsufodrf;a&;
aMumif;ukd uREkyf w f Ydk wkid ;f oljynf 0efBuD;tzGJUudk vHk;0tmPmESihf onf/ wkid ;f jyKjynfjyKvTwaf wmfac:,la&;
om;rsm; pdwcf s ,kMH unfMuapvkd jynhpHkaom trsKd;om;tpdk;&tzGJU «r&rfabmufvm qrm;'l;0gqif0g; ESifh trsKd;om;vGwfajrmufa&;wkdY
aMumif;/ jzpfatmif jywfjywfom;om; pDrH aemif pm 135» jzpfonf/
«'D;'kwf*sme,f wG-J 20/ rSwf 19/ pm ay;ap&ef/ [Burma Struggle Vol.II: P 138]
16-18/ 18-11-46» 3/ y½dk*sufpDrHudef;rsm;ESihf ywf 20 Ekd0ifbm 1946 ocifA[de;f
owfí zqyv A[dOk ;D pD;tzGUJ qH;k uG,fvGefonf/ 28 Ekd0ifbm 1946 AkdvfcsKyf
12 Ekd0ifbm 1946 zqyv jzwfcsut f wdik ;f aqmif&u G &f efEiS h «[Hom0wD 23-11-46» atmifqef;onf ucsifjynfe,f&Sd
tvkyftrlaqmif tpnf;ta0; txufyg tcsufrsm;udk 1947 ucsiw f yfrsm;udk ppfaq;&ef jrpf
wGif bk&ifc\ H twkid yf ifcH vTwf
&Sr;f jynfajrmufyi dk ;f odEjd´ rdKUwGif MuD;em;jrdKUokdY a&muf&dSonf/
Zefe0f g&Dv 31&ufaeYtxd xdxd
awmfjyefvnf xlaxmifjcif; rjyK Federated Shan States trIaqmif «OD;nDav; igwkdYAkdvfcsKyfbmawGvkyf
a&mufa&muf r&&Syd gu zqyv
&ef qH;k jzwfcsufcsrSwNf yD; þqH;k ud,k pf m;vS,rf sm;onf tpd;k &tzJUG aumfrwD tpnf;ta0; usi;f yí cJhovJ (yxrwGJ) &efuek /f ok"r®m
jzwfcsut f & bk&ifcu H kd wdu
k wf eG ;f rS Ekwx f u G v f m&ef wdYk jzpfonf/ e,fjcm;a'o tkyfcsKyfa&;atmuf ykEH yd S /f 1947/ pm 30-34/ aemifu;dk um;
&ef zqyvA[dOk ;D pD;tzGUJ tpnf; «oHawmfqifh 13-11-46» wGif tcsed t f wkid ;f twm wpfck vQif OD;nDav; igwkdYAkdvfcsKyf(y) [k
a0;qH;k jzwfcsut f & zqyv A[kd txd aernf[k qk;H jzwfonf/ ñTef;rnf/
[Burma Struggle Vol.II: P 138]
tvkyt f rIaqmiftzGUJ onf tpd;k & [ New Times of Burma: 13-11- [Burma Struggle Vol.II: P 399]
tzGJU0if zqyvudk,fpm;vS,f 1946] naeykid ;f wGif Akv

d cf sKyfatmif
[Mourice Collis Last and First qef;ESifh ucsiftrsKd;om;acgif;
tm; tcsu3f csuf aqmif&u G &f ef in Burma P 284 ]
24 Ekd0ifbm 1946 ocifApdeu f
nTeMf um;onf/ xdt k csuf 3 csuf owif;pmq&mrsm;udk zdwMf um;í aqmif 30 cefYwYdk awGUqkaH qG;aEG;
onf/
rSm 13 Edk0ifbm 1946 jrefrmEdkifiH wkYd Armtpnf;t½k;H uGezf &ifüh cs «OD;nDav; igwkdYAkdvfcsKyf (y) pm 30-
1/ NAwd o d Qtpd;k &u 1947 Zefe0g bk&ifcHqm[l;bwf&efY(pf) u rSwcf o hJ nfh wkYd Armtpnf;t½k;H \
34»
&Dv 31&ufaemufq;kH xm;í jref avmhyufopfavm&ihf (u) uJo h Ykd 0g'ukd aMunmonf/ xk0d g'rSm

61
ausmfNidrf;
28 ESifh 30 Ekd0ifbm 1946 jrpf
MuD;em;jrdKUwGif ajrmufoEd ?D́ Aef;
armf? jrpfMuD;em;c½kid rf S ucsif
tMuD;tuJrsm; jzpfonfh
qrm;'l;0g;qif0g;aemif (umrkid ;f )
u&ifv (jrpfMuD;em;)
aZmfv (Aef;armf)
aZmfveG ;f (Aef;armf)
cGefzkH;
aemfqkdif; wkdYawGUqkHaqG;aEG;um
ucsijf ynfe,f &&daS &; awmif;qkd
&ef qk;H jzwfonf/
[Burma Struggle Vol.II: P 170]
30 Ek0d ifbm 1946 jrpfMuD;em;jrdKU
refpdef&GmwGif AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;
ESifh ucsiftrsKd;om;acgif;aqmif
rsm; cspfMunfa&; rdwfqkHpm;yGJ
usif;yonf/
«r&rfabmufvm qrm;'l;0gqif0g;
aemif pm 69»
Ekd0ifbmv 1946 &Srf;jynfjynf
olUvGwfvyfa&;tzGJU (&Srf;jynf
vGwaf &;tzGUJ ) tpnf;ta0;usif;
yí tvkyftrIaqmiftzGJUukd
Ouú| OD;cGeaf pm (yif;w,)
taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;
OD;xGef;jrifh (awmifMuD;) wkdYjzifh
xyfrHzGJUpnf;onf/
«OD;tkef;azyifvkHppfwrf;pm399-400»
6 2
'D Z if b mv
1 'DZifbm 1946 jrpfMuD;em;jrdKU
e,f refpdef&GmwGif ucsiftMuD;
tuJrsm;u AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;
tm; xrif;pm;yGjJ zifh {nfch jH y;D "m;
vG , f v uf a qmif a y;tyf o nf h
tcrf;tem; usif;yonf/
«OD;nDav; igwkdYAkdvfcsKyf (y) pm 30-
35»
3 'DZifbm 1946 puFmylppf&mZ
0wfrI ck½H ;Hk rS ,k;d ',m;-jrefrmrD;&
xm;vrf; azmufvyk af &;ESihf ywf
oufí acR;wyfaom;aygif; &Spf
aomif;ausmf aoqk;H onft h wGuf
wm0ef&aSd om *syefppfwyfrS 'kwd
,Akv d cf sKyMf uD; td&'SD g;tm; axmif
'Pf 10 ESp/f Akv d rf LS ;MuD; emum
rl&ESihf td&w Sd Ydktm; ao'Pf/ 'kwd
,Akvd rf LS ;MuD; &mEk*w D tm; axmif
'Pf 20 ESp?f Akv d rf LS ; cscD gtm;
axmif'Pf 10 ESpf jypf'PftoD;
oD;csrSwfonf/
«armifausmfvIdif ¿ pm 252-3»
2 eSifh3 'DZifbm 1946 usKu d f
crDe,f iy&Gmü rGew f idk ;f &if;om;
uGezf &ifh usi;f yí qk;H jzwfcsuf
15 csufcsrSwo f nf/
«jrefrmhtvif; 15-12-46»
4 'DZifbm 1946 jrefrmEkid if H
bk&ifcH qm[l;bwf&efYpu f bk&if
cH\trIaqmifaumifpD tpnf;
ta0;wGif jAdwo d Qtpk;d &u jrefrm
uk,d pf m;vS,tf zGUJ ukd t*FvefEidk if H
okYdvma&muf aqG;aEG;&ef zdwaf c:
aMumif;ajymjy&m trIaqmifaumif
pDu vufco H nf/
[Burma Struggle Vol.II: P 172]

nwGif zqyv trIaqmif
tpnf;ta0; usi;f y&m tpnf;
ta0;wGif 'kwd,Ouúú|ocifEku
jrefrm uk,
d pf m;vS,t f zGUJ tm;
t*FvefEidk if oH Ydk vma&mufaqG;
aEG;&ef NAdwo d Qtpk;d &\ urf;vSr;f
csuu f dk vufco H nfu h pd t
ö m; jAdwd
oQtpkd;&u jrefrmEkdifiHvGwfvyf
a&;ESiyhf wfoufí ausnmcsurf sK;d
rygbJ omrefzw d Mf um;csurf sK;d jzpf
ygu vufrcHoifah Mumif; uefY
uGuo f nf/ xkYdaemuf ocifEu
tvkyt f rIaqmiftzGUJ \ oabm
wlnDcsufjzifh OD;ausmfjidrf;ukdac:
í bk&ifcEH iS hf awGUqku H m jAw d o d Q
tpk;d &u ygvDrefwiG f jrefrmhvw
vyfa&;ESihf ywfoufí aMunm
csuf xkwaf y;&eftusK;d taMumif;
wifjyawmif;qk&d m bk&ifcu H jAd
wdoQtpk;d &okYd csucf si;f taMumif;
Mum;ay;rnf[k jyefMum;onf/
«OD;Ekwmawpaeom; ('kwd,tMudrf)
uvuúwm;? {&m0wDyEHk ydS ?f 1998/ pm
108-109/ aemifu;dk um;vQif OD;Ekwm
awpaeom;[kñTef;rnf/»
«OD;AaqGvGwfvyfa&;yef;wkdifokdYa&Twl
*sme,f? wG-J 1/ rSw-f 14/ pm 20-21/
1-9-71»
5 'DZifbm 1946 jrefrmEkid if H qm
[l;bwf&efYpfu avmhyufopf
avmh&ifph xf H ,aeY (5-12-46)
eHeufwGif AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;
¤if;xHvma&mufí zqyvtrI
aqmiftzGUJ \ aMunmcsuu f dk vm
a&mufay;tyfaMumif; aMu;eef;
½ku
d t f aMumif;Mum;onf/ tqkyd g
aMunmcsufwGif jAdwdoQtpkd;&
onf tdEd́,tpkd;& 0efMuD;tzGJU
t*FvefEkdifiH vma&mufa&;wGif
wkdif;jyKjynfjyKvTwfawmf zGJUpnf;
a&;ESihf Mum;jzwftpk;d &tzGUJ ESihf pyf
k vsO;f í a&SUvkyif ef;pOfrsm;udk aMu
nmay;cJah Mumif;/ xked nf;wl jref
rmukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJU t*FvefEkdif
iHoYdk vma&mufa&;ESihf pyfvsO;f í
G f jrefrm0efMuD;tzGUJ tm; vk;H 0tmPm
ESifhjynfhpkHaom trsdK;om;tpkd;&
tzGUJ tjzpf pDraH y;jy;D bk&ifct H m;
pnf;rsO;f cH bk&ifct H jzpfom xm;
&ef/ vmrnhfa&G;aumufyGJonf

