1> eKdak;m:asTwkkk m = 100g enAsItuNðPaB 0 C eTAkñúgTwkEdlmanm:as m = 200g enAsItuNðPaB

ice
o
W

49 C . eRkayeBlTwkkkrlayGs;eK)nm:assrub m = 300 g enA sItuNðPaB 6 C . KNnakemþA

o
T
o

rlayrbs;Twkkk ebIkemþAm:asTwk c = 1cal / g C . W

o

2 > eKmanbnÞHelah³BIrRbEvgesμIKñaenAsItuNðPaB 0 C mYyeFVIBIEdk nigmYyeToteFVIBIs½gásI . bnÞHelah³

o

TaMgBIr manRbEvgkRmitel¥óg 1mm eBlvasßitenAsItuNðPaB 100 C KNnaRbEvgelah³nImYy²enA o

sItuNðPaB 0 C . eK[ ³ α = 11.4 ×10 / C , α = 34.0 ×10 / C

o
Fe
−6 o
Zn
−6 o

3 > bnÞHelah³mYyeFVIBITg;EdgmanRbEvg l = 25cm manmuxkat; A = 90cm enAsItuNðPaB t = 0 C RtUv)n 2

C
o

dak;kñúgsItuNðPaB t = 125 C . KNnael,ÓncmøgkemþAqøgkat;bnÞHelah³ ebITg;EdgmanemKuNcmøg

h
o

kemþA k = 1.85 × 10 kcal / m.s C .

−2 o

4 > EkvsIuLaMgmYypÞúk)rt 50cm enAsItuNðPaB 30 C . etImaD)rtekIneLIgb:unμan eBl sItuNðPaBekIn

3 o

dl; 60 C ebI)rtmanemKuNrIkmaD β = 1.82 × 10 / C .

o −4 o

5 > eKykdMuTwkkkEdlmanm:as m = 820g enAsItuNðPaB − 5.0 C eFVI[rlayeTACaTwkeRkaymkeKbegáIn

ice
o

sItuNðPaBTwkdl; 50 C . KNnabrimaNkemþAsrubEdlpþl;[dMuTwkkkrlay . KNnasItuNðPaB

o

seRmcrbs;Twk ebIeKbnßynUvbrimaNkemþAesμI 120kJ .

6 > Tg;EdgmYydMumanRbEvg 50cm manmuxkat; 20mm enAsItuNðPaB 0 C RtUv)ndut[ sItuNðPaBekIn 2 o

dl;100 C .KNnaGRtakarcmøgkemþArbs;Tg;EdgebITg;EdgmanemKuNcmøgkemþA
o

k = 1.85 × 10 kcal / m.s C .

−2 o

7 >KNnaGanuPaBEdl)nTTYlBIfass<an; Edlmanmuxkat; A = 0.04m enAsItuNðPaB t = 780 C man 2 o

emKuNbMPayrsμIkemþA e = 0.04 nigemKuNcmøgkemþA σ = 5.67×10 W / m t . −8 2 4

8 > ExSTg;EdgmYymanRbEvg L = 50m . KNnakMeNInlUt)nénRbEvgExS ebIExSekInsItuNðPaBBI 12 C o

eTA 32 C nig α = 1.67 × 10 / C .

o
Cu
−5 o

9 > ExSmYymanRbEvg L = 3m valUt)nRbEvg 0.091cm eBlmankMeNInsItuNðPaB 60 C . KNnaemKuN o

rIkbeNþay α énRbEvgExS .
10 > ExSTg;EdgmYymanRbEvg L = 0.7m enAsItuNðPaB 40 C . KNnaRbEvgExSenAsItuNðPaB 50 C ebI
i
o o

Tg;EdgmanemKuNrIkbeNþay α = 1.67 × 10 / C . Cu
−5 o

1 eroberogeday ³ hak; kusl

11 > ExSnIEklmYymanRbEvg L = 0.62406m enAsItuNðPaB 21 C . eBlsItuNðPaBekIndl; 31 C ExS
i
o o

maneGLúgkasüúg 121.6μm . KNnaRbEvgExSenAsItuNðPaB 0 C nigemKuNrIkbeNþay α . o

12 > r)rEdkmYymanRbEvg 1m . KNnakMeNInsItuNðPaBedIm,I[RbEvgr)rekIn)n 1 / 1000000 én

