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 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 1 2 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
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Cmv gmxn : Bmjv‡gi GK

bex
(Pv‡P©i weK…wZi GK HwZnvwmK Av‡jL¨)

†gvnv¤§` AvZvDi- inxg

Abyev`
†nv‡mb gvngy`

m¤úv`bv
cÖ‡dmi Avãyi gvbœvb
Avãyj­vn knx` Avãyi ingvb

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‫اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺐ اﻟﺘﻌﺎوﻧﻲ ﻟﻠﺪﻋﻮة وﺗﻮﻋﯿﺔ اﻟﺠﺎﻟﯿﺎت ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺑﻮة‬
Islamic Propagation Office in Rabwah
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
gyLeÜ
L„óxq BwZnv‡mi GK wewkó cwÊZ ¯^xKvi K‡ib †h AvaywbK Kv‡ji L„óag©
n‡”Q Cmv gmx‡ni (Jesus) gy‡Li Dci GKwU Ôgy‡LvkÕ| wZwb e‡jb, GKwU
gy‡Lvk `xN© mgq civ _vK‡j Zv GKwU wbR¯^ Rxeb jvf K‡i Ges †mfv‡eB
†mUv M„nxZ nq| gymjgv‡biv BwZnv‡mi Cmv Av. -†K wek¦vm K‡i| ZvB Zviv
Ôgy‡LvkÕ-†K MÖnY Ki‡Z A¯^xK…wZ Rvbvq| ms‡¶‡c, MZ †PŠÏ‡kvÕ eQi a‡i
Bmjvg I Pv‡P©i g‡a¨ GUvB gZcv_©‡K¨i KviY n‡q Av‡Q| Bmjv‡gi
AvMg‡bi c~‡e© Gwiqvb, cwjwmq Ges M_‡`i wKQy †jvK Cmv Av.-†K MÖnY
K‡iwQj, Z‡e cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡iwQj Zuvi Ôgy‡LvkÕ-†K| wKš‘ †ivgvb mgªvUMY
Cmvi Av. Ôgy‡LvkÕ-†K L„óvb‡`i †g‡b wb‡Z eva¨ K‡i| GB Am¤¢e j¶¨
nvwm‡ji Rb¨ Zviv j¶ j¶ L„óvb‡K nZ¨v K‡i| mviwfUv‡mi GKRb f³
K¨vmwU‡jv e‡jb †h, Ò†Kvb gZev‡`i Rb¨ GKRb †jvK‡K nZ¨v Ki‡jB †mB
gZev` cÖgvwYZ nq bv|Ó A‡¯¿i gy‡L †Rvi K‡i †Kvb a‡g© wek¦vm Kiv‡bv hvq
bv|
†Kvb †Kvb gn‡ji civgk© †h Bsj¨v‡Ûi Rbmgv‡Ri mv‡_
wbweofv‡e wg‡k hvIqvi R‡b¨ gymjgvb‡`i DwPZ Zv‡`i `yÕwU Drme‡K
eow`b I Bóv‡ii mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y© Kiv| hviv GK_v e‡jb Zviv fy‡j hvb †h
†k‡lv³ Drme¸‡jv L„óvb-c~e© †cŠËwjK Drme| GKwU nj m~h©- †`eZvi
cÖvPxb c‡b¥vrme Ges Ab¨wU nj cÖvPxb A¨vs‡jv- m¨v·b De©iZvi (mš—vb
`vÎx) †`exi D‡Ï‡k¨ wb‡ew`Z cweÎ Drme| G cwiw¯’wZ‡Z ev¯—‡e Kviv ÔL„ó
we‡ivaxÕ Zv mn‡RB Aby‡gq|
G MÖ‡š’ m¤¢eZ GB cÖ_gev‡ii gZ gi“ mvMi cuyw_ (Dead Sea
Scrolls), L„óvb‡`i ag©MÖš’, AvaywbK M‡elYv I KziAvb-nvw`‡mi wfwˇZ
cÖvß mKj Z_¨ e¨envi K‡i Cmv Av. Gi cweÎ Rxeb wb‡q M‡elYv Kiv
n‡q‡Q| †h me L„óvb cwÊZ hxïi BwZnvm †jLvi †Póv K‡i‡Qb Zviv KL‡bvB
Zuvi Ck¦i‡Z¡i aviYv †_‡K wb‡R‡`i m¤ú~Y© gy³ Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| hLb Zuviv
Zuvi Ck¦iZ¡ cÖgvY Ki‡Z e¨_© n‡q‡Qb ZLb KL‡bv KL‡bv GB e‡j Dcmsnvi
†U‡b‡Qb †h wZwb †gv‡UB Aw¯—Z¡kxj wQ‡jb bv A_ev ÒwZwb mK‡ji Kv‡Q
3 4 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
mewKQy|Ó G iKg gvbwmKZv m¤úbœ Kv‡iv c‡¶B GKwU e¯‘wbô M‡elYv Kiv
Am¤¢e| Cmv Av. Aw¯—Z¡kxj wQ‡jb, G `„p cÖZ¨q e¨³ K‡iB G MÖš’ ïi“
n‡q‡Q| wZwb wQ‡jb GKRb gvbyl Ges Avj­vni bex|
G MÖš’wU 30 eQ‡ii Aa¨qb I M‡elYvi dmj| AvgvZzi iKxe
evRv‡i cvIqv hvq bv Ggb me eB mÜvb Ki‡Z wM‡q hy³iv‡óªi wewfbœ kn‡ii
iv¯—vq wewfbœ mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb nb| Zuv‡K Avgvi ab¨ev`| G mKj eB KivwPi
jvB‡eªwi¸‡jv‡Z cvIqv hvq bv| myZivs GB f`ªgwnjv Avgv‡K †h mvnvh¨
K‡i‡Qb Zvi ¸i“Z¡ Acwimxg|
†RÏvi gnvgvb¨ Rbve Avng` RvgRyb KivwP‡Z Avgvi mv‡_ mv¶vr
K‡ib| Avwg hLbB †Kvb mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb n‡qwQ, ZLwb Zuvi Drmvn I
mn‡hvwMZv †c‡qwQ| Avwg ab¨ev` RvbvB kvqL gvngy` myevn‡K Av‡jvP¨
welqwU Mfxifv‡e Aa¨q‡bi R‡b¨ Avgvi jÛb AvMgb Zuvi mvnv‡h¨B m¤¢e
n‡q‡Q|
jÛ‡b Avwg gnvgvb¨ kvqL Ave`yj Kvw`‡ii mv‡_ mv¶vr Kwi|
cÖwZwU ch©v‡qB wZwb Avgvi cÖwZ mvnv‡h¨i nvZ cÖmvwiZ K‡i‡Qb| Gi d‡j
Avwg Rbve Avng` Ugm‡bi mn‡hvwMZv jvf Kwi| wZwb Avgv‡K eû Z_¨ I
MÖš’ msMÖ‡n mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi GB D`vi mvnvh¨ Qvov G MÖš’ iPbv KZw`‡b
†kl n‡Zv, Zv ejv gykwKj| nvRx Ave`yj nK weDwj me mgq Avgv‡K
cÖ‡qvRbxq civgk© I Dc‡`k w`‡q‡Qb|
W±i Avwj Av‡bBwRi KvQ †_‡K Avwg †h †øn I Avš—wiKZv jvf
K‡iwQ, Zv ejvi bq, ü`q w`‡q Abyfe Kivi welq|
cwi‡k‡l KziAv‡bi fvlvq ewj :
َ‫وَﻣَﺎ ﺗَﻮْﻓِﯿْﻘِﻲْ اِﻻﱠ ﺑِﺎﷲ‬
Avj­vni mvnvh¨ Qvov Avgvi c‡¶ wKQyB Kiv m¤¢e wQj bv|
jÛb gynv¤§` AvZvDi- inxg
Rgvw`Dj Djv
1397 wnRwi
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 5 6 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
f~wgKv Ò†Kvb wKQyB Zvi m`„k bq, wZwb me© †kÖvZv, wZwb me©`ªóvÓ| (Avj KziAvb
42 : 11)
G MÖ‡š’i †jLK gynv¤§` AvZvDi inxg Av‡eM mnKv‡i
Avgiv wbwðZ Rvwb †h Avj­vn bexMY‡K †cÖiY K‡i‡Qb, Zuviv
Dcjwä K‡ib †h, L„óvb †`k¸‡jvi Rbmvavi‡Yi hw` Bmjvwg ag©
Avgv‡`i R‡b¨B †cÖwiZ n‡q‡Qb, RM‡Z Avgv‡`i GKgvÎ gvey` wn‡m‡e
wek¦vm m¤ú‡K© wKQy ÁvbI _vKZ, cvkvcvwk Zviv hw` Avj­vni bex Cmv
Avj­vni evYx Zuviv cÖPvi K‡i‡Qb Ges Avgv‡`i Abymi‡Yi R‡b¨ cÖ`vb
Av. ‡K cÖK…ZB eySvi †Póv KiZ, Zvn‡j fwel¨‡Z A‡bK AcÖ‡qvRbxq
K‡i‡Qb wb‡`©kbv (Avmgvwb wKZve)| gymjgvbMY AcwieZ©bxq I c~Y©v½
hš¿Yv cwinvi Kiv †hZ| †gavex, D`vi `„wó fw½i AwaKvix Avš—R©vwZK
cweÎ KziAv‡bi Abymvix, wKš‘ Zviv m¤¢eZ mg‡q mg‡q GB c~Y©v½
g‡bvfvevcbœ cwÊZ G †jLK gvby‡li myL I Kj¨vY Kvgbvi †¶‡Î †`k
AcwieZ©bxq gnv MÖš’wU‡K Ab¨‡`i R‡b¨ †evaMg¨ K‡i Zzj‡Z mg_© nq
I RvZxqZvi mxgv AwZµg K‡i †M‡Qb| Zuvi e³e¨, Aš—t mvs¯‹…wZK
bv| GB †jLK, mKj gvby‡li R‡b¨ Zuvi Mfxi `i‡`i Kvi‡Y- we‡kl
AÁZvB n‡”Q AvR‡Ki `y`©kv I K‡ói cÖavb GKK KviY|
K‡i hviv Zuvi †P‡qI †mŠfvM¨nxb- Zv‡`i mv‡_ †hvMv‡hv‡Mi GB e¨_©Zv
†m Kvi‡YB G MÖš’wU iwPZ, cÖavbZ cvðv‡Z¨i D‡Ï‡k¨| Z‡e
m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb| wZwb Bmjv‡gi wewfbœ AvÂwjK iƒc m¤ú‡K©I
G MÖš’wU Zv‡`i Rb¨I hviv Cmv Av.-Gi Rb¥, Zuvi wgkb I Zuvi Aš—
we‡klfv‡e m‡PZb hv wKbv Bmjv‡gi Af¨š—‡iB weKvk jvf K‡i‡Q|
a©vb‡K wN‡i ci¯úiwe‡ivax aviYvi RUvRvj †_‡K gyw³ †c‡Z Pvb|
G¸‡jv hviv Bmjvg‡K †eovi Icvi †_‡K fxwZi mv‡_ †`‡L‡Q Zv‡`i
gynv¤§` AvZv Di-inxg GB wek„•Ljv‡K GKRb LuvwU HwZnvwm‡Ki hyw³
weåvš— Ki‡Z, GgbwK wewfbœ †`‡ki gymjgvb‡`i g‡a¨I weåvwš— I fyj
w`‡q AvµgY K‡i‡Qb| wZwb †`L‡Z †c‡q‡Qb †h cÖvq mKj weåvwš—i
†evSveywS NUv‡Z m¶g|
KviY nj `yÕwU gZev` hv mKj hyw³‡KB D‡c¶v K‡i‡Q| gZev` `yÕwU
†KejgvÎ my`„p msKí, wecyj mnvbyf~wZB wewfbœ RvwZi g‡a¨
nj Kw_Z hxïi Ck¦iZ¡ Ges wÎZ¡ev`|
cÖK…Z åvZ…Z¡ I mg‡SvZv Avb‡Z cv‡i| me‡P‡q eo evav nj
GB MÖš’ L„óvb PvP© hvi Dci e¨vcKfv‡e wbf©ikxj, †mB
AcwiP‡qi fxwZ| ˆbwZK g~j¨‡evanxb cvðv‡Z¨i w`‡K ZvwK‡q A‡bK
KíKvwnbx‡K wecyjfv‡e †f‡O ¸uwo‡q w`‡q‡Q Ges Cmv Av.-†K
gymjgvbB g‡b K‡ib †h †mB Ava¨vwZ¥K k~b¨Zvi g‡a¨ Bmjv‡gi cÖ‡ek
†`wL‡q‡Q G‡Kk¦iev‡` wek¦v‡mi wk¶K wn‡m‡e hv‡K Bqvû`x
NUv‡bv LyeB mnR e¨vcvi n‡e| wKš‘ G ai‡bi Avkv †cvlY Kiv Avm‡j
cy‡ivwnZZ‡š¿i ga¨Kvi AmsL¨, Lvivc Dcv`vb aŸs‡mi R‡b¨ Avj­vn
k~‡b¨ cÖvmv` wbg©v‡Yi gZB| cvðv‡Z¨i cÖhyw³ I wkí cÖe„w×i R‡b¨
cvK bex wn‡m‡e †cÖiY K‡iwQ‡jb|
Acwinvh© RbM‡Yi MYwk¶v| G MYwk¶v Gme †jvK‡`i mevB‡K
Z‡e Avwg GB f~wgKv‡K G MÖ‡š’i mvigg© wn‡m‡e Zz‡j ai‡Z
my¯úófv‡e †`wL‡q‡Q †h ag©‡K Zviv †hfv‡e Rv‡b, Zv m‡Z¨i
Pvw”Q bv| G MÖš’wU Zvi wbR¯^ ˆewk‡ó¨ I ¯^KxqZvq D¾¡j| mZ¨
mg_©bnxb gZev‡`i wfwˇZ cÖwZwôZ| cwiYwZ‡Z, GUv †Zgb
Dcjwäi e¨vcv‡i A-gymwjg‡`i mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z Ges AwaKvsk L„óv‡bi
Avðh©RbK bq †h GB wkí mg„× mgv‡Ri e„w×Rxex GwjUiv L„óvb
Bmjv‡gi cÖwZ Kzms¯‹viRwbZ fxwZ n«vm Kivi GKvš— B”Qvi Ask
Pv‡P©i GK‡PwUqv cy‡ivwnZZ‡š¿i KvQ †_‡K Zv‡`i bqv Avwe®‹…Z
wn‡m‡e †jLK G MÖš’wU iPbv K‡i‡Qb|
¯^vaxbZvi g‡a¨ GK Acwimxg gyw³i ¯^v` Luy‡R †c‡q cÖ_g Zv‡`i
Avgiv hviv gymjgvb, Zviv Rvwb †h G fq KZUv Ag~jK|
mg_©b cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i‡Q| A_P GB cy‡ivwnZZš¿B kZ kZ eQi a‡i
Avgiv Avgv‡`i Ávb †_‡K Rvwb, gnvb Avj­vn KZ ¶gvkxj, gvby‡li
wk¶v we¯—v‡ii KvRwU cvjb K‡i G‡m‡Q| hv †nvK, G ai‡bi †jvK‡`i
cÖwZ KZ AbyMÖnkxj, wZwb gvby‡li ¯úk©vZxZ mËv :
Kv‡Q ag©, Zv †m †h bv‡gB †nvK, ïay cy‡iv‡bv Kzms¯‹viB bq, Dciš‘ Zv
.ُ‫ﻟَﯿْــﺲَ ﻛَﻤﺜْﻠﮫ ﺷَﻰْءٌ وَھُﻮَ اﻟﺴﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﯿﻢُ اﻟﺒَﺼﯿﺮ‬
GK evav m„wóKvix kw³ Ges AwaKZi ˆeÁvwbK Ávb AR©‡bi †¶‡Î
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
GK cÖwZeÜK wn‡m‡e cwi`„ó n‡q‡Q| Rb¥MZfv‡e gymjgvb, hviv
wb‡R‡`i I Avj­vni g‡a¨ msN„ó n‡Z Abf¨¯—, Zviv GB g‡bvfve‡K
Dcjwä Ki‡Z cv‡iwb e‡jB g‡b nq| mZ¨ åó L„óvb‡`i Rb¨ ag©-
wek¦vm nviv‡bv nj gvby‡li ˆZwi `k©b †_‡K wePz¨Z nIqv| hv wKbv
AZx‡Z AvBb- k„•Ljv i¶vi GKwU cš’v wn‡m‡eB wKQyUv hv Kv‡R
†j‡M‡Q|
Bmjvg cvðv‡Z¨i Ava¨vwZ¥K k~b¨Zv c~iY Ki‡Z cvivi Av‡M
GBme m¤ú~Y© e¯‘ev`x gvbyl‡K Avj­vni cÖK…Z mËvi m¤úK© eySv‡Z n‡e
Ges Avj­vn m¤ú‡K© GB Ávb †h Zv‡`i cÖZ¨vL¨vZ cy‡ivwnZZš¿‡K
cybivq MÖnY Kivi Dci wbf©i K‡i bv ZvI eySv‡Z n‡e| Zv‡`i‡K
gymwjg‡`i e¨vcv‡i `„óvš— ¯’vc‡bi gva¨‡g GK bZzb aviYv cÖ`vb Ki‡Z
n‡e|
ga¨cÖv‡P¨i Bmjvwg †`k¸‡jv hw` cÖvq ivZvivwZ wecyj m¤ú`
AR©b Ki‡Z bv cviZ Zvn‡j Bmjvg m¤ú‡K© cvðv‡Z¨i AÁZv Av‡iv
`xN©¯’vqx n‡q we`¨gvb _vKZ| †hgb ejv hvq, ivwkqvmn mgMÖ BD‡ivc
Ges Av‡gwiKv nVvr K‡i ïay Zv‡`i Kv‡Q AcwiwPZ GKwU ag©
wek¦v‡miB gy‡LvgywL nqwb, eis Ggb GKwU ag© wek¦v‡mi m¤§yLxb n‡q‡Q
hvi wcQ‡b i‡q‡Q GKwU cY¨, †hUv‡K Zviv ¯^xK…wZ †`q| †mwU nj A_©,
wecyj cwigvY A_©| Zvi A_© kw³, †h kw³ w`‡q cÖvq me wKQy Rq Kiv
hvq|
GUv Avðh©RbK bq †h, GB kw³i e¨vcv‡i cÖK…ZB fq
i‡q‡Q| `xN©Kvj c~‡e© gymwjg wek¦B ˆeÁvwbK Áv‡bi GK‡PwUqv
AwaKvix wQj| cÖv‡P¨i weKv‡ki Dci wfwË K‡i M‡o D‡V‡Q cvðv‡Z¨i
weÁvb, GUv `xN©w`‡bi we¯—…Z BwZnvm| Avie †`k¸‡jv AwZ m¤úÖwZ
cÖK…Z RvZxqZv‡eva Luy‡R †c‡q‡Q| cvwK¯—vb GB K‡qK `kK Av‡MI
cwðgv wkíkw³i †kvlY- wbcxo‡bi wkKvi wQj| ZeyI wek¦e¨vcx
Bmjvg- Abymvix Rb‡Mvôx cvðv‡Z¨i P›`ª c„‡ô c`PviYv, †U÷-wUDe
wkï ˆZwii m¶gZv Ges gvby‡li eZ©gvb Avqy mxgv‡K wظY Kivi cÖvq-
AwR©Z mvdj¨ m‡Ë¡I †mB mgv‡Ri Dci cÖvavb¨ we¯—vi Kivi m¤¢vebv
cÖ`k©b Ki‡Q|
7 8 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
†ivgvi hvRKZ‡š¿i AaxbZv I kvmb †_‡K wb‡R‡`i †`k‡K
gy³ Ki‡Z Ges †emvgwiK miKvi I bvMwiK AvBb cÖwZôv Ki‡Z hviv
KwVb jovB K‡i‡Q, L„óvb †`k¸‡jv‡Z Rb¥MÖnYKvix †m me †jv‡Kiv
AvR Zv‡`i ¯^vaxbZv `ª“Z wejyß nIqvi m¤¢vebv †`L‡Z cv‡”Q|
gynv¤§` AvZv Di-inx‡gi GB MÖ‡š’i gZ Bmjvwg cwÊZ-
M‡elKiv gvby‡li cÖwZ mhZœ fv‡jvevmv wb‡q hZ¶Y bv cvðv‡Z¨i mv‡_
GKwU Nwbô †hvMv‡hv‡Mi cwi‡ek m„wó Ki‡e ZZw`b ïay fxwZi
AvenvIqv †_‡K we‡iv‡aiB m„wó n‡Z _vK‡e| gymwjg †`k¸‡jv
we‡klZ †hme †`‡ki wecyj Avw_©K kw³ i‡q‡Q, Zv‡`i DciB AvR
Awc©Z n‡q‡Q G‡¶‡Î cÖ‡qvRbxq D`vniY m„wói ¸i“ `vwqZ¡| Avkvi
K_v †h, cwðgv †`k¸‡jv Ges gymwjg †`k¸‡jv‡ZI wek¦we`¨vjq I
mvs¯‹…wZK †K›`ª¸‡jvi we¯—…wZ I msL¨v e„w× Bmjvwg M‡elYv I Aa¨q‡bi
†¶‡Î ¸i“Z¡c~Y© I MVbg~jK Ae`vb ivLvi my‡hvM m„wó Ki‡e Ges Gi
d‡j Bmjvg m¤ú‡K© cvðv‡Z¨i RbM‡Yi Ag~jK fxwZ ax‡i ax‡i wejyß
n‡e|
Avgiv, gymjgvbiv Avj­vni wb‡`©wkZ c_ AbymiY Kie| wKš‘
Zvi A_© GB bq †h Avgiv nvZ-cv ¸wU‡q wcQ‡b c‡o _vKe| Avgv‡`i
i‡q‡Q gnvbex gynv¤§` (m)-Gi †kÖôZg `„óvš— Ges Avgv‡`i w`K-
wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vbKvix cweÎ KziAv‡bi AcwieZ©bxq wb‡`©kbv I
Aby‡cÖiYv| Z‡e G wb‡`©kbvq my¯úófv‡e hv ejv n‡q‡Q Zv nj Avgiv
hw` BnKv‡j kvwš— I ciKv‡j Avj­vni m‡e©vËg AbyMÖn PvB, Zvn‡j
Avgv‡`i Aek¨B †mfv‡e KvR Ki‡Z n‡e †hgbwU gnvb iveŸyj
Avjvwgb Pvb|
Rgvw`Dm mvwb A¨vÛªy WMjm n¨vwgjUb
1399 wnRwi
GwcÖj, 1979 L„.
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 9 10
Abyev`‡Ki K_v
†Rmvm, G cÖ‡dU Ae Bmjvg MÖš’wU Avwg cÖ_g †`wL 1995 mv‡j BmjvwgK
dvD‡Ûkb jvB‡eªwi‡Z| Ab¨ Avi cuvPwU eB Dj‡U †`Lvi gZB †`‡LwQjvg G eBwU| GwU
†h KL‡bv Abyev` Kie fvwewb|
NUbvP‡µ Gi eQi †`qK ci eBwU Abyev‡`i KvR ïi“ Kijvg| Avi G Kv‡R whwb
Avgv‡K DrmvwnZ K‡i‡Qb, wZwb n‡”Q Avgvi GKvš— ïfvKv•¶x cig kÖ×vfvRb †jLK,
Abyev`K Rbve jyrdzj nK| wZwb ZLb BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûk‡bi Abyev` wefv‡Mi
cwiPvjK| wbqgvbyhvqx eBwU Abyev‡`i e¨vcv‡i Avgvi AvMÖn cÖKvk K‡i Abyev` wefvM‡K
wPwV w`jvg| Zviv Abyev‡`i bgybv Rgv w`‡Z ej‡jb| w`jvg| Zv Zuv‡`i cQ›` n‡jv|
Zvici cy‡iv eB Abyev` K‡i Rgv w`jvg| †m 1997 mv‡ji K_v|
GLv‡b ejv `iKvi, G Abyev` eB‡qi m~‡ÎB †`‡ki cÖL¨vZ Bmjvwg wPš—vwe`,
†jLK, M‡elK, wUwf e¨w³Z¡ ˆmq` Avkivd Avjx mv‡n‡ei mv‡_ Avgvi cwiPq NUvi
†mŠfvM¨ nq| wZwb 1995-1996 mv‡j ¯^í mg‡qi Rb¨ BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûk‡bi
gnvcwiPvjK wQ‡jb| Avwg Zv‡K wPb‡jI wZwb Avgv‡K wPb‡Zb bv| Abyev` wefvM Avgvi
Abyw`Z eBwU weµ‡q Rb¨ Zuvi Kv‡Q cvwV‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb ZLb Avi gnvcwiPvjK bb|
wKš‘ eB‡qi wKQy welq wb‡q cÖkœ m„wó nIqvq wZwb Abyev`‡Ki mv‡_ K_v ej‡Z
†P‡qwQ‡jb| GUv †R‡b GKw`b †dv‡b K_v e‡j mgq wVK K‡i Zuvi Kjv evMvb †jK
mvK©v‡mi evwo‡Z †Mjvg| Zuvi gZ GKRb cwÊZ †jvK Avgvi gZ mvgvb¨ Abyev`‡Ki
Abyev` cix¶v K‡i †`L‡Qb G Kvi‡Y †ek kw¼Z wQjvg| Z‡e mv¶v‡Zi ci Zuvi
AmvaviY †mŠ›`h©‡eva Avi Avš—wiK e¨env‡i †m k¼v †K‡U †Mj| wZwb eBwU †`‡L †kl
K‡iwQ‡jb| `yÕGKwU RvqMvq kã e¨envi wb‡q cÖkœ Zzj‡jb| Avwg e¨vL¨v w`jvg| wZwb
†g‡b wb‡jb| ej‡jb GwU †ek KwVb eB| Z‡e Avcbvi Abyev` h‡_ó fvj n‡q‡Q| Zuvi
K_vq mwZ¨ fvj jvMj Avgvi AvZ¥wek¦vm Av‡iv `„p nj| †`Ljvg cvÊywjwc‡Z wZwb A‡bK
ms‡kvab K‡i‡Qb| Avwg wewfbœ bvg I ¯’v‡bi Bs‡iwR evbvb D‡j­L Ki‡Z fy‡j
wM‡qwQjvg, wZwb Kó K‡i †m¸‡jv wj‡L w`‡q‡Qb| Gi cÖ‡qvRb wQj| Zuvi cÖwZ kÖ×vq
gv_v bZ n‡q Gj|
Gici eBwU m¤úv`bv Ki‡Z †`qv nq †cÖv‡dmi Ave`yj gvbœvb mv‡ne‡K| Zuvi mv‡_
Avgvi cwiPq †bB| wKš‘ eBwUi P~ovš— cÖ“d †`Lvi mgq cvÊywjwc‡Z †`Ljvg Zuvi my`¶
m¤úv`bvi cwiPq Qwo‡q Av‡Q| Avwg Dcjwä Kijvg †h GB cwÊZ gvbylwUi nv‡Z
m¤úvw`Z bv n‡j G eBwU‡Z A‡bK ΓwU †_‡K †hZ| Zuv‡K Avgvi A‡kl K…ZÁZv
RvbvB|
Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
Gevi G-eBwU cÖm‡½ wKQy K_v ewj| mwZ¨ K_v ej‡Z wK, bex Cmv Av. m¤ú‡K©
we‡k¦i †Kv_vI †Kvb Z_¨ †bB| Avgiv Zuvi m¤ú‡K© Lye †ewk wKQy Rvwb bv| A_P we‡k¦i
ag©xq BwZnv‡m wZwb GKRb ¸i“Z¡c~Y© bex| gnvb Avj­vn ZvAvjv gvbe mgvR‡K
wn`vqv‡Zi Rb¨ hy‡M hy‡M AmsL¨ bex I ivm~j †cÖiY K‡ib| Zuv‡`i g‡a¨ gvÎ PviR‡bi
Kv‡Q Avj­vn cvK Avmgvwb wKZve bvwRj K‡iwQ‡jb| Cmv Av. Zuv‡`iB GKRb| wKš‘
gvbe mgv‡Ri `yf©vM¨ †h mgKv‡ji GK‡kÖwYi gvbyl Zuvi m¤ú‡K© weåvwš— m„wó c~e©K Zuvi
cÖPvwiZ ag© wk¶v‡K weK…Z Ges Zuvi Dci ÔCk¦iZ¡Õ Av‡ivc K‡i, hvi g~‡j wKbv AmZ¨
Avi weåvwš— Qvov Avi wKQyB †bB| GgbwK Cmv Av. †h Bmjv‡giB GK bex G K_vwUI
L„óvb ag©vej¤^xiv ¯^xKvi K‡iwb, GLbI K‡i bv|
cvwK¯—v‡bi †jLK M‡elK gynv¤§` AvZv-Di-inxg G welqwU Mfxi Aa¨qb M‡elYvi
ci Ô†Rmvm, G cÖ‡dU Ae BmjvgÕ kxl©K Bs‡iwR MÖš’wU iPbv K‡ib| wZwb AmsL¨ MÖ‡š’i
mg_©‡b cÖgvY K‡i‡Qb †h ÔwÎZ¡ev`Õ hv cÖPvwiZ Zv m¤ú~Y© åvš—, Avi hxï Aek¨B Ck¦i
bb- wZwb GKRb gvbyl I Avj­vni †cÖwiZ wKZveavix bex Cmv Av.|
Rvbv g‡Z, L„óa‡g©i Z_vKw_Z wÎZ¡ev`‡K Amvi I åvš— cÖwZcbœ K‡i hyw³ I cÖgvY
mn‡hv‡M G iKg Avi †Kvb MÖš’ G ch©š— iwPZ nqwb|
Rbve AvZv-Di-inx‡gi MÖš’wU 1980 mv‡ji b‡f¤^‡i cvwK¯—v‡bi KivwP¯’ Av‡qkv
evIqvbx IqvKd †_‡K cÖ_g cÖKvwkZ nq| 1986 mvj ch©š— MÖš’wUi †gvU 3wU ms¯‹iY
cÖKv‡ki K_v Rvbv hvq|
G g~j¨evb MÖš’wUi evsjv Abyev` Kivi ZvIwdK Avj­vn Avgv‡K w`‡qwQ‡jb| G Rb¨
Zuvi Kv‡Q jv‡Lv ïKwiqv RvbvB| Avw_©K AbUb, e¨w³MZ mgm¨v mg‡qi GKvš— Afv‡ei
Kvi‡Y iv‡Zi ci ivZ †R‡M eûevi XvKv- Kzwóqv-XvKv hvIqv-Avmvi c‡_ Pjš— ev‡m,
†Uª‡b, †dix‡Z e‡m hLb †hLv‡b †c‡iwQ, †mLv‡b †m Ae¯’vq AgvbywlK cwikÖg K‡i G
eB‡qi Abyev‡`i KvR m¤úbœ K‡iwQjvg| GgbI n‡q‡Q †h GKwU RwUj k‡ãi A_© eyS‡Z
†MvUv ivZ cvi n‡q †M‡Q| A‡bK mgq A‡bK ¯’v‡b AvU‡K wM‡q wZb mvsevw`K mnKg©x,
kÖ‡×q †gvnv¤§` byi“j †nv‡mb mv‡ne, Gm.Gg. nvwdRyi ingvb I GKivgyj­vwnj KvwKi
mvnvh¨ †P‡qwQ| G mKj gvby‡liv wecyj J`v‡h© Avgv‡K mn‡hvwMZv K‡i‡Qb| Zuv‡`i
Kv‡Q Avgvi K…ZÁZv RvbvB|
myax cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q hw` mgv`„Z nq, G MÖš’ Abyev`‡Ki D‡Ïk¨ I cwikÖg mdj
n‡e|
†nv‡mb gvngy`
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 11 12 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
cÖ_g Aa¨vq
m~wPcÎ
cÖ_g Aa¨vq : GKZ¡ev`x gZev` I L„óag©
G‡Kk¦iev`x gZ I L„óag© 11 HwZnvwmK M‡elYv †_‡K cÖZxqgvb nq †h we‡k¦i me©Î Avw`g
wØZxq Aa¨vq : †jvK‡`i cÖvYx I g~wZ©c~Rvi NUbv mKj †¶‡ÎB wQj g~j GKZ¡ev`x
Cmv Av.- Gi HwZnvwmK weeiY 21 wek¦vm †_‡K GK cðv`cmviY Ges Bqvû`x, L„óvb I Bmjvg a‡g©i
Z…Zxq Aa¨vq : GKZ¡ev` eû Ck¦iev` †_‡K D™¢‚Z nIqvi cwie‡Z© Zvi we‡ivax
evb©vev‡mi Mm‡cj 51 wn‡m‡eB cÖwZôv jvf K‡i| †h †Kvb a‡g©B Zvi weï× iƒcwU cwi`„ó
PZz_© Aa¨vq : nq Zvi cÖ_gve¯’vq Ges cieZ©x‡Z ïay Zvi AebwZB †Pv‡L c‡o|
nvigv‡mi w` †kdvW© 59 Avi G `„wófw½ †_‡KB L„óa‡g©i BwZnvm‡K †`L‡Z n‡e| GKZ¡ev‡`
cÂg Aa¨vq : wek¦vm wb‡q G a‡g©i ïi“ n‡qwQj, Zvici Zv weK…wZi wkKvi n‡q
evb©vevm I Avw` L„óvbMY 65 c‡o Ges wÎ-Ck¦iev` ev wÎZ¡ev` M„nxZ nq| Gi cwiYwZ‡Z m„wó nq
lô Aa¨vq : weåvwš— I mskq hv gvbyl‡K AwaK †_‡K AwaKZi gvÎvq g~j Ae¯’v
L„óa‡g©i Avw` GKZ¡ev`xMY 95 †_‡K `~‡i †V‡j †`q|
mßg Aa¨vq : Cmv Av.- Gi Aš—a©v‡bi ci cÖ_g kZvãx‡Z Zuvi Abymvixiv
L„óa‡g©i cieZ©x GKZ¡ev`xMY 144 GKZ¡ev‡`i cÖwZ mg_©b Ae¨vnZ iv‡L| Gi mZ¨Zv †g‡j 90 m‡bi
Aóg Aa¨vq : w`‡K iwPZ Ôw` †kdvW© Ad nvigvmÕ (The Shepherd of
GKv‡j L„óag© 257 Hermas) bvgK MÖš’wU‡K ag©xq cweÎ MÖš’ wn‡m‡e gh©v`v cÖ`v‡bi
beg Aa¨vq : NUbvq| G MÖ‡š’i 12wU Hkx wb‡`©‡ki cÖ_gwU ïi“ n‡q‡Q Gfv‡e :
KziAv‡b Cmv Av. 272 me©cÖ_g wek¦vm Ki‡Z n‡e †h Avj­vn (God) GK Ges wZwb
`kg Aa¨vq : me wKQy m„wó K‡i‡Qb I †m¸‡jv‡K msMwVZ K‡i‡Qb| Zvi
nvw`m I gymwjg BwZnvm MÖ‡š’ Cmv Av. 289 B”Qvi evB‡i †Kvb wKQyi Aw¯—Z¡ †bB Ges wZwb mewKQy aviY
Aa¨vq UxKv 294 K‡ib, wKš‘ wZwb wb‡R A-aviY‡hvM¨......|1
MÖš’cÄx 300 w_I‡Wvi hvqb (Theodor Zahn)- Gi g‡Z 250 mb Aewa
L„óa‡g© wek¦v‡mi fvlv wQj G iKg : ÒAvwg me©kw³gvb Avj­v‡n wek¦vm
Kwi|Ó2 180 †_‡K 210 m‡bi g‡a¨ Ôme©kw³gvbÕ -Gi c~‡e© ÔwcZvÕ
kãwU hy³ nq| †ek wKQy msL¨K PvP©-†bZv Gi Zxeª we‡ivwaZv K‡ib|
G c`‡¶‡ci wb›`vKx‡`i g‡a¨ wekc wf±i (Bishop Victor) I
wekc †Rwdwmqv‡mi (Bishop Zephysius) bvgI i‡q‡Q| KviY,
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 13
Zviv evB‡e‡j †Kvb kã ms‡hvRb ev we‡qvRb‡K AwPš—bxq AcweÎZv
e‡j MY¨ Ki‡Zb| Zuviv hxï‡K Ck¦‡ii (God) gh©v`v cÖ`v‡bi
cÖeYZviI we‡ivax wQ‡jb| Zuviv hxïi g~j wk¶vbyhvqx GKZ¡ev‡`i
cÖwZ AZ¨š— †Rvi †`b Ges e‡jb †h hw`I wZwb GKRb bex wQ‡jb,
wZwb Aek¨B Ab¨ `kRb gvby‡li gZB GKRb gvbyl wQ‡jb, hw`I
wZwb wQ‡jb Zuvi cÖfyi AZ¨š— AbyMÖn ab¨| DËi Avwd«Kv I cwðg
Gwkqvq M‡o DVv eû PvP© GB wek¦v‡mi aviK wQj|
Cmv Av. Gi wk¶v µgk we¯—vi jv‡fi cvkvcvwk Zv GKw`‡K
†hgb Ab¨vb¨ ms¯‹…wZi ms¯ú‡k© Av‡m Ab¨w`‡K ¶gZvmxb‡`i mv‡_
Zvi we‡iva ïi“ nq| G mgq L„óag© Gme ms¯‹…wZ¸‡jv KZ©…K A½xf~Z
I M„nxZ n‡Z ïi“ K‡i Ges Gi d‡j kvmK‡`i wbh©vZb- wbcxobI
n«vm cvq| we‡kl K‡i MÖx‡m cÖ_gev‡ii gZ GKwU bqv fvlvq e¨³
nIqv Ges G ms¯‹…wZi aviYv I `k©‡bi mv‡_ A½xf~Z nIqv- G Dfq
cš’vq L„óa‡g©i iƒcvš—i N‡U| MÖxK‡`i eû-Ck¦‡ii `„wófw½i mv‡_
we‡kl K‡i Uvimv‡mi c‡ji (Paul of Tarsus) gZ wKQy e¨w³i
Cmv Av. †K bex †_‡K Ck¦‡i DbœxZ Kivi ch©vq µwgK cÖqvm wÎZ¡ev`
(Trinity) m„wói †¶‡Î weivU f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|
325 m‡b wÎZ¡ev`‡K †Muvov (Orthodox) L„óvb‡`i ag© wek¦vm
e‡j †NvlYv Kiv nq| wKš‘ G †NvlYvq ¯^v¶i `vbKvix‡`i g‡a¨ wKQy
†jvK G‡Z wek¦vm ¯’vcb K‡ibwb| KviY Zuviv evB‡e‡j Gi †Kvb
wfwË †`L‡Z cvbwb| GB †NvlYvi RbK e‡j hv‡K we‡ePbv Kiv nq
†mB G_vbvwmqvmI (Athanasius) wb‡R Gi mZ¨Zv m¤ú‡K© ZZUv
wbwðZ wQ‡jb bv| wZwb ¯^xKvi K‡ib †h, ÒhLbB wZwb Zvi
Dcjwä†K hxïi Ck¦i‡Z¡i e¨vcv‡i †Rvi K‡i wbe× Kivi †Póv
K‡i‡Qb, ZLb Zv KóKi I e¨_© †Póvq ch©ewmZ n‡q‡Q|Ó AwaKš‘
wZwb wj‡L †M‡Qb wPš—v cÖKv‡k Zuvi A¶gZvi K_v| GgbwK GK
ch©v‡q wZwb wj‡L †M‡Qb, ÒwZbRb bq, Ck¦i GKRbB|Ó wÎZ¡ev‡`
14 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
Zvi wek¦v‡mi wcQ‡b †Kvb `„p wfwË wQj bv, eis Zv wQj †KŠkj I
AvcvZ cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi Kvi‡Y|
ivR‰bwZK myweav I `k©‡bi fyj hyw³i wfwˇZ cÖ`Ë G
HwZnvwmK wm×v‡š—i Ab¨Zg D‡`¨v³v wQ‡jb †iv‡gi †cŠËwjK mgªvU
KbóvbUvBb (Constantine) whwb KvDwÝj Ae wbwmqvi (Council
of Nicea) mfvcwZZ¡ K‡iwQ‡jb| µgea©gvb L„óvb m¤úÖ`vq wQj
GKwU kw³ hv‡`i we‡ivwaZv Zvi Kvg¨ wQj bv| Zviv Zuvi mvgªvR¨
`ye©j K‡i w`‡qwQj| mvgªvR¨‡K kw³kvjx Ki‡Z Zv‡`i mg_©b Zvi
Kv‡Q wQj AZ¨š— g~j¨evb| ZvB, L„óvb ag©‡K bZzb iƒc w`‡q wZwb
Pv‡P©i mg_©b cvIqvi Avkv K‡iwQ‡jb Ges GKB mv‡_ wZwb L„óag© I
Pv‡P©i g‡a¨ m„ó weåvwš—i Aemvb NUv‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb †h‡nZz GUv wQj
Zvi mgªv‡R¨i g‡a¨ m„ó we‡iv‡ai Ab¨Zg KviY|
†h cÖwµqvi gva¨‡g wZwb AvswkKfv‡e Zuvi j¶¨ nvwmj Ki‡Z
mg_© n‡qwQ‡jb Zv Ab¨ GKwU NUbvi `„óvš— †_‡K my¯úó n‡Z cv‡i|
G NUbvwU N‡UwQj wØZxq gnvhy‡×i (1939-45) mgq|
GKevi gymjgvb‡`i C` Drm‡ei KvQvKvwQ mg‡q wm½vcy‡i
AbywôZe¨ C‡`i bvgvR wel‡q †UvwKI †_‡K †Rvi cÖPviYv Pvjv‡bv
ïi“ nq| wm½vcyi ZLb Rvcvwb‡`i `L‡j| GUv n‡e GK HwZnvwmK
NUbv- †NvlYv Kij †UvwKI| ejj Gi cÖfve mviv gymwjg we‡k¦
Abyf~Z n‡e| C‡`i bvgvR wb‡q Rvcvwb‡`i G nVvr gvZvgvwZ
K‡qKw`b c‡iB AvKw¯§Kfv‡e eÜ n‡q hvq| wKQyw`b ci GKwU
LÊhy‡× GKRb Rvcvwb ˆmb¨ e›`x nq| Zv‡K wRÁvmvev` Ki‡ZB
D‡b¥vwPZ nq me inm¨| Rvcvwb ˆmb¨wU Rvbvq †h, Rvcvb miKv‡ii
cÖavb †Rbv‡ij †Zv‡Rv AvaywbK Kv‡ji GKRb †kÖô gymwjg
ms¯‹vi‡Ki f~wgKvq AeZxY© nIqvi cwiKíbv K‡iwQ‡jb| AvaywbK
Kv‡ji Pvwn`vi mv‡_ Bmjv‡gi wk¶vi mgš^q mva‡bi GKwU Kg©m~Px
wQj Zvi| Zvi g‡Z, G Kg©m~Px‡Z gymjgvb‡`i bvgv‡Ri mgq g°vi
cwie‡Z© †UvwKIi w`‡K gyL †div‡bv ïi“ Kivi cwiKíbv wQj hv wKbv
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 15
†Zv‡Rvi †bZ…‡Z¡ Bmjv‡gi fwel¨r †K›`ª n‡Zv| ˆmwbKwU Rvbvq,
gymjgvbiv Bmjv‡gi GB cÖvP¨-Kvi‡Yi AwfmwÜ cÖZ¨vL¨vb Kivq cy‡iv
cwiKíbvwUB evwZj n‡q hvq| hv †nvK, G NUbvi ci †m eQi
wm½vcy‡i C‡`i bvgvR covi AbygwZ †`qv nqwb| †Zv‡Rv Bmjv‡gi
¸i“Z¡ Dcjwä K‡iwQ‡jb Ges wZwb mvgªvR¨ev`x cwiKíbv nvwm‡ji
cš’v wnmv‡e Bmjvg‡K e¨envi Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| wKš‘ wZwb G‡Z
mdj nbwb| Kbóv›UvBb mdj n‡qwQ‡jb, e¨_© n‡qwQ‡jb †Zv‡Rv|
†Ri“Rv‡j‡gi e`‡j †ivg cj-Abymvix L„óvb‡`i †K‡›`ª cwiYZ
n‡qwQj|
Cmv Av. Gi Avmj wk¶vi GB weK…wZi Awbevh© dj n‡qwQj
wÎZ¡ev`‡K MÖnY, wKš‘ Zv KL‡bvB webv cÖwZev‡` nqwb| 325 m‡b
hLb miKvix fv‡e eû Ck¦iev`‡K ÔA‡_©vW·Õ L„óvb‡`i ag© ixwZ
wnmv‡e †NvlYv Kiv nq ZLb DËi Avwd«Kvi L„óvb‡`i GK †bZv
Avwiqvm (Arius) mgªvU KbóvbUvBb I K¨v_wjK Pv‡P©i mw¤§wjZ
kw³i wei“‡× `Êvqgvb nb| wZwb ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`b †h, Cmv Av.
me©`vB mªóvi GK‡Z¡i K_v e¨³ K‡i‡Qb| KbóvbUvBb Zvi me©kw³
I ee©iZv w`‡q GKZ¡ev‡`i Abymvix‡`i wbg©~j Kivi †Póv Pvjvb| wKš‘
wZwb e¨_© nb| cwinv‡mi welq †h, KbóvbUvBb wb‡R GKRb
GKZ¡ev‡` wek¦vmx wn‡m‡e g„Zz¨eiY Ki‡jI wÎZ¡ev` †kl ch©š—
BD‡iv‡c L„óxq gZev‡`i wfwË wn‡m‡e mi Kvix fv‡e M„nxZ nq| GB
gZ gvby‡li g‡a¨ e¨vcK weåvwš—i KviY n‡q `uvovq, KviY Zv‡`i
A‡bK‡KB ejv n‡qwQj †h †evSvi †Kvb †Póv bv K‡iB G‡Z wek¦vm
Ki‡Z n‡e| wKš‘ gvbyl Zvi ¯^fve Abyhvqx eyw×i mvnv‡h¨ bqv
ag©gZ‡K wePvi I e¨vL¨vi †Póv K‡i hv eÜ Kiv m¤¢e wQj bv|
mvaviY fv‡e ej‡Z †M‡j, G mgq wZbwU wPš—vavivi Rb¥ nq|
cÖ_gwUi cÖe³v wQ‡jb †m›U AvMvóvBb (St. Augustine) wZwb
PZz_© kZvãxi †jvK wQ‡jb| Zuvi AwfgZ wQj †h, ag©g‡Zi mZ¨Zv
cÖgvY Kiv hvq bv| wKš‘ Zvi e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq| wØZxq wPš—vavivi
16 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
cÖe³v wQ‡jb †m›U wfKUi (St. Victor) | wZwb wQ‡jb Øv`k
kZvãxi †jvK| wZwb wek¦vm Ki‡Zb †h, ag©‡K my¯úó fv‡e cÖgvwYZ
I wek`fv‡e e¨³- DfqB Kiv hvq| Z…Zxq avivwUi Rb¥ nq PZz`©k
kZvãx‡Z| Giv ej‡Zb, wÎZ¡ev‡`i e¨vL¨v ev mZ¨Zv cÖgv‡Yi AeKvk
†bB, eis Zv AÜfv‡e MÖnY I wek¦vm Ki‡Z n‡e|
hw`I †k‡lv³ G gZev‡`i Zxeª we‡ivwaZv cwinv‡ii j‡¶ hxïi
wk¶v`vb msewjZ MÖš’mg~n m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c aŸsm, jywK‡q †djv bZzev
cwieZ©b Kiv nq| ZviciI †h MÖš’¸‡jv wU‡K wQj †m¸‡jv‡Z h‡_ó
mZ¨ Aewkó wQj| ZvB wÎZ¡ev‡` wek¦vm wUwK‡q ivLvi j‡¶¨ ag©MÖ‡š’i
fv‡l¨i †P‡q Pv‡P©i †bZv‡`i fv‡l¨i Dci AwaKZi ¸i“Z¡ Av‡ivc
Kiv nq| †NvlYv Kiv nq †h, ÒeªvBW Ae †RmvmÓ (Bride of
Jesus) ev Pv‡P©i R‡b¨ cÖ`Ë we‡kl cÖZ¨v‡`kB nj G gZev‡`i
wfwË| GLv‡b D‡j­L Kiv hvq †h, †cvc GKwU c‡Î d«v dzj‡RbwkI‡K
(Fra Fulgention) fr©mbv K‡i wj‡LwQ‡jb †h, Òag©MÖš’mg~‡ni
cÖPvi GKwU m‡›`nRbK welq| †h e¨w³ ag©MÖš’mg~‡ni mv‡_ NwbôZv
eRvq ivL‡e †m e¨w³ K¨v_wjK ag©‡K aŸsm Ki‡e|Ó cieZ©x c‡Î
wZwb ag©MÖš’mg~‡ni Dci AZ¨waK ¸i“Z¡ Av‡iv‡ci wei“‡× ûuwkqvwi
D”PviY K‡i wj‡L‡Qb- ... G ¸‡jv GgbB MÖš’ †h †KD hw` Zv
AvuK‡o a‡i Z‡e †m K¨v_wjK PvP©‡K m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c aŸsm Ki‡e|Ó 3
Cmv Av.- Gi wk¶v‡K Kvh©Kifv‡e cwiZ¨v‡Mi Rb¨ Zvi
HwZnvwmK ev¯—eZv m¤ú‡K© m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c A¯úóZv wecyjfv‡e `vqx| PvP©
ag©‡K ïay ag©MÖš’ †_‡KB wew”Qbœ K‡iwb, Cmv Av.†K KwíZ GK hxïi
mv‡_ Zvj‡Mvj cvwK‡q †d‡j| Avm‡j Cmv Av.- Gi Dci wek¦v‡mi
A_© GB bq †h cybi“¾xweZ L„‡ó wek¦vm Ki‡Z n‡e| †hLv‡b Cmv Av.
Gi cÖZ¨¶ Abymvixiv Zuvi Av`‡k©i wfwˇZ Zv‡`i Rxeb M‡o
Zz‡jwQ‡jb, †mLv‡b cj Abymvix L„óvb‡`i Av`k© wQj hxïi Kw_Z
µzkwe× nIqvi cieZ©x Rxeb| †mB Kvi‡Y Cmv Av. Gi Rxeb I
wk¶v Zv‡`i Kv‡Q Avi ¸i“Z¡c~Y© wQj bv|
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 17
Cmv Av. Gi wk¶v †_‡K PvP© hZ †ewk `~‡i †h‡Z _v‡K, Pv‡P©i
†bZviv ZZ †ewk RvMwZK ¯^v_© msµvš— wel‡q Rwo‡q co‡Z _v‡K|
Cmv Av. Gi wk¶v Ges PvP© KZ©…c‡¶i cÖZ¨vkvi g‡a¨ e¨eavb A¯úó
n‡q Avm‡Z _v‡K I GKwUi g‡a¨ AciwU wg‡k †h‡Z ïi“ K‡i| PvP©
ivóª †_‡K hZB wb‡Ri cv_©‡K¨i Dci †Rvi w`‡Z _v‡K, ZZB µgk
AwaKZi fv‡e iv‡óªi mv‡_ Rwo‡q hvq Ges GKwU kw³ wn‡m‡e
Avwef©~Z nq| cÖ_gw`‡K PvP© ivRKxq kw³i Aax‡b wQj| wKš‘ hLb
Zv m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c Av‡cvl K‡i †d‡j ZLb cwiw¯’wZ Dj‡U hvq| Cmv Av.
Gi wk¶v I GB c_åóZvi g‡a¨ we‡ivwaZv memgqB wQj| PvP© hZB
AwaK gvÎvq ¶gZvkvjx n‡q I‡V ZZB wÎZ¡ev‡` A¯^xK…wZ
ÁvcbKvix‡`i R‡b¨ cwiw¯’wZ wec¾bK n‡q `uvovq| GgbwK G Rb¨
g„Zz¨`Ê ch©š— †`Iqv ki“ nq| hw`I jy_vi †ivgvi PvP© cwiZ¨vM
K‡ib, Zvi we‡`ªvn wQj ïay †cv‡ci KZ©…‡Z¡i wei“‡×, †ivgvb K¨v_wjK
Pv‡P©i †gŠwjK ag©g‡Zi wei“‡× bq| Gi dj nj GB †h, wZwb GKwU
bZzb PvP© cÖwZôv Ki‡jb Ges Zvi cÖavb n‡jb| L„ó ag©g‡Zi mKj
†gŠwjK welqB Zv‡Z M„nxZ I envj iBj| Gi d‡j †ek wKQy msL¨K
ms¯‹viK…Z PvP© I †Mvôxi cÖwZôv N‡U, wKš‘ ms¯‹vi c~e©eZx L„óag©
c~e©ve¯’vqB i‡q hvq| cjxq Pv‡P©i G `ywU cÖavb kvLv GLb ch©š— wU‡K
i‡q‡Q|
DËi Avwd«Kv I cwðg Gwkqvi msL¨vMwiô RbMY Avwiqv‡mi
wk¶v MÖnY K‡iwQj| c‡i †mLv‡b Bmjv‡gi AvMgb NU‡j Zviv mv‡_
mv‡_ Bmjvg MÖnY K‡i| KviY Zviv GKZ¡ev`x gZev‡`i Ges Cmv
Av. Gi cÖK…Z wk¶vi Abymvix wQj| ZvB Zviv Bmjvg‡K mZ¨ ag©
wn‡m‡e ¯^xKvi K‡i †bq|
BD‡iv‡c L„óvb m¤úÖ`v‡qi g‡a¨ GKZ¡ev‡`i m~ZvwU KL‡bv wQbœ
nqwb| Kvh©Z G Av‡›`vjb kw³kvjx n‡q I‡V Ges AZxZ I eZ©gv‡b
¯’vwcZ Pv‡P©i Ae¨vnZ wbg©g wbh©vZb m‡Ë¡I Zvi Aemvb nqwb|
18 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
AvR‡Ki w`‡b µgkB †ewk msL¨K †jvK G e¨vcv‡i m‡PZb n‡q
D‡V‡Q †h Cmv Av. Gi g~j wk¶vi mv‡_ eZ©gvb L„óvb a‡g©i Ôin‡m¨Õ
wek¦vm ¯’vc‡bi AeKvk †bB ej‡jB P‡j| eis cÖgvwYZ mZ¨ GB †h,
BwZnv‡mi Cmv Av. Gi m‡½ Pv‡P©i L„‡ói †Kvb m¤úK© †bB| Pv‡P©i
hxï L„óvb‡`i m‡Z¨i c‡_ †Kvb mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| L„óvb‡`i
GB eZ©gvb Dfq msKU G kZ‡Ki PvP© HwZnvwmK‡`i †jLvq
cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| GWjd nvibvK (Adlof Harnac) †h †gŠwjK
Amyweavi K_v D‡j­L K‡i‡Qb Zv GB †h, ÒPZz_© kZK bvMv` Mm‡cj
MÖxK `k©‡bi gy‡Lv‡k Ave„Z nq| GB gy‡Lvk Ly‡j †djv Ges gy‡Lv‡ki
bx‡P L„óa‡g©i cÖK…Z m‡Z¨i mv‡_ Zvi cv_©K¨ cÖKv‡ki `vwqZ¡ wQj
HwZnvwmK‡`i|Ó Z‡e nvibvK GB `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi Amyweavi K_v
D‡j­L K‡i‡Qb Gfv‡e †h `xN©Kvj a‡i †Ru‡K emv ag©g‡Zi gy‡Lvk
D‡b¥vPb a‡g©i iƒc‡KB cv‡ë w`‡Z cviZ :
G gy‡Lvk Zvi wbR¯^ Rxebx kw³ AR©b K‡iwQj| wÎZ¡ev`, L„‡ói ˆØZ
mËv, Aåvš—Zv, Ges G me gZev‡`i mg_©bm~PK cÖ¯—vevw` wQj
HwZnvwmK wm×vš— I cwiw¯’wZi m„wó hv m¤ú~Y© wfbœiƒ‡c cwiewZ©Z n‡q
wM‡qwQj Zv m‡Ë¡I Av‡Mi ev c‡ii GB m„ó cwiewZ©Z kw³, GB
gZev`, cÖv_wgK Ae¯’vi gZB eRvq wQj, G eyw×evw`Zv wQj GK
e`f¨vm hv wZwb hLb Bqvû`x‡`i KvQ †_‡K cvwj‡q Av‡mb †m mgq
L„óvbiv MÖxK‡`i KvQ †_‡K jvf K‡iwQj|
nvibvK Zvi Ab¨ GKwU MÖ‡š’ G welqwU wek` Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb|
†mLv‡b wZwb ¯^xKvi K‡ib :
...4_ Mm‡cj (Gospel) ag© cÖPviK Rb †_‡K D™¢‚Z bq ev
D™¢‚Z nIqvi K_v e‡j bv| KviY ag© cÖPviK Rb HwZnvwmK m~Î
wn‡m‡e MY¨ n‡Z cv‡ib bv.... PZz_© Mm‡c‡ji †jLK m¤ú~Y©
¯^vaxbfv‡e KvR K‡i‡Qb, NUbvejxi cwieZ©b NwU‡q‡Qb Ges
†m¸‡jv‡K A‡Pbv Av‡jvq Av‡jvwKZ K‡i‡Qb| wZwb wb‡RB Av‡jvPbv
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 19
cwimgvwß NwU‡q‡Qb Ges KvíwbK cwiw¯’wZ‡Z gnr wPš—v¸‡jv mwbœ‡ek
K‡i‡Qb|
nvibvK cybivq weL¨vZ L„óvb HwZnvwmK †WwfW óªm (David
Strauss) Gi MÖ‡š’i K_v D‡j­L K‡i‡Qb| ÷ªm‡K wZwb ïay PZz_© bq,
cÖ_g wZbwU Mm‡c‡ji HwZnvwmK mybvg I wek¦vm‡hvM¨Zv aŸs‡mi
R‡b¨I `vqx K‡i‡Qb| 5
Ab¨ HwZnvwmK †Rvnv‡bm †jngv‡bi (Johannes Lehmann)
g‡Z 4wU M„nxZ Mm‡c‡ji †jLKiv wfbœ GK hxïi eY©bv K‡i‡Qb whwb
HwZnvwmK ev¯—eZvi Øviv cwiwPZ Cmv Av. bb| Gi cwiYwZ ev
djvdj whwb D‡j­L K‡i‡Qb †mB †nBÄ RvnibU (Heinz Zahrnt)-
†K DØ„Z K‡i †jngvb e‡jb :
HwZnvwmK M‡elYv hw` cÖgvY Ki‡Z cv‡i †h BwZnv‡mi Cmv Av. I
cÖPvwiZ hxïi g‡a¨ gxgvsmvi A‡hvM¨ ci¯úi we‡ivwaZv i‡q‡Q Ges
hxï‡Z wek¦vm ¯’vc‡bi gZ mg_©b ¯^qs Cmv Av. Gi g‡a¨B †bB,
Zvn‡j †mUv ZvwË¡Kfv‡e ïay gvivZ¥K fyjB n‡e bv, eis Gb. G.
Rvnj (N.A. Jahl) †hgbwU e‡jb, Zvi A_© `uvov‡e L„óxq ag©-
`k©‡bi Aemvb| ZeyI Avgvi wek¦vm, Avgiv ag©ZË¡we`iv G †_‡K
wb®‹…wZi c_ †ei Ki‡Z cvie, †Kvb mgqB Avgiv hv cvwiwb; Z‡e
Avgiv nq GLb wg_¨vPvi KiwQ, bq ZLb Kie| 6
Dc‡iv³ ¶z`ª K‡qKwU DׄwZ †_‡K GKw`‡K AvR‡Ki L„óa‡g©i Dfq
msKU †hgb cÖKvwkZ nq Ab¨w`‡K Rvnib&U&- Gi e³e¨I A‡bK †ewk
¸i“Zi wKQyi Avfvm †`q| †mUv GB †h, Cmv Av. Gi wk¶v, Pv‡P©i
f~wgKv I Zuvi Abymvix‡`i welq¸‡jv Nwbôfv‡e ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j
†`Lv hvq Zuvi wk¶vi Avmj D‡Ïk¨ D‡cw¶Z A_ev wejyß n‡q‡Q|
Gi D`vniY wn‡m‡e w_I‡Wvi hvqb Pv‡P©i ga¨Kvi wZ³ we‡iv‡ai
D‡j­L K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡jb †h, †ivgvb K¨v_wjK PvP© MÖxK A‡_©vW·
PvP©‡K fvj I g›` D‡Ïk¨ ms‡hvRb I we‡qvR‡bi gva¨‡g cweÎ MÖš’
cybwe©b¨v‡mi R‡b¨ Awfhy³ K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K MÖxK‡`i cvjUv Awf‡hvM
20 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
i‡q‡Q †h, wewfbœ ¯’v‡bi K¨v_wjKiv wb‡RivB g~j evB‡ej †_‡K `~‡i
m‡i †M‡Q| Z‡e Zv‡`i GB we‡f` m‡Ë¡I Zviv Df‡q wg‡j †h me
L„óvb wMR©vi Abymvix bq Zv‡`i mZ¨c_ †_‡K wePz¨Z e‡j AwfwnZ
Ges Zv‡`i Ck¦i‡`ªvnx e‡j wb›`v K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K Ck¦i‡`ªvnx e‡j
AvL¨vwqZ L„óvbiv cvëv Rev‡e K¨v_wjK‡`i m‡Z¨i RvwjqvwZ Kivi
Rb¨ Awfhy³ K‡i| hvqb e‡jb, cÖK…Z NUbv †_‡K Gme Awf‡hv‡Mi
mZ¨Zv wK cÖgvwYZ nq bv?7
Cmv Av. ¯^qs m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c we¯§„Z| hviv Cmv Av. Gi e¨vcv‡i
m‡PZb Ges me©vš—tKi‡Y Zuvi g~j Av`‡k© cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡i Rxeb
AwZevwnZ Ki‡Z Pvq, Zviv Zv Ki‡Z evavMÖ¯— n‡”Q| KviY Cmv Av.
Gi cÖK…Z wk¶v I Av`k© AvR m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c Aš—wn©Z n‡q‡Q Ges Zvi
cybi“×viI m¤¢e bq|
Givmgvm (Erasmus) Gi e³e¨ n‡jv :
Hkx welq mg~‡n cÖvPxb‡`i Ávb wQj mvgvb¨B| ag© Av‡M evwn¨K
AvPiY bq, Aš—‡ii welq wQj| ag© hLb Aš—‡ii e`‡j wjwLZ iƒ‡c
Gj, ZLb Zv cÖvq me©vs‡k hZ gvbyl ZZ ag©g‡Zi iƒc MÖnY Kij|
L„‡ói ag©gZ, hv cÖ_‡g †Kvb cÖ‡f` RvbZ bv, Zv `k©‡bi mvnvh¨-
wbf©i n‡q coj| Pv‡P©i cZ‡bi GUvB wQj cÖ_g ch©vq|
Gfv‡e PvP© eva¨ nj K_vq wK cÖKvk Kiv hv‡e bv Zv e¨vL¨v
Ki‡Z| Dfq c¶B mgªv‡Ui mg_©b Av`vq Ki‡Z †KŠkj MÖnY K‡i|
Givmgvm e‡jb:
G e¨vcv‡i mgªv‡Ui KZ©…‡Z¡i cÖ‡qvM a‡g©i cÖK…Z †Kvb mvnv‡h¨
Av‡mwb...... hLb ag© Aš—‡ii Dcjwä bv n‡q gy‡Li eywj‡Z cwiYZ
n‡q‡Q, ZLb cweÎ evB‡e‡ji cÖK…Z wk¶v wejyß n‡q‡Q| ZviciI
Avgiv gvbyl‡K Zviv hv wek¦vm K‡i bv Zv wek¦vm Kivi Rb¨, Zviv hv
fvj ev‡m bv Zv Zv‡K fvj evmvi Rb¨, Zviv hv Rv‡b bv Zv Rvbvi
Rb¨ Zv‡`i eva¨ KiwQ| hv‡Z ej cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq Zv Avš—wiK n‡Z
cv‡i bv| 8
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 21
Givmgvm e‡jb, Cmv Av. Gi cÖZ¨¶ Abymvixiv GKZ¡ev`‡K
¯^xKvi K‡iwQ‡jb hv KL‡bvB Zv‡`i e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z nqwb| wKš‘ hLb
Cmv Av. Gi wk¶v Qwo‡q coj Ges Pv‡P©i g‡a¨ we‡iva †`Lv w`j,
ZLb Ávbx e¨w³iv Zv‡`i ZË¡Ávb e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z eva¨ nb| Gi ci
Zviv hxïi wk¶v mvgwMÖK fv‡e nvwi‡q †d‡jb, Zvi mv‡_ mv‡_
GKZ¡ev`I nvwi‡q hvq| Zv‡`i GKgvÎ AvkÖq wQj wKQy kã I MÖxK
`k©‡bi cwifvlv hvi `„wó wQj GKZ¡ev` bq, wÎZ¡ev‡`i cÖwZ| Gfv‡e
ev¯—eZvi cÖwZ mnR I weï× Av¯’v Ggb GKwU fvlvq ¯’vwcZ nj hv
Cmv Av. Gi Kv‡Q wQj AcwiwPZ Ges Zv Cmv Av. I cweÎ AvZ¥v‡K
D‡c¶v K‡i Rb¥ †`q wÎZ¡ev‡`i| GKZ¡ev‡` wek¦vm nviv‡bvi Awbevh©
cwiYwZ wn‡m‡e gvby‡li g‡a¨ †`Lv w`j weåvwš— I we‡f`|
hviv Rvb‡Z Pvb †h hxï †K wQ‡jb Ges Avm‡j wZwb Kx wk¶v
`vb K‡iwQ‡jb Zv Rvbvi R‡b¨ G DcjwäwU †h †Kvb e¨w³i R‡b¨B
AZ¨vek¨K| †m mv‡_ G K_vI Rvbv cÖ‡qvRb †h, gvbyl wÎZ¡ev‡`B
wek¦vm Ki“K A_ev gy‡L GKZ¡ev‡`i K_vB ejyK, Zv‡`i Kv‡Q hw`
GKRb bexi ˆ`bw›`b Kvh©vejx (hv Zuvi wk¶vi g~Z© cÖZxK) m¤ú‡K©
AewnZ nIqvi †Kvb Dcvq bv _v‡K ZLb Zviv ¶wZMÖ¯—B nq|
22 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
wØZxq Aa¨vq
Cmv Av. Gi HwZnvwmK weeiY
hxï cÖK…Zc‡¶ †K ev Kx wQ‡jb Zv Avwe®‹v‡ii R‡b¨ gvbyl
hZ †ewk †Póv Ki‡Z _v‡K ZZB Zuvi m¤ú‡K© Áv‡bi ¯^íZv cÖKU
n‡q †`Lv †`q| Zuvi wk¶v Kg©Kv‡Êi wjwLZ weeiY _vK‡jI wZwb
Avm‡j Kxfv‡e Rxeb AwZevwnZ Ki‡Zb Ges Ab¨ †jvK‡`i mv‡_
wZwb cÖwZw`b Kxfv‡e KvRKg© Ki‡Zb, †m e¨vcv‡i Lye KgB Rvbv
hvq|
hxï Ges Zuvi Kg©KvÊ m¤ú‡K© eû †jvK wewfbœ gZ w`‡q‡Q,
wKš‘ †m¸‡jv weK…Z| G m‡ei g‡a¨ wKQy mZ¨Zv hw`I Av‡Q, wKš‘
GK_v mZ¨ †h wewfbœ mg‡q wjwLZ 4wU M„nxZ Mm‡cj (evB‡e‡ji
bZzb wbqg) cwiewZ©Z I †mÝiK…ZB ïay nqwb, †m¸‡jv
cÖZ¨¶`k©xi weeiYI bq| cÖ_g Mm‡c‡ji iPwqZv gvK©
(Mark)| GwU wjwLZ nq 60-75 m‡b| wZwb wQ‡jb †m›U
evb©vev‡mi (St. Barnabas)- Gi †ev‡bi cyÎ| gw_ (Mathew)
wQ‡jb GKRb U¨v· Kv‡j±i (Ki Av`vqKvix) Z_v wbæc`¯’
Kg©KZ©v| wZwb hxïi mv‡_ ågY K‡ibwb| j~‡Ki (Luke)
Mm‡cj A‡bK c‡i wjwLZ| ZvQvov gw_ I gv‡K©i gZ Zvi
Mm‡c‡ji eY©bvi Drm GKB| jyK wQ‡jb c‡ji (†cŠj-Paul)
wPwKrmK Ges c‡ji gZ wZwbI KL‡bv hxï‡K †`‡Lbwb| R‡bi
(BD‡nvbœv) Mm‡c‡ji Drm wfbœ Ges Av‡iv c‡i 1kÕ m‡bi w`‡K
iwPZ| Zv‡K hxïi wkl¨ Rb (John) g‡b Kiv fyj n‡e, KviY
wZwb wfbœ e¨w³| GB Mm‡cj‡K hxïi Rxe‡bi wbf©i‡hvM¨ weeiY
e‡j MY¨ Kiv DwPZ n‡e wKbv Ges Zv cweÎ MÖ‡š’i Aš—f©y³ n‡e
wKbv Zv wb‡q `yÕk eQi a‡i DËß weZK© P‡jwQj|
weL¨vZ Ôgi“ mvMi cuyw_iÕ (Dead Sea Scrolls) Avwe®‹vi
hxï †h ¯’v‡b Rb¥MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb †mLvbKvi mgv‡Ri cÖK…Z I
ˆewkó¨ m¤ú‡K© bZzb Av‡jvKcvZ K‡i| evb©vev‡mi Mm‡c‡j
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 23
Ab¨vb¨ Mm‡cj¸‡jvi †P‡q hxïi Rxe‡bi A‡bK †ewk w`K ewY©Z
n‡q‡Q Ges hxï cÖK…Zc‡¶ wK wQ‡jb, KziAvb I nvw`m †m
welqwU Av‡iv e¨vL¨vi gva¨‡g my¯úó K‡i‡Q|
Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB †h, hxï Av¶wiK A‡_© ÔCk¦‡ii cyÎÕ
wQ‡jb bv| Zuvi c~e©eZ©x bex Beivwng Av. I bex gymv Av. Ges
cieZ©x bex gynv¤§` mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj­vg Gi gZ wZwbI
wQ‡jb GKRb bex| mKj gvby‡li gZ wZwbI Lv`¨ MÖnY Ki‡Zb
Ges nvU- evRv‡i †h‡Zb|
Avgiv †`wL, Awbevh©fv‡e wZwb †mB me †jvK‡`i mv‡_
wb‡R‡K msMÖvgiZ †`L‡Z †c‡qwQ‡jb hv‡`i ¯^v_© wQj Zuvi wk¶vi
we‡ivax| wZwb †h cÖZ¨v‡`k jvf K‡ib †mUv Zviv †g‡b †bqwb
A_ev mZ¨ Rvbv m‡Ë¡I Zv D‡c¶v K‡i gvby‡li †Pv‡L ¶gZv jvf,
ab m¤ú` AR©b I L¨vwZ cÖwZcwËi R‡b¨ Zv e¨envi K‡i‡Q|
Av‡iv †`Lv hvq, hxïi Bn‡jŠwKK Rxeb Bqvû`x BwZnv‡mi
Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask| ZvB Zuvi Kvwnwb Rvb‡Z †M‡j †m BwZnv‡mi
cÖwZ `„wó †`Iqv cÖ‡qvRb| hxï Zuvi mgMÖ Rxe‡b wQ‡jb GKRb
†Muvov Bqvû`x ag©vPiYKvix| wZwb eû eQi a‡i cwieZ©‡bi wkKvi
gymv Av. Gi g~j wk¶v cybe©¨³ I cybi“¾xe‡bi Rb¨ G‡mwQ‡jb|
cwi‡k‡l Avgiv †`wL, whwb µzkwe× n‡qwQ‡jb wZwb hxï bb,
ZuviB gZ †`L‡Z Ab¨ GK e¨w³| GK †ivgvb Kg©KZ©v †j›Uvjvm
(Lentutus) hxïi eY©bv w`‡q‡Qb Gfv‡e :
Kvb ch©š— ev`vwg i‡Oi Pzj wQj Zuvi, †m¸‡jv wQj †KuvKov‡bv
Ges †m Pz‡ji evnvwi¸”Q †b‡g wM‡qwQj Kuv‡ai Dci,
bvRv‡ibxq‡`i gZ gv_vi ga¨fv‡M wQj wmuw_ KvUv| Zvi åƒ wQj
gm„Y I ¯úó, †Kvb `vM I ewj‡iLv k~b¨ jvj‡P gyLgÊj| bvK I
gyL wQj wbLuyZ| Zuvi wQj my`„k¨ `vwo hvi is wQj gv_vi Pz‡ji
i‡Oi gZB Ges Zv ga¨fv‡M wef³ wQj| Zuvi `yÕwU †PvL wQj bxj
a~mi, Zv‡Z AmvaviYfv‡e me Abyf~wZi cÖKvk NUZ| Zuvi D”PZv
24 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
wQj gvSvwi, mv‡o 15 gy‡Vv (Fists) `xN©| KwVb Ae¯’vqI wZwb
Drdzj­ _vK‡Zb| †Kvb †Kvb mgq wZwb Kuv`‡Zb, Z‡e †KD Zuv‡K
†Kvbw`b nvm‡Z †`‡Lwb|
nvw`m kix‡d Zuvi eY©bv i‡q‡Q mvgvb¨ c„_Kfv‡e :
Zuvi Mv‡qi is wQj mv`v †Nulv jvj‡P| wZwb KL‡bv gv_vq
†Zj †`bwb| wZwb nuvU‡Zb Lvwj cv‡q| w`‡bi Lvevi Qvov Zuvi
m¤^j wQj bv| Zuvi †Kvb Ni wQj bv| wQj bv †Kvb AjsKvi, †Kvb
wRwbmcÎ, †cvkvK mvgMÖx, †Kvb m¤ú`| Zuvi gv_v _vKZ Aweb¨¯—
, Zuvi gyLgÊj wQj †QvU| GB c„w_ex‡Z wZwb wQ‡jb GK `i‡ek,
cieZ©x Rxe‡bi R‡b¨ A‡c¶v gvb Ges Avj­vni Bev`‡Z gk¸j|
hxïi R‡b¥i mwVK ZvwiL Rvbv hvqwb| j~‡Ki g‡Z 6 L„óv‡ã
†h Av`g ïgvwi nq, Zvi KvQvKvwQ mg‡q hxï Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| G
K_vI ejv n‡q‡Q †h, wZwb †n‡iv‡`i (Herode) Avg‡j Rb¥MÖnY
K‡ib| †n‡iv‡`i g„Zz¨ nq 4 L„óc~e©v‡ã|
wfb‡m›U †UBj‡ii (Vincent Taylor) wm×vš— hxïi Rb¥ 8
L„óc~e©v‡ãi w`‡K n‡Z cv‡i|1 Zuvi g‡Z, †h‡nZz hxïi cÖK…Z ev
Avmbœ Rb¥jv‡fi msev‡`i †cÖw¶‡Z †n‡iv` †e_‡j‡n‡gi mKj
beRvZ wkï‡`i nZ¨vi digvb Rvwi K‡iwQ‡jb, †m‡nZz hxïi Rb¥
Aek¨B †n‡iv‡`i g„Zz¨i c~‡e©B N‡UwQj| GgbwK Avgiv hw` j~‡Ki
Mm‡cj †`wL, Zvn‡j †`Lv hvq, GB GKB Mm‡c‡ji `yÕwU cO&w³i
weei‡Yi ga¨Kvi e¨eavb `k eQi| AwaKvsk fvl¨KviB wØZxq
cO&w³‡Z wek¦vm K‡ib| G‡Z ejv i‡q‡Q, hxï 4 L„óc~e©v‡ã A_©vr
ÔL„‡ói R‡b¥i Pvi eQi c~‡e©Õ Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|
gvZv †gixi A‡jŠwKK Mf© aviY I hxïi Rb¥MÖnY e¨vcK
Av‡jvPbvi welqe¯‘ n‡q‡Q| wKQy †jv‡Ki wek¦vm †h wZwb
†Rv‡m‡di i³ gvs‡mi mš—vb Qvov Ab¨ wKQy bb| c¶vš—‡i
A‡jŠwKK aviYvq wek¦vmx‡`i g‡Z wZwb wQ‡jb Ck¦‡ii cyÎ| Z‡e
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 25
GB ÔCk¦‡ii cyÎÕ K_vwU Av¶wiKfv‡e bv AvjsKvwiKfv‡e MÖnY
Kiv n‡e †m e¨vcv‡i Zv‡`i g‡a¨ gZ‡f` i‡q‡Q| j~K e‡jb:
`~Z Mvweª‡qj Ck¦‡ii KvQ †_‡K GKRb Kzgvixi Kv‡Q †cÖwiZ
n‡qwQ‡jb........ †mB Kzgvixi bvg wQj †gix| Ges `~Z Zuvi Kv‡Q
AvMgb Ki‡jb Ges m‡¤^vab Ki‡jb: Ô†n Ck¦‡ii wecyj AbyMÖn
cÖvß igYx|Õ wZwb hLb Zuv‡K †`L‡jb, Zuvi K_vq weeªZ n‡jb
Ges G m‡¤^vabwUi Zvrch© Dcjwäi †Póv Ki‡jb| `~Z Zuv‡K
ej‡jb : Ô†n †gix! Avcwb fxZ n‡eb bv, KviY Avcwb Ck¦‡ii
AbyMÖn jvf K‡i‡Qb| Avcbvi Mf© mÂvi n‡e Ges GK cyÎ Rb¥
†b‡e, Zvi bvgKiY Ki‡eb hxï....|Ó ZLb †gix `~Z‡K ej‡jb:
ÔGUv wK K‡i m¤¢e? Avwg †Kvb cyi“l‡K wPwb bv|Ó .... `~Z Reve
w`‡jb : Ò Ck¦‡ii B”Qvq †Kvb wKQyB Am¤¢e bqÓ... †gix ej‡jb,
ÒAvwg Ck¦‡ii †mweKv, Avgvi e¨vcv‡i Ck¦‡ii B”QvB c~Y© †nvK|Ó
Gici `~Z cÖ¯’vb Ki‡jb|
(j~K: 1 : 26-39)
GKB NUbv KziAvb gwR‡` ewY©Z n‡q‡Q Gfv‡e :
: ¯§iY Ki, hLb wdwikZvMY e‡jwQj Ò†n gvi&qvg! Avj­vn
†Zvgv‡K g‡bvbxZ I cweÎ K‡i‡Qb Ges we‡k¦i bvixi g‡a¨
†Zvgv‡K g‡bvbxZ K‡i‡Qb.... †n gvi&qvg! wbðqB Avj­vn †Zvgv‡K
Zuvi c¶ n‡Z GKwU Kvwjgvi mymsev` w`‡”Qb (cyÎ mš—v‡bi), Zvi
bvg gmxn, gvi&qvg Zbq Cmv.... †m ejj : †n Avgvi cÖwZcvjK!