1935 ckEpS f jrefrmEkid if H pD&iftyk f
csKyfrIOya't& usif;yaoma&G;
aumufyrJG sKd; r[kwb f J Ekid if jH cm;
om;rsm; rygaom wkid ;f jyKjynfjyK
vTwfawmfa&G;aumufyGJjzpf&ef/
pnf;vk;H nDnw G íf vGwv f yfaom
jrefrmEkid if x
H al xmifEidk af &; twGuf
jyifqifrI vkyif ef;pOfrsm;udk ,ck
tcsed rf S pwifí csucf si;f aqmif
&Gufay;&efESifh jrefrmjynfvkH;0
vGwv f yfa&; wpfEpS t f wGi;f &ap
&rnf[k twdtus aMunmay;
&ef wkYd yg0ifonf/ txufyg
tcsurf sm;ukd jAdwo d Qtpk;d & aMu
nmray;ygu zqyvtvkyt
aqmiftzGJUtaeESifh t*FvefEkdifiH
okYd jrefrmuk, d pf m;vS,t f zGUJ tae
ESihf oGm;a&muf&ef qE´r&daS Mumif;?
jAdwo d Qtpk;d &xHrS aMueyfavmuf
aom aMunmcsurf &bJ bk&ifcf H
\ trIaqmifaumifpu D jAdwo
tpk;d &\ zdwaf c:rIudk vufcrH nf
qkyd gu zqyvtrIaqmiftzGUJ \
oabmwl qk;H jzwfcsurf sm;udk jyef
vnfpOf;pm;rnfjzpfaMumif;ESifh
zqyvtaeESihf bk&ifc\ H trI
aqmifaumifpDrS aumifpD0ifrsm;
ukd EIwfxGuf&ef rñTefMum;Ekdif
aomfvnf; t*FvefomG ; jrefrm
ukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJUwGifrl zqyv
vGwfvyfa&;MudK;yrf;rI&ufpGJorkdif;
trIaqmifrsm; ryg0if&ef ñTef o[m, ppfocsKiØ ;f wGif usi;f y avatmif bk&ifrif;jrwf tpk;d &
Mum;EkdifaMumif; yg&dSonf/ onfh 'kw, d urÇmppftwGi;f *syef onf jrefrmEkid if t H a&;udk aqG;aEG;
[Burma Struggle Vol.II: P 174] wkYd \ acR;wyfqjJG cif;cH&í oHjzL wkid yf ifvodk nft h wGuf bk&ifcrH if;
Z&yfrD;&xm;vrf; azmufvkyf&m MuD;\ trIaqmifaumifpDtzGJUrS
7 'DZifbm 1946 Akv d cf sKyaf tmif wGif aoqk;H olrsm;tm; &nfp;l jrefrm0efMuD;rsm;\ uk, d pf m;vS,f
qef;u owif;pmq&mrsm;tm; aom o&P*kw H ifyoJG Ydk wuf tzGUJ wpfcu k kd rMumrD tawm
zdwMf um;í &Si;f vif;yGJ usi;f yum a&mufonf/ twGi;f þEkid if o H Ydk zdwaf c:zkYd BuH
t*Fveftpkd;&xH awmif;qkdcsuf «owif;pkH*sme,f wG-J 1/ rSw-f 41/ &G,fxm;ygaMumif;/
rsm; awmif;qkx d m;jyD; jzpfaMumif;? 27-12-46» jrefrmEkid if t H m; tdE, d´ Ekid f
awmif;qkcd surf sm; r&rcsi;f vGwf iHrS cGx J w
k &f ef qk;H jzwfpOf 1931
vyfa&;&onftxd aqmif&Guf
ArmjynfueG jf rLepfygwD (tvH ckEpS f Zefe0g&Dv 20 &ufaeYu
oGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;/ xko d Ydkaqmif jzL)u jynfolUtmPm*sme,fukd xkwfjyefcJhaom aMunmcsufxJ
&Guf&rnfhvkyfief;pOfrsm; twGuf trnfajymif;í uGefjrLepfaeYpOf wGif jAdwo d Q-tdE, d´ Ekid if \ H wpf
&efyaHk iG vkt d yfaMumif;/ vGwv f yf owif;pmtjzpf xkwaf 0onf/ pdww f pfa'otjzpfjzifh jrefrmEkid if H
f rI a&; &efyaHk iG 5 ode;f aumufcrH nf «OD;xifMuD; jrefrmEkdifiH owif;pm tm; ay;tyfxm;aom tkycf sKyaf &;
tñTef;('k) pm 340»
jzpfaMumif;ESifh tqkdyg&efykHaiGukd pepft& wk;d wufaqmif&u G rf rI sm;
15-1-47 rwkid rf D aumufcv H dk \ tvm;tvmrSm tdE, d´ Ekid if rH S
20 'DZifbm 1946 jAdwdoQygvD
aMumif; ajymMum;onf/ jrefrmEkdifiHtm; cGJxkwfa&;udpu ö kd
«oHawmfqifh 7-12-46»
ref atmufvTwfawmf tpnf;
qufvufaqmif&GufoGm;zkdY [l
ta0;wGif jAdwo d Q0efMuD;csKyf rpö
aom qk;H jzwfcsuaf Mumifh xdcu dk f
d Q
ocifp;dk \ uGejf rLepfygwD wm tufwvDu jrefrmEkid if EH iS hf rnf r[kwyf gaMumif;/
(jrefrmjynf) «tvHeD» tm; pyfvsO;f í aMunmcsuf wpf&yf xkdtcsdef uwnf;upí
rw&m;toif; aMunmxm;onf xkwjf yefonf/ xkad Munmcsuf tdE´d,EkdifiHwGif ukd,fykdiftkyfcsKyf
ukd ½kwo f rd ;f aMumif; jyefwrf;xkwf wGif þEkid if üH tqufqufay: a&;twGuf tMuD;tus,fa&SU½I
jyefonf/ ygwD\ pm&Gupf mwrf; aygufvmaom tpk;d &rsm; jrefrm aqmif&Gufvkyfukdifvsuf &dSaejyD
ESifh ygwDyidk yf pön;f rsm; jyefvnf vlrsKd;wkdYtay:wGif jyKxm;cJhaom jzpfonht f jyif jrefrmEkid if üH vnf;
ay;tyf&ef ñTeMf um;onf/ uwdrsm;udk rnfokdYenf;rsm;jzifh
xked nf;vrf; twkid ;f yif a&SU½Ium
«oHawmfqifh 8-42-46» twnfjzpfatmif pGrf;aqmifay
wkd;wuaqmif&Gufvsuf &dSaejyD
xkdufygoenf;[laom jyóem
jzpfaMumif;? jrefrmEkdifiHtzkdYqkdyg
18 'DZifbm 1946 AkdvfcsKyf rsm; ay:xGuv f mjyD jzpf&um; þ
u *syefwYdkwu dk cf udk o f rd ;f yku d jf cif;
atmifqef; oHjzLZ&yf jAw d o d Q "e jyóemrsm;ukd odomxif&mS ;&ap
63
ausmfNidrf;
aMumif?h tMuD;tus,f ½Iyaf xG;
oGm;cJ&h mrS jrefrmEkid if rH mS tMuD;
tus,, f ,dk iG ;f ysupf ;D vsuf jrefrm
tpk;d & twnfwus r&djS zpfcahJ y
aMumif;/
xkYdaemufrS tpk;d &uxkwf
jyefí þvTwaf wmfu oabmwl
nDcJhaom puúLjzLpmwrf;xJwGif
pDruH ed ;f wpf&yf a&;qGcJ &hJ m ¤if;pD
rHued ;f t& jrefrmEkid if H uk, d yf idk t
f yk f
csKyfa&;ukd tvQit f jrefjzpfajrmuf
atmif aqmif&Gufvkyfudkifay;Ekdif
rnf[k arQmfvifhcJhygaMumif;/
tdE´d,EkdifiHü rMumrDu
jzpfysufcJhaom taMumif;rsm;
aMumifh jrefrmvlrsK;d wkYdonf uk,
ykdiftkyfcsKyfa&;okdY ¤if;wkdYbmom
tvQiftjrefwkd;wuf aqmif&Guf
oGm;vkad om pdwrf sm; ay:ayguf
vmjyD;vQif ¤if;wkYd \acgif;aqmif
rsm;uvnf; puúLjzLpDrHudef;t&
aqmif&Gufcsufrsm; txift&Sm;
yif aESmifaES;zifEh aJT eyku H dk pdwf
raMureyf jzpfaeMuaMumif;ukd
azmfjyMuavonf/
þokYdaom taMumif;rsm;
aMumifh ¤if;pDru H ed ;f rsm; jyefvnf
pOf;pm;xku d o f nf [lí vnf;
aumif;? aqG;aEG;&mwGif wifoiG ;f
ajymqkv d adk om tcsurf sm;? tm;
6 4
vk;H udk ajymqkEd idk zf Ydk tcGit hf a&;rsm; uREykf w f Ykd tzdrk mS tusK;d &Srd nf jzpf twkdif;yif Mum;jzwftkyfcsKyfa&;
ukd jrefrmacgif;aqmifMuD;rsm; 'if ouJo h Ykd ¤if;wdYkrmS tusK;D &Srd nf opfwpfcu k dk jyKvkyzf Ydk &efrmS rjzpf
jynfu h syfjynfh ay;xku d yf gonf[k jzpfon[k uREfkyfwdkYpdwfcs,Hk Ekid yf gaMumif;/ xkYdaMumifh tkycf sKyf
bk&ifrif;jrwftpk;d &u ,lqxm; MunfygaMumif;? ¤if;wdYk onf þ a&;pepfa[mif;t& 'ifjynhfusyf
ygaMumif;/ jzpfyGm; ay:ayguf qHk;jzwfcsufrsKd;udk csrSwfvdrfh jynhf aqmif&u G o f mG ;&vdrrhf nf jzpf
vsu&f aSd om tajctaet& puúL rnf[í l vnf; uREykf w f Yko
d nf pdwf aMumif;? okYd&mwGif bk&ifcrH if;MuD;
jzLpDrHudef;rSm rajymif;rvGJ [k &if;apwemaumif;ESihf arQmfvihf trIaqmifaumifpDtzGJU0if jrefrm
bk&ifrif;jrwfu oabm rxm; ygaMumif;/ 0efMuD;rsm;vufwGif;&dS aeYpOfESifh
aMumif;/ ¤if;wkYd \ tvkq d E´rmS jrefrmEdkifiHtwGuf tkyf trQ aqmif&u G af eaom tkycf sKyf
jrefrmvlrsKd;wkdYrSm tjrefqkH;ESifh csKyfa&;opfudk jrefrmEdkifiHtrsKd; a&; udpt ö 00wkYd wiG f bk&ifrif;
toufomqk;H enf;vrf;jzifu h ,
dk f om;rsm;uom ajz&Si;f a&;qGx J ukd f jrwftpkd;&onf 0ifa&mufpGuf
ykid t
f yk cf sKyfa&;ukd &&do S nf[al om onf[k uREykf w f Ykd ,lqygaMumif;? zufvadk om qE´r&dyS gaMumif;? þ
taMumif;yif jzpfaMumif;/ xkYdjyif xdYk jyif omrHe,fy,fqikd &f m a&T; ta&;ESiphf yfvsO;f í tcuftcJrsm;
1931 ckEpS u f ay;cJah om uwdukd aumufyGJrsm;udk tajcjyKvsuf wpfpw Hk pf&m&daS eao;onf[k uk, d f
vH;k 0jynh0f atmif aqmif&u G &rnf tdEd´,EdkifiHü wdkif;jynfjyKvGwf pm;vS,ftzGJUu xifjrifcJhygvQif
d f [kívnf; bk&irif;jrwftpd;k &u awmfudk zGJUpnf;wnfaxmifxm; ¤if;tcuftcJrsm;ukd vmrnfah qG;
,lqxm;ygaMumif; txl;ojzihf onfukd pHrel mxm;um wdik ;f jynf aEG;yGüJ uREyfk w f Ydk ajyaysmufatmif
tdE, d́ Edik if EH iS fh pyfvsOf;í uREfyk f jyKvTwaf wmftwGuf a&T;aumufyJG MudK;pm; aqmif&GufoGm;vdrfhrnf
ajymjyxm;NyD;jzpfonht f wdik ;f jref topfrsm;udk usi;f yjyKvkyzf Ykd rvdk jzpfygaMumif;/
rmEdik if H tbdYkrmS vnf; xyfavmif; yJvmrnfh a&G;aumufyrJG sm;jziho f m þta&; tm;vk;H wGif
ajymjyvdkygaMumif; pdwfrygaom þ&nf&, G cf suftwdik ;f tpDtpOf tusKd;wl jynfaxmifpktwGif;rSm
vl r sKd ; rsm;tm; tusKd ; wl j ynf rsm;udk aqmif&u G v
f yk uf ikd f oGm;Edik f yif jzpfap? tyrSmyifjzpfap? jref
axmifpEk iS fh tifyikd , f m twGi;f ü ygaMumif;/ rmEkdifiHvGwfvyfa&; &rnfhtcsdef
qufvufxm;&Sd&ef uREfkyfwdkYü xked nf;wlyifvQif ,ck zGUJ ukd taqmhwvsif a&SU½IarQmrf eS ;f
qE´r&Syd gaMumif;? rdrw d Ykd tem*wf pnf;jyD;jzpfaom jrefrmtpk;d &onf &efwkdYrSm bk&ifrif;jrwftpkd;&\
ta&;udk qH;k jzwf&efrmS jrefrmEdik if H vuf&Sd tkycf sKyaf &;pepft& jrefrm vkdtifqE´ESifh BuH&G,fcsvsufyif
ol Edik if o H m;wdYk \ wm0efyifjzpf Ekid if w
H iG f tcGit hf mPmrsm;ukd 'if; jzpfygaMumif;/ okYd &mwGif jrefrm
aMumif; odY&k mwGif tu,fí ¤if; jynfhokH;pGJxkdufonf[k bk&ifrif; vlrsKd;wkYd \tusKd;twGuf þudpö
wdkYonf tusKd;wljynfxmifpkxJ jrwfu oabm&dyS gaMumif;?tdE, d´ rSm pepfususEiS hf tvQit f jrefw;dk
wGif aeNrJaebdYk qH;k jzwfcyhJ gvQif tjzpfrsK;d ü azmfjyajymqkx d m;onfh wufaqmif&GufoGm;rnfh tcsuf

