1 > bnÞúkGKÁisnImYypøasTIkñúgEdnGKÁisnIEdlmanplsgb:Utg;Esül V = 200V )n

bMeBjkmμnþesμInwg 1 J . KNnatémøénbnÞúkGKÁisnIenaH .
dMeNaHRsay
KNnatémøénbnÞúkGKÁisnIenaH ³
tamrUbmnþ ³ W = qV naM[ ³ q =
W
V
eday ³ W = 1J , V = 200V
eyIg)n ³ q =
1J
200V
−3
= 5 × 10 C

dUcenH ³ −3
q = ± 5 × 10 C

2 > KNnaplsgb:Utg;EsülrvagcMNuc A nig B énEdnGKÁisnIKitCav:ul ebIkmμnþEdl

eFVI[bnÞúkGKÁisnI q = +6 × 10 C pøas;TIBIcMNuc A eTAcMNuc B énEdnGKÁisnIesμInwg
−8

12 × 10 J .
−6

dMeNaHRsay
KNnaplsgb:Utg;EsülrvagcMNuc A nig B ³
tamrUbmnþ ³ W = qV $ V = Wq
AB AB AB
AB

eday ³ −8
q = +6 × 10 C , W = 12 × 10 J
AB
−6

−6
naM[ ³ V = +126 ××10
AB
J
10 C
= 200V
−8

dUcenH ³ V = 200V
AB

1 eroberogeday ³ hg; sIum hak; kusl esg vuT§I

 3 > KNnakmμnþénEdnGKÁisnIEdleFVI[bnÞúkGKÁisnI q = +5 × 10 C pøas;TIBI A eTA B −5

Edlmanplsgb:Utg;Esül V = 1200V .
dMeNaHRsay
KNnakmμnþénEdnGKÁisnI ³
tamrUbmnþ ³ W = q V
eday ³ −5
q = +5 × 10 C , V = 1200V

eyIg)n ³ W = + 5 × 10 × 1200 = 6 × 10 J
−5 −2

dUcenH ³ W = 6 ×10 J −2

4 > eKmanbnÞHelah³BIrdak;RsbKña nigpÞúkeRkamtg;süúg V = 500V . KNnakmμnþ AB

GKÁisnIedIm,IeFVI[ ³
k > GIuy:ug Cu pøas;TIBIbnÞH A eTA B .
++

x > GIuy:ug Cl pøas;TIBIbnÞH A eTA B .

−

dMeNaHRsay
k > KNnakmμnþGKÁisnIedIm,IeFVI[GIuy:ug Cu pøas;TIBIbnÞH A eTA B ³
++

tamrUbmnþ ³ W = qV AB AB

eday ³ −19
q = +2e = +2 × 1.6 × 10 C = +3.2 × 10 C , V = 500V −19
AB

eyIg)n ³ W = +3.2 × 10 C × 500 = 1.6 × 10 J

AB
−19 −16

dUcenH ³ W = 1.6 × 10 J
AB
−16

k > KNnakmμnþGKÁisnIedIm,IeFVI[GIuy:ug Cl pøas;TIBIbnÞH A eTA B ³

−

tamrUbmnþ ³ W = qV AB AB

eday ³ −19
q = −1e = −1.6 × 10 C , V = 500V AB

eyIg)n ³ W = −1.6 × 10 C × 500 = −8 × 10 J

AB
−19 −17

2 eroberogeday ³ hg; sIum hak; kusl esg vuT§I

dUcenH ³ W AB = −8 × 10 −17 J

5 > enARtg;kMBUl A , B , C , D énkaer ABCD EdlmanrgVas;RCug a = 30cm eKdak;bnþbnÞab;

KñanUvcMNucbnÞúk q = + 2 ×10 C , q = + 3 × 10 C , q = − 10 C , q = + 4 × 10 C .
A
−9
B
−9
C
−9
D
−9

