a “Wat You'll Learn “oy Te find the sine and cesine ratios To solve problems Coven cesine ratios And Why ‘You can use the sine and. | cosine ratios to solve | problems involving fire safety. Here's How Look for questions that &s build understanding check understanding B hyporenuse ee loppesit ‘ A tex adjacent © IORSOR LA Cases Work Together _ 4. a, Using graph paper and a protractor, draw 2 A, 40° angle with one side on a horizontal line. Then choose vertical lines to draw segments HG, FD, and CB as shown, b. Use a centimeter rulerto 4 SST) measure the segments in the first three columns below to the nearest millimeter. ‘Use a calculator to find the ratios in the fourth and fifth Exploring Sine and Cosine Ratios columns. BC-= AB Bn Be DP== AD= = == Be GH AG AH am 4G- © skPatterns Compare your ratios with those of other members of your group. What patterns do you find? 2. Repeat Question 1, but this time, use mZA ~ 73° Pens W Finding the Sine and Cosine Ratios ‘The tangent ratio involves the lengths of the legs of a right triangle. The sine and cosine ratios involve the lengths of the hypotenuse and one of the legs. These three ratios are called trigonometric ratios. sine of 2A A sth of leg opposi Tength of hypotenuse Jength of lex adincent to 2A oength of hypotenuse ‘These equations can be abbreviated. sin A= Rypotenuse cosine of 2A = adjac hypotenuse cos A= @ EXAMPLE 1 Find sin G and cos G. = opposite _ 48 _ 12 snG hypotenuse 52 13 = -adjscent_ _ 20 08 G = Bypotenuse ~ 52 = 15 3. W Try It Out Find sin H and cos H. ‘You can use a calculator to find the sine and cosine of any acute angle of a right triangle. ‘To find sin 41° and cos 41°, use these key sequences. 41 (Bl 0.656059 = So, sin 41° ~ 0.6561. 41 (Ref 0.7547096 So, cos 41° ~ 0.7547. 4, &Calculator Find sin 83° and cos 39° to the nearest, ten-thousandth. ‘© Using the Sine and Cosine Ratios ‘You can use the sine and cosine ratios to solve problems. @ EXAMPLE 2 Real-World Problem Solving @ [Fire Safety The longest ladder that a suburban fire department has is a 105-ft ladder mounted on top of a truck. For the safety of those on the ladder, the fire department does not want to extend the ladder to an angle greater than ‘78° with the roof of the truck. If the roof of the truck is 10 ft off the ground, find the highest point the ladder can reach. 0 Draw a diagram to describe the problem. Let x = the side opposite the 75° angle. ae site, sin A = Fypotenuse (05 ft sin 75° = 335 Substitute. x = sin 75°(105) —Solve for x. 75 (SN GS 105 (Bi POL42221 toe So, x ~ 101. Since the roof of the truck is ¢ 4 10 feet off the ground, the highest the ladder can reach is 101 + 10, or 111 feet off the ground. Use the sine ratio,QSurIpTing oy Jo asuq eyz 07 JePPET ay} Jo WoIjeq ay} WO SoULySTP IY} S] YA “Joos B Jo GU} wsarwoU ayy OF, -q Burpymg ay jo ase au} 0} ZeppEy ayy Jo doy ay Woy aoMEySIp 243 St Jey HM "00 B Jo Y}Us} yserROU oy Of ‘PUNIT ay} YrIm [SUB SJ, B SUIAOy 9 JY Os SUIplmg e ISUISe sysax Zoppey y-9T ¥ “@ “27d 2@PHS 84) St BuoT «voy hogy “punosF oy] YPM Og Moge Jo ofue ue soyeur yey aut] 1YyBTex1s w UL spuadsep pUue Y OZ Jo FBIOY & Je sy1wys I] “ysaxoFUTEY oy popped st “epLLOLZ ‘OpUBLO UT Josey BIUEULTEFEM YI Fe apl[s Y SyseY 122EM ‘oz w! “yquo} yseavou ay} 04 punoY +7 PUY ‘“emnsy yous uy B “yqued ysereet oy} 07 punoy ‘ores aut? 24} soajoatr yeqy uoTUnbe ue Zutajos pue Surytam Aq x pug “q “yyua} ysoreou 943 0] punoy “ores aurs oT) S8A[OAUT Jeu] UOT}eNba ue Surajos puv SuyLum fq x puly “e usu oy 3 OMY 0 Toyo “Lz AE 7" a & 2 4 | a 2% “OS is s\ | a4 5. \ 3 a . go # os g “Sx “ Gs % d 5 — on 8 3 3 £ TA agé vs i 3 fone # "Ege ae 3 4 gS gg #8 f she. as : 4 @ = 2 gi ° aie zs 2 ag 3 s BeEG es = Bi \. g § eg S8fe & g 3 4 a bee 5 = 5 i 2338 3% = posts i . 4244 23ee e 8 S ce 8 4 bgah cas Ma 3 a es ri wash BsR5 a ae o5 Se fF & B gx fe2q S338 AE Go ga 8g oh 2362235 ye 8 8 i x Sede 426 g gegen dey See? a8 Apa tas HE GE Mm Es ta Siae Gs Bice oH, Hs oz é a3 < page gfe Ais ee By zk ae Paoa: § € af § § SEG ~Oaoy Sae5 SF 2g pics 43-2 328 « Saobdeoaa