Avgv‡K †Kvb cyi“l ¯úk© K‡iwb, Avgvi mš—vb n‡e Kxfv‡e? wZwb
ej‡jb: G fv‡eB| Avj­vn hv B”Qv m„wó K‡ib| wZwb hLb wKQy
w¯’i K‡ib ZLb e‡jb : ÔnIÕ Ges Zv n‡q hvq|
(Avj-KziAvbt 3t 42-47)
4wU Mm‡c‡ji g‡a¨ gvK© I Rb (†hvnb-BD‡nvbœv) hxïi Rb¥
m¤ú‡K© bxie Ges gw_ `vqmviv fv‡e Zv D‡j­L K‡i‡Qb| Gici
j~K hxïi esk e„Ëvš— D‡j­L K‡i Avevi ¯^we‡ivwaZvi cwiPq
26 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
w`‡q‡Qb, c¶vš—‡i gvK© I Rb †Kvb esk e„Ëvš— †`bwb| gw_ I
j~‡Ki g‡a¨ gw_ Av`g I hxïi ga¨eZ©x 26 R‡bi bvg D‡j­L
K‡i‡Qb| Ab¨w`‡K j~‡Ki ZvwjKvq Av‡Q 42 R‡bi bvg| Gfv‡e
`yÕR‡bi eY©bvq 16 R‡bi AmvgÄm¨ cwijw¶Z nq| hw` †Kvb
e¨w³i Mo eqm 40 eQiI †g‡b †bqv hvq, ZviciI hxïi Kw_Z
c~e©cyi“l‡`i `yÕwU ZvwjKvi g‡a¨ e¨eavb `uvovq 6kZ 40 eQi|
wKš‘ hxïi A‡jŠwKK R‡b¥i e¨vcv‡i KziAv‡b ci¯úi we‡ivax
†Kvb eY©bv †bB| hxïi ÔCk¦i‡Z¡iÕi (Divinity) welqwU KziAvb
`„pfv‡e cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i‡Q| hxïi Rb¥ MÖn‡Yi ciciB hv N‡UwQj
KziAv‡b †m eY©bv cvV Ki‡jB Zv my¯úó n‡e:
: Gici †m mš—vb‡K wb‡q Zvi m¤úÖ`v‡qi Kv‡Q Dcw¯’Z nj|
Zviv ejj : Ô†n gvi&qvg! Zzwg †Zv GK A™¢yZ KvÊ K‡i e‡mQ! †n
nvi“‡Yi †evb, †Zvgvi wcZv Amr e¨w³ wQj bv, Ges †Zvgvi
gvZvI wQj bv e¨wfPvwiYx|Ó Gici gvi&qvg mš—v‡bi w`‡K Bw½Z
Kij| Zviv ejj, Ô†h Kv‡ji wkï, Zvi mv‡_ Avgvi †Kgb K‡i
K_v ejj?Ó †m ejj. ÒAvwg †Zv Avj­vni ev›`v| wZwb Avgv‡K
wKZve w`‡q‡Qb I bex K‡i‡Qb| †hLv‡bB Avwg _vwK bv †Kb
wZwb Avgv‡K eiKZgq K‡i‡Qb| wZwb Avgv‡K wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb
RxeÏkv ch©š— bvgvR I hvKvZ Av`vq Ki‡Z, Avi Avgv‡K Avgvi
gvZvi cÖwZ AbyMZ K‡i‡Qb, wZwb Avgv‡K K‡ibwb D×Z I
nZfvM¨| Avgvi cÖwZ kvwš— †hw`b Avwg Rb¥jvf K‡iwQ, †hw`b
Avgvi g„Zz¨ n‡e Ges †hw`b RxweZve¯’vq Avwg cybi“wÌZ ne|Ó
GB-B Cmv gvi&qvg Zbq| Avwg ejjvg mZ¨ K_v, †h wel‡q Zviv
weZK© K‡i| mš—vb MÖnY Kiv Avj­vni KvR bq| wZwb cweÎ
gwngvgq| wZwb hLb wKQy w¯’i K‡ib, ZLb e‡jb ÔnIÕ Avi Zv
n‡q hvq|
(Avj-KziAvb : 19t 27-)
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 27
Av`g Av.) Gi Rb¥ me‡P‡q eo A‡jŠwKK NUbv †h‡nZz wcZv
ev gvZv QvovB wZwb Rb¥ MÖnY K‡ib| nvIqvi Rb¥I hxïi R‡b¥i
†P‡q A‡bK eo A‡jŠwKK NUbv, †h‡nZz wZwb †Kvb gv QvovB
R‡b¥ wQ‡jb| KziAvb gRx‡` ewY©Z Av‡Q:
Avj­vni Kv‡Q Cmvi `„óvš— Av`‡gi `„óvš— m`„k| wZwb Zv‡K
m„wó K‡iwQ‡jb gvwU †_‡K, Zvici wZwb Zv‡K e‡jwQ‡jb : ÔnIÕ
Ges †m n‡q †Mj|
(Avj KziAvb 3: 59)
hxï †h mgv‡R Rb¥MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb †m mgv‡R ivR‰bwZK I
mvgvwRK fv‡e whv N‡UwQj Zvi †cÖ¶vc‡U hxïi Rxeb‡K wePvi
Kiv ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| Bqvû`x RM‡Z GUv wQj GK gnv †Mvj‡hv‡Mi
Kvj| Bqvû`xiv Zv‡`i BwZnv‡m evi evi AvMÖvm‡bi wkKvi n‡q
nvbv`v‡ii c`Z‡j wbw®úó n‡q‡Q| G wel‡q c‡i we¯—vwiZ
Av‡jvPbv Kiv hv‡e| hv †nvK, evisevi civRq Bqvû`x‡`i
Amnvq K‡i †Zv‡j, d‡j Zv‡`i g‡b wawK wawK R¡j‡Z _v‡K
N„Yvi Av¸b| Zv m‡Ë¡I, Mfxi nZvkv fiv w`b¸‡jv‡ZI
Bqvû`x‡`i GKwU eo AskB Zv‡`i gvbwmK fvimvg¨ envj iv‡L
G Avkvq †h GK bqv gymv Av. Avm‡eb Ges Zuvi mn‡hvMx‡`i
wb‡q AvMÖvmbKvix‡`i weZvwoZ Ki‡Z m¶g n‡eb, Avevi
cÖwZwôZ n‡e wh‡nvfvi kvmb| wZwb n‡eb †gwmqvn& (Messiah)
A_©vr Awfwl³ hxï|
Bqvû`x RvwZi g‡a¨ GKwU Ask wQj hviv memgq
¶gZvmxb‡`i c~Rv KiZ| cÖwZK‚j Ae¯’vqI wb‡R‡`i myweav
jv‡fi R‡b¨ Zviv hy‡Mi mv‡_ Zvj wgwj‡q cvj Dwo‡q w`Z| Zviv
abm¤ú` I ag©xq Ae¯’v‡bi w`K w`‡q D”P¯’v‡b AwawôZ n‡qwQj|
wKš‘ Zv m‡Ë¡I Bqvû`x RvwZi Aewkó Ask Zv‡`i wek¦vmNvZK
wn‡m‡eB MY¨ KiZ|
28 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
G `ywU Ask QvovI Bqvû`x‡`i g‡a¨ Z…Zxq Av‡iKwU `j wQj
hv‡`i mv‡_ c~‡e©v³ `yÕwU `‡ji e¨vcv‡i cv_©K¨ wQj| Zviv AvkÖq
wb‡qwQj R½‡j Ges ZvIivZ Abyhvqx Zviv ag© cvjb KiZ|
hLbB my‡hvM AvmZ ZLwb Zviv nvbv`vi‡`i wei“‡× jovB KiZ|
G mgq †ivgvbiv Zv‡`i ¸ß NuvwU¸‡jv Luy‡R †ei Kivi R‡b¨
eûevi †Póv PvwjI e¨_© nq| GB †`k †cÖwgK Bqvû`x‡`i msL¨v
µgkB evo‡Z _v‡K| †Rv‡mdv‡mi KvQ †_‡K Zv‡`i K_v cÖ_g
Rvbv hvq| wZwb Bqvû`x‡`i G 3wU `j‡K h_vµ‡g dvixmx
(Pharisees), mvÏyKx (Sadducces) I G‡mwb (Essenes)
e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡ib|
G‡mwb‡`i Aw¯—Z¡ m¤ú‡K© AewnZ nIqv †M‡jI wek` wKQy
Rvbv hvq bv| 4wU Mm‡c‡ji †KvbwU‡ZB Zv‡`i bvg GKeviI
Dwj­wLZ nqwb| Gi ci bvUKxq AvKw¯§KZvi g‡a¨ gi“ mvM‡ii
Kv‡Q R`©v‡bi cvnvo¸‡jv‡Z gi“ mvMi cuyw_ (Dead Sea
Scrolls) bv‡g cwiwPZ `wjj- cÎ Avwe®‹…Z nq| G Avwe®‹vi
we‡k¦i eyw×Rxex I hvRK gn‡j So †Zv‡j| G cÖm‡½ G `wjj-
cÎ Kxfv‡e Avwe®‹…Z nj †m Kvwnwbi wKQyUv D‡j­L Kiv †h‡Z
cv‡i|
1947 mvj| Kzgiv‡bi Kv‡Q cÖvš—‡i GK Avie evjK
†gN Pivw”Qj| GK mgq †m j¶ Kij, cv‡j GKwU †gl †bB|
Kv‡QB cvnvo| †glwU nq‡Zv †mw`‡KB †M‡Q †f‡e evjKwU
cvnv‡o wM‡q †gl LuyR‡Z ïi“ Kij| GK mgq Zvi bR‡i coj
GKwU ¸nv| †m fvej, †glwU †eva nq Gi g‡a¨B Xy‡K c‡o‡Q|
evjKwU ¸nvi wfZ‡i GKwU cv_i wb‡¶c Kij| cv_‡i cv_‡i
msN‡l©i kã †kvbvi Avkv KiwQj †m| wKš‘ Zvi cwie‡Z© g‡b
nj, cv_‡ii UzK‡ivwU †Kvb gvwUi cvÎ RvZxq †Kvb e¯‘i Mv‡q
AvNvZ K‡i‡Q| gyn‚‡Z©B Zvi g‡b iwOb ¯^cœ Wvbv †g‡j| †m
fvej, wbðq †Kvb ¸ßab Av‡Q G ¸nvq| ciw`b mKv‡j †m
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 29
Avevi ¸nvq wd‡i Av‡m| mv‡_ GKRb eÜz‡KI wb‡q hvq †m|
`yÕR‡b ¸nvi wfZ‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i| wKš‘ nZvk nq Zviv| ¸nvi
†Kv_vI ¸ßab †bB| Zvi cwie‡Z© fvOv‡Pviv gvwUi wRwbmc‡Îi
g‡a¨ Zviv K‡qKwU gvwUi Kjm (Jar) †`L‡Z †cj| Gi †fZi
†_‡K GKwU Kjm wb‡q wb‡R‡`i Zuvey‡Z Gj Zviv| †mwU †f‡O
†djvi ci Zv‡`i †kl AvkvUzKzI wejxb n‡q †Mj| Kj‡mi †fZi
†_‡K cvIqv †Mj Pvgovq †jLv GKwU cuyw_| †MvUv‡bv cuyw_wU
Lyj‡Z Lyj‡Z †kl ch©š— Zv Zuveyi Gcvk †_‡K Icvk ch©š—
†cŠQj| GUv wQj †mB cuyw_¸‡jvi GKwU hv c‡i AvovB jvL
Wjv‡i wewµ nq| Avie evjKwU K‡qK wkwjs Gi wewbg‡q Kvb‡Wv
(Kando) bvgK GK wmixq L„óv‡bi Kv‡Q cuyw_wU wewµ K‡i †`q|
Kvb‡Wv wQj GKRb gywP| †m eû cy‡iv‡bv PvgovwU wK‡bwQj G
Rb¨ †h GUv nq‡Zv †Kvb cy‡iv‡bv RyZv †givg‡Z Kv‡R jvM‡e|
nVvr Kvb‡Wv j¶ K‡i †h PvgovwUi Dc‡i Kxme †jLv i‡q‡Q|
wKš‘ fvlvwU Zvi ARvbv _vKvq †m wKQyB eyS‡Z cvij bv| fvj
K‡i †`‡L wb‡q †m cuyw_wU †Ri“Rv‡j‡gi †m›U gvK© g‡Vi wmixq
AvP© wekc‡K †`Lv‡e e‡j gb¯’ Kij| G fv‡e G `yB e¨w³
A‡_©vcvR©‡bi Kvi‡Y cu~w_wU GK †`k †_‡K Ab¨ †`‡k e‡q wb‡q
hvq|
R`©v‡bi Av‡gwiKvb Iwi‡q›Uvj Bbw÷wUD‡U G cuyw_¸‡jv Iì
†Uóv‡g‡›Ui wUkvB‡qi MÖ‡š’i (Book of Tsaiah) ÁvZ
Kwc¸‡jvi g‡a¨ me©v‡c¶v cÖvPxb e‡j †`Lv †Mj| Gi 7 eQi ci
cuyw_¸‡jv BmivBj miKvi KZ©…K †Ri“Rv‡j‡gi MÖš’ gw›`‡i
(Shrine of the book) iw¶Z nq|
†gvUvgywU wn‡m‡e R`©vb b`xi ZxieZ©x cvnv‡o cÖvq 6k ¸nv
i‡q‡Q| G me ¸nv‡ZB evm KiZ G‡mbxiv| G Bqvû`x m¤úÖ`vqwU
gvby‡li mskÖe Z¨vM K‡iwQj| KviY Zviv wek¦vm KiZ †h GKRb
cÖK…Z Bqvû`x ïaygvÎ wh‡nvfvi (Jehovah) (Iì †Uóv‡g‡›U
30 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
Ck¦i‡K wh‡nvfv e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv n‡q‡Q) mve©‡fŠg‡Z¡i Aax‡bB
evm Ki‡Z cv‡i, Ab¨ Kv‡iv KZ©…‡Z¡i Aax‡b bq| Zv‡`i wek¦vm
Abyhvqx †ivgvb mgªv‡Ui Aax‡b †h Bqvû`x emevm Ges Zv‡K cÖfy
wn‡m‡e ¯^xKvi K‡i †m cvc KvR K‡i|
c„w_exi †fvM- wejvm, Avo¤^ic~Y© Rxeb Ges A`g¨ †mB kw³
hv Awbevh©fv‡e gvbyl‡K †V‡j †`q we‡iva I AvZ¥- aŸs‡mi c‡_,
cÖf„wZ Kvi‡Y exZkÖ× G Bqvû`x m¤úÖ`vq gi“ mvM‡ii ZxieZ©x
cvnv‡o wbR©b ¯’v‡b AvkÖq MÖnY K‡iwQj| cvnv‡oi ¸nvq emev‡mi
G Rxeb Zviv †e‡Q wb‡qwQj G Kvi‡Y †h bxie-wbf„Z cwi‡e‡k
Zviv cweÎ Rxeb hvc‡b g‡bvwb‡ek Ki‡Z cvi‡e Ges gyw³ jvf
Ki‡Z m¶g n‡e| gw›`‡ii eû Bqvû`xi gZ Zviv Iì
†Uóv‡g›U‡K A‡_©vcvR©‡bi Kv‡R e¨envi K‡iwb, eis cweÎ MÖ‡š’i
wk¶vbyhvqx Rxeb- hvc‡bi †Póv K‡i| G Rxeb- hvc‡bi gva¨‡g
ï×Zv I cweÎZv jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡e e‡j Zviv Avkv K‡iwQj|
Ck¦‡ii wb‡`©k Bqvû`xiv AbymiY bv Kivq cÖK…Zc‡¶ aŸs‡mi c‡_
GwM‡q P‡jwQj| †mB c_ Zviv Kxfv‡e cwinvi K‡i‡Q, Aewkó
Bqvû`x‡`i mvg‡b Zvi `„óvš— ¯’vcbB wQj Zv‡`i j¶¨|
Zviv Ava¨vwZ¥K Mvb iPbv K‡iwQj hv gvby‡li ü`q‡K Mfxi
fv‡e bvov w`‡qwQj| GKRb Aa¨vZ¥ev`xi Rxeb‡K S‡o cwZZ
Rvnv‡Ri b¨vq e‡j GKwU Mv‡b D‡j­L i‡q‡Q| Ab¨ GKwU Mv‡b
GKRb Aa¨vZ¥ev`x‡K Z‡jvqv‡ii gZ wRnŸv wewkó wmsn cwic~Y©
Ai‡Y¨ ågYKvix GKRb cw_K e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| c‡_i
ïi“‡Z GKRb Ava¨vZ¥ev`x †h AwfÁZvi m¤§yLxb nq Zv‡K Zzjbv
Kiv n‡q‡Q cÖ_g mš—v‡bi Rb¥`vÎx gv‡qi AwfÁZvi mv‡_| hw`
†m GB wech©q cvwo w`‡Z m¶g nq Zvn‡jB †m Ck¦‡ii c~Z cweÎ
Av‡jvKavivq øvZ nq| ZLb †m Dcjwä K‡i †h, gvbyl gvwU I
cvwbi wgkÖ‡Y ˆZwi GK e¨_© I k~b¨ m„wó gvÎ| KwVb `y‡f©vM
AwZµg K‡i Ges m‡›`n I nZvkvi mvMi †cwi‡q Avmvi ci †m
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 31
jvf K‡i Akvwš—i g‡a¨ kvwš—, `yt‡Li g‡a¨ myL Ges †e`bvi g‡a¨
Avb‡›`i GK gayi Rxeb| Zvici †m wb‡R‡K †`L‡Z cvq Ck¦‡ii
fv‡jvevmv gyov‡bv Ae¯’vq| G ch©v‡q Acwimxg K…ZÁZvi mv‡_
†m Dcjwä K‡i †h, Kxfv‡e Zv‡K AZj MnŸi †_‡K Zz‡j Avbv
n‡q‡Q Ges ¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q DuPz mgZj f~wg‡Z| GLv‡b Ck¦‡ii
Av‡jvq nuvU‡Z nuvU‡Z c„w_exi wbg©g kw³i mvg‡b †m AUj AwePj
n‡q `uvovq|
gi“ mvMi cu~w_ Avwe®‹v‡ii c~‡e© G‡mbx‡`i wel‡q AwZ AíB
Rvbv †hZ| wc­wb (Pliny) I †Rv‡mdvm (Josephus) Zv‡`i
K_v D‡j­L Ki‡jI cieZ©x Kv‡ji HwZnvwmK‡`i Øviv Kvh©Z Zviv
D‡cw¶Z n‡q‡Q| wc­wb GB gvbe †Mvôx‡K we‡k¦i Ab¨ †h †Kvb
gvbe †Mvôxi †P‡q AwaKZi D‡j­L‡hvM¨ e‡j eY©bv K‡i‡Qb|
Zv‡`i ¯¿x †bB, Zviv †hŠb msmM© cwiZ¨vM K‡i, Zv‡`i †Kvb
A_© m¤ú` †bB.... Zv‡`i RxebvPviY †`‡L wecyj msL¨K †jvK
Zv‡`i cÖwZ AvK…ó nq Ges Gfv‡e Zv‡`i msL¨v µgk e„w×
cvw”Qj.... Gfv‡e G †MvôxwU nvRvi nvRvi eQi wU‡K wQj hw`I
Zviv †Kvb mš—vb Drcv`b KiZ bv| †Rv‡mdvm, hvi Rxeb ïi“
n‡qwQj GKRb G‡_bx wn‡m‡e, wZwb wj‡L‡Qb †h G‡_bxiv wek¦vm
KiZ †h AvZ¥v Agi| GUv Ck¦‡ii cÖ`Ë GK Dcnvi| Ck¦i wKQy
wKQy AvZ¥v‡K mKj cvc †_‡K gy³ K‡i wb‡Ri R‡b¨ cweÎ K‡i
†bb| Gfv‡e weï×KiYK…Z e¨w³ mKj AcweÎZv †_‡K gy³ n‡q
cweÎZv AR©b K‡i|
hy‡M hy‡M weRqx ewntkw³ gw›`i aŸsm I Bqvû`x‡`i eûevi
civwRZ Kiv m‡Ë¡I G ¸nvevmx‡`i Rxeb- hvÎvq Zvi †Kvb cÖfve
c‡owb| Zv‡`i GB †¯^”Qv wbe©vm‡bi Rxeb a‡g©i cweÎZv Ges
we‡`wk AvMÖvmb †_‡K RywWqv‡K (Judea) gy³ Kivi R‡b¨ cÖwZwU
Bqvû`xi msMÖv‡gi `vwqZ¡ †_‡K cjvqb wQj bv| cÖvZ¨wnK cÖv_©bv
I cweÎ MÖš’ cv‡Vi cvkvcvwk Zv‡`i †KD †KD GKwU my`¶
32 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
evwnbx M‡o Zz‡jwQj hviv ïay gymv Av. Gi ag©B cÖPvi KiZ bv,
Dciš‘ wb‡`©wkZ c‡_ ¯^vaxbZvi R‡b¨ jovB Ki‡ZI cÖ¯‘Z wQj|
Zv‡`i hy× wQj ïaygvÎ Ck¦‡ii †mevi R‡b¨, ¶gZv jvf ev
e¨w³MZ ¯^v_©wmw×i R‡b¨ bq| GB †hv×v evwnbxi m`m¨‡`i‡K
kΓiv Ôag©vÜ Bûw`Õ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ KiZ| Zviv GK cZvKvi
Aax‡b msMwVZ wQj Ges cÖwZwU †Mv‡Îi wbR¯^ cwiwPwZ cZvKv
wQj| Zviv wQj 4wU wWwfk‡b wef³ Ges cÖwZwU wWwfk‡bi kx‡l©
wQj GKRb cÖavb| cÖwZwU wWwfkbB MwVZ wQj BmivB‡ji 3wU
†Mv‡Îi †jvK wb‡q| Gfv‡e Bqvû`x‡`i 12wU †Mv‡Îi mK‡jB GK
cZvKvi bx‡P msMwVZ n‡qwQj| evwnbxi cÖavb‡K GKRb †jexq
cy‡ivwnZ n‡Z nZ| wZwb ïay GKRb mvgwiK AwabvqKB wQ‡jb
bv, AvB‡bi GKRb wk¶KI wQ‡jb| cÖwZwU wWwfk‡bi Zvi wbR¯^
gv`ªvmv (Ôwg`ivmÕ ev ¯‹zj) wQj Ges cy‡ivwnZ‡`i GKRb mvgwiK
KgvÛvi wn‡m‡e `vwqZ¡ cvjb QvovI we`¨vj‡q wbqwgZ Ò`ikÓ ev
wk¶v cÖ`vb Ki‡Z nZ|
Gfv‡e Gme ¸nvq Avw`g cwi‡e‡k evm K‡i G‡mbxiv
Avb›`- wejvm cwiZ¨vM K‡iwQj, Zviv weevn‡K N„Yv KiZ Ges
ab m¤ú‡`i cÖwZ weZ…òv wQj| Zviv GKwU ¸ß mgvR cÖwZôv
K‡iwQj Ges Zv‡`i ¸ß welqmg~n m`m¨ bq Ggb Kv‡iv Kv‡Q
KL‡bvB cÖKvk Kiv nZ bv| †ivgKiv Zv‡`i Aw¯—Z¡ m¤ú‡K©
Rvb‡jI Zv‡`i Pvicv‡ki †MvcbxqZvi gy‡Lvk †f` Ki‡Z
cv‡iwb| cÖwZwU A¨vW‡fÂvi wcÖq Bqvû`xiB ¯^cœ wQj GB mgv‡Ri
m`m¨ nIqv, KviY we‡`wk nvbv`vi‡`i wei“‡× jovB Kivi GUvB
wQj GKgvÎ mnRjf¨ cš’v|
wc­wbi eY©bv †_‡K Avgiv †hgbwU Rvb‡Z cvwi, Kvh©ZI
G‡mbxiv weevn‡K N„Yv KiZ| Z‡e Zviv Ab¨‡`i bgª I eva¨
wkï‡`i Zv‡`i wbKURb wn‡m‡e MÖnY KiZ Ges wb‡R‡`i Rxeb
avivq Zv‡`i M‡o ZzjZ| Gfv‡eB kZ kZ eQi a‡i G‡mbxiv
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 33
Zv‡`i Aw¯—Z¡ wUwK‡q ivL‡Z †c‡iwQj hw`I Zv‡`i mgv‡R †Kvb
wkïi Rb¥ nZ bv| Gfv‡eB, †U¤új Ae m‡jvgb ev m‡jvgb
gw›`‡ii cÖavb cy‡ivwnZ hvKvwiqv (Zachariah) e„× eq‡m hLb
GKwU cyÎ mš—vb jvf K‡ib wZwb Zv‡K G‡mbxq‡`i Avw`g
cwi‡e‡k cvwV‡q †`b Ges †mLv‡bB wZwb †e‡o I‡Vb| BwZnv‡m
wZwbB Rb w` e¨vcwUó (John the Baptist) ev e¨vcwUó Rb
bv‡g cwiwPZ|
myZivs †`Lv hv‡”Q, G‡mbx m¤úÖ`vq Zv‡`i Avw`g cwi‡e‡k
Aw¯—Z¡kxj wQj| Zv‡`i Kv‡Q hvKvwiqvi mš—vb †cÖi‡Yi KviYI
†evaMg¨| wZwb Zuvi eûKvswLZ cy·K gi“f~wg‡Z GKvKx cvVvbwb,
wZwb me‡P‡q wek¦¯— m¤úÖ`vqwUi Kv‡Q Zvi `vwqZ¡ fvi Ac©Y
K‡iwQ‡jb †h m¤úÖ`vq Rxeb hvcb KiZ wh‡nvfvi mš‘wó mva‡bi
R‡b¨| hvKvwiqvi cZœx GwjRv‡e‡_i ÁvwZ †evb †gix‡K hvKvwiqv
jvjb-cvjb K‡iwQ‡jb| KviY †gixi gv Zv‡K gw›`‡ii †mevq
DrmM© Kivi gvbZ K‡i Zv‡K hvKvwiqvi nv‡Z Zz‡j w`‡qwQ‡jb|
GB cwi‡e‡k hxïi Rb¥ MÖnY N‡U|
Bqvû`xiv g‡b KiZ †h †gwmqvn (Messiah) bv‡g GKRb
bqv †bZvi Avwef©ve NU‡e| wZwb L„óa‡g© `xw¶Z n‡eb Ges
Zv‡`i ivRv‡K nZ¨v Ki‡eb| Zvi Avï Rb¥MÖn‡Yi ¸Re
Bqvû`x‡`i g‡a¨ Qwo‡q covi ci †hLv‡b †gwmqvni Rb¥MÖn‡Yi
K_v, †mB †e_‡j‡n‡g Rb¥ MÖnYKvix mKj wkï‡K nZ¨v Kivi
Rb¨ †n‡iv` (Herod) wm×vš— †bq| hvKvwiqv G‡mbx‡`i
kw³kvjx ¸ß mgvR‡K welqwU m¤ú‡K© AewnZ K‡ib| †gix
†ivgK ˆmb¨‡`i †jŠn †eóbx †f` K‡i cvwj‡q †h‡Z m¶g nb|
wZwb hxï‡K wb‡q wgki Mgb K‡ib| †mLv‡b G‡mbx‡`i Av‡iKwU
m¤úÖ`vq evm KiZ|
gi“ mvMi cu~w_ (Dead Sea Scroll) Avwe®‹v‡ii c~e© ch©š—
†gix I hxïi AvKw¯§K Aš—a©vb Ges †ivgvb KZ©…c‡¶i nvZ †_‡K
34 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
Zv‡`i wbivc` cjvq‡bi welqwU inm¨ve„Z Ges bvb Ríbv-
Kíbvi Drm wQj| †Kvb Mm‡c‡jB G Aa¨vqwU m¤ú‡K© wKQy ejv
nqwb| G‡mbx m¤úÖ`v‡qi Aw¯—Z¡ †_‡K GUv †evSv hvq †h, Kxfv‡e
hxïi Rb¥Kvjxb e¨vcK cÖPviYv m‡Ë¡I AbymiYKvix‡`i †PvL
Gwo‡q Zviv (†gix I hxï) mvd‡j¨i mv‡_ cjvqb Ki‡Z m¶g
n‡qwQ‡jb| Ab¨ †Kvb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z, †h wkïwU PgrKvifv‡e ¸wQ‡q
cÖvgvwYK K_vevZ©v ej‡Zb Ges †glcvjKiv I g¨vwM (Magi)
hv‡K `k©b K‡iwQ‡jb, wZwb wKQy‡ZB GZ mn‡R cvwj‡q †h‡Z
cvi‡Zb bv|
L„óc~e© 4 m‡b hxïi eqm hLb 3 ev 4 eQi, ZLb †n‡iv‡`i
g„Zz¨ nq| d‡j hxïi Avï cÖvY mskq fxwZ AcmvwiZ nq Ges
wZwb ZLb Aev‡a Ny‡i †eov‡Z cvi‡Zb| g‡b nq, G‡mbx
wk¶K‡`i K‡Vvi k„•Ljvi g‡a¨ wZwb wk¶v jvf K‡iwQ‡jb|
†h‡nZz wZwb AZ¨š— †gavex wk¶v_©x wQ‡jb †m Kvi‡Y Lye `ª“Z
ZvIivZ wk¶v Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb| 12 eQi eq‡m Zv‡K gw›`‡i
†cÖiY Kiv nq| G mgq †`Lv †Mj, evievi cvV cybive„wËi
cwie‡Z© wZwb AUj Av¯’v I cvwʇZ¨i mv‡_ K_v ej‡Qb|
K‡qKRb gymwjg HwZnvwm‡Ki weei‡Y Zuvi wkï Kv‡j
msNwUZ A‡jŠwKK Kg©KvÊ m¤ú‡K© ejv n‡q‡Q| mvjvexi ÔKvmvmyj
Avw¤^qvÕ MÖ‡š’ Av‡Q|
Iqvnve e‡j : evjK Cmvi cÖ_g †h wb`k©b †jv‡Kiv cÖZ¨¶
Kij Zv nj GB †h Zuvi gvZv wgk‡ii GKwU MÖv‡g MÖvg cÖav‡bi
evwo‡Z evm Ki‡Zb| QyZvi wgw¯¿ †hv‡kd whwb gvi&qv‡gi mv‡_
wgki Mgb K‡iwQ‡jb wZwbB Zv‡K †m evwo‡Z wb‡q G‡mwQ‡jb|
`wi`ª QyZvi wgw¯¿ MÖvg cÖav‡bi evwo †givgZ Ki‡Zb| GKevi MÖvg
cÖav‡bi Znwej †_‡K wKQy A_© Pzwi hvq| wKš‘ wZwb `wi`ª QyZvi‡K
m‡›`n K‡ibwb| MÖvg cÖav‡bi GB A_© Pzwii NUbvq gvi&qvg `ytwLZ
nb| evjK Cmv gvZv‡K M„n¯^vgxi A_© Pzwii NUbvq `ytL- KvZi
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 35
†`‡L Zuv‡K wR‡Ám Ki‡jb: gv, Avcwb wK Pvb †h Avwg GB Pzwi
hvIqv A‡_©i mÜvb Kwi| wZwb Reve w`‡jb, nu¨v evQv| wZwb
ej‡jb : Zvn‡j M„n¯^vgx‡K ejyb me `wi`ª‡`i Avgvi Kv‡Q †W‡K
Avb‡Z| GK_v ï‡b gvi&qvg M„n¯^vgxi Kv‡Q wM‡q Zv‡K Zuvi cy‡Îi
K_v Rvbv‡jb| wZwb me `wi`ª e¨w³‡K †W‡K Avb‡jb| Zviv
mevB G‡m †cŠQ‡j Cmv Av. Zv‡`i g‡a¨ `yÕe¨w³i Kv‡Q †M‡jb|
G‡`i GKRb wQj AÜ, Ab¨Rb wQj †Luvov| wZwb †Luvov e¨w³‡K
AÜ e¨w³i Nv‡oi Dci Zz‡j w`‡jb| Zvici Zv‡K ej‡jb : D‡V
`uvovI| AÜ †jvKwU Reve w`j. G e¨w³‡K Nv‡o K‡i D‡V
`uvov‡bvi kw³ Avgvi †bB| Cmv Av. ZLb ej‡jb : MZKvj G
kw³ Zzwg Kxfv‡e †c‡qwQ‡j? Dcw¯’Z †jvKRb Cmv Av. Gi
GK_v ï‡b AÜ e¨w³‡K gviai Ki‡Z ïi“ Kivi †m D‡V `uvovj|
†m D‡V `uvov‡ZB †Luvov e¨w³ M„n¯^vgxi ab- fvÊv‡ii Rvbvjvi
Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q †Mj| ZLb Cmv Av. M„n¯^vgxi D‡Ï‡k¨ ej‡jb :
Gfv‡eB Zviv MZKvj Avcbvi m¤ú` Pzwi K‡i‡Q| AÜ †jvKwU
†Luvovi `„wókw³ Ges †Luvov `yÕRbB GK‡hv‡M e‡j DVj : nu¨v, Bwb
mZ¨ K_vB e‡j‡Qb| Zvici Zviv Pzwi Kiv A_© MÖvgcÖavb‡K
wdwi‡q w`j| wZwb †m¸‡jv wb‡Ri abfvÊv‡i ivL‡jb| ej‡jb :
†n gvi&qvg, Zzwg Gi A‡a©KUv MÖnY Ki| wZwb Rev‡e ej‡jb :
A‡_©i cÖwZ Avgvi †Kvb AvMÖn †bB| MÖvg cÖavb ej‡jb : wVK
Av‡Q, G A_© Zvn‡j †Zvgvi cy·K `vI| gvi&qvg ej‡jb : Zvi
gh©v`v Avgvi †P‡qI AwaK|..... G mgq Cmvi Av. eqm wQj 12
eQi|
wØZxq wb`k©b :
myÏx e‡jb : Cmv Av. hLb we`¨vj‡q †jLvcov Ki‡Zb ZLb wZwb
Zuvi mncvVx †Q‡j‡`i Kv‡Q Zv‡`i wcZv- gvZviv wK Ki‡Qb, Zv
e‡j w`‡Zb| wZwb GK GKw`b GK GKwU †Q‡j‡K ej‡Zb : evwo
36 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
hvI, †Zvgiv evwoi †jv‡Kiv AgyK AgyK wRwbm Avnvi Ki‡Q Ges
†Zvgvi Rb¨ AgyK AgyK wRwbm ˆZwi Ki‡Q Ges Zviv AgyK AgyK
Lvevi Lv‡”Q| GK_v ï‡b †Q‡jwU evwo P‡j †hZ Ges Zuvi Kv‡Q
hv hv ï‡b‡Q †m¸‡jv Zv‡K bv †`qv ch©š— KvbœvKvwU KiZ| evwoi
†jv‡Kiv Zv‡K wR‡Ám KiZ †K †Zvgv‡K G¸‡jv e‡j‡Q? †m
ejZ Cmv| K‡qKwU NUbv NUvi ci evwoi †jv‡Kiv †Q‡j¸‡jv‡K
GKwU evwo‡Z AvUK ivLj| Cmv Av. Zv‡`i LuyR‡Z LuyR‡Z
†mLv‡b †M‡jb| †jvK‡`i Kv‡Q †Q‡j‡`i K_v Rvb‡Z PvB‡j Zviv
ejj, Zviv †mLv‡b †bB| wZwb wRÁvmv Ki‡jb : Zvn‡j G
evwo‡Z wK Av‡Q? Zviv ejj : ïKi| wZwb ej‡jb : Zviv k~K‡i
cwiYZ †nvK| Zvici †jv‡Kiv `iRv Ly‡j ïay k~KiB †`L‡Z
†cj| BmivB‡ji wkïiv Cmvi Av. R‡b¨ wecv‡K c‡owQj| Zuvi
gv G Kvi‡Y Zuvi R‡b¨ DwØMœ n‡q DV‡jb| wZwb Zuv‡K GKwU
Mvavi wc‡V Zz‡j wg‡mii D‡Ï‡k¨ hvÎv Ki‡jb......|
AvZv e‡jb:
gvi&qvg Cmv Av. †K we`¨vjq †_‡K wb‡q G‡m wewfbœ iKg KvR
†kLv‡bvi †Póv Ki‡Z jvM‡jb| me©‡kl wZwb Zv‡K e¯¿
iÄbKvix‡`i Kv‡Q w`‡jb| wZwb Zv‡K e¯¿ iÄbKvix‡`i cÖav‡bi
nv‡Z Zz‡j w`‡jb hv‡Z wZwb Zvi KvQ †_‡K KvR wkL‡Z cv‡ib|
wKQy w`b †K‡U †Mj| †m †jvKwUi Kv‡Q wewfbœ ai‡bi e¯¿ wQj|
wZwb G¸‡jv wb‡q md‡ii hvw”Q‡jb| wZwb Cmv Av. †K ej‡jb:
Zzwg GLb e¨emv wk‡LQ| Avwg 10 w`‡bi Rb¨ md‡i hvw”Q| GB
e¯‘¸‡jv wewfbœ i‡Oi| G¸‡jv †Kvb i‡O is Kiv n‡e Avwg Zv
wPwýZ K‡i †i‡LwQ| Avwg PvB †h, Avgvi wd‡i Avmvi Av‡MB G
KvR¸‡jv Zzwg m¤úbœ K‡i ivL‡e| Zvici wZwb P‡j †M‡jb| Cmv
Av. GKwU is Kivi cv‡Î GKwU is ˆZwi Ki‡jb Ges mKj Kvco
Zvi g‡a¨ Wywe‡q w`‡q Avj­vni Kv‡Q `yÔAv Ki‡jb| wbw`©ó w`‡b
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 37
e¯¿ iÄbKvix wd‡i G‡jb| wZwb †`L‡jb, Cmv Av. GKwU i‡Oi
cv‡Î mKj e¯¿ †i‡L‡Qb| wZwb wPrKvi K‡i ej‡jb : nvq nvq! G
Zzwg wK K‡iQ? wZwb Reve w`‡jb : Avwg KvRwU m¤úbœ K‡iwQ|
e¯¿ iÄbKvix ej‡jb : †m¸‡jv †Kv_vq? wZwb ej‡jb : i‡Oi
cv‡ÎB me i‡q‡Q| e¯¿ iÄbKvix ej‡jb, me¸‡jv? wZwb ej‡jb
: nu¨v| e¯¿ iÄbKvix ej‡jb : mKj Kvco Zzwg GKwU cv‡Î
Kxfv‡e ivL‡j? Zzwg me¸‡jv KvcoB bó K‡i w`‡qQ| wZwb
ej‡jb : I¸‡jv Zzjyb Ges †`Lyb| wZwb Kvco¸‡jv Zzj‡jb|
Cmv Av. GKwU njy`, GKwU meyR GKwU jvj Gfv‡e G‡Ki ci
GK wewfbœ i‡Oi Kvco Zvi nv‡Z Zz‡j w`‡Z _vK‡jb| †`Lv
†Mj, e¯¿ iÄbKvix †hgbwU †P‡q‡Qb †m¸‡jv †ZgbwUB n‡q‡Q|
Gevi e¯¿ iÄbKvixi wew¯§Z nevi cvjv| wZwb eyS‡Z cvi‡jb, hv
N‡U‡Q Zv meB Avj­vni B”Qvq| wZwb KZ bv †MŠiegq| ZLb e¯¿
iÄbKvix †jvKRb‡K †W‡K ej‡Z _vK‡jb : †Zvgiv †`‡L hvI
Cmv Av. wK K‡i‡Qb| Gici wZwb Ges Zvi mnPiiv Zuv‡K wek¦vm
K‡i Avj­vni Dci Cgvb Avb‡jb Ges Zuvi Abymvix‡Z cwiYZ
n‡jb|
hxïi wkïKv‡j GKwU ¸Äb Qwo‡q c‡o †h Rb (John) G‡mbx
m¤úÖ`v‡qi KvQ †_‡K P‡j G‡m‡Qb Ges wbR©‡b evm Ki‡Qb| Zvi
ci‡b i‡q‡Q ïay gvÎ D‡Ui‡jv‡gi ˆZwi GKwU e¯¿ Ges †Kvg‡i
i‡q‡Q Pvgovi eÜbx| wZwb ïay dj-g~j Ges eb¨ gay Avnvi
K‡ib: (wgw_ 3t4)| wZwb mivmwi †jvKR‡bi g‡a¨ ag©cÖPvi
K‡ib| wZwb `xN©Kvj wk¶v bwewki Rb¨ †Rvi K‡ib bv hv wKbv
G‡mbx åvZ…ms‡Ni m`m¨c` jv‡fi R‡b¨ AZ¨vek¨K| wZwb
RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ Av‡jvob Zz‡j‡Qb| wZwb wh‡nvfvi w`‡K wd‡i
Avmvi Rb¨ mK‡ji cÖwZ WvK w`‡q‡Qb Ges mKj‡K Avk¦vm
w`‡q‡Qb †h wkMwMiB Ck¦‡ii ivRZ¡ cÖwZwôZ n‡e|
38 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
G wel‡qi mv‡_ mswk­ó wnmv‡e †Rv‡mdvm KZ©…K wjwLZ Ab¨
GK mbœ¨vmxi BwZnvm cvVI AvMÖ‡nvÏxcK| †Rv‡mdvm wQ‡jb H
mbœ¨vmxi wkl¨| †Rv‡mdvm GK K‡Vvi Zcm¨vq wZb eQi wbR©b
¯’v‡b AwZevwnZ K‡ib| G mgq wZwb evbvm (Bannus) bvgK
GK mbœ¨vmxi ZË¡veav‡b wQ‡jb whwb ïaygvÎ Mv‡Qi cvZv w`‡q
ˆZwi †cvkvK ci‡Zb, ey‡bv dj-g~j Avnvi Ki‡Zb Ges kxZj
cvwb‡Z Aweivg AeMvn‡bi gva¨‡g wb‡Ri Kvg-cÖe„wˇK wbqš¿‡Y
ivL‡Zb| myZivs mbœ¨vmx‡`i mKj mvaviY cÖ_v Rb †g‡b Pj‡Zb
I AbymiY Ki‡Zb, GUvB ¯^vfvweK|
†WwfW Ges Zvi c~‡e©Kvi bexM‡Yi Kv‡Q wbR©b ¯’vb¸‡jv wQj
AvkÖq¯’j| GLv‡b G‡m Bqvû`xiv Zv‡`i we‡`wk kvmK‡`i
AvwacZ¨ I fyqv Ck¦‡ii cÖfve †_‡K gy³ n‡Z cviZ| GLv‡b
†cŠËwjK kvmK‡`i Aaxb _vKvi ev Zv‡`i GKUzLvwb K…cv`„wó
jv‡fi †Kvb e¨vcvi wQj bv| G iKg cwi‡e‡k mªóvi Dci
wbf©ikxjZv m„wó nZ Ges GKgvÎ ZuviB Bev`Z nZ| GUv wQj
GKZ¡ev‡`i †`vjbv| gi“f~wgi GB wbR©b A‡j G‡m gvby‡li gb
†_‡K wbivcËvi wg_¨v aviYvwU AcmvwiZ n‡q †h‡Z Ges †m ïay
ev¯—eZvi DciB wbf©ikxj n‡Z wkLZ| ÒwbR©b weivbv cÖvš—‡i
Ab¨vb¨ me wKQyB Amvi cÖwZcbœ nZ Ges gvbyl mKj cÖv‡Yi wPiš—
b Drm, mKj wbivcËvi g~j kw³ GK cÖfyi Kv‡Q †LvjvLywj fv‡e
mgwc©Z nZ|Ó2 †mB wbR©bZvq msMÖv‡gi `ywU w`K wQj| cÖ_gZ :
hviv Ck¦‡ii mš‘wói j‡¶¨ Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Z PvBZ, wb‡R‡`i
mv‡_ GB msMÖv‡gi d‡j Ck¦‡ii cÖwZ wek¦vm I Av¯’v Zv‡`i g‡b
`„p g~j nZ| wØZxqZ: GB c_ Aej¤^‡bi d‡j hviv Ab¨cš’vq
Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Z PvBZ Zv‡`i mv‡_ msNvZ Awbevh© n‡q DVZ|
cÖ_g msMÖvgwU wQj wh‡nvfv‡K wek¦v‡mi Ges Ava¨vwZ¥K mvd‡j¨i
cÖkœ, Zv †m wØZxq jovB‡Z Rqx †nvK Avi bv †nvK|
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 39
R‡bi D`vË AvnŸvb wecyj msL¨K †jvK‡K AvK…ó Ki‡Z ïi“
Kij| wZwb G‡mbxq‡`i RxebvPi‡Yi GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welq wejyß
Ki‡jb| †mwU wQj- m¤úÖ`v‡qi †Kvb ¸ß welqB Kv‡iv Kv‡Q
cÖKvk Kiv hv‡e bv- GgbwK wbh©vZ‡b g„Zz¨ n‡jI bqÓ3 Av‡Mi
gZ K‡Vvi wbqg cvwjZ bv nIqvq Av‡›`vj‡bi g‡a¨ †ivgvb‡`i
R‡b¨ ¸ßP‡ii AbycÖ‡ek NUv‡bv mnR n‡q I‡V| wKš‘ Rb Zvi
bex myjf ¶gZve‡j Gme QÙ‡ekx †jvK‡`i cwiPq †R‡b †dj‡Z
m¶g nb| wZwb Zv‡`i Ôwelv³ mvcÕ (Vipers) e‡j AvL¨vwqZ
K‡ib (gw_ 3t7)| Zvi Kwbô ÁvwZ åvZv hxï G Av‡›`vj‡b †hvM
†`b Ges m¤¢eZ wZwb wQ‡jb †Mvovi w`‡K Awfwl³‡`i Ab¨Zg|
Zvi me©¶‡Yi m½x evY©vevmI m¤¢eZ Zuvi mv‡_B `x¶v MÖnY
K‡ib| hxïi Ab¨ m½x g¨vw_qvmI Zuvi mv‡_B `xw¶Z nb|
Rb Rvb‡Zb †h wZwb jovB ïi“ Kivi Av‡MB Ôwelv³ mv‡civÕ
mdj n‡Z hv‡”Q| wKš‘ hxïi `x¶v MÖn‡Yi d‡j wZwb GZB mš‘ó
n‡qwQ‡jb †h, Zvi g„Zz¨i mv‡_B †h Zuvi Av‡›`vjb †kl n‡q hv‡e
bv G e¨vcv‡i wZwb wbwðš— wQ‡jb| Rb †hgbwU fwel¨`&evYx
K‡iwQ‡jb, †ZgbwUB nj| ivRv †n‡iv` Zuvi wki‡ñ` Ki‡jb|
d‡j Zuvi Av‡›`vj‡bi mKj fvi hxïi Kuv‡a G‡m coj|
hxï Gmgq wQ‡jb 30 eQ‡ii hyeK| Zvi Kv‡Ri †gqv` 3
eQ‡ii †ewk ¯’vqx nqwb| wZwb Dcjwä K‡ib †h, Zuvi cÖ¯‘wZi
Kvj †kl I Rxe‡bi ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Aa¨v‡qi m~Pbv n‡q‡Q| mgqwUi
c~Y© Zvrch© Dcjwäi Rb¨ Avgiv hxï‡K BwZnv‡mi †cÖ¶vc‡U
¯’vcb Kie Ges we‡kl K‡i Bqvû`x BwZnv‡mi cÖwZ `„wó †`e|
G¸‡jv cybivq †m welq¸‡jv‡KB e¨vL¨v Ki‡e BwZg‡a¨ †h¸‡jv
NU‡Z ïi“ K‡iwQj| †hgb : G‡mbx m¤úÖ`v‡qi Aw¯—Z¡, R‡bi
Kg©KvÊ Ges P~ovš—fv‡e hxï I †ivgvb‡`i g‡a¨ we‡iva| G¸‡jvi
meB †mB GKB c×wZi NUbv hv Bqvû`x‡`i BwZnv‡m evievi
msNwUZ n‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU †¶‡ÎB kvmKiv hLb Zv‡`i‡K Ck¦‡ii
40 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
mv‡_ wb‡R‡`i mn‡hvMx I Askx`vi Kivi †Póv K‡i‡Q P~ovš—
fv‡e, ZLbB Bqvû`xiv we‡`wk nvbv`vi‡`i wei“‡× we‡`ªvn †NvlYv
K‡i‡Q| GK Ck¦‡ii wek¦vm Ges wZwb Qvov Avi †KD Dcvm¨ bb,
Zv‡`i G e¨vcviwU wQj wbtkZ© I my¯úó|
Bqvû`x‡`i g‡a¨ kvmK ev ivóª bvq‡KvwPZ ¸Yvewji NvUwZ
wQj| BwZnv‡mi Dlvj‡Mœ †`Lv hvq, Bqvû`xiv Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i
ivRvi wei“‡× lohš¿ K‡i‡Q| KviY wZwb Ck¦‡ii `„wó‡Z hv Lvivc
Zvi me wKQyB K‡iwQ‡jb (1 ivRvejx (II Kings) 13t11)|
e¨vwej‡bi †beykv`‡bhvi (Nebuchadnezzar) †Ri“hv‡jg
`Lj K‡ib| gw›`i A¶Z iBj| wKš‘ gw›`i I ivRcÖvmv‡`i ab-
iZœ bZzb kvm‡Ki Aax‡b b¨¯— nj| Bqvû`xiv e¨vwejbxq nvbv`vi
kvm‡Ki wei“‡× we‡`ªvn Ki‡Z Kvj‡¶cY Kij bv| Gi d‡j
Avevi we‡`wk nvgjv nq Ges gw›`i cÖmv` aŸsm nq|
fv‡M¨i PvKv Ab¨w`‡K Nyij| mvBiv‡mi (Cyrus) †bZ…‡Z¡
cvim¨evmxiv e¨vwejb Rq K‡i| Bqvû`x‡`i Avi GKevi
nvbv`vi‡`i †mevq wb‡qvwRZ Kiv nj| Z‡e mvBivm Awej‡¤^B
e¨vwej‡b GZ wecyj msL¨K we‡`wk †jv‡Ki Dcw¯’wZi wec`
Dcjwä Ki‡Z m¶g n‡jb Ges wZwb Zv‡`i †Ri“hv‡j‡g wd‡i
hvIqvi wb‡`©k w`‡jb| Zv‡`i gw›`i cybwb©gv‡YiI AbygwZ †`Iqv
nj|
†Ri“hv‡jg Awfgy‡L AMÖmi gvb Kv‡djvi Bqvû`x‡`i msL¨v
wQj 42,360 Rb| G Qvov Zv‡`i mv‡_ wQj 7,337 Rb `vm I
¯¿x‡jvK| G‡`i g‡a¨ wQj 2kÕ Rb cyi“l bvix MvqK-MvwqKv|
Kv‡djvi †jvK‡`i enb K‡i AvbwQj 736wU †Nvov, 245 wU
L”Pi, 435wU DU Ges 6,720 wU Mvav (GRiv (Ezra) 2t64-
69)| †h mKj cÖvYx ab- m¤ú` enb K‡i AvbwQj, †m¸‡jv G
wn‡m‡ei evB‡i wQj|
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 41
†Ri“hv‡j‡g †cuŠQvi ci Zviv gw›`i cybwb©gv‡Yi cwiKíbv
Ki‡Z ïi“ Kij| G D‡Ï‡k¨ Zviv 61 nvRvi Wªvg (Drams)
†mvbv I 5 nvRvi cvDÛ i“cv msMÖn K‡iwQj| Aek¨ Zviv
e¨vwejb †_‡K †h ab-m¤ú` wb‡q G‡mwQj †m¸‡jv G wnmv‡ei
g‡a¨ aiv nqwb| e¨vwejb †_‡K 30 wU †Nvov †mvbv e‡q G‡bwQj|
i“cv Avbvi Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv n‡qwQj 1 nvRvi †Nvov| G QvovI
gw›`‡i ¯’vc‡bi R‡b¨ 5,400 †mvbv I i“cvi cvZ gRy` Kiv wQj
(GRiv 1 : 9 : 11)| †h me e›`x `vm †Ri“hv‡j‡g cÖZ¨veZ©b
K‡iwQj Zviv msL¨v I m¤ú` Dfqfv‡eB e„w× jvf K‡iwQj|
†Ri“hv‡j‡gi kvmK wn‡m‡e Bqvû`xiv `xN©Kvj kvwš— Dc‡fvM
Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| Av‡jKRvÛvi †Ri“hv‡jg weR‡qi ci 323 L„ó
c~e©v‡ã Zuvi g„Zz¨i Av‡MB wZwb fvi Rq K‡ib| Zuvi g„Zz¨i ci
Zuvi †mbva¨¶iv mvgªvR¨‡K wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ fvM-euv‡Uvqviv K‡i
wb‡qwQ‡jb| U‡jwg Av‡jKRvw›`ªqv‡K ivRavbx K‡i wgki kvmb
Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| †mjyKv‡mi iv‡R¨i ivRavbx nq Gw›UIK Ges
Av‡jKRvÛv‡ii Aewkó mvgªv‡R¨i ivRavbx nq e¨vwejb| U‡jgxq
I †mjymxq kvmKiv wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ wbiš—i hy×-weMÖ‡n wjß wQ‡jb|
†Mvovi w`‡Ki GK jovB‡Z †Ri“hv‡jg wgkixq MÖxK‡`i nv‡Z
cwZZ n‡q| bqv kvmKiv BmivB‡j wecyjmsL¨K Bqvû`x‡`i
mgv‡e‡k Lywk wQj bv| Zviv eûmsL¨K Bqvû`x‡K wgm‡i cvwV‡q
†`q| Gi d‡j BmivB‡ji evB‡i cÖ_gev‡ii gZ e„nËg GK
Bqvû`x Dcwb‡ek M‡o D‡V| †mLv‡b Zviv MÖxK mf¨Zvi Nwbô
mvwbœ‡a¨ Avmvi my‡hvM jvf K‡i Ges wneªy MÖš’vw` MÖxK fvlvq iƒcvš—
wiZ nq| U‡jgxq kvmK‡`i Kv‡Q BmivBj wQj GK my`~ieZ©x
Dcwb‡ek| Zv‡`i evrmwiK ivR¯^ cwi‡kva K‡iI Bqvû`x‡`i
Kv‡Q wecyj cwigvY A_© †_‡K †hZ|
198 L„ó c~e©v‡ã †mjymxq (Selucian) kvmKiv U‡jgxq
kvmK‡`i KvQ †_‡K †Ri“hv‡jg `Lj K‡i †bq| †Ri“hv‡jg wQj
42 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
Zv‡`i GKev‡i nv‡Zi Kv‡Q| myZivs Av‡Mi kvmK‡`i gZ †Kvb
Mwogwm bv K‡i Zviv †Ri“hv‡j‡gi †jvK‡`i mKj wel‡q
e¨vcKfv‡e n¯—‡¶c Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡i| U‡jgxq kvmK‡`i gZB
bqv kvmK‡`i Aax‡bI Zv‡`i RxebvPv‡ii mv‡_ Bqvû`x‡`i
m¤ú„³ Kivi †ec‡ivqv †Póvi gva¨‡g MÖxK ms¯‹…wZgbv
(Hellenised) K‡i †Zvjvi cÖwµqv Pj‡Z _v‡K| Gw›UIKvm
G‡ccwjqvbv‡mi (Antiochus Epeplianus) kvmbvg‡j GB
ejc~e©K mvs¯‹…wZK HK¨ mvab cÖwµqv P~ovš— ch©v‡q †cuŠ‡Q| wZwb
m‡jvg‡bi gw›`‡i wRD‡mi (Zeus) GKwU g~wZ© ¯’vc‡bi gZ
GKwU fyj KvR K‡ib| G welqwU Bqvû`x‡`i we¶zä K‡i †Zv‡j
Ges Zviv Ry`vn g¨vKvwe‡mi (Judah Maccabes) †bZ…‡Z¡
we‡`ªvn K‡i| nvZzwo wQj Zv‡`i we‡`ªv‡ni cÖZxK| MÖxK‡`i
†Ri“hv‡j‡gi evB‡i Zvwo‡q †`qv nq| weRqx Bqvû`xiv †`L‡Z
†cj aŸsmcÖvß gw›`i, Rbk~b¨ Dcvmbv¯’j, AcweÎ †e`x Ges
gw›`‡ii cy‡o hvIqv Øvi| Zviv ZvIivZ Abyhvqx gw›`i cybt
wbg©vY Kij| bqv kvmKiv GZB RbwcÖq n‡qwQj †h, Zviv
GKvav‡i gw›`‡ii D”P cy‡ivwnZ I BmivB‡ji ivRvq cwiYZ nq|
GK nv‡Z mKj ¶gZv †K›`ªxf~Z K‡i kvmKiv AvBb-Kvby‡bi
cÖ‡qv‡M AZ¨š— K‡VviZv Aej¤^b K‡i| Bqvû`xiv ZLb we‡`wk
kvmK‡`i Kj¨vYKi kvm‡bi R‡b¨ e¨vKzj n‡q c‡o| wb‡R‡`i
kvm‡bi wei“‡× Rbg‡b Am‡š—vl j¶¨ K‡i g¨vKvwem Av‡iv D×Z
I AZ¨vPvix n‡q I‡V| Bqvû`xiv Av‡iv GKevi Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i
kvmK‡`i wei“‡× lohš¿ ïi“ K‡i| †Ri“hv‡j‡g †ivgvb kvmb
Kv‡q‡g Gi f~wgKv †Kvb µ‡gB ¶z`ª wQj bv|
hxïi R‡b¥i mgq †ivgKiv c~e©eZ©x kvmK‡`i fy‡jiB
cybive„wË K‡iwQj| Zviv gw›`‡i cÖavb `iRvi Dci GKwU ¯^Y©
CMj ¯’vcb K‡iwQj| G welqwU Bqvû`x‡`i µz× K‡i Zz‡jwQj
Ges Gi d‡j †ivgK‡`i wei“‡× Dch©ycwi we‡`ªvn msNwUZ nq|
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 43
g¨vKvwe‡mi `yÕRb Abymvix cÖ_g we‡`ªv‡ni cZvKv D‡Ëvjb K‡i|
¯^Y© CMj aŸsm KivB wQj Zv‡`i j¶¨| †ivgK‡`i Kv‡Q GUv ïay
ivóª‡`ªvwnZvB wQj bv, Zv‡`i a‡g©i cÖwZI GUv wQj Aegvbbvi
kvwgj| eû i³cv‡Zi ci we‡`ªvn `gb Kiv nq| we‡`ªv‡ni `yÕ
†bZv‡K Rxeš— cywo‡q gviv nq| Gi AíKvj ciB †ivgvb‡`i
Av‡iKwU we‡`ªv‡ni m¤§yLxb n‡Z nq| G hy‡× Bqvû`x‡`i civRq
N‡U Ges 2 nvRvi we‡`ªvnx‡K µzkwe× K‡i nZ¨v Kiv nq|
Bqvû`xiv civwRZ n‡jI Zv‡`i g‡bi g‡a¨ †µva wawKwawK
R¡jwQj| 6 m‡b Ki av‡h©i myweavi R‡b¨ mgªvU AvMvóvm
(Augustus) hLb Bqvû`x‡`i RbmsL¨v MYbvi wb‡`©k †`b
ZLbI †m †µva AZ¨š— DuPzgvÎvq weivwRZ wQj| †`eZ¡ Av‡ivwcZ
mgªvU‡K Ki cÖ`vb Kiv wQj ZvIiv‡Zi wk¶vi wecixZ| Bqvû`xiv
ïay wh‡nvfv‡KB ivRv ev mgªvU e‡j MY¨ KiZ| d‡j wek„•Ljv
†`Lv †`q| Bqvû`x‡`i g‡a¨ D`vi g‡bvfvevcbœ AskwU Dcjwä
Ki‡jb †h, GB jovB Bqvû`x‡`i R‡b¨ cy‡ivcywi MYnZ¨vq
cwiYZ n‡e| Zviv mg‡SvZvi Av‡e`b K‡i Ki cÖ`vb Ki‡Z
m¤§Z nIqvi gva¨‡g A_©nxb AvZ¥nZ¨v †_‡K Zv‡`i RbMY‡K
euvPv‡Z PvB‡jb| †h †bZviv GB g~j¨ w`‡q kvwš— wKb‡jb Zviv
RbwcÖq nbwb, eis Zv‡`i Bqvû`x RvwZi cÖwZ wek¦vmNvZK wn‡m‡e
wPwýZ Kiv nq|
hxïi Rb¥Kvjxb mgq Ges †hvn‡bi g„Zz¨ ch©š— msNwUZ
NUbvi mv‡_ H mg‡qi ev¯—e I mvgvwRK cwiw¯’wZi K_v
BwZg‡a¨B D‡j­L Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avgiv GLb Ggb GK ch©v‡q
†cuŠ‡QwQ †hLv‡b mgMÖ cÖwZ‡iva Av‡›`vjbB Hkx Aby‡cÖiYvq DÏxß
hxï‡K wN‡i †K›`ªxf~Z n‡qwQj|
†Kvb wKQy Kivi Av‡M hxïi 40 w`b wbR©‡b evm I cÖv_©bv
Kiv cÖ‡qvRb wQj| Zuvi eqm ZLb wQj 30 eQi| Bqvû`x AvBb
Abyhvqx GUv wQj †mB eqm †h eq‡m †Kvb gvbyl Zvi wcZvi
44 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
wbqš¿Y gy³ nq| †hvnb hLb gvby‡li g‡a¨ ag©cÖPvi K‡iwQ‡jb
ZLb wZwb †ivgK‡`i wei“‡× mK‡ji i“‡L `uvov‡bvi AvnŸvb
Rvwb‡q wQ‡jb| wKš‘ hxï Gi Av‡M cÖKv‡k¨ ag© cÖPvi K‡ibwb|
myZivs mZK©Zvi mv‡_ Zuvi cÖ¯‘wZ †bqv cÖ‡qvRb n‡q c‡owQj|
Gi Av‡Mi cÖ‡Póvi cwimgvwß N‡UwQj wech©‡qi g‡a¨ w`‡q Ges
m¤úÖwZ †hvn‡bi g„Zz¨i ¯§„wZ Zuvi g‡b RvMiƒK wQj| `~i`„wó I
weP¶YZvi mv‡_ wZwb Bqvû`x‡`i msMwVZ Kivi KvR ïi“
Ki‡jb| wZwb KvD‡K `x¶v w`‡jb bv| GUv AKvi‡Y †ivgvb‡`i
e¨vcK `„wó AvKl©Y KiZ Ges Zv wec¾bK Ae¯’vi m„wó Ki‡Z
cviZ| Ab¨w`‡K wZwb Ôwelv³ mvcÕ¸‡jvi cÖwZ‡iva Av‡›`vj‡b
AbycÖ‡e‡kI evav w`‡jb bv| wZwb BmivB‡ji 12wU †Mv‡Îi
cÖwZwbwaZ¡Kvix wn‡m‡e cÖPwjZ cÖ_vq 12 Rb wkl¨ ev Abymvix
wb‡qvM Ki‡jb| Zviv Avevi Zv‡`i †bZ…‡Z¡ KvR Kivi R‡b¨ 70
Rb †`k‡cÖwgK‡K wb‡qvM Kij| Bqvû`x‡`i AvPviwbô ag©xq
m¤úÖ`vq dvixmxiv MÖv‡gi k³ mg_© Bqvû`x‡`i (Avg Avj
Av‡iR- Am-Al Arez) mv‡_ kxZj m¤úK© eRvq ivL‡Z hxï
Zv‡`i wb‡Ri Aax‡b wb‡q G‡jb| GB K…lK‡`i g‡a¨ A‡b‡KB
G‡mbx m¤úÖ`vqf~³ wQj| Zviv hxïi Cl©Yxq mg_©‡K cwiYZ nq|
Zuvi R‡b¨ Zviv Rxeb w`‡Z cÖ¯‘Z wQj| Zviv cwiwPZ wQj
ag©‡hv×v (Zealots) bv‡g| evB‡e‡ji g‡Z, 12 Rb wk‡l¨i g‡a¨
Aš—Z 6Rb wQj ag©‡hv×v| hxï gymv Av. Gi wk¶v cÖZ¨vL¨vb bq,
cybtcÖPv‡ii R‡b¨ AvMgb K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb Iì †Uóv‡g‡›Ui
Av‡e`b Zz‡j ai‡jb : Ò †h AvB‡bi cÖwZ kÖ×vkxj Ges Pzw³ †g‡b
P‡j, Avgvi c‡iB Zvi ¯’vbÓ (g¨vKvwem 2t27-31)| eû †jvK
Zuvi Abymvix n‡Z ïi“ K‡i| wKš‘ Zv‡`i †Mvcb ¯’v‡b ivLv nZ
Ges wbR©b GjvKvq Zv‡`i cÖwk¶Y ïi“ nq| Zv‡`i ejv nZ Ôevi
BIwbgÕ (Bar Yonim) A_©vr ÔwbR©b¯’v‡bi mš—vbÕ| Zv‡`i g‡a¨
hviv QyiKvi e¨envi wk¶v K‡iwQj Zviv ÔmvBKvwiÕ (Sicarii) ev
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 45
ÔPzwiKvavix e¨w³Õ bv‡g cwiwPZ wQj| G Qvov gywó‡gq wKQy
†jvK‡K wb‡q GK ai‡bi †`ni¶x `j ˆZwi Kiv nq| Zviv
cwiwPZ wQj Ôevi †RmvmÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ †jv‡Ki K_v D‡j­L
K‡i‡Qb| Zv m‡Ë¡I Gme †jvK‡`i wN‡i GK ai‡bi inm¨ weivR
KiZ| d‡j Zv‡`i m¤ú‡K© †ewk wKQy Rvbv hvq bv| GUv
†evaMg¨| KviY Zviv wQj hxïi Abymvix Nwbô gnjwUi Ask|
ZvB †ivgvb ¸ßPi‡`i †Pv‡Li Avov‡j ivLvi Rb¨ Zv‡`i cwiPq
†Mvcb ivLv nZ|
Abymvix‡`i hxï wb‡`©k w`‡jb : Ôhvi UvKvi _wj Av‡Q Zv‡K
†mUv wb‡Z `vI, †m ZvB wb‡q _vK, Ges hvi †Kvb Zievwi †bB
Zv‡K Zvi †cvkvK wewµ Ki‡Z `vI hv‡Z †m GKwU wKb‡Z cv‡i
(j~K 22t 36)| hxïi wk¶v A‡jŠwKK Kg©Kv‡Ê AbycÖvwYZ n‡q
Zvi Abymvix‡`i msL¨v e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K| Gme cÖ¯‘wZi dj
`uvovj GB †h wc‡jU- (Pilate) Gi DËi myix †mvwmqvbvm
wn‡q‡ivKjm (Sossianus Hierocles) †LvjvLywjB ej‡jb †h
hxï 9k WvKv‡Zi GKwU `‡ji †bZv (ÔPvP© dv`viÕ j¨vKUvwbqvm
(Lactanius) KZ©…K DׄZ)| †Rv‡mdv‡mi iwPZ MÖ‡š’i ga¨hyMxq
wneªy Abywjwc †_‡K †`Lv hvq, hxïi mv‡_ 2 nvRvi †_‡K 4 nvRvi
mk¯¿ Abymvix wQj| 4
G‡mbx‡`i Abym„Z ag©v`k© †_‡K hv‡Z †ewk`~‡i m‡i bv hvb,
†mw`‡K hxïi mZK© `„wó wQj| wZwb Rvb‡Zb †h G‡mbx‡`i
ag©MÖ‡š’i cÖwZ c„ôv‡ZB Mm‡dj I Ck¦i †cÖwiZ `~Z‡`i AvPvi
Abyôvb I bxwZ evK¨ i‡q‡Q5| ag©cÖPviKv‡j hxï Zuvi wk¶v I
Av`k© m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c Zuvi Abymvix‡`i Kv‡Q cÖKvk K‡ibwb| g~jZ,
c~Y© mZ¨wU gvÎ AwZ Aí K‡qKR‡bi Rvbv wQj|
Ò†Zvgv‡`i Kv‡Q Avgvi GLbI A‡bK wKQy ejvi evwK Av‡Q|
wKš‘ †Zvgiv †m¸‡jv enb Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| hv †nvK, †mB wZwb
A_©vr mZ¨ AvZ¥v hLb AvMgb Ki‡eb ZLb wZwb †Zvgv‡`i c~Y©
46 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
m‡Z¨i c‡_ cwiPvwjZ Ki‡eb, wKš‘ wZwb wb‡R †_‡K wKQy ej‡eb
bv| wZwb hv ïb‡eb, ZvB wZwb ej‡eb|Ó (†hvnb 16 : 12-14)
wZwb †Kvb RvMwZK ¶gZv Pvbwb| ZvB wZwb †`‡ki kvmK
†hgb n‡Z Pvbwb, †Zgwb Pvbwb ag©kv¯¿we` n‡Z ev cÖfvekvjx
Bqvû`x P‡µi †bZ…Z¡| wKš‘ mvaviY gvby‡li g‡a¨ Zuvi wecyj
RbwcÖqZv †`‡L I Zuvi Abymvix‡`i msL¨v w`b w`b e„w× cvIqvi
Kvi‡Y †ivgKiv Ges Zv‡`i mg_©K Bqvû`x cy‡ivwnZiv kw¼Z n‡q
I‡V †h wZwb †eva nq kvmb ¶gZv `Lj Ki‡Z PvB‡Qb|
wb‡R‡`i ¶gZvi cÖwZ ûgwK m„wó n‡Z hv‡”Q †f‡e Zviv Zuv‡K
wbwðý Kivi R‡b¨ `ª“Z m‡Pó n‡q I‡V|
hxïi GKgvÎ j¶¨ wQj mªóv †hgbwU wb‡`©k K‡i‡Qb Z`byhvqx
Dcvmbvi c×wZ cÖwZôv Kiv| Hkx wb‡`©wkZ cš’vq Pjvi c‡_ †h
evav †`Iqvi †Póv Ki‡e Zvi mv‡_ jovB Kivi R‡b¨ hxï I Zuvi
Abymvixiv cÖ¯‘Z wQ‡jb|
cÖ_g jovBwU msNwUZ nq †ivgK‡`i AbyMZ Bqvû`x‡`i
mv‡_| G hy‡× hxïi c‡¶ †bZ…Z¡ w`‡qwQ‡jb Ôevi †RmvmÕ
eviveŸvm (Bar Jesus Barabbas) G hy‡× Bqvû`x `‡ji †bZv
wbnZ n‡j Zviv m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c g‡bvej nvwi‡q †d‡j| wKš‘ eviveŸvm
†MÖdZvi nb|
cieZ©x j¶ wQj m‡jvg‡bi gw›`i| G gw›`‡ii Kv‡QB
†ivgK‡`i GKwU kw³kvjx evwnbx wQj, KviY †mUv wQj evrmwiK
Drm‡ei mgq Ges c~e© Dcj‡¶ †fv‡Rvrme (Feast of the
Passover) wQj Avmbœ| G †ivgK ˆmb¨iv eQ‡ii G mgq
mvaviYfv‡e †QvU-LvU †Mvj‡hv‡Mi R‡b¨ cÖ¯‘Z n‡qB _vKZ| Z‡e
Gevi Zviv Ab¨ †h †Kvb mg‡qi †P‡q †ewk mZK© wQj| Giv
QvovI wQj gw›`i cywjk hviv cweÎ ¯’vb¸‡jv cvnviv w`Z| hxïi
gw›`i AwfhvbwU GgbB mycwiKwíZ wQj †h †ivgK ˆmb¨iv NUbvi
mgq G‡Kev‡i nZ wenŸj n‡q c‡o| hxï gw›`‡ii wbqš¿Y MÖnY
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 47
K‡ib| GB jovB Ôgw›`i ïw×KiYÕ (Cleansing of the
Temple) bv‡g L¨vZ| †hvnb Gi Mm‡c‡j G NUbv wb‡æv³ fvlvq
eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Òhxï gw›`‡i †mB me e¨w³‡`i †`L‡Z †c‡jb hviv Mi“,
†fov I cvqiv wewµ KiwQj| gy`ªv wewbgqKvixiv Zv‡`i Kv‡R
wb‡qvwRZ wQj| hxï Pvey‡Ki AvNvZ K‡i Mi“ I †fovmn Zv‡`i
gw›`‡ii evB‡i Zvwo‡q w`‡jb| wZwb gy`ªv e¨emvqx‡`i UvKv¸‡jv
Quy‡o †d‡j w`‡jb Ges Zv‡`i †Uwej¸‡jvI Dwë‡q w`‡jb|
(†hvnb 2t14)
Pvey‡Ki AvNvZ m¤ú‡K© gš—e¨ Ki‡Z wM‡q KvigvB‡Kj
(Carmichael) e‡jb †h-
Ò†hUv Kvh©Z wQj GK weivU NUbv †h ‡¶‡Î Zviv gvÎ
mwnsmZvi Avfvm w`‡qwQ‡jb Ges m‡›`nvZxZfv‡e AwZ
mvgvb¨Zg AvNvZ gvÎ †n‡bwQ‡jb| Avgiv hw` ïay †mB gw›`‡ii
AvqZb Kíbv Kwi, hvi wfZi I evB‡i mg‡eZ n‡qwQj eû nvRvi
†jvK, AmsL¨ †meK, cywjk evwnbx †ivgK ˆmb¨iv, cvkvcvwk gy`ªv
e¨emvqx‡`i e¨vcv‡i wKQy bv e‡j ïay Mi“ we‡µZv‡`i cÖwZwµqvi
K_v fvwe, Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB †h, KvRwU wQj we¯§qKi e¨vcv‡ii
PvB‡ZI A‡bK †ewk wKQy| PZz_© Mm‡c‡j G NUbvi †h eY©bv
i‡q‡Q Avmj NUbv wQj G‡Kev‡iB wfbœZi| BwZnvmKvi ev¯—eZvi
evB‡i NUbvwU‡K ÔHk¦wiKxKi‡YÕi gva¨‡g Zvrch©nxb K‡i
†d‡j‡Qb|6
cÖwZwU †hv×vi G welqwU Rvbv wQj †h, ¯’vbxq cywjk‡`i
mnvbyf~wZ wQj †`k- †cÖwgK‡`i cÖwZ, `Lj`vi †mbvevwnbxi cÖwZ
bq| G welqwU gw›`‡ii cÖwZi¶v e¨e¯’v m¤ú~Y© †f‡O covi GKwU
KviY n‡Z cv‡i|
†ivgKiv ¯’vbxqfv‡e wech©‡qi m¤§yLxb n‡jI Zv‡`i kw³ P~Y©
nqwb| Zvi kw³ e„w×i R‡b¨ mvnvh¨ †P‡q cvVv‡j bZzb ˆmb¨ `j
48 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
†Ri“hv‡j‡gi w`‡K AMÖmi nq| †Ri“hv‡j‡gi †ZviY i¶vi jovB
K‡qKw`b a‡i P‡j| wKš‘ †kl ch©š— †`k †cÖwgK evwnbxi Zzjbvq
†ivgvb evwnbx A‡bK †ewk kw³kvjx cÖgvwYZ nq| Zuvi mKj
Abymvix wcQy n‡U hvq| GgbwK hxïi Nwbô wkl¨ivI cjvqb K‡i|
Zuvi mv‡_ gvÎ mvgvb¨ wKQy gvbyl Aewkó wQj| hxï AvZ¥‡Mvcb
Ki‡jb| †ivgvbiv Zv‡K Luy‡R †ei Kivi R‡b¨ e¨vcK Zj­vwk ïi“
K‡i|
hxïi †MÖdZvi, ÔwePviÕ Ges Ôµzkwe×Õ Kiv wb‡q GZ †ewk
ci¯úi we‡ivax I weåvwš—Ki weeiY cvIqv hvq †h Zvi ga¨ †_‡K
ev¯—‡e wK N‡UwQj Zv Rvbv AZ¨š— `y®‹i| Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB †h,
†ivgK miKvi ¯^ímsL¨K Bqvû`x‡`i AvbyMZ¨ I †mev jvf Ki‡Z
m¶g n‡qwQj| KviY †Ri“hv‡j‡g †ivgK kvmb Ae¨vnZ _vK‡j
G we‡kl gnjwUi ¯^v_© iw¶Z n‡Zv|
hxïi GK wkl¨ RyWvm BmK¨vwiqU (Judas Iscariot) hxï‡K
†MÖdZv‡ii Kv‡R mvnvh¨ Kivi wewbg‡q 30 wU †iŠc¨LÛ jv‡fi
cÖwZkÖ“wZ †c‡q †ivgK‡`i `‡j wf‡o hvq| †h †Kvb ai‡bi
†Mvj‡hvM Gov‡Z iv‡Zi †ejvq hxï‡K †MÖdZvi Kivi wm×vš—
†bqv nq| hxï †h ¯’v‡b Zuvi K‡qKRb m½xmn Ae¯’vb KiwQ‡jb
†mLv‡b †cuŠ‡Q RyWvm‡K hxï‡K Pz¤^b Kivi wb‡`©k †`Iqv nq hv‡Z
we‡`wk †ivgK ˆmb¨iv mn‡RB Zv‡K kbv³ Ki‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘
cwiKíbvwU fÛyj n‡q hvq| ˆmb¨iv AÜKv‡ii g‡a¨ w`kv nvwi‡q
†d‡j| `yÕRb‡KB AÜKv‡ii g‡a¨ GK iKg g‡b nw”Qj| ˆmb¨iv
fyj K‡i hxïi cwie‡Z© RyWvm‡K †MÖdZvi K‡i| Gi c‡i hxï
cvwj‡q †h‡Z m¶g nb|
G e¨vcv‡i cweÎ KziAvb gRx‡` ejv n‡q‡Q:
Zviv Zv‡K nZ¨v ev µzkwe× K‡iwb, wKš‘ Zv‡`i Giƒc weåg
n‡qwQj|
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 49
e›`x‡K hLb †ivgK wePviK wc‡jU- Gi mvg‡b nvwRi Kiv
nj, NUbvi bvUKxqZv mKj‡KB mš‘ó K‡iwQj| AwaKvsk Bqvû`x
Dj­wmZ n‡q D‡VwQj G Kvi‡Y †h A‡jŠwKKfv‡e wek¦vmNvZK
wb‡RB KvVMovq `Êvqgvb wQj, hxï bb| Ab¨w`‡K †ivgK‡`i
AbyMZ Bqvû`xiv Lywk n‡qwQj G Kvi‡Y †h RyWv‡mi g„Zz¨ n‡j
Zv‡`i Aciv‡ai cÖgvY wejyß n‡e| Dciš‘ †h‡nZz AvB‡bi `„wó‡Z
hxïi g„Zz¨ NU‡e †m Kvi‡Y wZwb Avi cÖKvk¨ AvZ¥ cÖKvk K‡i
Zv‡`i R‡b¨ †Kvb mgm¨v m„wó Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv|
†ivgK wePviK wc‡jU wePvi Kv‡R Kx f~wgKv cvjb
K‡iwQ‡jb Zv Rvbv hvq bv| evB‡e‡j ejv n‡q‡Q †h wZwb wm×vš—
nxbZvq fyMwQ‡jb| Bqvû`x †bZv‡`i cÖwZ Zvi c¶cvwZZ¡ wQj,
Ab¨w`‡K hxïi cÖwZI Zvi mnvbyf~wZ wQj| d‡j G e¨vcv‡i Ggb
GK Kvwnwb ˆZwi nq hv wek¦vm Kiv KwVb| Mm‡c‡ji †jLKiv
hxï‡K µzkwe× K‡i Zvi mKj `vq- `vwqZ¡ mgMÖ Bqvû`x RvwZi
Dci Pvwc‡q w`‡Z Ges hxïi Kw_Z g„Zz¨i `vq †_‡K †ivgK‡`i
gy³ Kivi †h †Póv Pvwj‡qwQ‡jb, Zvi djkÖ“wZ‡ZI cÖK…Z NUbv
Zvj‡Mvj cvKv‡bv n‡Z cv‡i|7 G †¶‡Î GKgvÎ c_ n‡Z cviZ
GB NUbv m¤ú‡K© Ggb GKwU miKvix weeiY hv †`wk kvmK‡`i
R‡b¨ ¶wZKi nZ bv Ges †mLv‡b KZ©…c¶ hv‡Z Amš‘ó ev µz× bv
nq †m R‡b¨ cÖK…Z NUbv cÖ‡qvRb †ev‡a wKQyUv Nywi‡q †jLv| Avi
ZrKvjxb cwi‡e‡k ïay G ai‡bi weeiYB wU‡K _vKv m¤¢e wQj|
AZGe GKwU kw³kvjx m~‡Î e¨vL¨v †`Iqv n‡q‡Q †h wc‡jU
30 nvRvi cvD‡Ûi mgcwigvY A_© Nyl MÖnY K‡ib| Mm‡c‡j hv
ewY©Z n‡q‡Q Zv hw` mZ¨ n‡q _v‡K Zvn‡j GUv wbwðZ †h †mw`b
†Ri“hv‡j‡g †h bvUK AbywôZ nq †mLv‡b wc‡jU GKwU we‡kl
gn‡ji ¯^v‡_© KvR K‡iwQ‡jb|
me©‡kl Avi GKwU Zvrch©c~Y© NUbvi K_v D‡j­L Kiv hvq|
wgki I Bw_Iwcqvi KwÞK Pv‡P©i mš—‡`i (Saints of the
50 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
Coptic Church) K¨v‡jÛvi¸‡jv †_‡K †`Lv hvq, wc‡jU I
Zvi ¯¿x Ômš—Õ (Saints) wn‡m‡e MY¨ n‡q‡Qb| GUv ïay ZLbB
nIqv m¤¢e hw` †g‡b †bqv hvq †h wc‡jU ˆmb¨‡`i fyj e¨w³‡K
†MÖdZvi Kiv m¤ú‡K© m¤ú~Y© AewnZ wQ‡jb Ges wZwb †R‡bï‡bB
RyWvm‡K g„Zz¨`Ê w`‡q hxï‡K cvwj‡q hvevi my‡hvM K‡i †`b|
evY©vev‡mi weei‡Y ejv n‡q‡Q †h, †MÖdZv‡ii mgq mªóvi
B”Qvq RyWvm hxïi †Pnvivq cwiewZ©Z nb Ges Zv GZB wbLuyZ
wQj †h Zvi gvZv I Nwbô AbymvixivI Zv‡K hxï e‡jB wek¦vm
K‡iwQ‡jb| RyWv‡mi g„Zz¨i ci hxï Zv‡`i Kv‡Q nvwRi bv nIqv
ch©š— Zviv eyS‡ZB cv‡ibwb †h cÖK…Zc‡¶ Kx N‡U †M‡Q| G
†_‡KB †evSv hvq, ZrKvjxb cwi‡ek I cwiw¯’wZ‡Z †Kb GB
weåvwš— N‡UwQj Ges †Kb †Kvb †Kvb †jLK G NUbvi eY©bv Ki‡Z
wM‡q NUbv¯’‡j Dcw¯’Z bv †_‡KI hxïi µzkwe× n‡q g„Zz¨i åvš—
K_v mg_©b K‡i †M‡Qb|
hxïi mv‡_ wek¦vmNvZKZvKvix e‡j D‡j­wLZ e¨w³ µzkwe×
n‡q g„Zz¨eiY K‡iwQ‡jb wKbv †m e¨vcv‡i mK‡jB m¤ú~Y© GKgZ
bb| †Mvovi w`‡Ki L„óvb‡`i g‡a¨ †mwibw_qvbm
(Cerinthians) I c‡i e¨vwmwjwWqvbm (Basilidians) hxïi
µzkwe× nIqvi K_v A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb| Zviv wek¦vm Ki‡Zb †h
hxïi e`‡j mvBwib Gi mvBgb (Simon of Cyrene) µzkwe×
n‡qwQ‡jb| wcUvi, cj I Rb Gi mgmvgwqK †mwibw_qvbm hxïi
cybi“Ìv‡bi K_vI ¯^xKvi K‡ib| †Mvovi w`‡Ki Av‡iKwU L„óvb
m¤úÖ`vq Kv‡c©v‡µwkqvbiv (Carpocratians) wek¦vm KiZ †h
hxï bq, ûeû Zuvi gZ †`L‡Z Zuvi GK Abymvix‡K µzkwe× Kiv
n‡q‡Q| PZz_© kZvãxi gvbyl c­vwUbvm (Platinus) e‡j‡Qb †h
wZwb Ôw` Rvwb©Õm Ae A¨v‡cvmjm, (The Journies of the
Apostles) bvgK GKwU MÖš’ cvV K‡ib hv wcUvi, Rb, A¨vÛªy,
Ugvm I c‡ji Kg©KvÊ m¤ú‡K© iwPZ n‡qwQj| Ab¨vb¨ wel‡qi
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 51
mv‡_ GLv‡bI ejv n‡q‡Q †h hxï µzkwe× nbwb, Zvi ¯’v‡b Ab¨
e¨w³ µzkwe× nq Ges hviv wek¦vm K‡iwQj †h Zviv µzkwe× K‡i
Zuv‡K nZ¨v K‡i‡Q, Zv‡`i wZwb Dcnvm Ki‡Zb|8 Gfv‡e †`Lv
hvq, hxï µzkwe× nbwb e‡j Rvbv †M‡jI †m Kv‡ji †jLKMY ev
HwZnvwmKiv hxïi ¯’‡j †K µzkwe× n‡q g„Zz¨eiY Ki‡jb Zvi
e¨vcv‡i gZcv_©‡K¨i wkKvi wKsev mywbw`©ó wKQy ej‡Z AcviM|
†KD †KD wKQyB wek¦vm Ki‡Z Pvb bv|
hLb †KD †ivgvb ˆmwbK‡`i †`Šiv‡Z¥¨i K_v eY©bv K‡ib
wZwb Av¶wiK fv‡eB Iì †U÷v‡g‡›Ui wbw`©ó K‡qKwU Aby‡”Q‡`i
cybive„wË K‡ib......... ZLbB cy‡iv welqwUB wbQK KíbvcÖm~Z
Avwe®‹vi e‡j m‡›`n †R‡M I‡V|9
evb©vev‡mi Mm‡cj (Gospel of Barnabas) I KziAvb
Qvov hxïi µzkwe× nIqvi ci Kx N‡UwQj, †m m¤ú‡K© †Kvb
HwZnvwmK †iKW© †bB| D³ evb©vev‡mi Mm‡cj I KziAv‡b G
NUbvi eY©bv i‡q‡Q hv‡K 4wU ¯^xK…Z Mm‡c‡jB
ÔEaŸ©v‡ivnbÕ(Ascension) e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv n‡q‡Q| hvi A_©
Zuv‡K c„w_ex †_‡K Zz‡j †bqv n‡qwQj|
52 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
Z…Zxq Aa¨vq
evb©vev‡mi Mm‡cj
evb©vev‡mi Mm‡cj hxï L„‡ói GKRb Nwbô wk‡l¨i †jLv Ges
Kvj cwiµgvq i¶vcÖvß GKgvÎ Mm‡cj| Gi iPwqZv evb©vevm
wQ‡jb hxïi AZ¨š— Nwbô mnPi Ges hxïi wZb eQi e¨vcx ag©
cÖPviKv‡j wZwb AwaKvsk mgqB Zuvi wek¦¯— mnPi wn‡m‡e wQ‡jb|
Gi d‡j wZwb hxïi ag©cÖPvi ¯^P‡¶ cÖZ¨¶ K‡i mivmwi AwfÁZv
I Ávb jvf K‡ib hv PviwU ¯^xK…Z Mm‡c‡ji iPwqZv‡`i KviI
wQj bv| hxï Ges Zvi wk¶v I wb‡`©k m¤ú‡K© wZwb KLb G
Mm‡cj iPbv K‡ib Zv Rvbv hvq bv| myZivs hLb †h NUbv ev
K‡_vcK_b msNwUZ n‡qwQj ZLwb A_ev hxïi EaŸ©v‡ivn‡Yi
ciciB Zuvi wKQy wk¶v cwiewZ©Z ev nvwi‡q †h‡Z cv‡i †f‡e wZwb
G Mm‡cj iPbv K‡ib, Zv my¯úó bq| m¤¢eZ Rb gv‡K©i (John
Mark) mv‡_ wZwb mvBcÖvm cÖZ¨veZ©b Kivi c~‡e© wKQyB iPbv
K‡ibwb| hxïi EaŸ©v‡ivn‡Yi wKQy w`b ci Uvim‡mi cj (Paul
of Tarsus) Gi mv‡_ m¤úK©‡”Q‡`i ci `yÕRb mvBcÖvm hvÎv
K‡iwQ‡jb| D³ e¨w³ evb©vev‡mi mv‡_ cybivq åg‡Y A¯^xK…wZ
Rvbv‡jI gvK© Zuvi mnhvÎx nb| Z‡e evb©vev‡mi Mm‡cj KLb
†jLv n‡qwQj Zv ZZUv ¸i“Z¡c~Y© bq| G Mm‡cjwUI Ab¨ PviwU
Mm‡c‡ji b¨vq wewfbœ fvlvq Abyw`Z I cwi‡kvwaZ n‡q‡Q| Z‡e
G MÖ‡š’i we‡klZ¡ nj †h GwU hxïi Rxeb I Kg© wel‡q GKRb
cÖZ¨¶`k©xi weeiY|
325 mb ch©š— Av‡jKRvw›`ªqvi PvP©¸‡jv‡Z evb©vev‡mi
Mm‡cj GKwU wMR©v Aby‡gvw`Z Mm‡cj (Canonical Gospel)
wn‡m‡eB ¯^xK…Z wQj| GUv mywew`Z †h hxïi Rb¥jv‡fi ci cÖ_g
I wØZxq kZvãx‡Z Zv cÖPvwiZ n‡Z ïi“ K‡i| Bivwbqv‡mi
(Iraneus, 130-200 mb) †jLvi Kvi‡YB GUv N‡UwQj| KviY
wZwb GKZ¡ev‡`i mg_©‡b †jLv‡jwL Ki‡Zb| wZwb c‡ji
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 53
(†cŠ‡ji) we‡ivax wQ‡jb Ges hxïi cÖK…Z wk¶vi g‡a¨ †cŠËwjK,
†ivgvb ag© I c­v‡UvwbK `k©‡bi wgkÖY NUv‡bvi `v‡q cj‡K
Awfhy³ K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb Zuvi g‡Zi mg_©‡b evb©vev‡mi evB‡ej
†_‡K e¨vcKfv‡e DׄwZ w`‡Zb|
325 m‡b wbwmqvi (Nicea) weL¨vZ KvDwÝj AbywôZ nq|
G‡Z wÎZ¡ev`‡K cjxq Pv‡P©i AvbyôvwbK ag©gZ wn‡m‡e †NvlYv