KNnab:Utg;EsülRtg;p©it O énkaer .
dMeNaHRsay A (q ) B (q ) A B

+ +
KNnab:Utg;EsülRtg;p©it O énkaer ³
Rtg;cMNuc O manb:Utg;Esül ³
- V Cab:Utg;EsüléncMNucbnÞúk q ³ V = 9 ×10
9
q A
A A A
O
OA
- V Cab:Utg;EsüléncMNucbnÞúk q ³ V = 9 ×OB
9
10 q + +B
B B B D (q ) C (q ) D
C

- V Cab:Utg;EsüléncMNucbnÞúk q ³ V = 9 ×OC
9
10 q C
C C C

- V Cab:Utg;EsüléncMNucbnÞúk q ³ V = 9 ×OD
9
10 q D
D D D

eyIg)nb:Utg;EsülsrubRtg;cMNuc O ³ V = V + V + V + V A B C D

9 × 10 q
³ V = 9 ×10 9 × 10 q 9 × 10 q
9 9 9 9
smmUl OA
q
+ A

OB
+
OC
+ B

OD
C D

³ V = 9 ×OA10 (q + q + q + q ) (OA = OB = OC = OD)

9
smmUl A B C D

eday ³ −9
q = +2 × 10 C , q = +3 × 10 C , q = −10 C , q = +4 × 10 C
A B
−9
C
−9
D
−9

AC a 2 30cm 2
OA = = = = 15 2 × 10 − 2 m
2 2 2
9 × 10 9
eyIg)n ³ VA =
15 2 × 10 −2
(+2 × 10 −9 + 3 × 10 −9 − 10 −9 + 4 × 10 −9 ) = 339.41V

dUcenH ³ V = 339.41V

6>KNnabERmbRmYlfamBlb:Utg;EsülénGKÁisnI q = +2.2 × 10 C nig q' = −1.1× 10 C −6 −6

pøas;TIBIcMNuc A eTAcMNuc B ebIeK[bERmbRmYlb:Utg;EsülGKÁisnI ΔV = V −V = 24V . B A

dMeNaHRsay
3 eroberogeday ³ hg; sIum hak; kusl esg vuT§I
KNnabERmbRmYlfamBlb:Utg;EsülénGKÁisnI ³
tamrUbmnþ ³ ΔU = U − U = −q (V − V ) = q (V − V ) = 24q (ΔV = 24V )
B A A B B A

-ebI q = +2.2 × 10 C eyIg)n ³

−6
ΔU = 24 × (+2.2 × 10 ) = 5.28 × 10 J −6 −5

dUcenH ³ ΔU = 5.28 × 10 J −5

-ebI q' = −1.1× 10 C eyIg)n

−6
³ ΔU = 24 × −1.1 × 10 = −2.64 × 10 J −6 −5

dUcenH ³ ΔU = −2.64 × 10 J −5

7 > KNnab:Utg;EsülénEdnGKÁisnI ebIbnÞúk q = +10 −8

C pøasTIBI A eTA ∞ edaybMeBj
nUvkmμnþ W = 5 × 10 J .
A∞
−7

dMeNaHRsay
KNnab:Utg;EsülénEdnGKÁisnI ³
tamrUbmnþ ³ V = Wq A
A∞

eday ³ W = 5 × 10 J , q = +10 C
A∞
−7 −8

−7
× 10
eyIg)n ³ V = 5 10 A = 50V −8

dUcenH ³ V = 50V A

8 > KNnakmμnþénEdnGKiÁsnIEdleFVI[bnÞúkGKÁisnI q = +2 × 10 C pøas;TIBIcMNuc A −6

Edlmanb:Utg;Esül V = 300V eTAGnnþ .