yifjzpfzYdk ta&;rSm tvGew f &m
ta&;MuD;ygaMumif;/
þokYdtm;jzifh jrefrm vl
rsK;d wkYdtm; qufvuf tultnD
ay;zkYd tajctaewGif &do S if&h xSd u
dk f
ayonf[k pk;d &drf ylyefrad om
aMumifh bk&ifrif;jrwftpk;d &onf
aqG;aEG;wkdifyifzkdYtwGuf jrefrm
acgif;aqmifMuD;rsm;tm; þEkdifiH
okYd vma&mufMuzkYd zdwaf c:&jcif;
jzpfygaMumif; yg&dSonf/
«oHawmifqifh 22-13-46»
[Statement by the Prime Minis-
ter to the Horse of Commons 20
December 1946. Hourse of Com-
mons deballe (hansond) Vol 413
Cols . P 243-5]
[Burma Struggle Vol.II: PP 209
-210]
23 'DZifbm 1946 zqyvtrI
aqmif tpnf;ta0; usi;f yí
t*FvefEidk if o
H Ydk bk&ifc\
H trI
aqmifaumifp0D if zqyv0efMuD;
rsm;jzpfaom AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;?
OD;babESihf ocifjrwkYdudk apvTwf
&ef oabmwlq;Hk jzwfonf/
[Burma Struggle Vol.II: PP 213
-214]
«owif;pkHw-JG 1/ rSw-f 45/ 27-12-
46»
vGwfvyfa&;MudK;yrf;rI&ufpGJorkdif;
26 'DZifbm 1946 zqyvtzGUJ Zefe0g&Dv
csKyfu jAdwo
csuu
d Qtpk;d &\ zdwaf c:
f dk vufcaH Mumif; jyefMum;
1 1 Zefe0g&D 1947 &efuek Nf rdKU?
onf/ uefawmfrifyef;jcHü vGwv
f yfa&;
qE´jyyGJusif;yonf/
27 'DZifbm 1946 "m;jyrI? vk «oHawmfqifh 2-1-47»
,ufrI usL;vGeo f rl sm;tm; vGwf
jidrf;csrf;omcGifh xkwfjyefonf/ 2 Zefe0g&D 1947 Akv d cf sKyfatmif
[New Time of Burma 11-12-46] qef;OD;aqmifonfh jrefrmukd,f
pm;vS,ftzGJU 'gukdwmav,mOf
9 jzifh t*FvefEidk if o
H Ydk xGucf mG onf/
«'D;'kwf*sme,f/wG-J 20/ rSw-f 27/ pm
4-5/ 13-1-47»

Akv
d cf sKyfatmifqef;ESihf tdE,
d´
Ekid if H e,l;a'vDoYdk a&muf&o Sd nf/
3 Zefe0g&D 1947 &efuek cf ½kid f
zqyv tzGUJ csKyüf tmZmenf
Adrmef wnfaqmufa&; tzGUJ cGJ
4 tpnf;ta0;wGif tmZmenfArd mef
wnfaqmufa&;udprö sm; aqG;aEG;
onf/
«'D;'kwf*sme,f/wG-J 20/ rSw-f 27/ pm
14/ 13-1-47»
5 Zefe0g&D 1947 zqyvtzGUJ
csKyf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL; OD;
ausmfjidr;f t*FvefEidk if o
H Ydk jrefrm
7 ukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJU0if tjzpfoGm;
a&mufjcif;ESihf tpk;d &tzGUJ okYd 0if
65
ausmfNidrf;
a&mufjcif;wkYd aMumifh OD;AaqGtm;
zqyv tzGUJ csKyf taxGaxG
twGi;f a&;rSL; tjzpf cefYtyf
onf/
«'kwd,tMudrfjynfvkH;uRwfzqyv
nDvmcHrSwfwrf;/&efukef/ zqyvykH
ESyd /f 1948/ pm 48/aemifu;dk um;vQif
zqyv'kw, d nDvmcHrw
S w
f rf;[kñTef;
rnf/»
9 Zefe0g&D 1947 Akv d cf sKyfatmif
qef;eSihf uk,
d pf m;vS,f tzGUJ 0if 15 Zefe0g&D 1947 jrefrmuk,
tcsKdU t*FvefEidk if H vef'efjrdKUokYd pm;vS,t
a&muf&dSonf/
[Burma Struggle Vol.II: PP 249
-250]
[Huge Tinker The Union of Bur- &m Akv
ma,Oxford University Press, 19
57. P 23, hereafter cited as Huge
Tinker The Union of Burma]
10 ESifh 16 Zefe0g&D 1947 zq
yvtzGUJ csKyrf S MuD;rSL;í &efuek jf rdKU
ESihf jrefrmwpfjynfv;Hk wGif vGwf
vyfa&;qE´EiS hf tiftm;jyyGJ &uf
owåywfqifETJonf/
«OD;AaqG vGwfvyfa&;yef;wkdifokdY pm
38/ a&Tw*l sme,f/ wG-J 1/ rSw-f 14/
1-9-1971»
14 Zefe0g&D 1947 jrefrmukd,f
pm;vS,t f zGUJ ESihf jAdwo
d Qtpk;d &wkYd
vef'efjrdKU trSwf 10 a'gif;eif;
6 6
vrf;&dS jAdwo d Q eef;&if;0ef½;Hk ü
tpnf;ta0;usi;f yonf/ tpnf;
ta0;wGif AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef;u
jrefrmuk,
d pf m;vS,tf zGUJ \ taxG
axGaMunmcsuf toifrh jzpfaom
aMumifh wifjyojzifh tpnf;ta0;
ukd Zefe0g&Dv 15 &ufaeYwiG f
usif;y&ef qk;H jzwfonf/
[Burma Struggle Vol.II: PP 261
-267]
d f
f zGUJ ESihf jAdwo d Qtpk;d &
uk,
d pf m;vS,w f Ydk trSwf 10 a'gif;
eif;vrf;wGif tpnf;ta0;usi;f y
d cf sKyfatmifqef;u jrefrm
ukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJUü taxGaxG
aMunmcsufukd wifoGif;onf/
[Burma Struggle Vol.II: PP 267 « jrefrmhtvif; 22-1-47»
-269]
16 Zefe0g&D 1947 ya'o&mZf
rSm &Srf;jynfe,fpyfzrsm;aumifpD
awmif;qkd&ef ]]&Srf;jynfe,frsm;
udpö trSmpm 1 ESihf 2 }}ukd twnf [Burma Struggle Vol.II: P 313]
jyK qk;H jzwfonf/
«OD;tke;f az yifvkHppfwrf; pm 381-
349»
17 Zefe0g&D 1947 &ckid jf ynfe,f ay:uGefz&ifhwGif ocifoef;xGef; EkdifiHokdY jyefvnfxGufcGmonf/
dk f 37 OD; tm; Ouú|tjzpf wifajrm§ uf
wGif OD;pdEmÅ ESiahf emufvu
vufeufcsonf/ «owif;pkH*sme,f/wGJ-1/ rSwf-46/
[Burma Struggle Vol.II: PP pm¿/ 31-1-47»
520]
23 Zefe0g&D 1947 jrefrmEkdifiH
21 Zefe0g&D 1947 ya'o&mZf bk&ifcH\trIaqmifaumifpDu
&Srf;jynfe,f pyfzrsm;aumifpDu jrefrmjynf uGejf rLepfygwD ESihf
jrefrmEkid if b
H &k ifcH qm[l;bwf&efY uGejf rLepfygwD (jrefrmjynf) tm;
pfrw
S pfqifh jAdwo d Qtpk;d &xH ]]&Sr;f rw&m;toif; tjzpf aMunm
jynfe,frsm;udpö trSmpm 1 ESihf onf/
2}} ukd ay;ykYdonf/ [Burma Struggle Vol.II: P 349]
[Burma Struggle Vol.II: PP ?] «jrefrmhtvif; 25-1-47»
«OD;tke;f az yifvkHppfwrf; pm 395» «ol&d, 22-1-47»
«jrefrmEkdifiHjyefwrf; 24-1-47»

ocifp;dk \ tvHeu D eG jf rLepfyg
wDu OD;aqmifí twGi;f 0efrsm;½k;H 25 Zefe0g&D 1947 ¿
(,ck 0efMuD;rsm;½k;H )ukd 0kid ;f íqE´
jy&m ykvyd rf sm;u vlpck o JG nf/ 27 Zefe0g&D 1947 atmifqef;
[Burma Struggle Vol.II: PP 337 -tufwvD oabmwlpmcsKyfukd
-338] vufrw S af &;xk;d onf/ oawmwl
nDcsuf\ aemufqufwGJukd OD;
apmESihf ocifApdew f Ydku oabm