Kiv nq| GB wm×v‡š—i GKwU dj nq GB †h, †m mgq †h 3kÕi
gZ Mm‡cj we`¨gvb wQj, †m¸‡jvi ga¨ †_‡K PviwU‡K Pv‡P©i
Aby‡gvw`Z Mm‡cj wn‡m‡e g‡bvbxZ Kiv nq| Ab¨vb¨
Mm‡c‡j¸‡jv hvi g‡a¨ evb©vev‡mi Mm‡cjI wQj, m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c
aŸsm K‡i †djvi wb‡`©k †`Iqv nq| GQvov wneªy fvlvq wjwLZ
mKj Mm‡djI aŸsm Kivi wm×vš— †bqv nq| digvb Rvwi Kiv
nq †h Kv‡iv Kv‡Q Abby‡gvw`Z Mm‡cj cvIqv †M‡j Zv‡K
g„Zz¨`‡Ê `wÊZ Kiv n‡e| GwU wQj wÎZ¡ev‡`i we‡ivax hxïi g~j
wk¶v wejyß Kivi cÖ_g mymsMwVZ †Póv| Zv †m gvbylB †nvK Avi
MÖš’B †nvK| Z‡e evb©vev‡mi Mmc‡ji †¶‡Î G †Póv m¤ú~Y©
djcÖm~ nqwb| AvR‡Ki w`‡bI G MÖ‡š’i Aw¯—Z¡ eRvq _vKv
†_‡KB Zvi cÖgvY cvIqv hvq|
Wvgvmvm (Damasus, 304-384 mb) 366 m‡b †cvc nb|
wZwb digvb Rvwi K‡ib †h evb©vev‡mi Mm‡cj cvV Kiv DwPZ
bq| Kvqmvwiqvi wekc †Mjvmvm (Gelasus)- G digvb mg_©b
K‡ib| †Mjvmvm 395 m‡b ci‡jvK Mgb K‡ib| wZwb
ÔG‡cvµvBdvjÕ (apocryphal) MÖš’¸‡jvi †h ZvwjKv ˆZwi K‡ib
Zvi g‡a¨ G Mm‡cjwUI wQj| G‡cvµvBdv A_© ÒRb- mvavi‡Yi
KvQ †_‡K jywK‡q ivLvÓ| d‡j G Mm‡cjwU ZLb mnRjf¨ wQj
bv| Z‡e PvP© †bZviv Zv‡`i K_vq Mm‡c‡ji cÖm½ D‡j­L
Ki‡Zb| ev¯—‡e Rvbv hvq †h †cvc 383 m‡b evb©vev‡mi
54 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
evB‡e‡ji GKwU Kwc msMÖn K‡iwQ‡jb I Zv Zvi e¨w³MZ
MÖš’vMv‡i †i‡LwQ‡jb|
G Mm‡cj msµvš— wel‡q Av‡iv †ek wKQy digvb Rvwi Kiv
nq| 382 m‡b cvðv‡Z¨i PvP©¸‡jv Ges 456 m‡b †cvc B‡bv‡m›U
KZ©…K (Innocent) G Mm‡cj wbwl× K‡i digvb Rvwi Kiv nq|
496 m‡b M­vwmqvb digv‡b wbwl× MÖ‡š’i ZvwjKvq
‘Evangelium Barnabe’ I Aš—f©y³ nq| niwgmWvm
(Hormisdas) Gi digv‡bI (whwb 514 mb †_‡K 523 mb
ch©š— †cvc wQ‡jb) G wb‡lavÁv cybe©¨³ Kiv nq| we `¨
g›Udv‡Kv (B.de. Montfaucon, 1655-1741) KZ©…K cÖYxZ
P¨v‡Ýji †mMvBqvi (Chancellor Seguier, 1558-1672)-
Gi MÖš’vMv‡ii MÖxK cvÊywjwci K¨vUvj‡M G mKj digv‡bi D‡j­L
Kiv n‡q‡Q|
bvB‡m‡dviv‡mi (Nicephorus) Stichometry †Z I
wbæiƒ‡c evb©vev‡mi Mm‡c‡ji D‡j­L Kiv n‡q‡Q:
µwgK bs 3, evb©vev‡mi cÎvejx (Epistle of Bernabas)
... 1,300 cOw³|
Avevi Sixty Books- Gi ZvwjKv‡Z evb©vev‡mi Mm‡c‡ji
wbæiƒc D‡j­L i‡q‡Q:
µwgK bs 17| †cÖwiZ `~Z‡`i ågY I wk¶v|
µwgK bs 18| evb©vev‡mi cÎvewj|
µwgK bs 24| evb©vev‡mi Mm‡cj|
GB weL¨vZ ZvwjKv Index bv‡g cwiwPZ| L„óvbiv ciKv‡ji
wPi¯’vqx kvw¯—i f‡q G MÖš’¸‡jvi †KvbwUB cvV KiZ bv e‡j
aviYv Kiv nq|
d«v‡Ýi ivRvi MÖš’vMv‡ii cvÊywjwc mg~‡ni K¨vUvjM cÖ¯‘ZKvix
†Kv‡U‡jwiqvm (Cotelerius) 1789 m‡b cÖYxZ Index of
Scriptures- G evb©vev‡mi Mm‡cj‡K ZvwjKvf~³ K‡ib|
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 55
A·‡dvW© †ev`‡jBqvb jvB‡eªwii ev‡iv wmqvb (Baroccian)
msMÖ‡ni 206 Zg cvÊywjwc‡Z GB Mm‡c‡ji eY©bv i‡q‡Q|1
G‡_‡Ýi GKwU hv`yN‡i evb©vev‡mi Mm‡c‡ji GKwU LwÊZ Kwc
i‡q‡Q| MÖxK fvlvq Abyw`Z G KwcwU cywo‡q †djv GKwU
Mm‡c‡ji i¶vcÖvß Ask|
mgªvU †R‡bvi (Zeno) kvmbvg‡ji PZz_© eQ‡i 478 m‡b
evb©vev‡mi †`nve‡kl Avwe®‹…Z nq Ges Zuvi wb‡Ri nv‡Z †jLv
Mm‡c‡ji GKwU Kwc Zuvi ey‡Ki Dci ivLv Ae¯’vq cvIqv hvq|
1698 m‡b A¨v›UIqvc© (Antwarp) †_‡K cÖKvwkZ (Acta
Sanctorum (Boland Junii, Tome II)- Gi 422-450
c„ôvq Gi D‡j­L i‡q‡Q| †ivgvb K¨v_wjK PvP© `vwe K‡iwQj †h
evb©vev‡mi Ke‡i cÖvß Mm‡cjwU gw_i iwPZ| wKš‘ G KwcwU
cÖ`k©‡bi †Kvb e¨e¯’v †bqv nqwb| f¨vwUKv‡bi Ò25 gvBj j¤^v
jvB‡eªwiÓ Af¨š—‡iB Gi welqe¯‘ AÁvZ i‡q †Mj|
evb©vev‡mi Mm‡c‡ji †h cvÊywjwc †_‡K Bs‡iwR Abyev` Kiv
n‡q‡Q †mwU Av`‡Z wQj †cvc †m·Uvm (Sextus) 1589-90)
Gi Kv‡Q| d«v gvwi‡bv (Fra Marino) bv‡g Zuvi GK hvRK eÜz
wQ‡jb| wZwb Bivwbqv‡mi †jLv cvV K‡i evb©vev‡mi evB‡e‡ji
e¨vcv‡i AZ¨š— AvMÖnx n‡q I‡Vb| Bivwbqvm Zvi †jLvq
evb©vev‡mi evB‡ej e¨vcKfv‡e DׄZ Ki‡Zb| GKw`b gvwi‡bv
†cv‡ci mv‡_ mv¶vr Ki‡Z hvb| Zviv GKmv‡_ `ycy‡ii Avnv‡ii
ci K_vevZ©v ej‡Z _v‡Kb| G mgq †cvc Nywg‡q c‡ob| dv`vi
gvwi‡bv ZLb †cv‡ci e¨w³MZ jvB‡eªwii eB¸‡jv Ny‡i Ny‡i
†`L‡Z _v‡Kb| GK ch©v‡q wZwb evb©vev‡mi Mm‡c‡ji GKwU
BZvjxq cvÊywjwc Avwe®‹vi K‡ib| †mwU wb‡Ri Avj‡Lj­vi Avw¯—‡b
jywK‡q gvwi‡bv †cv‡ci evwo Z¨vM K‡ib Ges f¨vwUK¨vb †_‡K
P‡j hvb| wewfbœ †jv‡Ki nvZ Ny‡i cvÊywjwcwU Ae‡k‡l
56 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
Amsterdam G Ggb GK e¨w³i nv‡Z †cuŠ‡Q whwb wQ‡jb Ô¯^bvg
L¨vZ I ¶gZvkvjxÕ| wZwb Mm‡cjwU‡K AZ¨š— g~j¨evb e‡j g‡b
Ki‡Zb| Zvi g„Zz¨i ci Mm‡cjwU cÖ“wkqvi ivRvi GK mfvm`
†R, B, †µgv‡ii (J.E. Cremer) nv‡Z c‡o| 1713 m‡b
†µgvi weL¨vZ MÖš’‡cÖgx m¨vfq Gi hyeivR BDwRb‡K (Prince
Eugene of Savoy) cvÊywjwcwU Dcnvi †`b| 1738 m‡b
wcÖ‡Ýi m¤ú~Y© MÖš’vMv‡ii mv‡_ cvÊywjwcwU wf‡qbvi ndweewjI‡_K
(Hofbibliothek)- G †cuŠ‡Q Ges GLbI Zv †mLv‡bB Av‡Q|
†Mvovi w`‡Ki Pv‡P©i wewkó HwZnvwmK †UvjvÛ (Toland) G
cvÊywjwcwU cvV K‡iwQ‡jb Ges wZwb Zvi Miscellaneous
Works- G Gi D‡j­L K‡i‡Qb| 1747 m‡b Zuvi g„Zz¨i ci
MÖš’wU cÖKvwkZ nq| G Mm‡cj m¤ú‡K© wZwb e‡jb : ÒGwU
AvMv‡Mvov h_v_©B GK ag©MÖš’Ó (This is in Scripture Style
to a hair)| wZwb e‡jb:
ÒG ch©š— cÖvß Mm‡cj mg~‡n hxïi Kvwnwb wewfbœfv‡e ewY©Z
n‡q‡Q| we‡kl K‡i G Mm‡cjwU‡Z GB wfbœZv Av‡iv †ewk
j¶Yxq| g~j †_‡K wbKUZi wQj weavq †KD †KD Gi cÖwZ
AwaKZi AbyK‚j aviYv †cvlY Ki‡e| KviY †Kvb GKwU NUbv
msNwUZ nIqvi ciB ïay †m m¤ú‡K© mg¨K aviYv jvf Kiv hvq|
ZvB g~j NUbv †_‡K hZB `~‡i m‡i hvIqv nq ZZB Zvi Av‡e`b
n«vm cvq|Ó
G cvÊywjwci e¨vcv‡i †UvjvÛ (Toland) †h cÖPviYv Pvjvb
Zv‡Z me‡P‡q eo †h jvf nq Zv n‡jv GB †h, G cvÊywjwc‡K
Ab¨¸‡jvi fvM¨ eiY Ki‡Z nqwb| D‡j­L¨, ¯ú¨vwbk fvlvq
Av‡iKwU Mm‡cj GK mgq wQj| Mm‡c‡ji BZvjxq cvÊywjwcwU
†h mgq ndweewjI †_‡K †`Iqv nq †mB GKB mg‡q ¯ú¨vwbk
Mm‡cjwUI Bsj¨v‡Ûi GKwU K‡jR jvB‡eªwi‡K Dcnvi †`Iqv
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 57
n‡qwQj| inm¨RbKfv‡e †m cvÊywjwcwU Aš—wn©Z nIqvi A‡bK
Av‡M †_‡KB †mwU‡K Bsj¨v‡Û Luy‡R cvIqv hvqwb|
K¨vbb (Canon) I wg‡mm i¨vM (Mrs. Ragg) BZvjxq
cvÊywjwcwU Bs‡iwR‡Z Abyev` K‡ib| 1907 mv‡j A·‡dvW©
BDwbfviwmwU †cÖm KZ©…K Zv gyw`ªZ I cÖKvwkZ nq| inm¨RbK
fv‡e Gi cÖvq mKj KwcB evRvi †_‡K DavI n‡q hvq| Gi gvÎ
2wU Kwc GLb wU‡K Av‡Q| GKwU i‡q‡Q weªwUk wgDwRqv‡g Ges
Ab¨wU IqvwksU‡bi jvB‡eªwi Ae Ks‡MÖm-G| jvB‡eªwi Ae
Ks‡MÖ‡mi KwcwUi GKwU gvB‡µvwdj¥ Kwc msMÖn Kiv nq Ges Zv
cvwK¯—v‡b gyw`ªZ nq| evb©vev‡mi Mm‡c‡ji ms‡kvwaZ ms¯‹iY
cybg©y`ª‡Yi j‡¶ GB ms¯‹i‡YiB Kwc e¨envi Kiv nq|
GUv GLb mvaviYfv‡e ¯^xK…Z †h (Synoptic Gospels)
bv‡g cwiwPZ cÖ_g w`‡Ki 3wU ¯^xK…Z Mm‡cj c~‡e©i AcwiwPZ
GK Mm‡cj †_‡K bKj Kiv nq| GB AcwiwPZ Mm‡cjwU‡K G
Kv‡ji M‡elKiv fvj †Kvb bvg Luy‡R bv †c‡q ‘Q’ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ
K‡i‡Qb| cÖkœ Rv‡M †h, wbwl×K…Z evb©vev‡mi Mm‡cj Avm‡j GB
nviv‡bv Mm‡cj wKbv| ¯§iY‡hvM¨ †h 4wU ¯^xK…Z Mm‡c‡ji g‡a¨
cÖ_gwU whwb iPbv K‡ib †mB Rb gvK© wQ‡jb evb©vev‡mi †ev‡bi
cyÎ| hxïi mv‡_ Zuvi KL‡bvB mv¶vr nqwb| myZivs wZwb Zvi
Mm‡c‡j hxïi Rxeb I wk¶v m¤ú‡K© hv eY©bv K‡i‡Qb Zv wZwb
Aek¨B Ab¨ Kv‡iv KvQ †_‡K ï‡b‡Qb ev †R‡b‡Qb| wbD
†Uóv‡g‡›Ui MÖš’mg~n †_‡K Rvbv hvq †h cj I evb©vev‡mi mv‡_ eû
ag©cÖPvi welqK md‡i wZwb m½x n‡qwQ‡jb| cj I evb©vev‡mi
g‡a¨ Zxeª we‡iva m„wó bv nIqv ch©š— Zv Ae¨vnZ wQj| we‡iva
†`Lv †`qvi ci evb©vevm I gvK© GK mv‡_ mvBcÖvm Mgb K‡ib|
cjI KL‡bv hxï‡K †`‡Lbwb| myZivs Z‡_¨i R‡b¨ gvK© c‡ji
Dci wbf©i K‡iwQ‡jb, GUv n‡ZB cv‡i bv| GLv‡b GKgvÎ
hyw³msMZ wm×vš— GUvB †h gvgv evb©vevm hxï m¤ú‡K© Zv‡K hv
58 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
e‡jwQ‡jb, gvK© Zvi Mm‡c‡j †mfv‡eB cybive„wË K‡i‡Qb| †KD
†KD e‡jb †h gvK© wcUvi Gi †`vfvlx wn‡m‡e KvR K‡iwQ‡jb
Ges wZwb wcUv‡ii KvQ †_‡K hv ï‡b‡Qb ZvB wj‡L‡Qb| GUv
mZ¨ n‡Z cv‡i| evb©vevm I c‡ji mv‡_ gvK© hLb mdi Ki‡Zb
†m mgq Ab¨vb¨ ag© cÖPviKvix‡`i mv‡_ gv‡K©i Aek¨B mv¶vr
N‡U _vK‡e| hv‡nvK, ¸W¯úxW (Goodspeed) Zuvi M‡elYvq
†`wL‡q‡Qb †h wcUv‡ii KvQ †_‡K gvK© hv ï‡bwQ‡jb Zv
†Kvbµ‡gB m¤ú~Y© ev mgwš^Z wQj bv|
wZwb wQ‡jb wcUvi Gi GKRb †`vfvlx| hxï hv e‡j‡Qb ev
K‡i‡Qb e‡j wZwb ï‡bwQ‡jb †m¸‡jv mwVKfv‡e wZwb wj‡L‡Qb
hw`I Zv myk„•Lj nqwb| KviY wZwb KL‡bvB hxï‡K †`‡Lbwb ev
Zuvi AbyMgb K‡ibwb, wKš‘ c‡i wZwb, Avwg †hgbwU e‡jwQ,
wcUv‡ii mwbœav‡b Av‡mb| wcUvi hxïi e³e¨ †kÖvZv‡`i Dc‡hvMx
K‡i cÖKvk Ki‡Zb, wKš‘ hxïi ÁvbMf© evYx I Dc‡`‡ki
mymgwš^Z mymgwš^Z weeiY cÖ`v‡bi †Kvb cwiKíbv Zvi wQj bv|4
j~K, whwb †cÖwiZ‡`i Kvh© m¤ú‡K© wj‡L‡Qb wZwbI KL‡bvB
hxïL„ó‡K †`‡Lbwb| wZwb wQ‡jb c‡ji e¨w³MZ wPwKrmK| hxïi
mv‡Z gw_iI KL‡bv mv¶vr nqwb| gw_ wQ‡jb GKRb Ki
Av`vqKvix|
ejv n‡q _v‡K †h gv‡K©i Mm‡cjB ‘Q’ Mm‡cj| gw_ I j~K
Zuvi Mm‡cj e¨envi K‡iB wb‡R‡`i Mm‡cj iPbv K‡ib| hv
†nvK, gw_ I jy‡Ki eY©bv A‡bK wek` hv gvK© K‡ibwb| G †_‡K
g‡b nq, gv‡K©i Mm‡cjB Zv‡`i Mm‡c‡ji GKgvÎ Drm ev
Aej¤^b n‡Z cv‡i bv| †KD †KD e‡jb †h GUv ¸i“Z¡c~Y© bq,
†h‡nZz gv‡K©i Mm‡cj iwPZ n‡qwQj wneªy‡Z, c‡i Zv Abyw`Z nq
MÖxK fvlvq Ges MÖxK †_‡K j¨vwU‡b| gv‡K©i Mm‡c‡ji wneªy fvlvq
iwPZ Kwc Ges MÖxK fvlvq Ab~w`Z Kwc aŸsm n‡q †M‡Q| d‡j G
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 59
Mm‡cj GK fvlv †_‡K Ab¨ fvlvq Ab~w`Z nIqvi mgq KZUv
cwiewZ©Z ev ms‡kvwaZ n‡qwQj Zv ïay Abygvb mv‡c¶|
GLv‡b we‡kl fv‡e D‡j­L¨ †h Mm‡cj¸‡jvi ga¨Kvi ¯^-
we‡ivwaZvi e¨vcviwU cÖwZwôZ Pv‡P©i R‡b¨ wKQyUv weeªZKi cÖgvwYZ
nIqvq Mm‡cj¸‡jv mgš^q K‡i g~‡ji Kv‡Q cÖZ¨veZ©‡bi cÖ‡Póv
Pvjv‡bv n‡qwQj| cjxq PvP© †m¸‡jv‡K wØZxq kZ‡KB Zv‡`i
cÖvwZôvwbK ag©MÖš’ e‡j ¯^xK…wZ w`‡qwQj †mB 4wU Mm‡cj‡KB
mgš^q Kivi †Póv K‡iwQ‡jb UvBwkqvb (Titian)| GB Mm‡c‡j
UvBwkqvb R‡bi Mm‡c‡ji kZKiv 96 fvM, gw_i Mm‡c‡ji
kZKiv 75 fvM, j~‡Ki Mm‡c‡ji kZKiv 66 fvM Ges gv‡K©i
Mm‡c‡ji kZKiv 50 fvM, e¨envi K‡ib| evwK Ask wZwb
cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib| GUv Zvrch©c~Y© welq †h wZwb cyivZb Mm‡cj
¸‡jvi Dci mvgvb¨B Av¯’v †i‡LwQ‡jb Ges iwPZe¨ Mm‡c‡ji
Dci wecyjfv‡e wbf©i K‡iwQ‡jb| wKš‘ Zvi mgš^qK…Z Mm‡cj
mdj nqwb|
myZivs gv‡K©i Mm‡cj Ab¨ 3wU Mm‡c‡ji Awfbœ Drm n‡Z
cv‡i wKbv Zv weZ‡K©i welq| c¶vš—‡i GB 3wU Mm‡c‡j †h me
NUbv ewY©Z n‡q‡Q, evb©vev‡mi Mm‡c‡j †m¸‡jv i‡q‡Q|
G ai‡bi weZwK©Z †cÖ¶vc‡U GB 3 e¨w³ GKB Drm †_‡K
Zv‡`i Ávb AvniY K‡i _vKzb Avi bvB _vKzb, evb©vevm m¤ú‡K© G
Hkx wb‡`©‡ki K_v ¯§iY Kiv hvq :
hw` †m †Zvgv‡`i Kv‡Q Av‡m, Zv‡K ¯^vMZ RvbvI|
(K‡jwmqvb‡`i Kv‡Q cÎ (Epistle to the Colossians,
4t10)
60 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
PZz_© Aa¨vq
nvigv‡mi w` †kdvW©
nvigv‡mi Òw` †kdvW©Ó (The Shepherd) ev †gl- cvjK
MÖš’wU iwPZ n‡qwQj 88 †_‡K 97 m‡bi g‡a¨, Gwdmv‡mi Kv‡Q
c¨vUgm- G| evb©vev‡mi Mm‡c‡ji gZ G MÖ‡š’I Ck¦‡ii GK‡Z¡i
K_v e¨³ n‡q‡Q| G Kvi‡YB hLb cÖwZwôZ cjxq Pv‡P© wÎZ¡ev`
`„pfv‡e w¯’wZ jvf K‡i ZLb G MÖš’wU aŸs‡mi R‡b¨ mgwš^Z †Póv
Pvjv‡bv nq| G Qvov 325 m‡b wbwmqvi KvDw݇j M„nxZ wm×vš—
Abyhvqx †h mKj MÖš’ wbwl× Kiv nq, GwU wQj Zvi Ab¨Zg|
aviYv Kiv nq †h, Rb hLb Zvi Mm‡cj iPbv K‡iwQ‡jb, GKB
mg‡q Òw` †kdvW©Ó †jLv n‡qwQj| hw`I wKQy †jv‡Ki aviYv †h Òw`
†kdvW©Ó Rb- Gi Mm‡c‡ji Av‡MB iwPZ| hv‡nvK, gZcv_©K¨ hvB
_vK bv †Kb, GUv mZ¨ †h nvigvm wbD †Uóv‡g‡›Ui Aš—f©y³ 4wU
Mm‡c‡ji †KvbwUB †`‡Lbwb ev cvV K‡ibwb| †KD †KD g‡b K‡ib,
nvigvm wneªy‡Z iwPZ Mm‡cj Øviv AbycÖvwYZ n‡qwQ‡jb| D‡j­L¨,
cÖ_g w`KKvi G Mm‡c‡ji †Kvb mÜvb c‡i cvIqv hvqwb| Z‡e G
MÖš’wU Kxfv‡e †jLv n‡qwQj †m wel‡q nvigvm †h weeiY w`‡q‡Qb
Zv‡Z Gme aviYvi †Kvb mg_©b †g‡j bv|
wbwmqvi KvDwÝj AbywôZ nIqvi c~e© ch©š— hxïi †Mvovi w`‡Ki
Abymvix I f³MY KZ©…K G MÖš’wU e¨vcKfv‡e M„nxZ I e¨eüZ nq|
Zviv nvigvm‡K GKRb bex wn‡m‡e MY¨ Ki‡Zb| wØZxq kZvãxi
†kl bvMv` Av‡jKRvw›`ªqvi wK¬‡g›U (Clement) KZ©…K G MÖš’wU wbD
†Uóv‡g‡›Ui Ask wn‡m‡e M„nxZ nq| Awi‡Rb I (Origen, 185-
254 L„) G MÖš’wU‡K Hkx MÖš’ wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡ib Ges PZz_© kZvãx‡Z
e¨eüZ Codex Sinaiticus- Gi †klvs‡k GwU ¯’vb jvf K‡i|
G.wW UviUvwjqvb (A.D. Tertullian, 160-220 L„.) cÖ_‡g G‡K
MÖnY Ki‡jI c‡i Zv cwiZ¨vM K‡ib| Bivwbqvm (130-230) GwU‡K
ag©MÖš’ wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡ib| Kvqmvwiqvi BD‡mweqvm (Eusebius of
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 61
Caesaria) GwU cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib, wKš‘ G_vbvwmqvm (Athanasius)
367 m‡b GwU MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi hyw³ wQj †h bZzb ag©vš—wiZ‡`i
e¨w³MZ cv‡Vi R‡b¨ Òw` †kdvW©Ó AZ¨š— Dc‡hvMx| g¨vwbwPqvm
bvgK (Manichaeaus) bvgK cvi‡m¨i GK L„óvb e¨w³ GwU cÖv‡P¨
wb‡q hvb| `v‡š—I (Dante) wbwðZ fv‡e G MÖš’Øviv cÖfvweZ
n‡qwQ‡jb|
myZivs Òw` †kdvW©Ó wQj Ggwb GK MÖš’ hv †Kvb iK‡gB
D‡c¶Yxq wQj bv Ges Zv GKwU Hkx MÖš’ wn‡m‡e †m hy‡Mi L„óvb wPš—
vwe` I Ck¦i †cÖgx MY KZ©…K M„nxZ n‡qwQj| hxïi wk¶v‡K MÖxK
g‡bvfvevcbœ (Hellenise) Kivi Av‡›`vj‡bi ˆkke Ae¯’vq Ges
hLb hxïi eû AbymvixB m‡PZb wQ‡jb †h hxï Bqvû`x‡`i Kv‡Q gymv
Av. Gi cÖPvwiZ ag© cybi“×vi I we¯—v‡ii R‡b¨B G‡mwQ‡jb, ZLwb G
MÖš’wU iwPZ nq| hxïi b¨vq ZvivI wQ‡jb AvPviwbô Bqvû`x| wKš‘
hxïi Áv‡bi Av‡jv‡K Zv‡`i GZw`‡bi weågRwbZ AÜKvi
AcmvwiZ nq| Zviv GLbI Iì †Uóv‡g‡›U wek¦vm †i‡L‡Qb I
AbymiY Ki‡Qb| †h‡nZz Òw` †kdvW©Ó MÖ‡š’ Zviv hv Rvb‡Zb Zv e¨³
n‡qwQj †m Kvi‡Y Zviv nvigv‡mi MÖš’wU‡K Zv‡`i ag©xq MÖ‡š’i Ask
wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb|
†KD †KD hLb G g‡g© ej‡Z ïi“ K‡ib †h, †Kvb L„óv‡biB
Bqvû`x‡`i AvBb †g‡b Pjvi cÖ‡qvRb †bB ZLb wbD †Uóv‡g›U e‡j
cwiwPZ bq wjwLZ evB‡ej, bZzb wbqg Ges Iì †Uóv‡g‡›Ui g‡a¨
we‡iva †`Lv w`‡Z ïi“ K‡i| hv †nvK, Gme we‡iva m‡Ë¡I PvP© KZ©…K
Iì †Uóv‡g›U envj _v‡K| KviY Iì †Uóv‡g›U‡K mivmwi cÖZ¨vL¨vb
Kiv eû †jv‡Ki Kv‡QB ¯^qs hxï‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb wn‡m‡eB MY¨ nIqvi
m¤¢vebv wQj| Gi Awbevh© dj wn‡m‡e †`Lv †`q weåvwš—| GKB mv‡_
Iì †Uóv‡g›U‡K MÖnY I eR©‡bi cvkvcvwk wbD †Uóv‡g‡›Ui g‡a¨B ¯^-
we‡ivwaZv †`Lv †`q| †h‡nZz Zv cy‡iv‡bvwU‡K mivmwi cÖZ¨vL¨vb bv
K‡iB ÔbZzbÕ n‡qwQj| Z‡e Pv‡P©i †Mvovi w`‡K Gme MÖš’ Ges wewfbœ
62 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
gZev` I weeiY m¤ú‡K© wbwðZ nIqvi Rb¨ †m¸‡jvi Zzjbvg~jK
hvPvB I wePv‡ii †Kvb AvbyôvwbK D‡`¨vM †bqv nqwb| cÖ_g w`‡Ki
L„ó mgv‡Ri †bZ…e„›` Aev‡a Zv‡`i ¶gZv cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb Ges
Zv‡`i wePv‡i †hme MÖ‡š’ hxïi wk¶v fvjfv‡e Av‡Q e‡j g‡b nZ
†m¸‡jvi K_vB Zviv D‡j­L Ki‡Zb|
325 L„. wÎZ¡ev‡`i D™¢veb, Zvi iƒc †iLv cÖYqb I AvbyôvwbK
fv‡e MÖn‡Yi Kvi‡Y cjxq Pv‡P©i Kv‡Q G ai‡bi ¯^vaxbZv Avi
MÖnY‡hvM¨ wQj bv| 4wU ¯^xK…Z Mm‡cj wbe©vPb Kiv nq Ges hxïi
R‡b¥i c‡i wjwLZ mKj ag©xq MÖš’ wbwl× Kiv nq| hv †nvK, cjxq
Pv‡P©i †bZ…e„›`, hviv Zv‡`i inm¨gq ag©g‡Zi e¨vcv‡i m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c
mš‘ó wQj bv, hv Gmgq M‡o DVwQj Ges hviv wKQy wbwl× MÖ‡š’i
ˆeaZv ¯^xKvi K‡iwQ‡jb, Zviv Pv‡P©i bqv ag©g‡Zi mv‡_ mivmwi
we‡ivwaZv m‡Ë¡I G me MÖ‡š’i K‡qKwU‡K envj ivL‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb|
Gme MÖš’ GK‡Î R‡ov Kiv nq Ges †m¸‡jv ïay Pv‡P©i ¶gZvai
e¨w³‡`i e¨env‡ii g‡a¨B mxwgZ ivLv nq| G¸‡jv cwiwPZ
‘Apocrypha’ bv‡g hvi A_© nj ÒRbM‡Yi KvQ †_‡K jywK‡q
ivLvÓ| Gici †m¸‡jv evB‡ej †_‡K AcmviY Kiv nq| †h mKj
†jv‡Ki Kv‡Q G me MÖš’ cvIqv wM‡qwQj Zv‡`i mn MÖš’¸‡jv cÖKv‡k¨
aŸsm K‡i †djv nq| mvgvb¨ wKQy msL¨K Kwc gvÎ G aŸsmKvÛ †_‡K
i¶v cvq| evb©vev‡mi Mm‡c‡ji gZ nvigv‡mi The Shepherd-
Gi fv‡M¨I GKB cwiYwZ N‡U| MÖš’wU wbD †Uóv‡g›U †_‡KI ev`
†`Iqv nq| †h‡nZz G MÖš’wUi Kvi‡Y wÎZ¡ev‡` wek¦vm ¯’vc‡bi Rb¨
wb‡`©kcÖvß †jvK‡`i g‡b mskq †`Lv w`‡qwQj †m Kvi‡Y GwU
m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c aŸsm Kivi †Póv Pvjv‡bv nq|
Z‡e G mKj †Póv e¨_© n‡q‡Q e‡j cÖgvwYZ nq| G MÖš’wUi K_v
wewfbœ m~‡Î Dwj­wLZ i‡q‡Q| wKš‘ cvðv‡Z¨i †KD `xN©Kvj Zv cvV
Ki‡Z m¶g nqwb| AvKw¯§Kfv‡e 1922 L„. G MÖš’wUi GKwU Z…Zxq
kZvãxi c¨vwcivm cvÊywjwc Av‡jvi gyL †`L‡Z cvq|
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 63 64 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
†`Lv hvq †h nvigv‡mi e¨eüZ MÖxK wQj GKwU mnR fvlv| Kv‡iv m¤ú‡K© g›` K_v ej‡e bv Ges †KD ej‡jI Zv‡Z KY©cvZ
mvaviY gvbyl G fvlv eyS‡Z cviZ| GUv cwi®‹vi †h MÖš’wU mK‡ji Ki‡e bv|
K_v †f‡eB iwPZ n‡qwQj, MY¨gvb¨ eyw×Rxex‡`i R‡b¨ bq| Zuvi b¨vqwbô nI Ges gy³n‡¯— `vb Ki|
fvlv mij I N‡ivqv Ges Zuvi †gŠwjK cÖKvkf½x eBwU‡K mnR cvV¨ 3
K‡iwQj| mZ¨‡K fv‡jvevm|
nvigvm Zvi MÖš’wU ïi“ K‡i‡Qb Zvi †`Lv PviwU ¯^‡cœi weeiY 4
w`‡q| †kl ¯^cœwU‡K wZwb AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb cÖZ¨v‡`k cÖvwß e‡j cweÎ nI| ïay Kv‡R bq, wPš—vqI cweÎ n‡Z n‡e|
†h‡nZz G mgq †glcvj‡Ki †cvkv‡K mw¾Z GK ¯^M©xq `~Z Zuvi Kv‡Q 5
G‡mwQ‡jb| ¯^M©xq `~Z Zuv‡K ÁvZ K‡ib †h, Ôme©v‡c¶v m¤§vwbZ mwnòy I ˆah©kxj nI| Ck¦i ˆah©kxj wKš‘ kqZvb Amwnòy|
¯^M©xq `~ZÕ (A_©vr Mvweª‡qj) Zv‡K Zuvi Kv‡Q †cÖiY K‡i‡Qb| nvigvm 6
hZw`b RxweZ _vK‡eb ZZw`b wZwbI Zvi mv‡_ _vK‡eb| hv mZ¨ †mUvB wek¦vm Ki| hv mZ¨ bq Zv wek¦vm Ki bv| b¨v‡qi c_
Gici ¯^M©xq `~Z nvigvm‡K ÔmKj wb‡`©kvejx I ag©g‡Zi e¨vL¨vÕ mnR I mij wKš‘ Ab¨‡`i c_ euvKv| gvby‡li mv‡_ `yÕRb ¯^M©xq `~Z
wjwce× Kivi wb‡`©k †`b| †h‡nZz ¯^M©xq `~Z KZ©…K G¸‡jv wjwce× Av‡Q, GKRb b¨v‡qi wnmve iv‡L Ab¨Rb Ab¨v‡qi|
Kivi wb‡`©k †`Iqv n‡qwQj Ges D³ ¯^M©xq `~Z‡K wb‡`©k w`‡qwQ‡jb 7
Ôme©v‡c¶v m¤§vwbZ ¯^M©xq `~ZÕ †m Kvi‡Y ZrKvjxb L„óvbMY G MÖš’‡K Ck¦i‡K fq Ki I Zuvi Av‡`k †g‡b Pj|
Hkx MÖš’ wn‡m‡e MÖnY K‡i| 8
nvigvm †h me wb‡`©kvejx wjwce× Kivi wb‡`©k cÖvß n‡qwQ‡jb Ab¨v‡qi e¨vcv‡i wbR‡K mseiY Ki, Ab¨vq Ki bv| Z‡e b¨v‡qi
†m¸‡jv wbæiƒc : e¨vcv‡i wbqš¿Y Av‡ivc Ki bv| hv mwVK ZvB Ki| mKj Amr KvR
1 †_‡K wbR‡K mshZ Ki Ges mZ¨ c_ AbymiY Ki|
me©cÖ_‡gB wek¦vm Ki‡Z n‡e †h Ck¦i GK Ges wZwb mewKQy m„wó 9
K‡i‡Qb Ges †m¸‡jv‡K msMwVZ K‡i‡Qb, wZwb Qvov Avi †Kvb mªóv wb‡Ri gb †_‡K m‡›`n `~i Ki| †Kvb mskq Qvov Ck¦‡ii Kv‡Q PvI
†bB, wZwb me wKQy‡K aviY K‡ib wKš‘ wZwb wb‡R aviYK…Z bb| Ges Zzwg me wKQy cv‡e| Ck¦i gvby‡li b¨vq Cl©v civqY bb, wZwb
Zuv‡K wek¦vm Ki I fq Ki Ges Zuv‡K fq K‡i AvZ¥-mshgx nI| G ¶gvkxj Ges Zuvi m„wói cÖwZ Ki“Yvkxj| myZivs RvMwZK Me©- `¤¢
Av‡`k gvb¨ Ki Ges wb‡Ri mKj `yó cÖe„wË `~i Ki, Ges mr I †_‡K ü`q‡K gy³ Ki|
b¨vqcivqY nI| Av‡`k gvb¨ Ki‡j Zzwg Ck¦‡ii mvwbœa¨ jvf Ki‡e| 10
2 gb †_‡K `ytL‡eva `~i Ki, KviY Zv m‡›`n I †µv‡ai m‡nv`iv
wek¦¯— I mijgbv nI| ¯^iƒc|
11
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
†h fÊ bexi mv‡_ Avjvc civgk© K‡i †m g~wZ©c~RK I mZ¨ wePz¨Z|
nvigvm ¯^M©xq `~‡Zi Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z Pvb †h Kxfv‡e GKRb mZ¨ I
wg_¨v bex‡K †Pbv hv‡e| Rev‡e wZwb Rvbvb, whwb bex wZwb n‡eb
f`ª, bgª I webqx| wZwb mKj Amr KvR †_‡K weiZ _vK‡eb| Zvi
†Kvb RvMwZK AvK•Lv _vK‡e bv| wZwb wb‡Ri †Kvb K_v ej‡eb
bv... Ck¦i hLb PvB‡eb ZLwb wZwb K_v ej‡eb........ Ck¦i
me©kw³gvb|
GKRb wg_¨v bex wb‡RB wb‡Ri cÖksmv Ki‡e Ges wb‡Ri R‡b¨
D”Pvmb PvB‡e| †m n‡e `y`©vš—, wbj©¾ I evPvj| †m wejvm e¨m‡bi
g‡a¨ _vK‡e Ges Zvi bex‡Z¡i R‡b¨ cvwikÖwgK MÖnY Ki‡e| †Kvb
cweÎ AvZ¥v wK bex‡Z¡i R‡b¨ cvwikÖwgK MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ib? wg_¨v
bex mr †jvK‡`i cwinvi K‡i Ges bx‡P Zv‡`i mv‡_B mswk­ó _v‡K
hviv m‡›`n cÖeY I `vw¤¢K| †m Zv‡`i Kv‡Q me©`v g‡bviÄbKi wg_¨v
K_v e‡j| GKwU k~b¨ cvÎ Ab¨ k~b¨ cv‡Îi g‡a¨ ivLv n‡j †f‡O hvq
bv, eis Zv‡`i g‡a¨ cvi¯úwiK HK¨ I m¤úÖxwZ jw¶Z nq| GKwU
cv_i nv‡Z wb‡q AvKv‡ki w`‡K Quy‡o `vI, †`L Zv AvKvk Quy‡Z cv‡i
wKbv| RvMwZK e¯‘mg~n A¶g I `ye©j| Ab¨w`‡K Hkx kw³‡K MÖnY
Ki| GKwU wkjv ¶z`ª e¯‘, wKš‘ Zv hLb gvby‡li gv_vi Dci c‡o
ZLb KZ bv hš¿Yv †`q| A_ev †`L, Qv‡`i Dci †_‡K cvwbi †duvUv
gvwU‡Z c‡o wgwj‡q hvq| A_P GB cvwbi †duvUv c‡o c‡oB cv_‡ii
ey‡K MZ© m„wó nq| myZivs Hkx kw³ AZ¨š— kw³kvjx|
12
gb †_‡K mKj Amr B”Qv `~i Ki Ges mr I cweÎ B”Qvq gb‡K
mw¾Z Ki| Ck¦i gvby‡li ¯^v‡_©B we‡k¦ m„wó K‡i‡Qb| Ck¦i‡cÖg x e¨w³
me wKQyi AwaKvix n‡e| Ck¦‡ii GKRb `v‡mi gZ AvPiY Ki| hviv
Ck¦‡ii `vm, kqZvb Zv‡`i KeRv Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| kqZvb Zv‡`i
mv‡_ jovB Ki‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ cZb NUv‡Z cv‡i bv|1
65 66 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
cÂg Aa¨vq
evb©vevm I Avw` L„óvbMY
evb©vevm ev evi-†be kãwUi A_© Ômvš—¡bvi cyÎÕ ev Ô†cÖiYvi cyÎÕ|
evb©vevm wQ‡jb GKRb Bqvû`x| wZwb mvBcÖv‡m Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi
bvg wQj †Rv‡mm ev †Rv‡md| Zuvi evb©vevm bvgwU hxïi wkl¨‡`i
†`Iqv| hw`I 4wU Mm‡c‡j Zuvi m¤ú‡K© mvgvb¨B D‡j­L Kiv n‡q‡Q,
wKš‘ wbD †Uóv‡g‡›Ui Aš—f©y³ Ab¨vb¨ MÖš’ †_‡K cÖgvY †g‡j †h hxïi
Aš—a©v‡bi ci wZwb Zuvi wkl¨‡`i †bZv n‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb †mB e¨w³ whwb
m‡e©vcwi hxïi cÖK…Z wk¶v AweKj fv‡e wUwK‡q ivLvi cÖ‡Póv Pvjvb
Ges we‡kl K‡i Uvim‡mi cj mn Ab¨vb¨‡`i bZzb wKQy ms‡hvR‡bi
we‡ivwaZv K‡ib| j~K, whwb Ô†cÖwiZ‡`i Kvh©Õ (Acts of the
Apostles) wj‡LwQ‡jb, wZwb wQ‡jb c‡ji e¨w³MZ wPwKrmK Ges
wZwb c‡ji `„wófw½B e¨³ K‡i‡Qb| G †_‡KB eySv hvq †Kb wZwb ïay
c‡ji Kvwnwb eY©bv Ki‡Z wM‡qB evb©vev‡mi K_v D‡j­L K‡i‡Qb|
`yf©vM¨µ‡g cjxq PvP© GKmgq hLb wÎZ¡ev` MÖnY K‡i ZLb G
gZev‡`i we‡ivax mKj cÖgvY wbwðý Kivi †Póv Kv‡j The Travels
and teachings of the Apostles- Gi gZ MÖš’I aŸsm K‡i †djv
nq| d‡j evb©vevm I Avw` L„óvb‡`i m¤ú‡K© AwaKvsk MÖš’B wejyß nq|
wÎZ¡ev`‡`i GB bxwZi Kvi‡YB 4wU M„nxZ Mm‡cj †_‡K Avðh©RbK
fv‡e hxïi ag©cÖPvi Kvjxb mg‡q evb©vev‡mi D‡j­L cvIqv hvq bv| G
Kvi‡YB, j~‡Ki g‡Z hxïi Aš—a©v‡bi ci Zuvi wkl¨ I Abymvix‡`i
†bZ…Z¡`v‡bi †hvM¨Zv †h evb©vevm Qvov wØZxq Avi Kv‡iv wQj bv, †m
evb©vevm wb‡R, c‡ji mv‡_ gZwe‡iva I m½Z¨v‡Mi ciciB BwZnv‡mi
cvZv †_‡K nvwi‡q hvq|
hxïi ag©cÖPv‡ii †Mvov †_‡KB evb©vevm Zuvi m‡½ wQ‡jb| Zuvi
Mm‡cj †_‡K hxïi cÖwZ Zuvi AZzjbxq AvbyMZ¨ I fv‡jvevmvi cÖgvY
cvIqv hvq| evb©vevm ïay hxïi mve©¶wYK mnPiB wQ‡jb bv- wZwb Zuvi
gnvb wk¶v AvZ¥¯’ I ¯§iY †i‡LwQ‡jb| wZwb AZ¨íKv‡ji g‡a¨B
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 67
we‡kl L¨vwZ jvf K‡iwQ‡jb, KviY wZwb hxïi KvQ †_‡K jä wk¶v
Ab¨‡`i Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q w`‡Z m¶g wQ‡jb| hxïi wkl¨ I Abymvixiv Zuv‡K
bvg w`‡qwQ‡jb Zv †_‡K e³v wnmv‡e Zuvi kw³gËvi Bw½Z cvIqv hvq|
wZwb wQ‡jb mvš—¡bv I Drmv‡ni Drm| wZwb wQ‡jb wek¦¯— I D`vi|
hxïi mv‡_ mv¶v‡Zi ci wZwb Zuvi mKj m¤ú` wewµ K‡i †`b Ges †m
A_© hxïi Abymvix‡`i e¨env‡ii R‡b¨ cÖ`vb K‡ib| Zuv‡K †h me bvg
†`Iqv n‡qwQj wZwb Zvi me¸‡jv‡ZB cwiwPZ wQ‡jb| G †_‡K Zuvi
cÖwZ hxï I Zuvi wkl¨‡`i †øn I fv‡jvevmvi cwiPq †g‡j| hxïi wkl¨iv
RyWv‡mi ¯’‡j Ggb GKRb‡K wbe©vP‡bi wm×vš— †bb whwb GKev‡i R‡bi
`xw¶Z Kivi mgq †_‡K hxïi mve©¶wYK mnPi wQ‡jb| Zviv G R‡b¨
`yÕRb‡K g‡bvbxZ K‡ib| GKRb n‡jb †hv‡md hv‡K evb©vevm ejv
nZ| Zvi Avi GK bvg wQj Rvóvm (Justus) Ab¨Rb n‡jb : g¨vw_qvm
(†cÖwiZ `~Z‡`i Kvh© 1t 22-23)| hxïi RxebKv‡j Zuvi m½x wnmv‡e
wbD †Uóv‡g‡›U †h †hv‡m‡di K_v D‡j­L Kiv n‡q‡Q, wZwb evb©vevm Qvov
Avi †KD bb| KviY Gmgq ïaygvÎ Zv‡KB †hv‡md bv‡g WvKv nZ|
¸W¯úxW e‡jb, myZivs mKj m¤¢vebv hvi cÖwZ Bw½Z K‡i wZwb
evb©vevm, †Kbbv fqsKi wel cvb K‡iI Zvi †Kvb Amyweav nqwb| hw`
ZvB nq, Zvn‡j GUvB cÖZxqgvb nq †h evb©vevm hw` hxïi cÖ_g mvwii
12 Rb wk‡l¨i GKRb bvI n‡q _v‡Kb Z‡e cÖ_g 70 Rb wk‡l¨i g‡a¨
Aek¨B wZwb GKRb wQ‡jb| Avmj NUbv nj, hxïi g~j Øv`k wk‡l¨i
g‡a¨ cÖ_g wk‡l¨i gh©v`v jv‡fi h‡_ó †hvM¨Zv Zuvi wQj| Gi mg_©b
†g‡j wb‡æv³ NUbv †_‡K| hxïi gvZv †gix hLb g„Zz¨kh¨vq kvwqZ ZLb
wZwb 12 Rb wk‡l¨i mKj‡KB †W‡K cvVvb| hviv G‡mwQ‡jb, Zv‡`i
g‡a¨ evb©vevm wQ‡jb Ab¨Zg| Av‡jKRvw›`ªqvi wK¬‡g›U I (Clement
of Alexandria) me mgqB evb©vevm‡K 12 Rb wk‡l¨i GKRb
wn‡m‡e D‡j­L K‡i †M‡Qb| GgbwU n‡Z cv‡i †h hxï G‡mbx m¤úÖ`vq
KZ©…K jvwjZ cvwjZ n‡qwQ‡jb Ges Rvbv hvq †h evb©vevm †mKv‡ji
†Muvov Bqvû`xev‡`i †kÖôZg wk¶K Rvgvwj‡qj (Gamaliel)- Gi
68 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
GKRb QvÎ wQ‡jb| myZivs hxï evb©vev‡mi mv¶v‡Zi A_© wQj GB †h,
G‡mbx‡`i inm¨gq Aa¨vZ¥ev`x wk¶v I gw›`‡ii †Muvov Bqvû`xev‡`i
mgš^q N‡UwQj| wbtm‡›`‡n Zv Df‡qi †ga¨ m¤úÖxwZ m„wó‡Z Ae`vb
†i‡LwQj| †h‡nZz evb©vevm wQ‡jb GKRb †jfxq cy‡ivwnZ †m Kvi‡Y
wZwb ag©cÖvY †hv×v‡`i (Zealots) GKwU wWwfk‡bi KgvÛvi n‡q
_vK‡Z cv‡ib|
evb©vevm m¤ú‡K© Lye mvgvb¨B Rvbv hvq| me©‡kl HwZnvwmK
M‡elYvq ax‡i ax‡i Zuvi e¨vcv‡i AwaKZi ¸i“Z¡ Av‡ivc Kiv n‡”Q
†h‡nZz wZwb wQ‡jb hxïi mve©¶wYK mnPi| GLb GKUv wel‡q mK‡jB
GKgZ †h hxïi Ôjvó mvcviÕ ev †kl mܨv †fvR evb©vev‡mi †ev‡bi
evwo‡ZB AbywôZ n‡qwQj|
AvjevU© †kv‡qBURvi (Albert Sehweitzer) Òw` wKsWg Ae MW
A¨vÛ wcÖwgwUfwµwðqvb wewjdÓ MÖ‡š’ wj‡L‡Qb :
†cÖwiZ‡`i Kvh© (Acts) †_‡K G wm×vš— MÖnY Kiv hvq †h hxïi
wkl¨ I M¨vjxwji wek¦vm ¯’vcbKvixiv Rb gv‡K©i gv‡qi evwo‡Z wgwjZ
n‡qwQ‡jb whwb evb©vevm I c‡ji cÖ_g ag©cÖPvi md‡i Zv‡`i m½x
n‡qwQ‡jb (†cÖwiZ‡`i Kvh© 12t25) ... Zv‡`i mv¶v‡Zi ¯’vbwU wQj
Dc‡ii Ni A_©vr †hwU Qv‡`i wVK bx‡PB Aew¯’Z wQj| (†cÖwiZ‡`i Kvh©
1t 12-14)| hxïi mKj mnP‡ii Dcw¯’wZi d‡j †mwU wQj GK eo
mgv‡ek| GwU wQj †mB K¶ †h K‡¶ Bqvû`x‡`i ce© (Pentecost)
Dcj‡¶ GKB ¯’v‡b mKj wek¦vm ¯’vcbKvix GKÎ n‡qwQ‡jb
(†cÖwiZ‡`i Kvh© 2t1)| hxï †h ¯’v‡b Zvi wkl¨‡`i wb‡q Òjvó mvcviÓ
(Last Supper) G wgwjZ n‡qwQ‡jb, Zvi mv‡_ G ¯’vbwU wK K‡i
Awfbœ e‡j kbv³ Kiv †Mj?
hxï hLb †e_vbx (Bethany) †_‡K Zvi `yÕRb wkl¨‡K Zuvi Rb¨
Bqvû`x c‡e©i †fvR (Passover) Av‡qvR‡bi wb‡`©k w`‡q kn‡i †cÖiY
K‡ib, ZLb wZwb Zv‡`i e‡jb †h cvwbfiv Kjm enbKvix GK e¨w³
Zv‡`i mv‡_ mv¶vr Ki‡j Zv‡`i Zv‡K AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e| †mB e¨w³
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 69
Zv‡`i GKwU evwo‡Z wb‡q hv‡eb hvi Dci ZjvwU K¤^j weQv‡bv|
†mLv‡bB Zv‡`i Lvevi cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z n‡e| Avgiv GB g~j¨evb Z_¨wU
cvB gv‡K©i Mm‡cj †_‡K (gvK© 14 : 13-15), hvi Drm n‡jb Rb
gvK©| gw_ ïay GUzKz e‡j‡Qb †h hxï kn‡i KvD‡K Rvbv‡bvi Rb¨ `yÕRb
wkl¨‡K †cÖiY K‡ib- ÒcÖfy ej‡jb, Avgvi mgq dzwi‡q G‡m‡Q; Avwg H
evwowU‡Z wkl¨‡`i wb‡q c‡e©i w`b cvjb KieÓ (gw_ 26t8)
w_I‡Wvi hvqb †mB gZ †cvlYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg cÖ_g whwb e‡jb
†h hxï †h evwo‡Z †kl Lvevi MÖnY K‡ib Zv gv‡K©i gv‡qi evwowUi
mv‡_ Awfbœ wQj Ges †mLv‡b hxïi wkl¨iv M¨vjxwj †_‡K AvMZ wek¦vm
¯’vcbKvix‡`i mv‡_ wgwjZ n‡qwQ‡jb| 1
hw`I †kv‡qBURvi e‡j‡Qb †h †mB evwowU Rb gv‡K©i gv‡qi, wZwb
wKš‘ GK_v ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`bwb †h gv‡K©i gv wQ‡jb evb©vev‡mi †evb|
‡h‡nZz evb©vevm Zvi hv wKQy m¤ú` wQj Zvi meB wewµ K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jb,
†m‡nZz aviYv Kiv nq †h wZwb †Ri“hv‡j‡g _vKvi mgq Zvi †ev‡bi
evwo‡Z h‡_ó eo Ni wQj hv mKj wk‡li ¯’vb msKzjv‡bi Dchy³ wQj|
wbD †Uóv‡g‡›U G me welq my¯úófv‡e D‡j­wLZ bv nIqvi KviY m¤¢eZ
GUvB †h hxïi wkl¨iv Zv‡`i mv¶v‡Zi ¯’vb‡K †Mvcb ivL‡Z
†P‡qwQ‡jb| †Kbbv †mUv wQj Ggb GK mgq hLb wb‡R‡`i ag©
wek¦v‡mi Kvi‡Y Zv‡`i Dci wbh©vZb PjwQj|
GLb cÖkœ Rv‡M †h evb©vevm my&¯úófv‡e Zuvi †ev‡bi evwo‡Z †h
†Kvb mgv‡e‡ki †gRevb nIqv m‡Ë¡I M„nxZ 4wU evB‡e‡ji Ôjvó
mvcv‡iiÕ eY©bvq Zuvi bvg D‡j­wLZ nqwb †Kb? nq Zuvi bvg D‡j­wLZ
wQj wKš‘ c‡i AcmviY Kiv n‡q‡Q A_ev †mvRv K_vq wZwb †mLv‡b
Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb bv| GUv m¤¢e †h KvivMv‡i _vKvi Kvi‡Y †mLv‡b
Dcw¯’Z nIqv Zuvi c‡¶ m¤¢e wQj bv| wjwLZ eY©bvq †`Lv hvq,
eviveŸvm (Barabbas) bvgK GK e¨w³ GK`j †jvK wb‡q †ivgvb cš’x
Bqvû`x‡`i AvµgY K‡ib| Avi G msNl© N‡UwQj Bqvû`x ce© Dcj‡¶
Av‡qvwRZ †fv‡Ri AZ¨íKvj c~‡e©| G msN‡l© Bqvû`x‡`i †bZv wbnZ
70 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
nb, wKš‘ eviveŸvm AvUK nb I Zv‡K KvivMv‡i †cÖiY Kiv nq| G
msN‡l©i NUbvejx wek`fv‡e cix¶vKvix †nBbwiL njRg¨vb
(Heinrich Holtzman) e‡jb, †MÖdZviK…Z e¨w³‡`i g‡a¨ weL¨vZ
eviveŸvmI wQ‡jb whwb wQ‡jb wbwðZfv‡e GKRb †`k‡cÖwgK I GKRb
ivR‰bwZK ÔbexÕ| hxïi mv‡_ cÖvq GKB mgq ZviI wePvi AbywôZ nq|
2
†h‡nZz evb©vevm GKRb †jexq cy‡ivwnZ wQ‡jb Ges hxïi wkl¨‡`i
g‡a¨ wQ‡jb cÖavb, †m Kvi‡Y wZwb ag©cÖvY †hv×v‡`i GKwU wWwfk‡bi
cÖavb n‡q _vK‡Z cv‡ib| gi“ mvMi cuyw_ (Dead Sea Serolls)
†_‡K Avgiv Rvb‡Z cvwi †h, GB 4wU wWwfkb wQj G‡mbx m¤úÖ`v‡qi
Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask Ges Zviv we‡`wk AvMÖvmbKvix I Zv‡`i mg_©K‡`i
Kej †_‡K †`k‡K gy³ Ki‡Z A½xKvie× wQj| ïay GK`j ag©cÖvY
†hv×v‡`i c‡¶B †m mgq †ivgvb cš’x Bqvû`x‡`i Dci msMwVZ
AvµgY Pvjv‡bv m¤¢e| myZivs GUv n‡Z cv‡i †h eviveŸvm I evb©vevm
GK Ges Awfbœ e¨w³ wQ‡jb| GUv LyeB m¤¢e †h c‡ji Kvwnwbi Ask
bq Ggb †Kvb NUbvi mv‡_ RwoZ wn‡m‡e evb©vev‡mi bvg D‡j­L _vK‡j
cjxq PvP© Ab¨vb¨ ms‡kvabxi mv‡_ Zv nq AcmviY, bq cwieZ©b
K‡i‡Q| Zviv G cÖwµqv mKj †¶‡Î AbymiY Ki‡Z cv‡iwb, KviY wbD
†Uóv‡g‡›U evb©vev‡mi D‡j­L¨ i‡q‡Q| †cÖwiZ‡`i Kvh© †_‡K Rvbv hvq,
Pv‡P©i †Mvovi w`‡Ki w`b¸‡jv‡Z evb©vevm cj‡K †h mg_©b w`‡qwQj,
wZwb †mUv bv Ki‡j L„ó a‡g©i BwZnv‡m c‡ji †Kvb ¯’vb _vKZ wKbv
m‡›`n|
hxïi Aš—a©v‡bi ci Zvi wbKU Abymvix‡`i fv‡M¨ wK N‡UwQj, †m
e¨vcv‡i ‡Kvb weeiY cvIqv hvq bv| g‡b nq hxïi Kw_Z µzkwe×
nIqvi ci Zv‡`i A‡b‡KB wewfbœ w`‡K Qwo‡q c‡owQ‡jb| wKQyKvj
c‡i Zviv †Ri“hv‡j‡g Avevi R‡ov n‡Z ïi“ K‡ib| 12 Rb wkl¨ Ges
70 Rb Nwbô Abymvixi g‡a¨ KZRb wd‡i G‡mwQ‡jb Zv Rvbv hvq
bv| GUv wbwðZ †h hviv wd‡i G‡mwQ‡jb Zviv wQ‡jb wek¦vmx, Avš—wiK
I mvnmx Ges hxïi R‡b¨ Zv‡`i wQj myMfxi fv‡jvevmv| hxïi Nwbô
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 71
mnPi wn‡m‡e evb©vev‡mi Ae¯’vb wkl¨‡`i †QvU `jwUi g‡a¨ Zv‡K
wewkó K‡i Zz‡jwQj| Zviv Bqvû`x wn‡m‡eB Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Zb Ges
hxï Zv‡`i †h wk¶v w`‡qwQ‡jb Zv cvjb Ki‡Zb| Zviv bexM‡Yi
weavb AbymiY Ki‡Zb hv ÒaŸsm bq, cwic~Y© Kivi Rb¨BÓ hxï AvMgb
K‡iwQ‡jb (gw_ 5 : 17)| †m Kvi‡Y Zv‡`i Kv‡iv Kv‡QB hxïi wk¶v
bZzb †Kvb ag© wQj bv| Zviv wQ‡jb ag©wbô Bqvû`x Ges cÖwZ‡ekx‡`i
mv‡_ Zv‡`i cv_©K¨ wQj hxïi cÖPvwiZ evYx‡Z Zv‡`i wek¦vm| †Mvovi
w`‡Ki GB w`b¸‡jv‡Z Zviv wb‡R‡`i GKwU c„_K m¤úÖ`vq wn‡m‡e
msMwVZ K‡ibwb Ges Zv‡`i †Kvb wmbvMMI (Bqvû`x‡`i Dcvmbvjq)
wQj bv| gymv Av. cÖPvwiZ a‡g©iB Ae¨vnZ I cybe©¨³ iƒc| †h mKj
Bqvû`x gymv Av. Gi evYx‡K wb‡R‡`i ¯^v_© nvwm‡ji R‡b¨ e¨envi
KiwQj Ges hviv kw¼Z n‡q c‡owQj †h hxïi Abymvix‡`i mg_©‡bi
A_© n‡e Awbevh©iƒ‡c wb‡R‡`i m¤ú`, kw³ I Ae¯’v‡bi R‡b¨ ¶wZKi,
†m me Bqvû`x‡`i Kvi‡YB hxïi Abymvix I Bqvû`x‡`i g‡a¨ msNl©
ïi“ nq| D”P †kÖwYi Bqvû`xiv Zv‡`i we‡kl ¯^v_© I kZ kZ eQi a‡i
fvMK…Z my‡hvM myweav i¶vi R‡b¨ †ivgvb‡`i mv‡_ Pzw³‡Z Ave×
n‡qwQj| Gi d‡j Zviv GgbwK wb‡R‡`i ag© †_‡KI m‡i wM‡qwQj|
hv‡`i K_v I Kv‡Ri d‡j Zv‡`i K…ZKg© cÖKvk n‡q covi AvksKv
wQj, Ggb e¨w³‡`i Dci wbh©vZb Pvjv‡bvi R‡b¨ G me Bqvû`x
†ivgvb‡`i mwµqfv‡e mg_©b w`‡qwQj| ZvB †`Lv †hZ †h hxïi GKRb
Abymvix hLb Zuv‡K MÖnY K‡i‡Q, †mLv‡b GKRb Bqvû`x Zv‡K
cÖZ¨vL¨vb Ki‡Q| GKw`‡K †ivgvbiv Zv‡`i ivR‰bwZK kw³i cÖwZ
ûgwK e‡j Zv‡`i Zvov K‡i wdiZ, Ab¨w`‡K wb‡R‡`i Ôag©xq KZ©„Z¡Õ
Le© n‡e G AvksKvq Bqvû`xivI Zv‡`i Luy‡R †eovZ|
cieZ©x eQi¸‡jv‡Z hxï‡K ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z Awb”QyK Bqvû`x I hxïi
Abymvix‡`i ga¨Kvi e¨eavb e¨vcKfv‡e e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K| 70 m‡b
†Ri“hv‡jg Ae‡iv‡ai mgq hxïi Abymvixiv bMi Z¨vM K‡i| 132 m‡b
evi †KvqvPvev (Bar Coachaba) we‡`ªv‡ni mgqI GKB NUbv N‡U|
72 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
hxïi Avwef©ve Zuvi ˆewkó¨ I Ck¦‡ii mv‡_ m¤ú‡K©i welq
cieZ©xKv‡j wecyj Av‡jvPbv- e¨vL¨vi Drm n‡jI Zuvi Avw` Abymvix‡`i
g‡a¨ G me e¨vcv‡i †Kvb cÖkœ †`Lv †`qwb| hxï wQ‡jb GKRb gvbyl
whwb wQ‡jb GKRb bex Ges GgbB GK e¨w³ whwb Ck¦‡ii Kv‡Q †_‡K
A‡bK wKQy jvf K‡iwQ‡jb| Zviv †Kvb cÖkœ QvovB Zuv‡K MÖnY
K‡iwQ‡jb| hxïi K_vq ev c„w_ex‡Z Zuvi Ae¯’vbKvjxb Rxe‡b Ggb
wKQy wQj bv hv‡Z G aviYvi †Kvb e¨Z¨q nq| AvwióvBWm
(Aristides) Gi g‡Z, †Mvovi w`‡Ki L„óvbiv Bqvû`x‡`i PvB‡Z
A‡bK †ewk cwigv‡Y G‡Kk¦iev`x wQj|
GB wek¦¯— Abymvix P‡µi g‡a¨B Uvim‡mi cj ev †cŠj (Paul of
Tursus) wePiY K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb KL‡bvB hxïi mv‡_ mv¶vr K‡ibwb,
wKsev hxïi Nwbô wkl¨‡`i Kv‡iv mv‡_B wZwb mswk­ó wQ‡jb bv| eis
hxïi GKRb eo kΓ wn‡m‡eB wZwb cwiwPZ wQ‡jb| wZwb wó‡db
(Stephen) Gi cÖwZ cv_i wb‡¶c mZK© `„wó‡Z cÖZ¨¶ K‡iwQ‡jb|
wó‡db wQ‡jb ag© I cweÎ AvZ¥vq, (Holy ghost) c~Y© wek¦vmx
(†cÖwiZ‡`i Kvh© 6t 5) Ges †mB µgea©gvb msL¨K f³‡`i GKRb
whwb hxïi Aš—a©v‡bi ci Zuvi Abymvix‡`i mv‡_ †hvM w`‡qwQ‡jb| c‡ji
wb‡Ri wk¶K Rvgvwj‡qj wó‡db‡K i¶v Kivi †Póv Ki‡j Zv‡KI cv_i
Quy‡o nZ¨v Kiv nq| Rvbv hvq †h cj, hv‡K ZLb mj (Saul) e‡j
WvKv nZ, †m mgq Pv‡P©i wei“‡× cÖPÊ AZ¨vPvi Pvjv‡bvi R‡b¨ `vqx
wQ‡jb| wZwb wMR©v¸‡jv aŸsm K‡ib Ges N‡i N‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i bvix I
cyi“l‡`i †U‡b wnuP‡o †ei K‡i G‡b KvivMv‡i e›`x wn‡m‡e wb‡¶c
K‡ib (†cÖwiZ‡`i Kvh© 8 : 1-3)| c‡ji wb‡Ri ¯^xKv‡ivw³ :
ÒAvcbviv ï‡b‡Qb ......... wK cÖPÊ AZ¨vPvi Avwg Pvwj‡qwQ
Ck¦‡ii Pv‡P©i Dci Ges †m¸‡jv‡K aŸsm K‡iwQÑ Avwg Avgvi ¯^‡`kxq
A‡b‡Ki PvB‡Z Bqvû`x a‡g©i KvQ †_‡K jvfevb n‡qwQ, KviY Avwg
Avgvi c~e©cyi“l‡`i PvB‡ZI A‡bK †ewk ag©vÜ|
(MvjvZxqvÝ (Galatians) 1 : 13-15)
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 73
Ges †cÖwiZ cyi“l‡`i Kvh© 9t 41- G G m¤ú‡K© ejv n‡q‡Q :
cj hxïi Abymvix‡`i ûgwK cÖ`vb I nZ¨v Pvwj‡q †h‡Z _vK‡jb|
wZwb cÖavb cy‡ivwn‡Zi Kv‡Q †M‡jb Ges Zvi Kv‡Q `v‡gk‡Ki wmbvMM
¸‡jvi Kv‡Q wPwV wj‡L †`Iqvi Av‡e`b Rvbv‡jb hv‡Z hxïi Abymvix
KvD‡K cvIqv †M‡j Zv †m bvix ev cyi“l †hB †nvK bv †Kb, Zv‡K †hb
†Ri“hv‡j‡g wb‡q Avm‡Z cv‡ib|
GB `v‡gkK hvÎvc‡_ cj hxï‡K ¯^‡cœ †`‡LwQ‡jb Ges cwiYwZ‡Z
Zuvi Abymvix‡Z cwiYZ n‡qwQ‡jb e‡j Kw_Z Av‡Q|
Gme NUbvejx msNwUZ nIqvi wKQy w`b Av‡M cj †cvwcqv
(Ppea) bvwg GK gwnjv‡K we‡q Kivi B”Qv cÖKvk K‡ib| GB gwnjv
wQ‡jb Bqvû`x‡`i m‡e©v”P cy‡ivwn‡Zi AvKl©Yxq I D”PvKv•¶x Kb¨v|
wZwb cj‡K cQ›` Kiv m‡Ë¡I Zvi we‡qi cÖ¯—ve cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib I
†iv‡g wM‡q Awf‡bÎx nb|
g †_‡K av‡c av‡c Zvi DbœwZ n‡Z _v‡K Ges GK ch©v‡q wZwb
mgªvU bx‡ivi kh¨v ch©š— †cuŠ‡Q hvb| †kl ch©š— wZwb Zv‡K we‡q K‡ib
I †ivg mvgªv‡R¨i mgªvÁx nb| myZivs Bqvû`x I †ivgvb Df‡qi cÖwZB
c‡ji weZ…òv n‡q IVvi msMZ KviY wQj| g~jZ †cvwcqv KZ©…K
cÖZ¨vL¨vZ nIqvi ciB cj ag©vš—wiZ nb| †m mgq wZwb AZ¨š—
Av‡eMZvwoZ I gvbwmK wech©qKi Ae¯’vi g‡a¨ wQ‡jb| Bqvû`x a‡g©i
Ab¨Zg †kÖô mg_©K nIqvi cwie‡Z© wZwb †h GK weivU kΓ‡Z cwiYZ
nb Zvi †cQ‡b m¤¢eZ Zvi Rxe‡bi GB msK‡Ui GKwU f~wgKv wQj|
ag©vš—wiZ nIqvi ci cj `v‡gk‡K hxïi Abymvix‡`i mv‡_ Ae¯’vb
K‡ib Ges Òmivmwi wmbvMM¸‡jv‡Z Mgb K‡i hxï Ck¦‡ii cyÎÓ e‡j
cÖPvi Ki‡Z _v‡Kb (†cÖwiZ‡`i Kvh© 9 : 20)| Gi djkÖ“wZ‡Z wZwb
AZ¨vPv‡ii ¯^v` jvf Ki‡Z ïi“ Ki‡jb hvi mv‡_ wbKU AZx‡Z wZwb
wb‡RB RwoZ wQ‡jb| hw` wZwb hxïi eY©bv Ki‡Z wM‡q mZ¨B Zuv‡K
ÔCk¦‡ii cyÎÕ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i _v‡Kb, Zvn‡j m¤¢eZ Zv Bqvû`x‡`i
µz× K‡i †Zvjvq mnvqK n‡qwQj| †h‡nZz Zviv wQj Ck¦‡ii GK‡Z¡
74 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
wek¦vmx †m Kvi‡Y Ck¦‡ii GKwU cyÎ _vKvi aviYvwU Zv‡`i Kv‡Q AZ¨š—
N„Y¨ wQj|
Gici cj `v‡gkK Z¨vM K‡ib| wZwb hxïi Ab¨vb¨ Abymvix‡`i
mvnPh© mÜv‡bi cwie‡Z© Avi‡ei gi“f~wg‡Z Mgb K‡ib| †mLv‡b wZwb
3 eQi jywK‡q _v‡Kb| Lye m¤¢eZ G wbR©bev‡mB wZwb hxïi cÖPvwiZ
wk¶vi wfwˇZ wbR¯^ GKwU iƒc ˆZwii KvR ïi“ K‡ib| Gi g‡a¨ wQj
Bqvû`x AvBb cÖZ¨vL¨vb| hxï Zuvi Rxebe¨vcx GKRb AvPviwbô
Bqvû`xB wQ‡jb Ges wZwb gymv Av. Gi wk¶v‡KB me©`v mgybœZ
†i‡LwQ‡jb| wKš‘ cj G mZ¨‡K A¯^xKvi K‡ib|
gi“f~wgi wbR©bevm †k‡l cj †Ri“hv‡j‡g ag© cÖPviK‡`i Kv‡Q
AvMgb K‡ib| Zuvi AvKw¯§K AvMg‡bi NUbv we¯§q m„wói PvB‡Z
m‡›`n m„wó K‡i †ewk| cj hxïi Abymvix‡`i cÖwZ †h wbh©vZb
Pvwj‡qwQ‡jb, Zvi ¯§„wZ ZLbI Zv‡`i g‡b RvMi“K wQj| GKwU
wPZvevN wK Zvi kix‡ii `vM cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cv‡i? hxïi wkl¨‡`i
c‡¶ cj‡K Zv‡`i g‡a¨ MÖnY Kivi †Kvb KviY wQj bv| wZwb †h
Zv‡`i Dci wbh©vZb Pvwj‡qwQ‡jb ïay ZvB bq, wZwb Av‡iv `vwe
K‡iwQ‡jb †h hxïi wk¶v m¤ú‡K© wZwb ÁvZ A_P wZwb Zuv‡K †Kvb w`b
†`‡Lbwb I Zuvi mv‡_ KL‡bvB Ae¯’vb K‡ibwb| GgbwK hxïi Nwbô
wkl¨‡`i mv‡_I wZwb KL‡bv _v‡Kbwb| hxïi RxweZKv‡j hviv Zuvi
Nwbô mvnPh© †c‡qwQ‡jb, Zv‡`i KvQ †_‡K wKQy Rvbv I †kLvi e`‡j
cj Zv‡`i wk¶v cÖ`vb Ki‡Z PvB‡jb| cj c‡i MvjvZxq‡`i Kv‡Q
†jLv Zvi wPwVc‡Î Zvi G c`‡¶‡ci †hŠw³KZv eY©bv K‡i e‡jb :
fvBme, Avwg G g‡g© cÖZ¨qb KiwQ †h Avgvi Øviv cÖPvwiZ Mm‡cj
†Kvb gbyl¨ iwPZ bq| Avwg †Kvb gvby‡li KvQ †_‡K GwU jvf Kwiwb
wKsev †KD Avgv‡K GUv wk¶vI †`qwb, GwU nj hxïi cÖZ¨v‡`k †_‡K
cÖvß| (MvjvZxq 1 : 10-12)
Gfv‡eB cj hxïi mv‡_ wb‡Ri m¤ú„³Zvi `vwe K‡ib hv hxïi
RxerKvwjb Nwbô Abymvixiv cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡iwQ‡jb| cj Zv‡K †h wk¶v
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 75
†`qv n‡qwQ e‡j `vwe K‡ib Zv ¯^qs hxïi gyL †_‡K ag© cÖPviK‡`i
†kvbv wk¶vi mv‡_ wgwj‡q †`Lv nqwb| GUv †evSv hvq †h Zviv ag©vš—
‡ii e¨vcv‡i m‡›`n †cvlY K‡iwQ‡jb Ges Zvi Kw_Z ÒcÖZ¨v‡`kÓ †K
wbf©i‡hvM¨ e‡j MY¨ K‡ibwb| A‡b‡K m¤¢eZ m‡›`n K‡iwQ‡jb †h wZwb
hxï Abymvixi QÙ‡e‡k ¸ßPi Pvov Avi wKQy bb| 3 cj‡K MÖnY Kiv
n‡e wKbv G wb‡q GK wZ³ we‡iv‡ai m„wó nq Ges Gi djvdj wQj c~e©
wba©vwiZ| GgZve¯’vq Rvgvwj‡q‡ji QvÎ wn‡m‡e evb©vevm Zvi mncvVx
c‡ji c‡¶ n¯—‡¶c I cÖPviYv ïi“ K‡ib| hxïi Abymvix‡`i Zvi
mncvVx c‡ji c‡¶ n¯—‡¶c I cÖPviYv ïi“ K‡ib| hxïi Abymvix‡`i
me©m¤§Z we‡ivwaZv m‡Ë¡I wZwb cj‡K Zv‡`i Øviv MÖnY Kivb| G †_‡K
ag© cÖPviK‡`i Dci evb©vev‡mi cÖfv‡ei gvÎv Ges hxïi RxweZ _vKv
Ae¯’vq Zuvi mv‡_ Zvi myMfxi NwbôZvi Avfvm cvIqv hvq| cj
Aek¨B G K_v Dcjwä K‡iwQ‡jb †h ïaygvÎ evb©vev‡mi KZ©…Z¡ I
¶gZvi e‡jB wZwb M„nxZ n‡q‡Qb, wb‡Ri cÖ‡Póvq bq| Gi d‡j
m¤¢eZ wZwb Amš‘ó n‡qwQ‡jb| ZvB, G NUbvi ci ciB wZwb †h Zvi
wb‡Ri kni Uvim‡m wd‡i hvIqvi wm×vš— wb‡qwQ‡jb m¤¢eZ Zvi
Ab¨Zg KviY wQj GUvB| Aek¨ G K_vI Rvbv hvq †h Zvi Rxeb
wec`vcbœ nIqvi Kvi‡YB wZwb †Ri“hv‡jg Z¨vM K‡ib|
†ivgvb Bqvû`x‡`i wbh©vZ‡bi Kvi‡Y hxïi eû Abymvix †`‡ki
wewfbœ ¯’v‡b Qwo‡q wQwU‡q c‡ob| cj I Zvi Abymvix‡`i wbh©vZ‡bi
nvZ †_‡K †invB cvIqvi R‡b¨ ag© cÖPviK Gw›UI‡Ki (Antioch)
D‡Ï‡k¨ hvÎv K‡ib| ZrKvjxb †ivgvb mvgªv‡R¨ †ivg I
Av‡jvKRvw›`ªqvi ci Gw›UIK wQj Z…Zxq e„nËg bMix| GK mgq Zv
wQj MÖxK mvgªv‡R¨i ivRavbx Ges e¨emv I evwYR¨ †K›`ª wnmv‡e bMiwU
weKwkZ n‡qwQj| m¤ú‡`i cÖPv‡h© ùxZ RbMY wejvmx n‡q I‡V|
wkMwMiB Zv‡`i AatcZb N‡U Ges Gw›UIK ˆbwZKZvnxb RxebhvÎvi
bMix e‡j KzL¨vwZ jvf K‡i| GiKg GKwU bM‡i Mv‡q ïay K¤^j
Rov‡bv ¶z`ª GK`j AvMš‘K mnR, mij I mZZvc~Y© Ck¦i fxwZc~Y©
76 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
Rxeb hvcb ïi“ K‡i| ˆbwZKZvnxb Rxeb hvc‡b K¬vš— bMievmxiv
Zv‡`i cÖwZ AvK…ó n‡q wfo Rgv‡Z ïi“ K‡i| wKš‘ AwaKvsk †jv‡Ki
Kv‡QB Zviv wQj AeÁv I Dcnv‡mi cvÎ| Gme bMievmx Zv‡`i
ÔL„óvbÕ e‡j WvKZ| mvgvb¨ wKQy †jv‡Ki Kv‡Q G kãwU wQj kÖ×ve¨vÄK,
wKš‘ Ab¨iv G kãwU‡K N„Yv I AeÁv KiZ| G mgq ch©š— hxïi
Abymvixiv bvRvwiwb (Nazarene) bv‡gB cwiwPZ wQ‡jb| wneªy G
kãwUi g~j A_© Òi¶v Kiv ev ÔcÖniv †`Iqv|Õ G fv‡eB G we‡klYwU
hxïi wk¶vi i¶K I AwffveK wnmv‡e Zv‡`i f~wgKvi Bw½Z enb
KiwQj|
jvB‡ewbqvm (Libanius) e‡j‡Qb †h Gw›UI‡Ki Bqvû`xiv w`‡b
wZbevi cÖv_©bv KiZ, ÒbvRvwiwb‡`i Dci Ck¦‡ii Awfkvc †cÖiY Kiv|Ó
Ab¨ GK HwZnvwmK cÖ‡dix (Prophery), whwb memgq bvRvwiwb‡`i
we‡ivax wQ‡jb, wZwb Zv‡`i Rxeb c×wZ‡K Òee©i, bZzb I A™¢yZ ag©Ó
e‡jb eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| †mjmvm (Celsus) e‡jb, †R‡iv‡gi (Jerome)
g‡Z L„óvb‡`i ÒMÖxK fÊ I cÖZviKÓ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv n‡Zv| KviY
MÖxK gw›`‡ii cy‡ivwnZiv †h Avj‡Lj­v cwiavb Ki‡Zb ZvivI †mB GKB
MÖxK Avj‡Lj­v cwiavb Ki‡Zb|
hxïi Abymvixiv G ai‡bi we‡ivwaZvi m¤§yLxb nIqv m‡Ë¡I G A™¢yZ
bevMZ‡`i Kv‡Q †jvKR‡bi Avmv hvIqv Ae¨vnZ wQj Ges Zv‡`i
msL¨v µ‡gB e„w× cvw”Qj| Zv‡`i AvMÖn †`‡L DrmvwnZ n‡q Gw›UI‡Ki
hxï Abymvix‡`i Pvicv‡ki †cŠËwjK Rb‡Mvôxi g†a¨ mZ¨ evYx I hxïi
wk¶v cÖPv‡ii R‡b¨ GKRb ag© cÖPviK‡K †cÖi‡Yi R‡b¨ †Ri“hv‡j‡g
ag©cÖPviK‡`i Kv‡Q Lei †cÖiY K‡ib| hxïi wkl¨iv G Kv‡Ri R‡b¨
evb©vevm‡KB me‡P‡q Dchy³ e¨w³ g‡bvbxZ K‡ib| Gfv‡e evb©vevm
n‡jb L„óa‡g©i BwZnvm cÖ_g wgkbvwi ev ag© cÖPviK| evb©vevm Gw›UIK
Mgb K‡ib Ges AKíbxq mvdj¨ jvf K‡ib| Zvi cÖ‡Póvq Òeû msL¨K
†jvK hxïi cÖPvwiZ ag© MÖnY K‡iÓ (†cÖwiZ‡`i Kvh©, 11 t14)| Gi
KviY evb©vevm wQ‡jb GKRb mr †jvK Ges Ck¦i I cweÎ AvZ¥vq
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 77
`„pfv‡e wek¦vmx| GK eQi ci wZwb wm×v‡š— †cuŠ‡Qb †h Gw›UI‡Ki
evB‡i Zvi Kg©KvÊ cÖmvwiZ Kivi mgq G‡m‡Q| Zvi wbwðZ wek¦vm wQj
†h G Kv‡R cj Zvi fvj mvnvh¨Kvix n‡eb| wZwb Uvimm Mgb K‡ib
Ges cj‡K wb‡q wd‡i Av‡mb|4 Gfv‡e cj †mme †jv‡Ki Kv‡Q wd‡i
G‡jb hviv ZviB nv‡Z wbh©vwZZ n‡qwQj Ges wZwb cybivq ˆewiZv I
we‡ivwaZvi m¤§yLxb nb| Av‡iKevi evb©vevm n¯—‡¶c Ki‡jb Ges
Gw›UI‡Ki hxï Abymvix mgv‡R cj M„nxZ n‡jb| G NUbv †_‡K hxï
Abymvix mgv‡R evb©vev‡mi ¸i“Z¡ I gh©v`vi welqwU cybivq cÖgvwYZ
nq| g‡b nq, evb©vevm Zvi mv‡eK mncvVxi ïay fvjUzKzB †`‡L‡Z
†c‡qwQ‡jb Ges g‡b K‡iwQ‡jb, †h ag©xq Av‡eM I DÏxcbv cj‡K
GKRb AZ¨vPvix‡Z cwiYZ K‡iwQj Zv hw` hxïi ag©xq cÖPv‡ii Kv‡R
jvMv‡bv hvq Zv n‡j wZwb AmvaviY I Ag~j¨ Ae`vb ivL‡eb|
wKš‘ mKj hxï Abymvix G `„wófw½i mv‡_ GKgZ n‡Z cv‡ibwb|
wcUvi mivmwi c‡ji we‡ivwaZvq AeZxY© nb| c‡ji AZxZ
Kvh©Kjv‡ci K_v ¯§iY K‡i G ˆewiZv Av‡iv †Rviv‡jv n‡q DVvi
cvkvcvwk Av‡iv `yÕwU wel‡q gZ cv_©K¨ †`Lv †`q| hxïi wk¶v Kvi
KvQ †_‡K MÖnY Kiv n‡e Ges wk¶v †`Iqv n‡e †m e¨vcv‡i Zviv
GKgZ n‡Z cvi‡jb bv| wcUvi gZ cÖKvk K‡ib †h Bqvû`x‡`i Kv‡Q
cÖPvwiZ ag© cybi“¾xe‡bi Rb¨B hxïi AvMgb N‡UwQj| †m Kvi‡Y Zuvi
wk¶v ïaygvÎ Bqvû`x‡`i g‡a¨B cÖPvi n‡e| Ab¨w`‡K cj ïay †h
Bqvû`x I Ab¨‡`i mn mK‡ji Kv‡QB ag© cÖPv‡ii c¶ gZ cÖKvk K‡ib
ZvB bq, Dciš‘ e‡jb †h hxïi Aš—a©v‡bi ci wZwb Zuvi KvQ †_‡K
AwZwi³ wb‡`©kbv jvf K‡i‡Qb| wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb †h mgq I
cwiw¯’wZi `vwei mv‡_ hxïi wk¶vi cÖ‡qvRbxq mgš^q mvab Ki‡Z
n‡e| evb©vevm Dfq c‡¶i ga¨eZ©x Ae¯’vb MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb gZ
w`‡jb †h Zv‡`i ïay †m wk¶vB `vb Kiv DwPZ hv hxï wk¶v w`‡q
†M‡Qb| Z‡e wZwb e‡jb, G wk¶v Zvi Kv‡QB cÖPvi Kiv DwPZ hvi
G‡Z Kj¨vY n‡e Ges †h mvov †`‡e, †m Bqvû`xB †nvK Avi A-
78 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
Bqvû`xB †nvK| evb©vevm I wcUvi hxïi KvQ †_‡K †h wk¶v jvf
K‡iwQ‡jb Zv‡K Zviv Bqvû`x a‡g©i (Judaism) Ae¨vnZ I m¤úÖmvwiZ
iƒc wnmv‡eB MY¨ Ki‡Zb| Zviv ¯^qs hxïi KvQ †_‡K hv ï‡bwQ‡jb
Zvi mv‡_ c‡ji wk¶vi †hLv‡b wgj wQj bv, †m AskwU MÖnY Ki‡Z
cv‡ibwb| Zviv wek¦vm Ki‡Zb †h c‡ji bqv ag©gZ m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡cB Zvi
GKvš— wbR¯^ m„wó| AvjevU© †kv‡qBURvi (Albert Shweitzer) Zvi
ÔPaul and His InterpretersÕ MÖ‡š’ e‡j‡Qb †h, cj KL‡bvB Zuvi
¸i“i (hxï) evYx I wb‡`©k cÖPvi K‡ibwb|5
g‡b nq, evb©vevm Avkv K‡iwQ‡jb †h, G `yB Pigcš’x bgbxq n‡eb
Ges we‡kl K‡i cj hxïi Abymvix‡`i mvnPh© †_‡K hxïi wk¶vi c~Y©
Dcjwä I iƒcvq‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q AwR©Z Áv‡bi ¯^v‡_© wb‡Ri aviYv
cwiZ¨vM Ki‡Zb| c‡ji cÖwZ G ch©v‡q evb©vev‡mi mg_©b †h KZ
¸i“Z¡c~Y© wQj Zv ¯úó †evSv hvq| KviY evb©vevm ag© cÖPviKvix‡`i
me©m¤§Z we‡ivwaZvi gy‡L cj‡K AvkÖq cÖ`vb I i¶v K‡iwQ‡jb|
m¤¢eZ G Kvi‡YB evb©vev‡mi Rxe‡bi G ch©vqwU ag© cÖPviK‡`i
Kg©Kv‡Ê wek` fv‡e ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| †cÖwiZ‡`i Kvh©, 13 : 1-2 †Z
evb©vevm I c‡ji g‡a¨ m¤úK© wel‡q ejv n‡q‡Q :
ÒGw›UI‡Ki Pv‡P© evb©vevm I wm‡gI‡bi gZ KwZcq ag©¸i“ I
wk¶K wQ‡jb hv‡`i‡K mvBwi‡bi bvBRvi (Niger of Cyrene) I
gvbv‡q‡bi jywmqvm (Lucius of Manaen) e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nZ
hv‡`i †K †n‡iv` w` †UUªvK© (Herod the Tetrarch) Ges m‡ji
(Saul) mv‡_ cÖwZcvjb Kiv n‡qwQj| hLb Zuviv Ck¦‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨
cÖv_©bv I Dcevm Ki‡jb ZLb cweÎ AvZ¥v ej‡jb : evb©vevm I mj‡K
Avgvi †m Kv‡Ri R‡b¨ c„_K Ki †h Kv‡Ri R‡b¨ Avwg Zv‡`i AvnŸvb
K‡iwQ|Ó
Gme Abymvix‡`i bv‡gi ZvwjKvq j~K evb©vevm‡K cÖ_g I cj‡K
†k‡l ¯’vb w`‡q‡Qb| GK‡Î KvR Kivi R‡b¨ wbe©vwPZ nIqvi ci Zviv
evb©vev‡mi †ev‡bi cyÎ Rb gvK©‡K wb‡q hxïi wk¶v cÖPv‡ii R‡b¨ MÖxm
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 79
hvÎv K‡ib| †hv‡m‡di Ji‡m Rb¥jvfKvix †gixi cyÎ †Rgm‡K
Gw›UI‡K hxïi Abymvix‡`i cÖavb wbe©vwPZ Kiv nq| wcUviI †mLv‡bB
†_‡K hvb|
†cÖwiZ‡`i Kvh©-†Z (Acts) Av‡Q †h K‡qKwU ¯’v‡b Zv‡`i cÖwZ
cv_i wb‡¶c Kiv m‡Ë¡I G `yB ag© cÖPviK mvgwMÖK fv‡e mdj nb|
mZ¨vbymvix e¨w³ wn‡m‡e Zv‡`i L¨vwZ `~i- `~ivš—‡i Qwo‡q c‡o| Zviv
hLb jyKvIwbqv (Lucaonia) †cuŠ‡Q Ges GKRb c½y‡K †ivMgy³
K‡ib ZLb ¸Re Qwo‡q c‡o †h:
gvby‡li QÙ‡e‡k Ck¦iMY Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q †b‡g G‡m‡Qb| Zviv
evb©vevm‡K RywcUvi (Jupiter) bv‡g Ges cj‡K gvK©vwiqvm
(Mercurius) bv‡g AvL¨vwqZ K‡i| ZLb RywcUv‡ii cy‡ivwnZiv.....