A

dMeNaHRsay
KNnakmμnþénEdnGKiÁsnI ³
tamrUbmnþ ³ V = Wq $ W = V q
A
A∞
A∞ A

eday ³ V = 300V , q = +2 × 10 C
A
−6

eyIg)n ³ W = +2 × 10 × 300 = 6 × 10 J
A∞
−6 −4

dUcenH ³ W = 6 × 10 J
A∞
−4

4 eroberogeday ³ hg; sIum hak; kusl esg vuT§I

 9 > eKdak;cMNucbnÞúkGKÁisnI q = +4 × 10 C nig q = −2 × 10 C Rtg;BIrcMNuc A nig
A
−9
B
−9

B Edlsßitcm¶ayBIKña 20cm . KNnab:Utg;EsülGKÁisnIRtg;cMNuckNþal O én AB .

dMeNaHRsay
KNnab:Utg;EsülGKÁisnIRtg;cMNuckNþal O én AB ³
Rtg;cMNuc O manb:Utg;Esül ³
- V Cab:Utg;EsüléncMNucbnÞúk q ³ V = 9 × 10
9
q A
A A A
OA
eday ³ q = +2 × 10 C
A
−9

AB 20cm
OA = = = 10cm = 10 −1 m
2 2
9 × 10 9 × (+4 × 10 −9 )
eyIg)n ³ VA =
10 −1
= 360V

9 × 10 9 q B
- V Cab:Utg;EsüléncMNucbnÞúk ³
B q B VB =
OB
eday ³ −9
q = −2 × 10 C , OB = OA = 10 m
B
−1

−9
eyIg)n ³ V = 9 × 10 ×10(−2 × 10 ) = −180V
9

B −1

eyIg)nb:Utg;EsülRtg; O ³ V = V + V = 360V − 180V = 180VA B

dUcenH ³ V = 180V
10 > KNnabERmbRmYlfamBlb:Utg;EsülGKÁisnIEdlbnÞúk q = +2.2 × 10 C pøas;TIBI −6

cMNuc A eTAcMNuc B ebIeK[bERmbRmYlb:Utg;EsülGKÁisnI ΔV = V − V = 240V . B A

dMeNaHRsay
KNnabERmbRmYlfamBlb:Utg;EsülGKÁisnI ³
tamrUbmnþ ³ W = −U = q(V − V ) $ U = q(V − V )
AB AB A B AB B A

eday ³ ΔV = V − V = 240V , q = +2.2 × 10 C

B A
−6

eyIg)n ³ U = 2.2 × 10 × 240 = 5.28 × 10 J

AB
−6 −4

dUcenH ³ U = 5.28 × 10 J
AB
−4

5 eroberogeday ³ hg; sIum hak; kusl esg vuT§I

11 > eKmanbnÞHelah³BIrbnÞH A nig B dak;RsbKñasßitcm¶ayBIKña 10cm . RbUtugmYyman
bnÞúk e = +1.6 × 10 C pøas;TIBIbnÞH A eTAbnÞH B . KNnakmμnþEdlRbUtug)nbMeBj
−19

edIm,Ipøas;TI ebIcenøaHbnÞHelah³TaMgBImanEdnGKÁisnI E = 2 × 10 V / m . 4

dMeNaHRsay
KNnakmμnþEdlRbUtug)nbMeBjedIm,Ipøas;TI ³
tamrUbmnþ ³ W = Fd = q Ed
eday ³ −19
E = 2 × 10 V / m , q = +1.6 × 10 C , d = 10cm = 0.1m
4

eyIg)n ³ W = 1.6 × 10 × 2 × 10 × 0.1 = 3.2 × 10 J

−19 4 −16

dUcenH ³ W = 3.2 ×10 J −16

12 > eKykcMNucbnÞúkGKÁisnI q = +5 × 10 C eFVI eTAdak;Rtg;cMNuc A . M CacMNucmYy

−9

sßitcm¶ay 20cm BIcMNuc A . KNnab:Utg;EsülGKÁisnIRtg;cMNuc M .