bMu;D bab (zqyvtzGUJ rwlnaD Mumif; rSwcf sujf zifh vuf
csKyf? bk&ifcHtrIaqmifaumifpD rSwfa&;xkd;onf/
0if) t*FvefEidk if H vef'efNrdKUokYd [Burma Struggle Vol.II: PP 376
xGufcGmonf/ -382]
31 Zefe0g&D 1947 Akv d cf sKyf
22 Zefe0g&D 1947 jrefrmjynf atmifqef;OD;aqmifonfh jrefrm
uGejf rLepfygwD (tvHjzL) ta&; uk, d pf m;vS,t f zGUJ vef'efrjS refrm
onf/Ä
Ä aemufyidk ;f wGif taxGaxG twGi;f a&;rSL;[k azmfjyxm;onfuadk wGU&onf
 vGwfvyfa&;MudK;yrf;rI&ufpGJorkdif;
azaz:0g&D Mum;onf/ jzwfonf/ olUuk, d pf m;vS,rf sm;tm; yl;aygif;
í &Sr;f jynfaumifpt D rIaqmiftzGUJ
2 azaz:0g&D 1947 AkdvfcsKyf
yifvn Hk v
D mcH pwifusi;f y
u&ifA[kd tpnf;t½k;H MuD;ukd Shan State Council zGUJ pnf;
atmifqef;OD;aqmifonfh jrefrm onf/ u&iftrsK;d om; or*¾ (Karen onf/
ukd,fpm;vS,ftzGJU &efukefjrdKUokdY National Union K.U.N) [lí
jyefvnfa&muf&dSonf/ 4 azaz:0g&D 1947 Akv d cf sKyf trnfopfay;onf/ Ouú|tjzpf 9 azaz:0g&D 1947 yifvn Hk vD m
[Burma Struggle Vol.II: PP387] atmifqef;u toHvi T ½hf rHk S bdvyf apmpHb;dk oifEiS hf 'kw, d Ouú| apm cHoYdk abmfweG rf av? rpöwmvuf
« jrefrmhtvif; 5-2-47» jyefrdefYcGef;ukd ajymMum;onf/ bOD;MuD;? taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL; 0'fcsf (Mr. Ledwidge)ESihf *Reaf v
« oHawmfqifh 22-1-47» tjzpf o&momxkd wkYdjzpfonf/ 'if (John Leyden) wkYda&muf&Sd
«OD;nDav; igwkdYAkdvfcsKyf (y) pm 274»
jAdwo

d Qtpk;d &\ 'krd eD ,
D q
H idk &f m onf/
ygvDref twGi;f 0ef at&Datmf
jrefrmEki d if vH ;Hk qkid &f m awmifol

n 8 em&DwiG f zqyvtrI
wGerf av (Mr. Arthur George v,form;tpnf;t½kH; nDvmcH
tif;pdef tusO;f axmifwiG f
aqmiftpnf;ta0;usi;f y&m Akv d f
Bottomley) jrefrmEkdifiHa&muf&dS wGif Akv
d cf sKyaf tmifqef;u rdeYfceG ;f tusO;f om;rsm; x<urIay:ayguf
csKyfatmifqef;u atmifqef;-
onf/ ajymMum;&mü awmifov l ,f onft h wGuf aoewfjzifh ypfcwf
tufwvD oabmwlnDcsufukd
orm;rsm;onf jrefrmEkid if w H iG f vl ESrd ef if;&m ok;H OD;aoqk;H jyD; trsm;
wifjyonf/ trIaqmiftzGUJ 0ifwYdk
5 azaz:0g&D 1947 u&ifA[kd rsm;pkMuD; jzpfaMumif;? awmifol tjym; 'Pf&m&&do S nf/
u aqG;aEG;jyD; atmifqef;-tuf
tzGUJ csKyrf S MuD;rSL;í u&ifnv D mcH v,form; tcGifhta&;rygonfh
wvDoabmwlncD sufudk vufcH
obif usi;f yí atmifqef;tuf vGwfvyfa&;onf t"dyÜm,fr&dS 10 azaz:0g&D 1947 jrefrmEkid f
&ef qk;H jzwfonf/
wvDoabmwlncD suo f nf u&if aMumif;/ awmifolv,form;vkd iH bk&ifc\ H trIaqmifaumifp0D if
trsK;d om;wkYd\ tcGit hf a&;udk xd vm;onfh ajrpepfudk jyKjyifajymif; o,f,lykdYaqmifa&;ESifh vrf;yef;

jrefrmtpk;d & twGi;f 0efcsKyfu
yg; epfemapojzifh uefYuu G f vJvkdaMumif; ajymMum;onf/ qufo, G af &; 0efMuD; ocifApdef
jAdwdoQtpkd;& jrefrmEkdifiHtwGif;
aMumif; qk;H jzwfonf/ uefYuu G f EIwfxGufonf/
0efxH jrefrmEkid if w
H iG f wln0D wfpHk
csufudk jrefrmEkid if H bk&ifcrH w S pf 7 azaz:0g&D 1947 yifvn Hk vD m
0wfonfh tzGUJ tpnf; 8 zGUJ &dS
qifh jAdwo d Qeef;&if;0efxH ay;ykYd cH usi;f yaepOftwGi;f awmifwef; 12 azaz:0g&D 1947 yifvHk
aMumif; tpD&ifco H nf/
onf/ om;rsm; pnf;vk;H nDnw G af &;tzGUJ oabmwlncD suu f dk Akvd cf sKyf
Supreme Council of United atmifqef;ESihf wki d ;f &if;om;acgif;
3 azaz:0g&D 1947 Akv d cf sKyf Hill People/ SCOUHP zGUJ pnf; aqmif 22 OD; vufrw

nDvmcHwi G f apmbOD;MuD;tm; S af &;xk;d
atmifqef;u zqyvtzGJUcsKyfü onf/
bk&ifcH\ trIaqmifaumifpDrS onf/
owif;pmq&mrsm;udk zdwfMum;
EIwx
f u
G &f ef qk;H jzwfonf/ a&G;
um vef'efüjyKvkycf ahJ om vGwf
&Sr;f apmfbmG ;rsm;ESihf &Sr;f jynf 13 azaz:0g&D 1947 jrefrmEkdifiH
aumufyGJ oydwfarSmuf&ef qkH;
vyfa&;aqG;aEG;yGu
J dk &Si;f vif;ajym
67
ausmfNidrf;
bk&ifcH\ trIaqmifaumifpD0if jyefvnfzGJUpnf;onf/
ynma&;ESit hf rsK;d om;pDru
H ed ;f 0ef
MuD; OD;apm EIwx f u
G of nf/ 25 azaz:0g&D 1947 jrefrmjynf
uGeNf rLepfygwD (tvHjzL) uOD;
u uGejf rLepfygwD (jrefrmjynf) aqmifí jzL;jrdKUwGif jrefrmEkid if H
tvHeDacgif;aqmif ocifpkd;tm; vkH;qkdif&m awmifolv,form;
zrf;rdonf/ rsm; nDvmcHudk usi;f yonf/
15 ESifh 16 azaz:0g&D 1947 azaz:0g&D 1947 awmifwef;
zqyv A[kOd ;D pD;tzGUJ yÍörtMudrf a'o pkpH rf;a&;aumfrwD (Fron-
ajrmuf tpnf;ta0;usi;f yonf/ tier Area Enquiry Committee)
tpnf;ta0;wGif AkdvfcsKyfatmif ukd zGJUpnf;onf/ aumfrwDwGif
qef;u atmifqef;-tufwvD Ouú|tjzpf jAdwo d QvTwaf wmf
pmcsKyEf iS hf pyfvsO;f í &Si;f vif;wif avbmtrwf rpöwm &D;pf0v
jy&m A[kOd ;D pD;tzGUJ u atmifqef; (Lt. Col. D.R Rees William )u
-tufwvD pmcsKyfukd vufcH aqmif&u G jf yD; jrefrmuk, d pf m;vS,f
twnfjyKonf/ rsm;tjzpf OD;Ek? OD;wifxw G ?f OD;
cifarmifuav;? OD;ausmfjidrf;?
22 azaz:0g&D 1947 Karen e,fjcm;a'o ukd,fpm;vS,frsm;
Concil of Action \qk;H jzwfcsuf tjzpf rkid ;f yGeaf pmfbmG ; pyfpx H eG ;f
rsm;ukd Ouú| apmpHb;dk oif ESihf (&Srf;)? qrm;'l;0g;qif0g;aemif
twGif;a&;rSL; apmpHau;wkdYu (ucsi)f ? OD;0rfuadk [m (csi;f )? apm
xkwfjyefonf/ pHau; (u&iftrsKd;om;,leD,H)
wkYd yg0ifjyD; twGi;f a&;rSL;tjzpf
23 azaz:0g&D 1947 jrefrmEkdifiH vef'ef&dS jrefrmEkdifiHqkdif&m½kH;rS
bk&ifcH\trIaqmifaumifpDukd rpöwm vuf0*D sf (Mr. W.B.J
Ledwidge) wGb J uf twGi;f a&;
rSL; tjzpf e,fjcm;0efxrf;tzGUJ 0if
OD;xGef;az? vufaxmuftwGif;
a&;rSL;tjzpf Akv d rf LS ;&Sr;f vkw
H Ydk yg
6 8
0ifonf/ cspMf unfa&; txdr;f trSwf
ausmufwkdifpkdufxl&ef tkwfjrpfcs
rwf v tcrf;tem; usi;f y&m 'D;'kwOf ;D
bcsKd? OD;0rfo;l armifEiS hf Z[l;wkYd
1 rwfv 1947 u&ifftrsKd;om; tkwfjrpfcsMuonf/
,le, D H tpnf;ta0;udk trSwf 5
OD;vlev D rf; prf;acsmif;wGif usif; 7 &ufESifh 17 &uf rwf 1947
yonf/ tpnf;ta0;wGif Ouú| awmifwef;a'o pkHprf;a&;aumf
apmpHbkd;oifu u&ifawmif;qkd rwDonf ucsiaf 'o? jrpfMuD;em;?
csuf 6 &yfEiS hf ywfoufí auseyf Aef;armf? &Sr;f jynfe,frS vm;½I;d ?
zG,&f m jyefMum;csuf r&ao; vG,v f ifEiS hf awmifMuD;? u&ifeD
aMumif; ajymMum;onf/ (,cku,m;) rS vGKd ifaumfEiS hf
armfO;D jrdKUrsm;wGif yPmrpkpH rf;ppf
D QH 2 rwf 1947 rpöwm&D;0DvsH jrefr aq;rIrsm; jyKvkyo f nf/
rmEkid if H a&muf&o Sd nf/
8 rwf 1947 jrefrmjynfa&G;
3 rwf 1947 Akv d cf sKyfatmifqef; aumufyJG rif;MuD;u rJay;ykaH y;
u u&iftrsK;d om;,le,D rf enf;pepfudk xkwfjyefonf/
twGif;a&;rSL;xH u&iftrsKd;om; jref rmjynf
tcGiahf &;ESihf pyfvsO;f onfh pmjyef a&G;aumufyGJrif;MuD;u
Mum;ay;ykdYonf/ rJay;ykHenf;ukdxkwfjyef
rJay;a&; tpDtpOfwGif
4 rwf 1947 jrefrmEkdifiHbk&ifcH trwfae&m wpfae&mwnf;twGuf
\trIaqmifaumifpD0if 0efMuD; ay;&mrS trwfae&mtrsm;twGuf
apmbOD;MuD; EIwx f uG of nf/ ay;jcif;okYd ajymif;vGo J mG ;vdrrhf nf
jzpfaMumif;? rJqE´e,f wpfe,f
4 &ufESifh 6 &uf rwf 1947 wGif trwfEpS af ,mufus a&G;
yckuLú c½kid f xD;vif;jrdKUwGif csi;f - rnf/ rJqE´&iS w f pfO;D onf eHygwf
ArmcspfMunfa&;nDvmcHudk usif; wl rJjym; 2 ck&rnf/ ¤if;rJjym;ESpf
yjyD; nae 5 em&DwiG f csi;f -Arm ckv;Hk ukd rJy;Hk wpfcx k oJ Ydk rxnfEh idk /f
 vGwfvyfa&;MudK;yrf;rI&ufpGJorkdif;
trwfavmif;onf rJqE´&Sifwpf (4) qkid &f ma'o (ucsi?f csi;f ESihf xH tpD&ifcpH mukd wifoiG ;f onf/
OD;xHrS rJjym; 2 ckr&Ekid /f t*Fvyd f &Sr;f ) uk, d pf m;vS,f ok;H ykEH pS yf Hk rJ 21 rwf 1947 zqyvtzGJUcsKyf
Armujym;ü owfrw S af e&mü , ray;vQif rnfonfh Oya'rQ,if; ESihf jrefrmjynfueG jf rLepfygwD aph 28 rwf 1947 rsKd;cspfygwDacgif;
cifu trwf 2 a,muf? ,ck e,fajr a'ookYd tmPmouf pyfcsuf 3 csuf owif;pmrsm;wGif aqmif OD;apmu owif;pmq&m
trwf 4 a,mufa&G;aumufrnf/ a&mufciG hf r&daS p&/ yg&dSonf/ rsm;tm; zdwfMum;í owif;pm
rJqE´&Sifrsm;onf ,cifuuJhodkY (5) avmavmq,f tajctae &Sif;vif;yGJjyKvkyfjyD; ]]twkduftcH
pmwkdufrS rJay;Ekdif/ rJt&m&dSu t& e,fjcm;a'orsm;wGif rJykH; 22 rwf 1947 zqyvtzGJUcsKyf Ekid if aH &;ygwDwpfcu k tMuHtpnf
23-3-47 xufaemufrusbJ rJ axmif a&G;aumufyGJ jyKvkyf&ef taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL; OD;AaqG ESpcf k pDpOfaeaMumif;/ xkt d MuHEpS f
pm&Gurf sm;udk a&pöpMwdvyk yf Ykdrnf/ rjzpfEidk af o;aomaMumifh a'ot u aMunmcsuf xkwjf yefonf/ ck teufwpfcrk mS ¤if;ukd aoewf
rJqE´&iS uf rJukd owfrw S jf y;D csuf vkud cf efYxm;a&G;cs,af om pepft xkdaMunmcsufwGif jzifyh pfí raoojzifh raorcsi;f
csi;f jyefyYdk&rnf/ 12-4-47 nae & wkid ;f jyKjynfjyK vTwaf wmfoYdk zqyv tzGJU0iftaygif;wkdYonf owf&ef ESihf rdrw d Ydk rsK;d csptf zGUJ ukd
6 em&Dausmrf S &aomf vufrcH/ wufa&mufcGifh&&ef/ jrefrmvGwv f yfa&;udk txl;aESmifh rw&m;toif; aMunm&ef jzpf
(6) awmifwef;om;rsm; pnf;vk;H aES;MuefYMumapcsiaf om e,fcsUJ aMumif;/ rdrrd mS narSmifvQif
18 rwf 1947 jrefrmjynftpkd; nDnw G af &; OD;pD;tzGUJ taejzifw h pf orm;wkYdEiS hf rpm;&onft h rJudk oJ rxGuf0HhawmhaMumif; ajymMum;
&uEkid if jH cm;a&;Xmewpfck oD;oefY pkwpf½;Hk wnf; wkid ;f jyKjynfjyKvTwf ESifhyuf&ef BuHpnfMudK;pm;vsuf&dS onf/
zGifhvSpfonf/ awmfwiG f yg0if&efwYdk udk qk;H jzwf aom Ekid if aH &;orm;wkYd\ MuHpnf
onf/ MudK;yrf;csufwkdYukd axmufcHtm; {jyD v