RbEvgedIm ebIEdkmanemKuNrIkbeNþay α = 12 × 10 / C . −6 o

13 > EsV‘rEdkmYymanGgát;p©it 6cm . Ggát;p©itEsV‘rtUcCagRbehagbnÞHTg;EdgRbEvg 0.010mm enA

sItuNðPaB 30 C EdlminGac[EsV‘rqøgkat;bnÞHTg;Edg)n . etIenAsItuNðPaBb:unμaneTIbEsV‘rEdkGac
o

qøgkat;RbehagbnÞHTg;Edg)n ? eK[ ³ α = 1.9 ×10 C , α = 1.2 × 10 C .

B
−5 o −1
Iron
−5 o −1

14 > bursmñak;cg;dak;RKIbkg;eQImYyEdlmanGgát;p©itxageRkA1.1000m edayeRbIbnÞHEdkEdlman

Ggát;p©itxagkñúg1.0980m enAsItuNðPaBedIm 20 C .KNnasItuNðPaBedIm,IGac[bursGacRKIbkg;eQI)n
o

ebIEdkRKIbmanemKuNrIkbeNþay α = 1.2 × 10 C . Iron

−5 o −1

15 > ExSEm:RtEdkEfbmYyRtUv)nRkitenAsItuNðPaB 20 C . enAsItuNðPaBRtCak;rhUtdl; − 15 C cUr o o

KNnakRmitel¥ógrbs;ExSEm:Rt . eK[emKuNrIkbeNþayrbs;EdkEfbman α = 1.2 × 10 C . −5 o −1

16 > ExSEdkEfbmYymanmuxkat; 2.0mm RtUv)ndak;sn§wgRbEvg 1.50m enAsItuNðPaB 30 C Tl;cgu

2 o

sgxagnwgedayKμantMNwg . KNnatMNwgExS ebIsItuNðPaBfycuHdl; − 10 C EdkEfbmanm:UDulyuaMg o

Y = 2 ×10 N / m nigemKuNrIkbeNþay α = 1.2 ×10 / C .

11 2 −5 o

17 > sMNg;mYyRtUg)neRbIR)s;sésEdkEdlmanmuxkat; 45cm enAsItuNðPaB − 10 C Edlcugsgxag 2 o

RtUv)ncak;P¢ab; edaysIum:g;t_EdlminGackeRmIk)n.KNnakmøaMgsgát;elIsésEdkenAsItuNðPaB 25 C o

ebIEdkman Y = 2 × 10 N / m , α = 1.2 × 10 / C .
11 2 −5 o

18 r)rEdkedkmYymanRbEvg 8m manmuxkat; 150cm enAsItuNðPaB 4 C Edlmuxkat;TaMgsgxagman 2 o

GgÁFaturwgTb;Cab;min[cl½t . KNnakmøaMgEdlr)rEdkrujGgÁFaturwgeBlr)rsßitkñúgsItuNðPaB
30 C ebI Y = 2 × 10 Pa, α = 1.2 × 10 / C .
o 11 −5 o

19 > bnÞHTg;EdgmYybnÞHmanmuxkat; 500cm enAsItuNðPaB 0 C .KNnaépÞmuxkat;énbnÞHTg;EdgenHenA

2 o

sItuNðPaB 80 C ebITg;EdgmanemKuNrIbeNþay α = 1.67 ×10 / C .

o −5 o

19 > KNnakMeNInmaDrbs;)rtEdlmanmaDedIm 100cm ebIsItuNðPaBekInBI 10 C dl; 35 C . )rt 3 o o

manemKuNrIkmaD β = 1.8 ×10 / C . −4 o

20 > EdkmYydMumanmaD 3000cm enAsItuNðPaB 15 C . KNnabERmbRmYlmaDEdkeBlsItuNðPaB

3 o

ekIndl; 47 C ebIEdkmanemKuNrIkbeNþay α = 1.2 ×10 / C .

o −5 o

21 > FugcMhreFVIBIGaluymIjÚmmYymancMNuH 300mL dak;KøIesrIneBjenAsItuNðPaB 20 C . KNnamaD o

