Evolution of Internet

• When computers are invented and

usage of it was increased, then the need
of communication and transfer of data
between two computers is required for
the work to be done faster.
• During 1960’s major universities &
research firms like US Department
agency, The advance research projects
agency decided that computers could be
linked together so that programs & data
could be easily shared.
 INTERNET
It is a network of networks. The set of computers
connected together is considered as a Network.
Network is a physical system. In network a client
& a host computer will be present. Network passes
a request of client system to the server. Each
computer will be having a unique address. Internet
has a rule of TCP/IP(Transmission control
protocol ) i.e., it takes control over given data and
transmits data.
Server and client computers
 Internet will be organized by WWW
( World Wide Web) created in 1989 in
European Particle Physics.
 Server has a physical existence which

posses the information of the clients.

Data Conversion…..
• The data that is
present in digital
format is converted
into analog form
(telephone wire
acceptable form) by
means of a peripheral
device modem. For
the retrieval of data
form Internet again
data is converted from
analog form to digital.
 Flow of data….
• Flow of data is from telephone lines. The
supplied data is first divided into equal parts
(min 4bits) & each part is called is Packet.
• The first packet contains the destination address
& it is called the Header packet & the other
packets are called as Payload.
• The packets will flow and the destination with
the help of header packet.
• FTP (File Transfer protocol ) is one which
transfer file from source to destination.
 Browser….
• Browser is used to make use of a site in Internet.
• Browser is an application software.

• e.g., I.E,Netscape,Opera……
• Browser executes the data supplied. It uses the

http (hyper text transfer protocol) to execute the

data supplied.
When Browser receives the site name , http
requests the network to locate the site.
 Home page….
• Browser displays the
Homepage first.
• Homepage has the basic
information of the site & it is
designed in HTML
language(Hyper Text
Markup Language).
• It is static page i.e., no two
HTML pages can
communicate. Hyperlink is
one which connects user to
the page (site).
 Transmitting Data……
• Data can be transmitted by means of 1. Twisted pair.
• 2. Co-axial Cable.
• 3. Fiber optics. etc…
 The data flow in the fiber optics is in the form of light
(I.F.rays)
 Radio Microwave (or) Infrared signals are used to transmit
data to far places.
 Network Adaptor is one which sends the data to the antenna
and also it will receives the data.
 NIC( Network Interface Card) is used in networking.
 URL….
• Each site will be having the unique address called
URL.
• URL is the space provided in the browser where
in which the address of the destination is written.
• If the address of the destination is provided in the
URL then the browser uses the http to connect to
the site.
 Search engines….
•Search engine is a type of software which is
used in internet for finding some websites.
• e.g.. Google etc…
By typing the word, phrase in the space
provided by the software you can find out the
related websites.
 Additional Information….
• VRML (Virtual Reality Markup Language) is used
to transfer the multimedia (combination of audio &
video) from source to destination.
• Network adaptor will send the data to the antenna
and receives the data & it will be inside the
computer.
• NIC( Network Interface Card) is a circuit which will
be installed in each computer in a network.
• TELNET is a service provided by the internet which
makes remote system to get connected. A physical
connection is present between 2 systems.