anmifa&TjrdKUü awmifwef;om; ay;jcif;jzpfaponfh uk, d tf rlt&m
rsm; pnf;vk;H nDnw G af &; OD;pD;tzGUJ
awmifwef;a'o pkpH rf;a&; REI w
I t
f rlt&mrsm;udk txl;owdjyK 1 {jyD 1947 jAdwdoQygvDrefu
tpnf;ta0;usif;y&m xkt d pnf; aumfrwD\ yxrtpnf;ta0; a&Smif&mS ;Mu&ef av;eufpmG owd yifvkHpmcsKyfudk twnfjyKonf/
ta0;tzGJUrS usi;f yonf/ xkt d pnf;ta0;wGif ay;vkdufaMumif;
(1) jrefrmjynfEiS hf wef;wlvOl ;D a& pkpH rf;a&;tzGUJ rS tzGUJ tpnf;rsm;ESihf yg&dSonf/ 1 &ufESifh 3 &uf {jyD 1947
tcsK;d t& wkid ;f jyKjynfjyK vTwf vlyk*dK¾ vfrsm;tm; ar;jref;&rnf/ &ckid jf ynfe,f ajrykjH rdKUwGif &ckid f
awmfokdY ukd,fpm;vS,ftrwfrsm; ar;cGe;f 18 ckudk twnfjyKq;Hk 24 rwf 1947 avmh'fvl0Darmifh wkdif;vkH;qkdif&m nDnGwfa&;wyf
apvTwf&ef/ jzwfonf/ bufwef tdE, d´ Ekid if \
H bk&ifcH aygif;pk nDvmcHudk usi;f yonf/
(2) ucsiEf iS hf csi;f wkYdurdk l vlO;D a& csKyf tjzpf cefYtyfjcif;cH&onf/
t&r[kwb f J trwfO;D a& ykrd adk p 19 rwf ESifh 21 {jyD 1947 9 {jyD 1947 wkid ;f jyKjynfjyKvTwf
vTwfcGifh&&ef/ awmifwef;a'opkpH rf;a&; aumfr
jrefrmEki d if H tpk;d &u cefYtyf awmf a&G;aumufyJG usi;f yonf/
(3) vGwv f yfjyD;aemuf jrefrmjynf wDonf jrefrmjynfrESihf awmif xm;onfh xef;wyif aoewfypf a&G;aumufyGJwGif
rS tcsed rf a&G; cGx J uG cf iG hf &&ef/ wef;a'o&dS oufaorsm;udk pkpH rf; rI pkpH rf;a&;aumfrwDonf tpk;d & zqyv 172
ar;jref;onf/
69
ausmfNidrf;
u&if 24
jrefrmjynfuGefjrLepf 7
t*Fvdyf-jrefrmujym; 4
wpfoD;yk*¾v 3 wdoQ tdE,
toD;oD;a&G;aumuf cH&
onf/

jrefrm wpfEidk if vH ;Hk twGuf
wkdif;jyKjynfjyK trwfae&m pkpk
aygif;rS 255 ae&mjzpfonf/ xkd
255 ae&mteuf zqyvtzGUJ csKyf
u todtrSwjf yKjcif;jzifh atmif
jrifpmG ta&G;cs,cf &H aom trwf
OD;a&rSm 243 a,mufjzpfonf/
zqyvu 95.3 %jzifh a&G;
aumufcH&jcif;jzpfonf/
9 {jyD 1947 jrefrmEkid if b H &k ifcH
u bk&ifcH\trIaqmifaumifpD
0ifrsm;jzpfMuonfh apmbOD;MuD;
ESihf qmarmifMuD;wkYd trIaqmif
aumifprD S EIwx
f u
G jf cif;ukd vufcH
onf/
7 0
18 {jyD 1947 wkdif;jyKjynfjyK vufrSwfa&;xkd;onf/
vTwaf wmf jrdwrf q J E´e,f trwf 12 ar 1947 OD;babu owif;
OD;armifarmifcif vku d yf gaom jAd arv pmq&mrsm;tm; zdwMf um;í rdrd
d´ a&aMumif;ukrP Ü yD idk f bk&ifcH\trIaqmifaumifpD0if
(British Indi Sterm Irrarigation 3 ar 1947 awmifwef;a'o pkH tjzpfrS EIwfxGuf&jcif;ukd &Sif;
Company)tufpftufpfqmaA; prf;a&; aumfrwDtpD&ifcHpmukd vif;onf/
t'ifqif (S.S. Sir Harvery Sd- jrefrmEkid if b
H &k ifcH qm[l;bwf&efY
amsim )oabmFonf &efukefrS \ trIaqmifaumifpu D vufcH 17 ar 1947 awmifwef;a'o
jrdwof Ydk xGucf mG vm&m xm;0,fü onf/ pkHprf;a&;aumfrwD tpD&ifcHpmudk
rkd;avjyif;xefpGm usa&mufpOf jAdwdoQtpkd;&u vufcHonf/
aysmufqkH;onf/ 8 ar 1947 zqyvtzGJUcsKyf
tvkyt f rIaqmiftzGUJ tpnf;ta0; 19 &ufESifh 23 &uf ar 1947
23 {jyD 1947 avmh'v f pöw0dk v J f usif;yí bk&ifc\ H trIaqmif &efukefNrdKU *sLAvDa[mcef;rwGif
(Lord Listowel )tm; jAdwo d Q aumifpD0if zqyvtzGJUcsKyfrS zqyvtzGUJ csKyf yPmrjyifqifrI
tpk;d &u jrefrmEkid if q
H idk &f m ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&; 0efMuD; OD; nDvmcHudk usi;f yí tqkd 14 &yf
twGif;0eftjzpf cefYtyfonf/ babtm; zqyv A[kOd ;D pD;tzGUJ ukd wifoiG ;f um qk;H jzwfcsucf s
rSvnf;aumif;? bk&ifcH\trI rSwo f nf/ xkn d v D mcHrS jrefrmEkid f
24 {jyD 1947 awmifwef;a'o aqmifaumifpDrS vnf;aumif; iHtm; vk;H 0vGwv f yfaom tcsKyf
pkHprf;a&;aumfrwD\ tpD&ifcHpm xkwfy,faMumif; qkH;jzwfonf/ tjcmtmPmykid f or®wEkid if aH wmf
ukd tzGUJ 0ifrsm; wpfnw D pfnw
G f tjzpf wnfaxmif&efEiS hf jynf
wnf; vufrw S af &;xk;d twnfjyK 10 ar 1947 jrefrmEkid if b H &k ifcH axmifpkjrefrmEkdifiHawmf zGJUpnf;
onf/ \ trIaqmifaumifp0D if zvy tkycf sKyyf t Hk ajccHOya'ukd wifoiG ;f
v tzGUJ csKyfrS ul;oef;a&mif;0,f qkH;jzwfonf/
30 {jyD 1947 jAdwo d Qtpd;k &ESihf a&;0efMuD; OD;bab &mxl;rS EIwf
b@ma&;jyóemt&yf&yfudk ajz xGufonf/ 21 ar 1947 Akv d cf sKyfatmifqef;
&Si;f &ef bk&ifc\ H trIaqmif u zqyvtzGUJ csKyf yPmrnDvm
aumifp0D if 0efMuD;ocifjrESihf jAd
Akvd cf sKyfatmifqef;u owif; cH obmywdred YfceG ;f wGif zqyv
wdoQtpk;d & uk, d pf m;vS,f *sed ;f pmq&mrsm;tm; zdwMf um;í bk&if tzGUJ onf 'krd eD , D t H qifh vGwv f yf
u&GefbD(James I.C. Crombin) cH\trIaqmifaumifprD S OD;bab a&;udk rvkrd &db S J vk;H 0vGwv f yf
wkYd jr-u&Geb
f D oabmwlncD suf tm; EIwfxGufckdif;&jcif;ESifh pyf a&;uko d m tvk&d aSd Mumif;xnfo h iG ;f
vsOf; &Si;f vif;onf/