dMeNaHRsay
KNnab:Utg;EsülGKÁisnIRtg;cMNuc M ³
tamrUbmnþ ³ V = 9 × 10 × qr 9

eday ³ −9
q = +5 × 10 C , r = 20cm = 0.2m
A

−9
eyIg)n ³ V = 9 × 10 ×0(.+25 × 10 ) = 225V
9

dUcenH ³ V = 225V
13 > eKnaMbnÞúkGKÁisnI q = +2 × 10 C BIGnnþmkcMNuc A mYyénEdnGKÁisnI cMNucbnÞúk
−6

bMeBj)nkmμnþ W = 5 × 10 J . KNnab:Utg;EsülGKÁisnIRtg;cMNuc A .
∞A
−4

dMeNaHRsay
KNnab:Utg;EsülGKÁisnIRtg;cMNuc A ³
tamrUbmnþ ³ W = −ΔU = q(V − V ) = −qV
∞A ∞ (V = 0 )
A A ∞

6 eroberogeday ³ hg; sIum hak; kusl esg vuT§I

naM[ ³ VA =
W∞A
−q
eday ³ W∞A = 5 × 10 −4 J , q = +2 × 10 −6 C
5 × 10 −4
eyIg)n ³ VA = −
+ 2 × 10 −6
= −250V

dUcenH ³ V A = −250V

14 > enAelIExSEdnGKÁisnIÉksNæanmYy cMNucbnÞúkGKÁisnI q = +4 × 10 C pøas;TIBI −6

cMNuc A eTAcMNuc B eday)nbMeBjkmμnþW = 16 × 10 J .KNnaplsgb:Utg;Esül

AB
−4

rvagcMNuc A nig B .
dMeNaHRsay
KNnaplsgb:Utg;EsülrvagcMNuc A nig B ³
tamrUbmnþ ³ W = q(V − V ) = −qV
AB A B AB

naM[ ³ V = Wq
AB
AB

eday ³ W = 16 × 10 J , q = +4 × 10 C
AB
−4 −6

−4
eyIg)n ³ V = +164××1010 = 400V
AB −6

dUcenH ³ V = 400V
AB

15 > eKdak;bnÞúkGKÁisnI q = +40 × 10 C Rtg;cMNuc O . KNnab:Utg;EsülGKÁisnI

−6

Rtg;cMNuc P ( 0.5m , 0.8m , 0.6m ) . ebIeKdak;bnÞúk q' = +9 × 10 C KNnafamBl −6

b:Utg;EsülGKÁisnIEdl bnÞúk q’ rg .
cemøIy
KNnab:Utg;EsülGKÁisnIRtg;cMNuc P ³
tamrUbmnþ ³ V = kqr
eday ³ −6
q = +40 × 10 C , k = 9 × 10 Nm / C 9 2 2

r= (0.5m − 0) 2 + (0.8m − 0) 2 + (0.6m − 0) 2 = 1.18m

7 eroberogeday ³ hg; sIum hak; kusl esg vuT§I

 −6
eyIg)n ³ V = 9 × 10 1×.118 40 × 10
9
= 3.22 × 10 V 5

dUcenH ³ V = 3.22 × 10 V 5

KNnafamBlb:Utg;EsülGKÁisnIEdlbnÞúk q’ rg ³
tamrUbmnþ ³ U = q'V
eday ³ −6
q' = +9 × 10 C , V = 3.22 × 10 V 5

eyIg)n ³ U = + 9 × 10 × 3.22 × 10 = 2.9 J

−6 5

dUcenH ³ U = 2 .9 J
16 > KNnab:Utg;EsülGKÁisnIRtg;cMNucmYyEdlsßitkñúgxül;cm¶ay 3cm BIcMNucbnÞúk
GKÁisnI q = +50nC .
dMeNaHRsay
KNnab:Utg;EsülGKÁisnI ³
tamrUbmnþ ³ V = 9 × 10 εqr 9