2 eroberogeday ³ hak; kusl

rbs;KøIesrInEdlehorecjeBlKøIesrIneLIgdl;sItuNðPaB 110 C ebIKøIesrInmanemKuNrIkmanén
o

KøIesrIn β = 4.85 × 10 / C nigemKuNrIkbeNþayénGaluymIjÚm α = 2.55 × 10 / C

−4 o −5 o

22 > eKdutkemþAGaluymIjÚmEdlmanm:as 0.3g enAsItuNðPaBedIm 20 C rhUtdl;rlaykøayCarav . o

KNnabrimaNkemþAEdlRtUvkar ebIcMNucrlayrbs;GaluymIjÚmenAsItuNðPaB 660 C nigmankemþAm:as o

0.22kcal / kg C nigkemþArlay 76.8kcal / kg .

o

23 > eKykdMuTwkkkEdlmanm:as m = 20 g enAsItuNðPaB − 50 C eFVI[rlayeTACaTwkeRkaymkeKbegáIn

ice
o

sItuNðPaBTwkdl;150 C . KNnabrimaNkemþAEdelRtUvkar ebIkemþAm:asTwkkkesμI 0.5kcal / kg C kemþA

o o

rlayTwkkk 80kcal / kg kemþAcMhayTwk 540kcal / kg kemþAm:ascMhayTwk 0.5kcal / kg C . o

24>eKcak;Twkkkmanm:as m = 200g enAsItuNðPaB − 20 C cak;cUlkñúgTwk m = 350 g enAsItuNðPaB

1
o
2

40 C enAkñúgkaLÚrIEm:RtEdlmanm:assmUlCaTwk m = 50 g . KNnasItuNðPaBcugeRkay .
o

25> ExSGaluymIjÚmmYymanmuxkat; A = 1cm manGRtacmøgkemþA 8cal / s manemKuNcmøgkemþA

2

k = 0.50cal / s.cm C . KNnasItuNðPaBcmøgkemþA .

o

26> bnÞHelah³ragkaermYymankRmas; 4cm manRCug 25cm manplsgsItuNðPaBrvagépÞTaMgsgxag

40 C .
o
KNnakemþAEdlbBa¢Únkñúgry³eBlmYyem:ag ebIemKuNcmøgkemþA ( conductivity )
k = 0.0025cal / s.cm C .
o

27 > TVarTUrTwkkkmYymankm<s;150cm manTTwg 80 cm nigkRmas; 6cm . KNnabrimaN kemþAEdl)t;bg;

kñúgmYynaTI ebIsItuNðPaBxagkñúg 0 C nigxageRkA 30 C manplsgsItuNðPaB nigemKuNcmøgkemþA
o o

( conductivity ) k = 0.0005cal / s.cm C . o

28 > EsV‘rmYymankaM 3cm manskmμPaBCarUbFatuexμA . EsV‘rsßitkñúgsßanPaBlMnwgCamYynwgsRmUbEdlman

GanuPaB 30kW BImCÄdæaneRkA .KNnasItuNðPaBrbs;EsV‘r ebIemKuNbMPaykaMrsμI e = 1 nigemKuNcmøg
kemþA σ = 5.67 × 10 W / m K .
−8 2

29 > cMNucrn§exμAtUcmYyenAkñúgc®gáanGKÁisnImYyEdlmanépÞ 100mm . eKcg;[rn§exμA enHekInsItuNðPaB

2

dl; 1100 C . KNnaGanuPaBénkarbBa¢ÚnrsμIqøgkat;rn§exμAenH

o
ebIemKuNbMPaykaMrsμI e = 1
nigemKuNcmøgkemþA σ = 5.67 × 10 W / m K . −8 2

30 > muxkat;énRbdab;kemþAeKhdæanmYymanépÞ1.5m manemKuNbMPaykaMrsμI e = 0.55 .

2

k > KNnaGanuPaBbnSayrsμI eBlmansItuNðPaB 50 C . o

x > KNnaGRtakarbBa¢ÚnkaMrsμIkemþA .
eK[emKuNcmøgkemþA σ = 5.67 × 10 W / m K . −8 2

3 eroberogeday ³ hak; kusl