ajymMum;onf/
26 ar 1947 jAw d o
d Qtpk;d & a&
wyfrawmfrS tdycf st
f rftufpf azm
vftrnf&Sd ppfoabFmudk ar,k[k
trnfajymif;um jrefrmtpkd;&okdY
vTGJajymif;ay;tyfonf/
27 ar 1947 yk*HOD;A*srf;ESifh
OD;0if;wkYd bk&ifc\
H trIaqmif
aumifp0D if&mxl;ukd vufco
H nf/
ZG e f v
2 ZGef 1947 zvyvtzGUJ csKyfrS
ocifEkonf wkdif;jyKjynfjyKvTwf
awmf jrdwrf q J E´e,f Mum;jzwfa&G;
aumufyw JG iG f ,SOjf ydKio
f rl &dS ta&G;
cH&onf/
3 ZGef 1947 jrefrmjynf\aemuf
qk;H bk&if oDaygrif;ESihf rdz&k m;pk
zk&m;vwf\ yxr orD;awmf
t&Six f yd pf jk rwfz&k m;MuD; tdE,
d´ Ekid f
iH &wem*D&jd rdKUwGif uG,v
onf/
5 &ufESifh 6 &uf ZGef 1947
u&iftrsKd;om;,leD,H? u&ifvl
i,ftpnf;t½kH; wGJzufaumfrwD
ESihf jrefrmEkid if v
H ;Hk qkid &f m u&if
vGwfvyfa&;MudK;yrf;rI&ufpGJorkdif;
trsK;d om; tpnf;t½k;H wkYd tpnf; odrf;onf/ axmif&ef qk;H jzwfvu
dk jf yD jzpf
ta0;usif;yonf/ aMumif; yg&do
S nf/
19 ZGef 1947 ocifEkacgif; Zlvkdifv
6 ZGef 1947 &efuek jf rdKU jynfvrf; aqmifaom jrefrmcspfMunfa&;
[Hom0wDt0kid ;f teD;&dS qk&d efwdk uk, d pf m;v,ftzGUJ (Good will 9 Zlvidk f 1947 tif;pdefaxmifql
ADvm (Sorento Villa) (,ckpmay Mission) t*FvefEidk if o H Ydk oGm; rI pkpH rf;a&;tpD&ifcpH m wifoiG ;f
Adrmef) taqmuftODwiG f vGwf a&mufonf/ onf/
vyfaom jrefrmEkid if H jyefvnfxl
axmifa&; pDru H ed ;f aqG;aEG;yGu J si;f 24 ZGef 1947 Akv d w f axmif bDtdk 12 Zlvkdif 1947 ocifEkacgif;
yonf/ xkad qG;aEG;yGw J iG f ]]jynf pD vufeufwu dk rf S b&if;*ef;t aqmifaom jrefrmcspfMunfa&;
axmifpk jrefrmEkid if aH wmf pD;yGm; vuf 200 ausmaf ysmufq;Hk onf/ ud,
k pf m;vS,t
f zGUJ t*FvefEidk if rH S
a&;wk;d wufa&; 2 ESppf rD u H ed ;f }} cs jyefvnfa&muf&dSonf/
rSwfcJhonf/ aqG;aEG;yGJjyKvkyf 25 ZGef 1947 ocifEk OD;aqmif
onfah e&mudk tpGjJ yKí qk&d efwAdk D aom jrefrmcspMf unfa&; ud, k pf m; 13 Zlvidk f 1947 &efuek jf rKd Uawmf
vm pDru H ed ;f [kac:Muonf/ vS,t f zGUJ t*Fvef 0efMuD;csKyf cef;rwGif vlxt k pnf;ta0;usi;f
tufwvDEiS hf awGUqkaH qG;aEG; yí Akv d cf sKyaf tmifqef;u vuf&Sd
10 ZGef 1947 wkdif;jynfjyKjynf onf/ wkid ;f jyKjynfjyKvw T af wmf yko
H P²mef
jyKvTwaf wmf yxrnDvmcHusi;f y ESihf vGwv f yfa&;wpfEpS t f wGi;f &
onf/ 26 ZGef 1947 zqyvtzGJUcsKyf ap&ef tmrcHaMumif; ajymMum;
uaMunmwpf&yf xkwjf yefonf/ onf/
11 ZGef 1947 ocifEt k m; wkid ;f tqkdygaMunmcsuffwGif wkdif;jyK
jyKjynfjyK vTwaf wmfOuú| tjzpf jynfjyKvTwaf wmfu jrefrmEkid if u H dk 16 Zlvkdif 1947 ref;bZHu
a&G;aumufwifajr§mufonf/ tcsKyt f jcmtmPm vk;H 0vGwv f yf u&iftrsK;d om;,le, D \
H vuf
aom wkid ;f jynftjzpfjzifh tkycf sKyf eufuidk tf zGUJ udk zGUJ pnf;onf/ p
f eG f 16 ZGef 1947 wkdif;jyKjynfjyK a&; pnf;rsO;f Oya' a&;qG&J ef wifzUJG pnf;pOfu u&iftrsKd;om;
vTwaf wmfwiG f Akv d cf sKyaf tmifqef; twnfjyKjyD;jzpfaomaMumifh 'krd eD D umuG,af &;tzGUJ (Karen Nation
u¿ ,Hjyóemonf vkH;0ray:awmh al Union Degence Organiza-
aMumif;? jrefrmEkid if o
H nf jAdwo d Q tion) [kac:cJah omfvnf; aemuf
18 ZGef 1947 wkdif;jyKjynfjyK "eo[m,twGif;rS cGJxGufum ykid ;f wGif (Karen National De-
vTwaf wmf yxrnDvmcHukd ½kwf vGwv f yfaom Ekid if t H jzpf xl fence Organization) [k ajymif;
71
ausmfNidrf;
vJac:a0:cJhonf/ 'kwd,Ouú|ESifh EkdifiHjcm;a&;&m ynma&;0efMuD; vTwaf wmf 'kw,
d tpnf;ta0;ukd
0efMuD; 9/ OD;atmifZaH 0 pwifusif;yonf/
19 Zlvkdif 1947 &efukefjrdKU 2/ Akvd v f ufsm vlrI0efxrf;0efMuD;
twGif;0efrsm;½kH; (,ck0efMuD;rsm; umuG,fa&;0efMuD; 10/ ocifveG ;f abmf Mo*k w f v
½k;H ü) Akvd cf sKyfatmifqef;ESihf tpk;d 3/ OD;jr(aysmfb, G )f jyefMum;a&;0efMuD;
&tzGUJ 0if 0efMuD;rsm; tpnf;ta0; b@ma&;ESifhtcGefawmf0efMuD; 11/ OD;b*sr;f 1 Mo*kwfv 1947 ocifEk OD;
jyKvkyaf epOf *VKefO;D apm\aemuf 4/ OD;ausmfjidr;f jynfoUl vkyif ef;ESihf jyefvnf xl aqmifaom bk&ifcH\trIaqmif
vku d rf sm;\ vufcsufjzifh jynfxJa&;ESifhw&m;a&;0effMuD; axmifa&;0efMuD; aumifpu D dk jyefvnfzUJG pnf;onf/
AkdvfcsKyfatmifqef; 5/ OD;jr([oFmw) 12/ apmpHb;dk oif 1/ ocifEk
ocifjr ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;ESihf aqmuf o,f,lykdYaqmifa&;ESifh vrf;yef; 0efMuD;csKyfEiS hf jyefMum;a&;0efMuD;
'D;'kwfOD;bcsKd vkyfa&;0efMuD; qufoG,fa&;0efMuD; 2/ Akvd vf ufsm
OD;&mZwf 6/ OD;0if; 13/ pyfpxH eG ;f twkid yf ifcEH iS hf umuG,af &;0efMuD;
OD;b0if; pufrv I ufrEI iS t hf vkyo f rm;0efMuD; 14/ pyfceG cf sKd 3/ OD;ausmfjidr;f
ref;bckdif 7/ ocifwif 15/ OD;azcif jynfxJa&;ESifhw&m;a&;0effMuD;
rkdif;yGefapmfbGm;MuD; pyfpHxGef; v,f,mpkdufysKd;a&;ESifhaus;vuf 16/ OD;wifx#G f 4/ OD;wifx#G f
OD;tkef;armif pD;yGm;a&;0efMuD; 17/ ref;0if;armif b@ma&;ESifhtcGefawmf0efMuD;
&JabmfukdaxG; 8/ Akv d zf ;dk uGe;f 5/ OD;b*sr;f
wkdYusqkH;onf/ 21 Zlvkdif 1947 tmZmenf ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;ESihf aqmuf
acgif;aqmifMuD;rsm;\ ½kyu f vyf vkyfa&;0efMuD;

nwGi;f csif;yif jrefrmEkid if H ukd *sLAvDa[mokYd ajymif;a&TUxm; 6/ OD;jr(aysmfb, G )f
bk&ifcH qm[l;bwf&efYpu f ocif &dSonf/ o,f,lykdYaqmifa&;ESifh vrf;yef;
Ekukd zdwfac:í bk&ifcH\trI qufoG,fa&;0efMuD;
aqmif aumifpo D pfudk zGUJ pnf; 26 Zlvidk f 1947 tmZmenfacgif; 7/ ocifwif
onf/ aqmifMuD;rsm; psmyeaumfrwD v,f,mpkdufysKd;a&;ESifhaus;vuf
tpnf;ta0;usif;yí wpfEkdifiH pD;yGm;a&;0efMuD;
20 Zlvidk f 1947 jrefrmEkid if b
H &k if vk;H 0rf;enf;onfah eUtjzpf owf 8/ ref;0if;armif
cH qm[l;bwf&efYp\ f trIaqmif rSwfvkdufaMumif; aMunmonf/ pufrv I ufrEI iS t hf vkyo f rm;0efMuD;
aumifp0D if (0efMuD;rsm;) usr;f 9/ OD;atmifZaH 0
opömusdeq f o
dk nf/ tzGUJ 0ifrsm;rSm 29 Zlvkdif 1947 wkid ;f jyKjynfjyK vlrI0efxrf;0efMuD;
1/ ocifEk