Mi“ I gvjv wb‡q †ZviYØv‡i Gj Ges †m¸‡jv‡K RevB Kij| evb©vevm
I cj hLb GUv ïb‡Z †c‡jb, Zviv Zv‡`i †cvkvK †Qu‡o †d‡j Kuv`‡Z
Kuv`‡Z †jvKR‡bi Kv‡Q †`Š‡o †M‡jb| Zviv ej‡jb . †Zvgiv G me
Kx KiQ? Avgiv †Zvgv‡`iB gZ mvaviY gvbyl, Avgiv †Zvgv‡`i Kv‡Q
Ck¦‡ii K_v cÖPvi Ki‡Z G‡mwQ whwb ¯^M©, c„w_ex I mgy`ª mn
wek¦gʇji mKj wKQy m„wó K‡i‡Qb| (†cÖwiZ‡`i Kvh©, 14t11-15)
MÖx‡mi Awaevmx‡`i GB cÖwZwµqv hw` ¯^vfvweK n‡q _v‡K Z‡e Zv
wQj ev¯—e mgm¨vi Bw½Z enbKvix hvi m¤§yLxb n‡qwQ‡jb evb©vevm I
cj| GKRb cÖK…Z Bqvû`x hxïi wk¶v‡K gymv Av. Gi cÖPvwiZ a‡g©iB
cybe©¨³ iƒc e‡j Zvr¶wYK fv‡e ¯^xKvi Ki‡e| wKš‘ eû g~wZ©c~R‡Ki
Kv‡QB †mwU bZzb I A™¢yZ Ges wKQyUv RwUj e‡j g‡b n‡e| AwaKvsk
†cŠËwjK ZLb ch©š— eû Ck¦‡i wek¦vmx wQj| Zviv g‡b KiZ, Ck¦iMY
gvby‡li mv‡_ Aeva †gjv †gkv K‡i, Zv‡`i mv‡_ weevn e܇b Ave×
nq Ges gvbe Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU ch©v‡q wQj Zv‡`i GKRb Ck¦‡ii Abyiƒc
Ges G A‡_© Zviv hxï‡K MÖnY Ki‡Z m¤¢eZ cÖ¯‘Z wQj| †mLv‡b Av‡iv
GKRb Ck¦‡ii ¯’vb wQj| hv †nvK, hxïi cÖK…Z wk¶v Zv‡`i mKj
Ck¦i‡K bvKP K‡i †`q I GK Ck¦‡ii K_v e¨³ K‡i| eû cyZzj
80 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
c~Rvwii Kv‡QB G K_v MÖnY‡hvM¨ wQj bv| AwaKš‘, hxïi ag©wk¶vi
Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask wQj AvPiY wewa hv †KD AbymiY Ki‡Z PvB‡j Zuvi
RxebavivB cvj‡U †hZ| GUv GKRb Bqvû`xi c‡¶B m¤¢e wQj,
†cŠËwj‡Ki c‡¶ bq| Bqvû`x‡`i my`‡Lvi RvwZ wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nZ,
A-Bqvû`x‡`i mevB Zv‡`i cQ›` KiZ bv|
ÒBqvû`x bq Ggb Rbmgv‡Ri g‡a¨ Bqvû`x‡`i cÖwZ N„Yv GZB
cÖej wQj †h Zv‡`i †hŠw³K ev cÖ‡qvRbxq wKQy Ki‡Z †`L‡jI †h‡nZz
Bqvû`xiv †mUv Ki‡Q ïay †m Kvi‡YB RbmgvR Zv Ki‡Z A¯^xK…wZ
cÖKvk KiZ|6
†Kvb iKg Av‡cvk bv K‡i MÖx‡m hxïi cÖPvwiZ a‡g©i Abymi‡Y
Rxeb e¨e¯’v cÖwZôvq evb©vev‡mi gZ wbôv I `„pZv Avi Kv‡iv wQj bv|
cj BwZg‡a¨B hxïi wk¶v cwieZ©‡b Zvi B”Qvi K_v cÖKvk K‡iwQ‡jb|
wZwb GLb MÖxK Rbmvavi‡Yi i“wP Abyhvqx hxïi wk¶vi mgš^q mvab
AZ¨vek¨K e‡j g‡b Ki‡jb| MÖxm ZLb wQj †ivgvb mvgªv‡R¨i Ask|
†ivgvb †`eZv MÖx‡Ki †`eZv‡`i m‡½ mv`„k¨hy³ wQ‡jb Ges Zv‡`i
Dci wek¦vm ¯’vcb Kiv wQj MÖxK †`eZv‡`i cÖwZ wek¦vm ¯’vc‡bi gZB
GKwU åvš— aviYv| cj Gi Av‡M wKQy w`b †iv‡g KvwU‡qwQ‡jb Ges
wZwb †ivgvb bvMwiK wQ‡jb| m¤¢eZ †ivgvb Rxebaviv Zvi wbR¯^
wePvi‡eva‡K cÖfvweZ K‡iwQj| †ivgvb mvgªv‡R¨i g‡a¨ mvaviY
RbM‡Yi Dci †MÖ‡Kv- †ivgvb (Graeco- Roman) a‡g©i †Rviv‡jv
cÖfve m¤ú‡K© wZwb m‡PZb wQ‡jb| GUv my¯úó †h wZwb Dcjwä
K‡iwQ‡jb †h wb‡R‡`i wk¶vi cwieZ©b NUv‡bv Qvov Zv‡`i ag© ixwZ
cwieZ©b Kiv mnR n‡e bv| Ab¨ w`‡K evb©vevm Rvb‡Z †h Zvi mªóvi
B”Qv bq †h wZwb Zuvi AvB‡bi GK we›`ygvÎ weiƒc ev cwieZ©b K‡ib|
†m Kvi‡Y wZwb Zvi ag©g‡Zi †Kvb cwieZ©‡bi e¨vcv‡i Abo wQ‡jb|
L„óag© cÖPv‡ii G ch©v‡q weZ‡K©i cÖavb Drm Aa¨vZ¥ `k©b
(Metaphysical) m¤úwK©Z wQj bv| eyw×Rxex‡`i m~² hyw³, ZK© I
Pzj‡Piv- we‡k­l‡Yi weKvk Av‡iv cieZ©x Kv‡ji NUbv| evb©vevm I
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 81
c‡ji g‡a¨ †h me welq wb‡q gZ cv_©K¨ m„wó n‡q wQj Zv wQj gvby‡li
cÖvZ¨wnK Rxeb I Rxeb aviv m¤úwK©Z| cj Zuvi I evb©vev‡mi MÖx‡m
AvMg‡bi c~‡e© †mLv‡b cÖPwjZ I cvwjZ AvPvi cÖ_vi AvKw¯§K
cwieZ©b NUv‡Z B”QyK wQ‡jb bv| ZvB wZwb cïi †MvkZ nvjvj nIqv
m¤úwK©Z Ges cï Kzievwb wel‡q gymv Av. Gi cÖPwjZ weavb cwiZ¨v‡Mi
B”Qv †cvlY K‡ib| GgbwK wZwb LZbv msµvš— Beivwng Av. Gi
cÖwZwôZ wbqgI evwZ‡ji cwiKíbv MÖnY K‡ib| hxïi wk¶vi Gme
w`K cÖeZ©b I ev¯—evq‡bi ev¯—e mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb nIqvi †cÖw¶‡Z cj I
evb©vev‡mi ga¨Kvi e¨eavb we`~wiZ nIqvi cwie‡Z© Av‡iv e¨vcKZi
n‡q I‡V|
G ch©v‡q `yÕR‡bi g‡a¨ †h me gZcv_©‡K¨i K_v ejv n‡q‡Q,
m¤¢eZ Zv mwVK bq| cj I evb©vevm Df‡qB hxïi Rxebv`k© cÖwZôv
Ki‡Z wM‡q ev¯—e P¨v‡j‡Äi m¤§yLxb nb| G‡Kk¦iev‡`i wk¶v mg_©b
Kiv AZ¨vek¨K wQj| wKš‘ cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q †cŠËwjK‡`i AvPvi
AbvPi‡Yi PvB‡Z c„_K I ˆewkó¨gq AvPvi- AvPi‡Yi GKwU c×wZ
cÖwZôv Kiv cÖ‡qvRb wQj| ¯úóZB ˆ`bw›`b Rxe bvPv‡ii ga¨ w`‡qB
†mB ˆewkó¨gwÛZ AvPvi- AvPiY ch©vqµ‡g M„nxZ I AvZ¥K…Z n‡Z
cviZ| †Kvb †cŠËwjK m¤úÖ`v‡qi c‡¶B hxïi mKj wk¶v I AvPiY
ivZvivwZ MÖnY K‡i †djv m¤¢e wQj bv| cÖvß Z‡_¨ †`Lv hvq, cj I
evb©vevm †Kvb ¯’v‡bB `xN©w`b Ae¯’vb K‡ibwb| ¯^í mg‡qi g‡a¨ hxïi
mvgwMÖK wk¶v gvby‡li Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q †`qv Zv‡`i c‡¶ m¤¢e nqwb| †m
Kvi‡YB Zviv cÖ_‡g me‡P‡q ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welq¸‡jvi wk¶v cÖ`vb Ki‡Zb|
Zv‡`i B”Qv wQj, cieZ©xKv‡j wd‡i G‡m cybivq Zviv Zv‡Z ms‡hvRb
Ki‡eb Ges Av‡iv wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb Ki‡eb| evb©vevm †hLv‡b hxïi mgMÖ
wk¶v cÖPvi Ki‡Z AvMÖnx wQ‡jb, cj †mLv‡b cÖ‡qvRb gZ cÖPv‡ii
c¶cvZx wQ‡jb| KviY wZwb Zvi wb‡Ri †h bqv ag©gZ M‡o ZzjwQ‡jb,
†mLv‡b †m¸‡jvi Avi cÖ‡qvRb wQj bv| hv †nvK, Zviv †Ri“hv‡jg
cÖZ¨veZ©‡bi ci c„_K hyw³‡Z wbR wbR Kg©Kv‡Êi †hŠw³KZv cÖ`k©b
82 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
K‡ib| Zviv †hŠ_fv‡e †h me A‡jŠwKK NUbv NwU‡qwQ‡jb ZviI eY©bv
†`b| Zv m‡Ë¡I Zv‡`i gZ cv_©K¨ envj iBj Ges †kl ch©š — Zv‡`i
c_ c„_K n‡q hvq|
ejv n‡q _v‡K †h cj Rb gvK©‡K fwel¨r †Kvb md‡i mv‡_ †bqvi
welqwU cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib| Ab¨w`‡K evb©vevm Rb‡K Zv‡`i mdi m½x
Kivi e¨vcv‡i Pvc m„wó K‡ib| Avi G Kvi‡YB Zv‡`i g‡a¨ we‡f` †`Lv
†`q| †cÖwiZ‡`i Kvh©, 15t39-40Ñ G ejv n‡q‡Q, Zv‡`i g‡a¨ we‡iva
GZ Zxeª n‡q I‡V †h Zviv G‡K Ac‡ii KvQ †_‡K wew”Qbœ n‡q hvb
Ges Gi ci evb©vevm gvK©‡K wb‡q mvBcÖvm md‡i hvb †hwU wQj
evb©vev‡mi Rb¥f~wg| Rb gv‡K©i evb©vev‡mi mdi m½x nIqvi NUbv
†_‡K Bw½Z cvIqv hvq †h Zuvi I Zuvi gvgvi ag© wek¦vm GKB iKg
wQj| cj †h Zv‡K m½x ivL‡Z Pvbwb, m¤¢eZ GUv Zvi Ab¨Zg KviY|
evB‡e‡j G wel‡qi ci evb©vev‡mi D‡jL Kiv nqwb ej‡jB P‡j|
†KŠZ‚n‡ji welq †h †cÖwiZ‡`i Kvh©- G D‡j­wLZ Av‡Q, ÒcweÎ
AvZ¥vÓ (Holy Ghost) evb©vevm‡K g‡bvbxZ Ki‡jI cj Zv‡K
cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib| g‡b nq, cj Dcjwä K‡iwQ‡jb †h, Zvi Avi
evb©vev‡mi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| Zvi cÖ_g w`bKvi w`b¸‡jv‡Z hLb RvbvRvwb
n‡q hvq †h wZwb hxïi m½x wQ‡jb bv ZLb †KD Zvi Dci Av¯’vkxj
wQj bv| wKš‘ hLb wZwb L„óvb m¤úÖ`v‡qi g‡a¨ cÖwZôv jvf Ki‡jb,
ZLb welqwU Av‡Mi gZ _v‡Kwb| Zvi L¨vwZ GZUvB n‡qwQj †h wZwb
†Kvb fxwZ ev cÖZ¨vL¨v‡bi Avk¼v QvovB wb‡Ri ag©gZ cÖPvi Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb e‡j Dcjwä K‡iwQ‡jb| GgbwK hxïi wk¶v ewnf©~Z wKQy cÖPvi
Ki‡j evb©vevm Zvi we‡ivwaZv Ki‡Z cv‡ib, G ai‡bi m¤¢vebv‡KI
wZwb Avg‡j Av‡bbwb| Dciš‘ cj wQ‡jb GKRb †ivgvb bvMwiK| wZwb
Aek¨B †ivgvb‡`i fvlv wk‡LwQ‡jb| m¤¢eZ wZwb MÖxK fvlv‡ZI K_v
ej‡Zb| KviY wZwb †h GjvKvq Rb¥MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb, †mLvbKvi
miKvix fvlv wQj MÖxK| wZwb MÖx‡mi L„óvb m¤úÖ`v‡qi Kv‡Q †hme cÎ
wj‡LwQ‡jb Zv Aek¨B Zv‡`i gvZ…fvlvq †jLv n‡qwQj| Gi A_© wZwb
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 83
MÖxm I m¤¢eZ BZvwj‡ZI fvlvi †Kvb mgm¨v QvovB mdi K‡iwQ‡jb|
Ab¨w`‡K evb©vevm G `yÕfvlvi †KvbwUB ej‡Z cvi‡Zb bv| Rb gvK©
MÖxK fvlv Rvb‡Zb| ZvB, MÖx‡m evb©vev‡mi cÖ_g ag©cÖPvi md‡i wZwb
Zvi †`vfvlx wn‡m‡e KvR K‡iwQ‡jb| evb©vevm hw` †mLv‡b GKv
†h‡Zb, Zvn‡j Zvi K_v †KD eyS‡Z ev wZwbI Kv‡iv K_v eyS‡Z
cvi‡Zb bv| myZivs gv‡K©i mv‡_ md‡i †h‡Z c‡ji A¯^xK…wZ wQj
evb©vevm hv‡Z Zvi mv‡_ åg‡Y bv hvb, †mUv wbwðZ Kivi cÖqvm|
`yÕR‡bi c„_K n‡q hvIqvi e¨vcv‡i gš—e¨ Ki‡Z wM‡q g¨vKwMdvU© (Mc
Giffert) Zvi The History of Christianity in the
Apostolic Age MÖ‡š’ e‡j‡Qb :
evb©vevm, Bqvû`x bq Ggb Rbmgv‡Ri g‡a¨ hvi ag© cÖPv‡ii KvR
†Ri“hv‡j‡g ¯^xK…wZ jvf K‡iwQj.... Zvi wd‡i Avmv, wbR‡K c„_K K‡i
†bqv wQj GK Avðh© NUbv| mKj cÖKvi AvBb †_‡K L„óvb‡`i
gyw³`v‡bi c‡ji gZev‡`i cÖwZ evb©vev‡mi c~Y© mg_©b wQj bv.....
†cÖwiZ‡`i Kvh©-Gi G †jLK, cj I evb©vev‡mi g‡a¨ m¤úK©‡Q‡`i
NUbv‡K gvK©‡K wb‡q gZ cv_©‡K¨i cwiYwZ e‡j D‡j­L K‡i‡Qb, wKš‘
cÖK…Z KviY wbwnZ wQj Av‡iv Mfx‡i...... L„óvb wn‡m‡e c‡ji Rxeb
ïi“i ci †Mvovi w`‡Ki eQi¸‡jv‡Z c‡ji me‡P‡q Nwbô I Aš—i½
whwb wQ‡jb, wZwb evb©vevm| evb©vevm †Ri“hv‡j‡gi Pv‡P©i m`m¨
wQ‡jb......... Zvi eÜzZ¡ c‡ji R‡b¨ wQj A‡bK †ewk wKQy Ges
wbtm‡›`‡n Zv L„óvb‡`i g‡a¨ c‡ji mybvg I cÖfve e„wׇZ e¨vcK
Ae`vb †i‡LwQj| L„óvb‡`i g‡b hLb c‡ji wbh©vZ‡bi ¯§„wZ RvMiƒK
wQj †mB w`b¸‡jv‡Z evb©vevm c‡ji c„ô‡cvlKZv K‡iwQ‡jb|7
c‡ji cÖwZ evb©vev‡mi g‡bvfv‡ei cwieZ©b N‡UwQj c‡ji mv‡_
mdiKv‡j AwR©Z AwfÁZvi Kvi‡Y| cj Zvi gZ cwieZ©b Ki‡eb
Ges hxïi GKRb cÖK…Z Abymvix n‡eb e‡j evb©vevm †h Avkv †cvlY
K‡iwQ‡jb, cÖ_g md‡iB Zv Acm„Z n‡qwQj| m¤¢eZ, ïaygvÎ
Bqvû`x‡`i D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖPvwiZ ag© cÖPv‡ii †Póvi AmviZv Ges Zv †h
84 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
djcÖm~ n‡”Q bv, Zv Dcjwä Ki‡Z †c‡i evb©vevm Zv Z¨vM K‡ib| Z‡e
Zvi Av‡M ch©š— Rbmvavi‡Yi g‡a¨ hxïi ag© cÖPv‡ii †¶‡Î m¤¢vebv
cwijw¶Z n‡qwQj| wKš‘ †m †Póv Pvjv‡bvi ci ev¯—e AwfÁZvq †`Lv
hvq †h, Zv m¤¢e wQj bv| †m Zzjbvq Gw›UI‡K Zuvi mvdj¨ wQj A‡bK
†ewk| †Kbbv †mLv‡b RbmvaviY hxïi Abymvix‡`i Kv‡Q AvMgb K‡i
L„óa‡g© Zv‡`i ag©vš—i Kivi Aby‡iva Rvbvw”Qj| c¶vš—‡i wZwb I cj
MÖx‡m wM‡q †mLvbKvi Awaevmx‡`i L„óvb nIqvi AvnŸvb Rvbvw”Q‡jb|
evb©vevm mvBcÖv‡m wd‡i Avmvi ci Zvi Kx N‡UwQj †m e¨vcv‡i
†Kvb wjwLZ eY©bv cvIqv hvq bv| Z‡e Rvbv hvq †h bqv bexi wk¶vi
Abymvix Ab¨ eû e¨w³i gZ wZwb GKRb knx` wn‡m‡eB Bwš—Kvj
K‡ib| evB‡e‡ji eû c„ôv †_‡K evb©vevm‡K gy‡Q †djv m‡Ë¡I GUv
cwi`„ó nq †h wZwb L„óa‡g©i BwZnv‡mi Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask Ges we¯§„wZi
AZ‡j nvwi‡q hvevi gZ †KD bb| Pv‡P©i †Mvovi w`‡K wZwb hxïi KvQ
†_‡K hv wk‡LwQ‡jb Zv cÖKvk¨ mg_©b I wk¶v`v‡bi R‡b¨ †¯^”Qvq
GwM‡q G‡mwQ‡jb Ggb GK mgq hLb hxïi AwZ Nwbô wkl¨MYI hxïi
mv‡_ Zv‡`i m¤ú‡K©i K_v ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z fxZ wQ‡jb| hxïi cÖwZ
evb©vev‡mi AvbyM‡Z¨i welqwU Zvi kΓ- wgÎ mK‡jB ¯^xKvi Ki‡Zb|
hxï Zvi †ev‡bi evwo‡ZB Rxe‡bi †kl Avnvi MÖnY K‡ib Ges †m
evwowU hxïi Aš—a©v‡bi ci Zuvi Abymvix‡`i mv¶vr I mfv¯’j wn‡m‡eB
wQj| ag© cÖPviKvix I hxïi Ab¨vb¨ Abymvix‡`i Dci evb©vev‡mi
cÖfv‡ei cÖgvY †Lv` evB‡e‡jB i‡q‡Q| Zv‡K ejv nZ GKRb bex,
GKRb wk¶K Ges j~K Zv‡K GKRb ag© cÖPviKvix wn‡m‡eI AvL¨vwqZ
K‡i‡Qb| c‡ji cÖwZ Zvi mg_©b wQj cÖkœvZxZ| m‡e©vcwi Zuv‡K ¯§iY
Kiv nq Ggb GK e¨w³ wn‡m‡e whwb hxïi evYx m¤ú‡K© †Kvb Av‡cvk
ev cwieZ©‡b ivwR nbwb|
evb©vevm mvBcÖv‡mi D‡Ï‡k¨ hvÎv Kivi ci cj hv ïi“ K‡iwQ‡jb,
Zv Ae¨vnZ iv‡Lb| ZLb Zvi mv‡_ Ggb A‡bK L„óvb wQ‡jb hviv
`xN©w`b cj‡K ¯^xKvi K‡i †bbwb| cj Zvi `ye©j Ae¯’vb m¤ú‡K©
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 85
m‡PZb wQ‡jb| G mgq Zv‡K hxïi †cÖwiZ ag© cÖPviKvix e‡j
AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq| Aek¨ Zv‡Z hxï RxeÏkvq Zuvi mv‡_ Zvi mv¶vr
bv nIqvi mZ¨wUi †Kvb cwieZ©b nqwb| hw`I wZwb hxïi KvQ †_‡K
evYx jvf K‡i‡Qb e‡j `vwe K‡iwQ‡jb, Zv m‡Ë¡I Rbmvavi‡Yi g‡a¨
ag© cÖPviKv‡j hxïi m½x wQ‡jb, Ggb GKRb e¨w³‡K Zvi mv‡_ ivLv
cÖ‡qvRb wQj| KviY GKRb cÖZ¨¶`k©x m½x Zvi R‡b¨ GK Ag~j¨
mg_©b Ges Zvi hyw³i †¶‡Î AwZwi³ wek¦vm‡hvM¨Zv cÖ`vb KiZ| wZwb
wcUvi‡K Zvi mv‡_ †hvM w`‡Z ivwR Kivb|
GB `yÕe¨w³, hviv AZx‡Z wQ‡jb ci¯úi †Nvi we‡ivax, Zviv wK
K‡i, GKÎ n‡jb Zv GK we¯§qKi e¨vcvi| hv †nvK, cwiw¯’wZi
cwieZ©b N‡UwQj| A‡b‡KB cj‡K GKRb L„óvb wn‡m‡e †g‡b
wb‡qwQ‡jb Ges Zv‡K Avi m¤¢ve¨ ¸ßPi ev AZ¨vPvix wn‡m‡e MY¨
Ki‡Zb bv| MÖxK `vk©wbK I L„óvb‡`i Zxeª mgv‡jvPK †mjmvm
(Celsus) e‡j‡Qb †h Gw›UI‡K Df‡qi g‡a¨ gZ cv_©‡K¨i g~j KviY
wQj wcUv‡ii RbwcÖqZvq c‡ji Cl©v| wKš‘ c‡i c‡ji wb‡Ri L¨vwZ e„w×
cvIqvq wcUv‡ii cÖwZ Zvi Cl©vi Aemvb N‡U| Zv Qvov L„óvb‡`i cÖwZ
wbcxobI m¤¢eZ Zv‡`i `yÕRb‡K GK Kivi wcQ‡b KvR K‡iwQj| †m
mgq L„óvb‡`i cÖwZ †ivgvb I Zv‡`i mg_©K Bqvû`x‡`i wbcxo‡bi gvÎv
fqven iKg e„w× †c‡qwQj| BwZc~‡e© hxïi Kw_Z wePvi I µzkwe×
Kivi mgq Pv‡ci gy‡L A_ev Avï wec‡`i m¤§yLxb nIqvi Kvi‡Y hxïi
mnPi _vKvi K_v A¯^xKvi K‡i wcUvi Zvi `ye©jZvi cwiPq
w`‡qwQ‡jb| GLb wZwb hxïi evYxi wKQyUv i`e`‡ji e¨vcv‡i c‡ji
c`‡¶c AvMÖnf‡i mg_©b Ki‡jb| Avi Zv m¤¢eZ G Kvi‡Y †h G
ai‡bi cwieZ©b wbcxob‡K n«vm Ki‡e|
†mB w`b¸‡jv‡Z cwiw¯’wZ wQj GgbB †h hxïi evYxi cwieZ©b I
Zv‡Z bZzb wKQy ms‡hvRb Kiv nj hv‡Z Zv A-Bqvû`x‡`i Kv‡Q
MÖnY‡hvM¨ nq, Dciš‘ Zv †hb †`‡ki KZ©…c‡¶i cÖwZ AvµgYvZ¥K ev
ûgwK RbK bv nq| wek¦- RM‡Zi mªóvi weav‡bi mv‡_ msMwZc~Y© †nvK
86 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
ev bv †nvK, kvmKMY I Zv‡`i AvB‡bi cÖwZ AKzÉ mg_©b Rvwb‡q
cÖYxZ GB bxwZi K_v wcUv‡ii cÖ_g c‡Î (3t 13-18) wea„Z i‡q‡Q.
Ck¦‡ii †`vnvB, †Zvgiv gvby‡li AvBb gvb¨ Ki: m‡e©v”P ¶gZvkvjx
wn‡m‡e ivRv ev Mfb©i hviB †m AvBb †nvK bv †Kb, †Zvgiv Zv gvb¨
Ki hv Ab¨vqKvix‡`i kvw¯—`v‡bi R‡b¨ Ges kvmK‡`i cÖksmvi R‡b¨
cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q, Zv‡Z i‡q‡Q Kj¨vY| GUvB Ck¦‡ii B”Qv| G fv‡eB
†Zvgiv g~L© e¨w³‡`i g~L©Zv †_‡K gy³ n‡Z cvi‡e| †Zvgiv †Zvgv‡`i
¯^vaxbZv‡K we‡Øl civqYZvi R‡b¨ e¨envi Kibv| Ck¦‡ii f„Z¨ †Zvgiv
mKj gvbyl‡K m¤§vb Ki| gvbyl‡K fv‡jvevm| Ck¦i‡K fq Ki|
ivRv‡K m¤§vb Ki| f„Z¨MY! Aš—‡i fxwZmn cÖfyi AbyMZ nI, ïay fvj
I mr †jvK‡`i cÖwZB bq, Ab¨vqKvix‡`i cÖwZI|
cj wcUv‡ii mv‡_ cwð‡g ågY K‡iwQ‡jb| Avš—wiKZv Qvov I
evb©vev‡mi cÖfve `gb K‡i Zviv bqv ag©gZ Ges Av‡cvmidv wn‡m‡e
ms‡hvRbK…Z AvPiY I e¨envi wewai †¶‡Î wZwb Aek¨B ¯^í
cÖwZ‡iv‡ai m¤§yLxb n‡qwQ‡jb| †ivwgq 16t20-21- G wZwb e‡j‡Qb:
nu¨v, Gfv‡eB Avwg Mm‡cj cÖPv‡ii R‡b¨ msMÖvg K‡iwQ, †hLv‡b
L„‡ói bvg †bB, hv‡Z Avgv‡K Ab¨ Kv‡iv wfwËi Dci wbg©vY Ki‡Z bv
nq| eis †hgbwU wjwce× i‡q‡Q : hv‡`i Kv‡Q wZwb evYx cÖPvi K‡ibwb
Zviv †`L‡e Ges Zviv hv †kv‡bwb Zv eyS‡Z cvi‡e|
cj hw` hxïi cÖK…Z wk¶v cÖPvi Ki‡Zb Zv n‡j Ab¨ e¨w³i wfwË
wVK Zvi gZB nZ| Zviv Df‡q GKB KvVv‡gv wbg©v‡Y wb‡qvwRZ
wQ‡jb| †h me †jvK cÖ_gev‡ii gZ c‡ji gyL †_‡K hxï ev L„‡ói K_v
Rvb‡Z ev ïb‡Z cviwQj, Zv‡`i c‡¶ †hme ag©cÖPviKvix ZLbI hxïi
wk¶v aviY K‡iwQ‡jb, Zvi mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i †`Lv m¤¢e wQj bv| Kvh©Z
Zviv hv RvbwQj, Zv wQj ïay c‡ji wk¶v|
cj Zvi wb‡Ri evYx cÖPv‡ii †¶‡Î Av‡àv‡jvm bvgK
Av‡jKRvw›`ªqv †_‡K AvMZ GK Ávbx Bqvû`xi e¨vcK mvnvh¨ jvf
K‡ib| wZwb Rbmvavi‡Yi g‡a¨ c‡ji gZev` cÖPv‡i wecyj mvdj¨ jvf
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 87
K‡ib| ejv nZ, cj Pviv †ivcY K‡iwQ‡jb Ges Av‡àv‡jvm
(Appolos) Zv‡Z cvwb wmÂb K‡iwQ‡jb| †kl ch©š— GgbwK
Av‡àv‡jvmI c‡ji mKj ag©xq D™¢veb †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡ibwb Ges
evb©vev‡mi gZ wZwbI Zvi mv‡_ m¤úK© wQbœ K‡ib|
cj hxïi wk¶v †_‡K µgkB †ewk K‡i `~‡i m‡i †h‡Z _v‡Kb
Ges wZwb ¯^‡cœ hvi mv‡_ mv¶vr K‡iwQ‡jb e‡j `vwe K‡ib †mB L„‡ói
cÖwZ AwaKZi nv‡i ¸i“Z¡ Av‡ivc Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡ib| hxïi a‡g©i
cwieZ©b mva‡bi Awf‡hv‡M hviv Zv‡K Awfhy³ K‡ib Zv‡`i wei“‡×
Zvi hyw³ wQj GB †h, wZwb hv cÖPvi Ki‡Qb Zvi g~j nj hxïi KvQ
†_‡K mivmwi jvf Kiv cÖZ¨v‡`k| GwU cj‡K Hkx KZ©…Z¡ cÖ`vb
K‡iwQj| GB KZ©…‡Z¡i myev‡` wZwb `vwe K‡ib †h Mm‡c‡ji Avkxe©v`
ïay Bqvû`x‡`i Rb¨ bq, eis hviv G‡Z wek¦vm Ki‡e Zv‡`i mK‡ji
R‡b¨B| Dciš‘ wZwb GK_vI e‡jb †h, gymvi a‡g©i Pvwn`vmg~n ïay
AcÖ‡qvRbxqB bq, Zv Ck¦‡ii KvQ †_‡K Zvi Kv‡Q mivmwi †h cÖZ¨v‡`k
n‡q‡Q Zvi we‡ivaxI e‡U| wZwb e‡jb, Avm‡j G¸‡jv Awfkvc|
Gfv‡e cj hxïi Abymvix‡`i mn mKj Bqvû`x‡KB µz× K‡i Zzj‡jb|
KviY wZwb Zv‡`i Dfq ÔbexÕiB wei“×vPiY KiwQ‡jb| G †_‡K †evSv
hvq †h †Kb wZwb ïay Zv‡`i g‡a¨B Zvi wk¶v cÖPvi KiwQ‡jb hviv
Bqvû`x‡`i N„Yv KiZ Ges hxïi mZ¨ m¤ú‡K© AeMZ wQj bv|
cj wb‡æv³ e³‡e¨i ga¨ w`‡q Zvi gZev‡`i †hŠw³KZv cÖgv‡Yi
†Póv K‡i‡Qb:
fvBme, †Zvgiv wK Rvb bv (Avwg weavb m¤ú‡K© ÁvZ †jvK‡`i
D‡Ï‡k¨ ejwQ) †h GKRb gvbyl hZw`b RxweZ _v‡K ZZw`bB Zvi
Dci AvB‡bi wbqš¿Y _v‡K| ¯¿x‡jv‡Ki †¶‡Î hvi ¯^vgx Av‡Q †m Zvi
¯^vgx RxweZ _vKv ch©š— AvBb Øviv Zvi mv‡_ e܇b Ave×| wKš‘ hw`
Zvi ¯^vgx gviv hvq ZLb g„Z ¯^vgxi mv‡_ Zvi AvB‡bi eÜb wkw_j n‡q
hvq| hw` Zvi ¯^vgx RxweZ _v‡K Ges †m Ab¨ †jv‡Ki mv‡_ weevn
e܇b Ave× nq ZLb Zv‡K e¨wfPvwiYx e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv n‡e| wKš‘
88 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
hw` Zvi ¯^vgx gviv hvq Zv n‡j D³ AvBb †_‡K †m gy³| ZLb †m Ab¨
†Kvb †jvK‡K weevn Ki‡jI †m Avi e¨wfPvwiYx n‡e bv| myZivs, †n
Avgvi åvZ…MY! L„‡ói g„Zz¨i mv‡_ mv‡_ Zvi AvBbI †Zvgv‡`i †¶‡Î
g„Z| Zvi A_© Zzwg Ab¨‡K weevn Ki‡Z cvi, GgbwK †m e¨w³‡KI whwb
g„Zz¨ †_‡K cybi“¾xweZ n‡q‡Qb hv‡Z Avgiv Ck¦‡ii R‡b¨ djcÖm~ KvR
Ki‡Z cvwi|
G e³e¨ †_‡K ¯úó Bw½Z cvIqv hvq †h, cj hxï I ÔL„óÕ Gi
g‡a¨ GKwU cv_©K¨ m„wó K‡i‡Qb| Zvi hyw³ Abyhvqx †h AvBb hxï I
Zvi Abymvix‡`i g‡a¨ eÜb m„wó K‡iwQj, wZwb gviv hvIqvi ci Zvi
cÖ‡qvRb dzwi‡q wM‡qwQj| Zviv Avi hxïi mv‡_ bq, L„ó Gi mv‡_
ÒweevwnZÓ whwb Ab¨ GK AvBb G‡b‡Qb| myZivs GLb hxï bq, L„‡ói
AbymiY cÖ‡qvRb| hw` †KD hxïi wk¶v gvb¨ K‡i Zvn‡j †m wec‡_
PvwjZ n‡”Q| G hyw³i mv‡_ wZwb cÖvqwðË I cÖwZKv‡ii wbR¯^ ag©g‡Zi
ms‡hvRb K‡i †h gZev` cÖYqb K‡ib Zv hxï KL‡bvB wk¶v †`bwb|
GUv GK weivU mvdj¨ G‡b †`q †h‡nZz Ab¨ K_vqÑ G‡Z cÖPvi Kiv
nw”Qj †h, GKRb gvbyl Zvi hv Lywk ZvB Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges †m Zvi
K…ZK‡g©i R‡b¨ Aek¨¤¢vex cwiYwZi m¤§yLxb n‡e bv| hw` †m w`‡bi
†k‡l G K_vwU e‡j : ÒAvwg L„‡ó wek¦vm Kwi|Ó hv‡nvK, †h g~j wfwËi
Dci c‡ji hyw³ wbf©ikxj wQj Zv wQj wg_¨v| KviY hxï µzkwe×I
nbwb wKsev cybi“¾xweZI nbwb| c‡ji cÖvqwðË I cÖwZKv‡ii gZev`
wQj åvwš—c~Y©|
c‡ji hyw³ cÖ`k©‡bi `yÕwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© cwiYwZ †`Lv wM‡qwQj| Gi
d‡j ïay hxïi wk¶viB cwieZ©b N‡Uwb, Dciš‘ Zv hxï †K wQ‡jb †m
wel‡q Rbmvavi‡Yi aviYviI m¤ú~Y© cwieZ©b NwU‡qwQj| wZwb †jv‡Ki
g‡b GKRb ÒgvbylÓ †_‡K GKwU aviYvq ch©ewmZ nb| wKQy †jvK hxïi
c„w_ex‡Z Ae¯’vb Kv‡jB Zvi evYx I A‡jŠwKK Kg©Kv‡Ê we¯§q wegy»
n‡q Zuvi Dci Ck¦iZ¡ Av‡ivc K‡ib| †KD †KD fyj K‡i Zuv‡K bex‡`i
†P‡q †ewk wKQy we‡ePbv Ki‡Zb| Zuvi †Kvb †Kvb kΓ ¸Re Qwo‡q
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 89
w`‡qwQj †h wZwb wQ‡jb ÒCk¦‡ii cyÎ|Ó Gi D‡Ïk¨ wQj Ck¦‡ii mv‡_
Zuv‡K mswk­ó Kivi R‡b¨ †Muvov Bqvû`x‡`i Zuvi wei“‡× †Lwc‡q †Zvjv|
G fv‡e Zvi Aš—a©v‡bi Av‡MB Zuvi cÖK…Z mËvi GKwU A‡jŠwKK iƒc`vb
Ges Zvi Dci Ck¦iZ¡ Av‡iv‡ci GKwU cÖeYZv †`Lv wM‡qwQj| L„‡ói
GB KvíwbK iƒc hv hxïi cÖPvwiZ wk¶v‡K nq‡Zv evwZj K‡i †`Iqvi
kw³ ivLZ, Zv ¯úóZB †Kvb mvaviY e¨vcvi wQj bv Ges Awbevh©iƒ‡c
eû gvbylB Ck¦i m¤ú‡K© weåvš— n‡q c‡owQj| G fv‡e GB KvíwbK
iƒcB Dcvmbvi e¯‘ n‡q `uvovq Ges Ck¦‡ii mv‡_ mswk­ó n‡q hvq|
GKRb gvbyl †_‡K hxïi L„óiƒcx Ck¦i wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ Kivi G
NUbv MÖxm I †iv‡gi eyw×Rxex‡`i‡K cj I Zvi Abymvix‡`i cÖPvwiZ
ag©‡K Zv‡`i wbR¯^ `k©‡bi mv‡_ A½xf~Z Ki‡Z m¶g K‡i| Zviv
wÎZ¡ev‡` wek¦vmx wQ‡jb| GLb cjxq Pv‡P©i ag©g‡Zi ÒwcZv Ck¦iÓ I
ÒCk¦‡ii cyÎÓ Gi mv‡_ wÎZ¡ev‡`i Rb¨ Zv‡`i cÖ‡qvRb wQj ïay ÒcweÎ
AvZ¥vÓ †hvM Kivi| Kvj cwiµgvq G `ywU wPÎ GKwU‡Z A½xf~Z nj
Ges wÎZ¡ev‡`i Rb¥ NUj| G mgq MÖx‡m weivwRZ `vk©wbK aviYv Zv‡Z
†hgb is Povj, †Zgwb MÖxKfvlvI G wk¶vi cÖKvk‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i Gi
A_©‡K mxgve× K‡i w`j| MÖxK fvlv wMÖK‡`i `k©b‡K aviY Ki‡Z m¶g
wQj, wKš‘ hxï hv e‡jwQ‡jb Zv avi‡Yi gZ wekvjZv ev MfxiZv G
fvlvi wQj bv| ZvB hxïi GKRb cÖK…Z Abymvix hw` ¯^”Q‡›` MÖxK fvlv
ej‡ZI cvi‡Zb, ZeyI G fvlv‡Z hxïi wk¶vi mvwe©KZv cÖKvk Ki‡Z
cvi‡Zb bv| G Rb¨ Zv‡K evi evi Dchy³ k‡ãi mÜvb Ki‡Z nZ|
hLb wneªy Mm‡cj¸‡jv MÖx‡K fvlvš—‡ii mgq Gj, G mxgve×Zv ZLb
¯’vqx iƒc MÖnY Kij Ges †kl ch©š— wneªy‡Z wjwLZ mKj Mm‡cj hLb
aŸsm n‡q hvq, ZLb Zv †gvnivw¼Z n‡q †Mj|
hw`I cj cÖK…Z c‡¶ hxïi Ck¦iZ¡ ev wÎZ¡ev` cÖPvi K‡ibwb, Zvi
cÖKvk fw½ Ges Zvi K…Z cwieZ©b G DfqB åvš— aviYvi Rb¨ Øvi
Db¥y³ K‡i w`‡qwQj Ges BD‡iv‡c Zvi ag©gZ wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ nIqvi
90 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
c_ cÖ¯‘Z K‡i w`‡qwQj| GwU †mB ag©gZ hv †gix‡K ÒCk¦‡ii gvZvÓ
wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kivi gZ GK Am¤¢e ¯’v‡b Zv‡K AwawôZ K‡iwQj|
cj G K_v e‡j Zvi Kg©KvʇK †hŠw³K iƒc †`Iqvi †Póv
K‡iwQ‡jb †h hxï †h mg‡q evm Ki‡Zb Ges wZwb wb‡R (cj) †h
mg‡qi gvbylÑ G `y‡qi gv‡S †Kvb m¤úK© †bB| mg‡qi cwieZ©b
n‡q‡Q Ges GLb †h cwiw¯’wZ weivwRZ Zv‡Z hxïi wk¶v cy‡iv‡bv n‡q
†M‡Q, Zv Avi AbymiY‡hvM¨ bq| ˆbwZKZvi GKwU bZzb wfwË Luy‡R
cvIqvi R‡b¨ ZLb G hyw³ cÖ‡qvRb n‡q c‡owQj| cj ZLbKvi
weivRgvb cwiw¯’wZ g~j¨vqb K‡iwQ‡jb Ges ZLb cÖ‡qvRb AbyhvqxB
wZwb Zvi cÖwZ wek¦vm ¯’vc‡bi wk¶v cÖ`vb K‡iwQ‡jb :
Avgvi me wKQyB AvBb m¤§Z, wKš‘ Avwg Kv‡iv ¶gZvi Aaxb bB|
(1 Kwib_xq 7t12)
cj ïay gymv I hxï‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vbB K‡ibwb, wZwb †Rvi w`‡q
e‡jwQ‡jb †h Zvi AvBb wZwb wb‡RB| ¯^vfvweK fv‡eB eû †jvKB †m
K_v †g‡b †bqwb| cj Zv‡`i Reve w`‡q‡Qb G e‡j :
hw` Avgvi wg_¨vi ga¨ w`‡q Ck¦‡ii mZ¨ I Mwigv cÖKvwkZ n‡q
_v‡K Zv n‡j Avwg †Kb wePv‡i cvcx ne?
(†ivgxq 3t 7-8)
c‡ji GB e³e¨ †_‡K †`Lv hvq, hw`I wZwb Rvb‡Zb †h wZwb
wg_¨v ej‡Qb, cj g‡b Ki‡Zb Zi D‡Ï‡k¨i R‡b¨ GUv †hŠw³K| wKš‘
GUv eySv gykwKj †h wg_¨vi ga¨ w`‡q mZ¨ Kxfv‡e cÖKvwkZ nq| G
hyw³ Abyhvqx gvbyl hxï hw` Ck¦‡ii mgK¶ nb Zv‡Z hxïi Abymvix‡`i
AvcwËi wK Av‡Q?
cj Ggb GK a‡g©i Rb¥ w`‡q‡Qb hv wewfbœ ci¯úi we‡ivax
Dcv`vb Øviv cwi‡ewóZ| wZwb Bqvû`x‡`i GKZ¡ev` MÖnY K‡ib Ges
Zvi g‡a¨ †cŠËwjK‡`i `k©b hy³ K‡ib| GB A™¢yZ wgkÖ‡Yi g‡a¨ wQj
wKQy hxïi wk¶v Ges wKQy wQj hv cj L„‡ói KvQ †_‡K jvf K‡iwQ‡jb
e‡j `vwe K‡iwQ‡jb| c‡ji ag©Z‡Ë¡i wfwË wQj mgKvjxb MÖxK wPš—
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 91
vavivi Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨vK…Z Zvi e¨w³MZ AwfÁZv| hxïi Dci Ck¦iZ¡
Av‡ivc Kiv n‡qwQj Ges Zuvi cweÎ gy‡L ewm‡q †`Iqv n‡qwQ c­†Uvi
(Plato) K_v| cÖvqwð‡Ëi ZË¡ wQj c‡ji gw¯—¯‹cÖm~Z hv hxï I Zuvi
wkl¨‡`i Kv‡Q m¤ú~Y© AcwiwPZ wQj| G¸‡jvi wfwË wQj ÔAvw` cvcÕ
Ôµzkwe×KiYÕ I Ôcybi“¾xebÕ- G wek¦vm hvi †KvbwUiB †Kvb ˆeaZv
wQj bv| G fv‡eB GKwU K…wÎg a‡g©i m„wó nq| Zvi bvg L„ó ag© hv
MvwYwZKfv‡e D™¢U, HwZnvwmK fv‡e wg_¨v, ZeyI gb¯—vwË¡K fv‡e
AvKl©Yxq| ag©xq Db¥v`bv wb‡q cj a‡g©i †h RgKv‡jv gw›`i ˆZwi
K‡iwQ‡jb Zvi me w`‡KB wZwb `iRv wbg©vY K‡iwQ‡jb| Gi dj
n‡qwQj GB †h hviv cÖ_gev‡ii gZ Zvi L„óag© MÖnY K‡iwQj, Zviv
Bqvû`x ev MÖxK hvB †nvK bv †Kb, Zviv hLb †mB gw›`‡ii g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek
Kij, Zv‡`i G aviYvB †`Iqv nj †h Zviv †mB †`eZvi cÖwZB kÖ×v
wb‡e`b Ki‡Q hv‡K Zviv me mgq Dcvmbv K‡i Avm‡Q| c‡ji åvš—
aviYvi D™¢e I cÖwZôv jv‡fi ci hviv fveZ †h Zviv hxïi AbymiY
Ki‡Q, Zviv Zv‡`i ARv‡š— hxïi cwie‡Z© c‡ji ag©g‡Zi Abymvix‡Z
cwiYZ nj|
†nBbR RvnibU (Heinz Zahrnt) cj‡K Òhxïi Mm‡c‡ji
weK…ZKvixÓ8 e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡iwQ‡jb| IqviwW (Werde) Zv‡K
eY©bv K‡i‡Qb ÒL„óvb a‡g©i wØZxq cÖwZôvZvÓ wn‡m‡e| Dfq e³‡e¨iB
wKQy †hŠw³KZv Av‡Q| IqviwW e‡jb, c‡ji Kvi‡Y :
HwZnvwmK hxï I Pv‡P© L„‡ói g‡a¨ AmvgÄm¨ GZ †ewk cÖKU †h
Zv‡`i g‡a¨ †Kvb HK¨ Luy‡R cvIqv G‡Kev‡iB KwVb9
kbwdì (Schonfield) wj‡L‡Qb :
†Muvovwgi (Orthodoxy) cjxq ag©gZ L„óvb a‡g©i wfwËiƒ‡c MY¨
nq Ges ˆea PvP© ag©we‡ivax e‡j cwiZ¨³ nq|10
Gfv‡e evb©vevm cwiMwYZ nb cÖavb ag© we‡ivaxiƒ‡c|
hxïi Abymvix‡`i Kv‡Q m‡Z¨i c_ R¨vwgwZi mij †iLvi gZÑ
ˆ`N©¨ Av‡Q wKš‘ †Kvb we¯—vi †bB| Zviv hxïi wk¶vi †Kvb cwieZ©b
92 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
Ki‡Z ivwR nbwb, KviY GB cwieZ©‡bi D‡Ïk¨ wQj myweav jvf|
Zv‡`i Kv‡Q hxïi wk¶vB wQj mZ¨ Ges cwic~Y© mZ¨| evb©vevm I Zuvi
Abymvixiv hxïi KvQ †_‡K †h wk¶v jvf K‡iwQ‡jb Zvi cÖPvi I
AbymiY Ae¨vnZ †i‡LwQ‡jb| Zviv me©`vB Ges GLb ch©š— GKwU kw³
wn‡m‡eB MY¨| Zv‡`i ga¨ †_‡KB Òmš—Ó (Saint) I cwÊZ‡`i
Avwef©ve N‡UwQj| Zviv L„óvb‡`i cÖwZwU m¤úÖ`v‡qi Kv‡Q kÖ×vi cvÎ
wQ‡jb|
hxïi AbymvixMY I evb©vevm KL‡bvB GKwU †K›`ªxq msMVb M‡o
†Zv‡jbwb hw`I †bZv‡`i mZ¨wbôvi Kvi‡Y Abymvix‡`i msL¨v e„w× †cj
`ª“Z| GmKj †bZv wQ‡jb cÖvÁ I Ávbx hviv Ck¦i‡K fv‡jvevm‡Zb I
Zuvi f‡q fxZ wQ‡jb| Zviv gi“f~wg I ce©‡Z Mgb K‡iwQ‡jb| cÖwZwU
mš—‡K wN‡i GKwU ¶z`ª m¤úÖ`vq M‡o D‡VwQj| Zviv mK‡jB wQ‡jb
G‡K Aci †_‡K c„_K| Gi KviY wQj Zv‡`i evm¯’v‡bi Pvicv‡ki
`yM©g AÂj| msMVb KvVv‡gvi Abycw¯’wZ wQj Zv‡`i kw³i GKwU Drm,
KiY Gi d‡j wbcxobKvix‡`i c‡¶ Zv‡`i AvUK Kiv m¤¢e wQj bv|
c‡ji L„óag© MÖxm n‡q BD‡iv‡c cÖmvwiZ n‡qwQj| c¶vš—‡i G
Ck¦i‡cÖgxiv Zv‡`i Áv‡bi kw³‡Z `w¶‡Y, P~ovš— ch©v‡q DËi Avwd«Kv
eivei we¯—vi jvf K‡iwQ‡jb| Zv‡`i cÖwZwôZ hyemgvR hxïi Abymvix
wQj| hviv ZLbI hxïi wk¶v aviY K‡iwQ‡jb Zviv Zv‡`i Áv‡bi
AwaKvskB mivmwi e¨w³ †_‡K e¨w³‡Z Pwo‡q w`‡qwQ‡jb| AvPvi-
e¨envi AbyKiY Kiv nZ Ges ag©wk¶v †`qv nZ †gŠwLKfv‡e| Zviv
Ck¦‡ii GKZ¡ cÖPvi Ae¨vnZ †i‡LwQ‡jb| hxïi Aš—a©v‡bi ci cÖ_g
w`‡Ki kZK¸‡jv‡Z wewfbœ m¤úÖ`v‡qi mv¶vr cvIqv hvq †hgb.
G‡evbvBUm (Ebonites), †mwibw_qvbm (Cerinthians),
e¨vwmwjwWqvbm (Basilidians), hviv Ck¦i‡K wcZv wn‡m‡e Dcvmbv
Ki‡Z A¯^xK…wZ Rvwb‡qwQj| Zviv Ck¦i‡K wek¦RM‡Zi me©kw³gvb
kvmK, mgK¶nxb m‡e©v”P mËv wn‡m‡eB Dcvmbv KiZ|
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 93
eZ©gv‡b hxïi Rxeb I wk¶v wel‡q eû ai‡bi wjwLZ weeiY
cvIqv hvq| hxï †h fvlvq K_v e‡jwQ‡jb, Zv wQj Aviexi GK K_¨
iƒcÑ GivwgK| G fvlv mvaviYfv‡e wjwLZ n‡Zv bv| cÖ_g Mm‡cj
wjwLZ nq wneªy‡Z| †mB †Mvovi w`‡Ki w`b¸‡jv‡Z wKQyB
AvbyôvwbKfv‡e M„nxZ ev ewR©Z nqwb| cÖwZwU L„óvb Zvi m¤úÖ`v‡qi
†bZvi Dci wbf©i KiZ †h wZwb †Kvb MÖš’ e¨envi Ki‡eb| hvi KvQ
†_‡K Zviv wk¶v jvf Ki‡e Zvi Dci wbf©i K‡i cÖwZwU m¤úÖ`vq GKwU
c„_K m~‡Îi Kv‡Q Mgb KiZ| hviv evb©vev‡mi `„óvš— AbymiY Ki‡Zb
Zviv GK m~‡Îi Kv‡Q †h‡Zb, Avevi hviv c‡ji Abymvix wQ‡jb Zviv
†h‡Zb A‡b¨i Kv‡Q|
Gfv‡e c„w_ex †_‡K hxïi Aš—a©v‡bi ci ciB hxïi Abymvix I
cjxq Pv‡P©i g‡a¨ mywbw`©ó I e¨vcKZi e¨eavb m„wó nq| D‡j­L¨, cjxq
PvP© c‡i †ivgvb K¨v_wjK PvP© bv‡g AvL¨vwqZ nq| G cv_©K¨ ïay †h
RxebvPviY I ag© wek¦v‡mi †¶‡ÎB weivwRZ wQj Zv bq. †fŠ‡MvwjK
fv‡eI GB cv_©K¨ my¯úó iƒc MÖnY K‡i| cjxq PvP© hZ †ewk cÖwZôv
jvf K‡i Zv hxïi Abymvix‡`i cÖwZ ZZ †ewk ˆeix n‡q I‡V| c‡ji
Abymvixiv †ivgvb kvmK‡`i mv‡_ µgk AwaK nv‡i wb‡R‡`i m¤ú„³
K‡i †djvi †cÖw¶‡Z L„óvb bv‡gi cwiPq `vbKvixiv †h wbcxo‡bi
wkKvi n‡qwQj cieZ©x‡Z GKZ¡ev‡`i mg_©Kiv †mB wbcxo‡bi cÖavb
wkKv‡i cwiYZ nq| GKZ¡ev`x‡`i ag© wek¦vm cwieZ©‡bi Ges ag©MÖš’
aŸsmmn Zv‡`i wbg©~j KiviI †Póv P‡j| †m Kvi‡Y Avw` knx`‡`i
AwaKvskB wQ‡jb GKZ¡ev`x| wÎZ¡ev‡`i hZ †ekx cÖmvi NU‡Z _v‡K
Zvi Abymvixiv ZZ †ekx G‡Kk¦iev` mg_©K‡`i we‡ivax n‡q D‡V| G
mgq mgªvU Rywjqvb (Julian) ¶gZvmxb nb| Zvi Avg‡j L„óvb‡`i
Aš—we©‡iva Ggb GK ch©v‡q †cuŠ‡Q †h wZwb ej‡Z eva¨ nb: ÒL„óvb
m¤úÖ`vq¸‡jv mvaviY fv‡e ci¯ú‡ii hZUv ˆeix †Kvb eb¨ cïI
gvby‡li cÖwZ ZZUv ˆeix bq|Ó
94 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
¯^vfvweK fv‡eB, hxïi wk¶v †_‡K hviv m‡i G‡mwQj Zviv
evB‡e‡ji cwieZ©b NUv‡ZI cÖ¯‘Z wQj, GgbwK Zv‡`i g‡Zi mg_©‡b
wg_¨v e³e¨ ms‡hvRb Ki‡ZI Zviv wcQcv wQj bv| †UvjvÛ (Toland)
Zvi (The Nazarenes) MÖ‡š’ Avw` G‡Kk¦iev`x knx`‡`i Ab¨Zg
Bivwbqv‡mi (Iranius) Gi GZ`welqK fvlv DׄZ K‡i‡Qb t
Òmij gvbyl I mZ¨ ag©MÖš’ m¤ú‡K© AÁ †jvK‡`i weåvš— Ki‡Z
Zviv Ab¨vqfv‡e Zv‡`i Dci wb‡R‡`i iwPZ wg_¨v I Rvj ag©M‡Ö š’i
†evSv Pvwc‡q w`‡q‡Q|Ó
†UvjvÛ Av‡jv e‡jb :
ÒAvgiv BwZg‡a¨B Rvwb †h L„óvb Pv‡P©i cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q Kx cwigvY
cÖZviYv N‡UwQj I ag© wek¦vm wb‡q wQwbwgwb †Ljv n‡qwQj| L„óvb
PvP©¸‡jvB mKj Rvj I fyqv ag©MÖš’ MÖn‡Yi †¶‡Î AvMÖnx f~wgKv cvjb
K‡i|...... hLb hvRKivB wQj ag©MÖ‡š’i GKgvÎ cÖwZwjwc iPbvKvix
Ges fvj ev g›` mKj ag©MÖ‡š’i GKgvÎ †ndvRZKvix, †m mg‡qB
e¨vcK gvÎvq G AcKg© msNwUZ nq| wKš‘ c‡i mg‡qi cvjv e`‡j
L„óa‡g©i m~Pbv I cÖK…Z iƒc D×vi Kiv, KíKvwnwb †_‡K BwZnvm‡K
A_ev åvwš— †_‡K mZ¨‡K wPwýZ Kiv cÖvq m¤ú~Y© Am¤¢e n‡q c‡o|....
†cÖwiZ‡`i Ae¨ewnZ DËim~wiiv wK K‡i Zv‡`i ¸i“‡`i cÖK…Z
wk¶v‡K Zv‡`i Dci Av‡ivwcZ wg_¨v wk¶v¸‡jvi mv‡_ Zvj‡Mvj
cvwK‡q †dj‡jb? A_ev Zviv hw` G¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© AÜKv‡iB _vK‡eb
Zv n‡j †m¸‡jv GZ ZvovZvwo wK K‡i Zv‡`i Abymi‡Yi ga¨ w`‡q
AwaK ¸i“Z¡ jvf Kij? †`Lv hvq, G ai‡bi wg_¨v I Rvj ag©MÖš’¸‡jv
wMR©vi cy‡ivwnZ‡`i ÔK¨vbwbKvjÕ (Canonical) MÖš’mg~‡ni mv‡_ cÖvqB
mggh©v`vq ¯’vcb Kiv nZ Ges cÖ_g †_‡K †kl ch©š— meKwU MÖ‡š’B
DׄZ nZ Hkx ag©MÖš’ wn‡m‡e A_ev †Kvb †Kvb mgq †hgbwU Avgiv
†`wL, Zviv †m¸‡jv‡K Hkx wn‡m‡e A¯^xKvi KiZ| cÖkœ Kiv hvq, †Kb
wK¬‡g›U Ae Av‡jKRvÛvi, Iwi‡Rb, UviUvwjqvb I G ai‡bi evwK
†jLKMY KZ©…K LuvwU MÖš’ wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ mKj MÖš’B mgfv‡e
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 95
wbf©i‡hvM¨ e‡j MY¨ n‡e bv? Ges †h me hvRK ev cy‡ivwnZ, hviv ïay
G‡K A‡b¨i we‡ivwaZvB bq, Dc‡ivš—y GKB NUbv m¤ú‡K© Zv‡`i eY©bvi
g‡a¨ cÖvqB ¯^wi‡ivwaZv cwijw¶Z nq, Zv‡`i mv‡¶¨i e¨vcv‡iB ev
KZUzKz ¸i“Z¡ †`Iqv hv‡e?
†UvjvÛ e‡jb †h, G me ÔfÊ cy‡ivwnZ I RvwjqvwZÕ m¤ú‡K© hLb
cÖkœ †Zvjv nq ZLb Zviv hyw³ LÊb Kivi †P‡q cÖkœ DÌvcbKvix‡K
ag©we‡ivax I AvZ¥‡MvcbKvix bvw¯—K e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡Z ïi“ K‡i|
wZwb e‡jb.
Zv‡`i G AvPiY Zv‡`i cÖwZ mK‡ji Kv‡Q cÖZviK I RvwjqvZ
wn‡m‡e m‡›`n m„wó K‡i, KviY gvbyl ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB Zvi `ye©j ¯’v‡b
AvNvZ jvM‡j wPwKrmv Ki‡e|....... hvi Kv‡Q cÖ‡kœi Reve Av‡Q †m
µz× n‡e bv| ..........
Ae‡k‡l †Uvjv‡Ûi cÖkœ :
mKj PvP© HwZnvwmK me©m¤§Zfv‡e bvRvwiwb (Nazarenes) A_ev
GweIbvBUm‡`i (Ebionites) L„óag© MÖnYKvix wn‡m‡e ¯^xKvi K‡i
wb‡q‡Qb, A_ev †mB Bqvû`xiv hviv Zuvi wb‡Ri †jvK wn‡m‡e L„‡ói
Dci wek¦vm mn Zuvi RxweZ _vKv I Aš—a©v‡bi K_v wek¦vm Ki‡Zb,
ZvivB Zuvi Kg©Kv‡Êi cÖZ¨¶`k©x wQ‡jb, Ges Zviv mevB Zvi a‡g©i
cÖPviKvix wQ‡jb| G me welq we‡ePbv K‡i Avgvi e³e¨ †h Zv‡`i
c‡¶ wK K‡i (hv‡`i mevB‡K cÖ_g ag©‡`ªvnx e‡j AvL¨vwqZ I
A‡bK‡KB `wÊZ Kiv n‡qwQj) hxïi a‡g©i fyj e¨vL¨v ev Zv wb‡q Pµvš—
Kiv m¤¢e? G KvRwU †mme MÖxK‡`i c‡¶ Kxfv‡e m¤¢e hviv hxïi Aš—
a©v‡bi ci cÖPviKvix‡`i ga¨‡gB Zvi Abymvix n‡qwQj Ges Zuvi cÖK…Z
mZ¨ m¤ú‡K© KL‡bvB AewnZ wQj bv| A_ev Ck¦i wek¦vmx Bqvû`xMY
Qvov hLb Zv‡`i †Kvb Z_¨ Rvbvi †Kvb DcvqB wQj bv?11
96 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
lô Aa¨vq
L„óa‡g©i Avw` GKZ¡ev`xMY
L„óag© cÖPviK‡`i (†cÖwiZ‡`i, hxï I evb©vev‡mi Abymvixiv
G bv‡g cwiwPZ wQ‡jb) ga¨ †_‡K †ek wKQy msL¨K cwÊZ I m‡š—
i Avwef©ve N‡UwQj| Zv‡`i ag©fw³ I Áv‡bi R‡b¨ Zviv GgbwK
AvRI ewiZ I mgv`„Z| Zv‡`i ag©MÖš’-¸‡jvi fvl¨ HwZnvwmK
Ges Zv‡Z eZ©gvb †Muvov K¨v_wjK PvP© Gi cÖPwjZ evB‡e‡ji gZ
g~j fv‡l¨ iƒcK AvKv‡i †Kvb A_© jywK‡q ivLv nqwb, eis †cÖwiZ
bexi e¨³ evYxi mij A_© MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q| evB‡e‡ji wKQy
Ask‡K Ab¨vb¨ As‡ki PvB‡Z †ewk ¸i“Z¡ cÖ`v‡bi wei“‡×I Zviv
†mv”Pvi f~wgKv cvjb K‡ib| Zuviv Ck¦‡ii GK‡Z¡i Dci ¸i“Z¡
Av‡ivc K‡iwQ‡jb Ges wÎZ¡ev‡`i mvgvb¨Zg mg_©b K‡i, Ggb
gZev` cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡iwQ‡jb| Zuviv HwZnvwmK hxïi DciB †Rvi
w`‡qwQ‡jb Ges Zuvi m¤ú‡K© K_v ejvi mgq ÔcyÎÕ kãwU cwinvi
K‡iwQ‡jb| hxï †h fv‡e Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Zb Ges †hgb AvPiY
Ki‡Zb Zuviv wVK ZviB AbymiY Kivi †Póv Ki‡Zb| Zuv‡`i
A‡b‡KB DËi Avwd«Kvq emevm Ki‡Zb| hxïi Gme Abymvix‡`i
g‡a¨ me‡P‡q ¸i“Z¡c~Y© K‡qKRb m¤ú‡K© bx‡P D‡j­L Kiv nj:
Bivwbqvm (Iranaeus) 130-200 L„.)
Bivwbqv‡mi Rb¥Kv‡j hxïi cÖK…Z Abymvix ag© cÖPviK‡`i
cÖPvwiZ L„óag© DËi Avwd«Kv I †¯úb Ges `w¶Y d«vÝ ch©š— cÖmvi
jvf K‡iwQj| wjqu (Lyons)- Gi wekc cw_bv‡mi (Pothinus)
c¶ †_‡K †iv‡g †cvc Gjy‡_iv‡gi Kv‡Q †cÖwiZ GK `iLv¯—
cÖm‡½ Bivwbqvm m¤ú‡K© cÖ_g D‡j­L cvIqv hvq| G `iLv‡¯—
cjxq Pv‡P©i ag©g‡Zi mv‡_ GKgZ bq Ggb L„óvb‡`i Dci
wbcxob e‡Üi R‡b¨ †cv‡ci Kv‡Q Av‡e`b Rvbv‡bv nq|
BivwbqvmB G `iLv¯— enb K‡i wb‡q wM‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb †iv‡g
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 97
_vKv Ae¯’vqB ïb‡Z cvb †h mKj wfbœ gZvej¤^x L„óvbmn wekc
cw_bvm‡K nZ¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| †ivg †_‡K †divi ci wZwb wjqui
wekc wn‡m‡e cw_bv‡mi ¯’jvwfwl³ nb|
190 L„. Bivwbqvm wb‡RB ïaygvÎ ag©xq wfbœg‡Zi Kvi‡Y
L„óvb‡`i MYnZ¨v eÜ Kivi R‡b¨ †cvc wf±i‡K Aby‡iva Rvwb‡q
cÎ †j‡Lb| wKš‘ GKB NUbvi cybive„wË N‡U Ges wZwb wb‡RB
200 L„. wbnZ nb| G fv‡e L„óa‡g©i R‡b¨ Bivwbqv‡mi Rxeb
DrmwM©Z nq|
Bivwbqvm GK Ck¦‡i wek¦vm Ki‡Zb Ges hxïi gvbweKZvi
g‡Zi mg_©K wQ‡jb| wZwb L„óa‡g© †cŠËwjK ag© c†Uvbxq `k©b
cÖweó Kivi R‡b¨ cj‡K `vqx K‡i Zvi Zxeª mgv‡jvPbv K‡ib|
Bivwbqvm Zvi †jLvq evb©vevm‡i Mm‡c‡ji e¨vcK DׄwZ w`‡Zb|
Zvi †jLv c‡oB d«v gvwi‡bv D³ Mm‡c‡ji e¨vcv‡i AvMÖnx n‡q
I‡Vb Ges Zuvi cwiYwZ‡ZB wZwb †cv‡ci jvB‡eªwi‡Z evb©vev‡mi
Mm‡c‡ji BZvjxq cvÊywjwc Avwe®‹vi K‡ib|
UviUvwjqvb (Tertullian) (160-220L„.)
UviUvwjqvb Avwd«Kvb Pv‡P©i Abymvix wQ‡jb| wZwb wQ‡jb
Kv‡_©‡Ri Awaevmx| wZwb Ck¦‡ii GK‡Z¡ wek¦vmx wQ‡jb Ges
Bqvû`x †gwmqvn‡K hxï wnmv‡e wPwýZ K‡ib| AvbykvmwbK
AbyZvc cÖKv‡ki ci Mwn©Z cv‡ci cÖvqwðË nq e‡j †cvc
K¨vwjmUvm †h weavb Rvwi K‡ib, wZwb Zvi we‡ivwaZv K‡ib|
wZwb Ck¦‡ii GK‡Z¡i Dci †Rvi †`b|
UviUvwjqvb wj‡LwQ‡jb : ÒmvaviY gvbyl hxï‡K GKRb gvbyl
wn‡m‡eB fv‡e|Ó wZwbB cÖ_g j¨vwUb fvlvq MxR©v m¤úwK©Z iPbvq
wÎZ¡ev‡`i bZzb A™¢yZ ag©gZ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z wM‡q ÔwÎZ¡ev`Õ
kãwU e¨envi K‡ib| AbycÖvwYZ ag©MÖš’¸‡jv‡Z GK mgq G kãwU
e¨enviB Kiv nqwb|
98 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
Awi‡Rb (Origen) (185-245 L„.)
Awi‡Rb Rb¥m~‡Î wgkixq wQ‡jb| m¤¢eZ wZwb
Av‡jKRvw›`ªqvi Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZv w_IwbWvm GKwU
wk¶v‡K›`ª cÖwZôv K‡ib Ges weL¨vZ ag©ZË¡we` wK¬‡g›U‡K Gi
cÖavb wb‡qvM K‡ib| Awi‡Rb GLv‡bB wk¶v jvf K‡ib|
wjIwbWvm L„óag© cÖPviK‡`i cÖPvwiZ a‡g©i Abymvix wQ‡jb| cjxq
PvP© Zvi ag© wek¦vm Aby‡gv`b K‡iwb| KviY wZwb c‡ji ag©xq
e¨vL¨v I bZzb ms‡hvRb †g‡b wb‡Z A¯^xK…wZ Rvbvb| 208 L„.
wjIwbWvm‡K nZ¨v Kiv nq| Awi‡Rb GB gg©š‘` NUbvq GZUv
wePwjZ nb †h wZwb L„óa‡g©i R‡b¨ wb‡Ri Rxeb DrmM© Ki‡Z
Z_v knx` n‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| wKš‘ Zvi gv‡qi evavi Kvi‡Y Zv
m¤¢e nqwb|
wb‡Ri Rxeb wecbœ †`‡L Awi‡R‡bi wk¶K wK¬‡g›U
Av‡jKRvw›`ªqv †_‡K cjvqb K‡ib| wcZv wbnZ, wk¶K cjvZK|
†mB k¼vRbK cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Awi‡Rb wb‡RI wec`vcbœ n‡q c‡ob|
wKš‘ wcZvi cÖwZwôZ we`¨vj‡qi bqv cÖavb wn‡m‡e wZwb kxNªB Ávb
I Aa¨emv‡qi Kvi‡Y L¨vwZgvb n‡q I‡Vb| Zvi Ck¦ifw³ I
AwZwi³ ag©cÖxwZ Zvi Rb¨ `y‡f©v‡Mi KviY nq| gw_i 19t 12
†k­v‡K ejv n‡q‡Q :
wKQy bcysmK gvbyl Av‡Q hviv gvZ… Mf© †_‡K bcysmK wkïi
gZB Rb¥ †bq Ges wKQy gvbyl Av‡Q hv‡`i bcysmK Kiv nq
Ges Ggb wKQy gvbyl Av‡Q hviv ci†jŠwKK mydj jv‡fi
R‡b¨ wb‡R‡`i‡K bcysmK K‡i †bq| †h Zv Ki‡Z m¶g,
Zv‡K Zv Ki‡Z `vI|
230 L„. Awi‡Rb wdwjw¯—‡b cv`ªx wbhy³ nb| wKš‘ wekc
†Wgvwiqvm (Demerius) Zv‡K DrLvZ K‡ib Ges wbe©vm‡b
cvVvb| 231 L„. wZwb Kvqmvwiqvq AvkÖq jvf K‡ib| wcZvi
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 99
`„óvš— Abymi‡Y wZwb Kvqmvwiqvq GKwU we`¨vjq cÖwZôv K‡ib| G
we`¨vjqwUI AZ¨š— L¨vwZ jvf K‡i| PZz`©k kZvãx‡Z MÖxK
evB‡ej cÖ_g j¨vwUb fvlvq Abyev` K‡ib mvay †R‡ivg
(Jerome)| wZwb Awi‡R‡bi cÖwZ ïi“‡Z mg_©b Rvbvb| wKš‘
c‡i wZwb wÎZ¡ev‡` wek¦vmx n‡q I‡Vb Ges Awi‡R‡bi kΓ‡Z
cwiYZ nb| Awi‡Rb hv‡Z PvP© KZ©…K `wÊZ nb, †m R‡b¨ †R‡ivg
†Póv Pvjvb| wKš‘ Awi‡R‡bi RbwcÖqZvi Kvi‡Y wekc Rb
(Bishop John) Zv Kivi mvnm cvbwb| cÖK…Zc‡¶ Awi‡Rb
wb‡RB †`kZ¨vMx nb| hv †nvK, †kl ch©š— 250 L„. †R‡ivg mdj
nb| Av‡jKRvw›`ªqvi KvDwÝj Awi‡Rb‡K `wÊZ K‡i| Zuv‡K
KvivMv‡i wb‡¶c Kiv nq| `xN©Kvj wbh©vZ‡bi d‡j Ae‡k‡l 254
L„. KvivMv‡iB Awi‡Rb g„Zz¨gy‡L cwZZ nb| Zuvi Kviv`‡Êi KviY
wQj wZwb wÎZ¡ev` cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡iwQ‡jb Ges GKZ¡ev` cÖPvi
Ki‡Zb| wZwb wek¦vm Ki‡Zb, Ck¦i me©‡kÖô, hxï Zuvi mgK¶
wQ‡jb bv, eis Zuvi ev›`v wQ‡jb|
Awi‡Rb cÖvq 6kÕ M‡elYvg~jK MÖš’ I ÁvbMf© cÖeÜ
wj‡LwQ‡jb| Zuv‡K Pv‡P©i BwZnv‡mi me©v‡c¶v AvKl©Yxq
(Appealing) Pwiθ‡jvi g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg e‡j eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
†hŠe‡bi cÖ_g †_‡K Rxe‡bi †kl w`b ch©š— wZwb wQ‡jb
AKz‡Zvfq| wZwb wQ‡jb we‡eKÁvb m¤úbœ, I mwnòy Ges GKRb
†kÖô wk¶‡Ki mKj ¸Yvewj Zuvi wQj| hviv Zuvi Kv‡Q wk¶v jvf
K‡iwQj Zviv Zuv‡K fv‡jvevmZ| Zuvi cv_©K¨ wbiƒcY ¶gZv I
m„Rbkxj kw³ I wecyj Ávb L„óvb mgv‡R wQj Zzjbvnxb|
Wv‡qv‡Wvivm (Diodorus)
Wv‡qv‡Wvivm wQ‡jb Uvim‡mi GKRb wekc| hxïi Avmj
wk¶vi Abymvix L„óvb‡`i g‡a¨ Zuv‡K Ab¨Zg ¸i“Z¡c~Y© †bZv
wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nZ|
100 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
Wv‡qv‡Wvivm gZ †cvlY Ki‡Zb †h wek¦ cwieZ©bkxj| wKš‘
G cwieZ©b ¯^qs GKwU ïi“i kZ© wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i hvi wcQ‡b
i‡q‡Q wbiew”Qbœ aviv| Dciš‘ Rxe‡bi ˆewPΨ Ges cwieZ©‡bi
GB we‡kl cÖwµqvq †h cÖÁv cwijw¶Z nq Zv g~‡ji HK¨ wb‡`©k
K‡i Ges GKRb mªóv I `~i`k©xi Dcw¯’wZi cÖgvY †`q| G ai‡bi
mªóv ïay GKRbB n‡Z cv‡ib|
Wv‡qv‡Wvivm gvbweK cÖvY I i³- gvs‡mi kixi m¤úbœ hxï‡K
GKRb cwic~Y© gvbyl e‡jB MY¨ Ki‡Zb|
jywmqvb (Lucian)
GKRb Ávbx wn‡m‡e jywmqv‡bi hZUv L¨vwZ wQj wVK ZZUvB
L¨vwZ wQj Zvi Ck¦i- fxi“Zvi R‡b¨| wZwb wneªy I MÖxK fvlvq
cvi`k©x wQ‡jb| 220 L„. †_‡K 290 L„. ch©š— wZwb PvP© m¤úÖ`v‡qi
evB‡i Ae¯’vb K‡ib| Zuvi cweÎZv I Mfxi cvwÊZ¨ wecyj msL¨K
†jvK‡K AvK…ó K‡i| Zuvi we`¨vjqwU wkMwMiB cieZ©x Kv‡j
ÔAvwiqvbÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ gZev‡`i jvjb †K›`ª n‡q I‡V| Avwiqvm
wQ‡jb Zuvi GKRb QvÎ|
jywmqvb ag©MÖ‡š’i e¨vKiwYK I Av¶wiK e¨vL¨vq wek¦vmx
wQ‡jb| wZwb ag©MÖ‡š’i cÖZxKx I iƒcK A_© mÜv‡bi cÖeYZvi
we‡ivwaZv K‡ib| wZwb ag© MÖ‡š’i M‡elYvg~jK I mgv‡jvPbvg~jK
c×wZ mg_©b Ki‡Zb| GB ci¯úi we‡ivax `„wófw½ †_‡K †evSv
hvq †h G mgq †jv‡K µgkB AwaKZi gvÎvq ag©MÖ‡š’i Dci
Av¯’vkxj n‡q D‡VwQj| Ab¨w`‡K hxïi wk¶vi †gŠwLK fv‡l¨i
Dci µgkB Zv‡`i Av¯’v n«vm cvw”Qj| Zv Qvov hxïi wk¶v
mvgwMÖKfv‡e †h KZ `ª“Z wejyß nq G †_‡K ZviI Avfvm †g‡j|
jywmqvb GKRb weivU cwÊZ wQ‡jb| wZwb Iì †Uóv‡g‡›Ui
MÖxK Abyev`wU ms‡kvab K‡iwQ‡jb| Mm‡cjmg~n MÖxK fvlvq
Abyw`Z nIqvi ci †m¸‡jv‡Z †hme cwieZ©b NUv‡bv nq wZwb
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 101
Zvi A‡bKUvB wbg©~j K‡ib Ges 4wU Mm‡cj cÖKvk K‡ib| Zvi
g‡Z †m¸‡jvB wQj mZ¨ Mm‡cj| GLb cjxq PvP© KZ©…K M„nxZ †h
4wU Mm‡cj i‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv jywmqv‡bi Mm‡c‡ji Abyiƒc bq|
wZwb wek¦vm Ki‡Zb †h hxï Ck¦‡ii mgK¶ bb Ges wZwb
wQ‡jb Ck¦‡ii Aaxb¯’ ev›`v| G wek¦v‡mi Kvi‡Y wZwb cjxq
Pv‡P©i kΓ‡Z cwiYZ nb| e¨vcK wbh©vZ‡bi ci 312 L„. Zuvi
g„Zz¨ nq|
Avwiqvm (Arius) (250-336 L„.)
