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General Chemistry: Atoms First: Chemistry: Matter and Measurement
General Chemistry: Atoms First: Chemistry: Matter and Measurement
General Chemistry: Atoms First: Chemistry: Matter and Measurement
Fay
Chapter 1
Chemistry: Matter and Measurement
Lecture Notes
Alan D. Earhart
Southeast Community College • Lincoln, NE
Chapter 1/3
Elements and the Periodic
Table
Chapter 1/4
Chapter 1/5
Elements and the Periodic
Table
Main Groups
• columns 1A–2A (2 groups)
• columns 3A–8A (6 groups)
Chapter 1/9
Some Chemical Properties of
the Elements
Alkali Metals
Chapter 1/10
Some Chemical Properties of
the Elements
Alkaline Earth Metals
Chapter 1/11
Some Chemical Properties of
the Elements
Alkaline Earth Metals
Chapter 1/12
Some Chemical Properties of
the Elements
Halogens
Chapter 1/13
Some Chemical Properties of
the Elements
Halogens
Chapter 1/14
Some Chemical Properties of
the Elements
Noble Gases
Chapter 1/15
Some Chemical Properties of
the Elements
Noble Gases
Chapter 1/16
Some Chemical Properties of
the Elements
Metals
Chapter 1/17
Some Chemical Properties of
the Elements
Metals
Some Chemical Properties of
the Elements
Nonmetals
Chapter 1/19
Some Chemical Properties of
the Elements
Nonmetals
Chapter 1/20
Some Chemical Properties of
the Elements
Semimetals
Chapter 1/21
Experimentation and
Measurement
Système Internationale d´Unités
Chapter 1/25
Length and Its Measurement
Meter
• 1790: One ten-millionth of the distance
from the equator to the North pole along a
meridian running through Paris, France.
5 °C
°C = (°F - 32 °F)
9 °F
K = °C + 273.15
Chapter 1/29
Chapter 1/30
Derived Units: Density and Its
Measurement
Mass (g)
Density =
Volume (mL or cm3)
good accuracy
good precision
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. Chapter 1/36
Accuracy, Precision, and
Significant Figures
Mass of a Tennis Ball
Measurement Bathroom Lab Analytical
# Scale Balance Balance
good accuracy
poor precision
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. Chapter 1/37
Accuracy, Precision, and
Significant Figures
Mass of a Tennis Ball
Measurement Bathroom Lab Analytical
# Scale Balance Balance
poor accuracy
poor precision
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. Chapter 1/38
Accuracy, Precision, and
Significant Figures
Significant figures: The total number of digits
recorded in a measured or calculated quantity.
They come from uncertainty in any measurement.
0 cm 1 2 3 4
3 SF 278 mi
= 23.8 mi/gal (mpg)
11.70 gal
4 SF
3 SF
1m 39.37 in
Conversion factor: or
39.37 in 1m
converts converts
in to m m to in
starting quantity ??
conversion factor
69.5 in x 1m = 1.77 m
39.37 in
conversion factor