7 2

10/ ocifveG ;f abmf
11/ OD;jr([oFmw)
trsKd;om;pDrHudef;0efMuD;
12/ Akv
d b f ;dk uGe;f
jynfolUvkyfief;ESifh jyefvnfxl
axmifa&;0efMuD;
13/ apmpHb;dk oif
ynma&;0efMuD;
14/ rk;d rdwaf pmfbmG ; pyfceG cf sKd
e,fjcm;a'o0efMuD;
2 Mo*kwf 1947 "m;rygwDacgif;
aqmif a'gufwmbarmftm; zrf;
qD;xdef;odrf;onf/
3 Mo*kwf 1947 ocifxGef;tkyf
tm; zrf;qD;xdef;odrf;onf/
14 Mo*kwf 1947 jrefrmjynf
uGefjrLepfygwD taxGaxGtwGif;
a&;rSL; ocifoef;xGef;u zq
yv tzGJUcsKyfOuú| jrefrmjynf
,m,Dtpk;d & 0efMuD;csKyf ocifEk
xH zqyvESihf uGejf rLepfnn D w
G f
a&;twGuf tajccHtcsut f vuf
rsm;udk pma&;om;ay;ykdYonf/
16 Mo*kwf 1947 wkid ;f jyKjynfjyK
vTwaf wmf 'kw,
d nDvmcHudk ½kwf
odrf;onf/
vGwfvyfa&;MudK;yrf;rI&ufpGJorkdif;
aqmif tpnf;ta0;usi;f yonf/ wkdYjzpfonf/
22 Mo*kwf 1947 1300 jynfh tpnf;ta0;wGif tmZmenfArd mef axmif'PfuscH&olrsm;rSm
ta&;awmfykHumvwGif ausmif; ykHpHrsm;a&;qGJwifjy tMuHÓPf Akv
d rf LS ;MuD; ulrrmawtkd 15 ESpf
om;rsm;or*¾Ouú|ESihf tmPm&Sif ay;EkdifaMumif; qkH;jzwfonf/ 'k-Akvd rf LS ;MuD; auwmau,dk 12
[k ausmMf um;cJo h nfh a'gufwm ESpf/
vSa&T yg&Siyf ifv,fauGU bm&de;f puf w if b mv wyfMuD;MuD; atauedcsd 2 ESpf
uRe;f teD; yifv,fxJ av,mOf wyfMuyf tufpf wk&d [ SD ½D dk 5 ESpf
ysufusí uG,v f eG o
f nf/ 4 pufwifbm 1947 &efuek jf rKd U wyfMuyftifef wku d ,
D &dk SD 7 ESpf
[ku
d uf wk v f w
T af wmf&Sd taqmuf wyfMuyftufpf umedcsd 2 ESpf
25 Mo*kwf 1947 zqyv tOD&Sd trSwf 3 &mZ0wfrpI pfaq; wyfMuyf au&d*S eD m&d 5 ESpf
twGi;f a&;rSL; OD;AaqGu ocifEk a&; ckt H zGUJ u ppfMu;D twGi;f 1945 trIxrf; tkrd *d uk 5 ESpw f YdktoD;
rSwpfqifh AuyokYd zqyvuGef ck Zlvidk v f u (24-6-45)u armf oD; jzpfonf/
jrLepfnDnGwfa&;ESifh ywfouf vjrdKifjrdKU awavacsmif&yfuGuf
onfh jyefMum;pmukd ay;ykYd onf/ wGif awmfveS af &;&Jabmf 26 OD;wkYd 4 &ufESifh 5 &uf pufwifbm
tm; rw&m;n§i;f qJowfjzwfrEI iS hf 1947 &Srf;jynfjynfolUvGwfvyf
29 Mo*kwf 1947 jrefrmtpkd;& ywfoufí *syefppfw&m;cH 18 OD; a&;tzGUJ ½k;H cef;wGif ta&;ay:nD
ESihf jAdwo d Qtpk;d &wkYd tMum; um \ trIukd trdeYfcsrw S o f nf/ vmcHusif;yonf/ nDvmcHwGif
uG,fa&;pmcsKyfcsKyfqkdonf/ jref ao'Pfusc&H ol 10 OD;rSm Ouú| OD;cGeaf pmu obmywd
rmEkid if bH ufrS umuG,af &;0efMuD; AkdvfMuD; tD*g&DSEkdbkd½k tjzpf aqmif&u G í
f taxGaxGt
Akv
d v f usmf ESihf jAdwo d Qtpk;d &buf 'kw, d Akv d f eum,rtdpuk wGi;f a&;rSL;tjzpf OD;xGe;f jrifh
rS *Reb f &D;rif; (John Freeman) wyfMuyfMuD; tkdEkdusKdZH (wkid ;f jyKjynfjyKvTwaf wmf trwf)
wkYd vufrw S af &;xk;d onf/ wyfMuyfMuD; wDuu dk cD sd u aqmif&u G of nf/ nDvmcHwiG f
wyfMuyfMuD; *sD[pD mtkd 1/ &efuek Nf rdKUwGif usif;yvsuf&Sd
30 Mo*kwf 1947 Akv d cf sKyfatmif wyfMuyf tdycf sf qmaewk;d aom jrefrmEkid if aH wmf wkid ;f jyKjynf
qef;ESifh tmZmenfacgif;aqmif wyfMuyf tdycf sf ekb d , l u l D jyK vTwaf wmfu tnDtnGwo f
MuD;rsm; vkyBf uHru I dk ppfaq;&ef wyfMuyf tifef pktcd sd abmwl qk;H jzwfjy|mef;aom jynf
txl;ckH½kH;ukd zGJUpnf;onf/ 'kwd,wyfMuyf bDrpfql&dESifh axmifpk jrefrmEkid if zH UJG pnf;ykH tajc
trIxrf; tdycf sf zlw&dk Sd cH H Oya'rsm;udk cRi;f csurf &dS o

*sLAvDa[mü tmZmenfAr d mef abmwl axmufcaH Mumif;/
wGif wnfaqmufa&;tzGUJ trI 2/ þta&;ay: nDvmcHu &Sr;f
73
ausmfNidrf;
jynfe,fajrrsm;udk wpfjynfe,f jrdKU twGi;f 0efrsm;½k;H (,ck0efMuD; onf/ 15 atmufwkdbm 1947 ocifEk
wnf; jzpfay:a&;okYd a&SU½Iaqmif rsm;½k;H )twGi;f &dS ygvDreftaqmuf acgif;aqmifaom jrefrmuk, d pf m;
&Gu&f ef wkYd udk qk;H jzwfonf/ tODa&SUwGif Akv d cf sKyaf tmifqef;ESihf 22 pufwifbm 1947 wkdif;jyK vS,t f zGUJ t*FvefEidk if oH Ydk a&muf
wuG usq;Hk avjyD;aom acgif; jynfjyKvTw G af wmf wwd,nDvmcH &dSonf/
5 pufwifbm 1946 &efukef aqmifMuD;rsm; txdr;f trSwf armf q|rajrmuf tpnf;ta0;wGif
c½kid f jynfoUl &JabmfwyfzUJG rS jAdwd uGe;f ausmufwidk f zGiyhf jJG yKvyk o f nf/ EkdifiHawmfoDcsif;ukd twnfjyK
Akv d cf sKyfatmifqef;ESihf tmZm
oQtpk;d &u uE´pD mcsKyft& zuf onf/ enfacgif;aqmifMuD;rsm; vkyBf uHrI
qpfawmfvSefa&;twGif; jrefrmh
wkid ;f jyKjynfjyK vTwaf wmf wGif yg0ifaom w&m;cHrsm;tm;
rsKd;cspfwyfrawmfrS usqkH;aom&J wwd,nDvmcH usif;yonf/ 24 pufwifbm 1947 wkdif;jyK pwifppfaq;onf/
abmfrsm;ESihf roefrpGr;f jzpfatmif jynfjyKvTwaf wmf wwd,nDvmcH
'Pf&m&cJhonfh &Jabmfrsm;tm; 16 pufwifbm 1947 wkdif;jyK t|rajrmuf tpnf;ta0;wGif zGUJ 17 atmufwkdbm 1947 jAw d d
epfemaMu;rsm; ay;rnfjzpfí jynfjyKvTwaf wmf nDvmcHtpnf; pnf;ykt H ajccH Oya'rlMurf; tacsm oQtpk;d & eef;&if;0ef uvdrif&h pf
tjrefvma&muf xkw, f Ml u&ef ta0;rS u&ifeD (,cku,m;jynf a&;qGaJ &;aumfrwDu wifjyonfh csuftufwvDESifh jrefrm,m,D
aMunmonf/ e,f) e,frS wkid ;f jyKjynfjyKvTwf zGJUpnf;ykHtajccHOya'Murf;ukd t tpk;d & 0efMuD;csKyf ocifEw k Ykd Ek-
awmf uk, d pf m;vS,f apmode;f ESihf wnfjyKonf/ tufwvDpmcsKyfukd t*FvefEkdifiH
7 pufwifbm 1947 jrefrmjynf OD;bDwYdktm; nDvmcJrh wufí yg vef'efjrdKUwGif vufrSwfa&;xkd;
qkd&S,fvpfygwD\ Ouú|ocifjr vDreftrwftjzpfrS &yfpJonf/ 25 pufwifbm 1947 wkid ;f jyK onf/ xkpd mcsKyfwiG f pmyk'd af ygif;
\ ae&mwGif OD;uku d Mdk uD;ukd a&G; jynfjyKvTwaf wmf wwd,nDvmcH 15 yk'd yf g&djS y;D ta&;tMu;D qk;H
aumufwifajr§mufonf/
Akv d v f usmf tm; 'kw, d 0efMuD; ½kwfodrf;onf/ tyk'd rf mS jAdwo d Qtpk;d &u jrefrm
csKyf cefYtyfonf/ Ekid if u
H dk vk;H 0vTwv f yfa&;í tcsKyf
11 pufwifbm 1947 zqyv tjcmtmPmykdifaom EkdifiHtjzpf
tzGUJ csKyf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL; 18 pufwifbm 1947 [kduf atmuf w k d b mv todtrSwjf yKonf [laom tyk'd f
OD;AaqGu zqyvtzGUJ csKyf oefY ukwfw&m;½kH;MuD;&dS (,ckw&m;½kH; yifjzpfonf/
&Sif;í ckdifrmawmifhwif;a&; t csKyf) ppf&mZ0wfrI ppfaq;a&; 3 atmufwkdbm 1947 jrefrm
wGuf Akv d rf LS ;atmif? OD;AaqG? Akv d f tzGUJ trSwf 3 ü *syefppfw&m;cH H ;Hk qkid &f m vli,frsm;tpnf; 23 atmufwkdbm 1947 zqy
Ekid if v
vusmf ESihf ref;0if;armifyg0ifaom wyfMuyf wd, k mrtm; q&matmif t½k;H yxrtMudrn D mcHudk &ef vtzGUJ csKyf wGzJ uf taxGaxG
f v
oefY&iS ;f a&;tzGUJ i,fudk zGUJ pnf;wm yGm;tm; ESyd pf ufaoqk;H aprIEiS hf tm ukejf rdKU jrdKUrausmif;wGif usif;y twGi;f a&;rSL; ocifomcifu jref
0efay;tyfonf/ edrq
hf odk t l m; ESyd pf ufnO§ ;f yrf;rI pGJ jyKvkyfonf/ rmjynfuGefjrLepfygwD taxGaxG
csuEf pS cf jk zifh trIudk pwifppfaq; twGif;a&;rSL;xHokdY zqyvwyf
15 pufwifbm 1947 &efukef aygif;pktwGi;f okYd uGejf rLepfygwD