eday ³ q = +50nC = +50 × 10 C , r = 2cm = 2 × 10 m , ε = 1

−9 −2
r

−9
eyIg)n ³ V = 9 × 10 150× 3××1010 = 1.5 × 10 V
9
−2
4

dUcenH ³ V = 1.5 × 10 V 4

17 > EsV‘relah³mYymankaM 25cm pÞúkGKÁisnI +65nC . KNnab:Utg;EsülGKÁisnIRtg;p©it

EsV‘r .
dMeNaHRsay
KNnab:Utg;EsülGKÁisnIRtg;p©itEsV‘r ³
bnÞkGKÁisnIrayEtelIépÞxagénEsV‘rb:ueNÑaHEdlmancm¶ayesμI²Kñarvagp©itEsV‘r
EdlmanlkçN³CaépÞeGKIb:Utg;Esül eyIg)n ³ V = kqr
eday ³ −6
q = +65 × 10 C , k = 9 × 10 Nm / C , r = 25cm = 0.25m
9 2 2

8 eroberogeday ³ hg; sIum hak; kusl esg vuT§I

 65 × 10 −9
eyIg)n ³ V = 9 × 10 9
0.25
= 2340V

dUcenH ³ V = 2340V

dUcenH ³ V = 1.5 × 10 4 V

18 > EsV‘relah³RtemacmYymankaM 10cm pÞúkGKÁisnI +5nC . KNnab:Utg;EsülGKÁisnI

Rtg;cMNucmYyEdlsßitcm¶ay 50cm BIp©itEsV‘r .
dMeNaHRsay
KNnab:Utg;EsülGKÁisnI ³
bnÞkGKÁisnIrayEtelIépÞxagénEsV‘rb:ueNÑaHEdlmancm¶ayesμI²Kñarvagp©itEsV‘r
eyIgGaccat;TukCacMNucbnÞúkRtg;p©itEsV‘r)n ³ V = kqr
eday ³ −6
q = +5 × 10 C , k = 9 × 10 Nm / C , r = 50cm = 0.50m
9 2 2

−9
eyIg)n ³ V = 9 × 10 × 5 ×0.1050 = 90V
9

dUcenH ³ V = 90V
19 > eKdak;cMNucbnÞúkGKÁisnIBI q nig q Rtg;cMNuc A nig B sßitcm¶ayBIKña 6m . KNna
A B

b:Utg;EsülGKáisnIRtg;cMNuckNþal O énGgát; AB kñúgkrNIdUcxageRkam ³

k > q = +2μC nig q = +5μC .
A B

x > q = −2μC nig q = −5μC .

A B

K > x > q = +5μC nig q = −5μC .

A B

dMeNaHRsay
KNnb:Utg;EsülGKáisnIRtg; O ³
Rtg; O manb:Utg;EsülbegáItedaybnÞúkGKÁisnIBIrKW ³
- V b:Utg;EsülénbnÞúk q ³ V = kqOA
A A A
A

9 eroberogeday ³ hg; sIum hak; kusl esg vuT§I

- V b:Utg;EsülénbnÞúk q ³ V = kqOB
B B B
B

eyIg)nb:Utg;EsülRtg;cMNuc O ³ V = V + V A B =
kq A kq B
+
OA OB AB
=
2k
(q A + q B )

k > krNI q = +2μC nig q = +5μC ³

A B

eyIg)n ³ V = 2 × 96× 10 (+2 × 10 + 5 × 10

9
−6 −6
) = 2.1 × 10 4 V

dUcenH ³ V = 2.1× 10 V 4

x > krNI q = −2μC nig q = −5μC ³

A B

eyIg)n ³ V = 2 × 96× 10 (−2 × 10 − 5 × 10

9
−6 −6
) = −2.1 × 10 4 V

dUcenH ³ V = −2.1× 10 V 4

K > krNI q = +5μC nig q = −5μC ³

A B

eyIg)n ³ V = 2 × 96× 10 (+5 × 10 − 5 × 10

9
−6 −6
) = 0V

dUcenH ³ V = 0V

20 > eKdak;bnÞúkGKÁisnIdUc²Kña q = +6nC Rtg;kMBUlTaMgbIénRtIekaNsm½gSEdlman

rgVas;RCug a = 12cm . KNnab:Utg;EsülGKÁisnIRtg;cMNuckNþal O én)tRtIekaN .
dMeNaHRsay A (q )
+

