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Additional Math Project Form 5
Additional Math Project Form 5
Additional Math Project Form 5
Introduction -------------------------------------------
1
Aim ------------------------------------------- 2
Conclusion ------------------------------------------- 20
Acknowledgements -------------------------------------------
21
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the
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~Introduction~
Time is a component of a measuring system used to
sequence events, to compare the durations of events and the
intervals between them, and to quantify the motions of objects.
Time has been a major subject of religion, philosophy, and
science, but defining time in a non-controversial manner
applicable to all fields of study has consistently eluded the
greatest scholars.
There are many ways to measuring time; some ancient
methods include using a sundial, or an hourglass. A pendulum can
also be used as a basis for measuring time. A simple pendulum
consists of an object, usually a pendulum bob, suspended by a
string from a fixed point. When displaces, and then released, the
bob will swing back and forth in a vertical plane under the
influence of gravity. This periodic motion can be used as a basis
to determine time.
In this project work, I will focus on using the simple
pendulum to measure time, with the help of some mathematical
knowledge.
Photo 2: Another 2
way to measure
Photo 1: A sundial is an ancient method time is using an
for measuring time hourglass
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the
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~Aim~
The aims of carrying out this project work are to:
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the
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~Task Specification~
Identifying and stating all required information
Figure 1
Procedure:
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~Problem Solving~
Results from the conducted experiment:
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the
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Graph of against
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Graph of against
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the
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2
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2
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the
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2
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or
T = y-axis
= x-axis
So gradient =
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Percentage of error =
= 13.898%
Comment:
The value obtained from the experiment is higher by 1.363 from
the actual value of g, which is 9.807. The reason is the
experiment not conducted in an enclosed system, therefore,
many factors can influence the accuracy of the results obtained,
such as air movement, and air resistance.
or
= y-axis
= x-axis
So gradient =
2
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the
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Percentage of error =
= 0.642%
Comment:
If compared with the first graph, the percentage of error is much
smaller. The first value of obtained is slightly higher than the
actual value of , but the second value of obtained is a bit
higher than the actual value. This is probably caused by the
presence of air resistance. Another probable cause of the
deviation of the value from the actual value is that the pendulum
bob did not oscillate in a plane but in a circle.
The graph with the least percentage of error is the graph showing
against .
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When = 1,
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the
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25.00cm is the length of string that will produce a complete
oscillation in 1 second.
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Since
Then,
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~Further Exploration~
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theDetermining the new period if the pendulum is set in motion on
the moon
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Technique of solving:
Using simultaneous equation
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the
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Investigating whether a pendulum will continuously swing in air
Comparing the time taken for the pendulum to stop in water with
the time taken for the pendulum to stop in air.
T1 = 4s
T2 = 5s
T3 = 4s
TAverage = 4.33s
T1 = 1.55s
T2 = 1.32s
T3 = 1.62s
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TAverage = 1.50s
Based on the values above, the time taken for the pendulum to
make a complete oscillation in air is shorter, if compared to the
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the
time taken for the same pendulum to make a complete oscillation
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in water.
This is due to the water resistance and the buoyant force of the
water acting on the pendulum bob, thus making the pendulum
bob swing slower, as the water resistance is stronger to
overcome, compared to air resistance.
Comparing the motion of the pendulum in air, water and in a
vacuum
In Air
In water
In Vacuum
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the
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~Conclusion~
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theA pendulum can be used to measure time, as shown and proven
in the experiment I conducted. The period, time taken for a
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~Acknowledgements~
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the