CHAPTER 7:

DYNAMIC

FORCE
 Chapter 7 : Dynamics

Important Concepts

Force
involves

Types of force Measuring force Friction Work

using a
has

classified Spring balance

into unit of
work is
Direction Magnitude

Magnetic Frictional Gravitational

force force force Joule

Electrostatic Electrical
force force
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 Chapter 7 :
Q.R. Dynamics
7.1

 Push and pull are types of force which makes an

object move

 Force cannot be seen but we can see the effects of

force

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 Theeffects of a force include
(a) force changes the shape of an
object
(b) force changes the position of
an object
(c) force changes the speed of a
moving object
(d) force changes the direction of
a moving object
 Chapter 7 : Dynamics

Chapter
7.1 Force

Types of force
Frictional  Produced when two surfaces in contact with each other
force  It prevent an object at rest from moving
Gravitational  The force of attraction that causes objects to falls towards
force the Earth

 Produced when two different objects are rub against each other
Electrostatic  Static electric charges presence
force  Object with like charges will repel while unlike charges will attract

Magnetic  The push or pull force exerts by a magnet

force  Like poles repel while unlike poles attract each other

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 Chapter 7 : Dynamics

Chapter
7.2 Measuring Force

 A force can be measured using a spring balance

 The SI unit of force is Newton (N)
 The reading of the spring balance is the measurement of the magnitude of the force
exerted.
1 kg = 10 N

Example:

Solution:
Force / weight = 5 N

pointer 5
Mass =
10
= 0.5 kg
spring
hook
object

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 Chapter 7 : Dynamics

Chapter
7.3 Application of Frictional Force

Frictional force
 Frictional force occurs whenever two surfaces are in contact with each other
 Frictional force is in opposite direction to the moving object and it is parallel to the
surface
 Frictional force has direction and magnitude

friction
pull wooden block

friction pull
wooden block

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 The magnitude of the frictional force depends
on:
1) The nature of the surfaces in contact
-the rougher the surface in contact, the
greater the frictional force acting on them

2) The weight of the object

-the heavier the object, the greater the
frictional force acting on it
 The advantages and disadvantages of
friction
 Advantages:
Enable us to hold glass material
Enable cars to move, stops or slow down
Enable us walk without slipping
Enable a ladder from slidding

Disadvantages :
 Slows down moving objects. Oppose movement
 Shoes and tyres wear-out when they rub against
the road
Produce heat and sound
 Chapter 7 : Dynamics
Chapter
7.3
Application of Frictional Force

Lubricant,
oil Wheel
Such as oil and grease are
added to moving part of reduce friction between
machine and equipment vehicle and road surface

Rollers / rods
Reducing friction
to move object

Ball bearing

Air cushion used in axles of vehicles

air cushion between the hovercraft

and the water surface enables
the hovercraft to move faster
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Rollers and ball bearing are placed around axles in many machine
to allow the axles turn easily
the layer of air reduces friction, allowing the hovercraft moving faster
 Chapter 7 : Dynamics
Chapter
7.3
Application of Frictional Force

Rough surface

Surfaces of road need to be rough to allow vehicles

To move on them

Increasing friction

Tread design on a surface

Worn out tyres and shoes need to be replaced with

New one to prevent from slipping and skidding.
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 Chapter 7 : Dynamics

Q.R.
7.3 Quick Refresh

 Frictional force can

(a) prevent an object at rest from moving
(b) slowed down and eventually stop a moving object
 The rougher the surfaces in contact, the greater the frictional force acts
 The heavier the object, the greater the frictional force acts
 There are some ways to reduce friction, such as
(a) Use wheel
(b) Apply lubricating oil or grease between the surfaces in contact
(c) Use air cushion to prevents contact between two surface
(d) Use the ball bearing in axles of vehicles

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7.4 application of work
 Work done when we
exert a force to move
the object in the
same direction as the
application of the
force.
Work done Work not done
Climbing the Standing on the
stairs stairs
Brushing a teeth Sleeping on a
bed
Pushing a chair Sitting on a chair
force
 Chapter 7 :
Chapter Dynamics
7.4
Application of the Concept of Work