KNnab:Utg;EsülGKÁisnIRtg;cMNuckNþal O ³ a

Rtg;cMNuc O manb:Utg;Esül ³ + +
O
9 × 10 q B (q)
9 C (q )
- V Cab:Utg;EsüléncMNucbnÞúk q dak;Rtg; A³
A VA =
OA
eday ³ q = +6nC = +6 × 10 C −9

a 3 12cm 3
OA = = = 10.39cm = 0.104m
2 2
9 × 10 9 × (+6 × 10 −9 )
eyIg)n ³ VA =
0.104
= 519V

10 eroberogeday ³ hg; sIum hak; kusl esg vuT§I

- V Cab:Utg;EsüléncMNucbnÞúk q dak;Rtg; B³ V = 9 ×OB
9
10 q
B B

eday ³ B
−9 a 12
q = +6 × 10 C , OB = = cm = 6cm = 0.06m
2 2
−9
eyIg)n ³ V = 9 × 10 ×0(.06+6 × 10 ) = 900V
9

- V Cab:Utg;EsüléncMNucbnÞúk q dak;Rtg; C³ V = 9 ×OC

9
10 q
C C

eday ³ −9
q = +6 × 10 C , OC = OB = 0.06m
B

−9
eyIg)n ³ V = 9 × 10 ×0(.06+6 × 10 ) = 900V
9

eyIg)nb:Utg;EsülRtg; O ³ V = V + V + V = 519V + 900V + 900V = 2319V

A B C

dUcenH ³ V = 21319V
21 > eKdak;bnÞúkGKÁisnIbI q = +1× 10 C , q = −2 × 10 C , q = +3 × 10 C Rtg;
A
−6
B
−6
C
−6

kMBUlTaMgbIénRtIekaNsm)t ABC Edlman)t BC = 0.4m nigkm<s; AO = 0.3m .

KNnab:Utg;EsülGKÁisnIRtg;cMNuckNþal O én)tRtIekaN .
dMeNaHRsay A (q )
+

KNnab:Utg;EsülGKÁisnIRtg;cMNuckNþal O ³ a
Rtg;cMNuc O manb:Utg;Esül ³
+ +

- V Cab:Utg;EsüléncMNucbnÞúk q ³ V = 9 × 10
9
q B (q ) A
O C (q )
A A A
OA
eday ³ −6
q = +1 × 10 C , OA = 0.3m
A

−6
eyIg)n ³ V = 9 × 10 ×0(.+31× 10 ) = 3 × 10 V
9
4
A

- V Cab:Utg;EsüléncMNucbnÞúk q ³ V = 9 ×OB
9
10 q B
B B B

eday ³ −9
q = +6 × 10 C , OB = =
B
a 0.4
2 2
m = 0.2m
−6
eyIg)n ³ V = 9 × 10 ×0(.−22 × 10 ) = −9 × 10 V
9
4
B

- V Cab:Utg;EsüléncMNucbnÞúk q ³ V = 9 ×OC
9
10 q C
C C C

11 eroberogeday ³ hg; sIum hak; kusl esg vuT§I

eday ³ −6
q = −2 × 10 C , OC = OB = 0.2m
C

−6
eyIg)n ³ V = 9 × 10 ×0(.+23 × 10 ) = 13.5 × 10 V
9
4
C

eyIg)nb:Utg;EsülRtg; O³
V = V A + VB + VC = 3 × 10 4 V − 9 × 10 4 V + 13.5 × 10 4 V = 7.5 × 10 4 V
dUcenH ³ V = 7.5 × 10 4 V

dUcenH ³ W AB = −8 × 10 −17 J

22 > enARtg;kMBUl B , C , D énkaer ABCD EdlmanrgVas;RCug a = 20cm eKdak;bnþbnÞab;