Avwiqv‡mi Rxe‡bi mv‡_ mgªvU KbóvbUvB‡bi Rxeb Ggb
Awe‡”Q`¨ fv‡e m¤úwK©Z †h GKRb‡K bv †R‡b Ab¨‡K Rvbv m¤¢e
bq| †ivgK Pv‡P©i Abymvix mgªvU KbóvbUvBb L„óvb Pv‡P©i
ms¯ú‡k© wK fv‡e G‡jb †m Kvwnwb D‡jL Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
KbóvbUvBb Zvi †R¨ô cyÎ I wmsnvm‡bi DËivwaKvix
wµmcv‡mi (Crispus) cÖwZ Cl©vwš^Z wQ‡jb| Zi“Y ivRKzgvi
my›`i e¨envi, PgrKvi AvPiY Ges hy× †¶‡Î mvnwmKZvi R‡b¨
AZ¨š— RbwcÖq n‡q D‡VwQ‡jb| mgªvU Zuvi wb‡Ri Ae¯’vb hv‡Z
wecbœ bv nq †m R‡b¨ wµmcvm‡K nZ¨v K‡ib| wµmcv‡mi g„Zz¨‡Z
mgMÖ mvgªv‡R¨ welv‡`i Qvqv †b‡g Av‡m| Rvbv hvq †h wµcv‡mi
mr gvZv wb‡Ri cy‡Îi wmsnvm‡b Av‡ivn‡Yi c_ wb®‹ÈK Kivi
R‡b¨ D`MÖxe wQ‡jb| †m Kvi‡Y wµmcvm‡K nZ¨v Kiv Zvi
AwfcÖvq wQj| KbóvbUvBb G Kvi‡Y G nZ¨vi R‡b¨ Zuv‡K `vqx
K‡ib Ges Mig cvwb fwZ© †PŠev”Pvi g‡a¨ wb‡¶c K‡i Zuv‡K nZ¨v
K‡ib| G fv‡e wZwb GK nZ¨v Øviv Av‡iKwU nZ¨vi `vq
Ac‡bv`b Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| wKš‘ Gi dj wZwb hv †f‡ewQ‡jb
Zvi wecixZ nq| wbnZ ivYxi mg_©Kiv Zvi g„Z cy‡Îi mg_©K‡`i
mv‡_ wgwjZ nq Ges cÖwZ‡kva MÖn‡Yi R‡b¨ m‡Pó n‡q D‡V|
KbóvbUvBb Dcvqš—i bv †`‡L †iv‡gi RywcUv‡ii gw›`‡ii
102 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
cy‡ivwnZ‡`i kiYvcbœ nb| wKš‘ Zviv e‡jb †h Ggb †Kvb DrmM©
ev cÖv_©bv †bB hv Zuv‡K G `ywU nZ¨vi `vq †_‡K gy³ Ki‡Z cv‡i|
Ae¯’v Ggb `uvovq †h KbóvbUvBb †iv‡g Ae¯’v‡b ¯^w¯— †eva bv
Kivq evBRvbwUqvg P‡j hvIqvi wm×vš— MÖnY K‡ib|
evBRvbwUqv‡g †cuŠ‡Q wZwb Zuvi bv‡g kniwUi bvgKiY
K‡ib| ZLb †_‡K kniwUi bvg nq Kbóvw›U‡bvcj
(Constantinople)| GLv‡b wZwb cjxq Pv‡P©i KvQ †_‡K
AcÖZ¨vwkZ mg_©b jvf K‡ib| Zviv Zv‡K Rvbvq †h wZwb hw`
Zv‡`i Pv‡P© cÖvqwðË K‡ib Z‡e Zvi cvc gyw³ NU‡e|
KbóvbUvBb Gi c~Y© my‡hvM MÖnY K‡ib| ïay `yÕwU nZ¨vi i‡³
KbóvbUvB‡bi nvZ †h iwÄZ wQj ZvB bq, mvgªvR¨ kvm‡bi wewfbœ
mgm¨vqI wZwb nveyWyey Lvw”Q‡jb| G fv‡e Aciva ¯^xKv‡ii
gva¨‡g we‡e‡Ki `skb †_‡K gyw³ jvf K‡i Ges `ywðš—v †_‡K
†invB †c‡q wZwb mvgªv‡R¨i w`‡K g‡bvwb‡ek Ki‡jb| wZwb
wb‡Ri ¯^v_©wmw×i R‡b¨ PvP©‡K e¨env‡ii m¤¢vebv †`L‡jb Gfv‡e
†h wZwb hw` Pv‡P©i AvbyMZ¨ jvf K‡ib Zv n‡j wZwbI PvP©‡K c~Y©
mg_©b †`‡eb| Zuvi KvQ †_‡K AcÖZ¨vwkZ mg_©b jvf K‡i PvP©
ivZvivwZ kw³kvjx I ¶gZvevb n‡q I‡V| KbóvbUvBb Gi
c~Y©e¨envi K‡ib| f~ga¨mvM‡ii Pvicv‡ki †`k¸‡jv‡Z AmsL¨
L„óvb PvP© wQj| mgªvU KbóvbUvBb †h jovB KiwQ‡jb †m jovB‡q
PvP©¸‡jv‡K cy‡ivcywi Kv‡R jvwM‡q wecyj myweav jvf K‡ib| eû
cy‡ivwnZB Zvi †Mv‡q›`v e„wËi Kv‡R AZ¨š— mnvqK n‡qwQ‡jb|
BD‡ivc I ga¨cÖvP¨‡K Zuvi Aax‡b GKwÎZ Kivi cÖ‡Póvq G
mvnvh¨ wQj AZ¨š— ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| AskZ K…ZÁZv Ávc‡bi R‡b¨ Ges
AskZ RywcUv‡ii gw›`‡ii †h †ivgvb cy‡ivwnZiv Zuv‡K mg_©b
w`‡Z A¯^xK…wZ Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb Zv‡`i ¶gZv wejyß Kivi R‡b¨ wZwb
†iv‡g GKwU PvP© cÖwZôvi R‡b¨ L„óvb‡`i DrmvwnZ K‡ib|
hv‡nvK, KbóvbUvBb wb‡R L„óvb n‡jb bv, KviY Zuvi eû
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 103
mn‡hvMxB RywcUvi Ges †iv‡gi †`eZvi gw›`‡ii Ab¨vb¨
†`eZv‡`i wek¦vm Ki‡Zb| Zv‡`i g‡b hv‡Z †Kvb m‡›`‡ni
D‡`ªK bv nq †m R‡b¨ wZwb eûmsL¨K wm×vš— MÖnY K‡ib hv †_‡K
cÖgvwYZ nq †h wZwb †ivgvb †`eZv‡`iB Dcvmbv Ki‡Zb| hLb
cjxq PvP© I hxïi cÖK…Z Abymvix L„óvb‡`i Pv‡P©i g‡a¨ cy‡iv‡bv
we‡iva gv_v Pvov w`‡q DVj ZLbI me wKQy fvjfv‡eB PjwQj
e‡j AbywgZ nq|
G mgq hxï Abymvix Pv‡P©i †bZv wQ‡jb GKRb hvRK whwb
BwZnv‡m Avwiqvm bv‡g cwiwPZ| wZwb Rb¥MZ m~‡Î wQ‡jb
wjweqvi Awaevmx| hxï Abymvix PvP©‡K wZwb GK bqv kw³ `vb
K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb hxïi wk¶vi ب_©nxb Abymvix wQ‡jb Ges c‡ji
cÖewZ©Z ag© MÖnY Ki‡Z A¯^xK…wZ Rvbvb| Avwiqv‡mi K_v wQj,
hxï †h ag© cÖPvi Ki‡Qb †mUvB AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡eÑ Ab¨wKQy
bq| GLb ch©š— G‡Kk¦iev‡`i mg_©K wn‡m‡e Zvi bvg ¯§iY Kiv
n‡q _v‡K| G †_‡K Zvi f~wgKv I Av‡e`‡bi ¸i“Z¡ Abyaveb Kiv
hvq|
cjxq PvP© Avwiqv‡mi KvQ †_‡K cÖPÊ av°v †L‡qwQj| Zvi
kΓ‡`i gZ wZwb †Kvb KzPµx e¨w³ wQ‡jb bv| ZvB mvaviY
gvby‡li gZ ZvivI Zv‡K wek¦¯— I wb‡`©vl hvRK wn‡m‡e ¯^xKvi
Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡qwQj| †h mgq gy‡L gy‡L ag©cÖPv‡ii cÖ_v `ye©j n‡q
co‡Z ïi“ K‡iwQj (†h hxïi wk¶v‡K Rxeš— †i‡LwQj) Ges hLb
wjwLZ ag©MÖ‡š’i cÖwZI wek¦vm n«vm †c‡Z ïi“ K‡iwQj ZLb
Avwiqvm Zuvi cÖvYkw³ I Ávb w`‡q Df‡qiB cybi“¾xeb I
bevqb mvab K‡iwQ‡jb| cjxq PvP© I mgªvU KbóvbUvB‡bi g‡a¨
M‡o IVv AvuZvZ †_‡K wZwb `~‡i m‡i wQ‡jb|
Avwiqvm cjxq Pv‡P©i KÆi mgv‡jvPK, a‡g©i R‡b¨
Rxe‡bvrmM©Kvix, cvwʇZ¨i R‡b¨ myL¨vZ Gw›UI‡Ki jywmqv‡bi
(Lucian) wkl¨ wQ‡jb| jywmqvb Zuvi c~e©m~wii gZB cjxq Pv‡P©i
104 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
ag©gZ AbymiY bv Kivi Kvi‡Y wbnZ nb| GB Pv‡P©i Kv‡Q
MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq Ggb ag© wek¦vm jvjb Kivi wec¾bK cwiYwZ
m¤ú‡K© Avwiqvm m‡PZb wQ‡jb| Zuvi cÖ_g Rxeb in‡m¨i Avov‡j
Ave„Z _vK‡jI Rvbv hvq †h 318 L„. wZwb Av‡jKRvw›`ªqvi
eKvwjm (Baucalis) Pv‡P©i `vwq‡Z¡ wb‡qvwRZ wQ‡jb| bMixi
PvP©¸‡jvi g‡a¨ GwU wQj me©v‡c¶v cÖvPxb Ges Ab¨Zg ¸i“Z¡c~Y©
PvP©|
cÖvß Ach©vß Z_¨ †_‡K Rvbv hvq, Avwiqvm wQ‡jb `xN© I
K…kKvq| wZwb nq‡Zv my`k©b wQ‡jb, wKš‘ AwZkq K…kKvq nIqvi
Kvi‡Y Zvi gyLgÊj wQj AZ¨š— d¨vKv‡k, Ab¨w`‡K `„wókw³i
`ye©jZvi R‡b¨ Zvi `„wó _vKZ AvbZ| Zvi †cvkvK I e¨envi
wQj GKRb wbôvevb Zvc‡mi| wZwb GKwU Lv‡Uv nvZv `xN© †KvU
cwiavb Ki‡Zb| Zvi gv_vi Pzj wQj RU cvKv‡bv| mvaviYZ
wZwb bxie _vK‡jI †Kvb †Kvb Dcj‡¶ cÖPÊ D‡ËwRZ ¯^‡i K_v
ej‡Zb| Zvi Kɯ^‡i GKwU gvayh© wQj| Zvi wbKU mvwbœ‡a¨ hviv
AvmZ Zviv Zvi Avš—wiKZv I e¨env‡i gy» nZ| wZwb
Av‡jKRvw›`ªqvi me©v‡c¶v ¸i“Z¡c~Y© hvRK wnmv‡e mK‡ji Mfxi
kÖ×v AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb:
Zuvi L¨vwZ wkMwMiB Av‡jKRvw›`ªqvi evB‡iI Qwo‡q c‡o|
GKRb wbôvevb Kg©x Ges K‡Vvi Zvcm Rxeb Zuv‡K G L¨vwZ
G‡b w`‡qwQj| wZwb wQ‡jb GKRb ¶gZvkvjx ag©- cÖPviK
whwb AZ¨š— `„pZvi mv‡_ †LvjvLywj a‡g©i gnvb bxwZ I Av`k©
AbymiY K‡iwQ‡jb| Zuvi wQj Ac~e© evwM¥Zv I PgrKvi
e¨w³Z¡| wZwb †h wel‡q AvMÖn †eva Ki‡Zb Zv A‡b¨i g‡a¨
mÂvwiZ Ki‡Z m¶g wQ‡jb| we‡k¦i Ab¨vb¨ gnvb ag©xq
†bZv‡`i gZ wZwbI wQ‡jb †Muvov ag©wbô Ges wZwb †h ag©gZ
cÖPvi Ki‡Zb Zv wQj ewjô I djcÖm~|1
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 105
Rvbv hvq †h Av‡jKRvw›`ªqvi eû gwnjv Zvi Abymvix
n‡qwQj| G L„óvb gwnjv‡`i msL¨v 7kZÕi Kg wQj bv|2
G mgq ch©š— GKRb L„óvb‡KI Zvi ag© wek¦v‡mi Rb¨ cxob
Kiv nqwb| wewfbœ L„óvb m¤úÖ`v‡qi g‡a¨ gZ cv_©K¨ wQj, KL‡bv
Zv Mfxi I wZ³ iƒc cwiMÖn KiZ, wKš‘ †Kvb e¨w³i ag© wek¦vm
wQj Zvi wbR¯^ e¨w³MZ wm×vš— I Avš—wiKZvi welq| c„w_ex
†_‡K hxïi Aš—a©v‡bi c‡ii G mgqKv‡j mva I Ôag© knx`Õiv
Zv‡`i ag© wek¦v‡mi mv‡_ Av‡cvl Kivi †P‡q nvwmgy‡L cÖvY
w`‡q‡Qb| kvmK KZ©…c¶ G ag©wek¦vmx‡`i wbg©~j Kivi R‡b¨
Z‡jvqvi D‡Ëvjb Ki‡jI wbwðZfv‡e Zv‡`i ag© wek¦vm cwieZ©‡b
eva¨ K‡iwb| KbóvbUvBb hLb cjxq Pv‡P©i mv‡_ cÖ_g †RvUe×
n‡jb, ZLb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z bvUKxq cwieZ©b †`Lv w`j| wZwb †ivgvb
†`eZv‡`i c~Rvwi wQ‡jb Ges †cŠËwjK iv‡óªi ag©xq cÖavb nIqv
m‡Ë¡I mivmwi cjxq PvP©‡K mg_©b Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡ib| cjxq
L„óag© I hxïi g~j a‡g©i Abymvix‡`i g‡a¨ GKwU we‡f` m„wó
KivB m¤¢eZ Zvi D‡Ïk¨ wQj| G AvbyK‚j¨ L„óvbag©‡K bZzb
Av‡jvq D™¢vwmZ K‡i Ges Kvh©Z Zv †ivgvb mvgªv‡R¨i ivóªxq ag©
wek¦v‡m cwiYZ nq| eû †jv‡Ki R‡b¨B L„óvb ag© AvKw¯§Kfv‡e
hyMcr bxwZ I myweav jv‡fi welq n‡q I‡V| d‡j mvgvb¨ miKvix
Pvc cÖ‡qvM Ki‡ZB G hver wbi‡c¶ wKQy †jvK cjxq Pv‡P©i
Abymvix‡Z cwiYZ nq| Z‡e eû †jvKB Aš—i †_‡K bq, m¤ú~Y©
wfbœ Kvi‡Y L„óa‡g© `x¶v MÖnY K‡i| L„óvb ag© GK MY Av‡›`vjb
n‡q D‡V| 3 hv‡nvK, G NUbv cjxq PvP© I hxïi cÖK…Z Abymvix
L„óvb m¤úÖ`v‡qi g‡a¨ cybivq wefw³ NUvq| hviv myweav jv‡fi
Rb¨ L„óvb ag© MÖnY K‡iwQj Zviv ¯^fveZB A‡bK Kg K‡Vvi
cjxq PvP©‡K †e‡Q wb‡qwQj| Ab¨w`‡K hxïi cÖK…Z a‡g©i Abymvix
PvP© Zv‡`iB Avgš¿Y RvbvZ hvi wbôvi mv‡_ G ag©wU MÖnY I
cvj‡b m¤§Z wQj| KbóvbUvBb, whwb G ch©v‡q bv L„óag©‡K
106 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
Dcjwä Ki‡Zb bv Zv‡Z wek¦vm Ki‡Zb, GKwU HK¨e× Pv‡P©i
ivR‰bwZK myweav Dcjwä K‡ib hv Zv‡K gvb¨ Ki‡e Ges hvi
†K›`ª n‡e †ivg, †Ri“hv‡jg bq| hxïi a‡g©i cÖK…Z Abymvix PvP©
hLb Zvi B”Qv cvj‡b A¯^xK…wZ Rvbvq ZLb wZwb ej cÖ‡qv‡Mi
gva¨‡g Zv‡`i ekxf~Z Kivi †Póv Ki‡jb| G AKviY Pvc wKš‘
cÖZ¨vwkZ dj e‡q Avb‡Z cv‡iwb| hxïi cÖK…Z a‡g©i Abymvix
†ek wKQy L„óvb m¤úÖ`vq ZLb ch©š— †iv‡gi wek‡ci cÖfyZ¡ †g‡b
wb‡Z A¯^xK…wZ Rvwb‡qwQj| Zviv G NUbv‡K GKRb we‡`wk
kvm‡Ki ivR‰bwZK D‡Ïk¨ mva‡bi Ges hxïi wk¶v †_‡K m¤ú~Y©
c„_K GKwU c`‡¶c wn‡m‡eB MY¨ K‡i|
cÖ_g we‡`ªv‡ni NUbvwU M‡U DËi Avwd«Kvq evievi m¤úÖ`v‡qi
ga¨ †_‡K Avwiqvm bb, †WvbvUvm (Donatus) bvgK GK e¨w³ G
we‡`ªv‡ni †bZ…Z¡ †`b| evieviiv mvgwMÖKfv‡e KwZcq †gŠwjK
wek¦v‡m wek¦vmx wQj| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q kw³kvjx wQj Ck¦‡ii
GK‡Z¡ wek¦vm| Zviv hxï‡K GKRb bex wn‡m‡eB wek¦vm KiZ,
Ck¦i wn‡m‡e KL‡bvB bq| †h‡nZz hxï Zuvi ag© cÖPv‡ii †K›`ª
wn‡m‡e †iv‡gi K_v KL‡bvB D‡jL K‡ibwb †m‡nZz Zv‡`i Kv‡Q
G iKg †Kvb aviYv MÖnY‡hvM¨ wQj bv| 313 L„. Gme †jvK
†WvbvUvm‡K Zv‡`i wekc wn‡m‡e wbe©vPb K‡i| cÖvq 40 eQi a‡i
†WvbvUvm Zv‡`i Pv‡P©i †bZ…‡Z¡ †`b hv †iv‡gi wek‡ci cÖwZc¶
wn‡m‡eB µgk cÖmvi jvf K‡i| †R‡iv‡gi g‡Z, Ô†WvbvUvmev`Õ
GK cÖR‡b¥i g‡a¨ cÖvq mgMÖ DËi Avwd«Kvi a‡g© cwiYZ nq|
†Kvb kw³ ev hyw³ w`‡qB Zvi cwieZ©b Kiv m¤¢e wQj bv|
†iv‡gi wekc †WvbvUv‡mi ¯’‡j Kv‡_©‡R Avi GKRb wb‡Ri
wekc‡K cÖwZwôZ Kivi †Póv K‡ib| Zvi bvg wQj †Kwmwjqvb
(Cacealian)| mgªvU Kb÷vbUvB‡bi gh©v`vi Kvi‡Y Dfq
wee`gvb c¶B G e¨vcv‡i Zvi kiYvcbœ nq| g‡b nq, Zviv
†f‡ewQj †h †Kvb GK ivRvi mg_©b jvf Ki‡j Avi jovB Ki‡Z
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 107
n‡e bv| mgªvU KbóvbUvB‡bi c„ô‡cvlKZv jv‡fi G cÖqvm L„óvb
a‡g©i BwZnv‡m GK ¸i“Z¡c~Y© cwieZ©‡bi m~Pbv K‡i| GB
cÖ_gev‡ii gZ gZwe‡f` I cÖPwjZ ag©g‡Z Awek¦vm wbi‡c¶
AvBb Øviv kvw¯—‡hvM¨ Aciva nIqv m¤¢e nj| GB AvB‡b a‡g©i
i¶vKeP †mB cv‡e †h wb‡R‡K KÆi ag© wek¦vmx e‡j cÖgvY Ki‡Z
cvi‡e Ges Zv cvivi ci G AvBb Zvi wei“‡×B e¨eüZ n‡e †h
ag© wek¦v‡mi bqv gvb`‡Êi mv‡_ wfbœgZ †cvlY Ki‡e|
KbóvbUvBb †Kwmwjqv‡bi c¶ mg_©b Ki‡jb| Kv‡_©‡Ri
Awaevmxiv †ivgvb Dc-Kbmv‡ji Awd‡mi mvg‡b R‡ov nj Ges
†Kwmwjqv‡bi wb›`v Kij| KbóvbUvBb Zv‡`i AvPi‡Y wei³
n‡jb| Zv m‡Ë¡I wZwb Dfq c‡¶i e³e¨ †kvbvi R‡b¨ †iv‡gi
wek‡ci †bZ…‡Z¡ GKwU UªvBeybvj MVb K‡ib| †WvbvUvm †mLv‡b
nvwRi nbwb Ges Zvi c‡¶ hyw³- ZK© †ck KiviI †KD †mLv‡b
wQj bv| Zvi Abycw¯’wZ‡ZB Zvi wei“‡× ivq †`Iqv nq|
Avwd«Kvq hxïi cÖK…Z wk¶vi Abymvix PvP© †ivgvb wek‡ci cÖ`Ë
GKZidv ivq cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i| G NUbvq KbóvbUvB‡bi wei“‡× G
e‡j †¶vf cÖKvk Kiv nj †h, ÒCk¦‡ii gš¿xMY dvjZz
gvgjvevR‡`i gZ wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ evK- weZÊvq wjß wQ‡jbÓ4
nZvk nIqv m‡Ë¡I KbóvbUvBb Avi‡j‡m bZzb K‡i GKwU
UªvBeybvj ¯’vcb Ki‡jb| Dfq c‡¶i ïbvwb AbywôZ nIqvi Av‡M
†Kvb iKg msNl© hv‡Z bv N‡U †m R‡b¨ Zv‡`i c„_K c„_K c‡_
Avi‡j‡m Avmvi R‡b¨ wb‡`©k †`Iqv nq| †WvbvUv‡mi mg_©Kiv
cybivq civwRZ nb| G UªvBeybv‡ji iv‡q ejv nq : ÒwekcMY
wb‡R‡`i wec¾bK †jvK‡`i mv‡_B †`L‡Z †c‡q‡Qb hv‡`i
†`‡ki KZ©…c¶- ev HwZ‡n¨i cÖwZ †Kvb kÖ×v †bB| GKgvÎ kvw¯—B
Zv‡`i cÖvc¨|Ó5 Av‡Mi iv‡qi PvB‡Z G ivq †Kvbfv‡eB c„_K
wQj bv| d‡j DËi Avwd«Kvi L„óvb‡`i Kv‡Q Zv †Kvbµ‡gB
MÖnY‡hvM¨ wQj bv| ev¯—‡e †ivgvb Dc-Kbmvj I ivR-
108 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
Kg©Pvix‡`i cÖwZ Zv‡`i mvgvb¨B kÖ×v wQj| K‡qK cÖRb¥ a‡i
L„óvbiv Zv‡`i wbcxo‡bi wkKvi nq Ges kqZv‡bi †Pjv wn‡m‡e
Zv‡`i AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq| Av‡M Zviv wbcxwoZ nZ L„óvb nIqvi
Kvi‡Y| GLb Zv‡`i Dci wbcxob †b‡g Av‡m Zviv cÖK…Z L„óvb
bq e‡j| DËi Avwd«Kvi L„óvbiv ïaygvÎ †iv‡gi cjxq Pv‡P©i
wek‡ci ivq ejer Kivi R‡b¨ †ivgvb mvgªv‡R¨i ivRKg©Pvix‡`i
ivZvivwZ Ck¦‡ii †meK e‡b hvIqvi welqwU‡K †g‡b wb‡Z
cv‡iwb| G mgq ch©š— †WvbvUvm Zv‡`i wekc wQ‡jb| GLb wZwb
Zv‡`i RbwcÖq †bZvq cwiYZ n‡jb|
GB weL¨vZ e¨w³ m¤ú‡K© Lye AíB Rvbv hvq| wZwb †h me
MÖš’ wj‡LwQ‡jb †m¸‡jv mn eû g~j¨evb MÖš’ mg„× Zvi jvB‡eªwiwU
†ivgvb ˆmb¨iv cywo‡q †`q| G KvRwU Zviv K‡iwQj †ivgvb L„óvb
Pv‡P©i bv‡g hv ZLb GK †cŠËwjK ivRvi mg_©‡b µgk ¸i“Z¡ jvf
I kw³ AR©b KiwQj| hv †nvK, †WvbvUv‡mi AZxZ Rxeb, Zvi
e¨w³MZ Rxeb, Zvi eÜz- evÜe ev Rxe‡bi NUbvejx m¤ú‡K©
†Zgb wKQy Rvbv hvq bv| ïay Rvbv hvq †h wZwb GKRb PgrKvi
evM¥x Ges GKRb weivU †bZv wQ‡jb| wZwb †h me ¯’v‡b
wM‡qwQ‡jb, Zvi g„Zz¨i eûKvj ciI †m me ¯’v‡b Zv‡K ¯§iY Kiv
nZ| Zvi Abymvixiv Zvi Ô†k¦Z ïå †KkÕ ¯úk© K‡i kc_ MÖnY
Ki‡Zb| wZwb wQ‡jb †m me ag©cÖvY hvRK‡`i AbymiYxq Av`k©
hviv wbwðZ wQ‡jb †h mwVK c_ AbymiY Ki‡j BnKvj I
ciKv‡jI Zvi mydj jvf Ki‡eb| Zvi wbôv I mZZv kΓ-wgÎ
mK‡jiB kÖ×v AR©b K‡iwQj| wZwb GKRb ag©xq ms¯‹viK
wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ wQ‡jb| Òwhwb Kv‡_©R-G PvP©‡K åvwš— †_‡K gy³
K‡iwQ‡jb|Ó6 RbmvaviY Zv‡K GKRb A‡jŠwKK Kg©x Ges
`vwb‡q‡ji †P‡q Ávbx Zvcm wn‡m‡e m¤§vb KiZ| hxïi cÖK…Z
wk¶v we‡jvc I cwieZ©‡bi mKj Ac‡Póvi wei“‡× wZwb GK
AUj cvnv‡oi gZ `Êvqgvb wQ‡jb|
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 109
mgªvU KbóvbUvBb `yB Pv‡P©i Kv‡Q †jLv GK c‡Î Zv‡`i
ga¨Kvi we‡iva fy‡j †h‡Z Ges Zvi mgw_©Z Pv‡P©i Aax‡b Dfq
c¶‡K HK¨e× nIqvi AvnŸvb Rvbvb| G cÎwU Zvrch©c~Y© G
Kvi‡Y †h G‡Z KbóvbUvBb wb‡R‡K Pv‡P©i me©gq KZ©v wn‡m‡e
we‡ePbv K‡i‡Qb Ges G‡Z hxï m¤ú‡K© †Kvb cÖKvi D‡jL bv
_vKvq welqwU bRi Kv‡o| Z‡e †KD G c‡Îi Øviv cÖfvweZ nqwb
Ges Avi‡jm Gi UªvBeybv‡j †h wm×vš— nq Zv ev¯—evq‡biI †Kvb
AMÖMwZ †`Lv hvqwb|
315 L„. mgªvU †iv‡g cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡ib| BZvwji Dˇi
d«vsKiv †h nvgjv ïi“ K‡i Zv `g‡bi R‡b¨ wgjvb Mgb Kiv
mgªv‡Ui R‡b¨ Ri“wi n‡q c‡owQj| G mgq wZwb cwiw¯’wZ
ch©‡e¶Y I mgm¨vi mgvav‡bi j‡¶¨ Avwd«Kvq †cÖi‡Yi R‡b¨
GKwU Kwgkb MVb K‡ib| Kwgkb †mLv‡b †cŠQ‡j Zv‡K eR©b
Kiv nq Ges Ggb mwnsm `v½v ïi“ nq †h Kwgk‡bi m`m¨iv
†Kvb mvdj¨ AR©b QvovB BZvwj‡Z wd‡i Avm‡Z eva¨ nb| GB
AcÖxwZKi msev` KbóvbUvB‡bi Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q 316 L„.| wZwb ¯^qs
DËi Avwd«Kv Mgb Ges mwVK Kxfv‡e m‡e©v”P Ck¦‡ii Dcvmbv
Ki‡Z n‡e †m wel‡q my¯úó digvb Rvwii wm×vš— MÖnY K‡ib|
j¶Yxq †h KbóvbUvBb G ai‡bi GKwU ivq cÖ`vb Zuvi
KZ©…‡Z¡i GLwZqvif~³ e‡j MY¨ K‡iwQ‡jb| Avwd«Kvq `yB Pv‡P©i
Kv‡Q †h cÎ wj‡LwQ‡jb Zv‡Z wZwb e‡jwQ‡jb .
Avgvi c‡¶ Av‡iv hv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Zv nj mKj åvwš— `~i
K‡i Ges nVKvix gZvgZ aŸsm K‡i w`‡q mKj †jvK‡K mZ¨
ag© I mij Rxe‡bi c_ AbymiY Ges me©kw³gvb Ck¦‡ii
cÖvc¨ Dcvmbv Kivi AvnŸvb Rvbv‡bv|7
GUv my¯úó †h hxïi `„óvš— fy‡j hvIqv I D‡c¶v Kivi
cÖeYZv ïi“ nIqvi ci †_‡K ÔmZ¨ ag©Õ GK gZvg‡Zi welq n‡q
`uvovq Ges KbóvbUvBb wb‡R †h gZ mg_©b Ki‡Zb Zv Qvov Ab¨
110 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
†Kvb gZvgZ wQj bv| Gfv‡e mgªvU KbóvbUvBb Ggb GKwU
a‡g©i Af¨š—ixY e¨vcv‡i Mfxifv‡e AvMÖnx n‡q D‡VwQ‡jb hv wZwb
wb‡R AbymiY Ki‡Zb bv| KbóvbUvBb wb‡R‡K Pv‡P©i †bZv‡`i
†P‡qI AwaK KZ©…Z¡evb g‡b Ki‡Zb Ges g‡b nq wbR‡K mvaviY
giYkxj gvby‡li PvB‡Z Ck¦‡ii wbR¯^ cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡eB we‡ePbv
Ki‡Zb| Avi‡jm (Arles)- Gi UªvBeybv‡j †h me cjxq wekc
wePviK wn‡m‡e Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb ZvivI m¤¢eZ KbóvbUvB‡bi gZB
aviYv †cvlY Ki‡Zb| Zuviv `vwe Ki‡Zb †h Zv‡`i cwiKíbv
ÒcweÎ AvZ¥v I Zuvi †`e`~‡Zi mvg‡bB wjwce× n‡qwQj|Ó8 wKš‘
Zv‡`i ivq hLb D‡cw¶Z nj ZLb Zuviv mvnv‡h¨i Rb¨ mgªv‡Ui
kiYvcbœ n‡jb|
KbóvbUvBb cwiKíbv MÖnY Ki‡jI Avwd«Kv md‡i hvbwb|
†WvbvUvm cš’xiv GZ kw³kvjx n‡q D‡VwQ‡jb †h mgªvU‡K
†WvbvUvm I †K‡mwq‡bi ga¨Kvi we‡iv‡a e¨w³MZfv‡e n¯—‡¶c bv
Kivi civgk© †`Iqv nq| hw` Zuvi e¨w³MZ n¯—‡¶c e¨_© nZ
Z‡e †mUv nZ Zuvi gh©v`vi cÖwZ GK weivU AvNvZ| ZvB wZwb
†WvbvUv‡mi wb›`v K‡i GKwU digvb Rvwi Ki‡jb| G‡Z m‡e©v”P
Ck¦‡ii h‡_vwPZ cš’vq cÖv_©bvi my‡hvM myweav wel‡q Zvi `„wó
AvKl©Y Kiv nq|9 hLb Zv D‡cw¶Z nj ZLb AZ¨š— K‡Vvi GK
AvBbÕ Rvwi K‡i Avwd«Kvq †cÖwiZ nj| G‡Z †WvbvUv‡mi
Abymvix‡`i mKj PvP© ev‡Rqvß Ges Zv‡`i mKj †bZv‡K
wbe©vm‡b cvVv‡bvi wb‡`©k †`Iqv nq| †K‡mwjqvb cÖ_‡g
†WvbvUvmcš’x PvP©‡`i †bZv‡`i Dr‡KvP w`‡q nvZ Kivi †Póv
K‡ib, wKš‘ e¨_© nb| †WvbvUvmcš’xiv ivRKxq digvb AMÖvn¨ I
Dr‡KvP D‡c¶v K‡i| Zviv A_© Dr‡Kv‡Pi cÖ¯—v‡ei welqwU
cÖKv‡k¨ duvm K‡i †`q| †K‡mwjqvb ÒKmvB Gi PvB‡ZI wbg©g
Ges GKRb ˆ¯^ivPvixi PvB‡ZI wbôyiÓ wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ nb|10
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 111
BwZg‡a¨ ÔK¨v_wjKÕ we‡klY MÖnYKvix †iv‡gi PvP©
†WvbvUvmcš’x‡`i Kv‡Q HK¨e× nIqvi Av‡e`b Rvwb‡qwQj|
Ck¦‡ii Dcvmbvq Zv‡`i ag©gZ‡K mve©Rbxb Kivi j‡¶¨B Zviv G
bvgwU MÖnY K‡i| hv †nvK, Zv‡`i Av‡e`‡bi †Kvb mvov †g‡jwb
Ges †WvbvUvm †K‡mwjqv‡bi Kv‡Q Zvi PvP©¸‡jv n¯—vš—i Ki‡Z
A¯^xK…wZ Rvbvb| †kl ch©š— †ivgvb †mbvevwnbx gv‡V bv‡g|
cvBKvwifv‡e †jvKRb‡K nZ¨v Kiv nq| g„Z‡`‡n¸‡jv K‚‡ci
g‡a¨ wb‡¶c Ges wekc‡`i Zv‡`i Pv‡P©i Af¨š—‡i nZ¨v K‡i|
wKš‘ †WvbvUvm †eu‡P hvb Ges Abgbxq _v‡Kb| Gici Zuv‡`i
Av‡›`vjb Av‡Mi †P‡qI †Rvi`vi nq| Zuviv knx`‡`i PvP©
(Church of Martyrs) bv‡g wb‡R‡`i Pv‡P©i bvgKiY K‡ib|
G mKj NUbvq †WvbvUvmcš’x I K¨v_wjK PvP© †cŠËwjK
wePviKMY (Magistrates) I Zv‡`i ˆmb¨‡`i mv‡_ GK‡RvU
n‡q KvR KiwQj, †m‡nZz Zv‡`i we‡f`cš’x Ges Zv‡`i
PvP©¸‡jv‡K ÔN„Y¨ cÖwZgv Dcvmbvi ¯’vbÕ wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ Kiv
nq|
KbóvbUvBb, whwb GKRb `¶ cÖkvmK wQ‡jb, ej cÖ‡qv‡M
ag©xq m¤úÖxwZ I HK¨ cybi“×v‡i Zuvi e¨_©Zv Dcjwä Ki‡Z m¶g
nb| weP¶YZv exi‡Z¡i A½ G we‡ePbvq wZwb DËi Avwd«Kvi
RbmvaviY‡K Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i Dci †Q‡o †`Iqvi wm×vš— †bb|
G me NUbv I †m¸‡jvi djvdj cieZ©xKv‡j Zvi KvDwÝj Ae
wbwmqv (Council of Nicea) AvnŸv‡bi wm×vš— MÖn‡Y GK weivU
f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|
G mgq Avwiqv‡mi Kɯ^i †Kej †kvbv †h‡Z ïi“ K‡iwQj|
Zvi Kvwnwb‡Z wd‡i hvIqvi Av‡M Bmjv‡gi AvMg‡bi c~e© ch©š—
†WvbvUvmcš’x‡`i GKwU msw¶ß BwZnvm eY©bv Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|
†h‡nZz KbóvbUvBb DËi Avwd«Kv †_‡K Zvi g‡bv‡hvM mwi‡q G‡b
mvgªv‡R¨i Ab¨vb¨ ¯’v‡bi w`‡K wbe× K‡iwQ‡jb †m Kvi‡Y
112 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
†WvbvUvmcš’x‡`i Dci wbcxo‡bi gvÎv A‡bK K‡g G‡mwQj|
Zv‡`i msL¨v cybivq `ª“Z e„w× †c‡Z ïi“ K‡i| Zviv GZUv
kw³kvjx n‡q I‡V †h mgªvU hLb 330 L„. DËi Avwd«Kvq
K¨v_wjK‡`i R‡b¨ GKwU PvP© wbg©vY K‡ib ZLb †WvbvUvmcš’xiv
Zv `Lj K‡i †bq| mgªvU G NUbvq AZ¨š— µz× nb| wKš‘
Av‡iKwU PvP© wbg©v‡Yi R‡b¨ K¨v_wjK‡`i ch©vß A_© cÖ`v‡bi
cÖwZkÖ“wZ cÖ`vb Kiv Qvov Zvi Avi wKQy Kivi wQj bv|
†WvbvUvmcš’x‡`i Av‡›`vjb †ivg ch©š— we¯—vi jvf K‡i| †iv‡g
Zv‡`iI GKRb wekc wQ‡jb, Z‡e c`gh©v`vi w`K †_‡K Zv‡K
Kv‡_©R (Carthage) I wb‡Kv‡gwWqvi (Nicomedia) wek‡ci
†P‡q GKavc bx‡P e‡j MY¨ Kiv nZ|11
†WvbvUvm Kv‡_©‡R mve©‡fŠg KZ©…Z¡ jvf K‡iwQ‡jb| RbMY
Ab¨vb¨ giYkxj gvby‡li PvB‡Z Zv‡K Av‡iv D”Pch©v‡qi gvbyl
e‡j we‡ePbv KiZ| Zv‡K KL‡bvB wekc e‡j WvKv n‡Zv bv, eis
wZwb ÔKv‡_©‡Ri †WvbvUvmÕ bv‡gB cwiwPZ wQ‡jb| AvMv÷vBb
GKevi Awf‡hvM K‡ib †h †WvbvUvmcš’xiv hxïi wei“‡× ag©xq
Aegvbbvi PvB‡Z †WvbvUv‡mi wei“‡× AcgvbRbK wKQyi †¶‡Î
†ewk K‡Vvi cÖwZwµqv e¨³ K‡i| NUbvwU mZ¨ wQj| KviY
ZrKvjxb K¨v_wjKiv †WvbvUvm m¤ú‡K© wKQy ejvi mgq K‡Vvi I
wbôyi fvlv e¨envi KiZ|
hLb KbóvbUvB‡bi ivR‡Z¡i Aemvb N‡U, ZLb
†WvbvUvmcš’xiv Pv‡P©i ¯^vaxbZvi R‡b¨ ZrciZv Ae¨vnZ iv‡L|
Zviv a‡g©i e¨vcv‡i mgªvU A_ev ivRKg©KZ©v‡`i n¯—‡¶‡ci
we‡ivax wQj| Z‡e, Zviv wKš‘ Avi hvB †nvK, msKxY© wPË wQj bv|
AvMvóvBb e‡j‡Qb †h Zviv K¨v_wjK‡`i Dci wbcxob PvjvZ bv,
GgbwK Zviv hLb Zv‡`i †P‡q msL¨vq †ewk n‡q c‡o, ZLbI
bv| K¨v_wjKMY, hviv me mgq wb‡R‡`i mwnòy e‡j `vwe Ki‡Z
cÖ¯‘Z wQj, Zviv GUv ei`vkZ Ki‡Z m¤§Z wQj bv| hLb Av‡iv
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 113
GKevi fq- Winxb †WvbvUvmcš’x‡`i `g‡bi R‡b¨ ivRKxq
ˆmb¨evwnbx †cÖiY Kiv nq, ZLb Gi cÖgvY cvIqv hvq| hv‡nvK,
`gb- wbcxob Ae¨vnZ _vKv m‡Ë¡I †WvbvUvmcš’xiv mgªvU‡K
Zv‡`i ag©gZ ev Ck¦i- Dcvmbvi cš’v cwieZ©b Ki‡Z w`‡Z
A¯^xK…wZ Rvwb‡qwQj| Zv‡`i AwfgZ wQj GB †h,
ÒK¨v_wjKM‡Yi cy‡ivwnZiv Amr e¨w³ hviv Bn‡jv‡Ki ivRb¨
e‡M©i mv‡_ KvR K‡i| ivR- AbyMÖ‡ni Dci wbf©ikxj n‡q Zviv
hxïi Aegvbbv K‡i‡Q|12
†WvbvUv‡mi g„Zz¨i ci DËi Avwd«Kvi Awaevmxiv Zvi Av`k©
AbymiY Ae¨vnZ iv‡L| Zviv 3kZÕ eQi a‡i Zvi cÖPvwiZ hxïi
wk¶v AbymiY K‡i| c‡i Bmjv‡gi AvMgb NU‡j Zviv Bmjvg
MÖnY K‡i hv wQj Kvh©Z Zv‡`i Abym„Z a‡g©iB GK m¤úÖmvwiZ I
mg_©bKvix ag©|
†WvbvUv‡mi Av‡›`vj‡bi cvkvcvwk GKB mg‡q A_P m¤ú~Y©
¯^vaxb GK Av‡›`vjb `w¶Y wgm‡i PjwQj| KbóvbUvBb hLb
324 L„. DËi Avwd«Kvi RU †Lvjvi R‡b¨ Av‡iKevi D‡`¨vM MÖnY
K‡iwQ‡jb ZLwb Zvi `„wó wgk‡ii Dci cwZZ nq| wgki ZLb
we‡`ªvn †Mvj‡hvM I AivRKZvq AvKxY© wQj| Wv‡qv‡K¬vwkqv‡bi
(Diocletioan) †bZ…‡Z¡ L„óvb‡`i cÖwZ wbcxob hLb Zz‡½
D‡VwQj, ZLb A‡b‡KB Zv cwinv‡ii R‡b¨ Zvi mv‡_ mg‡SvZv
K‡iwQj| †g‡jwUqvm (Meletius) bvgK GKRb cy‡ivwnZ G
mgq e‡jb †h, †hme cy‡ivwnZ cÖKv‡k¨ L„óa‡g©i wb›`v K‡i‡Q
Zv‡`i hvRKe„wËi KvR cybivq ïi“ Kivi †¶‡Î evav †`qv DwPZ|
wZwb Av‡iv Dcjwä K‡ib †h cÖvqwð‡Ëi ch©vß cÖgvY bv cÖ`k©b
Kiv ch©š— mKj weï× cÖv_©bv mgv‡e‡k Zv‡`i †hvM`vb eÜ Ki‡Z
n‡e| G mgq Av‡jKRvw›`ªqvi cÖavb hvRK wcUvi Av‡iv bgbxq
cš’vi civgk© †`b| Z‡e AwaKvsk †jvKB †g‡jwUqvm‡K mg_©b
114 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
K‡i| Av‡jKRvÛvi hLb hvRK‡`i cÖavb n‡jb, wZwb
†g‡jwUqvm‡K gvB‡bm-G (Mines) wbe©vwmZ K‡ib|
†g‡jwUqvm wd‡i Avmvi ci eû Abymvix Zvi Pvicv‡k mg‡eZ
nb| wZwb wekc, cy‡ivwnZ I D”Pc‡`i huvRK‡`i wb‡qvM `vb
Ges eû wMR©v wbg©vY K‡iwQ‡jb| Zuvi Abymvixiv Zv‡`i
wbcxobKvix‡`i Kv‡Q AvZ¥mgc©Y Ki‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡iwQj|
†g‡jwUqvm Zvi PvP©‡K Òknx`‡`i PvP©Ó (Church of the
Martyrs) bv‡g AvL¨vwqZ K‡ib| Av‡jvKRvÛv‡ii Abymvixiv
Gi we‡ivax wQj| KviY Zviv wb‡R‡`i K¨v_wjK bv‡g AvL¨vwqZ
I c‡ji cÖPvwiZ L„óa‡g©i AbymiY KiZ| †g‡jwUqv‡mi g„Zz¨i ci
Av‡jKRvÛvi Zvi Abymvix‡`i cÖv_©bv mgv‡ek wbwl× K‡ib| G
Av‡`‡ki we‡ivwaZv K‡i Zviv mgªvU KbóvbUvB‡bi Kv‡Q GKwU
cÖwZwbwa `j †cÖiY K‡i| GKgvÎ wb‡Kv‡gwWqvi BD‡mweqv‡mi
(Eusebius) mvnvh¨ jvf K‡i Zviv mgªv‡Ui mv‡_ mv¶v‡Zi
AbygwZ jvf K‡i| mgªv‡Ui `iev‡i Zv‡`i Dcw¯’wZi NUbv
wbwmqvi KvDwÝj AvnŸv‡bi Ab¨Zg KviY wQj| BD‡mweqvm
Avwiqv‡mi eÜz wQ‡jb| GB mv¶v‡Zi ga¨w`‡q Avwiqvb I
†g‡jwUqvb Av‡›`vj‡bi g‡a¨ ms‡hvM ¯’vwcZ nq|
GB `yÕwU knx‡`i Pv‡P©i †cÖ¶vc‡U Avwiqv‡mi †bZ…‡Z¡
Av‡›`vjb msNwUZ nq| Avwiqv‡mi mg_©‡b †jLv †Kvb welq Ges
Zvi Av‡›`vj‡bi †Kvb cÖKvi wbi‡c¶ g~j¨vqb Kvh©Z aŸsmcÖvß
n‡q‡Q| GLb Avwiqvm m¤ú‡K© †hme eB‡Z D‡jL cvIqv hvq
Zvi cÖvq meB Zvi kΓ‡`i †jLv| †m Kvi‡Y Zuvi Rxeb I K‡g©i
c~Y© weeiY cÖ`vb G‡Kev‡iB Am¤¢e| wewfbœ m~Î †_‡K Zuvi
m¤ú‡K© †h me wPÎ cvIqv hvq Zv †Rvov w`‡j GB `uvovq :
Av‡jKRvw›`ªqvi wekc wcUvi Zuv‡K GKRb D”P c`gh©v`vi hvRK
wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM K‡ib, wKš‘ c‡i Zv‡K wZwb ewn®‹vi K‡ib|
wcUv‡ii DËim~wi cybivq Zuv‡K cy‡ivwnZ wb‡qvM K‡ib| Avwiqvm
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 115
GZ RbwcÖq n‡q I‡Vb †h hLb AvwPjv‡mi (Achillas) g„Zz¨ M‡U
ZLb Zvi ¯’vb `L‡ji me©cÖKvi my‡hvM RwoZ nIqvi †Kvb B”Qv
Zvi wQj bv| d‡j hvRK‡`i m‡e©v”P c`wU‡Z Av‡jKRvÛvi
mn‡RB AwawôZ nb| Avwiqv‡mi cÖPvwiZ ag©g‡Zi wei“‡× GKwU
Awf‡hvM Kiv n‡qwQj| Zvi cÖwZØ›Øx wQ‡jb G gvgjvi wePviK|
cwiYwZ‡Z Zuv‡K Avevi ewn®‹vi Kiv nq|
G ch©vq ch©š— L„óvb‡`i ag© wek¦v‡mi †¶‡Î weivU ¯^vaxbZv
wQj| hviv wb‡R‡`i L„óvb e‡j AvL¨vwqZ KiZ Zv‡`i g‡a¨ wecyj
msL¨K †jvK wÎZ¡ev`‡K MÖnY K‡iwQj| wKš‘ Gi cÖK…Z A_© wK †m
e¨vcv‡i †KDB wbwðZ wQj bv| wKQy †jvK AÜfv‡e Gi mg_©b
KiZ| Ab¨ w`‡K †WvbvUvm I †g‡jwUqv‡mi gZ wKQy †jvK Zv‡K
cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡iwQj| Avi G `y‡qi g‡a¨ hviv Ae¯’vb KiwQj, Zviv
wb‡Riv †h fv‡e fvj g‡b KiZ, wÎZ¡ev‡`i †mfv‡e e¨vL¨v Kivi
¯^vaxbZv Zv‡`i wQj| `yB kZvãx a‡i Av‡jvPbvi ciI †KDB G
ag©gZ‡K m‡›`ngy³ fv‡e e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z m¶g nqwb| Avwiqvm
wÎZ¡ev‡`i msÁv cÖ`v‡bi R‡b¨ P¨v‡jÄ Rvbv‡jb| Av‡jKRvÛvi
ZLb m¤ú~Y© cðv`cmib Ki‡jb| wZwb hZB Gi e¨vL¨v †`Iqvi
†Póv Ki‡jb ZZB wZwb weåvwš—i wkKvi n‡jb| Avwiqvm hyw³
w`‡q Ges cweÎ MÖ‡š’i cÖvgvwYKZvi Dci wbf©i K‡i wÎZ¡ev`‡K
wg_¨v e‡j cÖgvY Ki‡jb|
Gi ci Avwiqvm hxï m¤ú‡K© Av‡jKRvÛv‡ii †`Iqv e¨vL¨v
LÊb K‡ib| wZwb hyw³ †`Lvb †h hxï hw` cÖK…ZB ÔCk¦‡ii cyÎÕ
n‡q _v‡Kb Zvn‡j Zvi A_© GB `uvovq †h cy‡Îi c~‡e© wcZvi Aw¯—
Z¡ wQj| AZGe Ggb GKwU mgq Aek¨B wQj hLb mš—v‡bi Aw¯—
Z¡ wQj bv| myZivs Gi A_© GUvB nq †h cyÎ wQj †Kvb mËv ev
cÖvY Øviv MwVZ m„wó hv me mgqB Aw¯—Z¡kxj wQj bv| †h‡nZz Ck¦i
Abvw` I wPi¯’vqx mËv, †m Kvi‡Y hxï Ck¦‡ii gZ GKB mËv n‡Z
cv‡ib bv|
116 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
Avwiqvm me mgq hyw³- cÖgvY w`‡q K_v ej‡Zb| †h‡nZz
Av‡jKRvÛvi hyw³ cÖgvY mn cvëv Reve w`‡Z e¨_© n‡Zb †m
Kvi‡Y wZwb PU K‡iB µz× n‡q co‡Zb| Zuvi mv‡_ Z‡K©i mgq
Avwiqvm ej‡Zb: ÒAvgvi hyw³i ΓwU †Kv_vq Ges Avgvi
b¨vqvbygvb †Kv_vq f½ n‡q‡Q?Ó Gi Reve wgjZ bv| d‡j 321
L„. bvMv` Avwiqvm n‡q D‡VwQ‡jb GKRb RbwcÖq we‡`ªvnx
cy‡ivwnZ, wecyj iKg AvZ¥wek¦vmx Ges wb‡Ri wek¦v‡mi e¨vcv‡i
wØav ØÜnxb|
weZ‡K© GB e¨w³MZ wech©q NUvi ci Av‡jKRvÛvi
Avwiqv‡mi ag©g‡Zi e¨vcv‡i ivq †NvlYvi R‡b¨ GK cÖv‡`wkK
mfv AvnŸvb K‡ib| cÖvq 1kÕ wgkixq I wjexq wekc G‡Z
†hvM`vb K‡ib| Avwiqvm AZ¨š— ewjôfv‡e Zvi Ae¯’v‡bi K_v
e¨vL¨v K‡ib| wZwb `„pZvi mv‡_ e‡jb: Ggb GK mgq wQj hLb
hxï Aw¯—Z¡kxj wQ‡jb bv, A_P Ck¦i ZLbI weivwRZ wQ‡jb|
†h‡nZz hxï Ck¦i KZ©…K m„ó †m Kvi‡Y Zvi mËv mxgve×, myZivs
wZwb wPiš—b n‡Z cv‡ib bv| GKgvÎ Ck¦iB wPiš—b| †h‡nZz hxï
m„ó cÖvYx, †m Kvi‡Y wZwbI Ab¨vb¨ mKj hyw³ev`x cÖvYxi gZB
cwieZ©bkxj| GKgvÎ Ck¦iB AcwieZ©bxq| Gfv‡e wZwb †Rvi
w`‡q e‡jb †h hxï Ck¦i wQ‡jb bv| Aweivg hyw³ mnKv‡i Zvi
e³e¨ †c‡ki cvkvcvwk wZwb evB‡ej †_‡K ARmª †k­vK DׄwZ
Ki‡Zb †h¸‡jvi †Kv_vI wÎZ¡ev‡`i e¨vcv‡i †Kvb D‡jLB wQj
bv| wZwb e‡jb, hw` hxï e‡j _v‡Kb ÔAvgvi wcZv Avgvi †P‡q
†kªôÕ13 Zvn‡j Ck¦i I hxï mgK¶ G K_vq wek¦vm Kivi A_©
evB‡e‡ji mZ¨‡K A¯^xKvi Kiv|
Avwiqv‡mi hyw³ mg~n ALÊbxq wQj| wKš‘ Av‡jKRvÛvi Zvi
Ae¯’v‡bi myev‡` Zv‡K wbe©vm‡b †cÖiY K‡ib| Z‡e Avwiqv‡mi
Abymvixi msL¨v GZ wecyj wQj †h cjxq PvP© Zv‡K D‡c¶v Ki‡Z
cv‡iwb| we‡kl K‡i c~e©v‡ji A‡bK wekcB Av‡jKRvÛv‡ii
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 117
Rvwi Kiv Av‡`k †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡ibwb| †h weZK© 3kÕ eQi a‡i
UMeM K‡i dzUwQj Zv Gevi we‡ùvwiZ nj| c~e©v‡ji GZ †ewk
msL¨K wekc Avwiqvm‡K mg_©b K‡ib †h Av‡jKRvÛvi ixwZ gZ
mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb nb| G me wek‡ci cÖavb wgÎ wQ‡jb
wb‡Kv‡gwWqvi BD‡mweqvm| wZwb Avwiqvm wQ‡jb eÜz I jywmqv‡bi
QvÎ whwb Zvi cweÎZv I Áv‡bi Rb¨ mve©Rbxb gh©v`vi cvÎ
wQ‡jb| m¤¢eZ 312 L„. jywmqv‡bi nZ¨vi NUbv Zv‡`i eÜzZ¡‡K
Av‡iv kw³kvjx I Awfbœ ag© wek¦v‡m Av‡iv `„p cÖZ¨qx K‡iwQj|
Av‡jKRvÛvi KZ©…K wbe©vwmZ nIqvi ci Avwiqvm
Kbóvw›U‡bvc‡j BD‡mweqv‡mi Kv‡Q GKwU cÎ †j‡Lb| †m cÎwU
AvRI i‡q‡Q| Avwiqvm G c‡Î Av‡jvKRvÛv‡ii wei“‡×
wbcxo‡bi Awf‡hvM Av‡bb whwb Avwiqvm‡K GKRb Aavwg©K bvw¯—
K wn‡m‡e Av‡jKRvw›`ªqv †_‡K ewn®‹vi Kivi †Póv K‡iwQ‡jb|
KviY Avwiqvm I Zvi eÜziv wek‡ci cÖPvwiZ a‡g©i cÖwZ Zv‡`i
AvbyMZ¨ cÖKvk Ki‡Z ivwR nbwb| Avwiqvm c‡Î e‡jb: ÒAvgiv
wbh©vwZZ nw”Q G Kvi‡Y †h‡nZz Avgiv ewj †h hxï D™¢‚Z
n‡qwQ‡jb; wKš‘ Ck¦i D™¢‚Z nbwb, wZwb Abvw`|14 G NUbvi d‡j
Avwiqvm BD‡mweqv‡mi KvQ †_‡K Av‡iv †ewk K‡i mg_©b jvf
K‡ib| BD‡mweqv‡mi e¨vcK cÖfve wQj| Avi ïay Rbmvavi‡Yi
DciB bq, †Lv` ivR cÖmv‡`I Zuvi cÖfve we¯—…Z wQj| Z‡e GB
mg_©b jvf m‡Ë¡I Avwiqvm g‡b nq we‡ivwaZvi PvB‡Z GKwU
mg‡SvZvi cÖwZB me©`v AvMÖnx wQ‡jb| m¤¢eZ Pv‡P©i Af¨š—‡i
GKwU k„•Ljv eRvq _vKzK, GUv wZwb we‡klfv‡e PvB‡Zb|
`yf©vM¨µ‡g G wel‡q BwZnv‡m Lye mvgvb¨ Dcv`vbB cvIqv
hvq| Avwiqv‡mi wKQy cÎ GLbI wU‡K Av‡Q hv †_‡K †`Lv hvq
†h Avwiqv‡mi GKgvÎ j¶ wQj hxïi wk¶v‡K weï× I cwieZ©b
†_‡K gy³ ivLv Ges L„óvb‡`i g‡a¨ wePz¨wZ bv NUv‡bv| Ab¨w`‡K
Av‡jKRvÛv‡ii †jLv cÎmg~n †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h wZwb me© mgqB
118 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
Avwiqvm I Zv‡`i mg_©K‡`i wei“‡× Amwnòy fvlv e¨envi
K‡i‡Qb| GK c‡Î wZwb wj‡L‡Qb : Zviv kqZv‡bi Øviv PvwjZ,
kqZvb Zv‡`i g‡a¨ evm K‡i Ges Zv‡`i D‡ËwRZ K‡i; Zviv
†fjwK Rv‡b Ges cÖZviK, PZzi, Rv`yK‡ii gZ K_vq †gvnvweó
K‡i, Zvnviv nj `my¨, wb‡R‡`i Av¯—vbvq Zviv w`b ivZ L„ó‡K
Awfkvc †`q... Zviv kn‡ii PwiÎnxb Zi“Yx igYx‡`i gva¨‡g
†jvKRb‡K ag©vš—wiZ K‡i|Ó15 G ai‡bi wnsmª I AcgvbKi fvlv
e¨envi †_‡K m‡›`n m„wó nq †h wekc Av‡jKRvÛvi Zvi wb‡Ri
ag©g‡Zi `ye©jZvi e¨vcv‡i Aek¨B m‡PZb wQ‡jb|
BD‡mweqvm wekc Av‡jKRvÊv‡ii g‡bvfv‡e AZ¨š— Amš‘ó
nb| wZwb c~e©vÂjxq wekc‡`i GK mfv AvnŸvbc~e©K Zv‡`i Kv‡Q
m¤ú~Y© welqwU DÌvcb K‡ib| G mgv‡e‡ki dj wQj GKwU cÎ hv
c~e© I cwð‡gi mKj wek‡ci Kv‡Q †cÖiY Kiv nq| c‡Î
Zv‡`i‡K Avwiqvm‡K Pv‡P© wdwi‡q wb‡Z Av‡jKRvÛvi‡K ivwR
Kiv‡Z Aby‡iva Rvbv‡bv nq| wKš‘ Av‡jKRvÛvi Avwiqv‡mi c~Y©
AvZ¥mgc©Y PvB‡jb| Avwiqvm wdwjw¯—‡b wd‡i Av‡mb I Zvi
Abymvix‡`i wb‡q cÖv_©bv mgv‡ek Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| Av‡jKRvÛvi
ZLb ÒZvi K¨v_wjK Pv‡P©i mn‡hvMx Kg©x‡`iÓ Kv‡Q `xN© GK cÎ
†j‡Lb hv‡Z Avwiqv‡mi cybivq mgv‡jvPbv Kiv nq|
Av‡jKRvÛvi G c‡Î BD‡mweqv‡mi bvg D‡jL K‡i Zv‡K
Awfhy³ K‡ib G e‡j †h, ÒwZwb g‡b K‡ib †h Zvi m¤§wZi
DciB Pv‡P©i Kj¨vY wbf©i K‡i|Ó16 wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb,
BD‡mweqvm Avwiqvm‡K mg_©b K‡ib, Avi Zv ïay wZwb †h
Avwiqv‡mi gZev‡` wek¦vm K‡ib †m R‡b¨B bq, Gi wcQ‡b i‡q‡Q
Zvi wbR¯^ D”PvKv•LvRwbZ ¯^v_©| Gfv‡e hvRK‡`i ga¨Kvi
we‡iva cÖvP¨ I cvðv‡Z¨i wekc‡`i g‡a¨ e¨w³MZ we‡iv‡ai iƒc
MÖnY K‡i|
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 119
G welqwU wb‡q wekc‡`i ch©vq †_‡K mvaviY gvby‡li g‡a¨I
wewfbœ cÖkœ Qwo‡q c‡o| bvBwmqvi †MÖMix (Gregory of
Nyssea) wj‡L‡Qb :
iv¯—v-NvU, evRvi, gy`ªv e¨emvqx‡`i †`vKvb, Lvevi †`vKvbmn
Kbóvw›U‡bvc‡ji me©ÎB Zv‡`i wb‡q Av‡jvPbv PjwQj|
GKRb †`vKvwb‡K hw` wRÁvmv Kiv nq †h AgyK wRwb‡mi
g~j¨ KZ, †m Zvi Reve †`q D™¢‚Z mËv I D™¢‚Z bq Ggb mËv
m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z †P‡q| i“wUIqvjvi Kv‡Q i“wUi `vg Rvb‡Z
PvB‡j †m e‡j, ÒcyÎ Zvi wcZvi ev›`vÓ; PvKi‡K hw`
wRÁvmv Kiv hvq †h †MvmjLvbv ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q wKbv, †m
Reve †`q: ÒcyÎ †Kvb wKQy †_‡K D™¢‚Z nqwb|Ó K¨v_wjKiv
†NvlYv K‡i‡Q, ÒRb¥jvfKvixB †kÖôÓ Ges Avwiqvmiv ej‡Q :
ÒwZwbB †kÖô whwb Rb¥`vb K‡i‡Qb|Ó17
†jv‡K igYx‡`i Kv‡Q wRÁvmv KiZ †h †Kvb cyÎ Rb¥MÖnY
Kivi Av‡M Zvi Aw¯—Z¡ _vK‡Z cv‡i wK? hvRK gn‡ji D”P
ch©v‡qI G weZK© wQj mgvbfv‡e DËß I wZ³| Rvbv hvq †h
ÒcÖwZwU kn‡iB wekciv wekc‡`i mv‡_ GK¸u‡q we‡iv‡a wjß
wQj| RbmvaviY wQj Rbmvavi‡Yi wec‡¶... Ges Zviv ci¯ú‡ii
mv‡_ mwnsm msN‡l© wjß n‡qwQj|18
mgªvU KbóvbUvBb welqwU AewnZ wQ‡jb| NUbvejx µgkB
AebwZi w`‡K hvw”Qj| wZwb n¯—‡¶c Ki‡Z eva¨ n‡jb Ges
Av‡jKRvÛvi I Avwiqvm Df‡qi D‡Ï‡k¨ GKwU cÎ †cÖiY
Ki‡jb| G‡Z wZwb ej‡jb †h ag©xq gZvg‡Zi HK¨ wZwb GKvš—
fv‡e Kvgbv K‡ib †h‡nZz mvgªv‡R¨ kvwš—i R‡b¨ †mUvB nj
m‡e©vËg M¨vivw›U| DËi Avwd«Kvi NUbvejx‡Z Mfxifv‡e nZvk
n‡q wZwb ÒcÖv‡P¨i ü`‡qiÓ (Bosom of East) KvQ †_‡K DËg
wKQy Avkv Ki‡jb †hLv‡b ÒHk¦wiK Av‡jvi cÖfv‡ZiÓ (Dawn
of Divine light) D`q N‡UwQj| wZwb wj‡L‡Qb :
120 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
wKš‘ nvq †MŠiegq I cweÎ Ck¦i! ïay Avgvi Kvb bq, Avgvi
ü`qI ¶Z- we¶Z, hLb Avwg ïb‡Z †cjvg †h Avcbvi
g‡a¨ †h we‡iva I `jv`wj we`¨gvb Zv Ggb wK Avwd«Kvi
PvB‡ZI gvivZ¥K; myZivs Avcbviv, hv‡`i Avwg Ab¨‡`i
we‡iva wbim‡bi `„óvš— wn‡m‡e Avkv Kwi, Zv‡`i †P‡q Av‡iv
Lvivc nIqvi Av‡MB Gi cÖwZKvi nIqv cÖ‡qvRb Ges
GL‡bv, GB Av‡jvPbvi g~j KviY m¤ú‡K© mZK© AbymÜvb
Kivi ci Avwg †`L‡Z †c‡qwQ †h Zv G‡Kev‡iB Zvrch©nxb
Ges G ai‡bi weev‡`i †¶‡Î m¤ú~Y© hyw³nxb| .... Avgvi
Abygvb †h eZ©gvb weZ‡K©i DrcwË N‡U‡Q Gfv‡e : hLb
Avcwb, Av‡jKRvÛvi, cÖwZwU hvRK‡K wRÁvmv Ki‡jb †h
cweÎ MÖ‡š’i KwZcq Ask m¤ú‡K© wZwb Kx fv‡eb A_ev wZwb
GKwU A_©nxb †evKvwgc~Y© cÖ‡kœi GKwU we‡kl w`K m¤ú‡K© Kx
wPš—v K‡ib; Ges Avcwb, Avwiqvm, h_vh_ we‡ePbv QvovB
Avcwb Ggb me K_v ej‡jb hv KL‡bv cÖKvkB cvqwb A_ev
†c‡jI bxi‡eB Zvi wejywß N‡U‡Q, Avcbv‡`i g‡a¨ wfbœgZ
†`Lv w`j| †hvMv‡hvM wQbœ nj Ges AwaKvsk †jvK `yÕfv‡M
wef³ n‡q †Mj, Zviv Avi Awfbœ wn‡m‡e HK¨e× iBj bv|
Gi mgªvU Zv‡`i Dfq‡KB Aevš—i cÖkœ I nVKvix Reve
we¯§„Z nIqvi mwbe©Ü Aby‡iva Rvbvb :
welqwU Av`‡Z KL‡bvB DwÌZ nIqvi †hvM¨ wQj bv, wKš‘
Ajm †jvK‡`i Kivi gZ eû AcKg© _v‡K Ges Ajm gw¯—®‹¸‡jv
G wPš—vB K‡i| Avcbv‡`i g‡a¨ †h gZcv_©K¨ ev we‡iva Zv cweÎ
MÖš’wfwËK †Kvb hvR‡Ki ag©gZ bq wKsev Zv bqv cÖewZ©Z †Kvb
gZev‡`i Kvi‡Y bq| Avcbviv Df‡qB GKB cÖKvi Ges Awfbœ
gZ †cvlY K‡ib| myZivs Avcbv‡`i g‡a¨ cybwg©jb mn‡RB
m¤¢e|
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 121
mgªvU G c‡Î †cŠËwjK `vk©wbK‡`i D`vniY †`b hviv GKB
cÖKvi wek` mvaviY bxwZgvjv avi‡Yi †¶‡Î gZcv_©K¨ †cvl‡Y
m¤§Z n‡qwQ‡jb| †m‡¶‡Î, wZwb cÖkœ K‡ib, wbQK Zz”Q I †gŠwLK
gZcv_©‡K¨i Kvi‡Y L„óvb fvB‡`i G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ kΓi gZ
AvPiY Kiv wK wVK? Zuvi g‡Z, G ai‡bi AvPiY :
i“wPnxb, wkïm~jf I e`‡gRvwR I `yf©vMv Ck¦‡ii hvRKMY
Ges †eva m¤úbœ e¨w³MY... GUv nj kqZv‡bi Qjbv I cÖ‡jvfb|
G e¨vcv‡i Avmyb Avgiv wKQy Kwi| Avgiv mevB hw` mKj wel‡q
GK iKg fve‡Z bvI cvwi, Aš—Z eo welq¸‡jv‡Z Avgiv
HK¨e× n‡Z cvwi| cweÎ Hk¦wiK mËv cÖm‡½ Avmyb mevB GKB
wek¦vm GK Dcjwä †cvlY Ges Ck¦i cÖm‡½ GK I Awfbœ gZ
Aej¤^b Kwi|
c‡Î G e‡j Dcmsnvi Uvbv nq :
hw` Zv bv nq, Zvn‡j Avgvi †mB kvwš—c~Y© I mgm¨vgy³
ivZ¸‡jv wdwi‡q w`b hv‡Z Avwg Avgvi Avb›` Ges kvwš—c~Y©
Rxe‡bi Drdzj­Zv jvf Ki‡Z cvwi| Zv hw` bv nq Zvn‡j Avwg
Aek¨B hš¿Yv KvZi I AkÖ“wm³ ne Ges g„Zz¨ ch©š— Avwg †Kvb
kvwš— cve bv| †hLv‡b Ck¦i †cÖgxMY, Avgvi mnKg©x †meKMY G
ai‡bi †eAvBwb I ¶wZKi weZ‡K© wjß †mLv‡b Avwg Kxfv‡e g‡b
kvwš— cve?19
G cÎ ïay L„óag© m¤ú‡K©B bq, Ab¨vb¨ ag© m¤ú‡K©I mgªv‡Ui
Pig AÁZvi cwiPq enb K‡i †h‡nZz wZwb g‡b Ki‡Zb †h
GKRb gvbyl †h fv‡e Lywk Ck¦‡ii Dcvmbv Ki“K A_ev Ck¦i
wb‡`©wkZ cš’vqB Dcvmbv Ki“K, Zv GKB e¨vcvi| Kvh©Z Zvi
Kv‡Q Av‡jKRvÛvi I Avwiqv‡mi ga¨Kvi we‡iva wQj †bnv‡qZB
†gŠwLK weev` A_ev GK Zvrch©nxb Ges AcÖ‡qvRbxq Zz”Q welq|
G `yÕR‡bi ga¨Kvi we‡iva‡K wbQK Zz”Q e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv †_‡K
†evSv hvq †h KbóvbUvBb Rvb‡Zb bv †h wZwb †Kvb wel‡q K_v
122 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
ej‡Qb| GKw`‡K GK Ck¦‡i wek¦vm Ab¨ w`‡K wÎZ¡ev‡` wek¦vm
Gi g‡a¨ Zvi `„wó‡Z †gŠwjK †Kvb we‡iva wQj bv| cÎ †_‡K
†`Lv hvq, KbóvbUvBb ev¯—e mZ¨ wb‡q bq, Zvi g‡bi kvwš—i
e¨vcv‡iB †ewk DwØMœ wQ‡jb| myZivs Zvi c‡Î †h †Kvb dj nqwb,
Zv‡Z we¯§‡qi wKQy †bB| K‡`©vevi †nvwmqvm G cÎ
Av‡jKRvw›`ªqvq e‡q wb‡q wM‡qwQ‡jb| Aí K‡qKw`b Ae¯’v‡bi
ci wZwb Zvi wgk‡bi e¨_©Zv m¤ú‡K© mgªvU‡K ÁvZ Kivi R‡b¨
k~b¨ nv‡Z wd‡i Av‡mb|
GKw`‡K hLb Gme NUbv N‡U P‡jwQj, Ab¨w`‡K KbóvbUvBb
Zvi fMœxcwZ wjwmbv‡mi (Licinus) mv‡_ hy× †¶‡Î jovB
KiwQ‡jb| hy‡× wjwmbvm wbnZ nb| wjwmbvm wQ‡jb Avwiqv‡mi
mg_©K| myZivs Zvi g„Zz¨i d‡j mgªv‡Ui `iev‡i Avwiqv‡mi
Ae¯’vb Av‡iv `ye©j n‡q c‡o| hv †nvK, KbóvbUvBb Dcjwä
Ki‡jb †h, GKwU hy‡× Rqjvf Ki‡jI kvwš— nviv‡bv m¤¢e|
†nvwmqv‡mi (Hosius) wgk‡bi e¨_©Zvi ci cÖv‡P¨i cwiw¯’wZ
†Mvj‡hvMc~Y© n‡q c‡owQj| Avwiqv‡mi evYx I hyw³i cwiYwZ nj
Av‡jKRvw›`ªqvq i³cvZ| mvgªv‡R¨i c~e©vÂj ev cÖv‡P¨i me©Î
Am‡š—vl Qwo‡q c‡o| BwZc~‡e©B DËi Avwd«Kvq wek„•Ljv I
†Mvj‡hvM wQj| G ch©v‡q mgªvU Dcjwä K‡ib †h Zvi cjxq
Pv‡P©i eÜzMY Zvi †Kvb mgm¨vB wgwU‡q †`Iqvi gZ kw³kvjx
bq| DËi Avwd«Kvi wel‡q Zvi AwfÁZv †_‡K wZwb wk¶v jvf
K‡iwQ‡jb Zv nj : cÖKv‡k¨ †Kvb c¶ mg_©b Kiv Zvi DwPZ bq|
ZvB wZwb AvnŸvb Kivi wm×vš— †bb| GKRb †cŠËwjK wn‡m‡e
Zvi Ae¯’vb Zv‡K GK weivU my‡hvM G‡b w`‡qwQj| †h‡nZz wZwb
weev`gvb †Kvb m¤úÖ`v‡qiB Abymvix bb, †m Kvi‡Y wZwb GKRb
wbi‡c¶ wePviK n‡Z cvi‡eb| Zvi aviYv nj, Gi d‡j ZLb
ch©š— wekciv †h mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb wQ‡jb, Zv wbimb n‡e| KviY
G ai‡bi GKwU wel‡qi wb®úwËKvix wn‡m‡e GKRb L„óv‡bi
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 123
mfvcwZ‡Z¡i welqwU †g‡b †bqv Zv‡`i c‡¶ m¤¢e wQj bv|
KbóvbUvB‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ wekc‡`i G mfvwU AvR KvDwÝj Ae
wbwmqv (Council of Nicea) wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ|
mfvi R‡b¨ Avgš¿Y wjwc †cÖiY Kiv nj| KbóvbUvBb
ivRKxq †KvlvMvi †_‡K Gi mKj e¨q fvi enb K‡ib|
`yÕwee`gvb c‡¶ †bZ…e„›` Qvov Ab¨ hv‡`i Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡bv nj
Zviv mvwe©Kfv‡e †Zgb Ávbm¤úbœ e¨w³ wQ‡jb bv| †WvbvUv‡mi
cÖavb we‡ivax †K‡mwjqvb‡K G mfvq Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡bv n‡jI
†WvbvUv‡mi Pv‡P©i KvD‡KB Avgš¿Y Kiv nqwb| mfvq
AskMÖnYKvix AwaK ¸i“Z¡c~Y© wekcMY n‡jb:
Kvqmvwiqvi BD‡mweqvm (Eusebius of Caesaria)
BD‡mweqvm wQ‡jb L„óxq ag©xq BwZnv‡mi RbK| Zvi MÖš’ nj
wewfbœ weei‡Yi cÖavb fvÊvi hv L„óxq ag©xq BwZnv‡mi PZz_©
kZK‡K cÖ_g kZ‡Ki mv‡_ mshy³ K‡i‡Q| cÖf~Z Ávb QvovI
Zvi cÖfve wQj AZ¨š— e¨vcK| cÖv‡P¨i hvRK‡`i g‡a¨ wZwbB
wQ‡jb GKgvÎ e¨w³ whwb mgªv‡Ui g‡bi K_v ej‡Z cvi‡Zb|
wZwb mgªv‡Ui †`vfvlx, bvggvÎ hvRK I cv‡ci ¯^xKv‡ivw³
kÖeYKvix wQ‡jb| wZwb g‡b cÖv‡Y Avwiqv‡mi gZvbymvix wQ‡jb
Ges wdwjw¯—‡bi AwaKvsk wek‡ci mg_©b wZwb jvf K‡iwQ‡jb|
wb‡Kv‡gwWqvi BD‡mweqvm (Eusebius of Nicomedia)
wZwb wQ‡jb GK AwfRvZ cwiev‡ii mš—vb| wZwb GKB mgq
jywmqvb I Avwiqv‡mi Abymvix wQ‡jb| Zvi Ava¨vwZ¥K L¨vwZ me©Î
¯^xK…Z wQj| H mgq GKB bv‡g (BD‡mweqvm) `yÕRb Ck¦if³
e¨w³ wQ‡jb| hvi d‡j mgKvjxb HwZnvwmK‡`i g‡a¨ Zv‡`i
e¨vcv‡i wKQyUv weåvwš—i m„wó n‡qwQj| wb‡Kv‡gwWqvi BD‡mweqvm
Avwiqv‡mi AwePj mg_©b wQ‡jb| Avwiqv‡mi Abymvixiv Zv‡K
124 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
ÒgnvbÓ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡ib| Zvi A‡jŠwKK ¶gZv wQj| wZwb
cÖ_‡g ˆei“‡Zi wekc wQ‡jb, c‡i wb‡Kv‡gwWqvq e`wj nb|
wb‡Kv‡gwWqv ZLb cÖv‡P¨i ivRavbx wQj| mgªv‡Ui fMœxcwZ I
cÖwZØ›Øx wjwmbvm Zvi GKRb fvj eÜz wQ‡jb| d‡j mgªv‡Ui †evb
KbóvbwUbvi (Constantina) Dci Zvi e¨vcK cÖfve wQj|
wjwmbvm mgªv‡Ui mv‡_ jovB‡q wjß nb| Ges cÖvY nvivb| ¯^vgxi
g„Zz¨i ci KbóvbwUbv emev‡mi R‡b¨ ivR cÖmv‡` P‡j hvb|
Gfv‡e KbóvbwUbvi gva¨‡g I ivR cwiev‡ii mv‡_ Zvi `~i
m¤úK©xq AvZ¥xqZvi Kvi‡Y ivR`iev‡i Zvi fvj cÖfve wQj Ges
Zv KL‡bvB Le© nqwb| ïay Zvi cÖfv‡eB mgªvU KbóvbUvBb
Avwiqv‡mi Pv‡P© L„óag© MÖnY K‡ib Ges †kl ch©š— G‡Kk¦iev‡`
wek¦vmx n‡qB g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib|
G_vbvwmqvm (Athanasius):
eq‡m Zi“Y GB e¨w³wU wÎZ¡ev‡`i GK KÆi mg_©K wQ‡jb|
eva©‡K¨ DcbxZ I Avwiqvm KZ©…K eûevi wech©¯— Av‡jKRvÛvi
wbwmqvi mfvq wb‡R hvIqvi cwie‡Z© cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e
G_vbvwmqvm‡K †cÖi‡Yi wm×vš— MÖnY K‡ib|
†nvwmqvm (Hosius)
†nvwmqvm wQ‡jb mgªv‡Ui cÖavb mfvm`| Zvi ¸i“Z¡ wQj
GLv‡b †h wZwb cvðv‡Z¨ cjxq Pv‡P©i cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Ki‡Zb †hLv‡b
mgªv‡Ui cÖfve wQj `ye©jZvi| †nvwmqvm GKRb ag©xq cwÊZ
wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z wQ‡jb| BwZnv‡m wZwb Ôgvbbxq cÖexY e¨w³Õ wn‡m‡e
cwiwPZ wQ‡jb hv‡K G_vbvwmqvm ÔcweÎÕ (Holy) e‡j AvL¨vwqZ
K‡ib| D”P PwiÎ e‡ji R‡b¨ wZwb mK‡ji Kv‡Q mycwiwPZ
wQ‡jb| mgªv‡Ui mv‡_ NwbôZvi Kvi‡Y Zvi ¸i“Z¡ e„w× †c‡qwQj|
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 125
Dc‡iv³ K‡qKRb QvovI KvDw݇j Ggb me e¨w³ wQ‡jb
hviv ag©wbôvi R‡b¨ L¨vwZgvb n‡jI Áv‡bi R‡b¨ L¨vwZgvb wQ‡jb
bv| Zv‡`i ü`q cweÎ _vK‡jI gy‡Li fvlv memgq cwikxwjZ
wQj bv|
126 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
w¯úwi‡Wg (Spiridem)
w¯úwi‡Wg wQ‡jb GKRb AgvwR©Z I mijgbv hvRK| wZwb wQ‡jb
†m me Awkw¶Z wekc‡`iB GKRb hviv H mgq wQ‡jb PvP©¸‡jv‡Z
msL¨vMwiô| Zvi cÖwZ Mfxifv‡e `„wó w`‡j wZwb Kx ai‡bi gvbyl
wQ‡jb Zv eySvi †¶‡Î mnvqK n‡e| wZwb wQ‡jb GKRb †gl cvjK|
wbcxob- wbh©vZb m‡Ë¡I wZwb Zvi wek¦v‡m AUj wQ‡jb| a‡g©i
ivRbxwZi e¨vcv‡i Zvi Ávb wQj fvlv| Zvi cÖwZ wewfbœ A‡jŠwKK
NUbv Av‡ivwcZ nIqvi Kvi‡Y wZwb wekc wbhy³ nb| wekc nIqvi
ciI Zvi mvaviY I †Mu‡qv †ek-f~lvi cwieZ©b nqwb| wZwb me mgq
c`eª‡R Pj‡Zb| cjxq Pv‡P©i Ab¨vb¨ ÔivRcyÎMYÕ Zv‡K cQ›`
Ki‡Zb bv| Zv‡`i D‡ØM wQj †h wZwb h_vmg‡q mfvi Awa‡ek‡b
†hvM w`‡Z wbwmqv †cuŠQ‡Z cvi‡eb wKbv| w¯úwi‡Wg hLb mgªv‡Ui KvQ
†_‡K Avgš¿Y cÎ †c‡jb, wZwb Dcjwä Ki‡jb wZwb hw` h_vmg‡q
†cuŠQ‡Z Pvb Zvn‡j Zv‡K L”P‡ii wc‡V mIqvi n‡q mdi Ki‡Z n‡e|
wZwb Ab¨vb¨ wekc‡`i gZ `jej bv wb‡q GKRb gvÎ cwiPviK m‡½
wb‡q hvÎv Ki‡jb| Zviv `yÕwU LP‡i P‡o mdi KiwQ‡jb| GKwU is
wQj mv`v, Ab¨wUi is wQj mv`v I Kv‡jvq wgkv‡bv| GK iv‡Z Zviv
GKwU mivBLvbvq AvkÖq †bb| G mgq †mLv‡b Ab¨vb¨ wekcivI
†cuŠ‡Qb hviv wbwð‡š— wQ‡jb bv †h w¯úwi‡Wg mfvi Av‡jvPbvq Ask
MÖn‡Yi R‡b¨ Av‡`Š †hvM¨ wKbv| ciw`b †fv‡i w¯úwi‡Wg hLb wb`ªvq
we‡fvi, Zviv `yÕwU L”Pi‡K nZ¨vK‡i mivBLvbv Z¨vM K‡ib|
w¯úwi‡Wg Nyg †_‡K †R‡M L”Pi¸‡jv‡K Avnvi Kwi‡q †m¸‡jvi wc‡V
wRb Pvcv‡Z cwiPviK‡K wb‡`©k w`‡jb| †m L”Pi¸‡jv‡K g„Z Ae¯’vq
†`L‡Z †c‡q w¯úwi‡Wg‡K †mB `ytmsev` w`j| wekcMY L”Pi `yÕwUi
g¯—K †`n †_‡K wew”Qbœ K‡i †d‡jwQ‡jb| wZwb cwiPviK‡K cÖwZwU
L”P‡ii †`‡ni Kv‡Q †m ¸‡jvi KwZ©Z gv_v G‡b ivL‡Z ej‡jb| †m
AÜKv‡ii g‡a¨ fyj K‡i GK L”P‡ii gv_v Ab¨wUi Kv‡Q wb‡q ivLj|
†hBgvÎ †m gv_v¸‡jv L”Pi¸‡jvi †`‡ni Kv‡Q ivLj, mv‡_ mv‡_
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 127
†m¸‡jv Rxeb jvf K‡i D‡V `uvovj| Zviv Zv‡`i hvÎv Avevi ïi“
Ki‡jb| wKQy mgq ciB Zviv †mB wekc‡`i `j‡K AwZµg Ki‡jb
hviv †f‡ewQj †h Zviv w¯úwi‡Wg‡K h‡_ó wcQ‡b †d‡j Avm‡Z m¶g
n‡q‡Q Ges wZwb h_v mg‡q wbwmqv †cuŠQ‡Z cvi‡eb bv| Zv‡`i we¯§q
Pi‡g †cuŠQvj hLb Zviv †`Lj †h mv`v L”PiwUi gv_v mv`v Kv‡jv is
Ab¨w`‡K mv`v Kv‡jv i‡Oi L”PiwUi gv_v mv`v|20
cvUvgb (Patamon)
wZwb GKRb mbœ¨vmx wQ‡jb|
Iwmqvm (Ocsius)
wZwb ïay Zvi AvPviwbôZvi Kvi‡Y L¨vwZ jvf K‡iwQ‡jb|
wb‡Kvjv‡mi gvBRvi (Myser of Nicholas)
Zvi bvgwU BwZnv‡m ¯’vb jvf K‡i‡Q we‡klZ Pv‡P©i
HwZnvwmKM‡Yi Ki‡Y, †h‡nZz Avwiqvm hLb K_v ejwQ‡jb, wZwb
ZLb Zvi Kv‡b Nywm †g‡iwQ‡jb|
Gfv‡e †`Lv hvq, wbwmqvi (wbwKI) cwil` †ewki fvM †mme
wekc‡`i wb‡qB MwVZ n‡qwQj hviv GKvš— ag©wbô wQ‡jb, wKš‘
g~j wel‡q ch©vß eyw×e„wËK Ávb Zv‡`i wQj bv| G mKj †jvK‡K
nVvr K‡i †mKv‡ji MÖxK `k©‡bi PUc‡U I AZ¨š— Ávbx
e¨vL¨vZv‡`i gy‡LvgywL Kiv n‡qwQj| Zv‡`i cÖKvk fw½ wQj Ggb
†h Kx ejv n‡”Q Zvi Zvrch© ey‡S IVv Gme wek‡ci c‡¶ m¤¢e
wQj bv| Zviv Zv‡`i Áv‡bi hyw³c~Y© e¨vL¨v w`‡Z AcivM n‡q
A_ev Zv‡`i we‡ivax‡`i mv‡_ weZ‡K© A¶g n‡q Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i
wek¦v‡m w¯’Z n‡q Pzc K‡i _vKv A_ev mgªv‡Ui wm×v‡š—i mv‡_
GKgZ nIqv Qvov Zv‡`i Avi wKQy Kivi wQj bv|
mfv ïi“ nIqvi K‡qKw`b Av‡MB mKj cÖwZwbwa wbwmqv
†cuv‡Qb| Zviv †QvU †QvU `‡j R‡ov n‡Zb Ges Zv‡`i g‡a¨
128 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
Avmbœ mfvi welq wb‡q cÖKv‡k¨ weZK© nZ| Gme mgv‡e‡k, hv
mvaviYZ wRgbvwmqvg ev †Lvjv AvKv‡ki bx‡P AbywôZ nZ, MÖxK
`vk©wbKMY Zv‡`i hyw³i evY Quy‡o w`‡Zb Ges e¨½¨ we`ªƒc Ki‡Zb
Z‡e Zv AvMZ cÖwZwbwa‡`i weåvš— KiZ bv|
Ae‡k‡l wbw`©ó w`bwU Gj| cÖ‡Z¨‡KB mfvq Dcw¯’Z n‡jb|
mgªvU mfv D‡Øvab Ki‡eb| cÖvmv‡`i GKwU wekvj K¶ mfvi
R‡b¨ wba©viY Kiv nq| K‡¶i gvSLv‡b †Uwe‡j †mKv‡ji mKj
ÁvZ Mm‡c‡ji Kwc mg~n ivLv n‡q wQj| †m¸‡jvi msL¨v wQj
cÖvq 3kÕ| cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki `„wó wbe× wQj PgrKvi mv‡R mw¾Z Kv‡Vi
ˆZwi ivRwmsnvm‡bi w`‡K| wmsnvmbwU ¯’vcb Kiv n‡qwQj
ci¯ú‡ii w`‡K gyL K‡i mwbœweó `yÕmvwi Avm‡bi g‡a¨, K‡¶i DuPz
n‡q D‡V hvIqv w`‡Ki †kl cÖv‡š—| gv‡S gv‡S `~ivMZ wgwQ‡ji
kã †ivj Qvov K‡¶i g‡a¨ Mfxi bxieZv weivR KiwQj| wgwQjwU