7 4

0ifa&mufa&;ESihf ywfoufí quf a&; Oya'rlMurf;t& jAdwo d Q"e
vufaqG;aEG;aejcif;jzifh EkdifiHESifh o[m,tjyifbufwiG f vGwv f yf
vlxktwGuf tusKd;xl;jzpfay: aomEkdifiHtjzpf wnf&dScGifh&dSonf
rnf[k ,lq&ef r&daS Mumif; pmjzifh [laom tqkt d m; uefYuuG o f nfh
jyefMum;onf/ tqkud dk 288 rJ 114 rJjzifh y,f
26 atmufwkdbm 1947 OD;wif csum jrefrmjynfvw G v
f yfa&; Oy
xG#?f OD;uku d Mdk uD;? Akv
d rf LS ;atmif? a'Murf;udk twnfjyKonf/
ref;0if;armif? rk;d rdwaf pmfbmG ; pyf
cGecf sK?d OD;at;armif? OD;0rfuadk [m? 7 Ekd0ifbm 1947 trsKd;om;aeY
OD;vbef*a&mifwYdk yg0ifaom wGif 0efMuD;csKyf ocifEu
k vGwf
jrefrmEkid if H aumfr&Sit f zGUJ ukd vyfa&;&jyD; ajcmufvtMumwGif
t*FvefEkdifiHokdY apvTwfonf/ avmukw&å m t"d|mefaMumifh &m
xl;rS EIwfxGufrnf[k aMunm
Ekd0ifbmv onf/
1 Ekd0ifbm 1947 bk&ifcH\trI 17 Ek0d ifbm 1947 zqyvtzGUJ
aqmifaumifp0D if 0efMuD; ocif csKyfu zqyvESihf uGejf rLepfnD
vGe;f abmf &mxl;rS EIwx f u
G f nGwaf &; rjzpfEidk [
f k aMunm
onf/ onf/
5 Ekd0ifbm 1947 jAdwdoQyg 18 Ekd0ifbm 1947 qkd&S,fvpf
vDref atmufvw T af wmftpnf; ygwDOuú| OD;ukud Mdk uD; jrefrmEkid if H
ta0;wGif jrefrmjynfvGwfvyf bk&ifcH\trIaqmif aumifpD0if
0efMuD;&mxl;ukd vufcHonf/
24 Ekd0ifbm 1947 jynfolU&J
abmfwyfzGJUESifh jrefrmjynfqkd&S,f
vpfygwD ESpcf yk ;l wGí
J rmhcpf v
f cd f
xlaxif&ef qk;H jzwfonf/
29 Ekd0ifbm 1947 zqyvtzGJU
vGwfvyfa&;MudK;yrf;rI&ufpGJorkdif;
f iG f zqyvjynfv;Hk uRwf nD wpfapmifxw
csKyw k jf yef&mwGif Ek-tuf
vmcH jyifqifrI aumfrwDtpnf; wvDpmcsKyft& jzpfay:vmaom
ta0; usi;f yonf/ jynfaxmifpk jrefrmtpkd;&tm;
axmufcHaMumif; yg&dSonf/
'D Z if b mv
10 'DZifbm 1947 jAdwdoQEkdifiH
1 'DZifbm 1947 zqyvtzGJU q|rajrmuf a*smb h &k if (George
csKyuf tzGUJ csKyw f iG f t"du tif VI)u jrefrmEkid if H vGwv f yfa&;
tm;pkjzpfaom jynfoUl &Jabmfwyf Oya'rlMurf;udk vufrSwfa&;xkd;
zGJUESifh jrefrmjynfqkd&S,fvpfygwD twnfjyKonf/
ESpfckukd wpfckwnf;aom ygwD
tjzpf a&muf&&Sd ef rmhucf v f l
jynfoUl &Jabmf XmecsKyw
f *d x f iG f
axmifjcif;aMumifh tzGUJ csKyf\vkyf jynfolU&Jabmf A[kdOD;pD;tzGJU0if
ief;pOfrsm;udk rnfoYdk rQ rxdcu dk f rsm;? XmecsKytf rIaqmifrsm;ESihf 0ef
[k aMunmcsuf xkwjf yefonf/ MuD;csKyf ocifEw k Ydk OD;pD;nDvmcH
usif;yí jynfoUl &JabmfwyfzUJG ESihf
7 &ufESifh 12 &uf 'DZifbm jrefrmjynfqkd&S,fvpfygwDwkdY yl;
1947 jynfoUl &Jabmf A[kOd ;D pD; aygif;í rmhcv f *d f zGUJ pnf;xlaxmif
nDvmcHrS jrefrmEkid if w H pf0rS ;f vk;H &dS &ef oabmwlq;Hk jzwfonf/
jynfolU&JabmfwyfzGJUwkdif; ppfo
abmouf0ifaom pnf;½k;H jcif;ESihf 12 'DZifbm 1947 jrefrmjynf
pmayynmoifMum;avhusifhjcif; uGefjrLepfygwD taxGaxGtwGif;
wkYd udk &yfqidk ;f &ef qk;H jzwfonf/ a&;rSL; ocifoef;xGe;f u jrefrm
jynf or®wtpk;d &ukd aemiftcg
9 'DZifbm 1947 jrefrmjynfueG f ykeu f efx<u&eftwGuf vufeuf
jrLepfygwD taxGaxGtwGif;a&; 0Sufxm;onf[k 0g'jzeYfjcif;udk
rSL; ocifoef;xGe;f u jrefrmjynf acsyonfh aMunmcsuf xkwjf yef
uGefjrLepfrsm; pifjydKiftpkd;wnf onf/
axmifaejyD[laom owif;ESifh
ywfoufí &Si;f vif;aMunmcsuf
75
ausmfNidrf;
13 'DZifbm 1947 zqyvtzGJU pmcsKyf
csKyf taxGaxGtwGi;f a&;rSL; OD;A 2/ Ekid if w
H uma&;&m
aqGu rmhcfvd*fzGJUpnf;jcif;ESifh 3/ jyefvnfxal xmifa&;
ywfoufaom ajz&Si;f csuf xkwf 4/ jynfaxmifpw k idk ;f &if;om nD
jyefonf/ tqkyd gajz&Si;f csufwiG f nGwfa&;
rmhcfvd*fonf tzGJUcsKyftwGif;&dS 5/ pDymG ;a&; pDru H ed ;f ESihf pufrI
jrefrmjynf qk&d , S vf pfygwDEiS hf vufrIxlaxmifa&;
jynfolU&JabmfwyfzGJUESifh wpfoD; 6/ awmifov l ,form;ta&;
yk*v ¾ vuf0o J rm;rsm;udk uk, d pf m; 7/ umuG,af &;
jyKaom wpfckwnf;aom ygwD 8/ vGwv f yfa&;wku d yf w JG iG f usq;Hk
wGi;f yl;aygif;&ef zGUJ pnf;xm;aom olrsm;ESifh tvkyfrvkyfEkdifatmif
puf,EÅ,m;omjzpfaMumif;? vm 'Pf&m&olrsm;ukd avQmfaMu;ay;
rnfh Zefe0g&Dv 4 &ufwiG f qkd a&;
&S,fvpfESifh jynfolU&JabmfwyfzGJU 9/ tvkyo f rm;ta&;
wkYd udk zsuford ;f í rmhcvf *d wf pfck 10/ vmbfay;vmbf,El iS t hf mPm
wnf;om &dSvmrnfjzpfaMumif;? tvTJokH;pm;rI yaysmufa&;
zqyvwyfOD;MuD;udk vGwfvyf 11/ jidr0f yfyjd ym;a&;udk aESmuf&u
a&; jyD;aomfvnf; qufvufxm; zsuqf ;D aom tiftm;pkrsm;uk½d w
&dSOD;rnfjzpfaMumif;? rmhcfvdonf csa&;
zqyv\aMum½kd;omjzpfaMumif; 12/ trsKd;orD;a&;
yg&dSonf/ 13/ zqyv pnf;½k;H a&;
14/ ynma&; wkYdjzpfonf/
20 &ufESifh 23 &uf 'DZifbm
1947 'kwd,tMudrf zqyv 21 'DZifbm 1947 zqyvtzGJU
jynfvkH;uRwfnDvmcH &efukefNrdKU csKyf c½kid Ef iS v
hf x
l v
k rl sKd;a&; uk,
d f
jrdKUrausmif;a&SU&dS jrif;jydKifuGif; pm;vS,af ygif;pkH yg0ifaom A[kd
a[mif; (,ckjrdKUruGi;f ) twGi;f OD;pD;tpnf;ta0;rS zqyvA[kd
usi;f y&m tqkad ygif; 14 &yfudk OD;pD;topfrsm;ukd a&G;aumufwif
wifoiG ;f qk;H jzwfonf/ ajr§mufonf/ OD;pD;tzGJU0ifrsm;rSm
1/ t*Fvyd -f jrefrm vGwv f yfa&; 1/ ocifEk
7 6
2/ OD;wif (jrefrmhtvif;) ocifwif tzGUJ 0if
3/ OD;jr ([oFmw) AkdvfrSL;zkd;uGef; tzGJU0if
4/ Akv
d vf usmf OD;oef;jrifh tzGUJ 0if
5/ Akvd af tmifMuD; ref;0if;armif tzGJU0if
6/ ocif0wif OD;ausmfjidrf; tzGJU0if
7/ OD;xGe;f az([Hom0wD) OD;b*srf; tzGUJ 0if
8/ OD;atmifjrif (jrdKUrarmif) t&eftvkyftrIaqmifrsm;tjzpf
9/ OD;AaqG a':cifvS
10/ OD;ausmfjidr;f AkdvfatmifnGefY
11/ OD;uku d Mdk uD; ukdwifnGefY
12/ OD;wifx#G f ocifyef;jrdKif
13/ ocifomcif Akdvfwkdufpkd;
14/ OD;wif (jrefatmif) wkdYjzpfonf/
15/ OD;boDwYdk jzpfonf/
24 'DZifbm 1947 jrefrmjynf
23 'DZifbm 1947 zqyvtzGJU bk&ifhtaysmfwrf;a&wyfukd ]]jref
S f csKyf OD;pD;tzGJU tpnf;ta0;ukd rma&wyfrawmf}} tjzpfajymif;vJ
I f usi;f yí zqyvtzGUJ csKyf tvkyf zGJUpnf;onf/
trIaqmiftzGUJ opfudk a&G;aumuf
wifajr§mufonf/tvkyt f rIaqmif
jynfwGif;jidrf;csrf;a&; Oya'
tzGJU0ifrsm;rSm yk'rf 5 t& zrf;qD;xde;f odr;f xm;
ocifEk Ouú| aom a'gufwmbarmf? ocif
AkdvfrSL;atmif 'kwd,Ouú| xGe;f tkyEf iS hf ocifApdew
f Ydktm;
OD;wif (jrefrmhtvif;) aiGxed ;f tusOf;axmifrS vTwfay;onf/
OD;AaqG taxGaxGtwGif;a&;rSL;
AkdvfpdefrSef tzGJU0if 27 'DZifbm 1947 jrefrmjynf
OD;uku d Mdk uD; tzGUJ 0if uGefjrLepfygwD taxGaxGtwGif;
Akv
d v f usfm tzGUJ 0if a&;rSL; ocifoef;xGe;f u aMunm
ukn d Kd xGe;f tzGUJ 0if csufwpf&yf xkwfjyefonf/ xkd
OD;jr([oFmw) tzGUJ 0if aMunmcsufwGif vGwfvyfa&;
 vGwfvyfa&;MudK;yrf;rI&ufpGJorkdif;
atmifyGJaumfrwDwGif jrefrmjynf 3 Zefe0g&D 1948 jynfaxmifpk
uGejf rLepfygwD uk,
xnfo
d pf m;vS,tf m;
h iG ;f &ef 'DZifbm 10 &ufEiS hf
1 jrefrmEkdifiHawmf tpkd;& wkdif;jyK
jynfjyKvTwfawmf pwkw¬nDvmcH
18 &ufaeY aeYpyJG gpmjzifh zqyv usif;yonf/
tzGUJ csKyfoYdk ay;ykYd wku d w
f eG ;f cJh
aMumif;/ vmrnfh Zefe0g&Dv 4 4 Zefe0g&D 1948 jrefrmEkid if H
&ufaeYwiG f vGwv f yfa&;aMunm vGwv f yfa&; aMunmonft h crf;
jcif;onf ESpaf ygif; 120 ausmf tem;ukd twGi;f 0efrsm;½k;H (,ck
tqufrjywf tavsmhray;wrf; 0efMuD;rsm;½k;H ) twGi;f &dS vTwaf wmf
wkdufcJhMuaom jrefrmhvGwfvyf taqmufttkH a&SUwGif usi;f y
a&; vkyif ef;MuD;wpf&yf\ atmif
yGMJ uD;wpf&yf[k jrefrmjynfueG jf rL
9 onf/

epfygwDu ,kMH unfaMumif; yg&dS

onf/

27 'DZifbm 1947 &efukefykvdyf

rif;MuD;u Ekid if aH &;tusO;f om;\
tm;vk;H ukd vTwaf y;&ef trdeYfxw k f
jyefonf/

30 'DZifbm 1947 EkdifiHawmf

4
vkyMf uHrw
I iG f yg0ifaom rsK;d cspyf g
wDacgif;aqmif *VKefOD;apmESifh
w&m;cHukd;OD;udk jypfrIxif&Sm;í
ao'Pftjypfusc&H ef trdeYfcsrw S f
onf/

8
77