KñanUvcMNucbnÞúk q = + 4 × 10 C , q = − 4 × 10 C , q = + 4 × 10 C .
B
−9
C
−9
D
−9

KNnab:Utg;EsülRtg;cMNuc A .
dMeNaHRsay A B (q )
+
B

KNnab:Utg;EsülRtg;cMNuc A ³
Rtg;cMNuc A manb:Utg;Esül ³
- V Cab:Utg;EsüléncMNucbnÞúk q ³ V = 9 × 10
9
q C
C C
AC
C
a + +

eday ³ q = −4 × 10 C
C
−9 D(q ) C (q ) D C

AC = a 2 = 20cm 2 = 28.3cm = 0.283m

9 × 10 9 × (−4 × 10 −9 )
eyIg)n ³ VC =
0.283
= −127V

9 × 10 9 q B
- V Cab:Utg;EsüléncMNucbnÞúk ³
B q B VB =
AB
eday ³ −9
q = +4 × 10 C , AB = a = 20cm = 0.2m
B

−9
eyIg)n ³ V = 9 × 10 ×0(.+24 × 10 ) = 180V
9

- V Cab:Utg;EsüléncMNucbnÞúk q ³ V = 9 × 10
9
q
D D =V
D (q D
B B = qD )
AD
eyIg)nb:Utg;EsülsrubRtg;cMNuc O ³ V = V + V + V B C D

12 eroberogeday ³ hg; sIum hak; kusl esg vuT§I

smmUl ³ V = −127V + 180V + 180V 1 = 233V

dUcenH ³ V = 233V

23 > EsV‘relah³BIrmankaMerogKña a nig b sßitq¶ayBIKña b:uEnþRtUv)nP¢ab;KñaedayExS

elah³qμarmYy . EsV‘rTaMgBIrmanbnÞúksrub Q .
k > KNnabnÞúkénEsV‘rnImYy² .
x > KNnab:Utg;EsülGKÁisnIénEsV‘rTaMgBIr .
dMeNaHRsay
k > KNnabnÞúkénEsV‘rnImYy² ³
- b:Utg;EsülRtg;p©itEsV‘rkaM a ³ V = k qaa
a

- b:Utg;EsülRtg;p©itEsV‘rkaM b ³ V = k qbb
b

edayEsV‘rTaMgBIrP¢ab;KñaedayExScmøg eyIg)n V = V ³ k qa = k qb
a b
a b

smmUl ³ q = q
a
a
b
b

m:üageTot ³ q +q =Q $
a b
a
b
q +q =Q
b b

naM[ ³ q =
b
a
Q
=
bQ
a+b
+1
b
eyIg)n ³ a bQ
qa = × =
b a+b a+b
aQ

dUcenH ³ qa =
aQ
a+b
, qb =
bQ
a+b

x > KNnab:Utg;EsülGKÁisnIénEsV‘rTaMgBIr ³
eyIgman ³ Va = Vb = k
qa
a
eday ³ qa =
aQ
a+b
aQ
eyIg)n ³ Va = Vb = k a + b =
kQ
a a+b

13 eroberogeday ³ hg; sIum hak; kusl esg vuT§I

dUcenH ³ Va = Vb =
kQ
a+b

24 > cMNucbnÞúkGKÁisnImYy q = +2μC RtUv)ndak;Rtg;Kl;G½kSGab;sIus . cMNucbnÞúk

1

TIBIr q = −3μC RtUv)ndak;Rtg;cMNucEdlmanGab;sIus 1m .