cÖvmv‡`i w`‡KB AMÖmi nw”Qj| G mgq ivR`iev‡ii Kg©KZ©viv
G‡K G‡K Avm‡Z ïi“ Ki‡jb| †kl gyn‚‡Z© †Kvb †NvlYv QvovB
mgªvU G‡m nvwRi n‡jb| mfvq AvMZ mg‡eZ cÖwZwbwaiv D‡V
`uvov‡jb Ges cÖ_gev‡ii gZ Zviv mgªvU KbóvbUvB‡bi cÖwZ
mwe¯§q `„wó wb‡¶c Ki‡Z jvM‡jb| wZwb wQ‡jb mgªvU
KbóvbUvBb, weRqx, gnvb, †kÖô| Zvi `xN© †`n, myMwVZ kixi,
cÖk¯— Kuva Ges my`k©b gyLvqei Zvi D”P gh©v`vi mv‡_ msMwZc~Y©
wQj| Zvi Awfe¨w³ †`‡L Zv‡K AweKj †ivgvb m~h©‡`eZv
A¨v‡cv‡jvi gZ g‡b nw”Qj| wekc‡`i A‡b‡KB Zvi Sjg‡j
RgKv‡jv ivR †cvkvK †`‡L we¯§qvwff~Z n‡q c‡ob| Zvi `xN©
Pz‡j XvKv gv_vq wQj gwbgy³v LwPZ ivRgyKzU| Zvi D¾¡j jvj
i‡½i AvjLvj­v wQj g~j¨evb cv_i I †mvbvi Kvi“KvR LwPZ| Zvi
cv‡q wQj UKU‡K jvj i‡Oi RyZv hv †mKv‡j ïaygvÎ mgªvUivB
cv‡q w`‡Zb Ges G Kv‡j ïaygvÎ †cvcB Zv c‡ib|
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 129
mgªv‡Ui `yÕcv‡k Avmxb wQ‡jb †nvwmqvm I BD‡mweqvm|
BD‡mweqvm mgªv‡Ui D‡Ï‡k¨ e³…Zvi gva¨‡g mfvi Kvh©µg ïi“
Ki‡jb| mgªvU msw¶ß fvl‡Yi g‡a¨ w`‡q Zvi Reve w`‡jb| Zvi
fvlY j¨vwUb †_‡K MÖxK fvlvq Abyev` Kiv nq hv Aí †jv‡KB
eyS‡Z m¶g n‡qwQj| GgbwK mgªvU wb‡RI Zv †Zgb eyS‡Z
cv‡ibwb| KviY MÖxK fvlvq Zvi Ávb wQj AwZ mvgvb¨| mfvi
KvR hZB AMÖmi n‡Z _vKj, weZ‡K©i †ZviYØvi ZZ Db¥y³ n‡Z
ïi“ Kij| KbóvbUvBb Zvi fv½v fv½v MÖxK Ávb wb‡q GKUv
wel‡qB Zvi mKj kw³ wb‡qvwRZ Ki‡jb| Zv nj, GKwU
me©m¤§Z wm×v‡š— †cuŠQv| wZwb cÖ‡Z¨K‡K Rvwb‡q w`‡jb †h wewfbœ
`‡ji KvQ †_‡K K‡qKw`b Av‡M wZwb hZ Awf‡hvM Av‡e`b
†c‡qwQ‡jb Zvi meB wZwb cywo‡q w`‡q‡Qb| wZwb Avk¦¯— Ki‡jb
†h †h‡nZz wZwb †m¸‡jvi †KvbwUB c‡obwb, †h‡nZz Zvi gb †Lvjv
i‡q‡Q Ges wZwb c¶cvZ`yó bb|
cjxq Pv‡P©i cÖwZwbwaMY Ck¦‡ii 3wU Ask cÖgvY Ki‡Z
†P‡qwQ‡jb| wKš‘ Zviv evB‡ej †_‡K gvÎ `yÕR‡bi c‡¶ hyw³
†ck Ki‡Z m¶g nb| Zv m‡Ë¡I ÔcweÎ AvZ¥vÕ †K Ck¦‡ii Z…Zxq
Ask Z_v Z…Zxq Ck¦i wn‡m‡e †NvlYv Kiv nq hw`I G KwíZ
wel‡qi mg_©‡b †Kvb hyw³ cÖ`k©b Kiv nqwb| Ab¨w`‡K jywmqv‡bi
wkl¨iv Zv‡`i wfwË m¤ú‡K© wbwðZ wQ‡jb Ges Zviv wÎZ¡ev`x‡`i
GKwU Am¤¢e Ae¯’vb †_‡K Ab¨ Ae¯’v‡b †h‡Z eva¨ K‡ib|
wÎZ¡ev`xiv GKRb L„óv‡bi †h msÁv wba©viY Ki‡Z PvBwQj,
Avwiqvm I Ab¨vb¨ GKZ¡ev`x mg_©K‡`i ev` w`‡q †m msÁv
wba©vi‡Y mgm¨v †`Lv †`q| we‡kl K‡i wÎZ¡ev` hv‡K Zviv
`yÕc‡¶i g‡a¨ cÖavb weZwK©Z welq e‡j ¸i“Z¡ Av‡ivc K‡iwQj,
cÖK…Zc‡¶ †Kvb Mm‡c‡jB Zvi D‡jL wQj bv| Zv‡`i e³e¨ wQj
†h Zviv hv‡K ÔcyÎÕ wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ K‡i wZwb Ck¦‡ii cyÎ|
Avwiqvm cš’xiv Zvi Rev‡e e‡j †h Zviv mK‡jB ÔCk¦‡ii cyÎÕ,
130 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
KviY evB‡e‡j †jLv Av‡Q †h, ÒmKj wKQyB Ck¦i †_‡K|Ó21 G
hyw³ e¨envi Kiv n‡j mKj m„wóiB Ck¦iZ¡ cÖgvwYZ nq| cjxq
wekcMY ZLb hyw³ DÌvcb K‡ib †h hxï ïay ÔCk¦i n‡ZÕ bb,
ÔCk¦‡ii mËv †_‡KI|Õ G hyw³ mKj mbvZbcš’x L„óv‡bi
we‡ivwaZvi m¤§yLxb nq| Zviv e‡jb, evB‡e‡j G ai‡bi †Kvb
K_vB †bB| Gfv‡e hxï‡K Ck¦i cÖwZcbœ Kivi †Póv L„óvb‡`i
HK¨e× Kivi cwie‡Z© Zv‡`i g‡a¨ Av‡iv wefw³ m„wó K‡i|
†ec‡ivqv n‡q wÎZ¡ev`xiv ZLb hyw³ cÖ`k©b K‡i †h evB‡e‡j ejv
n‡q‡Q †h Òhxï n‡jb wcZv I mZ¨ Ck¦‡ii wPiš—b fveg~wZ©|Ó22
Avwiqvm cš’xiv Zvi Rev‡e e‡jb, evB‡e‡j GK_vI ejv n‡q‡Q
†h ÒAvgiv gvbeMY Ck¦‡ii fveg~wZ© I †MŠie|Ó23 hv †nvK, G
hyw³ hw` M„nxZ nq Zvn‡j cÖgvwYZ nq ïay hxïB bq, mKj gvbylB
Hk¦wiK e‡j `vwe Ki‡Z cv‡i|
mfvK‡¶B ïay bq, ivRcÖvmv‡`i g‡a¨I Av‡jvPbv Pj‡Z
_v‡K| mgªv‡Ui gvZv †n‡jbv cjxq PvP©‡K mg_©b K‡ib| wZwb
wQ‡jb ivRbxwZ wekvi`, Zvi i‡³ wQj kvmK †Mvôxi aviv cÖevn
gvb| Ab¨w`‡K mgªv‡Ui †evb KbóvbwUbv wQ‡jb GKZ¡ev‡`
wek¦vmx| wZwb Avwiqvm‡K mg_©b Ki‡Zb| Zvi g‡Z Avwiqvm
hxïi wk¶vi Abymvix wQ‡jb| wZwb ivRbxwZ N„Yv Ki‡Zb Ges
Ck¦i‡K fvj evm‡Zb I fq Ki‡Zb| weZK© ivR `iev‡iI Qwo‡q
c‡o| mfvq hvi ïi“ n‡qwQj Zv ivR cÖvmv` ch©š— m¤úÖmvwiZ nq
Ges Zv‡Z ivRcyi“l I cÖvmv‡`i cvPKMYI GK ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv
cvjb K‡i| my‡KŠk‡j mgªvU `yÕc¶ †_‡K `~iZ¡ eRvq iv‡Lb Ges
mevB‡K AvuP- Abygv‡bi g‡a¨ iv‡Lb| GKRb †cŠËwjK wn‡m‡e
wZwb L„óvb‡`i †Kvb m¤úÖ`v‡qiB c‡¶ wQ‡jb bv| GwU wQj Zvi
c‡¶ GK †Rviv‡jv hyw³|
weZK© Pj‡Z _vKv Ae¯’vq Dfq c‡¶i Kv‡QB ¯úó n‡q D‡V
†h G mfvq †Kvb my¯úó wm×v‡š— †cuŠQv‡bv hv‡e bv| Zv m‡Ë¡I
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 131
Zviv mgªv‡Ui mg_©‡bi cÖZ¨vkv Ki‡jb †h‡nZz cjxq Pv‡P©i R‡b¨
†mUv wQj kw³ e„w×i e¨vcvi| Ab¨w`‡K DËi Avwd«Kvevmx‡`i
R‡b¨ mgªv‡Ui mg_©b jv‡fi A_© wQj Zv‡`i wbcxo‡bi Aemvb|
KbóvbUvB‡bi AvbyK‚j¨ jv‡fi R‡b¨ Dcw¯’Z mKj wekc a‡g©i
wKQy cwieZ©b mva‡b m¤§Z nb| ivRKzgvix KbóvbwUbv
BD‡mweqvm‡K civgk© w`‡jb †h mgªvU GKwU HK¨e× PvP© Pvb|
KviY L„óvb m¤úÖ`v‡qi wefw³ mvgªvR¨‡K wec`MÖ¯— Ki‡e| wKš‘
hw` †Kvb HKgZ¨ bv nq Zv n‡j wZwb ˆah© nviv‡eb Ges
L„óvb‡`i cÖwZ Zvi mg_©b cÖZ¨vnvi Ki‡eb| hw` wZwb †m cš’vB
MÖnY K‡ib Zv n‡j L„óvb‡`i cwiw¯’wZ Av‡Mi †P‡qI Lvivc n‡e
Ges L„óvb ag©I AwaKZi wecbœ n‡e| BD‡mweqv‡mi civgk©µ‡g
Avwiqvm I Zvi Abymvixiv wbw®Œq f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡jb, Z‡e mfv
†h me cwieZ©b mva‡bi wm×vš— wbj Zv †_‡K Zviv wb‡R‡`i `~‡i
mwi‡q ivL‡jb| †h‡nZz †m mgq mvgªv‡R¨i me©Î †ivgvb
m~h©‡`eZvi Dcvmbv AZ¨š— RbwcÖq wQj Ges mgªvU‡K c„w_ex‡Z
†`eZvi iƒc wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nZ, G †cÖw¶‡Z cjxq PvP© :
 †ivgvb m~h-© w`em (Sun-day)- †K L„óvb‡`i mvßvwnK
ag©xq w`em †NvlYv Kij;
 m~h-© †`eZvi cÖPwjZ Rb¥ w`em 25 wW‡m¤^i†K hxïi Rb¥
w`em wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kij;
 m~h-© †`eZvi cÖZxK Av‡jvi µzk‡K (Cross of light)
L„óev‡`i cÖZxK wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kij;
 Ges m~h-© †`eZvi Rb¥ w`e‡mi mKj Drme Abyôvb‡K
wb‡R‡`i Drme Abyôvb wn‡m‡e cvj‡bi wm×vš— wbj|
L„óvb ag© Ges Zvi mvgªv‡R¨i a‡g©i ga¨Kvi wecyj e¨eavb
AZ¨š— D‡jL †hvM¨ fv‡e n«vm cvIqvi G NUbv mgªvU
KbóvbUvB‡bi R‡b¨ wbðqB AZ¨š— m‡š—vlRbK g‡b n‡qwQj| PvP©
132 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
Zvi B”Qvbyhvqx KvR K‡i| d‡j Pv‡P©i cÖwZ Zvi mg_©b Av‡M
`ye©j _vK‡jI GLb Zv AZ¨š— †Rviv‡jv n‡q I‡V|
P~ovš— fv‡e wÎZ¡ev` L„óvba‡g©i †gŠwjK gZev` wn‡m‡e M„nxZ
nq| G ch©v‡q m¤¢eZ GB gZev‡`i wKQy Abymvixi ZLbI mivmwi
GKZ¡ev‡`i AwfÁZv I Zvi cÖwZ mg_©b we`¨gvb wQj| Zv‡`i
R‡b¨ wÎZ¡ev` †mB cš’vi †P‡q Kg wKQy wQj bv †h cš’vq Zviv hv
cÖZ¨¶ K‡iwQj Zv eY©bvi †Póv KiZ| †h‡nZz hxï †h GK Ck¦‡ii
wk¶v w`‡qwQ‡jb Zv ZLb wejyß n‡qwQj, ZvB Zviv †kl cš’v
wn‡m‡e c†UvwbK `k©‡bi cwifvlv e¨envi Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡iwQj
hw`I Zv Zv‡`i D‡Ïk¨ mva‡bi R‡b¨ ch©vß wQj bv| Kvh©Z G-B
wQj Zv‡`i me hv Zviv RvbZ| hv †nvK, G welqwU mvgvb¨ wKQy
†jv‡Ki Kv‡QB ¯úó wQj| Gcywjqvm (Apuleius) wj‡L‡Qb,
ÒAvwg bxi‡e GB gwngvwš^Z I c­v†UvwbK gZev` D‡c¶v
K‡iwQjvg| KviY mvgvb¨ wKQy ag©cÖvY e¨w³B GUv ey‡SwQ‡jb,
Ab¨w`‡K cÖwZwU mvaviY gvby‡li Kv‡QB Zv AÁvZ wQj|Ó24 c­v‡Uv
e‡jb, Òmªóv‡K †LuvRv KwVb, wKš‘ wbæ‡kÖwYi †jvK‡`i Kv‡Q Zv
e¨vL¨v Kiv Am¤¢e|Ó 25 wc_v‡Mvivm e‡jb, ÒKz-ms¯‹viv”Qbœ g‡Zi
gvby‡li g‡a¨ Ck¦‡ii K_v ejv wbivc` bq| Zv‡`i Kv‡Q mZ¨ ev
wg_¨v ejv mgvb wec¾bK|Ó26
hviv GK Ck¦‡ii ˆewkó¨ cÖKv‡ki †Póv K‡iwQ‡jb Zv‡`i Kv‡iv
Kv‡iv Kv‡Q hw`I G cwifvlvi e¨envi †hŠw³K e‡jB MY¨ wQj,
wKš‘ Kvh©Z G cÖ‡Póv e¨_©Zvq ch©ewmZ nIqvi Dcµg n‡qwQj|
Ggb †Kvb cš’v wQj bv hv‡Z Ô†`eZvMYÕ Gi MÖxK aviYv hxïi
Kv‡Q cÖZ¨v‡`kK…Z a‡g©i †kÖôZ¡‡K mdjfv‡e Le© Ki‡Z cv‡i| G
ai‡bi †Kvb NUbv ïaygvÎ cj I Zvi Abymvix‡`i c‡¶B Kíbv
Kiv m¤¢e wQj| hviv MÖxK `k©‡bi Av`k© ü`qsMg Ki‡Z cv‡iwb
Zv‡`i g‡a¨ ïay weåvwš—iB m„wó n‡qwQj| Avm‡j wÎZ¡ev‡`i
ms¯ú‡k© hviv G‡mwQj, Zv‡`i msL¨vMwiô As‡ki Ae¯’vB wQj G
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 133
iKg| Zviv †h weåvwš—‡Z cwZZ n‡qwQj Zv bvbv Ríbv Kíbvi
m„wó K‡iwQj| mfv wb‡R †_‡KB Zv‡`i my¯úófv‡e G c‡_ †V‡j
w`‡qwQj| G gZev` Kxfv‡e D™¢‚Z Ges †Kb Zv M„nxZ nj, wK
K‡i AbvbyôvwbK fv‡e Aby‡gvw`Z nj, Zv †evaMg¨| GUvI
cwi®‹vi †h G gZev‡`i †¶‡Î weåvwš—i †cÖw¶‡Z Avwiqvm †Kb c_
wb‡`©kbvi R‡b¨ MÖxK `vk©wbK‡`i wPš—vavivi AvkÖq †bqvi e`‡j
L„óvb a‡g©i Dr‡mi Kv‡Q wd‡i hvevi Dci ¸i“Z¡ cÖ`vb
K‡iwQ‡jb| KviY MÖxK `k©b bex hxïi Dci cÖZ¨v‡`k †_‡K
D™¢‚Z wQj bv|
wbwmqvi mfvq G me cwieZ©b msNwUZ nIqvi cieZ©x
c`‡¶c wQj hxïi wk¶v †_‡K m‡i Avmv| †mUvI m¤¢e n‡qwQj|
AvR hv wbmxq ag©gZ (Nicene Creed) bv‡g cwiwPZ Zv mgªvU
KbóvbUvB‡bi mg_©‡b mfvq Dcw¯’Z‡`i Øviv cÖYxZ I mZ¨vwqZ|
G‡Z wÎZ¡ev`x‡`i gZB ¯’vb †c‡qwQj Ges Avwiqv‡mi wk¶vi
mivmwi cÖZ¨vL¨vb wn‡m‡e wb‡æv³ ˆ`e Awfkvc mshy³ Kiv
n‡qwQj|
hviv e‡j, ÒGK mgq wZwb wQ‡jb bv Ges R‡b¥i c~‡e© wZwb
Aw¯—Z¡kxj wQ‡jb bv Ges wZwb †Kvb wKQy †_‡K Aw¯—Z¡kxj
nbwbÓ A_ev hviv e‡j †h Ck¦‡ii cyÎ wfbœ mËv ev Dcv`vb
A_ev wZwb m„ó n‡q‡Qb A_ev cwieZ©‡bi Dc‡hvMxÑ Zv‡`i
R‡b¨ K¨v_wjK Pv‡P©i Awfkvc|
hviv G ag©g‡Z ¯^v¶i K‡iwQ‡jb, Zv‡`i †KD †KD G‡Z
wek¦vmx wQ‡jb, †KD †KD Rvb‡Zb bv †h wK †m Zviv Zv‡`i bvg
¯^v¶i K‡i‡Qb, Ges wKQy e¨w³, hviv mfvi cÖwZwbwa‡`i g‡a¨
msL¨vMwiô wQ‡jb, Zviv wÎZ¡ev‡`i mv‡_ GKgZ n‡Z cv‡ibwb,
wKš‘ Zviv Awb”Qv m‡Ë¡I mgªvU‡K Lywk Kivi R‡b¨ G‡Z ¯^v¶i
K‡ib| Zv‡`i GKRb e‡jb, ÒGKUz Kvwji wewbg‡q cÖvY i¶v
†gv‡UB Lvivc bq|Ó G e³e¨ cÖm‡½ †cÖv‡dmi †MvqvUwKb
134 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
(Gwatkin) `ytL K‡i e‡j‡Qb †h, GKRb HwZnvwm‡Ki R‡b¨
GwU †Kvb Avb›``vqK `„k¨ wQj bv| nq‡Zv NUbv G iKgB wQj
e‡j †cÖv‡dmi †MvqvUwKb GKRb HwZnvwmK wn‡m‡e Zv †j‡Lbwb,
wZwb cvjb K‡i‡Qb GKRb AvBbRxexi f~wgKv whwb GKwU `ye©j
gvgjv cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ MÖnY K‡i‡Qb|
GivB wQj †m me †jvK hviv GKRb †cŠËwjK mgªv‡Ui Aax‡b
wm×vš— MÖnY K‡iwQj †h GKRb †Muvov L„óv‡bi cix¶v wK n‡e|
Gi dj wÎZ¡ev`x‡`i Rb¨ †hgb †Zgwb Avwiqvmcš’x‡`i Rb¨I
AZ¨š— we¯§qKi n‡qwQj| NUbv †Kvb w`‡K †gvo †b‡e Zv
Kv‡iviB Rvbv wQj bv| mve©Rbxb cix¶v MÖn‡Yi aviYvwU wQj GK
wec­weK cwieZ©b| †KDB Zv cQ›` K‡iwb| Z`ycwi
Avwiqvmev‡`i mivmwi wb›`v wQj GK gvivZ¥K c`‡¶c| GgbwK
hviv ag©g‡Zi mZ¨vq‡b m¤§wZ Ávcb K‡iwQj ZvivI m‡›`‡ni
mv‡_B Zv K‡iwQj| cweÎ MÖ‡š’ wQj bv Ges hxï ev Zvi wkl¨‡`i
Øviv e¨³ ev D‡j­wLZ bq, Ggb GKwU k‡ãi mg_©‡b ¯^v¶i Ki‡Z
n‡q‡Q| eû XvK‡Xvj wcwU‡q †Zvo‡Rvo K‡i †h mfvi Av‡qvRb
Kiv n‡qwQj ev¯—‡e Zv wKQy AR©b Ki‡Z m¤ú~Y© e¨_© nq|
GKRb gvÎ e¨w³ Rvb‡Zb †h wZwb wK Ki‡Qb| wZwb n‡jb
mgªvU KbóvbUvBb| wZwb Rvb‡Zb †h `„p wek¦vm bq, †fv‡Ui Dci
wfwË K‡i `uvo Kiv‡bv GKwU ag©gZ‡K ¸i“‡Z¡i mv‡_ MÖnY Kiv
n‡e bv| †Kvb e¨w³ Ck¦‡i wek¦vm Ki‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ Zv‡K
MYZvwš¿K cš’vq wbe©vwPZ bvI Ki‡Z cv‡i| wZwb Rvb‡Zb Kxfv‡e
I †Kb wekcMY ag©g‡Zi †NvlYvq ¯^v¶i K‡i‡Qb| wZwb
wekc‡`i Zv‡`i B”Qvi wei“‡× ¯^v¶i w`‡Z eva¨ K‡i‡Qb Ggb
aviYv m„wó bv Kivi e¨vcv‡i `„p msKí wQ‡jb| myZivs wm×vš—
†bqv nq †h mfvi wm×v‡š—i cÖwZ Ck¦‡ii mg_©b I Aby‡gv`b
cÖgv‡Yi R‡b¨ Ck¦‡ii A‡jŠwKK ¶gZvi AvkÖq †bqv n‡e| mfvi
ïi“‡Z G‡b R‡ov Kiv hxïi wk¶vi wjwLZ weeiY Mm‡c‡ji
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 135
wekvj ¯—‚c ZLbI mfvK‡¶i ga¨Lv‡b ivLv wQj| GKwU m~Î g‡Z,
†mLv‡b †m mg‡q 270wU Mm‡cj ivLv wQj| Ab¨ GKwU m~Î g‡Z
wewfbœ ai‡bi Mm‡c‡ji msL¨v wQj 4000 Gi gZ| hw` †m¸‡jvi
msL¨v G‡Kev‡iB Kwg‡q aiv nq Zvn‡jI †Kvb wkw¶Z L„óv‡bi
R‡b¨ †m msL¨v wQj A‡bK †ewk| Mm‡c‡j Luy‡R cvIqv hvq bv
Ggb me aviYv m¤^wjZ Ges †Kvb †Kvb †¶‡Î Mm‡c‡ji mv‡_
mivmwi we‡ivag~jK GKwU ag©xq gZev` cÖYqb I cÖPjb wKQy
†jvK‡K †hgb weåvš— K‡iwQj Ab¨w`‡K Mm‡cjmg~‡ni we`¨gvbZv
Ab¨‡`i Rb¨ LyeB AmyweavRbK wQj|
G †cÖw¶‡Z wm×vš— M„nxZ nq †h mKj Mm‡cj mfvK‡¶
GKwU †Uwe‡ji bx‡P ivLv n‡e| Zvi ci mK‡jB K¶ Z¨vM K‡i
Ges Zv Zvjve× Kiv nq| GLb †h Mm‡cjwU mwVK †mUv hv‡Z
†Uwe‡ji Dci P‡j Av‡m Zvi Rb¨ mvivivZ a‡i cÖv_©bv Kivi
R‡b¨ wekc‡`i wb‡`©k †`Iqv nq| mKvj †ejv †`Lv †Mj,
Av‡jKRvÛv‡ii cÖwZwbwa G_vbvwmqv‡mi Kv‡Q MÖnY‡hvM¨
Mm‡cjwU †Uwe‡ji Dci ¯’vwcZ i‡q‡Q| G NUbvq †Uwe‡ji bx‡P
_vKv Ab¨vb¨ mKj Mm‡cj cywo‡q †djvi wm×vš— †bqv nq| Z‡e
†mB iv‡Z mfvK‡¶i Zvjvi Pvwe Kvi Kv‡Q wQj, †m e¨vcv‡i wKQy
Rvbv hvq bv|
Gici Abby‡gvw`Z Mm‡cj Kv‡Q ivLv ¸i“Zi Aciv‡a
cwiYZ nq| Gi cwiYwZ‡Z cieZ©x eQi¸‡jv‡Z 10 jv‡LiI
†ewk L„óvb wbnZ nq| G_vbvwmqvm †h Kxfv‡e L„óvb‡`i g‡a¨
HK¨ cÖwZôvi †Póv K‡iwQ‡jb, G †_‡KB Zv eySv hvq|
wbwmwqi mfv †_‡K cÖZ¨veZ©‡bi ci wekcMY Zv‡`i cy‡iv‡bv
we‡iva‡K RvwM‡q Zzj‡jb hv Zviv mgªvU KZ©…K Avn‚Z n‡q
cwiZ¨vM K‡iwQ‡jb| jovB ïi“ nq, cy‡iv‡bv we‡iva Pj‡ZB
_v‡K| Zviv †h wbwmqvi mfvq ag©g‡Z ¯^v¶i K‡i‡Qb, †m K_v
wew¯§Z n‡jb| Avwiqv‡mi mg_©Kiv wbwmqvi ag©gZ‡K cÖK…Z L„óvb
136 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
a‡g©i mg_©K e‡j we‡ePbv K‡ib bv, †m K_v †Mvcb Ki‡jb bv|
GKgvÎ G_vbvwmqvmB (Athanasius) m¤¢eZ G bqv ag©g‡Zi
cÖwZ AbyMZ wQ‡jb| wKš‘ Zvi mg_©K‡`i g‡a¨ G wb‡q m‡›`n
weivR KiwQj| Ab¨w`‡K cvðv‡Z¨ Zv wQj m¤ú~Y© AÁvZ|
wbwmqvi mfvi 30 eQi ciI mvay wnjvwi (Saint Hillary)
wbmxq ag©gZ m¤ú‡K© AbewnZ wQ‡jb| wZwb wj‡L‡Qb :
Avgiv hv‡`i we‡ivax Zv‡`i Avgiv Awfkvc w`w”Q| Avgv‡`i
g‡a¨ Ab¨ Kv‡iv gZev` †nvK A_ev Ab¨ Kv‡iv g‡a¨ Avgv‡`i
gZev` †nvK, Avgiv Zvi wb›`v KiwQ| Gfv‡e Avgiv G‡K
Aci‡K wQbœwfbœ KiwQ, Avgiv A‡b¨i aŸs‡mi KviY n‡q
`uvwo‡qwQ| bqv evB‡e‡ji MÖxK †_‡K j¨vwU‡b Abyev` we‡kl K‡i
c†UvwbK `k©‡bi MÖxK k㸇jvi †¶‡Î, hv PvP© KZ©…K cweÎ
D‡Ï‡k¨ e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q, L„óvb a‡g©i inm¨¸‡jv‡K cÖKvk
Ki‡Z e¨_© n‡q‡Q| cweÎ MÖ‡š’ †gŠwLK fyj¸‡jv j¨vwUb ag©Z‡Z¡
gvivZ¥K iKg åvwš— ev RwUjZvi m„wó Ki‡e|28
†_ª‡mi (Thrace) GKRb wekc mvwebvm (Sabinus)
wbwmqvq mg‡eZ nIqv mKj wekc‡K AÁ, ¯’‚jeyw× m¤úbœ e‡j
AvL¨vwqZ K‡ib| †mLv‡b †h ag© wek¦v‡mi †NvlYv †`Iqv nq Zv‡K
wZwb g~L© e¨w³‡`i KvR e‡j D‡jL K‡i e‡jb †h G wel‡q Zv‡`i
†Kvb ÁvbB wQj bv| HwZnvwmK mwµUvm (Socritus) Dfq
c¶‡K iv‡Zi AÜKv‡i G‡K A‡b¨i K_v eyS‡Z bv †c‡i jovBiZ
†mbv `‡ji mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb| W: ó¨vbwj wj‡L‡Qb †h
G_vbvwmqvm e„× eq‡m a‡g©i AvaywbKvq‡b †h AvMÖn †`wL‡q‡Qb
Zv wZwb hw` Zi“Y eq‡m cÖ`k©b Ki‡Zb Zv n‡j nq‡Zv K¨v_wjK
PvP© wef³ nZ bv, eû i³ ¶qI nq‡Zv ev Gov‡bv †hZ| Gfv‡e
wbwmqvi mfv L„óvb m¤úÖ`vq¸‡jvi ga¨Kvi weivU e¨eavb Kwg‡q
Avbvi cwie‡Z© Zv Av‡iv evwo‡q †Zv‡j| Zv‡`i g‡a¨ wZ³Zvi
Aemvb †Zv NUjB bv, eis Zv e„w× †cj| Pv‡P©i †µva Ggb
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 137
ch©v‡q †cuŠ‡Q †h mKj hyw³ I KviY ev` w`‡q Zv kw³ cÖ‡qv‡Mi
c_ MÖnY K‡i| Gi cwiYwZ‡Z Avwiqvm‡`i cÖ_g eo ai‡bi
i³cvZ ïi“ nq| G cš’vq c_ (Goths) I jgevW©iv
(Lombards) Ôag©vš—wiZÕ nq| µz‡mW hy‡×i dj wnmv‡e
Avk¼vRbK fv‡e cÖvYnvwb NU‡Z _v‡K| BD‡iv‡c wÎk eQi a‡i
Pj‡Z _vKv hy‡× GUv cÖwZwôZ nq †h ïay wÎZ¡ev‡` wek¦vm ¯’vcbB
h‡_ó bq, PvP©‡KI gvb¨ Ki‡Z n‡e| GB ms¯‹vi PjvKv‡j
cwiw¯’wZ wQj GgbB †h jy_v‡ii (Luther) Kg©KvÊ †gv‡UB hxïi
cÖK…Z wk¶vi w`‡K wd‡i hvIqvi j‡¶¨ bq, eis Zv wbQK GK
¶gZvi jovB e‡jB cÖgvwYZ nq|
325 L„. Ae¨ewnZ ciB †h me NUbv N‡UwQj, Zvi g‡a¨
Ab¨Zg wQj wekc Av‡jKRvÛv‡ii ci‡jvKMgb| wZwb 328 L„.
ci‡jvKMgb K‡ib| Av‡jKRvw›`ªqvi wekc wbe©vPb wb‡q
†Mvj‡hvM †`Lv †`q| Avwiqvmcš’x I †g‡jwUqvb cš’xiv cÖej
cÖwZ‡iva M‡o †Zv‡j| wKš‘ G_vbvwmqvm wekc c‡o cÖv_©x wn‡m‡e
†NvwlZ, wbe©vwPZ I Awfwl³ nb| Zvi wbe©vPb wQj weZwK©Z| hviv
Zvi wbe©vwPZ nIqvi we‡ivwaZv K‡iwQj Zviv Zvi wei“‡× wbcxob,
ivR‰bwZK lohš¿ GgbwK †fvRevwR cÖ`k©‡biI Awf‡hvM Av‡b|
Gw`‡K mgªvU KbóvbUvB‡bi `iev‡i Zvi Ck¦i‡cÖgx †evb
KbóvbwUbv L„óvb‡`i nZ¨vKv‡Êi we‡ivwaZv Ae¨vnZ †i‡LwQ‡jb|
wZwb †h Avwiqvm‡KB mZ¨ L„óvb a‡g©i cÖwZwbwa g‡b K‡ib †m
K_v KL‡bvB †Mvcb Kivi †Póv K‡ibwb| wZwb wb‡Kv‡gwWqvi
BD‡mweqv‡mi cÖwZ mgªv‡Ui AvPi‡YiI we‡ivwaZv K‡ib|
KbóvbUvBb Zv‡K wbe©vmb w`‡qwQ‡jb| `xN©w`b ci KbóvbwUbv
mdj nb Ges BD‡mweqvm‡K †`‡k †divi AbygwZ †`Iqv nq|
G_vwbqv‡mi R‡b¨ GwU wQj GK gvivZ¥K AvNvZ| mgªvU ax‡i
ax‡i Avwiqv‡mi cÖwZ Suz‡K co‡Z ïi“ K‡ib| hLb wZwb ïb‡jb
†h, Av‡jKRvw›`ªqvi wekc c‡` G_vbvwmqv‡mi wbe©vPb wb‡q
138 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
Awf‡hvM DÌvwcZ n‡q‡Q, ZLwb wZwb bqv wekc‡K ivRavbx‡Z
Zje K‡ib| wKš‘ G_vbvwmqvm ¶gv cÖv_©bv Ki‡jb| wZwb
ivRavbx Kbóvw›U‡bvc‡j †M‡jb bv| 335 L„. KbóvbUvB‡bi
ivR‡Z¡i wÎk eQi c~wZ© Dcj‡¶ Uvqvi (Tyre) bMix‡Z GK mfv
AbywôZ nq| G_vbvwmqvm Zv‡Z †hvM w`‡Z eva¨ nb| Zvi wei“‡×
ivRKxq ˆ¯^ivPv‡ii Awf‡hvM Avbv nq| cwiw¯’wZ Zvi GgbB
cÖwZK‚j wQj †h wZwb mfvi wm×v‡š—i A‡c¶v bv K‡iB mfv¯’j
Z¨vM K‡ib| Zvi wb›`v Kiv nq| wekcMY †Ri“hv‡j‡g mg‡eZ
nb Ges Zvi wb›`vi wel‡q wbwðZ nb| Avwiqvm‡K Pv‡P© wdwi‡q
Avbv nq Ges wZwb ag©xq cÖv_©bv mfv Abyôv‡bi AbygwZ jvf
K‡ib|
Avwiqvm I Zvi eÜz BD‡Rvqvm‡K mgªvU Kbóvw›U‡bvc‡j
Avgš¿Y Rvbvb| Avwiqvm I mgªv‡Ui g‡a¨ kvwš— cÖwZôv m¤úbœ nj|
Gici wekcMY cybivq AvbyôvwbKfv‡e G_vbvwmqv‡mi wb›`v
K‡ib| †ec‡ivqv G_vbvwmqvm wms‡ni ¸nvi g‡a¨B Zvi m¤§yLxb
nIqvi wm×vš— MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb Kbóvw›U‡bvc‡j P‡j Av‡mb|
mgªv‡Ui `iev‡i Dcw¯’Z nIqvi R‡b¨ Zv‡K AbygwZ †`Iqv nj|
G mgq wb‡Kv‡gwWqvi BD‡mweqvm †mLv‡b Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb| wZwb
fvjfv‡eB Rvb‡Zb †h wbwmqvi mfvi wm×vš— ivR‰bwZK Kvi‡Y
Avwiqv‡mi wec‡¶ †M‡Q wZwb Dcjwä Ki‡jb †h ag©xq weZK©
mgªvU †Kvbfv‡eB eyS‡Z cvi‡eb bv| myZivs †m c‡_ bv wM‡q
wZwb ivRavbx‡Z km¨ mieiv‡n evav m„wói R‡b¨ G_vbvwmqvm‡K
Awfhy³ Ki‡jb| GB Awfbe Awf‡hv‡M G_vbvwmqvm we¯§q weg~p
n‡q c‡ob| wZwb Dcjwä Ki‡jb †h wZwb †h †Ljvq `¶ †m
†Ljv `¶Zvi mv‡_ †Lj‡Z cvivi gZ Ab¨ †jvKI Av‡Q|
Awf‡hvM mn‡RB cÖgvwYZ nq Ges G_vbvwmqvm‡K Mj (Gaul)
cÖ‡`‡ki Uªvqv‡i (Trier) †cÖiY Kiv nq| Avwiqvm
Kbóvw›U‡bvc‡ji wekc wbhy³ nb| wKš‘ Gi wKQyw`b ciB 336
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 139
L„. wel cÖ‡qv‡Mi d‡j wZwb gviv hvb| PvP© G‡K A‡jŠwKK NUbv
e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Ki‡jI mgªvU Zv nZ¨vKvÊ e‡j m‡›`n Ki‡jb|
wZwb G g„Zz¨i NUbv Z`‡š— GKwU Kwgkb MVb K‡ib| inm¨RbK
cš’vq Z`š— KvR P‡j| G_vbvwmqvm G nZ¨vKv‡Êi R‡b¨ `vqx
e‡j cÖgvwYZ nq| d‡j Avwiqvm‡K nZ¨vi R‡b¨ G_vbvwmqvm‡K
†`vlx mve¨¯— Kiv nq|
Avwiqv‡mi g„Zz¨i NUbvq mgªvU cÖPÊfv‡e Av‡jvwoZ
n‡qwQ‡jb| Dciš‘ †ev‡bi Øviv cÖfvweZ n‡q wZwb L„óvbag© MÖnY
K‡ib| wb‡Kv‡gwWqvi BD‡mweqvm Zv‡K `xw¶Z K‡ib| Gi gvÎ
GK eQi ci 337 L„. mgªvU ci‡jvK Mgb K‡ib| Gfv‡e whwb
Zvi ivR‡Z¡i AwaKvsk mgq GKZ¡ev‡`i mg_©K‡`i Dci wbcxob
Pvwj‡qwQ‡jb, wZwb Rxe‡bi †kl cÖv‡š— G‡m Zvi nv‡Z hviv wbnZ
n‡qwQj Zv‡`iB ag© MÖnY K‡i ci‡jv‡K Mgb Ki‡jb|
L„óa‡g©i BwZnv‡m Avwiqvm GK ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb
K‡ib| KbóvbUvB‡bi L„óvb ag© MÖn‡Yi wcQ‡b wZwb †h eo f~wgKv
cvjb K‡ib ïay ZvB bq, hviv hxïi cÖ`wk©Z mZ¨ c_ †LvjvLywj
Abymi‡Y m‡Pó wQj wZwb Zv‡`iI cÖwZwbwa wQ‡jb| hLb hxïi
wk¶v gvivZ¥Kfv‡e wejywßi w`‡K GwM‡q P‡jwQj, hLb cÖZ¨v‡`k
cÖvß gvbyl wn‡m‡e hxïi ¯§„wZ Svcmv n‡q DVwQj, Avwiqvm ZLb
AUj cvnv‡oi `„pZv wb‡q Zvi †gvKv‡ejv K‡ib Ges †Kvb NUbvB
Zv‡K Zvi f~wgKv †_‡K GK PzjI Ujv‡Z cv‡iwb|
wZwb wek¦vm Ki‡Zb Ck¦i gvÎ GKRbB Ges G wek¦vm wQj
LyeB mnR, mij| wZwb wek¦vm Ki‡Zb †h Ck¦i Kv‡iv m„ó bb,
wZwb wPiš—b, Zuvi †Kvb ïi“ †bB, wZwb m‡e©vËg, wZwb me©kw³gvb,
wZwb AcwieZ©bxq, Zuvi †Kvb weK…wZ †bB Ges Zuvi mËv cÖwZwU
m„ó cÖvYxi ewn©gyLx `„wó †_‡K GK wPiš—b in‡m¨i g‡a¨ XvKv| wZwb
Ck¦‡ii cÖwZ gvbweKZ¡ Av‡iv‡ci †h †Kvb aviYvi we‡ivax wQ‡jb|
140 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
Avwiqvm my®úófv‡e hxïi wk¶v Abymi‡Yi cÖwZ ¸i“Z¡ Av‡ivc
K‡iwQ‡jb| Ck¦‡ii c„_K mËv I Zuvi GK‡Z¡i mv‡_ msMwZc~Y©
cÖwZwU ¸‡Yi cÖKvk Zvi g‡a¨ NUzK, GUvB wZwb Kvqg‡bvev‡K¨
PvB‡Zb| wKš‘ eû- Ck¦‡ii †Kvb cÖKvi aviYvi mv‡_ wZwb Av‡cvk
K‡ibwb| Avi G Kvi‡YB wZwb hxï‡K Ck¦i wn‡m‡e MÖnYKvix †h
†Kvb gZev`‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb Ki‡Z eva¨ wQ‡jb| †h‡nZz Ck¦‡ii
Ab¨Zg cÖavb ˆewkó¨ †h wZwb Kv‡iv Øviv KL‡bvB m„ó bb, myZivs
†Kvb Ae¯’v‡ZB †Kvb aviYvqB Ck¦‡ii †Kvb mš—vb _vK‡Z cv‡i
bv|
wZwb hyw³ †`wL‡q e‡jb, Ck¦‡ii Dci hw` mš—vb Rb¥`v‡bi
Kvh© Av‡ivc Kiv nq Zvn‡j Zv Zvi GKZ¡‡K aŸsm K‡i| G Qvov
Zv Ck¦‡ii Dci kvixwiK Aw¯—Z¡ I Av‡eMI Av‡ivc K‡i hv ïay
gvby‡li †¶‡ÎB Av‡ivc‡hvM¨| Dciš‘ Zv Ck¦‡ii cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi
K_vI eySvq hv Zvi †bB| myZivs †Kvb Ae¯’v‡ZB Ck¦‡ii Dci
Rb¥`v‡bi Kvh© Av‡ivc Kiv m¤¢e bq|
Avwiqvm Av‡iv e‡jb †h †h‡nZz hxï wQ‡jb mxgve× †m
Kvi‡Y wZwb Ck¦i bb, Ab¨wKQy, KviY Ck¦i wPiš—b| Ggb GKwU
mgq wQj hLb hxïi Aw¯—Z¡ wQj bv, hv †_‡K cybivq cÖZxqgvb nq
†h hxï Ck¦i Qvov Ab¨wKQy| hxï Ck¦‡ii mËv bb, wZwb Ck¦‡ii
GK m„wó, Aek¨B Ab¨vb¨ m„ó gvby‡li gZB, Z‡e bex nIqvi
Kvi‡Y gvbyl‡`i g‡a¨ wbwðZfv‡e Abb¨| Hk¦wiK mËvi Askx`vi
wZwb bb, wZwb cwiPvwjZ n‡Zb Hkx wb‡`©‡k| wZwb Aek¨B
Ab¨vb¨ m„wói gZ Ck¦‡ii Ki“Yv I mvnv‡h¨i Dci wbf©ikxj
wQ‡jb, c¶vš—‡i Ck¦i †Kvb wKQyi DciB wbf©ikxj bb| mKj
gvby‡li gZ ZviI wQj ¯^vaxb B”Qv I ¯^fve hv Zv‡K Ck¦‡ii Kv‡Q
m‡š—vlRbK ev Am‡š—vlRbK Kg© m¤úv`‡b ¶gZv w`‡qwQj|
hw`I Ck¦i Amš‘ó nb Ggb KvR Kivi ¶gZv hxïi wQj, wKš‘
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 141
Zvi ˆbwZK ï×ZvB Zv‡K †miKg wKQy Kiv †_‡K weiZ
†i‡LwQj|
Avwiqv‡mi ag© wek¦v‡mi GB †gŠwjK gZev`¸‡jv GLb ch©š—
wU‡K Av‡Q Ges eû GKZ¡ev`x L„óv‡bi ag© wek¦v‡mi Zv g~j wfwË|
337 L„. mgªvU KbóvbUvB‡bi g„Zz¨i ci ci cieZ©x mgªvU
KbóvbwUqvmI Avwiqv‡mi ag©gZ MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb Ges GKZ¡ev‡`
wek¦vmB †Muvov L„óvb ag© wn‡m‡e miKvixfv‡e M„nxZ nIqv Ae¨vnZ
wQj| 341 L„. Gw›UI‡K AbywôZ GK m‡¤§j‡b GKZ¡ev`B L„óvb
a‡g©i cÖK…Z wfwË wn‡m‡e M„nxZ nq| 351 L„. wmiwgqv‡g AbywôZ
Av‡iKwU m‡¤§j‡b ZrKvjxb mgªv‡Ui Dcw¯’wZ‡Z cybivq c~‡e©i
wm×vš—‡KB ¯^xKvi K‡i †bqv nq| Gfv‡e Avwiqvm †h wk¶v aviY
K‡iwQ‡jb ZvB L„óvb mgv‡Ri msL¨vMwiô AskMÖnY K‡i| mvay
†R‡ivg 359 L„. wj‡LwQ‡jb †h, Òmviv wek¦B wb‡R‡K Avwiqv‡mi
ag©g‡Zi Abymvix wn‡m‡e †`L‡Z †c‡q †e`bvZ© I wew¯§Z
n‡qwQj|29 Gi cieZ©x eQi¸‡jv‡Z wÎZ¡ev`x‡`i msL¨v wKQyUv
e„w× cvq, wKš‘ 381 L„. KbóvbwU‡bvc‡j mgªv‡Ui miKvix ag©
wn‡m‡e Avwiqv‡mi ag©g‡Zi K_vB †NvlYv Kiv nq| hv †nvK,
cvðv‡Z¨ L„óa‡g©i wfwË wn‡m‡e wÎZ¡ev` ax‡i ax‡i M„nxZ n‡Z
_v‡K| wewfbœ ÔmfviÕ ˆeV‡Ki welq I M„nxZ ÔmiKvixÕ cÖ¯—vegvjv
†_‡K †`Lv hvq †h cvðv‡Z¨i †Muvov L„óvb mgvR hxïi wk¶v †_‡K
KZLvwb `~‡i m‡i wM‡qwQj| hxï wb‡R KL‡bvB G ai‡bi ms¯’v
MVb K‡ibwb hv kvmK‡`i ivR- `ievi¸‡jv‡Z mvaviYZ †`Lv
†hZ|
387 L„. †R‡ivg Zvi weL¨vZ j¨vwUb evB‡ej (Vulgate
Bible) Abyev‡`i KvR m¤úbœ K‡ib| g~j wneªy †_‡K MÖxK fvlvq
†h me ag©MÖš’ Abyw`Z n‡qwQj, ZviB K‡qKwUi cÖ_g j¨vwUb
Abyev` wQj †R‡iv‡gi evB‡ej| GLb hv Iì †Uóv‡g›U e‡j
cwiwPZ, †mwUI Gi Aš—f©y³ wQj| Ab¨vb¨ fvlvq †h me evB‡ej
142 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
Abyev` Kiv nq, †R‡iv‡gi evB‡ej †m¸‡jvi wfwË wn‡m‡e cwiYZ
nq| GB evB‡e‡jB †ivgvb K¨v_wjK Ges c‡i †cÖv‡Uó¨v›U PvP©
KZ©…K miKvix ag©MÖš’ wn‡m‡e M„nxZ nq| Avi hLb Zv cÖwZwôZ
n‡q †Mj ZLb †R‡iv‡gi msKj‡b wQj bv Ggb mKj Mm‡cj I
cweÎ MÖš’ G `yÕwU PvP© KZ©…K Av‡M ev c‡i cÖvq m¤ú~Y© aŸsm K‡i
†djv nq| Gfv‡e cÖK…Z hxïi mv‡_ mKj ms‡hvM ax‡i ax‡i wejyß
nIqv Ae¨vnZ _v‡K|
cieZ©x ¸i“Z¡c~Y© e¨w³ n‡jb †cvc Abvwiqvm (Honorius)
gnvbex gynv¤§` m. Gi mgmvgwqK G e¨w³wU Bmjv‡gi DÌv‡bi
†Rvqvi cÖZ¨¶ K‡ib hvi mv‡_ Avwiqv‡mi ag©g‡Zi wecyj mv`„k¨
wQj| L„óvb‡`i cvi¯úwiK nvbvnvwb Zvi g‡b ZLbI ZiZvRv
¯§„wZ wn‡m‡e RvMiƒK wPj| wZwb nq‡Zv †f‡ewQ‡jb †h Bmjvg
m¤ú‡K© wZwb hv ï‡b‡Qb Zv L„óvb‡`i ga¨Kvi we‡f` `~i Kivi
R‡b¨ cÖ‡qvM Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| wZwb Zvi cθ‡jv‡Z wÎZ¡ev‡`i
g‡a¨ ÔGK gbÕ (One mind)- Gi gZev` mg_©b Ki‡Z ïi“
K‡ib| wZwb wek„•Ljvc~Y©| hyw³i Dcmsnv‡i wZwb GK Ck¦‡ii
Aw¯—‡Z¡ wek¦v‡mi K_v D‡jL K‡ib|
451 L„. P¨vjwmW‡bi mfv †NvlYv K‡iwQj †h L„‡ói ¯^fve
AwefvR¨| G wm×vš— Abvwiqvm‡K L„‡ói ÔGK gbÕ msµvš— Zvi
g‡Zi e¨vcv‡i DrmvwnZ K‡i †Zv‡j| wZwb hyw³ cÖ`k©b K‡ib †h
L„ó Avw` cv‡ci Awfkvc †_‡K gy³ GKRb gvby‡li iƒc aviY
K‡iwQ‡jb| GB gZ Abyhvqx L„‡ói GKwU gvbweK B”Qv wQj|
Gfv‡e cjxq L„óvba‡g©i g‡a¨B c‡iv¶fv‡e GK Ck¦‡ii cÖwZ
wek¦vm‡K mg_©b Kiv nq| c‡ji D™¢vweZ ag©gZ KZUv †Ru‡K
e‡mwQj I Rb- gvbm‡K weåvš— K‡iwQj, G ai‡bi ˆecixZ¨
†_‡K Zvi Avfvm cvIqv hvq| †cvc Abvwiqvm 638 m‡b
ci‡jvKMgb K‡ib| GKB eQi mgªvU †nivwK¬qvm Abvwiqv‡mi
ag©gZ‡K miKvix fv‡e MÖnY K‡ib Ges wZwb GK digvb Rvwi
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 143
K‡ib GB e‡j †h Òmgªv‡Ui mKj cÖRv‡KB hxïi GK g‡bi K_v
¯^xKvi Ki‡Z n‡e|Ó30 638 L„. AbywôZ Kbóvw›U‡bvc‡ji
hvRKmfvq Abvwiqv‡mi ag©gZ‡K Òhxïi wkl¨‡`i cÖPvwiZ wk¶vi
mv‡_ cÖK…Z msMwZc~YÓ© AvL¨vwqZ K‡i mg_©b Rvbv‡bv nq|31
Avwiqv‡mi gZev` cÖvq Aa© kZK ch©š— †Kvb P¨v‡j‡Äi m¤§yLxb
nqwb| 680 L„. Zvi ci‡jvKMg‡bi 42 eQi ci Kbóvw›U‡bvc‡j
GK hvRK mfv AbywôZ nq Ges G‡Z †cvc Abvwiqvm‡K Awfkvc
†`Iqv nq G Kvi‡Y †h wZwb Òag© we‡ivax wk¶vi Av¸b‡K
ïi“‡ZB wbe©vwcZ Ki‡Z e¨_© n‡q‡Qb Ges Ae‡njv cÖ`k©‡bi
gva¨‡g Zv‡K Av‡iv we¯—vi jvf Ki‡Z w`‡q‡QbÓ Ges Zvici
ÒcweÎ ag©‡K Kjw¼Z n‡Z w`‡q‡Qb|Ó32 Pv‡P©i mg_©‡b GKRb
†cvc‡K Zvi DËim~wi KZ©…K wb›`v Kiv †cvcxq BwZnv‡m GK
Awfbe NUbv|
Gici cjxq PvP© A_ev †ivgvb K¨v_wjK PvP© Abymvix‡`i
msL¨v e¨vcKfv‡e e„w× I kw³ m‡qi gva¨‡g ¶gZvkvjx n‡q
I‡V| Gi eo KviY wQj †ivgvb mgªvU‡`i mv‡_ Pv‡P©i m¤ú„³Zv|
†cvc I hvR‡Kiv kvmK‡`i mv‡_ hZ †ewk nvZ †gjv‡jb ZZB
PvP© I kvm‡Kiv Awfbœ n‡q DV‡Z _vKj| Aóg kZvãx‡Z †ivgb
K¨v_wjK PvP© †Ri“hv‡jg bq, †ivg‡K m`i `dZi K‡i my`„pfv‡e
cÖwZôv jvf K‡i| †ivg bMixi wfZ‡i I evB‡i wecyj cwigvY f~wg
I m¤ú` Pv‡P©i n¯—MZ nq| G m¤ú` mgªvU ÒKbóvbUvB‡bi `vbÓ
wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ wQj|
†ivgvb K¨v_wjK Pv‡P©i g‡Zi we‡ivwaZv Kiv wec¾bK wQj|
KviY Pv‡P©i wbR¯^ ¶gZvi cvkvcvwk wQj †mbv evwnbxi mg_©b|
325 m‡bi ci K¨v_wjK Pv‡P©i ag©gZ MÖnY bv Kiv 10 jv‡LiI
†ewk L„óvb‡K nZ¨v Kiv nq| Kvh©Z GB wQj GK AÜKvi hyM ev
Kv‡jv Aa¨vq| G mgq cÖKv‡k¨ GKZ¡ev‡`i cÖwZ mg_©b cÖKv‡ki
mvnm BD‡iv‡c Lye Kg †jv‡KiB wQj|
144 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
K¨v_wjK PvP© hLb ag©xq †¶‡Î wfbœgZ †cvlYKvix‡`i Òag©
we‡ivaxÓ AvL¨v w`‡q Zv‡`i wbg©~j Ki‡Z e¨¯— wQj, ZZw`‡b
gymjgvbiv L„óvb RM‡Z Zv‡`i cwiwPwZ we¯—vi Ki‡Z ïi“
K‡iwQj| DËi Avwd«Kvi cÖvq mKj hxï AbymvixB Bmjvg‡K
Zv‡`i cÖfyi Zid †_‡K cybt evZ©v wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ w`‡qwQj hv
mivmwi Zv‡`i ag©‡K AbymiY I AwZµg K‡i wM‡qwQj| Zviv
Bmjvg MÖnY Kij| d‡j ïay BD‡iv‡cB L„óvb ag© envj iBj|
f¨vwUKv‡bi †bZ…e„›` Aek¨B Bmjvg Ges Avwiqv‡mi cÖPvwiZ
GKZ¡ev‡`i g‡a¨ mv`„k¨ †`L‡Z †c‡qwQ‡jb| Df‡qB wek¦vmx wQj
GK mªóvqÑ Bmjv‡gi fvlvq GK Avj­vn Ges Avwiqv‡mi fvlvq
GK Ck¦‡i| Df‡qi Kv‡QB hxï wQ‡jb GKRb bex| Avwiqv‡mi
fvlvq whwb hxï Bmjv‡gi fvlvq wZwb Cmv Av. Df‡qi Kv‡QB
wZwb wQ‡jb GKRb gvbyl| Bmjvg I Avwiqvm Df‡qB †gix‡K
Kzgvix e‡j‡Q Ges hxïi cweÎZvq Df‡qB wek¦vmx| Dfq a‡g©B
cweÎ AvZ¥v‡K MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q| Df‡qB hxïi Dci Ck¦iZ¡
Av‡ivc‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i‡Q| myZivs Avwiqv‡mi cÖwZ †h N„Yv
cjxq PvP© †cvlY KiwQj GLb Zvi j¶¨ nj gymjgvbiv| Gw`K
†_‡K †`L‡j Pv‡P©i BwZnv‡m µz‡mW¸‡jv †Kvb wew”Qbœ welq wQj
bv, eis cjxq PvP© µz‡mW‡K Avwiqvmcš’x‡`i MYnZ¨vi D‡Ï‡k¨
e¨envi K‡i|
G mgqKv‡j PvP© Zvi Af¨š—‡i †h †Kvb we‡ivwaZvB †nvK bv
†Kb, D‡c¶v KiZ bv| Pv‡P©i cÖwZwôZ gZev` †_‡K †h †Kvb
ai‡bi wePz¨wZ ev wfbœgZ Z`š— K‡i †`Lv I Zv wbg©~‡ji R‡b¨
ÔZ`š— I †RivÕ bv‡g GKwU ms¯’v (Inquisition) cÖwZôv Kiv
nq| G ms¯’v KZ©…K KZ †jvK‡K †h nZ¨v Kiv n‡qwQj Zvi cÖK…Z
msL¨v Rvbv hvq bv| Z‡e wbwðZfv‡e wecyj msL¨K †jvK Zv‡`i
wkKvi n‡q wbg©~j n‡qwQj|
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 145 146 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
ms¯‹v‡ii (Reformation) NUbvewj Ges cvkvcvwk (Unitariansim) hvB ejv †nvKbv †Kb, L„óvb‡`i mKj `gb-
†cÖv‡Uó¨v›U Pv‡P©i cÖwZôvi Kvi‡Y wÎZ¡ev` Av‡iv `„p n‡q cÖwZwôZ wbcxo‡bi g‡a¨I AvR ch©š— wU‡K Av‡Q| cieZ©x Aa¨v‡q ewY©Z
nq hw`I ÒKbóvbUvB‡bi `vbÓ kxl©K `wj‡ji ˆeaZv wb‡q ¯úófvlx GKZ¡ev`x‡`i msw¶ß Rxeb cwiwPwZ †_‡K Zvi cÖgvY
†cÖv‡Uó¨v›U I †ivgvb K¨v_wjK‡`i g‡a¨ Zxeª we‡ivwaZv wQj| wKQy wgj‡e|
cwÊZ G `wjjwU Nwbôfv‡e ch©‡e¶Y I cix¶v K‡ib Ges GwU
Rvj wQj e‡j †`L‡Z cvb| ZLb †_‡K f¨vwUKvb G `wjj m¤ú‡K©
`‡¤¢vw³ eÜ K‡i| †cÖv‡Uó¨v›U I K¨v_wjK‡`i g‡a¨ weL¨vZ 30
eQ‡ii hy× (Thirty Year War) †_‡K cÖgvwYZ nq †h hxïi
cÖK…Z wk¶vi cÖwZôv Kiv G hy‡×i j¶¨ wQj bv| Avwiqv‡mi
AbymvixMY I c‡i gymjgvb‡`i cÖwZ cjxq Pv‡P©i AvMÖvmx bxwZ
†_‡K my¯úófv‡e cÖZxqgvb nq †h PvP© hv †P‡qwQj Zv nj ¶gZv|
GB wZbwU NUbvi meKwU‡ZB PvP© cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e Zvi wb‡Ri
Aw¯—Z¡ I ¶gZv ivLvi R‡b¨B jovB K‡i‡Q, hxïi wk¶vi we¯—vi
NUv‡Z bq|
Bmjv‡gi we¯—vi Ae¨vnZ _vKvi †cÖw¶‡Z cÖvP¨ I cvðvZ¨
†_‡K gymjgvb‡`i‡K Avµg‡Yi GK gnv cwiKíbv cÖYqb Kiv
nq| G cwiKíbvq Zviv fvi‡Zi GKRb wKse`wš—i L„óvb ivRvi
evwnbxi mv‡_ †hvM †`Iqvi Ges Zvi mvnv‡h¨ mviv wek¦ Rq Kivi
Avkv K‡iwQj| fvi‡Z †cuŠQvi cÖ‡Póvq Kj¤^vm Av‡gwiKv Avwe®‹vi
K‡ib Ges fv‡¯‹vWvMvgv fvi‡Z hvIqvi bZzb c_ Luy‡R cvb| G
`yÕwU Avwe®‹viB A_©‰bwZK w`K w`‡q jvfRbK e‡j cÖgvwYZ nq|
L„óvbiv fvi‡Zi wKse`wš—i ivRv‡K Avwe®‹vi K‡iwb ev Zviv
Bmjvg‡KI wbg©~j Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| wKš‘ Zviv we‡k¦i AwaKvsk ¯’v‡b
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 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 147
mßg Aa¨vq
L„óa‡g©i cieZ©x GKZ¡ev`xMY
gvB‡Kj mvi‡fUvm (Michael Servetus) 1511-1553 L„.
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†¯ú‡b Av‡iKwU NUbv N‡U| AZx‡Z †¯ú‡bi gymjgvb I L„óvb‡`i
g‡a¨ PgrKvi m¤úK© _vK‡jI cÖv‡P¨ µz‡m‡Wi Kvi‡Y L„óvb‡`i
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mfv (Spanish Inquisition) wb‡`©k Rvwi K‡i †h hviv L„óvb
bq Zv‡`i †ivgvb K¨v_wjK a‡g© `xw¶Z n‡Z n‡e| Pv‡P©i ixwZ-
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kvw¯—|
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digyjvi cÖwZ AvbyMZ¨ cÖKvkB wQj Zievwii AvNvZ †_‡K Zv‡`i
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cix¶vi ci mwe¯§‡q wZwb †`L‡Z †c‡jb †h evB‡e‡ji wk¶vi
Ask wn‡m‡e †Kv_vI wÎZ¡ev` †bB| wZwb Av‡iv Avwe®‹vi Ki‡jb
148 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
†h PvP© hv wk¶v w`‡”Q evB‡ej me †¶‡Î Zv mg_©b K‡i bv| Zvi
eqm hLb 20 eQi ZLb mvi‡fUvm wm×vš— †bb †h wZwb hv Luy‡R
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m¤úÖ`vq GK‡Î kvwš—‡Z evm Ki‡Z cvi‡e| GB ms‡e`bkxj
AbwfÁ Zi“Y Zvi AbymwÜrmy gb wb‡q Dcjwä Ki‡jb †h L„óvb-
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ms¯‹v‡i †bZv‡`i mvnvh¨ cvIqv hvq| KviY Zviv BwZg‡a¨B
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†h bqv †cÖv‡Uóv›U PvP©¸‡jv GKZ¡ev`x n‡e Ges Zv‡`i mvnv‡h¨
L„óvb, Bqvû`x I gymjgvbiv GK‡Î kvwš—‡Z evm Ki‡Z m¶g
n‡e| gvbe cwiev‡ii ÒwcZvÓ GK Ck¦‡ii wfwˇZ GKwU mnbkxj
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Awawe`¨vi duv‡` AvUKv c‡o Av‡Q, Zv Dcjwä Kivi †¶‡Î
mvi‡fUvm Lye †ewk Zi“b wQ‡jb| wZwb †`L‡jb †h Ck¦‡ii
GK‡Z¡ Zuvi wek¦v‡mi e¨vcv‡i jy_vi I K¨vjwf‡bi †KvbB m¤úK©
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wQ‡jb| K¨v_wjK Pv‡P©i †ek wKQy Abyôvb wejyß Kiv nq, wKš‘
Zuviv hxïi Avmj wk¶vi cybivwe®‹v‡i fxZ wQ‡jb| KviY Zv
Ki‡j Zuv‡`i R‡b¨ Av‡iv mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡Z cviZ Ges Zv‡`i
wbR¯^ ¶gZv I L¨vwZ wejyß n‡Z cviZ| m¤¢eZ Zviv Dcjwä
Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb †h †ivgvb- K¨v_wjK‡`i AvPvi- AvPiY
whïwLª‡÷i RxebvPviY †_‡K KZ `~‡i m‡i wM‡qwQj| Zviv
ms¯‹viK…Z ag©‡K mbvZb K¨v_wjK a‡g©i KvVv‡gvi g‡a¨ a‡i
ivL‡Z AvcÖvY †Póv K‡ib| Zv‡`i weev` wQj †iv‡gi ag©Z‡Ë¡i
mv‡_ bq, Zvi ms¯’v¸‡jvi mv‡_ Ges wbw`©ófv‡e †K PvP©‡K kvmb
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 149
Ki‡e, †m e¨vcv‡i| mvi‡fUv‡mi wek¦vm G `yÕwU ms¯’vi cÖwZ ûgwK
n‡q D‡VwQj| Avi †m Kvi‡YB ms¯‹viev`x‡`i cÖwZ Zuvi Av‡e`b
Zv‡`i wbR¯^ Awfbœ ¯^v_©i¶vi ¯^v‡_© K¨v_wjK Pv‡P©i mv‡_ Zv‡`i
†hvM`v‡bi KviY n‡q `uvovq| Gi wKQyB Zi“Y mvi‡fUv‡mi c~Y©
†MvP‡i Av‡mwb|
ms¯‹vi †bZv‡`i e¨vcv‡i wZwb LyeB Avkvev`x wQ‡jb| Zuvi
wek¦vm wQj †h †ivgvb K¨v_wjKev` whïwLª‡ói ag© bq| Zuvi
Aa¨qb wÎZ¡ev‡` Zuvi wek¦vm P~Y© weP~Y© K‡i w`‡qwQj| Gi dj
n‡qwQj GB †h wZwb Ck¦i GK Ges hxï Zuvi GKRb bex, G
wek¦v‡m wek¦vmx n‡q D‡VwQ‡jb| †cvc KZ©…K †¯ú‡bi ivRv cÂg
Pvj©‡mi Awf‡lK Drm‡e †hvM`vb Kivi NUbv cÖZ¨¶ K‡i Zuvi
wek¦vm Av‡iv `„p nq| 1527 L„. Pvj©m †ivg AvµgY I AwaKvi
K‡ib| cÖ_‡g wZwb †cvc‡K e›`x K‡ib| wKš‘ ZviciB wZwb
†cvc‡K GKRb wgÎ K‡i †Zvjvi `ª“Z cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Dcjwä
K‡ib| wZwb †hgbwU †P‡qwQ‡jb, e›`x Ae¯’vq †cv‡ci c‡¶
RbMY‡K wb‡Ri AbyK‚‡j cÖfvweZ Kiv m¤¢e wQj bv| †m Kvi‡Y
wZwb †cvc‡K wKQyUv ¯^vaxbZv wdwi‡q w`‡jb| wZwb †cv‡ci Øviv
Awfwl³ nIqvi wm×vš— wb‡jb| mZ¨ ej‡Z wK, Gi cÖ‡qvRb wQj
bv| GUv wQj mvgvwRK weevn Abyôv‡bi ci Avevi wMR©vq wM‡q
weevn Kivi gZ| ivRvi c~e©m~wiiv G cÖ_v †KD cvjb K‡i‡Qb,
†KD K‡ibwb| wKš‘ cÂvk Pvj©‡mi g‡b nj †h wZwb GLb h‡_ó
mw³kvjx Ges †cvc h‡_ó `ye©j| myZivs wm×vš— Abyhvqx Awf‡lK
Abyôv‡bi Av‡qvRb Kiv nj| wKš‘ Zv †iv‡g AbywôZ nj bv|
mvavi‡Yi wek¦vm wQj †cvc †hLv‡b †ivgI †mLv‡b| ivRv
Abyôv‡bi Av‡qvRb Ki‡jb †ev‡jvbv (Bologna)- †Z|
mvi‡fUvm †mB RuvKRgKc~Y© Abyôvb cÖZ¨¶ Ki‡jb| K¨v_wjK
Pv‡P©i wei“‡× Zuvi gb N„Yvq I weZ…òvq f‡i I‡V| G NUbv eY©bv
K‡i wZwb wj‡L‡Qb :
150 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
Òwb‡Ri †Pv‡L Avwg †`Ljvg ivRcy·`i Kuv‡a †cv‡ci
RuvKRgKc~Y© †kvfvhvÎv| µzk wP‡nèi gZ Zvi nvZ `yÕwU
AvovAvwo ¯’vwcZ| Db¥y³ iv¯—vq iv¯—vq f³e„›` Ggbfv‡e
bZRvby n‡q Zuvi cÖwZ kÖ×v wb‡e`b KiwQj †h hviv Zuvi
cv‡qi RyZv Pz¤^b Ki‡Z m¶g n‡”Q Zviv Aewkó‡`i †P‡q
wb‡R‡`i fvM¨evb g‡b Ki‡Q Ges †NvlYv Ki‡Q †h Zv‡`i
eû gb¯‹vgB c~Y© i‡q‡Q Ges Gevi eû eQ‡ii R‡b¨ Zv‡`i
bviKxq hš¿Yvi Dckg NU‡e| nvq, BZiZg cÖvYx, eviv½Yvi
†P‡qI wbj©¾!1
GgZve¯’vq ms¯‹v‡ii †bZviv mvi‡fUv‡mi Avkv¯’j n‡q
D‡Vb| mvi‡fUvm wbwðZ wQ‡jb †h wZwb hw` wÎZ¡ev‡`i åvwš—
m¤ú‡K© Zv‡`i eySv‡Z cv‡ib Zvn‡j Zuviv H gZev‡` wek¦vm
nviv‡eb Ges Zv Z¨vM Ki‡eb| G fyj aviYvi gvïj Zv‡K w`‡Z
nq Rxeb w`‡q| wZwb †¯úb Z¨vM K‡ib Ges Zzjy‡R
(Toulouse) emevm Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡ib| GLv‡bB wZwb wPwKrmv
kv¯¿ Aa¨qb K‡ib Ges 1534 L„. Wv³vwi wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib|
cieZ©x eQi¸‡jv‡Z wZwb GKRb Kg©Rxex wPwKrm‡K cwiYZ nb|
wKš‘ G m¤ú~Y© mgq cÖK…Z L„óvb ag© cÖwZôvi w`‡KB Zvi AvMÖn
wbe× wQj| †Kvb ¯’v‡b `xN©w`b _vKv Zuvi ¯^vfv‡e¨ wQj bv| wZwb
`~i- `~ivš— Ny‡i †mme gy³gbv †jvK‡`i Luy‡R wdi‡Zb hviv hxï
cÖPvwiZ cÖK…Z L„ó a‡g©i K_v ïb‡e|
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(Oeclompadius) mv‡_ mv¶v‡Zi R‡b¨ evmj (Basle) Mgb
K‡ib| Zuvi mv‡_ mvi‡fUv‡mi †ek K‡qKevi ˆeVK nq| Zuv‡`i
Av‡jvPbv cÖavbZ L„ó a‡g©i `yÕwU iƒ‡ci e¨vcv‡iB †K›`ªxf~Z wQj|
wek¦ m„wói Av‡MB whïwLª‡÷i Aw¯—Z¡ wQj, mvi‡fUvm G wek¦vm ev
aviYv cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib| wZwb hyw³ †`Lvb †h Bqvû`x bexiv
me©`vB ÒCk¦‡ii cyÎÓ m¤ú‡K© K_v ejvi mgq fwel¨rKvj e¨envi
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 151
K‡i‡Qb| hv †nvK, wZwb †`L‡Z †c‡jb †h Zuvi gZ
myBRvij¨v‡Êi †cÖv‡Uóv›U‡`i Kv‡Q MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| wZwb 1530 L„.
evmj Z¨vM K‡ib| GUv wQj Zuvi R‡b¨ GK weivU AvNvZ| KiY
Zuvi Avkv wQj d«v‡Ýi K¨v_wjKiv Zuvi K_v bv ïb‡jI
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ïb‡e| wZwb óªvmeyM© (Strassbourg) Mgb Ki‡jb| †`L‡jb,
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Kvi‡Y wZwb Zvi wPwKrmvwe`¨v Kv‡R jvMv‡Z e¨_© nb| eva¨ n‡q
Zuv‡K wjqu (Lyons) P‡j †h‡Z nq| mvi‡fUvm †¯úb †_‡K
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cvbwb| K¨vjwfb wb‡R hxï L„‡ói wk¶v m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c †g‡b Pjvi
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wn‡m‡e _vK‡Z AvMÖnx wQ‡jb|
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Errors of Trinity) MÖš’ iPbv I gy`ªY K‡i Zvi gZ cÖKvk
Ki‡jb| 1531 L„. G MÖš’wU cÖKvwkZ nq| G eQiB ÒUz WvqvjMm
Ab wUªwbwUÓ (Two Dialogues on Trinity) bv‡g wZwb
Av‡iKwU MÖš’ cÖKvk K‡ib| G `yÕwU MÖš’ mviv BD‡iv‡c So
†Zv‡j| ¯§iYKv‡ji g‡a¨ GiKg MÖš’ iPbvi `ytmvnm Avi †KD
K‡iwb| dj nj GB †h PvP© n‡b¨ n‡q GK ¯’vb †_‡K Av‡iK ¯’v‡b
mvi‡fUvm‡K Luy‡R †eov‡Z ïi“ Kij| mvi‡fUvm eva¨ n‡q Zuvi
wb‡Ri bvg cwieZ©b Ki‡jb, Z‡e gZ-†K bq| 1532 L„. †_‡K
g„Zz¨ ch©š— wZwb QÙbv‡g †eu‡P wQ‡jb| ZLbI K¨vjwf‡bi cÖwZ
mvi‡fUv‡mi GKwU wkïm~jf wek¦vm eRvq wQj| A_P K¨vjwfb
mvi‡fUv‡mi MÖš’ cv‡Vi ci Zuvi cÖwZ Mfxifv‡e weZ…òv n‡q
152 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
D‡Vb| Zuvi Kv‡Q mvi‡fUvm wQ‡jb GK KíbvcÖeY Zi“Y hyeK †h
wKbv Zvi gZ †jvK‡KI ag©ZË¡ †kLv‡bvi `ytmvnm †`wL‡qwQj|
wKš‘ mvi‡fUvm Zuvi Kv‡Q wPwVcÎ †jLv Ae¨vnZ iv‡Lb|
mvi‡fUvm Zuvi gZ †g‡b wb‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb GUv †`Lvi ci
G †bZvi †µva Av‡iv e„w× cvq| Ab¨w`‡K †cÖv‡UóvÈ Av‡›`vj‡bi
†bZv‡`i g‡a¨ Avk¼v †`Lv w`j †h GB Zi“Y hye‡Ki g‡Zi K_v
hw` Rbmvavi‡Yi g‡a¨ RvbvRvwb n‡q hvq Zvn‡j Zv‡`i ag©xq
Av‡›`vjb wech©‡qi m¤§yLxb n‡e| Zv‡`i Av‡iv fq wQj †h
K¨v_wjK L„óvb ag© †_‡K †cÖv‡UóvÈ ag© hw` Lye †ewk `~‡i m‡i
hvq Zvn‡j Pv‡P©i wbh©vZb Av‡iv e„w× cv‡e| Gfv‡e mvi‡fUvm,
†cÖv‡Uóvȇ`i Zvi g‡Z `xw¶Z Kivi e`‡j AwaKZvi Drmv‡ni
mv‡_B Zv‡`i wÎZ¡ev`x ag©‡K Avwj½b Ki‡Z eva¨ Ki‡jb|
†m Rb¨ gvwU©b jy_vi 1539 L„. cÖKv‡k¨ Zuvi wb›`v K‡ib|
G mgqUv‡Z mvi‡fUvm wPwKrmK wn‡m‡e cÖ¨vKwUm Ae¨vnZ
iv‡Lb Ges AZ¨š— RbwcÖq wPwKrm‡K cwiYZ nb| GKRb
†ckv`vi wPwKrm‡Ki weKvk Lye Kg, G ev¯—eZv m‡Ë¡I mvi‡fUvm
GKwU evB‡e‡ji gy`ªY Z`viwKi Rb¨ mgq †ei K‡i wb‡Zb|
evB‡ejwU 1540 L„. cÖKvwkZ nq| mi‡fUvm G‡Z GKwU f~wgKv
†j‡Lb| Zv‡Z wZwb cÖkœ K‡ib †h evB‡e‡ji G‡Ki AwaK A_©
_vK‡Z cv‡i wK bv| K¨vjwfb Gi nu¨v m~PK Reve †`b| wKš‘
mvi‡fUvm Zvi mv‡_ GKgZ n‡Z cv‡ibwb| AvR K¨vjwfbcš’x
PvP© †m e¨vL¨vi bxwZ MÖnY K‡i‡Q hv‡K K¨vjwfb K¨v_wjK a‡g©i
wei“‡× mvi‡fUv‡mi me‡P‡q eo Aciva e‡j Awfhy³
K‡iwQ‡jb| mvi‡fUvm e‡jwQ‡jb †h wZwb L„óev‡`i A¨vbwUI‡Pb
(Antiochene) avivfy³ cÖ_gw`‡Ki bex‡`i g‡ZiB AbymiY
Ki‡Qb|
GLv‡b GKwU welq D‡j­L†hvM¨ †h wZ³ we‡ivwaZv hLb Zz‡½
ZLb mvi‡fUvm Zvi cy‡iv‡bv eÜz wcUvi cvjwg‡qi (Peter
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 153
Palmier)- Gi evwo‡Z AvkÖq wb‡qwQ‡jb I kvwš— †c‡qwQ‡jb|
cvjwg‡qi ZLb wQ‡jb wf‡qbvi †ivgvb K¨v_wjK AvP©wekc|
mvi‡fUvm †mLv‡b 13 eQi evm K‡ib| G mgq wZwb wPwKrmvi
c~Y© ¯^vaxbZv †c‡qwQ‡jb Ges AZ¨š— L¨vwZgvb GKRb wPwKrmK
n‡q I‡Vb| BD‡iv‡c hviv cÖ_g i³ mÂvj‡bi bxwZ m¤ú‡K©
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MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib| Gme mvwnwZ¨K mvdj¨ m‡Ë¡I Zuvi g‡bv‡hv‡Mi
†K›`ª wQj L„óvb a‡g©i mgm¨v| wZwb K¨vjwf‡bi Kv‡Q wPwV †jLv
Ae¨vnZ †i‡LwQ‡jb| G Avkvq †h wZwb nq‡Zv †kl ch©š— Zuv‡K
wb‡Ri g‡Z Avb‡Z cvi‡eb| wKš‘ K¨vjwfb mvi‡fUv‡mi wPwV‡Z
e¨³ wek¦vm ev aviYv `„pZvi mv‡_ cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib| mvi‡fUvmI
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Ki‡Zb †h ag©xq e¨vcv‡i Zvi wb‡`©kbv‡K P¨v‡jÄ Kivi
`ytmvn‡mi Rb¨ mvi‡fUv‡mi cÖwZ weiw³ cÖKvk h_vh_ wQj|
mvi‡fUvm K¨vjwfb‡K AweZwK©Z ag©xq KZ©…c¶ wn‡m‡e †g‡b
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Gici mvi‡fUvm Òw` †ióv‡ikb Ae wµwðqvwbwUÓ (The
Restoration of Christianity) bvgK Av‡iKwU MÖš’ iPbv
K‡ib Ges †m cvÊywjwci GKwU AwMÖg Kwc K¨vjwf‡bi Kv‡Q
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†jLv| cÂg Aa¨v‡q wQj 30 wU wPwV †h¸‡jv mvi‡fUvm I
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Afve i‡q‡Q| G MÖ‡š’i R‡b¨ mvi‡fUvm cybivq K¨v_wjK I
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154 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
aŸs‡mi e¨vcv‡i HK¨e× nq Ges Zv Ggbfv‡e Kiv nq †h AvR
Zvi `yÕwU gvÎ Kwc Qvov Avi †Kvb Kwci K_v Rvbv hvq bv| G
MÖ‡š’i cybg©y`ªY nq 1791 L„.| wKš‘ G gy`ª‡Yi mKj KwcI aŸsm
Kiv nq|
1546 L„. mvi‡fUvm‡K †jLv GK wPwV‡Z K¨vjwfb Zuv‡K
ûgwK †`b †h mvi‡fUvm hw` KL‡bv †R‡bfvq Av‡mb Zvn‡j
Zv‡K Rxeb wb‡q wdi‡Z †`Iqv n‡e bv| mvi‡fUvm Zv‡K wek¦vm
Ki‡Zb e‡jb g‡b nq bv| c‡i mvi‡fUvm †R‡bfv G‡m G wek¦vm
wb‡q K¨vjwf‡bi mv‡_ mv¶vr Ki‡Z hvb †h Zv‡`i g‡a¨ nq‡Zv
g‡Zi wgj ZLbI m¤¢e| wKš‘ K¨vjwfb †ivgvb K¨v_wjK‡`i w`‡q
Zuv‡K †MÖdZvi Kivb Ges ag©‡`ªvwnZvi `v‡q Zuv‡K KvivMv‡i
wb‡¶c K‡ib|
mvi‡fUvm wPwKrmK wn‡m‡e GZ RbwcÖq n‡q D‡VwQ‡jb †h
Zuvi wKQy cÖv³b †ivMxi mvnv‡h¨ wZwb KvivMvi †_‡K cvwj‡q †h‡Z
m¶g nb| wZwb †bcjm (Naples) hvevi wm×vš— †bb| †R‡bfvi
ga¨ w`‡q †bcjm †h‡Z nZ| wZwb QÙ‡ek wb‡jb| g‡b Ki‡jb,
G QÙ‡ek A‡b¨i †Pv‡L ay‡jv †`qvi R‡b¨ h‡_ó n‡q‡Q| wKš‘
†mUv wQj fyj| kn‡ii ga¨ w`‡q hvevi mgq wZwb aiv co‡jb
Ges Av‡iKevi Kvivi“× n‡jb| Gevi wZwb cvjv‡Z cv‡ibwb|
wePvi Zuv‡K ag©‡`ªvnx e‡j mve¨¯— Kiv nq| Zuvi wePv‡ii iv‡qi
wKQy Ask wbæiƒc :
mvi‡fUvm ¯^xKvi K‡ib †h Zvi eB‡Z wZwb wÎZ¡ev‡`
wek¦vmx‡`i wÎZ¡ev`x I bvw¯—K e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb| wZwb
wÎZ¡ev`‡K wZb gv_vIqvjv GK kqZvb m`„k ˆ`Z¨ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ
K‡i‡Qb... wZwb wkï‡`i L„óa‡g© `xw¶Z Kiv‡K kqZvb I
Rv`yKi‡`i Avwe®‹vi e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb.... Zuvi g‡Z, GUv
eû AvZ¥v‡K nZ¨v I aŸsm K‡i| m‡e©vcwi wZwb GKRb gš¿xi
Kv‡Q †jLv c‡Î Ab¨ eû cÖKvi ag© Aegvbbvi mv‡_ Avgv‡`i
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 155
Hk¦wiK ag©‡K wek¦vmnxb Ges Ck¦inxb e‡j †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb|
wZwb e‡j‡Qb, Ck¦‡ii ¯’v‡b Avgiv wZb gv_vIqvjv bi‡Ki
KzKzi‡K ¯’vcb K‡iwQ| mvi‡fUvm‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i Av`vjZ e‡j
†h cweÎ wÎZ¡ev‡`i gnvgwng Ck¦‡ii we‡ivwaZv Kivq Zzwg j¾v
ev fxwZ‡eva Ki bv Ges †n‡Z Zzwg GK¸u‡qfv‡e we‡k¦ †Zvgvi
`~M©Ühy³ ag©‡`ªvwnZvi wel Pvov‡bvi †Póv KiQ †m‡nZz Gme Ges
Ab¨vb¨ Kvi‡Y Ck¦‡ii PvP©‡K G ai‡bi msµgY †_‡K cweÎ
ivL‡Z Ges bó m`m¨ †_‡K gy³ Ki‡Z... Avgiv †Zvgv‡K
gvB‡Kj mvi‡fUvm‡K eÜb K‡i Ges wMR©vq wb‡Z Ges †mLv‡b
LuywUi mv‡_ †eu‡a Ges †Zvgvi eB‡qi mv‡_ †Zvgv‡K cywo‡q gvivi
Pig kvw¯— cÖ`vb KiwQ Ges †Zvgvi gZ Avi †KD Ki‡Z PvB‡j
Zvi Rb¨I D`vniY n‡q _vK‡e|2
1553 L„. 26 A‡±vei mvi‡fUvm‡K gvwU‡Z †cÖvw_Z GKwU
Mv‡Qi mv‡_ euvav nq| Zuvi cv ïaygvÎ gvwU ¯úk© KiwQj| MÜK
gvLv‡bv Lo I cvZvi ˆZwi GKwU gyKzU Zuvi gv_vq cwi‡q †`Iqv
nj| cvZv mn KuvPv IK I Ab¨vb¨ R¡vjvwb KvV G‡b Zuvi cv‡qi
Pvicv‡k R‡ov Kiv nj| Gici LuywUi mv‡_ Zuvi kixi †jvnvi
wkKj w`‡q k³ K‡i euvav nj| `wo w`‡q Mjv I Nvo †cuwP‡q euvav
nj, Gici Kv‡V Av¸b awi‡q †`Iqv nj| Av¸b Zuv‡K hš¿Yv
w`j, wKš‘ gvivZ¥Kfv‡e †cvov‡Z cvij bv| G `„k¨ †`‡L wKQy
`k©K Zuvi cÖwZ mnvbyf~wZkxj n‡q DVj Ges Zuvi hš¿Yvi Aemvb
NUv‡Z Av‡iv R¡vjvwb †hvM Kij| GKRb cÖZ¨¶`k©xi g‡Z
mvi‡fUvm g„Zz¨i c~‡e© `yÕNÈv a‡i hš¿Yvq †gvPo Lvw”Q‡jb| Òw`
Giim Ae wUªwbwUÓi (The Errors of Trinity) GKwU Kwc
Kv‡V Av¸b R¡vjv‡bvi Av‡M Zuvi †Kvg‡i †eu‡a †`Iqv n‡qwQj|
ejv n‡q‡Q †h †KD GKRb eBwU D×vi K‡iwQj| †mB Ava-
†cvov eBwU GLbI Av‡Q| †mjmvm (Celsus) e‡j‡Qb †h R¡jš—
Av¸‡bi g‡a¨ mvi‡fUv‡mi AwePjZv eû †jvK‡K Zuvi wek¦v‡mi
156 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
Abymvix n‡Z †cÖiYv RywM‡qwQj| K¨vjwfb Zvi Awf‡hv‡Mi ga¨
w`‡q †m K_vB ¯^xKvi K‡i e‡j‡Qb †h eû †jvK i‡q‡Q hviv Zuv‡K
fw³ I kÖ×v K‡i| mvi‡fUv‡mi GK Abymvix KvmwU‡jv
(Castillos) e‡jb: Ò†Kvb gvbyl‡K cywo‡q nZ¨v K‡i †Kvb
gZ‡K cÖgvY Kiv hvq bv|Ó3 cieZ©x eQi¸‡jv‡Z †R‡bfvi
gvby‡liv mvi‡fUv‡mi GKwU g~wZ© ˆZwi I ¯’vcb K‡i Zv‡`i kÖ×v
cÖ`k©b K‡i| wKš‘ K¨vjwf‡bi g„Zz¨i ci Zviv Zvi †Kvb g~wZ© ˆZwi
ev ¯’vcb K‡iwb| KviY wZwbB mvi‡fUvm‡K Rxeš— cywo‡q nZ¨v
Kivi R‡b¨ `vqx wQ‡jb|
Kwe KvDcvi (Cowper) G NUbv ¯§i‡Y wj‡LwQ‡jb :
Zviv wQ‡jb AcwiwPZ
wbh©vZb Zv‡`i †U‡b Avbj L¨vwZi wkL‡i
Ges ¯^M© ch©š— Zv‡`i avIqv Kij|
Zv‡`i QvB D‡o †Mj nvIqvq
†KD Rv‡b bvÑ †Kv_vq Mš—‡e¨!
