NWICO

New Word Information and

Communication Order
NWICO

 Definition
 Purpose
 History
 Issues
 Characters and Contents
 Problems and Prospects
Definition of NWICO

NWICO was a position statement, molded

principally by the countries of the developing
word in alliance with the communist nation of
Soviet Union and Eastern Europe.
(Mody, Gudykunst, 2002: 325)
Purpose Of NWICO

 Rights to get Information => Right to

communicate the Information
 Balancing the unbalanced flow of information
between developed 1st World country and the
3rd World Country
History of NWICO
(Mody, Gudykunst 2002:328-329; Hildreth, www.scribd.com)

 1948, Universal Declaration of Human Right

=>freedom of Information
 1961, ECOSOC (UN Economic and Social
Council) => global imbalance of information
structures
 1962, UN General Assembly => 70% people
don’t get enough information facilities and
effective enjoyment of getting information
History….

 1966&1972, UN General Assembly => issues of

satelite broadcasting and the implication for
nation sovereignty of the receiving country.
 1974, UN => Declaration NIEO -> advocated
equitable economic relationship beetwen 1st and
3rd World Country
 1975, Intergovernmental Meeting of Experts at
UNESCO => commissioned the MacBride
Commission to
find out the prevailing world communication
problems.
History…

 1976, NAM’s Symposium => fight for national

emancipation obstructed by International
media
 NAM => established Non Aligned News
Agencies Pool (NANAP)
 1980, NWICO principles spoken in Baghdad
Issues

 Freedom vs Sovereignty
 Idea about Media for Nation vs Media for
People
 Freedom of Press vs Freedom of Information
 Ideas of Audience as a Clients vs Audience as
Media Partners
 Communication Equality vs Communication
Choice
Character and Content Of NWICO

 Character: to reduce the gab between

the developed and developing
countries by strengthening
infrastructure and services through
international cooperation and
assistance.
 Content:
- The will to bring about chance in their own areas of
communication
- Co-operation for removing all obstacles to
balanced flow of news and information
- Sharing of communication resources
- Co-operations to correct imbalances
- Co-operation between the media-rich and media-
poor to strengthen the communication
infrastructure
Problems and prospects of NWICO
(Mody, Gudykunst 2002:336-327;

 UNESCO favored government control of

information and license Journalist
 -> Western (US) can’t adopt it -> withdraw
from UNESCO
 -> many 3rd World country start to transform
information flow
Problems…

 NANAP, PANA and others news agencies

initiative never great and tends to collapse.
 > political and economical difficulty
 > incapable of challenging dominant western
Agencies
 > lack of credibility as the result of
government dependence
 “Satu contoh adalah kelahiran Tata Informasi
dan Komunikasi Dunia Baru (NWICO), yang
dikait-kaitkan dengan pelaksanaan Deklarasi
Media Massa UNESCO 1978. Bagi banyak
pihak, lembaga itu lebih merupakan kontrol atas
kebebasan pers dengan motor utama
International Organization of Journalist --
organisasi rekaan kekuatan komunis”
(Tempo, 24 Oktober 1987)
References

 McPhail, Thomas L., 2006. Global Communication:

Theories, Stakeholders and Trends (2nd Edition). Oxford:
Blackwell Publising
 Mody, B. & Gudykunst. 2002. Handbook of International
and Intercultural Communication (2nd Edition).
California: Sage Publications
 Shamsi, Nayyar. 2005. Encyclopaedia of Mass
Communication in Twenty First Century: Vol 1
Introduction to Mass Communication. New Delhi: Anmol
Publication
 Patsis, Louiza. Accessed 2010. UNESCO and Information
Policy: The US withdrawal, the IGOs IFAP and IPDC, and
Other Information Programs. www.scribd.com/doc/