2

kMNt;cMNucEdlmanb:Utg;Esül GKÁisnIesμIsUnü .
dMeNaHRsay
kMNt;cMNucEdlmanb:Utg;EsülGKÁisnIesμIsUnü ³
tag x CaTItaMgEdlmanb:Utg;EsülGKÁisnIesμIsUnü eyIg)nb:Utg;EsülRtg; x man ³
- V b:Utg;EsülbegáItedaybnÞúk q = +2μC ³
1 1 V =
kq
x
1
1

- V b:Utg;EsülbegáItedaybnÞúk q
2 2 = −3μC ³ V2 =
kq 2
x −1

eyIg)n ³ kq1
x
+
kq 2
x −1
=0 $ q1
x
q
+ 2 =0
x −1

smmUl ³ 2
−
3
x x −1
=0 $ 3 x = 2 x −1

-ebI x >1 ³ 3x = 2( x − 1) naM[ ³ x = −2 minBiteRBaH x > 1

-ebI 0 < x < 1 ³ 3x = 2(1 − x) smmUl ³ 3x = 2 − 2 x

naM[ ³ 2
x = = 0.4m
5
-ebI x < 0 ³ − 3 x = 2(1 − x) $ x = −2m
dUcenHcMNucEdlmanb:Utg;EsülsUnümanBIrcMNucKWRtg; x = −2m nig x = 0.4m .

25 > eKdak;bnÞúk q = + q nig q = − q Rtg;cMNuc A nig B Edlsßitcm¶ayBIKña l .

1 2

KNnab:Utg;EsülGKÁisnIRtg;cMNuc P Edlsßitcm¶ay r BIcMNuckNþalén AB

Edl r begáIt)nmMu θ CamYybøg;edkedaysikSakñúgkrNI r >> l .
dMeNaHRsay

14 eroberogeday ³ hg; sIum hak; kusl esg vuT§I

KNnab:Utg;EsülGKÁisnIRtg;cMNuc P ³ P

-b:Utg;EsülénbnÞúk q Rtg;cMNuc P ³
1

kq1 r1 r2
V1 = r
r1
θ θ2
-b:Utg;EsülénbnÞúk q Rtg;cMNuc P ³
2 θ1
kq 2 + −
V2 =
r2 q1 q2
⎛1 1 ⎞ ⎛r −r ⎞ ⎛ r 2 − r12 ⎞
eyIg)n ³ V =
kq1 kq 2
+ = k q ⎜⎜ − ⎟⎟ = k q ⎜⎜ 2 1 ⎟⎟ = k q ⎜⎜ 2 ⎟⎟
r1 r2 ⎝ r1 r2 ⎠ ⎝ r1 r2 ⎠ ⎝ r1 r2 (r2 − r1 ) ⎠
2 2
⎛l⎞ ⎛l⎞
tamrUbmnþkUsIun ³ 1
2

⎝2⎠
l
r = ⎜ ⎟ + r 2 − 2 r cos θ = ⎜ ⎟ + r 2 − lr cos θ
2 ⎝2⎠
2 2
⎛l⎞ l ⎛l⎞
r22 = ⎜ ⎟ + r 2 − 2 r cos(π − θ ) = ⎜ ⎟ + r 2 + lr cos θ
⎝2⎠ 2 ⎝2⎠
2 2
⎛l⎞ ⎛l⎞
eyIg)n ³ r − r = ⎜ ⎟ + r 2 + lr cos θ − ⎜ ⎟ − r 2 + lr cos θ = 2lr cos θ
2
2
1
2

⎝2⎠ ⎝2⎠
⎛ 2lr cos θ ⎞
dUcenH ³ V = k q ⎜⎜
−
⎟⎟
⎝ 12 2 1 ⎠
r r ( r r )

eday r >> l eyIg)n ³ r + r ≈ r + r ≈ 2r , r r

1 2 1 2 ≈ rr = r 2

θ ⎞ k q l cos θ
eyIg)n ³ V = k q ⎛⎜⎝ 2lrr cos
2r ⎠
⎟=
r 2 2

k q l cos θ
dUcenH ³ V =
r2

999999
9999
99

15 eroberogeday ³ hg; sIum hak; kusl esg vuT§I