Zv‡`i bv‡g †Kvb PviY Kwe
iPbv K‡i bv Agi I cweÎ msMxZ|
Avi BwZnvm KZ ¶z`ª wel‡qI gyLi
A_P G e¨vcv‡i Avðh© bxie|4
mvi‡fUv‡mi g„Zz¨ †Kvbµ‡gB †Kvb wew”Qbœ NUbv wQj bv| †m
mgq mgMÖ BD‡iv‡cB G ai‡bi NUbv NUwQj| †gvUwji
(Motley) ÒivBR Ae w` WvP wicvewjKÓ (Rise of the
Dutch Republic) MÖ‡š’i wb‡æv³ DׄwZ‡Z ZviB Bw½Z †`Iqv
n‡q‡Q .
1568 L„. 15 †deªyqvwi hvRK mfv †b`vij¨v‡Êi mKj
Awaevmx‡K ag©‡`ªvnx e‡j †`vlx mve¨¯— K‡i| G fxlY cÖjqKvÛ
†_‡K gywó‡gq we‡kl wKQy e¨w³gvÎ cÖv‡Y i¶v cvb| 10 w`b c‡ii
Zvwi‡L †¯ú‡bi ivRv wØZxq wdwj‡ci GK †NvlYvq hvRK mfvi
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 157
`Êv‡`k wbwðZ Kiv nq Ges Zvr¶wYK g„Zz¨`‡Êi gva¨‡g Zv
Kvh©Ki Kivi digvb Rvwi Kiv nq... ea¨f~wg‡Z 3wU mvwi‡Z `uvo
Kwi‡q 30 jvL bvix, cyi“l I wkï‡K nZ¨v Kiv nq| bqv digv‡b
g„Zz¨`Ê wkw_j Kiv nqwb| cÖwZw`b Ges cÖwZ N›Uvq D”Pc`¯’ I
gnr e¨w³‡`i a‡i G‡b k~‡j Pov‡bv nw”Qj| Avjfv wØZxq
wdwj‡ci Kv‡Q †jLv GKwU c‡Î cweÎ mßvn ev nwj DB‡Ki ci
ciciB hv‡`i g„Zz¨`Ê Kvh©Ki Kiv nq Zv‡`i msL¨v 800 e‡j
Abygvb K‡ib| 5
†h MÖš’ mvi‡fUv‡mi wei“‡× mwnsmZvi KviY n‡q D‡VwQj,
†mB Òw` Giim Ae wUªwbwUÓi wKQy Ask wbæiƒc:
`vk©wbKMY Z…Zxq GKwU c„_K mËvi Avwe®‹vi K‡i‡Qb| GwU
cÖK…ZB Ab¨ `yÕwU †_‡K Avjv`v| G‡K Zviv e‡jb Z…Zxq Ck¦i ev
cweÎ AvZ¥v, Gfv‡e Zviv GK KwíZ wÎZ¡ev‡`i †KŠkj D™¢veb
K‡i‡Qb, G‡Ki g‡a¨ wZ‡bi Aw¯—Z¡| wKš‘ ev¯—‡e wZb Ck¦i A_ev
GK wÎmË¡gq Ck¦i‡K wg_¨v eY©bvi gva¨‡g Ges GKZ¡ev‡`i bv‡g
Avgv‡`i Dci Pvwc‡q †`Iqv n‡q‡Q|... Zv‡`i R‡b¨ Gme
K_v‡K ¸i“‡Z¡i mv‡_ MÖnY Kiv, 3wU Aw¯—Z¡ eZ©gvb e‡j †g‡b
†bqv LyeB mnR| wKš‘ Ab¨ hviv GUv wek¦vm K‡i bv, Zv‡`i mv‡_
G‡¶‡Î †mB wek¦vm bv Kiv e¨w³‡`i cv_©K¨ I `~iZ¡ i‡q‡Q Ges
Zviv G¸‡jv GKB cv‡Î gyL AvU‡K †i‡L‡Q| †h‡nZz Avwg
Ôe¨w³MYÕ kãwUi Ace¨envi Ki‡Z Awb”QyK †m Kvi‡Y Avwg
Zv‡`i cÖ_g mËv, wØZxq mËv I Z…Zxq mËv bv‡g AvL¨vwqZ Kie,
KviY evB‡e‡j Avwg Zv‡`i Rb¨ Ab¨ bvg Luy‡R cvBwb... Zviv
Zv‡`i ixwZ Abyhvqx G‡`i e¨w³ wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ K‡i _v‡K,
Zviv gy³K‡É G me Aw¯—‡Z¡i eûZ¡‡K, mËvi eûZ¡‡K, g~‡ji
eûZ¡‡K, g‡g©i eûZ¡‡K ¯^xKvi K‡i| Ck¦i kãwU‡K K‡Vvifv‡e
MÖnY Kivi A_© Zv‡`i Ck¦‡ii msL¨v GKvwaK|
mvi‡fUvm Av‡iv wj‡L‡Qb :
158 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
hw` ZvB nq Zvn‡j 3 Rb Ck¦i i‡q‡Q GK_v hviv e‡j †mB
wUªI‡UvivBUm‡`i (Triotorites) †Kb `vqx Kiv n‡e? Zv‡`i GZ
Ck¦‡ii gg©v_©I †Zv GKB Ges hw`I wKQy e¨w³ 3 Rb Ck¦i‡K
GK Kiv n‡q‡Q K_vwU †evSv‡Z PvB‡eb bv, hw`I Zviv G kãwU
e¨envi K‡ib †h Zviv GK‡Î MwVZ, Ges GK_v †hÑ G 3wU mËv
n‡ZB Ck¦i MwVZ| Gici GUv my¯úó †h Zviv wUªI‡UvivBUm Ges
Avgv‡`i wZbRb Ck¦i MwVZ| Gici GUv my¯úó †h Zviv
wUI‡UvivBUm Ges Avgv‡`i wZbRb Ck¦i i‡q‡Qb| Avgiv bvw¯—K
n‡q c‡owQ A_©vr Avgv‡`i †Kvb Ck¦i †bB| †hB gvÎ Avgiv Ck¦i
m¤ú‡K© fvevi †Póv Kwi, Avgv‡`i cv‡k G‡m `uvovq wZbwU AjxK
g~wZ© hv‡Z Avgv‡`i aviYvq †Kvb ai‡bi GKZ¡ev` Aewkó bv
_v‡K| Ck¦i Qvov Avi wKQy †bB| wKš‘ Ck¦i m¤ú‡K© wPš—vq A¶g
n‡j, hLb Avgv‡`i Dcjwä‡Z wÎ-mËvi mve©¶wYK mskq wei³
Ki‡Z _vK‡e, Avgiv wPiKv‡ji R‡b¨ GKwU †Nv‡ii g‡a¨ wbw¶ß
ne Ges g‡b Kie †h Avgiv Ck¦‡ii wPš—vB KiwQ| Zviv hLb ¯^M©
jv‡fi R‡b¨ G ai‡bi ¯^cœ †`‡L, g‡b nq Zviv Av‡iK RM‡Z evm
Ki‡Q| ¯^‡M©i ivR¨ Gme wb‡e©va K_vevZ©vi e¨vcv‡i wKQyB ÁvZ
bb Ges ag©MÖš’ †h cweÎ AvZ¥vi K_v e‡j Zvi A_© m¤ú~Y© wfbœ, hv
Zv‡`i ARvbv|
wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb:
wÎZ¡ev‡`i GB welqwU gymjgvb‡`i Kv‡Q †h KZUv nvm¨Ki
Zv ïay Ck¦iB Rv‡bb| Bqvû`xivI Avgv‡`i GB KwíZ aviYvi
cÖwZ AvbyMZ¨ cÖKvk K‡iwb, Zviv GB †evKvwgi R‡b¨ Avgv‡`i
Dcnvm K‡i| Zviv wek¦vm K‡i bv †h Zviv †h whïwLª‡ói K_v
ï‡b‡Q BwbB wZwb| ïay gymjgvb ev Bqvû`xivB bq, GgbwK gv‡Vi
cïivI Avgv‡`i wb‡q Dcnvm KiZ, hw` Zviv Avgv‡`i GB D™¢U
aviYv eyS‡Z cviZ, †Kbbv Ck¦‡ii mKj m„wóB GK Ck¦‡ii AbyMÖn
cÖv_©bv K‡i|... ZvB GB R¡jš— gnvgvwi †hb †hvM Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 159
AwZ †KŠk‡j m¤úÖwZ Avmv bqv Ck¦‡ii welq Av‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q
†h ag© Avgv‡`i c~e©- cyi“liv cvjb K‡ibwb| Avgv‡`i Dci
`k©‡bi G gnvgvwi G‡b‡Q MÖxKiv, Avi Avgiv Zv‡`i K_vq wek¦vm
¯’vcb K‡i `vk©wbK n‡q c‡owQ| Zviv ag©MÖ‡š’i evbxi gg©v_©
KL‡bvB eyS‡Z cv‡iwb hv Zviv G cÖm‡½ Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Q|
mvi‡fUvm hxïi cÖK…Z ˆewkó¨ e‡j hv wek¦vm Ki‡Zb Zvi Dci
†Rvi w`‡q‡Qb :
hxï L„ó‡K Avwg bex e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kivq wKQy †jvK Zv wb‡q
Kzrmv iUbv Ki‡Q, KviY Zuvi †h me ¸Yvewj †m¸‡jv Zviv e‡j
bv, Zv‡`i wek¦vm †h hviv G KvR K‡i Zv‡`i mevB Bqvû`x I
gymjgvb| ag©xq MÖš’ I cÖvPxb †jLKMY Zv‡K bex ej‡jI Zv‡`i
wKQy Av‡m hvq bv|6
gvB‡Kj mvi‡fUvm wQ‡jb Zuvi mgqKvi cÖwZwôZ Pv‡P©i
me‡P‡q ¯úófvlx mgv‡jvPK| GUvB cÖ‡UbUv›U‡`i mvnvh¨ wb‡q
K¨v_wjKMY KZ©…K Zv‡K Av¸‡b Rxeš— cywo‡q gvivi KviY n‡q
`uvovq| beRvMiY (Renaissance) I ms¯‹v‡ii
(Reformation) hv wKQy fvj,Zvi g‡a¨ ZviB mgš^q N‡UwQj
Ges †h Av`k© GKRb gvbyl‡K Mfxi ˆewkK Ávbmn Ôwek¦Rbxb
gvbylÕ K‡i †Zv‡j, wZwb Rxe‡bi †m ch©v‡qi KvQvKvwQ
†cuŠ‡QwQ‡jb| wPwKrmvkv¯¿, f~‡Mvj I evB‡e‡j Avi cvwÊZ¨ wQj
Ges ag©kv‡¯¿ wZwb wQ‡jb `¶| eûgyLx wk¶v Zv‡K w`‡qwQj `„wói
cÖmviZv| wKš‘ Zvi †P‡q Aíwkw¶Z e¨w³iv Zuv‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb
K‡iwQj| K¨vjwf‡bi mv‡_ we‡iva wQj m¤¢eZ Zuvi Rxe‡bi
me‡P‡q ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Ask| wbwðZfv‡eB GUv wQj e¨w³‡Z¡i Ø›Ø,
wKš‘ Kvh©Z Zuvi †P‡qI †ewk wKQy GUv wQj K‡Vvi e`‡j †`qvi
Rb¨ m~wPZ ms¯‹v‡ii cÖZ¨vL¨vb, AatcwZZ Pv‡P©i welq bq| Gi
g~j¨ Zuv‡K w`‡Z n‡q‡Q wb‡Ri Rxeb w`‡q| mvi‡fUvm hw`I
ci‡jvKMZ, wKš‘ GKZ¡ev`x a‡g© Zuvi wek¦v‡mi g„Zz¨ nqwb|
160 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
GLbI wZwb AvaywbK GKZ¡ev‡`i cÖwZôvZv (The Fonder of
modern unitarianism) wn‡m‡eB gh©v`v gwÊZ|
mvi‡fUv‡mi wek¦v‡m hviv wek¦vmx wQ‡jb Zv‡`i mevB Zvi
cwiYwZ †g‡b wb‡Z cv‡ibwb| Zuvi mgmvgwqK A¨vWvg wbDmvi
(Adam Neuser)- Gi wPwV‡Z Zvi cÖgvY cvIqv hvq| G wPwVwU
†jLv n‡qwQj Kbóvw›U‡bvc‡ji gymwjg kvmK mgªvU wØZxq
†mwj‡gi Kv‡Q| G wPwVwU ivRKxq cÖvPxb wb`k©‡bi Ask wn‡m‡e
GLb nvB‡Wjev‡M©i (Heidelburg) AvK©vB‡f msiw¶Z i‡q‡Q:
ÒAvwg, A¨vWvg wbDmvi, Rvg©vwb‡Z Rb¥MÖnYKvix GKRb L„óvb
Ges nvB‡Wjev‡M©i †jvK‡`i Kv‡Q ag© cÖPviKvixi gh©v`v jvf
Kvix, †h kn‡i G mgqKvi me‡P‡q †ewk wkw¶Z †jvK †`Lv hvq,
Avwg Avcbvi wcÖq Avj­vn I Avcbvi bexi (Zuvi Dci kvwš— ewl©Z
†nvK) Dwmjv w`‡q GKvš— web‡qi mv‡_ gnvgvb¨ myjZv‡bi Kv‡Q
AvkÖq cÖv_©bv KiwQ, Avgv‡K Avcbvi GKRb AbyMZ‡`i g‡a¨
Ges Avcbvi †mB RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ Aš—f©y³ K‡i †bqvi Av‡e`b
Rvbvw”Q hviv Avj­vn‡Z wek¦vm K‡i| me©kw³gvb Avj­vni B”Qvq,
Avwg †`wL, Avwg Rvwb I Avwg me©vš—tKi‡Y wek¦vm Kwi †h
Avcbvi ag© cweÎ, my¯úó I Avj­vni Kv‡Q MÖnY‡hvM¨| Avgvi `„p
wek¦vm †h Avgvi cÖwZgv c~RK L„óvb mgvR Z¨v‡Mi NUbv eû
we‡ePbvkxj e¨w³‡KB Avcbvi wek¦vm I ag© MÖnY Ki‡Z AbycÖvwYZ
Ki‡e, we‡kl K‡i Zv‡`i g‡a¨ me©v‡c¶v wkw¶Z I me©v‡c¶v
we‡ePbvkxj eû e¨w³ †h‡nZz AvgviB gZ g‡bvfve †cvlY K‡ib
hv Avwg gnvgvb¨ myjZvb‡K †gŠwLKfv‡e AewnZ Kie| Avgvi
m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z †M‡j Avwg †mB e¨w³ hvi m¤ú‡K© Avj KziAv‡bi
·qv`k Aa¨v‡q ejv n‡q‡Q: L„óvbiv Avgv‡`i cÖwZ Bqvû`x‡`i
†P‡q †ewk mw`”Qv cÖ`k©b K‡i; Ges hLb Zv‡`i cÖv`ªx I
wekcM‡Yi gZ Zviv nVKvix I GK¸u‡q bq, Zviv Avj­vni bexi
wb‡`©k¸‡jv eyS‡Z cv‡i Ges mZ¨‡K ¯^xKvi K‡i, Zviv AkÖ“ mRj
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 161
†Pv‡L e‡j, †n cÖfy! Avgiv Aš—i †_‡K Avkv Kwi †h †h‡nZz fvj
†jvKiv hv wek¦vm KiZ Ges AvgivI ZvB Kwi, Ges Zv Avgv‡`i
ag©wek¦vmx‡`i `‡j ¯’vwcZ Ki‡e: Zvn‡j Avgiv †Kb Avj­vn I
Zvi mZ¨ cÖPviKvix bex‡K wek¦vm Kie bv? (Zz. 13t 36 Ges 5 :
82-83)|
†n mgªvU! Avwg Zv‡`iB GKRb hviv Avb‡›`i mv‡_ Avj KziAvb
cvV K‡i| Avwg Zv‡`iB GKRb †h Avcbvi RbM‡Yi GKRb
n‡Z PvB Ges Avwg Avj­vni bv‡g mv¶¨ w`w”Q †h, Avcbvi bexi
gZev` m‡›`nvZxZfv‡e mZ¨| Avwg gnvgvb¨ myjZv‡bi Kv‡Q
Avgvi K_v †kvbvi Rb¨ Ges cig Ki“Yvgq Avj­vn G mZ¨ Avgvi
Kv‡Q Kxfv‡e cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb Zv Rvbvi Rb¨ Ki‡Rv‡o Av‡e`b
Rvbvw”Q|
Z‡e gnvgvb¨ mgªvU, Avwg cÖ_‡gB e‡j wbw”Q †h Aciva, nZ¨v,
`my¨Zv A_ev †hŠb Aciv‡ai Kvi‡Y †h me L„óvb Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i
g‡a¨ emevm Ki‡Z bv †c‡i Avcbvi AvkÖq wb‡q‡Q, Avwg †m
Kvi‡Y Avcbvi AvkÖq PvBwQ bv| Avwg GK eQi c~‡e©B Avcbvi
AvkÖq MÖn‡Yi wm×vš— †bB Ges Kbóvw›U‡bvc‡ji c‡_ Avwg
†cÖmevM© (Presburg) ch©š— AMÖmi n‡qwQjvg| wKš‘ nv‡½ixq
fvlv bv eySvi Kvi‡Y Avwg Avi AMÖmi n‡Z cvwiwb Ges B”Qvi
wei“‡× Avwg †`‡k wd‡i Avwm| hw` Avwg †Kvb Aciv‡ai Kvi‡Y
cvwj‡q †hZvg Zvn‡j Avwg †`‡k wdiZvg bv| ZvQvov †Kvb e¨w³
Avcbvi ag© MÖnY Ki‡Z Avgv‡K eva¨ K‡iwb| Avi †KB ev Zv
Ki‡e? KviY Avcbvi †jvK‡`i Kv‡Q AcwiwPZ Ges Zv‡`i KvQ
†_‡K eû `~‡i i‡qwQ|
myZivs Avgvi webxZ cÖv_©bv †h gnvgvb¨ myjZvb †hb AbyMÖn K‡i
Avgv‡K Zv‡`i GKRb e‡j bv fv‡eb hviv hy‡× civwRZ n‡q e›`x
n‡q‡Q Ges Avcbvi ag© MÖnY K‡i‡Q Awb”Qvq hviv my‡hvM †c‡jB
cvwj‡q hv‡e Ges mZ¨ a‡g©i wb›`v Ki‡e| Avwg gnvgvb¨
162 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
myjZv‡bi Kv‡Q Avgvi webxZ Av‡e`b Rvbvw”Q †h, Avwg hv ej‡Z
hvw”Q Zv‡Z †hb wZwb AbyMÖn K‡i g‡bv‡hvM †`b Ges Avcbvi
mvgªv‡R¨ Avgvi cÖZ¨veZ©‡bi mZ¨ NUbv m¤ú‡K© AewnZ nb|
weL¨vZ nvB‡WjevM© wek¦we`¨vj‡q ag© cÖPvi‡Ki c‡` DbœxZ nIqvi
ci Avwg wb‡R wb‡RB Avgv‡`i L„óa‡g©i eû cÖKvi gZwe‡iva I
wefw³ m¤ú‡K© wePvi we‡klY ïi“ Kwi| KviY Avgv‡`i g‡a¨ hZ
gvbyl wQj ZZ wQj gZ I g‡bvfve| Avwg bex hxï L„‡ói mgq
†_‡K hZ cwÊZ I e¨vL¨vKvi ag©MÖš’ m¤ú‡K© hv wj‡L‡Qb I wk¶v
w`‡q‡Qb, Zvi msw¶ßmvi ˆZwii Kv‡R nvZ †`B| Avwg ïay `yÕwU
¯’v‡bB wb‡R‡K m¤ú„³ K‡iwQjvg| GK, gymvi Av. wb‡`©k Ges
Mm‡cj| Gici Avwg AZ¨š— ag©xq AvPvi- Abyôv‡bi gva¨‡g
Ck¦i‡K GKvš—fv‡e WvK‡Z _vwK, cÖv_©bv Ki‡Z _vwK hv‡Z wZwb
Avgv‡K mwVK c_ †`Lvb hv‡Z Avwg weåvš— bv nB| Gici Ck¦i
mš‘ó n‡q Avgvi Kv‡Q cÖKvk Ki‡jb ÔGKRb gvÎ Ck¦‡ii `wjjÕ,
†mB `wj‡ji Dci wfwË K‡i Avwg GKwU MÖš’ iPbv Kwi hv‡Z
Avwg cÖgvY Kwi †h L„óvbiv †h wg_¨v K_v e‡j _v‡K hxïi gZv`‡k©
†m K_v †Kv_vI ejv †bB †h wZwb GKRb Ck¦i; eis Ck¦i
GKRbB hvi †Kvb cyÎ †bB| Avwg G MÖš’wU Avcbv‡K DrmM©
KiwQ Ges Avwg m¤ú~Y© wbwðZ †h L„óvb‡`i g‡a¨ me©v‡c¶v †hvM¨
e¨w³I GUv LÊb Ki‡Z m¶g bq| myZivs Avgvi c‡¶ wK Ck¦‡ii
mv‡_ Av‡iKRb Ck¦i‡K m¤ú„³ Kiv m¤¢e? gymv Av. GUv wb‡la
K‡i‡Qb Ges hxïI KL‡bv G wk¶v †`bwb| Avj­vni AbyMÖ‡n w`b
w`b Avwg wb‡R‡K kw³kvjx K‡i Zz‡jwQ Ges ey‡SwQ †h L„óvbiv
whïwLª‡÷i mKj myweavi Ace¨envi K‡i‡Q †hgbwU K‡iwQj
Bqvû`xiv wcZ‡ji mc©‡K.... Avgvi wm×vš— †h L„óvb‡`i g‡a¨
cweÎ wKQy Luy‡R cvIqv hv‡e bv Ges Zviv GLb mK‡jB
wg_¨vPvix| Zviv gymv Av. Gi wKZve I Mm‡c‡ji me wKQyB wg_¨v
e¨vL¨v K‡i weK…wZi wkKvi n‡q‡Q hv Avwg Avgvi wb‡Ri nv‡Z
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 163
†jLv GKwU eB‡Z †`wL‡qwQ Ges †mUv Avwg Avcbv‡K Dcnvi
cÖ`vb Kie| Avwg hLb ewj †h L„óvbiv wg_¨vPvi K‡i‡Q I gymv
Av. Gi wb‡`©k I Mm‡cj weK…Z K‡i‡Q Avwg Zv g‡b cÖv‡YB
ewj| gymv Av., Cmv Av. Gi e¨vcv‡i myweavRbK mv¶¨ w`‡q‡Q|
wKš‘ KziAvb cÖavbZ Zv‡`i wg_¨v e¨vL¨vi gva¨‡g gymv Av. Gi
wKZve I Cmv Av. Gi Mm‡cj weK…Z Kivi welqwU †Rvi w`‡q
e‡j‡Q| Kvh©Z Avj­vni evYx hw` mwVKfv‡e e¨vL¨v Kiv nZ
Zvn‡j Bqvû`x, L„óvb I ZzwK©‡`i g‡a¨ †Kvb cv_©K¨ _vKZ bv|
ZvB KziAvb hv e‡j‡Q Zv mZ¨| †gvnv¤§` mvj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv
mvj­vg Gi ag© mKj wg_¨v e¨vL¨v‡K aŸsm K‡i‡Q Ges Avgv‡`i
Avj­vn Gi mwVK A_© wk¶v w`‡q‡Q....
Gici Avj­vni AbyMÖ‡n Avwg eyS‡Z cvwi †h Avj­vn GK, Cmv Av.
Gi cÖK…Z ag©g‡Zi wk¶v Avgiv jvf Kwiwb| ZvB L„óvb‡`i mKj
Abyôv‡bi mv‡_B g~‡ji AZ¨š— †ewk cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q| Avwg fve‡Z
ïi“ Kwi †h G we‡k¦ Avgvi g‡Z †jvK ïay Avwg GKv| Avwg Avj
KziAvb †`wLwb| Avgv‡`i L„óvbiv †gvnv¤§` mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn
Iqv mvj­vg Gi ag© mswk­ó †Kvb wKQy hv‡Z †Kv_vI we¯—vi jvf
Ki‡Z bv cv‡i †m R‡b¨ mZK© `„wó iv‡L Ges `vwi`ª¨iv hv‡Z Gme
mZ¨ †R‡b Zv‡Z wek¦vm ¯’vcb bv K‡i †m R‡b¨ Zviv mZ¨‡K
†Mvcb K‡i Avj- KziAv‡bi gZev` m¤ú‡K© Ggb Kzrmv iUbv K‡i
†h Zviv Avj KziAv‡bi bvg ï‡bB AvZ¼MÖ¯— n‡q cvwj‡q hvq| Zv
m‡Ë¡I A‡jŠwKKfv‡e †mB gnv MÖš’wU Avgvi nv‡Z G‡m c‡o‡Q
Ges G R‡b¨ Avwg Avj­vni cÖwZ K…ZÁZv RvbvB| Avj­vn Rv‡bb,
Avwg Zuvi Kv‡Q gnvgvb¨ myjZvb I Zuvi mvwe©K Kj¨v‡Yi Rb¨
cÖv_©bv Kwi| Avwg †h Ávb jvf K‡iwQ Zv mK‡ji Kv‡Q e¨³
Kivi mKj cš’v Aej¤^b Ki‡Z gb¯’ K‡iwQ Ges hw` Zviv Zv
MÖnY bv K‡i Zvn‡j Avwg Avgvi c` Z¨vM Kie Ges Avcbvi
kiY †be| Avwg L„ó a‡g©i wKQy wel‡q PvP© I Ab¨vb¨ ag©xq
164 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
cÖwZôv‡b †h we‡iva Pj‡Q Zvi mgv‡jvPbv ïi“ K‡iwQ Ges Zv‡Z
cÖZ¨vwkZ dj cvw”Q| Avwg welqUv‡K Ggb GK ch©v‡q wb‡q
G‡mwQ †h mvgªv‡R¨i mKj †jvKB GLb Zv †R‡b †M‡Q Ges Avwg
wKQy Ávbx e¨w³‡K Avgvi cv‡k †c‡qwQ| Avgvi wb‡qvM KZ©v whwb
GKRb ivRcyÎ Ges ¶gZvi w`K w`‡q Rvg©vwb‡Z mgªv‡Ui c‡iB
Zvi ¯’vb) mgªvU g¨vw·wgwjqv‡bi nvgjvi f‡q Avgv‡K c`Pz¨Z
K‡i‡Qb...|7
G wPwVwU mgªvU g¨vw·wgwjqv‡bi (Maximillian) nv‡Z
c‡o| wbDmvi Zvi `yÕeÜz wmjfvb (Sylvan) I g¨vw_qvm wfwn
(Mathias Vehe)- mn †MÖdZvi nb| Zuv‡`i KvivMv‡i wb‡¶c
Kiv nq| 1570 mv‡ji 15 RyjvB wbDmvi KvivMvi †_‡K cvwj‡q
hvb I Avevi †MÖdZvi nb| wZwb wØZxq evi cjvqb K‡ib I
AveviI †MÖdZvi nb| `yÕeQi a‡i Zv‡`i wePvi P‡j| wmjfv‡bi
gv_v †K‡U †djvi wm×vš— †bqv nq|
G ch©v‡q wbDmvi Avevi cjvqb K‡ib| Gevi wZwb
Kbóvwȇbvc‡j †cuŠQ‡Z m¶g nb I Bmjvg MÖnY K‡ib|
d«vwÝm †WwfW (Francis David) 1510-1579 L„.
d«vwÝ †WwfW 1510 L„. Uªvbwmjfvwbqvi Kv‡jvRvi
(Kolozsar) G Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| †gavex QvÎ d«vwÝm D‡Ubev‡M©
Aa¨q‡bi e„wË jvf K‡ib| †mLv‡b Zv‡K 4 eQi a‡i K¨v_wjK
cvw`ªi cÖwk¶Y †`qv nq| Kv‡jvRvi- G wd‡i Avmvi ci wZwb
K¨v_wjK ¯‹z‡ji †iKW©vi wbhy³ nb| Gici wZwb †cÖv‡UóvÈev`
MÖnY K†i K¨v_wjK ¯‹zj Z¨vM K‡ib| 1555 L„. GKwU jy_vicš’x
¯‹z‡ji †iKW©vi nb| jy_vi I K¨vjwf‡bi g‡a¨ ms¯‹vi Av‡›`vjb
wb‡q fvOb †`Lv w`‡j †WwfW K¨vjwf‡bi `‡j †hvM †`b| ms¯‹vi
ZLbI e¨vcK iƒc jvf K‡iwb| G cwi‡e‡k AbymÜvbx wPš—v‡K
ZLbI wbwl× Kiv nqwb| L„óvba‡g©i mKj ch©v‡q Av‡jvPbv
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 165
Aby‡gvw`Z wQj| ms¯‹vicš’x PvP© ZLb ch©š— †Kvb wbw`©ó gZev`
MÖnY K‡iwb Ges †m Kvi‡Y gy³ wPš—vi AeKvk wQj| G cwi‡e‡k
cÖwZwU gvbyl ïay Ck¦‡ii Kv‡Q Revew`wn Ki‡e, G gZ cÖKv‡ki
Aeva ¯^vaxbZv wQj|
†h `yÕwU gZ wek¦vm mvaviY gvby‡li g‡a¨ me©v‡c¶v †ewk
weåvwš— m„wó K‡iwQj Ges hv wQj †hŠw³K e¨vL¨vi evB‡i †m `yÕwU
nj hxïi Ck¦iZ¡ I wÎZ¡ev`| hyw³ ewnf©~Z G gZ wek¦v‡mi
e¨vcv‡i †Wwf‡Wi gb we¶zä n‡q D‡VwQj| wZwb †f‡e cvw”Q‡jb
bv †h G e¨vcvi¸‡jv eySvi †Póv bv K‡iB hviv G in‡m¨ wek¦vmx
ZvivB fvj L„óvb wn‡m‡e MY¨ nq wK K‡i| wZwb †Kvb wek¦vm‡KB
AÜfv‡e MÖnY Ki‡Z ivwR wQ‡jb bv| wZwb ax‡i ax‡i G wm×vš—
†cuŠ‡Qb †h hxï Ck¦i bb| wZwb GK Ck¦‡ii Aw¯—‡Z¡ wek¦vmx n‡q
D‡Vb|
†cvjv‡Ê G wek¦v‡mi cÖwZ †Rvi mg_©b wQj| G `‡ji †bZv
wQ‡jb `yÕRb: ivR `iev‡ii wPwKrmK eʪvUv (Blandrata) Ges
†mvwKqvbvm (Socianus) bvgK GK e¨w³| †WwfW hLb ag©
wek¦vm m¤ú‡K© Zuvi GKwU aviYv m~Îe× Kivi KvR Pvwj‡q
hvw”Q‡jb, G mgq Uªvbwmjfvwbqvi ivRv Rb Amy¯’ n‡q c‡ob Ges
wPwKrmvi R‡b¨ eʪvUv‡K Zje K‡ib| †WwfW †mLv‡b
Ae¯’vbKv‡j eʪvUvi mv‡_ mv¶vr K‡ib| G †_‡K L„óvb a‡g©i g~j
wfwËiƒ‡c GK Ck¦‡i Zuvi wek¦v‡mi h_v_©Zv cÖgvwYZ nq| 1566
L„. †WwfW GK ag©xq ¯^xKv‡ivw³ iPbv K‡ib| G‡Z evB‡e‡j
cÖK…Z wK ejv n‡q‡Q ZviB Av‡jv‡K wÎZ¡ev‡`i Ae¯’vb e¨³ Kiv
nq| G‡Z wcZv, cyÎ I cweÎ AvZ¥vi cvwÊwZK aviYv wZwb
cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib| eʪvUvI Zvi c¶ †_‡K cÖKvwkZ GK cyw¯—Kvq
Gme gZ wek¦vm BwZevPK †bwZevPK Dfqfv‡e cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i
7wU cÖ¯—ve †ck K‡ib| GKB eQ‡i eÛªvUvi mycvwi‡k ivRv Rb
†WwfW‡K ivR`iev‡i ag© cÖPviK wb‡qvM K‡ib| Gfv‡e †WwfW
166 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
ZrKv‡j ag©xq mgm¨vw` e¨vL¨v Kivi R‡b¨ ivRv KZ©…K AvûZ
RvZxq weZ‡K© GKZ¡ev`x `‡ji gyLcv‡Î cwiYZ nb| wZwb wQ‡jb
GKRb AZzjbxq evM¥x| Zvi m¤ú‡K© mgKvjxb GK e¨w³ e‡jb,
g‡b nZ Iì I wbD †Uóv‡g›U †Wwf‡Wi †VuvU¯’|
ivRv R‡bi Avg‡j 1566 I 1568 L„. wRDqvjwd‡nifvU
(Gyualafeharvat) Ges 1569 L„. bvwMfviv` (Nagyvarad)
G me‡P‡q eo weZK© mfv¸‡jv AbywôZ nq| cÖ_g weZK© wQj
AgxgvswmZ| Z‡e ivRv eʪvUv I †Wwf‡Wi hyw³- cÖgvY cÖ`k©‡b
gy» n‡qwQ‡jb| †m Kvi‡Y 1567 L„óv‡ã cigZ mwnòyZv msµvš—
GK ivRKxq digvb Rvwi Kiv nq| G‡Z †NvlYv Kiv nq :
cÖwZwU ¯’v‡b ag© cÖPviKiv ag©cÖPvi Ki‡Z Ges Zv‡`i
Dcjwä Abyhvqx Mm‡c‡ji e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges
mg‡eZ e¨w³iv hw` Zv fvj g‡b K‡i Zvn‡j †KD Zv‡`i
evav w`‡Z cvi‡e bv| Ges hv‡`i gZev` Zv‡`i fvj
g‡b nq Zviv †mB ag© cÖPviK‡K ivL‡e| †KD ag©
cÖPviK‡K N„Yv Ki‡Z ev Zvi mv‡_ `ye©¨envi Ki‡Z cvi‡e
bv... we‡kl K‡i Zvi ag©gZ cÖPv‡ii R‡b¨, KviY ag©
wek¦vm Ck¦‡ii Dcnvi|9
1568 mv‡j ag© m¤úwK©Z wØZxq weZK© mfvwU WvKv n‡qwQj
G gZ wek¦vm cÖgv‡Yi R‡b¨ †h evB‡e‡j wÎZ¡ev` I hxïi
Ck¦i‡Z¡i K_v ejv n‡q‡Q wKbv| AZ¨š— kw³kvjx I civ½yg e³v
†Wwf‡Wi hyw³ZK© Amvi cÖgvY Ki‡Z we‡ivaxiv e¨_© nq| weZK©
mfvq Avmbœ civRq Dcjwä K‡i we‡ivaxiv MvjvMvwj ïi“ K‡i|
G NUbv ivRv Rb‡K †Wwf‡Wi hyw³ cÖgvY‡KB LuvwU e‡j MY¨
Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| `k w`b a‡i weZK© mfv P‡j Ges Zv
GKZ¡ev`‡K RbwcÖq ag© wek¦vm wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ K‡i| †WwfW n‡q
D‡Vb Gi AMÖ`~Z|
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 167
G mgq gvB‡Kj mvi‡fUv‡mi †jLv-†jwLi cÖvq meB aŸsm
n‡q wM‡qwQj| wKQy Ask †Mvc‡b Uªvbwmjfvwbqv‡Z wb‡q G‡m Zv
¯’vbxq fvlvq Abyev` Kiv nq| †m¸‡jv e¨vcKfv‡e cwVZ n‡Z
_v‡K Ges Zv c~e© BD‡iv‡c GKZ¡ev`x Av‡›`vjb‡K kw³kvjx
Kivq Ae`vb iv‡L|
1569 L„. nv‡½ix‡Z Z…Zxq weZK© mfv AbywôZ nq| R‰bK
HwZnvwm‡Ki fvlvq GUv wQj P~ovš— wm×vš—g~jK weZK© mfv hv
GKZ¡ev‡`i P~ovš— weRq m~wPZ K‡i|10 ivRv ¯^qs G mfvq
mfvcwZZ¡ K‡ib Ges G‡Z iv‡R¨i mKj D”P c`¯’ †emvgwiK I
mvgwiK Kg©KZ©vMY Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb| †Wwf‡Wi hyw³ wQj GiKg:
†iv‡g †cv‡ci wÎZ¡ev‡` Avm‡j 4 A_ev 5 Rb Ck¦‡ii wek¦vm Kiv
nq| GKRb g~j Ck¦i, 3 Rb c„_K e¨w³ hv‡`i cÖ‡Z¨K‡K Ck¦i
ejv n‡q _v‡K Ges Av‡iv GKRb e¨w³ hxï hv‡KI wKbv Ck¦i
ejv n‡q _v‡K| d«vwÝm †Wwf‡Wi g‡Z, Ck¦i ïay GKRb wZwb
n‡”Qb wcZv, hvi †_‡K Ges hvi Øviv mewKQy m„wó n‡q‡Q Ges
whwb mewKQyi E‡aŸ©, whwb mewKQy m„wó K‡i‡Qb Zuvi cÖÁvi kã I
gyL wbtm„Z wbk¦v‡mi gva¨‡g| GB Ck¦‡ii evB‡i Avi †Kvb Ck¦i
†bB, wZbI bq, PviI bq, bv fvev‡_© bv e¨w³iƒ‡c, KviY †Kvb
ag©MÖ‡š’ Îqx Ck¦i m¤ú‡K© wKQyB ejv nqwb|
Pv‡P©i Kw_Z Ck¦i cyÎ whwb wKbv Ck¦‡ii mËv †_‡K m„wói
ïi“‡ZB Rb¥MÖnY K‡i‡Qb, Zvi K_v evB‡e‡ji †Kv_vI D‡jL
†bB, wKsev †bB wÎZ¡ev‡`i wØZxq Ck¦‡ii K_v whwb D™¢‚Z Ck¦i
†_‡K Ges i³gvs‡mi gvbyl| GUv GKvš—B gvby‡liB Avwe®‹vi I
Kzms¯‹vi| Avi †m Kvi‡Y Zv cÖZ¨vL¨vb‡hvM¨|
hxï wb‡R‡K m„wó K‡ibwb, wcZv Zv‡K Rb¥ w`‡q‡Qb| wcZv
Zv‡K Hk¦wiK cš’vi gva¨‡g Rb¥`vb K‡iwQ‡jb|
wcZv Zv‡K cweÎ K‡i c„w_ex‡Z †cÖiY K‡ib|
168 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
hxïi mv‡_ Ck¦‡ii m¤úK© ïay ZvB hv Ck¦i Zv‡K cÖ`vb
K‡i‡Qb| Ck¦i Hkx mËvi me wKQyi E‡aŸ© weivRgvb|
Ck¦‡ii Kv‡Q mg‡qi cv_©K¨ e‡j wKQy †bBÑ Zuvi Kv‡Q mg¯—
wKQyB eZ©gvbKvj| wKš‘ ag©MÖ‡š’ †Kv_vI G wk¶v †`Iqv nqwb †h
hxï m„wói ïi“‡ZB Rb¥MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb|
G weZK© cuvP w`b a‡i P‡jwQj| Avi GwUI nq mgvwß g~jK|
ivRv Rb Zvi P~ovš— fvl‡Y †NvlYv K‡i †h GKZ¡ev`x‡`i gZ
cÖKv‡ki c~Y© ¯^vaxbZv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e| we‡ivax c¶ A_©vr
jy_vicš’x `‡ji †bZv †gwjqvm‡K (Melius) ûuwkqvi K‡i †`qv
nj †h wZwb †hb †cv‡ci wb‡`©‡k KvR bv K‡ib, eB- cÎ cywo‡q
bv †`b Ges RbMY‡K ejcÖ‡qv‡M ag©vš—wiZ bv K‡ib|
c‡i †WwfW ag©xq weZ‡K©i mvi ms‡¶c eY©bv K‡ib Gfv‡e :
Avwg ag©MÖš’ AbymiY Kwi, wKš‘ Avgvi we‡ivaxiv Zv _‡ji
g‡a¨ jywK‡q iv‡Lb| Zviv wÎZ¡ev‡`i K_v e‡j Av‡jvi e`‡j
AÜKvi †W‡K Av‡bb| Zv‡`i ag© GZUv ¯^we‡ivax †h Zviv wb‡Riv
ch©š— G‡K c~Y©v½fv‡e Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| hv‡nvK, Zviv
Awb”Qv m‡Ë¡I †`L‡Z cv‡eb †h Ck¦i Zvi mZ¨ cÖKvk Ki‡eb|11
G ag©xq weZ‡K©i dj nq GB †h, K‡jvRvi kn‡ii cÖvq mKj
AwaevmxB GK Ck¦‡i wek¦vmx n‡q D‡V| MÖvgv‡jI G ag© wek¦vm
Qwo‡q c‡o Ges msL¨vMwiô †jv‡Ki a‡g© cwiYZ nq| GKZ¡ev`
Kvix fv‡e ¯^xK…Z 4wU a‡g©i GKwU‡Z cwiYZ nq, A_©vr Zv
AvB‡bi wbivcËv jvf K‡i| 1571 mvj bvMv` Uªvbwmjfvwbqvq
GKZ¡v`x‡`i cÖvq 5kÕwU mgv‡ek AbywôZ nq| G eQiB ivRv Rb
gviv hvb| GKZ¡ev‡`i RbwcÖqZv hw`I e„w× cvw”Qj wKš‘ bZzb
ivRv wó‡db ivRv R‡bi mwnòyZvi bxwZ AbymiY cwiZ¨vM K‡ib|
ivRv R‡bi gZ cÖKv‡ki ¯^vaxbZvi bxwZI wZwb evwZj K‡ib|
d‡j GKZ¡ev‡`i Abymvix‡`i RxebhvÎv wec`msKzj n‡q c‡o| G
mgq eʪvUv I †mvwKbvqv‡mi mv‡_ we‡iva †`Lv †`qvq †Wwf‡Wi
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 169
Ae¯’vI mw½b n‡q I‡V| wZwb wQ‡jb Avcmnxb GKZ¡ev`x Ges
GgbwK c‡iv¶fv‡eI wZwb KvD‡K Ck¦‡ii Askx`vi Ki‡Z ivwR
wQ‡jb bv| †mvwKqvbvm hxïi cÖwZ kÖ×v I Dcvmbvi g‡a¨ GKwU
cv_©K¨ †iLv Uv‡bb| †KD Zvi Dcvmbv Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv, wKš‘
kÖ×v Rvbv‡Z cvi‡e| †WwfW GUv gvb‡Z cv‡ibwb| A_P †cvwjk
GKZ¡ev`x‡`i Kv‡QI welqwU AvcwËKi g‡b nqwb| KviY G
`y‡qi gv‡S cv_©K¨ wQj mvgvb¨B| mvaviY gvby‡li wPš—vq I
ˆ`bw›`b Af¨v‡m GB cv_©‡K¨i welqwU ax‡i ax‡i w¯—wgZ n‡q Av‡m
Ges Dcvmbvi mgq AKc‡U GUv ejv m¤¢e wQj bv †h †KD cÖv_©bv
Ki‡Q bv kÖ×v Ávcb Ki‡Q|
†ivgvb K¨v_wjKMY bZzb ivRvi mg_©b jvf K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K
GKZ¡ev`x Av‡›`vj‡bi †bZv‡`i g‡a¨ wefw³ Zv‡`i Av‡iv kw³
†RvMvq| 1571 L„. UiWv‡Z GK m‡¤§j‡b Awf‡hvM DÌvcb Kiv
nq †h wKQy hvRK bqv ag©gZ cÖeZ©‡bi Rb¨ †`vlx| 1573,
1576, 1578 L„. m‡¤§j‡bI G Awf‡hvM cybivq DÌvcb Kiv
nq| Gme Awf‡hvM µgk mywbw`©ó iƒc wb‡Z _v‡K Ges P~ovš—
fv‡e d«vwÝm †WwfW Zvi j¶¨e¯‘‡Z cwiYZ nb| 1578 mv‡j e-
ʪvUvi mv‡_ ivRvi µgea©gvb eÜzZ¡ M‡o DVwQj| 1578 mv‡j e-
ʪvUv †LvjvLywjfv‡e †Wwf‡Wi we‡ivwaZv K‡ib Ges wZwb †WwfW‡K
Zvi ag© Avi cÖPvi bv Kivi R‡b¨ e‡jb| wKš‘ †WwfW cÖvYf‡q
fxZ n‡q wb‡Ri wek¦vm Z¨vM Kivi gZ gvbyl wQ‡jb bv| †h eʪvUv
mvivRxeb GKZ¡ev`x ag© cÖwZôvi msMÖvg K‡i‡Qb wZwbB †kl ch©š—
`ye©j n‡q co‡jb| e‡qve„× eʪvUv Aemi PvB‡jb| wZwb Avi
wb‡Ri ev eÜz‡`i Dci mgm¨v †W‡K Avb‡Z PvB‡jb bv| Zviv
Rvb‡Zb, †WwfW hv Ki‡Qb Zv AZ¨š— wec¾bK| Zviv Dcjwä
Ki‡jb †h †WwfW hw` Zv‡`i c`v¼ AbymiY K‡ib Zvn‡j mewKQy
mnR n‡q hv‡e|
170 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
wKš‘ †WwfW Zvi g‡Z AwePj iB‡jb| wZwb †h ïay cÖPvi
Ae¨vnZ ivL‡jb ZvB bq, Dciš‘ mKj we‡ivwaZv AMÖvn¨ K‡i
Zvi wek¦v‡mi K_v wjL‡Z I cÖPvic‡Îi gva¨‡g Pviw`‡K Qwo‡q
w`‡Z ïi“ K‡ib| eʪvUv †Wwf‡Wi gZ cwieZ©b Kivi cÖqv‡m
†mvwKqvbvm‡K Uªvbwmjfvwbqvq Avgš¿Y K‡ib| †mvwKqvbvm
AvMgb K‡ib I †Wwf‡Wi AvwZ_¨ †bb| Zvi †Póvq †Kvb dj
nqwb| Z‡e †WwfW Zvi †jLv‡jwL msw¶ß Ki‡Z ivwR nb Ges
†m¸‡jv †cvwjk GKZ¡vev`x Pv‡P©i Kv‡Q †ck Kivi wm×vš— †bqv
nq| †WwfW ZvB K‡ib Ges †gvU PviwU welq cÖYqb K‡ib:
Ck¦‡ii K‡Vvi wb‡`©k nj †h †KDB ¯^M© I c„w_exi mªóv, wcZv
Ck¦i Qvov Avi Kv‡iv Kv‡Q cÖv_©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv|
m‡Z¨i wk¶v`vZv whïwLªó wk¶v w`‡q‡Qb †h ¯^M©xq wcZv
e¨ZxZ Avi Kv‡iv mvnvh¨ cÖv_©bv Kiv hv‡e bv|
cÖK…Z cÖv_©bvi msÁv nj hv g‡b cÖv‡Y wcZvi D‡Ï‡k¨
wb‡ew`Z nq|
mvaviY cÖv_©bvi j¶¨e¯‘ wcZv, L„ó bb|
†mvwKqvbvm G g‡Zi wei“‡× †j‡Lb Ges †WwfW Zvi g‡Zi
mg_©‡b cybivq †j‡Lb| G Av‡jvPbv µgk DËß n‡q D‡V Ges
ax‡i ax‡i Zv wZ³ I e¨w³MZ ch©v‡q †cuŠ‡Q| dj nj GB †h e-
ʪvUv I †WwfW †LvjvLywjfv‡e ci¯ú‡ii kΓ n‡q I‡Vb| GKv
K¨v_wjK ivRv‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq mg_©b G‡b †`q| †WwfW‡K M„ne›`x
Kivi wb‡`©k †`Iqv nq| Zvi mv‡_ Kv‡iv †`Lv mv¶vr I wbwl×
Kiv nq| G wb‡`©k Kvh©Ki nIqvi Av‡MB †WwfW Zv Rvb‡Z
cv‡ib| wZwb Zr¶Yvr hZ †ewk m¤¢ve¨ †MÖdZvi m¤ú‡K©
RbmvaviY‡K Rvwb‡q †`b|
wZwb †NvlYv K‡ib, wek¦evmx hvB Kivi †Póv Ki“K bv †Kb,
Ck¦i GKÑ GK_v mviv we‡k¦i Kv‡QB my¯úó n‡q DV‡e|12
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 171
†MÖdZv‡ii ci †WwfW‡K GKwU ag©xq m‡¤§j‡b nvwRi Kiv
nq| eʪvUv GKB mv‡_ cÖavb †KŠmyjx Ges cÖavb mv¶xi f~wgKv
cvjb K‡ib| †Wwf‡Wi R‡b¨ GUv wQj `ytmn aKj Ges wZwb
Amy¯’ n‡q c‡ob| Zv‡K GKwU †Pqv‡i K‡i enb Kiv n‡Zv| wZwb
Zvi nvZ- cv bvo‡Z cvi‡Zb bv| Zv‡K hve¾xeb Kviv`Ê †`Iqv
nq Ges GKwU DuPz cvnv‡oi Dci wbwg©Z K¨vm‡ji e›`xkvjvq ivLv
nq| †mLv‡b wZwb †h 5 gvm RxweZ wQ‡jb, †m mgq wZwb Kx
cwigvY `yie¯’vi wkKvi n‡qwQ‡jb Zv †KD Rv‡b bv| 1579 L„.
b‡f¤^‡i Zvi g„Zz¨ nq Ges GKwU AÁvZ Ke‡i Acivaxi gZ
Zv‡K Kei¯’ Kiv nq|
†Wwf‡Wi g„Zy¨i ci Zvi Kviv K‡¶i †`qv‡j GKwU KweZv
wjwLZ Av‡Q e‡j †`Lv hvq| Gi Ask we‡kl wbgœiƒc:
`yÕwU `kK Avwg wbôvi mv‡_ Avgvi †`k
I wcÖ‡Ýi †mev K‡iwQ
Avgvi wek¦¯—Zv cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q|
Avgvi wK Aciva †h Avwg wcZ…f~wgi Kv‡Q N„wYZ?
Zv nj ïay GB : Ck¦i GKRb, wZbRb bb
Avwg G DcvmbvB K‡iwQ|
G KweZvi †klvsk wQj GiKg:
eRª bq, µzk bq, bq †cv‡ci Zievwi, bq g„Zz¨i
gyLe¨v`vb
m‡Z¨i AMÖhvÎv †iva K‡i †bB Ggb †Kvb kw³
Avwg hv Abyfe K‡iwQ ZvB wj‡LwQ
GK wek¦vm cwic~Y© ü`q wb‡q Avwg K_v e‡jwQ
Avgvi g„Zz¨i ci NU‡e cZb AmZ¨ gZev‡`i|13
†WwfW ci‡jvKMgb Ki‡jI Zvi Av‡›`vjb Ae¨vnZ _v‡K|
Kvh©Z eû eQi a‡i Uªvbwmjfvwbqvi GKZ¡ev`x‡`i d«vwÝm
†Wwf‡Wi a‡g©i Abymvix e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nZ| AvR Zvi gZ I
172 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
e³e¨ mnR, my¯úó I evB‡ej wfwËK e‡j M„nxZ n‡”Q| mKj
`vwqZ¡kxj e¨w³i ivqB GLb d«vwÝm †Wwf‡Wi c‡¶ hv‡”Q| 14
†Wwf‡Wi g„Zz¨i e¨vcv‡i eo f~wgKv cvjbKvix eʪvUv
K¨v_wjK‡`i I ivRvi Kv‡Q AZ¨š— wcÖq n‡q I‡Vb| wZwb GZ
abx wQ‡jb †h Zvi DËivwaKvix Zvi ¯^vfvweK g„Zz¨i A‡c¶v bv
K‡i Zv‡K nZ¨v K‡i| GKZ¡ev`x‡`i Dci wbh©vZb hw`I Ae¨vnZ
wQj wKš‘ wbcxobKvix‡`i Kvw•¶Z j¶¨ AR©‡b Zv mnvqK nqwb|
wkMwMiB †WwfW GKRb knx‡`i gh©v`v jvf K‡ib| Zuvi `„óvš—
GKZ¡ev`x‡`i g‡a¨ Ggb †cÖiYv †h msMwVZ wbcxob m‡Ë¡I Zv
cÖR‡b¥i ci cÖRb¥ a‡i wU‡K _v‡K|
Uªvbwmjfvwbqvq GKZ¡ev`x‡`i msL¨v D‡j­L †hvM¨ fv‡e n«vm
cvq| Z‡e ZzK©x kvmbvaxb nv‡½wii `w¶‡Y Zv‡`i msL¨v e„w×
†c‡Z ïi“ K‡i| gymjgvb kvmKiv KziAv‡bi wb‡`©k Abyhvqx mKj
a‡g©i †jvK‡`i kvwš—‡Z emev‡mi AbygwZ †`b| Z‡e kZ© wQj †h
Zviv gmyjgvb‡`i ag©vPi‡Y †Kvb n¯—‡¶c Ki‡e bv| Gfv‡e
L„óvbiv gymjgvb kvmbvaxb c~Y© ag©xq ¯^vaxbZv †fvM K‡i hv Avi
†Kvb L„óvb ag©vej¤^x †`‡k wQj bv| GgbwK L„óvb‡`i Zv‡`i
wbR¯^ AvBb Abyhvqx PjviI AbygwZ †`Iqv nq| ¯^vaxbZvi G
my‡hvM MÖnY K‡i GKRb K¨vjwfbcš’x wekc ag©‡`ªvnxZvi
Awf‡hv‡M GKRb GKZ¡ev`xi duvwm †`b| Ab¨ GKRb GKZ¡ev`x
G welqwU ey`vi ZzwK© Mfb©i‡K AewnZ K‡ib| Mfb©i
K¨vjwfbcš’x wekc‡K Zvi mvg‡b Dcw¯’Z nIqvi wb‡`©k †`b|
wePv‡ii ci wekc I Zvi `yÕRb mnKvix‡K nZ¨vi `v‡q g„Zz¨`Ê
†`Iqv nq| GKZ¡ev`x hvRK `ÊcÖvß wek‡ci c‡¶ n¯—‡¶c K‡ib
G e‡j †h wZwb G nZ¨vi cÖwZ‡kva MÖnY Ki‡Z Pvb bv, Z‡e wZwb
Pvb †hb G ai‡bi NUbvi cybive„wË bv N‡U| Gi d‡j Acivax‡`i
g„Zz¨`Ê iwnZ K‡i Zvi cwie‡Z© Zv‡`i wecyj As‡Ki Rwigvbv
Kiv nq|
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 173
ZzwK© miKv‡ii Aax‡b GKZ¡ev`xMY cÖvq GK kZvãx hver
kvwš—‡Z emevm K‡i| ZzwK© kvmbvaxb †`‡k Zv‡`i cÖvq 60 wU PvP©
wQj| ZzwK© mvgªv‡R¨i cZ‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ Zv‡`i ag© wek¦v‡mi
¯^vaxbZvI Le© nq Ges †jvKRb‡K Avevi ejc~e©K K¨v_wjK a‡g©
`xw¶ZKiY ïi“ nq| hviv ag©vš—i MÖn‡Y A¯^xK…wZ RvbvZ Zviv
mwnsm wbcxo‡bi wkKvi nZ| Dwbk kZ‡Ki †kl bvMv`
Rbmvavi‡Yi Dci cÖKv‡k¨ wbcxob Pvjv‡bv Am¤¢e n‡q c‡o|
d‡j GKZ¡ev`x‡`i msL¨v Avevi e„w× †c‡Z ïi“ K‡i| c~e©
BD‡iv‡c GKZ¡ev`x Av‡›`vjb AvRI Aw¯—Z¡ wb‡q wU‡K Av‡Q Ges
GKZ¡ev‡`i Abymvix‡`i ü`‡q GLbI †Wwf‡Wi wecyj cÖfve
cwijw¶Z nq|
gymjgvb‡`i mv‡_ d«vwÝm †Wwf‡Wi KZUv †hvMv‡hvM wQj, †m
e¨vcv‡i Ríbv- Kíbv i‡q‡Q| wbtm‡›`‡n Zuvi ag© wek¦vm
Bmjv‡gi Lye KvQvKvwQ †cuŠ‡QwQj Ges Kgc‡¶ GKwU ¯’v‡b wZwb
Zvi wek¦v‡mi mg_©‡b †LvjvLywjfv‡e KziAvb‡K DׄZ K‡iwQ‡jb :
KziAv‡b GK_v KviY Qvov ejv nqwb †h hviv hxïi Dcvmbv
KiZ hxï Zv‡`i †Kvb mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv| Zviv Zv‡K
Ck¦i e‡j g‡b KiZ hv wQj Zvi ag©g‡Zi we‡ivax... myZivs
Zv‡`i‡K G R‡b¨ `vqx Kiv hvq †h Avgv‡`i hxïi Dcvmbv Kivi
wk¶v †K w`‡q‡Q †hLv‡b hxï wb‡R e‡j‡Qb †h Ck¦‡ii cÖv_©bv
Ki.... Ck¦i wZbRb bb ïay GKRb|15
(Zz. 5t 116-117)
†Wwf‡Wi hZ wb›`v ev mgv‡jvPbv Kiv †nvK bv †Kb, Zv‡K
KL‡bvB GKRb gymjgvb ejv nqwb| KviY K¨vjwfbcš’x I
K¨v_wjK Df‡qiB Avk¼v wQj †h GUv ZrKvjxb kw³kvjx ZzwK©
kvmK‡`i GKZ¡ev`x‡`i mvnv‡h¨ †W‡K Avb‡e| GKZ¡ev`x
Av‡›`vjb hv Bmjv‡gi LyeB wbKUeZ©x wQj, m¤ú‡K© ZzwK©
kvmK‡`i AmZK©Zvi KviY nq‡Zv GB wQj †h Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i
174 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
ag© Bmjv‡gi †¶‡ÎI AatcZ‡bi m~Pbv n‡qwQj| †Wwf‡Wi GKwU
cÖavb mgv‡jvPbv nj †h hw` Zvi gZ MÖnY Kiv nZ, Zvn‡j
Bqvû`x I L„óa‡g©i ga¨Kvi cv_©K¨ `~i n‡q hvIqvi m¤¢vebv wQj
Ges L„óag© nq‡Zv Bqvû`x a‡g©i g‡a¨ cybivq wg‡k †hZ| GgbwK
eʪvUvI †WwfW‡K we`ªƒc KiZ G e‡j †h wZwb Bqvû`x a‡g© wd‡i
hv‡”Qb| wZwb KLbB †Wwf‡Wi hyw³ LÊb K‡ibwb, wKš‘
Bqvû`x‡`i wei“‡× RbgZ‡K Dm‡K w`‡q wZwb †Wwf‡Wi gh©v`v
nvwbi †Póv K‡i‡Qb| eʪvUv †eva nq GK_v fy‡j wM‡qwQ‡jb †h
cÖ‡Z¨K bexB Zvi c~e©eZ©x bexi wk¶v cybe©¨³ I KvR mg_©b I
m¤úÖmvi‡Yi R‡b¨B G‡m‡Qb| Kvh©Z d«vwÝZ †Wwf‡Wi ¸i“Z¡
GLv‡bB †h GK Ck¦‡ii cÖwZ Av¯’v e¨³ Kivi ga¨ w`‡q wZwb
†cÖwiZ cyi“l‡`i avivevwnKZvq hxïi Av‡M I c‡ii †Kvb bexi
HwZn¨‡K A¯^xKvi bv K‡i hxïi Ae¯’vb mg_©b K‡i‡Qb| Dciš‘
wZwb RbMY‡K ¯§iY Kwi‡q w`‡q‡Qb †h mZ¨ wek¦vm, Ck¦‡i wek¦vm
Ges hxïi Av`k© I wk¶vi AbymiY I Rxeb- hvcbB BnKvj I
ciKv‡ji R‡b¨ h‡_ó|16,
†jwjI d«v‡Ým‡Kv gvwiqv †mvwRwb
(Lelio Francesco Maria Sozini) 1525-1562 L„.
†jwjI †mvwRwb 1525 L„. Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| cwiYZ eq‡m
wZwb GKRb AvBbwe` nb| G ch©v‡q AvBb Aa¨qb Zv‡K wneªy I
evB‡e‡ji M‡elYvq DØy× K‡i| Zi“Y eq‡m wZwb †ev‡jvMbv Z¨vM
K‡ib I †Wwb‡mi cvk¦©eZ©x GjvKvq Mgb K‡ib| †mLv‡b ZLb
wKQyUv ag©xq ¯^vaxbZv wQj hv BZvwji Avi †Kvb As‡k wQj bv|
mvi‡fUv‡mi iPbv †mLv‡b mgv`„Z n‡Zv Ges A‡b‡KB Zvi Øviv
cÖfvweZ wQ‡jb| Iqv‡jm Zvi ÒGw›U wUªwbUvwiqAb ev‡qvMÖvwdÓ
MÖ‡š’ wj‡L‡Qb †h mvi‡fUv‡mi Abymvix‡`i g‡a¨ †fwb‡mi eû
wewkó e¨w³ I Kg©KZ©vI wQ‡jb|17 wKš‘ wm‡bU mvi‡fUv‡mi
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 175
Abymvix‡`i cÖKvk¨ Kvh©µg wbwl× Kivi †cÖw¶‡Z Zviv †Mvc‡b
wgwjZ n‡Z ïi“ K‡ib| L„óa‡g©i mZ¨ iƒc Rvbv Ges hxïi cÖK…Z
wk¶v‡K cybt cÖwZôv KivB wQj Zv‡`i D‡Ïk¨| Òwnówi Ae w`
widi‡gkb Bb †cvjvÊÓ MÖ‡š’ jywewb‡qUw¯‹ (Lubinietski)
wj‡L‡Qb:
Zviv G wm×v‡š— DcbxZ nb †h GK Ck¦i Qvov Avi †Kvb
Ck¦i †bB| hxï cÖK…ZB GKRb i³- gvs‡mi gvbyl wQ‡jb| wZwb
Ck¦‡ii A‡jŠwKK ¶gZvq Kzgvix gv‡qi M‡f© Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wÎ-
Ck¦i Ges hxïi Ck¦iZ¡ gZev‡`i D‡`¨vMZv nj †cŠËwjK
`vk©wbKMY|18
Iqv‡jm (Wallace) wj‡L‡Qb, †jwjI Gme †jv‡Ki mv‡_
mv¶vr K‡ib Ges Zv‡`i g‡Z gy» n‡q Zvi“‡Y¨i Drmvn wb‡q
ag©xq m‡Z¨i mÜv‡b wb‡qvwRZ nb|19 K¨vwg‡jv (Camillo) bvgK
GKRb ag©Ávbx e¨w³ Zv‡K we‡klfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡ib| Zvi
mvg‡b GK bZzb w`Mš— D‡b¥vwPZ nq| ZLb ch©š— Zvi gb
cÖwZwôZ Pv‡P©i K‡Vvi ag©g‡Z `„pfv‡e wek¦vmx wQj| wKš‘ GLb
wZwb bZzb GK ¯^vaxbZv Abyfe Ki‡jb hv wZwb Av‡M jvf
K‡ibwb| wZwb Rxe‡bi bZzb A_© Luy‡R †c‡jb Ges m‡Z¨i mÜv‡b
wb‡R‡K AvRxeb DrmM© Kivi wm×vš— †bb| Rvbv hvq †h AvR hv
wf‡b‡mbRvi ¸ß (Secret Society of Vincenza) mwgwZ
bv‡g cwiwPZ, †mw`b G mwgwZi m`m¨‡`i msL¨v wQj 40 GiI
†ewk| GK mgq G ¸ß mwgwZi Aw¯—Z¡ cÖKvk n‡q co‡j
m`m¨‡`i A‡bK‡KB †MÖdZvi Kiv nq| Kv‡iv Kv‡iv g„Zz¨`Ê nq|
Ab¨w`‡K fvM¨evb m`m¨iv cvwj‡q †h‡Z m¶g nb I Ab¨vb¨
†`‡k wM‡q AvkÖq MÖnY K‡ib| †jwjI †mvwRwb Qvov G mwgwZi
m`m¨‡`i g‡a¨ wQ‡jb IwPbvm, Wvwiqvm †mvwRwb (†jwjIi
ÁvwZåvZv), AvjwmqvwU I eyKvwjm| GKwU †Rvi aviYv Pvjy Av‡Q
†h †k‡lv³ `yÕRb Bmjvg MÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb| Wvt †nvqvBU Zvi
176 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
eª¤úUb e³…Zvq (Brompton Lectures) †mvwRwbi Abymvix‡`i
ÒAvi‡ei bexi AbymvixÓ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb|20
GKw`‡K G mwgwZi Aw¯—Z¡ hLb †Mvcb wQj, Ab¨w`‡K †jwjI
†mvwRwbi `„wó Gi evB‡ii `yÕe¨w³i cÖwZ AvK…ó n‡qwQj| G‡`i
GKRb mvi‡fUvm, Ab¨Rb K¨vjwfb| mvi‡fUv‡mi GKZ¡ev‡`
Zvi wek¦v‡mi K_v cÖKv‡k¨ †NvlYvi mvnm wQj, Ab¨w`‡K K¨vjwfb
wb‡R‡K BD‡iv‡ci ms¯‹viev`x †Mvôxi mgZzj¨ GKwU kw³
wn‡m‡eB wb‡Ri cwiPq w`‡Zb|
†mvwRwb cÖ_‡g K¨vjwf‡bi mv‡_ mv¶vr Ki‡Z gb¯’ K‡ib|
wKš‘ Zvi mv‡_ mv¶v‡Zi ci †mvwRwb †`L‡Z cvb †h GKRb
†ivgvb hvR‡Ki gZB K¨vjwfb GK Aby`vi gvbwmKZvi e¨w³|
G‡Z wZwb LyeB nZvk nb| Zvi G g‡bvfve Awej‡¤^B
we‡ùvi‡Yvb¥yL iƒc cwiMÖn K‡i hLb wZwb Avwe®‹vi K‡ib †h
mvi‡fUvm‡K †MÖdZv‡ii e¨vcv‡i K¨vjwfb mvnvh¨ K‡iwQ‡jb|
ZLb †_‡K †mvwRwb mvi‡fUv‡mi gZev‡` Av¯’v ¯’vcb K‡ib|
K¨vwg‡jvi Aby‡cÖiYvq wZwb cÖwZwôZ Pv‡P©i M„nxZ gZev` mg~‡ni
e¨vcK Aa¨qb I M‡elYv Ae¨vnZ iv‡Lb|
1559 mv‡j wZwb RywiL Mgb K‡ib| †mLv‡bB Zvi Rxe‡bi
†kl wZb eQi Mfxi Aa¨q‡bi g‡a¨ AwZevwnZ nq| 1562 mv‡j
gvÎ 37 eQi eq‡m wZwb ci‡jvK Mgb K‡ib|
dvD‡óv cvI‡jv †mvwRwb (Fausto Paolo Sozini) 1539-
1604 L„.
†jwjI †mvwRwbi åvZz®úyÎ dvD‡óv cvI‡jv †mvwRwb 1539
L„. Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi wcZ…e¨ ¯^íKvjxb A_P djcÖm~ Rxe‡b hv
AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb, Zvi meB åvZz®úy·K w`‡q hvb| 23 eQi eq‡m
Rbmvavi‡Yi Kv‡Q †mvwKqvbvm bv‡g cwiwPZ dvD‡óv †mvwRwb ïay
†jwjIiB bq, K¨vwg‡jv I mvi‡fUv‡miI DËim~ix‡Z cwiYZ nb|
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 177
wcZ…‡e¨i KvQ †_‡K gnvg~j¨ Dcnvi wn‡m‡e wZwb †c‡qwQ‡jb
wecyj msL¨K cvÊywjwc I e¨vL¨vg~jK †bvU|
†mvwKqvbvm Zvi Rb¥¯’vb wm‡qbvq (Sienna) cÖv_wgK wk¶v
jvf K‡ib| c‡i wZwb wjqu I †R‡bfv Mgb K‡ib| 1565 L„.
wZwb BZvwj‡Z wd‡i Av‡mb| wZwb †d¬v‡iÝ hvb Ges Bmv‡ejv `¨
†g‡Wwmi (Issabella de Medeci) Aax‡b PvKzwi MÖnY K‡ib|
†mLv‡b wZwb gh©v`v I m¤§vb jvf K‡ib| Bmv‡ejvi g„Zz¨i ci
wZwb BZvwj Z¨vM K‡ib I evwm‡j‡Z evm Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡ib|
Zi“Y cwÊZ †mLv‡b Lye wkMwMiB ag©Z‡Ë¡ AvMÖnx‡`i `„wó AvKl©Y
Ki‡Z m¶g nb| wZwb †ebv‡g GKwU MÖš’ cÖKvk K‡i †Mvc‡b
weZiY K‡ib, KviY Pv‡P©i Abykvm‡bi mv‡_ cÖKv‡k¨ gZcv_©K¨
cÖKvk Kiv AZ¨š— wec¾bK wQj|
dvD‡óv †mvwRwbi MÖš’wU †cvjv‡Êi ivR `iev‡i wPwKrmK e-
ʪvUvi (Blandrata) nv‡Z †cuŠ‡Q| G ch©v‡q †P‡c emv
kvm‡ivaKi cwiw¯’wZ †_‡K mvaviY gvbyl‡K gy³ Kivi mvnm, gb,
¶gZv I D”PvKv•¶v eʪvUvi wQj| kvmK‡`i ag© mwnòyZv ag©
wb‡q gy³ Av‡jvPbvq AvMÖnx I Pv‡P©i ¯’‚j Abykvmb gvb‡Z
Awb”QyK e¨w³‡`i R‡b¨ †cvjvʇK AvKl©Yxq ¯’v‡b cwiYZ
K‡iwQj| eʪvUv †mvwKqvbvm‡K †cvjv‡Ê Avmvi Avgš¿Y Rvbvb|
†mvwKqvbvm Avb‡›`i mv‡_ Zv MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb †cvjv‡Ê gy³ I
Avš—wiK cwi‡ek †`L‡Z cvb| wZwb Pv‡P©i wbcxob, fq gy³
cwi‡e‡k ¯^bv‡g †jLvi ¯^vaxbZv jvf K‡ib| †cvjv‡Ê G‡m hw`I
wZwb cÖv‡Y i¶v cvb, wKš‘ BZvwj‡Z Zvi mnvq- m¤ú` ev‡Rqvß
Kiv nq| †mvwKqvbvm GKRb †cvwjk gwnjv‡K we‡q K‡ib Ges
¯^‡`‡ki mv‡_ mKj m¤úK© wQbœ K‡ib|
†cvjv‡Êi kvmKiv wÎZ¡ev‡` wek¦vm Ki‡Zb bv| Z‡e Zviv
ZLbI AÜKv‡i nvZ‡o †eovw”Q‡jb| Zviv Rvb‡Zb bv †h GKwU
BwZevPK ag©gZ cÖYq‡b Kx c`‡¶c wb‡Z n‡e| †mvwKqvbv‡mi
178 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
Dcw¯’wZ G Afve c~iY K‡i Ges kvmK I RbMYI Zv‡Z ¯úóZB
mš‘ó nq| wcZ…‡e¨i KvQ †_‡K jä Ávb I wbR¯^ Aa¨q‡bi
myd‡ji mgš^q N‡UwQj †mvwKqvbv‡mi †gav I gb‡b Ges Pv‡P©i
Dci Zvi †jLvi kw³kvjx cÖwZwµqv N‡UwQj|
µz× PvP© Zv‡K †MÖdZvi K‡i Ges Zv‡K Rxeš— cywo‡q gvivi
wb‡`©k †`Iqv nq| wKš‘ †mvwKqvbv‡mi cÖwZ Rbmg_©b GZ wecyj
wQj †h Av`vjZ Zv‡`i wm×vš— cwieZ©b Ki‡Z eva¨ nq| ZeyI
Zv‡`i wePv‡ii djvd‡ji weivU ¸i“Z¡ cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z Zv‡K VvÛv
cvwb‡Z Wywe‡q nZ¨vi wm×vš— †bq| PvP© ag©xq wei“×vPiYKvix‡`i
R‡b¨ Rxeš— Av¸‡b cywo‡q gvivi cvkvcvwk VvÛv cvwb‡Z Wywe‡q
nZ¨vi G weavb‡K RywWKvg †WB (Judicum dei) ev Ck¦‡ii
wePvi bv‡g AvL¨vwqZ KiZ hw`I Zv KL‡bvB whïwLªó ev c‡ji
wk¶vi Ask wQj bv| G kvw¯—‡Z †`vlx mve¨¯— e¨w³‡K Mfxi
cvwb‡Z wb‡¶c Kiv n‡Zv| hw` †m Wy‡e †hZ Zvn‡j †m †`vlx
cÖgvwYZ n‡Zv| †mvwKqvbvm muvZvi Rvb‡Zb bv, GK_v fvjfv‡e
Rvbv m‡Ë¡I hvRKiv Zv‡K mvM‡i wb‡¶c K‡i| †hfv‡eB †nvK
wZwb cÖv‡Y †eu‡P hvb Ges 1604 L„. ch©š— RxweZ wQ‡jb|
1605 L„. †mvwKqvbv‡mi me iPbv GKÎ K‡i GKwU MÖš’
cÖKvk Kiv nq| †iv‡KvD (Rokow) †Z MÖš’wU cÖKvwkZ nIqvi
Kvi‡Y mvavi‡Yi Kv‡Q GKwU iv‡Kvwfqvb K¨v‡_wmRg
(Racovian Cathechism) bv‡g cwiwPZ nq| †cvwjk fvlvq
cÖKvwkZ G MÖš’wU BD‡iv‡ci cÖvq mKj fvlvq Abyw`Z nq| Zvi
gZv`k© me©Î Qwo‡q c‡o Ges Zvi ag©xq wPš—vaviv †mvwKqvbev`
(Socianism) bv‡g cwiwPwZ jvf K‡i| nvibvK Zvi
ÒAvDUjvBbm Ae w` wnówi Ae WMgvÓ MÖ‡š’ †mvwKqvbev`‡K
L„óxq ag©g‡Zi P~ovš— ch©v‡q me©‡kl wn‡m‡e †ivgvb K¨v_wjKev`
I †cÖv‡UóvÈev‡`i mg ch©v‡q ¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb| Aek¨ GUv
†mvwKqvbv‡mi cÖvc¨| KviY Zvi Rb¨B †m mgq GKZ¡ev`xiv
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 179
AvaywbK L„óvb a‡g©i g‡a¨ GK c„_K cwiwPwZ jvf K‡iwQj|
nvibvK †mvwKqvbev‡`i wb‡æv³ ˆewk󨸇jv D‡jL K‡i‡Qb :
G‡Z i‡q‡Q a‡g©i ev¯—eZv I welq m¤úwK©Z cÖkœmg~n mnR
K‡i †Zvjvi Ges PvP© cÖewZ©Z a‡g©i †evSv cÖZ¨vL¨v‡bi
mvnm|
GUv ag© I weÁv‡bi g‡a¨ Ges L„óag© I c­v†UvwbR‡gi g‡a¨
Pzw³i eÜb †f‡O w`‡q‡Q|
GUv G aviYv Qwo‡q w`‡q‡Q †h ag©‡K kw³kvjx Ki‡Z n‡j
ag©xq m‡Z¨i weeiY my¯úó I Dcjwä‡hvM¨ n‡Z n‡e|
GUv evB‡e‡j hv †bB †mB cÖvPxb ag©g‡Zi eÜb †_‡K cweÎ
evB‡e‡ji Aa¨qb‡K gy³ Kivi †Póv K‡i‡Q| †KD GKRb
e‡j‡Qb †h ÒmvaviY gvby‡li AÁZv nj hvRK‡`i ivR¯^|Ó
†mvwKqvbev` G `yÕwU‡KB n«vm Kivi †¶‡Î h‡_ó f~wgKv cvjb
K‡i|
†mvwKqvb ag©ZË¡ BD‡ivc Ry‡o Qwo‡q c‡o| Bsj¨v‡ÊI Zv
we¯—…Z nq| biDB‡Pi wekc nj (Bishop Hall) wejvc ïi“
K‡ib †h wÎZ¡ev` we‡ivax I bqv ag©vbymvix‡`i Øviv bviKxq
†mvwKqvb ag©g‡Zi gva¨‡g L„óvb‡`i gb wec_Mvgx n‡q‡Q| d‡j
L„óa‡g©i P~ovš— aŸs‡mi Avk¼v †`Lv w`‡q‡Q|21 1638 L„.
