Communicable

Disease Prevention
and Control
Pneumonia
What is Pneumonia?

Pneumonia is an acute infectious disease

of the lungs usually caused by the
pneumoccocus resulting in the consolidation
of one or more lobes of either one or both
lungs.
Etiology:

 Diploccocus pneumoniae
 Occasionally pneumoccocus of Friedlander
 Viruses
Predisposing causes

 Fatigue
 Overexposure to inclement weather
(extreme hot or cold)
 Exposure to polluted air
 Malnutrition
Incubation period:

2-3 days

Mode of Transmission:

 Airborne droplet
Signs and symptoms

 Rhinitis/common cold
 Chest indrawing
 Rusty sputum
 Productive cough
 Fast respiration
 High fever
 Vomiting at times
 Convulsions may occur
 Flushed face
 Dilated pupils
 Severe chills, in young children
 Pain over affected lung
 Highly colored urine with reduced
chlorides and increased urates
Diagnosis

 Based on history and clinical signs and

symptoms
 Dull percussion note on affected side
(lung)
 X-ray
Complications

 Emphysema or pleural effusion

 Endocarditis or pericarditis with effusion
 Pneumoccocal meningitis
 Otitis media in children
 Hypostatic edema and hyperemia of
unaffected lung in the elderly
 Jaundice
 Abortion
Management

 Bedrest
 Adequate salt, fluid, calorie and vitamin
intake
 Tepid sponge for fever
 Frequent turning from side to side
 Antibiotics based on Care of Acute
Respiratory Infection (CARI) of the DOH