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Operations Research

Industrial engineering
NETWORK

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MAXIMUM FLOW
PROBLEM

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Maximum Flow Problem
Penentuan kapasitas tahunan maksimum
dalam jumlah ton jaringan pipa penyaluran
batu bara yang menghubungkan tambang
batu bara di Wyoming dengan pembangkit
tenaga listrik di Houston (Jaringan pipa
batu bara mengirimkan batu bara dengan
memompa air melalui pipa yang dirancang
khusus dan menghubungkan tambang
batu bara dan tujuan yang diinginkan)

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Maximum Flow Problem
Satu node sumber dan satu node tujuan
dihubungkan melalui sebuah jaringan
busur dengan kapasitas terbatas
Jaringan bersifat satu arah  arus
dimulai di node sumber (supply node)
dan berakhir di node tujuan (demand
node)
Satu busur bisa memiliki dua kapasitas
tergantung arah arus

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Algoritma MFP
1) Identify an augmenting path by
finding some directed path from the
supply node to the demand node in
the residual network such that every
arc on this path has strictly positive
residual capacity. (If no augmenting
path exists: the net flows already
assigned constitute an optimal flow
pattern)

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Algoritma MFP
2) Identify the residual capacity c* of
this augmenting path by finding the
minimum of the residual capacities of
the arcs on this path. Increase the
flow in this path by c*.

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Algoritma MFP
3) Decrease by c* the residual capacity
of each arc on this augmenting path.
Increase by c* the residual capacity
of each arc in the opposite direction
on this augmenting path. Return to
step 1.

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Contoh

A 3
0
1
0 T

0
5 1 0 9
7 0 4
O B D
0
5
4 2 1

0 1
0 0 6
C E
4 0
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Iterasi 1: O – B – E – T

A 3
0
1
0 T 5

5
5 1 0 9
2 5 4
5 O B D
0
0
4 2 1

0 1
0 5 1
C E
4 0
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Iterasi 2: O – A – D – T

A 0
3
1
3 T 8

5
2 1 3 6
2 5 4
8 O B D
0
0
4 2 1

0 1
0 5 1
C E
4 0
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Iterasi 3: O – A – B – D – T

A 0
4
0
4 T 9

5
1 2 3 5
2 5 3
9 O B D
1
0
4 2 1

0 1
0 5 1
C E
4 0
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Iterasi 4: O – B – D – T

A 0
4
0
6 T 11

5
1 2 3 3
0 7 1
11 O B D
3
0
4 2 1

0 1
0 5 1
C E
4 0
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Iterasi 5: O – C – E – D – T

A 0
4
0
7 T 12

5
1 2 3 2
0 7 1
12 O B D
3
0
3 2 2

0 0
1 5 1
C E
3 1
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Iterasi 6: O – C – E – T

A 0
4
0
7 T 13

6
1 2 3 2
0 7 1
13 O B D
3
0
2 2 2

0 0
2 5 0
C E
2 2
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Iterasi 7: O – C – E – B – D – T

A 0
4
0
8 T 14

6
1 2 3 1
0 7 0
14 O B D
4
1
1 2 2

0 0
3 4 0
C E
1 3
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Solusi Optimal

3-0=3 T 14
5-1=4
1-0=1 9-1=8

7-0=7
14 O B D
4-0=4
6-0=6

5-1=4 1-0=1
4-1=3

C E
4-1=3
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MINIMUM COST FLOW
PROBLEM

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Minimum Cost Flow Problem
Penentuan jadwal arus berbiaya minimum
dari ladang minyak ke pengilangan dan
akhirnya ke pusat-pusat distribusi. Minyak
mentah dan produk-produk bensin dapat
dikirimkan lewat tanker, pipa, dan/atau truk.
Di samping ketersediaan penawaran
maksimum di ladang minyak dan
persyaratan permintaan minimum di pusat
distribusi, batasan atas kapasitas
pengilangan dan cara transportasi harus
dipertimbangkan
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Minimum Cost Flow Problem
Mewakili kelompok umum model-model jaringan
yang mencakup masalah transportasi,
transhipment, penugasan, dan arus maksimum
sebagai kasus khusus
Meliputi aplikasi yang luas dan dapat diselesaikan
dengan efektif
◦ Sebagaimana MFP, MCFP mempertimbangkan arc
capacity;
◦ Sebagaimana SPP, MCFP juga mempertimbangkan biaya
atau jarak;
◦ Sehubungan dengan problem transportasi atau
penugasan, MCFP juga bisa mempertimbangkan multiple
supply nodes ataupun multiple demand nodes

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Minimum Cost Flow Problem
A directedand connected network
Terdapat n node
Minimum satu supply node dan satu
demand node

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Minimum Cost Flow Problem
xij = aliran dari i ke j
cij = biaya per unit aliran dari i ke j
uij= arc capacity untuk busur yang
menghubungkan i dan j
bi = net flow yang terjadi di node i

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Minimum Cost Flow Problem
bi > 0  node i merupakan supply
node
bi < 0  node i merupakan demand
node
bi = 0  node i merupakan
transhipment node

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Minimum Cost Flow Diagram
Fungsi tujuan: meminimumkan total
biaya pengiriman supply melalui
jaringan untuk memenuhi demand

n n
min Z   cij xij
i 1 j 1

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Minimum Cost Flow Diagram
Batasan
n n

x x
j 1
ij
j 1
ji  bi ; i

0  xij  uij

dimana :
n

x
j 1
ij  total aliran yang keluar dari node i

x
j 1
ji  total aliran yang masuk ke node i

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bA = [50] CAD = 9 [-30]

A D

[0]
2
2 3
C
(uAB = 10)

3 1

(uCE = 80)

B E
[40] [-60]

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Linear Programming
Minimize Z = 2XAB + 4XAC + 9XAD + 3XBC + XCE + 3XDE +
2XED;

subject to
XAB + XAC + XAD = 50
-XAB + XBC = 40
-XAC - XBC + XCE = 0
-XAD + XDE - XED = -30
-XCE - XDE + XED = -60
XAB ≤ 10
XCE ≤ 80
Xij ≥ 0; untuk semua i dan j

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