 Measurement of work done can be calculated using formula:

Work done (joule / J) = Force (Newton / N) X Distance

(meter / m)
 The unit for work done is the joule (J) or Newton metre (N
m)

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 Chapter 7 : Dynamics

Q.R.
7.4 Quick Refresh

 Examples for work done are

(a) Climbing the stairs
(b) Dragging a bag
 Examples for work not done are
(a) Pushing against a tree
(b) Sleeping on a bed
 By doing 1 joule of work, we use 1 joule of energy

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Examples 1
Direction of Wooden block Spring balance
frictional
force
Pull

The wooden block is pulled to a distance of 2 m with a force of 3 N.

calculate the work done.

Solution:

Work done (J)= force (N) X Distance moved (m)

=3 N x 2 m
= 6 Joule
Example 2
 A student of weight 400 N carrying a
load of 100 N in his hand, climbs a flight
of stairs of vertical height 3 m. calculate
the work done.
Solution
 Work done (J)= force (N) x distance (m)
= (100 + 400)N x 3 m
=500 N x 3 m
=1500 J
Example 3
 Ali lifts a box of 10 kg from the floor onto
a cupboard with height 2 m from the floor.
How much work has Ali done? (Assume
that 1kg=10 N)
Solution :
-The weight of the box= 10 x 10 N=100 N
-Work done(J)= force (N) x distance (m)
=100 N x 2 m
= 200 J
Exercises 1
 100 J of work has been done to push a
box over a distance of 2m. What was
the magnitude of the force acting on the
box?
Exercise 2
 A boy weighing 60 kg carries a load of
50N up a staircase which was 8m high.
Calculate the energy used by the boy.\
Exercise 3
 A man pushes a load of 600N through a
distance of 3m. How much work done?
Which one has more power??
Sri ram Kwok wei
What is power?
 Power is the rate of doing work.
 Power can be calculated using this
formula:

Power Work (joule / J)

(watt / W) =
Time (seconds / s)
 The units for power is watt (W) or joule
per second (Js-1)
 More power means work is done faster.
Example 1
 A weightlifter takes 5 second to lift a
weight of 1000 N to a height of roughly 2
meters above the ground. Calculate the
power delivered by the weightlifter.
Solution
 Work done= force(N) x distance (m)
= 1000 N x 2 m
= 2000 J
Power delivered by weightlifter:
 Power (W) = work done(J)
time (s)
= 2000 J
5s
= 400 W
Example 2
A girl moves a box weight 400 N over a
distance of 3 m in 4 seconds. Calculate
the power.

Solution:
Work (J)
Power (W) =
Time( s)
Force (N) x Distance(m)
Time (s)

400 N x 3 m
4s
= 300 W
 Exercise 1:
 A boy weighing 50kg,
carries a load of 20kg
up a 3m high staircase.
Within 10 s. calculate
the power generated by
him?
Exercise 2:
 A water pump takes 10s to transfer
500kg of water into a 8m high tank.
Calculate the power of the water pump.
Exercises 3
 Safuan has used a 1380W of power to
run a distance of 12m in 4 seconds.
Calculate his weight.
Exercises 4
 A man weighing 720N pushes a car with
a weight of 6000N for a distance of 2 m
in 4 minutes. Calculate the power used
bt the man to push the car
 Chapter 7 : Dynamics

Chapter
7.6 The Importance of Force in Daily Life

 Without frictional force, all objects will be moving constantly

and would not be able to stop

 Without gravitational force, all objects will be floating around

the air on Earth

 Without electrostatic force and electrical force, all electrical

appliances would not be able to function

 Without magnetic force, compass and appliances that use

motor cannot function

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TRG – Science Form 2 © Amazing Tunas Enterprise (001573407-U)
 Chapter 7 : Dynamics

Smart Review

 There are many types of force, such as frictional force, gravitational

force, electrostatic force, magnetic force and electrical force
 Force is measured in units of Newton (N)
 Friction force is against the movement
 Work (joule / J) = Force (Newton / N) + Distance (metre / m)
Work (joule / J)
 Power (watt / W) =
Time (seconds / s)

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