†mvwKqvb‡`i Dci wbg©g I msMwVZ wbcxob ïi“ nq| †iv‡KvD‡Z
Zv‡`i K‡jR eÜ K‡i †`qv nq|
†mvwKqvbv‡mi Abymvixiv mKj bvMwiK AwaKvi †_‡K ewÂZ
nb Ges GKZ¡ev‡` wek¦vmx eû †jvK‡K Rxeš— cywo‡q gviv nq|
G‡¶‡Î D`vniY wn‡m‡e K¨v‡_wib †fvMv‡ji (Catherine
Vogal) K_v ejv †h‡Z cv‡i| †cvjv‡Êi GK AjsKvi e¨emvqxi
¯¿x K¨v‡_wib‡K 80 eQi eq‡m Rxeš— cywo‡q gviv nq| Zvi
Aciva wQj GB †h wZwb wek¦vm Ki‡Zb †h Ck¦i GKRb, wZwbB
`„k¨gvb Ges A`„k¨ we‡k¦i mªóv Ges gvbweK eyw× Zuvi bvMvj cvq
180 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
bv| GUv Avm‡j AK…wÎg Bmjvwg welq| dzjvi wj‡L‡Qb †h
†mvwKqvbv‡mi Abymvix‡`i Gfv‡e Rxeš— cywo‡q gvivi exfrm
e¨vcviwU mvaviY gvbyl‡K ¯—w¤¢Z K‡i... Ges Zviv fvj wPš—v¸‡jv
GgbwK ag©we‡ivax‡`i gZI mv`‡i MÖnY Ki‡Z cÖ¯‘Z wQj hviv
i³ AvL‡i LwPZ K‡iwQj wb‡R‡`i ag© wek¦vm‡K| 22 Iqv‡jm
e‡jb, †mRb¨B cÖ_g †Rgm Av¸‡b cywo‡q nZ¨vi e`‡j Zv‡`i
eB cywo‡q †`qvi AwaKZi Kg ¶wZKi bxwZ MÖnY K‡ib|23
1658 L„. RbmvaviY‡K †ivgvb K¨v_wjK ag© MÖnY A_ev
wbe©vm‡b hvIqvi †h †Kvb GKwU‡K †e‡Q wb‡Z ejv nq| d‡j
GKZ¡ev`xiv QÎf½ n‡q mviv BD‡iv‡c Qwo‡q c‡o| Z‡e Zv‡`i
ag© wek¦vm †_‡K Zviv wePz¨Z nqwb Ges `xN©w`b wb‡R‡`i ¯^Zš¿
cwiPq eRvq iv‡L|
iv‡Kvwfqvb K¨v‡_wmR‡g wea„Z †jLvq †mvwKqvbvm cÖvqwðË
gZev` cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i †Muvov L„óa‡g©i gg© g~‡j AvNvZ
†n‡bwQ‡jb| hxï µzkwe× nbwb wKsev cybi“¾xweZI nbwb, myZivs
G gZev` m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c wfwËnxb| †mvwKqvbvm hxïi Rxe‡bi †kl
cwiYwZ m¤ú‡K© ÁvZ bv _vK‡jI wZwb Ab¨vb¨ wfwˇZ G
gZev‡`i AmviZv cÖgv‡Y m¶g wQ‡jb| ms‡¶‡c ej‡j, cÖvqwðË
gZev‡`i Abymvixiv cÖPvi Ki‡Z _v‡K †h Av`‡gi cÖ_g fyj
Kv‡Ri R‡b¨ gvbyl cvcx n‡q Rb¥MÖnY K‡i‡Q| hxï Zvi µzkwe×
nIqvi ga¨ w`‡q G cvc Ges L„óag© MÖnYKvix Zuvi Abymvix
mK‡ji cv‡ci cÖvqwðË K‡i‡Qb| †Muvov L„óag© Abymv‡i PvP© nj
GKwU ag©xq cÖwZôvb I cweÎ mgvR hv whïwLªó gvby‡li Kv‡Ri
R‡b¨ Zvi cÖvqwð‡Ëi gva¨‡g cÖwZwôZ K‡i‡Qb| ïaygvÎ G
mgv‡Ri g‡a¨ †_‡K Ges Zvi †mevi gva¨‡g cvcx gvbyl Ck¦i
jv‡fi c_ Luy‡R †c‡Z cv‡i| G Kvi‡Y PvP© wek¦vmx e¨w³i PvB‡Z
AwaK ¸i“Z¡c~Y© I AMÖvwaKvi cÖvß| †mvwRwb- Gi mewKQyB
cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib wZwb wbwðZ wQ‡jb †h GKRb gvbyl †Kvb
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 181
ga¨¯’ZvKvix QvovB mivmwi Ck¦i‡K jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i| AvZ¥vi
gyw³i R‡b¨ L„óag© bq, mwVK wek¦vm cÖ‡qvRb, AÜfv‡e PvP©‡K
AbymiY Kivi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| cÖvqwðË gZev` cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i
†mvwKqvbvm mgMÖ Pv‡P©i KZ©…Z¡ I Aw¯—Z¡ m¤ú‡K©B cÖ‡kœi m„wó
K‡ib| cÖavbZ GB Kvi‡YB K¨v_wjK I †cÖv‡UóvÈiv
†Kvwmqvbv‡mi wei“‡× jovB Kivi R‡b¨ ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_ nvZ
wgwj‡qwQj| †mvwKqvbvm wb‡æv³ wfwˇZ cÖvqwðË gZev` LÊb
K‡ib:
whïwLªó Avw` cv‡ci cÖvqwðË Kivi Rb¨ Rxeb DrmM©
K‡ibwb| Mm‡c‡ji eY©bv Abyhvqx hxï Aí mg‡qi R‡b¨
hš¿Yv‡fvM K‡ib| gvbyl‡K †h Abš—Kvjxb hš¿Yv‡fvM Ki‡Z n‡e
Zvi mv‡_ Zzjbvq ¯^í mg‡qi Lye Zxeª hš¿Yv wKQyB bq| hw` G
K_v ejv nq †h G hš¿Yv wQj AwZ fqvbK KviY whwb Zv †fvM
K‡ib wZwb wQ‡jb Awbt‡kl e¨w³i hš¿YvI Abš— hš¿Yvi Kv‡Q
wKQyB bq|
hw` ¯^xKvi K‡i †bqvI nq †h whïwLªó cÖvqwðË K‡iwQ‡jb
Zvn‡jI m„wóKZ©vi ¶gv A_ev Zvi ¶gvi R‡b¨ Zvi cÖwZ
gvby‡li K…ZÁZv Ávc‡bi K_v ejv Am¤¢e, †h‡nZz †h e¨w³
hxïL„‡ói bv‡g `xw¶Z n‡q m„wóKZ©v Zvi cvc ¶gv Kivi
Av‡MB †m ¯^sqwµqfv‡e ¶gvcÖvß n‡q hvq| G gZev`
AbymiY Kivi A_© m„wóKZ©vi AvBb Zvi ev›`v‡`i R‡b¨ Avi
eva¨-evaKZvg~jK _v‡K bv|Ñ †h‡nZz Zvi mKj cv‡ci
BwZg‡a¨ c~Y© cÖvqwðË n‡q †M‡Q| myZivs †Kvb e¨w³ Zvi hv
Lywk Kivi ¯^vaxbZv †c‡q hvq| †h‡nZz hxïL„‡ói cÖvqwðË
c~Y©v½ I Abš—, myZivs mK‡jB Zvi AvIZvf~³| ZvB
wPiKvjxb gyw³ AeavwiZ n‡q hvq| Ab¨ K_vq, gvbyl‡K bZzb
†Kvb kZ© †`Iqvi AwaKvi Ck¦‡ii †bB| AZxZ, eZ©gvb I
fwel¨‡Zi m¤ú~Y© g~j¨ cwi‡kva Kiv n‡q‡Q, †m Kvi‡Y mKj
182 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
FY MÖnxZvB GLb gy³| aiv hvK, GK`j †jvK GKRb
RvMwZK FY`vZvi KvQ †_‡K wecyj cwigvY FY wb‡q‡Q Ges
†Kvb GKRb Zv m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c cwi‡kva Kij| Gi ci H
FY`vZvi wK IBme FY MÖnxZvi Kv‡Q Avi †Kvb `vwe _vK‡e
hviv Avi Zvi Kv‡Q FYx bq?
hxï Ck¦i bb, GKRb gvbyl, GK_v e¨³ K‡i †mvwKqvbvm
c‡iv¶fv‡e cÖvqwðË gZev` m¤ú‡K© cÖkœ Zz‡jwQ‡jb| †Kvb
e¨w³B mgMÖ gvbeRvwZi Amr ev fyj Kv‡Ri R‡b¨ cÖvqwðË Ki‡Z
cv‡i bv| G mZ¨wU GB KvíwbK gZev` LÊb Kivi R‡b¨ h‡_ó|
†mvwKqvbvm †Rvi w`‡q e‡j‡Qb †h hxï GKRb giYkxj
gvbyl wQ‡jb| wZwb GK Kzgvix gv‡qi M‡f© Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi
Rxe‡bi cweÎZvi R‡b¨ wZwb Ab¨ mKj gvbyl †_‡K c„_K
wQ‡jb| wZwb Ck¦i wQ‡jb bv, wKš‘ Ck¦‡ii KvQ †_‡K †cÖiYv
†c‡qwQ‡jb| Zvi A‡jŠwKK `„wó I kw³ wQj| wKš‘ wZwb Zvi mªóv
wQ‡jb bv| Ck¦i gvbeRvwZi Kv‡Q GK wgk‡b Zv‡K †cÖiY
K‡iwQ‡jb| evB‡e‡ji mswk­ó Aby‡”Q`mg~‡ni DׄwZ I e¨vL¨vi
gva¨‡g †mvwKqvbvm Gme wek¦vm‡K mg_©b K‡ib| Zvi m~² I
ewjô hyw³ hxï L„ó m¤ú‡K© GKwU †hŠw³K e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb K‡i|
wZwb e‡jb, hxï Zvi Rxe‡b mKj Ab¨vq Kv‡Ri wei“‡× weRq
AR©b K‡i‡Qb| wek¦ m„wói Av‡M Zvi m„wó nqwb| cÖv_©bvi mgq
hxïi mvnvh¨ Kvgbv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i hw` bv Ck¦i wn‡m‡e Zvi
Dcvmbv Kiv nq|
†mvwKqvbvm `„pZvi mv‡_ e¨³ K‡ib †h Ck¦i m‡e©v”P cÖfy|
me©kw³gvb Zvi GKgvÎ ¸b bq, wZwb mKj ¸‡Yi AwaKvix|
Ck¦‡ii wei“‡× †Kvb cÖkœ DÌvcb Kiv hvq bv| mxgv- Amx‡gi
cwigvc n‡Z cv‡i bv| myZivs Ck¦i m¤ú‡K© gvby‡li mKj aviYvB
Ach©vß Ges ïay G aviYvi Dci wfwË K‡i Ck¦‡ii wePvi Kiv hvq
bv| Ck¦i ¯^vaxb, ¯^-B”Qv m¤úbœ Ges gvby‡li gw¯—®‹ cÖm~Z †Kvb
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 183
AvB‡bi wZwb AvIZvaxb bb| Zuvi D‡Ïk¨ Ges Zvi B”Qv gvby‡li
A‡MvPi| wZwb gvby‡li Ges Ab¨ mKj wel‡qi Dci m‡e©v”P
KZ©…Z¡ m¤úbœ Ges me wKQyB Zuvi B”Qvaxb| wZwb Aš—‡ii Aš—¯’‡j
jywK‡q ivLv †Mvcb K_vwUI Rv‡bb| whwb B”Qvg‡Zv wewa- weavb
ˆZwi K‡ib Ges mrKvR I Amr Kv‡Ri R‡b¨ cyi¯‹vi I kvw¯—
cÖ`vb K‡ib| e¨w³ wn‡m‡e gvbyl‡K B”Qvi ¯^vaxbZv †`Iqv
n‡q‡Q, wKš‘ Kvh©Z †m ¶gZvnxb|
†mvwKqvbvm e‡jb, mKj wKQyi Dci m‡e©v”P ¶gZvi
AwaKvix mËv GKR‡bi †ewk n‡Z cv‡ib bv| myZivs wZbRb
me©kw³gv‡bi K_v ejv A‡hŠw³K| Ck¦i GKRbB, msL¨vqI wZwb
GK| Ck¦‡ii msL¨v †Kvb µ‡gB GKvwaK bq| cÖwZwU e¨w³i
wbR¯^ eyw×e„wËK mËv i‡q‡Q| Ck¦i hw` msL¨vq wZbRbB n‡eb
Zvn‡j wZbwU ¯^Zš¿ e¨w³mËv I _vKvi K_v| hw` GUvB ejv nq
†h GKwU gvÎ mËvB weivRgvb Zvn‡j GUvI mZ¨ †h msL¨vi w`K
w`‡qI Ck¦i GKRbB|
†mvwKqvbvm †h hyw³ w`‡q wÎZ¡ev‡`i welq LÊb K‡i‡Qb Zv
nj hxïi GKB mv‡_ `yÕwU ˆewkó¨ _vKv m¤¢e bq| wZwb e‡jb,
GKB e¨w³i g‡a¨ `yÕwU wecixZ ¸Y ev ˆewkó¨ m¤úbœ mËvi
mgv‡ek NU‡Z cv‡i bv| Avi G ai‡bi ˆewk󨸇jv nj
giYkxjZv I A-giYkxjZv, Avw` I Abvw`, cwieZ©b I
cwieZ©bnxbZv| Avevi `yÕwU ˆewkó¨ hvi cÖwZwU GKwU c„_K
e¨w³mËv MV‡b m¶g, GK e¨w³i g‡a¨ Zv‡`i mgš^q Kiv †h‡Z
cv‡i bv| ZvB GKR‡bi cwie‡Z© cÖ‡qvR‡bi ZvwM‡`B G‡¶‡Î
`yÕe¨w³i D™¢e N‡U Ges cwiYwZ‡Z `yÕRbB hxï L„‡ó cwiYZ nb|
GKRb Ck¦i, Ab¨Rb gvbyl| PvP© e‡j †h whïwLª‡÷i Hk¦wiK I
gvbweK mËv i‡q‡Q †hgbwU gvbyl †`n I AvZ¥vi mgš^‡q MwVZ|
†mvwKqvbvm Reve †`b †h Df‡qi g‡a¨ Zzjbv P‡j bv| †Kbbv
GKRb gvby‡li †¶‡Î †`n I AvZ¥v Ggbfv‡e mshy³ †h GKRb
184 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
gvbyl ïay bv AvZ¥v bv kixi| ïay AvZ¥v ev ïay †`n w`‡q †Kvb
gvbyl m„wó nq bv| c¶vš—‡i Hkxkw³ wb‡RB cÖ‡qvR‡b GKwU
gvbyl m„wó K‡i| GKBfv‡e gvbyl wb‡RI GK c„_K e¨w³‡K m„wó
K‡i|
†mvwKqvbvm e‡jb, ïay ZvB bq, GUv evB‡e‡ji Kv‡QI
MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡e bv †h hxï L„‡ói Hk¦wiK ˆewkó¨ _vK‡Z n‡e|
cÖ_gZ, Ck¦i hxï‡K m„wó K‡i‡Qb| wØZxqZ, evB‡e‡ji g‡Z Zvi
meB Ck¦‡ii `vb| PZz_©Z, evB‡e‡j my®úófv‡e Avfvm †`Iqv
n‡q‡Q †h hxï mKj A‡jŠwKK NUbvi Drm wn‡m‡e Zvi wb‡Ri ev
†Kvb Hk¦wiK ¸‡bi K_v D‡jL K‡ibwb, eis Ck¦i‡KB Gm‡ei
Drm e‡j e¨³ K‡i‡Qb| hxï wb‡RI Ck¦‡ii B”Qvi welqwU ¯^xKvi
K‡i‡Qb|
†ijvÛ (Reland)- Gi ÔwnóvwiKvj A¨vÛ wµwUKvj
wi‡d¬Kkbm Avcb †gvnv‡gWvwbRg GÊ †mvwKqvwbRgÕ
(Historical and Critical Reflections upon
Mohammedanism and Socianism) MÖ‡š’ ivKvwfqvb
K¨v‡ZwmRg m¤úwK©Z e³‡e¨i wKQy Ask bx‡P †`qv nj:
whïwLª÷‡K Ck¦i e‡j wek¦vm Kivi K_v hviv e‡jb Zv ïay
mwVK hyw³i wecixZB bq, GgbwK Zv cweÎ evB‡e‡jI
cwicš’x Ges hviv wek¦vm K‡i †h ïay wcZvB bb, Zvi cyÎ
Ges cweÎ AvZ¥vI GKB Ck¦‡ii g‡a¨ Îqx mËv, ZvivI
gvivZ¥K åvwš—i g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q... Ck¦‡ii mËv AZ¨š— mnR Ges
m¤ú~Y© GKK| myZivs Zviv hw` wZb ¯^Zš¿ e¨w³ n‡q _v‡Kb
Zvn‡j Av‡iKRb Ck¦‡ii K_v ejv G‡Kev‡iB ci¯úi
we‡ivax Ges wcZv Zvi wbR¯^ mËvq GKwU mš—v‡bi Rb¥`vb
K‡i‡Qb e‡j Avgv‡`i cÖwZc‡¶i `ye©j ¶z`ª hyw³ D™¢U I
AcÖvmw½K... wbwmqvi KvDw݇ji mgq ch©š— mKj mgq Ges
wKQy mgq ciI mgmvgwqK‡`i †jLvq wcZv Ck¦i‡KB cÖK…Z
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 185
Ck¦i e‡j ¯^xKvi Kiv nZ e‡j †`Lv hvq| hviv wecixZ g‡Zi
AwaKvix wQ‡jb, †hgb mv‡ewjqvb (Sabellian) Ges Zvi
mggbv‡`i cÖPwjZ ag©gZ we‡ivax e‡j MY¨ Kiv n‡Zv...
whïwLª÷ we‡ivax †PZbv L„óxq Pv‡P©i g‡a¨ mePvB‡Z †ewk
gvivZ¥K fy‡ji cÖPjb K‡i‡Q GB gZev‡` †h Ck¦‡ii AZ¨š—
mnR mËvq i‡q‡Q wZb Rb ¯^Zš¿ e¨w³ hv‡`i cÖ‡Z¨‡KB GK
GKRb Ck¦i Ges wcZvB ïay GKgvÎ cÖK…Z Ck¦i bb, cyZ
Ges cweÎ AvZ¥vI Aek¨B GKB iKg Ck¦i| m‡Z¨i Gi
†P‡q AwaK Aev¯—e, AwaK Am¤¢e Ges Acjvc Avi n‡Z
cv‡i bv... L„óvbivI wek¦vm K‡i †h hxï L„ó Avg‡`i cv‡ci
cÖvqwð‡Ëi R‡b¨B g„Zz¨eiY K‡i‡Qb Ges Avgv‡`i cv‡ci
övjb K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ GB gZ wg_¨v, åvwš—c~Y© I
¶wZKviK|24
†mvwKqvbvm e‡j‡Qb †h wÎZ¡ev` MÖn‡Yi Ab¨Zg GKwU KviY
nj †cŠËwjK `k©b| †Uvj¨v‡Ûi Òw` bvRv‡iwbmÓ (Nazarenes)
MÖ‡š’ †m Avfvm †`Iqv n‡q‡Q:
†mvwKqvbv‡mi gZvbymvix Ges Ab¨vb¨ GKZ¡vev`xiv AZ¨š—
Av¯’vi mv‡_ e‡jb †h hviv Bqvû`x m¤úÖ`vq fy³ wQj bv ZvivB
L„óa‡g© Zv‡`i mv‡eK GKvwaK Ck¦iev` I g„Z gvbyl‡K Ck¦iZ¡
Av‡iv‡ci gZev` cÖPjb K‡i‡Q: G¸‡jv‡Z L„óa‡g©i bvg envj
i‡q‡Q wKš‘ wel‡qi Avg~j cwieZ©b n‡q †M‡Q Ges mKj gZ I
cÖ_vi mv‡_ msMwZ †i‡L wb‡R‡`i ¯^v‡_© I cÖ‡qvR‡b Giv Zv Kv‡R
jvMv‡”Q|25
GUv my¯úó †h †mvwKqvbv‡mi iPbv e¨vcKfv‡e M„nxZ
n‡qwQj| wZwb Rbmvavi‡Yi Kv‡Q hxï †K wQ‡jb Ges Kx Rb¨
wZwb G‡mwQ‡jb †m e¨vcv‡i mwVK wPÎB ïay Zz‡j a‡ibwb, Dciš‘
gvby‡li Dci PvP© †h wecyj ¶gZv cÖ‡qvM KiZ, Zvi AwaKvskB
aŸsm K‡iwQ‡jb| †mvwKqvbv‡mi †kÖôZ¡ GLv‡b †h wZwb Ggb GK
186 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
ag©g‡Zi aviK wQ‡jb hv wQj †hŠw³K Ges evB‡ejwfwËK| Zvi
we‡ivax‡`i c‡¶ Zvi gZvgZ evwZj Kiv AZ¨š— KwVb wQj|
D`vniY wn‡m‡e GKwU NUbvi K_v ejv hvq| 1680 L„. †ifv‡iÊ
RR© A¨vkI‡qj (Ashwell) hLb †`L‡jb †h †mvwKqvbv‡mi
MÖš’¸‡jv Zvi Qv·`i g‡a¨ AZ¨š— RbwcÖq n‡q DV‡Q ZLb wZwb
wb‡R †mvwKqvb a‡g©i Dci GKwU MÖš’ iPbvi wm×vš— †bb|
†mvwKqvbvm m¤ú‡K© Zvi g~j¨vqb AZ¨š— †KŠZzn‡jvÏxcK †h‡nZz
wZwb G g~j¨vqb K‡i‡Qb GKRb kΓ wn‡m‡e:
G m¤úÖ`v‡qi cÖwZôvZv I c„ô‡cvlK GK AZ¨š— gnr e¨w³
hvi g‡a¨ mKj ¸‡Yi mgv‡ek N‡UwQj Ges wZwb gvby‡li kÖ×v I
cÖksmv AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb| hv‡`i mv‡_ wZwb K_v ej‡Zb Zv‡`i
mKj‡KB wZwb gy» Ki‡Zb| wZwb mK‡ji g‡b kÖ×v I
fv‡jvevmvi Qvc †i‡LwQ‡jb| wZwb Zvi cÖwZfvi †kÖôZ¡ cÖ`k©b
K‡iwQ‡jb| Zvi hyw³ web¨vm wQj AZ¨š— †Rviv‡jv, wZwb wQ‡jb
weivU evM¥x| Zvi m`&¸Y mK‡ji Kv‡QB wQj AmvaviY| Zvi gnr
PwiÎ I Rxeb wQj D`vniY‡hvM¨ Ges †m Kvi‡YB wZwb gvby‡li
kÖ×v jvf K‡i‡Qb|
Gme K_v ejvi ci A¨vkI‡qj e‡j‡Qb †h †Kvwmqvbvm
wQ‡jb ÒkqZv‡bi eo duvm ev duv`|Ó 26
Z‡e AvR‡Ki w`‡b eû L„óvbB †mvwKqvbvm m¤ú‡K© †ifv‡iÊ
A¨vkI‡q‡ji ¯^we‡ivax gš—‡e¨i mv‡_ GKgZ bb| Kvh©Z
†mvwKqvbv‡mi cÖwZ mnvbyf~wZ e¨vcKfv‡e evo‡Q| †h wbg©gfv‡e
GB gZev` `gb Kiv n‡qwQj Zv‡Z A‡b‡Ki mnvbyf~wZiB D‡`ªK
K‡i| Dciš‘ wÎZ¡ev‡`i cÖwZ mywbw`©ó weiƒc cÖwZwµqv i‡q‡Q| eû
wPš—vkxj L„óvb †mvwKqvbv‡mi wek¦vm‡K mg_©b Ges hxïL„ó‡K Ck¦i
†NvlYvi ag©gZ‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb Ki‡Qb|
Rb weWj (John Biddle) 1615-1662 L„.
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 187
Bsj¨v‡Ê GKZ¡ev‡`i RbK Rb weWj 1615 L„. Rb¥MÖnY
K‡ib| wZwb AZ¨š— †gavex QvÎ wQ‡jb| wZwb we`¨veywׇZ Zvi
wk¶K‡`i Qvwo‡q wM‡qwQ‡jb Ges wb‡RB wb‡Ri wk¶‡K cwiYwZ
n‡qwQ‡jb e‡j ewY©Z Av‡Q| 22 wZwb 1634 L„. A·‡dvW©
wek¦we`¨vj‡q fwZ© nb| 1638 L„. wZwb we.Gm. Ges 1641 L„.
Gg.Gm. wWwMÖ jvf K‡ib| A·‡dvW© Z¨v‡Mi ci wZwb M­y†Póv‡i
†mÈ †gwi `¨ wµcm wd« ¯‹z‡j wk¶K wbhy³ nb| GLv‡b wZwb Zvi
ag© wek¦vm cybwe©‡ePbv Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡ib Ges G ch©v‡q wÎZ¡ev`x
ag©g‡Zi ˆeaZvi e¨vcv‡i Zvi g‡b m‡›`n RvM‡Z ïi“ K‡i| †m
mgq †mvwKqvbv‡mi gZ I iPbv Bsj¨v‡Ê †cuŠQ‡Z ïi“ K‡iwQj|
wZwbI BD‡ivcxq GKZ¡ev`x‡`i Øviv cÖfvweZ nb| ivRv †Rgm‡K
DrmM© Kiv iv‡Kvwfqvb K¨v‡_wmRg Gi j¨vwUb fvlvq Abyw`Z
GKwU MÖš’ Bsj¨v‡Û †cÖiY Kiv nq| 1614 L„. Rj­v` cÖKv‡k¨ Zv
cywo‡q †`q| hw`I MÖš’wU cywo‡q †djv nq wKš‘ Zvi welqe¯‘
Rbg‡b AvMÖ‡ni m„wó K‡i| G NUbvi wb›`v Rvbv‡bvi c`‡¶c
†bqv nq| µgI‡q‡ji Aax‡b KvDwÝj Ae †óU KZ©…K Rb
I‡qb‡K †mvwKqvbv‡mi ag©gZ Lʇbi `vwqZ¡ cÖ`vb Kiv nq|
wZwb e‡jb, †f‡ev bv †h Gme wRwb‡mi mv‡_ †Zvgv‡`i m¤úK©
AwZ mvgvb¨| kqZvb GLb `iRvq G‡m `uvwo‡q‡Q| GLb
Bsj¨v‡Êi GKwU bMi, kni ev MÖvgI †bB †hLv‡b G wel‡q wKQy bv
wKQy Ask Qwo‡q c‡owb|28
Pv‡P©i M„nxZ ag©gZ mgybœZ ivLvi G †Póv we‡ivwaZvi m¤§yLxb
nq| BDwjqvg wjwjsIqv_© (1602-1644L„.) gvby‡li wbh©vZb,
cywo‡q gviv, Awfkvc cÖ`vb I ¶wZ Kivi gZ AcKg©¸‡jv‡K
Ck¦i KZ©…K gvby‡li R‡b¨ wba©vwiZ bq e‡j wb›`v K‡ib| 29
†R‡iwg †Uji I wgjUb Df‡qB e‡jb †h ag© wek¦v‡mi AbymiY
ag©‡`ªvwnZv bq| †KD hw` Amr D‡Ïk¨ Øviv cÖfvweZ nq Zvn‡j
†mUvB ¶wZKi|30 G weZK© Qwo‡q c‡o Ges wÎZ¡ev‡`i
188 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
Abymvixiv Av‡iv c`‡¶c MÖnY K‡i| 1640 L„. Ryb gv‡m
K¨v›Uvi‡ewi I Bq‡K©i m‡¤§j‡b †mvwKqvbv‡mi MÖš’mg~‡ni
Avg`vwb, gy`ªY I weZiY wbwl× †`qv nq Ges ûuwkqvi K‡i †`qv
nq †h G ag©g‡Z †KD wek¦vm ¯’vcb Ki‡j Zv‡K wMR©v n‡Z
ewn®‹vi Kiv n‡e| GK`j †jLK I eyw×Rxex G wm×v‡š—i wb›`v
Ki‡jI djcÖm~ nqwb|
cybg©~j¨vqb I bZzb cix¶vi G cwi‡e‡k we‡kl K‡i
wÎZ¡ev`mn wewfbœ wel‡q weW‡ji wb‡Ri g‡ZI cwieZ©b mvwaZ
nq| wZwb Zvi Dcjä wek¦vm m¤ú‡K© †LvjvLywj K_vevZ©v ej‡Z
_v‡Kb| Gi dj wn‡m‡e g¨vwR‡óªUMY 1644 L„. Zv‡K wjwLZfv‡e
ag©xq ¯^xKv‡ivw³i wb‡`©k cÖ`vb K‡ib| Lye mnR fvlvq wZwb †mUv
K‡ib| Avwg wek¦vm Kwi Ck¦i bv‡g GKRbB me©kw³gvb mËv
i‡q‡Qb| myZivs Ck¦i GKRbB|31
weWj G mgq GKwU cÖPvicÎI cÖKvk K‡ib| Gi wk‡ivbvg
wQj, ÒcweÎ AvZ¥vi Ck¦iZ¡ LÊb K‡i 12 wU hyw³Ó (Twelve
Arguments Refuting the Deity of the Holy Spirit)
ÒL„óvb cvVK mgvR‡K m‡¤^vab K‡i GwU cÖKvk Kiv nq| 1645
L„. G MÖš’wU AvUK Ges weWj‡K KvivMv‡i Aš—wib Kiv nq| Zv‡K
cvj©v‡g‡›Ui mvg‡b Dcw¯’Z nIqvi Rb¨ Zje Kiv nq, wKš‘ wZwb
cweÎ AvZ¥v‡K Ck¦i wn‡m‡e †g‡b wb‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡ib| 1647
L„. wZwb Avevi cÖPvicÎ cybg©y`ªY K‡ib| G eQiB 6 †m‡Þ¤^i
cvj©v‡g›U cÖPvicθ‡jv cywo‡q †`qvi R‡b¨ Rj­v `‡K wb‡`©k †`q
Ges Zv cvwjZ nq| 1648 mv‡ji 2 †g GK K‡Vvi Aa¨v‡`k
Rvwi Kiv nq| G‡Z ejv nq †h †KD hw` wÎZ¡ev‡`, A_ev hxï
A_ev cweÎ AvZ¥v‡K A¯^xKvi K‡i, Zv‡K g„Zz¨`Ê †`Iqv n‡e|
†h MÖ‡š’i Kvi‡Y GB K‡Vvi kvw¯—i weavb Rvwi Kiv nq, †mB
ÒUz‡qjf Av¸©‡g›UmÓ Gi mvivsk wbgœiƒc:
1) †h Ck¦i †_‡K c„_K †m Ck¦i bq
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 189
cweÎ AvZ¥v Ck¦i †_‡K c„_K
AZGe, cweÎ AvZ¥v Ck¦i bq|
weWj wb‡æv³ e³‡e¨i gva¨‡g G hyw³i e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb K‡ib:
cÖavb m~ÎwU AZ¨š— my¯úó †h hw` Avgiv ewj †h cweÎ
AvZ¥vB Ck¦i Ges Zvici hw` Zv‡K Ck¦i †_‡K ¯^Zš¿,
mgMÖ evB‡ej Zv Øviv mgw_©Z| cweÎ AvZ¥v e¨w³ wn‡m‡e
Ck¦i †_‡K wfbœ wKš‘ mËv wn‡m‡e bq, Giƒc hyw³B hyw³
wei“×|
cÖ_gZ, †Kvb gvby‡li c‡¶ Ck¦i mËv †_‡K e¨w³‡K
c„_K Kiv Ges Zvi g‡b `yÕwU ev wZbwU mËv‡K VuvB
†`Iqv Am¤¢e| Gi dj wn‡m‡e †m `yÕRb Ck¦i i‡q‡Q
e‡j wm×vš— wb‡Z eva¨ n‡e|
wØZxqZ, e¨w³‡K hw` Ck¦‡ii mËv †_‡K c„_K Kiv nq
ZLb e¨w³ GK ai‡bi ¯^vaxb e¯‘ n‡q DV‡e Ges Zv nq
mxgve× bq A-mxgve× n‡e| hw` mxgve× nq Zvn‡j
Ck¦iI GKRb mxgve× mËv †h‡nZz PvP© Abymv‡i Ck¦‡ii
ga¨Kvi mewKQyB ¯^qs Ck¦i| myZivs G‡¶‡Î wm×vš— n‡e
Aev¯—e| hw` A-mxgve× nq Zvn‡j Ck¦‡ii g‡a¨I `yÕRb
A-mxgve× e¨w³ _vK‡eb A_©vr `yÕRb Ck¦i hv Av‡Mi
hyw³i †P‡q Av‡iv Aev¯—e|
Z…ZxqZ, Ck¦i m¤ú‡K© ˆbe©¨w³K wKQy ejv nvm¨Ki †h‡nZz
cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³ KZ©…K GK_v ¯^xK…Z †h Ck¦i GKRb e¨w³i
bvg whwb me©kw³gvb kvmbKvix... GKRb e¨w³ Qvov
†KD Ab¨‡`i Dci kvmb we¯—vi Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| myZivs
Zv‡K e¨w³i e`‡j Ab¨ wKQy wn‡m‡e MÖnY Kivi A_© wZwb
hv bb Zv‡K †m wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv|
2) whwb BmivBj‡`i cweÎ AvZ¥v w`‡qwQ‡jb wZwb wh‡nvfv
myZivs cweÎ AvZ¥v wh‡nvfv ev Ck¦i bb|
190 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
3) whwb wb‡Ri K_v e‡jb bv wZwb Ck¦i bb|
cweÎ AvZ¥v wb‡Ri K_v e‡jb bv|
myZivs cweÎ AvZ¥v Ck¦i bb|
4) whwb wk¶v jvf K‡ib wZwb Ck¦i bb
whwb wK ej‡eb Zv A‡b¨i
KvQ †_‡K †kv‡bb †mUvB nj wk¶v
hxï L„ó ZvB ej‡Zb hv Zv‡K ejv nZ|
myZivs hxï Ck¦i bb|
GLv‡b weWj R‡bi Mm‡cj (8 : 26) DׄZ K‡i‡Qb †hLv‡b
hxï e‡j‡Qb: ÒAvwg Zuvi (Ck¦i) KvQ †_‡K hv ï‡bwQ †m me
K_vB ewj|Ó
5) R‡bi Mm‡cj-G (16 : 14) hxï e‡jb :
Ck¦i wZwb whwb mKj‡K me wKQy w`‡q‡Qb|
whwb A‡b¨i KvQ †_‡K wKQy MÖnY
K‡ib wZwb Ck¦i bb|
6) whwb Ab¨ KZ©…K †cÖwiZ wZwb Ck¦i bb|
cweÎ AvZ¥v Ck¦i †cÖwiZ|
myZivs cweÎ AvZ¥v Ck¦i bb|
7) whwb mewKQy w`‡Z cv‡ib bv wZwb Ck¦i bb|
whwb Ck¦‡ii `vb, wZwb me©`vZv bb
wZwb wb‡RB Ck¦‡ii cÖ`Ë `vb
wKQy `vb Kiv `vZvi kw³ I wbR¯^ B”Qvaxb
myZivs GUv Kíbv KivB Aev¯—e
†h Ck¦i Kv‡iv kw³ I B”Qvaxb|
GLv‡b weWj †cÖwiZ‡`i Kvh©vejx 17 : 25 DׄZ K‡i‡Qb :
Ck¦i mKj‡K w`‡q‡Qb cÖvY, k¦vm- cÖk¦vm Ges mewKQy|
8) whwb ¯’vb cwieZ©b K‡ib wZwb Ck¦i bb
cweÎ AvZ¥v ¯’vb cwieZ©b K‡ib
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 191
myZivs cweÎ AvZ¥v Ck¦i bb|
weWj GB hyw³i e¨vL¨v w`‡q‡Qb Gfv‡e : Òhw` Ck¦i ¯’vb
cwieZ©b K‡ib Zvn‡j †hLv‡b wZwb Av‡M wQ‡jb †mLv‡b wZwb
_vK‡eb bv Ges †hLv‡b wZwb Av‡M wQ‡jb bv †mLv‡b hvÎv ïi“
Ki‡eb| GUv Zvi me©Î weivRgvb _vKv I Ck¦i‡Z¡i we‡ivax|
myZivs hxïi Kv‡Q whwb G‡mwQ‡jb wZwb Ck¦i bb eis Ck¦‡ii
bv‡g GKRb ¯^M©xq `~Z|
9) whwb wm×v‡š—i R‡b¨ hxïi Kv‡Q cÖv_©bv
K‡ib wZwb Ck¦i bb
cweÎ AvZ¥v Ck¦i bb|
10) †ivgxq 10 : 14 G ejv n‡q‡Q:
Òhvi K_v Zviv †kv‡bwb Zv‡K Zviv Kxfv‡e wek¦vm
Ki‡e? gvbyl
hvi cÖwZ wek¦vm ¯’vcb K‡iwb, ZeyI wQj Zviv Abymvix|Ó
hvi cÖwZ wek¦vm ¯’vwcZ nqwb wZwb Ck¦i bb|
gvbyl cweÎ AvZ¥vi cÖwZ wek¦vm ¯’vcb K‡iwb
ZeyI Zviv Zvi Abymvix
myZivs cweÎ AvZ¥v Ck¦i bb|
11) whwb A‡b¨i gvidZ Ck¦‡ii K_v Rvb‡Z cv‡ib. †hgb
hxï, wZwb hv ej‡eb Zv Ck¦i †_‡K ¯^Zš¿|
whwb Ck¦‡ii KvQ †_‡K wb‡`©k MÖnY K‡ib
I e‡jb Zv Ck¦‡ii wk¶v
cweÎ AvZ¥v †mUvB K‡ib
AZGe cweÎ AvZ¥v Ck¦i bb|
12) Ck¦i †_‡K whwb ¯^Zš¿ B”Qv iv‡Lb wZwb Ck¦i bb
cweÎ AvZ¥v Ck¦i †_‡K ¯^Zš¿ B”Qv iv‡Lb
myZivs cweÎ AvZ¥v Ck¦i bb|
192 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
GLv‡b weWj †ivgxq 8 : 26-27 DׄwZ K‡i‡Qb hv‡Z ejv
n‡q‡Q : ÒAbyiƒcfv‡e cweÎ AvZ¥v Avgv‡`i cÖv_©bv Ki‡Z
wkwL‡q‡Qb, KviY Avgiv Zv RvbZvg bv| cweÎ AvZ¥v Avgv‡`i
Rb¨ KvZifv‡e cÖv_©bv K‡i‡Qb... Ck¦‡ii B”Qvbyhvqx mvay- mš—‡`i
R‡b¨I wZwb mycvwik K‡i‡Qb|Ó
weWj wbD †Uóv‡g‡›Ui GKwU †k­vKI Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb hv
cÖwZwôZ PvP© wÎZ¡ev‡`i e¨vcv‡i Zv‡`i mg_©‡b DׄZ K‡i _v‡K|
Zv nj R‡bi Mm‡c‡j (5 t7) ejv n‡q‡Q : Ò3wU welq i‡q‡Q hv
Hkx| †m¸‡jv nj wcZv Ck¦i, evYx I cweÎ AvZ¥v| Avi GB
wZ‡b wg‡j GK|Ó weWj e‡jb, G †k­vK mvaviY Áv‡b ci¯úi
we‡ivax| Dciš‘ Zv ag©MÖš’¸‡jvi Ab¨vb¨ †k­v†KiI we‡ivax|
ZvQvov GUv Zv‡`i HKgZ¨‡KB Zz‡j a‡i, KL‡bvB mËvi bq|
Z`ycwi, GgbwK cÖvPxb MÖxK Mm‡c‡jI G †k­vKwU †`Lv hvq bv
†hgb Zv †bB wmixq Abyev‡` Ges AwZ cÖvPxb j¨vwUb ms¯‹i‡Y|
ZvB g‡b nq †h G †k­vKwU ms‡hvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges †m Kvi‡Y
cÖvPxb I AvaywbK Kv‡ji e¨vL¨vKvi MY Zv cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i‡Qb| 32
1648 mv‡ji AvBb m‡Ë¡I weWj Giv `yÕwU MÖš’ cÖKvk K‡ib
Ges G Kvi‡Y nq‡Zv Zv‡K duvwm‡Z Szj‡Z nZ hw` bv
cvj©v‡g‡›Ui K‡qKRb wbi‡c¶ m`m¨ Zv‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Zb|
GKwU cyw¯—Kvi bvg wQj ÒG Kb‡dkb Ae †dB_ UvwPs w` nwj
wUªwbwU A¨vKwW©s Uz w` w¯ŒcPviÓ (A confession of Faith
Touching the Holy Trinity According to the
Scirpture)| 6wU cÖeÜ wb‡q G MÖš’wU cÖYxZ n‡qwQj| cÖwZwU
cÖeÜB iwPZ n‡qwQj evB‡e‡ji DׄwZ I Zvi hyw³-ZK© w`‡q|
f~wgKvq wZwb wÎZ¡ev`x ag©g‡Zi Kvi‡Y m„ó ¶wZi K_v ewjôZvi
mv‡_ e¨³ K‡ib| wZwb e‡jb †h wÎZ¡ev`x‡`i e¨eüZ hyw³mg~n
L„óvb‡`i †P‡q Rv`yKi‡`i R‡b¨ †ewk Dchy³| 33 weWj Gi GB
ÒKb‡dkb Ae †nB_Ó MÖ‡š’i wKQy Ask DׄZ Kiv nj:
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 193
Avwg wek¦vm Kwi †h GKRb m‡e©v”P Ck¦i i‡q‡Qb whwb ¯^M© I
c„w_exi mªóv Ges mKj e¯‘i g~j Drm Ges wZwbB Avg‡`i P~ovš—
wek¦vm I cÖv_©bvi j¶¨| Avwg hxï‡Z wek¦vm Kwi G ch©š— †h wZwb
Avgv‡`i fvB n‡Z cv‡ib Ges Avgv‡`i `ye©jZvi cÖwZ Zvi i‡q‡Q
mnvbyf~wZ †h Kvi‡Y Avgv‡`i mvnv‡h¨i R‡b¨ wZwb AwaK cÖ¯‘Z|
wZwb GKRb gvbyl gvÎ| wZwb mªóvi Aaxb| wZwb Ab¨ GKRb
Ck¦i bb| Ck¦i `yÕRb bq|
cweÎ AvZ¥v GKRb ¯^M©xq `~Z whwb Zvi gnË¡ I Ck¦‡ii mv‡_
Nwbô m¤ú‡K©i Kvi‡Y Ck¦‡ii evYx en‡bi R‡b¨ wbe©vwPZ
n‡q‡Qb|34
G mgq weWj Ab¨ †h MÖšw’ U cÖKvk K‡ib †mwUi bvg Ôw`
†UwógwbR Ae Bivwbqvm, Rvwób gvwU©qvi Kbmvwb©s Iqvb MW A¨vÛ
w` cvimbm Aew` nwj wUªwbwU (Testimonies of Iraneus,
Justin Martyr Etc. Conerning one God and the
Persons of the Holy Trinity)|
KvivMv‡i `xN©w`b A‡c¶vi ci GKRb g¨vwR‡óªU weW‡ji
Rvwgb gÄyi K‡ib Ges wZwb Kvivgy³ nb| wbivcËvi Kvi‡Y D³
g¨vwR‡óª‡Ui bvg †Mvcb ivLv nq| wKš‘ weWj †ewkw`b gy³ Rxeb
KvUv‡Z cv‡ibwb| Zv‡K Avevi KvivMv‡i wb‡¶c Kiv nq| Gi
ciciB g¨vwR‡óªU ci‡jvKMgb K‡ib| wZwb weW‡ji R‡b¨
mvgvb¨ m¤ú` †i‡L hvb| Kviv Rxe‡bi e¨vq †gUv‡Z Lye wkMwMiB
Zv wbt‡kl n‡q hvq| wKQyKv‡ji weW‡ji Avnvi mKvj I mܨvq
mvgvb¨ cwigvY `y‡a gvÎ G‡m †V‡K| Z‡e G mgq KvivMv‡i _vKv
Ae¯’vq evB‡e‡ji MÖxK Abyev‡`i GKwU bZzb ms¯‹i‡Yi cÖ“d
†`‡L †`Iqvi R‡b¨ jʇbi GKRb cÖKvkK Zv‡K cÖ“dwiWvi
wbhy³ Kivq weW‡ji Avw_©K Ae¯’vi wKQyUv DbœwZ N‡U| 1652 L„.
¶gv cÖ`k©b AvBb cvm n‡j weWj gyw³ jvf K‡ib| G eQiB
194 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
AvgóvW©v‡g iv‡Kvwfqvb K¨v‡_wmRg Gi GKwU Bs‡iwR Abyev`
cÖKvwkZ nq| Awej‡¤^B Zv Bsj¨v‡Ê RbwcÖq n‡q I‡V|
weWj 1654 L„. AvgóvW©v‡g GKZ¡ev` wel‡q cybivq GKwU
MÖš’ cÖKvk K‡ib| Bsj¨v‡Ê G MÖš’wUI e¨vcKfv‡e cwVZ nq|
¯^vaxb Rxe‡bi G mgqKvjwU‡Z weWj cÖwZ iweevi Zv‡`i wbR¯^
ixwZ‡Z Ck¦‡ii Dcvmbvi R‡b¨ Ab¨vb¨ GKZ¡ev`xi mv‡_ wgwjZ
n‡Zb| G‡Z hviv †hvM`vb Ki‡Zb Zviv Avw` cv‡ci aviYv I
cÖvqwðË gZev‡` wek¦vmx wQ‡jb bv| 1654 L„. 13 wW‡m¤^i
weWj‡K cybivq †MÖdZvi K‡i KvivMv‡i cvVv‡bv nq| Zv‡K Kjg,
Kvwj I KvMR cÖ`vb wbwl× Kiv nq Ges †Kvb `k©bv_©x‡KI Zvi
mv‡_ mv¶vr Kivi AbygwZ †`Iqv nqwb| Zvi me MÖš’ R¡vwj‡q
†djvi wb‡`©k †`Iqv nq| wZwb Avwcj K‡ib Ges 1655 L„. 28
†g gyw³ cvb|
Aíw`‡bi g‡a¨B weWj cybivq KZ©…c‡¶i mv‡_ msN‡l© Rwo‡q
c‡ob| GKwU cÖKvk¨ weZK© AbywôZ nw”Qj| e³v weZ‡K©i
ïi“‡ZB wRÁvmv K‡ib †h hxï‡K m‡e©v”P Ck¦i e‡j Awek¦vm
K‡ib Ggb †Kvb e¨w³ †mLv‡b Dcw¯’Z Av‡Qb wKbv| weWj mv‡_
mv‡_ AZ¨š— `„pZvi mv‡_ ej‡jb : Avwg Awek¦vm Kwi| wZwb Zvi
e³‡e¨i mc‡¶ hyw³ w`‡Z ïi“ K‡ib| Zvi cÖwZc¶ †mme hyw³
LÊb Ki‡Z cvi‡jb bv| ZLb weZK© eÜ Ges Ab¨ w`b Zv cybivq
AbywôZ n‡e e‡j wm×vš— †bqv nq| weWj‡K KZ©…c‡¶i Kv‡Q †bqv
nq| weZ‡K©i wba©vwiZ w`‡bi GKw`b Av‡M Avevi Zv‡K †MÖdZvi
Kiv nq| m¤¢eZ †m mgq Ggb †Kvb AvBb †mLv‡b ejer wQj bv
hvi e‡j Zv‡K kvw¯— †`Iqv †hZ| Zvi eÜziv GK_v Rvb‡Zb e‡j
mivmwi µgI‡q‡ji Kv‡Q Av‡e`b Rvbv‡bvi wm×vš— wb‡jb| Zviv
GKwU Av‡e`b cÎ cÖ¯‘Z K‡i µgI‡q‡ji Kv‡Q †cÖiY K‡ib|
wKš‘ Zvi Kv‡Q †cuŠQv‡bvi Av‡M †m Av‡e`b cÎwU Ggbfv‡e
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 195
cwiewZ©Z I weK…Z Kiv nq †h Av‡e`bKvixiv †mUv‡K Rvj e‡j
cÖKv‡k¨ `vwqZ¡ A¯^xKvi K‡ib|
µgI‡qj GB RwUj Ae¯’v †_‡K gyw³ cvIqvi cš’v wn‡m‡e
1655 L„. 5 A‡±vei weWj‡K wmwmwj‡Z wbe©vwmZ K‡ib| Zv‡K
evwK Rxeb †m›U †gwi K¨vm‡ji KvivMv‡i _vK‡Z n‡e Ges evwl©K
100 µvDb fvZv †`Iqv n‡e e‡j Rvbv‡bv nq| †mLv‡b Kvivew›`
_vKv Kv‡j weWj GKwU KweZv wj‡LwQ‡jb| Zvi wKQy Ask
wbæiƒc:
¸ß mfvi ˆeVK emj, wePviK wba©vwiZ nj,
gvbyl Av‡ivnY Kij Ck¦‡ii wmsnvm‡b
Ges Zviv GKwU wel‡qi wePvi Kij
hv ïay GKv ZviB (Ck¦‡ii) †kvfv cvq;
GKRb fvB‡qi wek¦vm‡K Zviv ejj Aciva
Ges Zviv aŸsm Kij wPš—vi gnr ¯^vaxbZv|36
weWj hZ †ewk AZ¨vPvwiZ n‡jb, PvP© mgw_©Z a‡g©i åvwš—
mg~‡ni e¨vcv‡i Zvi g‡bvfve ZZ †ewk `„p nj| Ugvb dviwgb
AZx‡ZI weWj‡K mvnvh¨ K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb weWj‡K mvnvh¨ Kiv
Ae¨vnZ †i‡L Zv‡K A_© mvnvh¨ w`‡Z _v‡Kb| Gi d‡j KvivMv‡i
Zvi RxebhvÎv hZUv m¤¢e Avivg`vqK n‡q D‡VwQj| BwZg‡a¨
weW‡ji cÖwZ mnvbyf~wZ e¨vcKfv‡e e„w× cvq| KvivMv‡i hZB w`b
AwZevwnZ n‡Z _vKj Zvi RbwcÖqZv ZZ †ewk evo‡Z _vKj|
miKvi Wv: Rb I‡qb‡K weW‡ji wk¶vi cÖfv‡ei wei“‡× cvjUv
e¨e¯’v MÖn‡Yi wb‡`©k †`b| wZwb GK Rwic cwiPvjbv K‡ib|
G‡Z †`Lv hvq †h wecyj msL¨K Bs‡iRB GKZ¡ev`x| Gici wZwb
1655 L„. weW‡ji ag©g‡Zi Reve cÖKvk K‡ib| µgI‡q‡ji
c`‡¶c GK w`K w`‡q weWj‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i| miKvi cÖ`Ë
fvZvq weWj wQ‡jb Zvi kΓ‡`i bvMv‡ji evB‡i| Mfxi wPš—v I
cÖv_©bvi g‡a¨ Zvi w`b AwZevwnZ n‡Zv| 1658 L„. ch©š— wZwb
196 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
†m›U †gwii `y‡M© (Castle of St. Mary) e›`x Rxeb KvUvb| G
eQi Zvi gyw³i e¨vcv‡i Pvc e„w× cvIqvq wZwb gyw³ jvf K‡ib|
KvivMvi †_‡K evB‡i Avmvi ci ciB weWj Rbmfv Ki‡Z
ïi“ K‡ib| Gme mfvq wZwb Ck¦‡ii GKZ¡ m¤ú‡K© Ges
wÎZ¡ev‡`i AmviZv wel‡q evB‡ej †_‡K DׄwZ w`‡q hyw³Ñ e¨vL¨v
w`‡Zb| Gme Rbmfv GK ch©v‡q cÖv_©bv mfvq cwiYZ nq|
Bsj¨v‡Ê Av‡M KL‡bv GgbwU †`Lv hvqwb|
1662 L„. GK mfv Pjvi gvSc‡_ weWj I Zvi K‡qKRb
m½x‡K †MÖdZvi Kiv nq| Zv‡`i mevB‡K KvivMv‡i wb‡¶c Ges
Rvwg‡bi Av‡e`b bvgÄyi Kiv nq| ZLb Ggb †Kvb AvBb wQj bv
hv‡Z Zv‡`i kvw¯— †`Iqv hvq| ZvB, mvaviY AvB‡bB Zv‡`i
wePvi Kiv nq| weWj‡K GKkZ cvDÛ Rwigvbv K‡i D³ A_©
cwi‡kva bv Kiv ch©š— KvivMv‡i ivLvi wb‡`©k †`Iqv nq| Zvi
mn‡hvMx eÜz‡`i cÖ‡Z¨K‡K 20 cvDÛ K‡i Rwigvbv Kiv nq|
KvivMv‡i weW‡ji mv‡_ `ye©¨envi Kiv nq Ges Zv‡K e›`x ivLv nq
GK wbR©b cÖ‡Kv‡ô| KvivMv‡ii `~wlZ evZvm Ges wbtm½Zv wg‡j
Zv‡K †ivMMÖ¯— K‡i †Zv‡j| gvÎ cuvP mßv‡ni g‡a¨B Zvi g„Zz¨
N‡U| 1662 L„. 22 †m‡Þ¤^i Zv‡K mgvwnZ Kiv nq|
†h eQi weW‡ji g„Zz¨ nq, †m eQiB Kvh©Ki nq mgiƒc
weavb AvBb (Act of Uniformity)| Gi A_© nj weWj †h
cÖKvk¨ Dcvmbv mfvi c×wZ cÖPjb K‡iwQ‡jb Zv eÜ K‡i
†`Iqv| G AvB‡b 2,257 Rb hvRK‡K Zv‡`i RxweKv Pz¨Z Kiv
nq| Zv‡`i cwiYwZ AÁvZ| Z‡e GUv Rvbv hvq †h wÎZ¡ev`‡K
†g‡b wb‡Z A¯^xKvi Kivq Bsj¨v‡Ê Gmgq 8 nvRvi gvbyl
KvivMv‡ii Aš—iv‡j cÖvY nvivq| weW‡ji GK ¯§„wZ K_vi GK
†jLK wbivcËvi Kvi‡Y Zvi bvg AÁvZ iv‡Lb hw`I wZwb Zv
wj‡LwQ‡jb weW‡ji g„Zz¨i wek eQi ci| hv‡nvK, GZwKQyi ciI
GKZ¡ev` GKwU ag©gZ wn‡m‡e wU‡K _v‡K Ges Abymvix‡`i
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 197
msL¨vI e„w× cvq| Pv‡P©i a‡g© gvbyl‡K wdwi‡q Avbvi R‡b¨ ej
cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq| cwiYwZ‡Z Zv †mvwKqvbvm I weW‡ji cÖPvwiZ
g‡Zi Abymvix‡`i msL¨v e„wׇZ mvnvh¨ K‡i| †m hy‡Mi kxl©¯’vbxq
eyw×Rxex, wPš—vwe`MY †hgb wgjUb, m¨vi AvBRvK wbDUb I jK
Gi gZ e¨w³iv GK Ck¦‡i Av¯’v e¨³ K‡ib|
GKZ¡ev` wbg©~‡ji R‡b¨ KZ©…c¶ †h KZUv †ec‡ivqv n‡q
D‡VwQj, mswk­ó AvBb Rvwi †_‡K Zvi †gvUvgywU cwiPq cvIqv
hvq| 1664 L„. GK AvB‡b Pv‡P© †h‡Z A¯^xK…wZ ÁvcbKvix mKj
†jvK‡K wbe©vmb `Ê †`Iqv nq| †KD wd‡i G‡j Zvi R‡b¨ wQj
duvwm‡Z g„Zz¨`Ê| Pv‡P©i AbygwZ Qvov cuvP ev Z‡ZvwaK e¨w³i
Dcw¯’wZ m¤úbœ Pv‡P©i Abby‡gvw`Z †Kvb ag©xq mfvq †hvM`vb
Ki‡j Zv‡K Rwigvbv Kiv nZ| †KD hw` G Aciva wØZxqevi
KiZ Zv‡K Av‡gwiKvq wbe©vm‡b cvVv‡bv nZ| †KD wd‡i G‡j ev
cjvqb Ki‡j Zvi kvw¯— wQj hvRK- myweavnxb g„Zz¨`Ê| 1673 L„.
RvwiK…Z †Uó A¨v‡± (Test Act) ejv nq, 1664 L„. AvB‡b Dwj­-
wLZ kvw¯— QvovI hviv PvP© Ae Bsj¨v‡Êi cÖPvwjZ ag©vbyôvb cvjb
Ki‡e bv Zviv Av`vj‡Z Kv‡iv wei“‡× gvgjv Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv
A_ev †Kvb wePvi cv‡e bv| †m Gici †_‡K †Kvb wkïi
AwffveK n‡Z cvi‡e bv, †Kvb `vwqZ¡cÖvß n‡e bv, †Kvb m¤ú‡`i
ev †Kvb K‡g©i ev †Kvb `vbK…Z m¤ú‡`i AwaKvix n‡Z cvi‡e bv|
†KD hw` GB AvB‡bi Aax‡b Dwj­wLZ †Kvb KvR Kivi †Póv K‡i
Zvn‡j Zv‡K 5kÕ cvDÊ Rwigvbv Kiv n‡e| 1689 L„. mwnòyZv
AvBb (Toleration Act) Rvwi nq| wKš‘ wÎZ¡ev` †g‡b wb‡Z
A¯^xK…wZ ÁvcbKvix‡`i‡K GB AvB‡bi myweav †`qv nqwb|
GKZ¡ev`xiv mwnòyZv AvB‡bi AmwnòyZvi wb›`v K‡ib| cvj©v‡g›U
GKZ¡ev`‡K GK N„Y¨ ag©wei“×Zv (Obnoxious heresy)
AvL¨vwqZ K‡i Gi Reve †`q| G Aciv‡ai kvw¯— wQj mKj
bvMwiK AwaKvi we‡jvcmn 3 eQ‡ii Kviv`Ê| wKš‘ GZ wKQy
198 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
K‡iI gvby‡li gb †_‡K weW‡ji cÖPvwiZ ag©gZ AcmviY Kiv
hvqwb hw`I Gme AvB‡bi d‡j eû †jv‡Ki cÖKvk¨ ag© wek¦vm
e¨³ Kiv evavMÖ¯— nq| hv‡`i c‡¶ AvBb Agvb¨ I cÖKv‡k¨
wÎZ¡ev‡`i wb›`v Kiv m¤¢e wQj bv Zviv Zv‡`i ag©g‡Zi cÖwZ
we‡ivwaZv kvš— Kivi R‡b¨ my‡hv‡Mi A‡c¶vq _vKvi cš’v MÖnY
K‡i| †KD †KD G_vbvwmqvb ag©g‡Zi †h Ask Zv‡`i Kv‡Q
AMÖnY‡hvM¨, †m AskUzKz ev` †`q| †KD †KD Zv Ôc¨vwim K¬vK©Õ
(Parish Clerk) †K (Rb¥, g„Zz¨, weevn cÖf„wZi ZvwiL I weeiY
wjwce× Kivi `vwq‡Z¡ wb‡qvwRZ wMR©vi †Kivwb) w`‡q Zv cvV
KivZ| Rvbv hvq †h GK e¨w³ GKwU RbwcÖq wkKvi msMx‡Zi
my‡i GwU MvIqvi gva¨‡g Zvi AkÖ×v cÖ`k©b Ki‡Zb| Ab¨ GK
hvRK AvBb Aby‡gvw`Z wÎZ¡ev` ag©gZ cv‡Vi c~‡e© e‡jb:
fvBme, GUv †m›U G_vbvwmqv‡mi ag©gZ, wKš‘ Ck¦i bv Ki“K,
GUv †hb Ab¨vb¨ gvby‡li ag©gZ bv nq|37 Z‡e mvaviYZ:
GKZ¡ev`xiv cÖKv‡k¨ Zv‡`i ag©gZ †NvlYv Kivi mvnm Ki‡Zb
bv|
weWj wQ‡jb GKRb cwikÖgx cwÊZ Ges Zvi e³e¨ wQj Zvi
Mfxi Aa¨q‡bi dj| Zvi `„p wek¦vm wQj †h AKz‡Zvf‡q m‡Z¨i
evYx cÖKvk I cÖPv‡ii wfZi w`‡q wZwb gvby‡li †mev Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb| hw` Zvi cwiYwZ nq wb›`v I wbh©vZb, Z‡e ZvB †nvK|
wZwb `wi`ª, Kviv`Ê ev wbe©vm‡bi R‡b¨ cÖ¯‘Z wQ‡jb| wZwb
†P‡qwQ‡jb RbmvaviY `yY©xwZMÖ¯’ PvP© Z¨vM Ges †h †Kvb åvwš—‡K
cÖZ¨vL¨vb Ki“K| Zvi wQj AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi mvnm|
wgjUb (Milton) 1608-74 L„.
wgjUb wQ‡jb weW‡ji mgmvgwqK| weW‡ji g‡Zi mv‡_ Zvi
eû wgj wQj, wKš‘ wZwb weW‡ji gZ ¯úófvlx wQ‡jb bv|
KivMv‡i wZwb wbw¶ß n‡Z Pvbwb| ÒwUªwURAe Uªy wiwjwRqvbÓ
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 199
(Treatise of True Religion) bvgK `yÕL‡Êi GK MÖ‡š’ wZwb
e‡jb, Avwiqvb I †mvwKqvbiv wÎZ¡ev‡`i we‡ivax e‡j Awf‡hvM
Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zviv evB‡ej Ges †cÖwiZ‡`i ag©gZ Abyhvqx wcZv,
cyÎ I cweÎ AvZ¥vq wek¦vm Ki‡Z n‡e| wÎZ¡ev‡` e¨³ wÎ-Ck¦i
mn-mËv, wÎ-e¨w³Z¡‡K Zviv ag©hvRK‡`i Avwe®‹vi wn‡m‡e MY¨
K‡i Ges e‡j †h ag©MÖ‡š’ Gme †bB| Zv‡`i G wek¦vm mvaviY
†cÖ‡UóvÈ g‡Zi gZB ¯^”Q I cÖvÄj| mwVK e³‡e¨i ga¨ w`‡q
Zviv G D”Pgv‡M©i welqwU cÖKvk K‡i hv Rvbv AZ¨vek¨K| Zviv
g‡b K‡i, wÎZ¡ev`x‡`i ZË¡Ávb m¤^wjZ e³‡e¨i g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q
inm¨gq m~² †KŠkj, wKš‘ evB‡e‡j Zv mnR GK gZ gvÎ| 38
Ab¨ GKwU MÖ‡š’ wZwb Av‡iv ¯úófv‡e gZvgZ e¨³ K‡i‡Qb|
wZwb e‡jb †h †cvc, KvDwÝj, wekc I hvRK‡`i AwZ RNb¨
`y®‹g©Kvix I ˆ¯^ivPvix‡`i mvwi‡Z †kÖYxKiY Kiv DwPZ| wZwb
Av‡iv e‡jb, wewfbœ AvBb, Abyôvb I gZev` nj ¯^vaxbZvi Dci
AevwÃZ AvMÖvmb|39
G cÖL¨vZ Kwe cÖKv‡k¨ †`‡ki kvmb KZ©…c¶‡K AMÖvn¨
K‡ibwb, wKš‘ wZwb wb‡R‡K Pv‡P©i †Muvovwg I AmwnòyZvi wei“‡×
GKwU cÖwZev` wn‡m‡e cÖwZwôZ K‡ib| †ek wKQy kxl© eyw×Rxexi
gZ wZwbI Pv‡P© hvIqv eÜ K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jb| wgjUb m¤ú‡K© Wv:
Rbmb e‡j‡Qb : wZwb †cÖv‡Uóvȇ`i †Kvb kvLvi mv‡_ m¤ú„³
wQ‡jb bv| wZwb Kx wQ‡jb Zv Rvbvi PvB‡Z wZwb Kx wQ‡jb bv,
Avgiv †mUvB Rvwb| wZwb PvP© Ae †iv‡gi wKsev PvP© Ae Bsj¨v‡Êi
Abymvix wQ‡jb bv| cÖKv‡k¨ Zv‡K Dcvmbv Ki‡Z †`Lv hvqwb|
Zvi ˆ`bw›`b mgqm~wP‡Z cÖwZwU NÈv fvM Kiv wQj| †mLv‡b
Dcvmbvi R‡b¨ †Kvb mgq ivLv wQj bv| Zvi KvR Ges Zvi
a¨vbB wQj Zvi Dcvmbv|40
GUv ¯úó †h Wv. Rbmb (Dr. Johnson) wgjU‡bi †jLv
GKwU MÖš’ m¤ú‡K© AewnZ wQ‡jb bv| KviY wgjU‡bi g„Zz¨i cÖvq
200 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
†`okÕ eQi ci 1823 L„. G MÖš’wU Avwe®‹…Z nq| †nvqvBU n‡j
Iì †óU †ccvi Awd‡m (Old state paper office in
whitehall) cvÊywjwcwU Avwe®‹…Z nq| G‡Z bvg wQj : ÒG wUªwUR
wi‡jwUs Uz MWÓ (A Treatise relating to God)| wZwb hLb
µgI‡q‡ji †m‡µUvwi wQ‡jb ZLbB G MÖš’wU †jLv nq|
wbtm‡›`‡n, wgjUb Zuvi RxeÏkvq G MÖš’wU cÖKvk †nvK Zv Pvbwb|
G MÖ‡š’i cÖ_g L‡Êi wØZxq Aa¨v‡q wgjUb Ck¦‡ii ¸Yvewj
Ges wbw`©ófv‡e GKZ¡ev` cÖm‡½ wj‡L‡Qb:
ÒCk¦i‡K A¯^xKvi K‡i Ggb †jv‡Ki msL¨v G‡Kev‡i Kg
bq| Gme wb‡e©v‡aiv Aš—i †_‡K wek¦vm K‡i †h †Kvb Ck¦i
†bBÓ †¯—v¯¿ 14 : 1, A_P Ck¦i gvby‡li Aš—‡i Zvi wb‡Ri
Ggb eû cÖkœvZxZ wb`k©‡bi Qvc Gu‡K w`‡q‡Qb Ges cÖK…wZi
me©Î Zvi cwiPq Ggbfv‡e Qov‡bv i‡q‡Q †h †evam¤úbœ †Kvb
e¨w³B mZ¨ m¤ú‡K© AÁ _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| G‡Z †Kvb
m‡›`nB _vK‡Z cv‡i bv †h we‡k¦i me wKQyB myk„•Lj fv‡e
cwiPvwjZ Ges Zv‡Z i‡q‡Q GK P~ovš— I Kj¨vYKi D‡Ïk¨
hv mv¶¨ †`q †h GK m‡e©v”P my‡hvM¨ kw³ Aek¨B c~e© †_‡K
weivRgvb hvi Øviv mgMÖ m„wóB GK mywbw`©ó j‡¶¨i Rb¨
wba©vwiZ| Ck¦‡ii evYx ev` w`‡q ïay cÖK…wZ ev eywׇK c_
wb‡`©kK K‡i Ck¦i m¤ú‡K© mwVK wPš—v Kiv hvq bv| Avgv‡`i
gb hZUv aviY Ki‡Z cv‡i A_ev Avg‡`i cÖK…wZi c‡¶
hZUv enb Kiv m¤¢e, Ck¦i Zuvi m¤ú‡K© ZZUvB cÖKvk
K‡i‡Qb.... Ck¦i m¤ú‡K© hZUzKz Ávb gvby‡li cwiÎv‡Yi R‡b¨
cÖ‡qvRb, wZwb Zv ch©vß cwigv‡Y wbR Ki“Yvq cÖKvk
K‡i‡Qb... Ck¦‡ii bvg I ¸Yvewj nq Zuvi ˆewkó¨ cÖKvkK,
bq Zuvi Hkx kw³ I †kÖô‡Z¡i cwiPvqK|
wgjUb Gici Ck¦‡ii KwZcq ¸‡Yi weeiY w`‡q‡Qb : mZ¨,
mËv, wekvjZ¡ I AmxgZ¡, wPi ¯’vwqZ¡, AcwieZ©bxqZv,
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 201
b¨vqcivqYZv, AgiZ¡, me©Î we`¨gvbZv me©kw³gËv Ges P~ovš—
iƒ‡c GKZ¡| wZwb e‡jb, Dwj­wLZ mKj ¸‡Yi mvie¯‘ nj Zuvi
GKZ¡| Gici wgjUb evB‡ej †_‡K wb‡æv³ cÖgvY Dc¯’vcb
K‡i‡Qb :
wh‡nvfv, wZwbB Ck¦i, wZwb Qvov Avi †KD †bB (wØZxq weeiY 4 :
35)
wh‡nvfv, wZwbB ¯^M© g‡Z©i Ck¦i, Ab¨ Avi †KD †bB|
(wØZxq weeiY 5 : 39)
Avwg, ïay Avwg, AvwgB Ck¦i Ges Avgvi mv‡_ Avi †Kvb Ck¦i
†bB| (wØZxq weeiY 32 : 39)
c„w_exi mKj gvby‡li Rvbv cÖ‡qvRb †h wh‡nvfvB Ck¦i Ges Avi
†Kvb Ck¦i †bB| (1 ivRvewj 8 : 60)
wZwb Ck¦i, wZwb GK, wZwb we‡k¦i mKj mvgªv‡R¨i Ck¦i|
(2 ivRvewj 19 t15)
Avwg Qvov Avi †Kvb Ck¦i Av‡Q? bv, Ck¦i GKRbB|
(whkvBq 44 : 8)
Avwg wh‡nvfv Ges Avwg Qvov †Kvb Ck¦i †bB| (whkvBq 45 : 5)
Avwg Qvov †Kvb Ck¦i †bB .... Avwg Qvov Avi †KD †bB|
(whkvBq 45 : 21)
Avwg Ck¦i Ges Avi †KD †bB| (whkvBq 45 : 22)
Dc‡iv³ DׄwZmg~n cÖm‡½ wgjUb e‡jb, A_©vr Ck¦i Qvov
Avi †Kvb mËv, e¨w³ ev †Kvb Aw¯—Z¡ †bB|
Avwg Ck¦i, Avi †KD bq| AvwgB Ck¦i Ges Avgvi gZ Avi
†KD †bB| (whkvBq 46 : 9)
wgjUb e‡jb :
ÒmsL¨vZvwË¡K GK‡Z¡i Awfbœ aviYvq msL¨vMZ w`K w`‡q
GKRb Ck¦i Ges GKRb AvZ¥v i‡q‡Qb e‡j Ck¦i m¤ú‡K©
gvby‡li g‡a¨ wek¦vm m„wói j‡¶¨ Gi PvB‡Z mnR, mywbw`©ó,
202 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
MÖnY‡hvM¨ Avi Kx cš’v n‡Z cv‡i? GLv‡b cÖ_gZ Ges P~ovš—fv‡e
GUvB wQj h_v_© I hyw³msMZ †h Rbmvavi‡Yi g‡a¨ wbgœnvi
e¨w³wUi g¯—KI Ck¦‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ AebZ Kivi R‡b¨ ag©xq evYx
Giƒc mnR cš’vq cÖPvi Kiv nq †h Zvi g‡a¨ †Kvb AwbðqZv ev
A¯úóZv †bB| Ab¨_vq DcvmbvKvixiv åvwš—‡Z wKsev m‡›`‡ni
g‡a¨ wbcwZZ n‡Z cviZ| BmivBwjiv Zv‡`i weavb I bex‡`i
gvidZ me©`vB GK_v Dcjwä K‡i‡Q †h msL¨vMZ w`K w`‡q Ck¦i
GKRbB Ges Zvi mg ch©v‡qi ev Zvi †P‡q wbgœ ch©v‡qi Avi
†Kvb Ck¦i †bB| ZLb ch©š— ag©¸i“‡`i Avwef©ve nqwb hviv
Zv‡`i wbR¯^ Ávbeyw× I m¤ú~Y© ¯^we‡ivax hyw³i gva¨‡g GKZ¡ev`x
gZev`‡K weK…Z K‡i‡Q hw`I fvb K‡i †h Zviv Zv eRvq ivL‡Z
PvB‡Q| wKš‘ me©kw³gvb Ck¦i m¤ú‡K© †h K_vUv me©Rb M„nxZ Zv
nj GB †h ¯^we‡ivax n‡Z cv‡i Ggb wKQy wZwb Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv|
myZivs GLv‡b me©`v g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †h Ck¦‡ii GK‡Z¡i mv‡_
msMwZc~Y© bq Ges hv GKB mv‡_ Zvi GKZ¡ I GKvwaKZ¡
m¤úwK©Z, Ck¦i m¤ú‡K© Ggb wKQy ejv hvq bv| gvK© 13 : 29-
32t Ò †n BmivBwjiv †kvb! Avgv‡`i whwb cÖfy wZwbB Ck¦i
GKRbB Ges wZwb Qvov Avi †Kvb Ck¦i †bB|Ó
Gici wgjUb cweÎ AvZ¥vi ˆewkó¨ m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv
K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡jb, G e¨vcv‡i evB‡e‡j wK Zvi ˆewkó¨ m¤ú‡K©
Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡jb, G e¨vcv‡i evB‡e‡j wK Zvi
ˆewkó¨ ev cÖK…wZ, Kxfv‡e Zv Aw¯—Z¡kxj wKsev KLb Zvi D™¢eÑ
Zvi wKQyB ejv nqwb| wZwb e‡jb:
a‡g©i gZ GKwU AZ¨š— RwUj wel‡q wek¦vmx‡`i mvg‡b ag©
cÖe³v‡`i DwPZ Zvi cÖv_wgK ¸i“Z¡ I m‡›`nvZxZ wbðqZv A_ev
ag©MÖ‡š’i my¯úó mv‡¶¨i PvB‡Z wfbœ wKQy Dc¯’vcb bv Kiv Ges
welqwU Ggbfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kiv hv‡Z gvbweK we‡ePbvq Zvi
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 203
cÖgvY m¤ú‡K© †Kvb cÖKvi m‡›`‡ni †Kvb AeKvk bv _v‡K ev †Kvb
mskq ev weZ‡K©i welqe¯‘ †hb bv nq|
Gici wgëb evB‡e‡ji Av‡jv‡K Zvi e³‡e¨i Dcmsnvi
†U‡b‡Qb : cweÎ AvZ¥v me©Á bq Ges Zv me©Î weivRgvbI bq|
GK_v ejv hvq bv †h, †h‡nZz cweÎ AvZ¥v Ck¦‡ii evYx I wb‡`©k
enb K‡i Av‡bb †m Ki‡Y wZwb Ck¦‡ii Ask| hw` wZwb Ck¦iB
n‡Zb Zv n‡j †Kb cweÎ AvZ¥v‡K mvš—¡bv `vbKvix
(Comforter) ejv nq whwb hxïi c‡i Avm‡eb, whwb wb‡Ri
m¤ú‡K© wKQy e‡jb bv wKsev Zvi wb‡Ri bv‡g wKQy e‡jb bv Ges
hvi kw³ AwR©Z (Rb 16 : 7- 14)? myZivs GUv my¯úó †h Ômvš—¡bv
`vbKvixÕ Avm‡j hxïi c‡i AvMgbKvix GKRb bex, G A‡_©
Zuv‡K MÖnY bv K‡i GK mxgvnxb weåvwš— m„wói j‡¶¨B Zv‡K cweÎ
AvZ¥v GgbwK Ck¦i e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv n‡”Q| 14
Avwiqv‡mi mv‡_ wgjUbI GKgZ †h hxï wPiš—b bb| wZwb
e‡jb, hxï‡K m„wó Kiv ev bv Kiv Zv m¤ú~Y©B wQj Ck¦‡ii
e¨vcv‡i| wZwb e‡jb, hxï Òmg‡qi mxgve×Zvi g‡a¨BÓ Rb¥MÖnY
K‡iwQ‡jb| hxïi Hk¦wiK Rb¥ m¤úwK©Z gZev‡`i mg_©‡b
evB‡e‡ji GKwU cO&w³I wZwb Luy‡R cvbwb| hxï‡K e¨w³ wn‡m‡e
wfbœ Ges mËv wn‡m‡e Ck¦‡ii GKRb wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv A™¢yZ I
hyw³ we‡ivax| G gZev` ïay hyw³ we‡ivaxB bq, evB‡e‡ji mv¶¨
cÖgv‡YiI we‡ivax| wgjUb BmivBwj RbM‡Yi mv‡_ GKgZ †cvlY
K‡i‡Qb †h Ck¦i GKRb I AwØZxq| Avi Zv GZUvB my¯úó †h
Gi R‡b¨ Avjv`v †Kvb e¨vL¨vi cÖ‡qvRb c‡o bv| †h GK Ck¦i
GKRb ¯^- Aw¯—Z¡evb Ck¦i Ges †h mËv ¯^-Aw¯—Z¡evb bq †m Ck¦i
n‡Z cv‡i bv| wZwb Dcmsnv‡i e‡jb :
ÒevB‡e‡ji mnR A_©‡K cwinvi A_ev Avovj Kivi
R‡b¨ KwZcq e¨w³ wK †KŠkjc~Y© a~Z©Zv I cÖZviYvi
AvkÖq wb‡q‡Q Zv †`‡L wew¯§Z n‡Z nq|Ó42
204 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
wgjUb e‡jb †h cweÎ AvZ¥v Ck¦i I hxïi †P‡qI b~¨b ¯’vbxq
†h‡nZz Zvi `vwqZ¡ nj GKR‡bi evZ©v A‡b¨i Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q †`Iqv|
wZwb wb‡R wKQyB Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| wZwb mKj wel‡q Ck¦‡ii
ev›`v I AbyMZ| Ck¦i KZ©…K wZwb †cÖwiZ nb Ges Zv‡K Zvi
wb‡Ri m¤ú‡K© wKQy ej‡Z †`Iqv nqwb|
wgjUb Dcjwä K‡iwQ‡jb †h wZwb G gZ cÖKv‡k¨ e¨³ Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb bv| KviY Zv‡Z Zvi e¨w³MZ wbivcËv wecbœ n‡Z cviZ
Ges Zvi Ae¯’vI weWj I mg‡MvÎxq Ab¨‡`i gZ `y`©kvc~Y©
nIqvi Avk¼v wQj| 1611 L„. wgjU‡bi RxeÏkvq wg: †jMvU I
wg: IqvBUg¨vb (Legatt and wightman) bvgK `yÕe¨w³‡K
ivRvi Aby‡gv`bµ‡g Rxeš— cywo‡q gviv nq| Zv‡`i Aciva wQj
†h Zviv wcZv, cyÎ I cweÎ AvZ¥v‡K wb‡q cÖPvwiZ wÎZ¡ev‡`
wek¦vmx wQ‡jb bv| Zviv wek¦vm Ki‡Zb †h hxï †hgb Ck¦‡ii
cÖK…Z ¯^vfvweK mš—vb bb †Zgwb Ck¦‡ii mËv, wPiš—bZv I me©gq
¶gZvi Abyiƒc †Kvb ¸Y Zuvi wQj bv| hxï wQ‡jb wbQK GKRb
gvbyl, GKB e¨w³ mËvq Ck¦i I gvby‡li mgwš^Z wKQy wZwb wQ‡jb
bv|
wgjUb †Kb Zvi RxeÏkvq bxie wQ‡jb, G †_‡KZv eySv
hvq|
Rb jK (John Locke) 1632-1704 L„.
mvgvwRK Pzw³ wel‡q wewfbœ MÖš’ iPbvi R‡b¨ mycwiwPZ Rb
†jvKI GKZ¡ev`x wQ‡jb| wKš‘ wZwbI Zv cÖKv‡k¨ †NvlYv Ki‡Z
fxZ wQ‡jb| ivR‰bwZK `„wófw½i Kvi‡Y GK ch©v‡q wZwb Bsj¨vÛ
Z¨vM Ki‡Z eva¨ nb| 1688 mv‡ji wec­†ei ci †`‡k wd‡i wZwb
wbwðZ K‡ib †h wZwb mivmwi PvP© kw³i we‡ivwaZv Ki‡eb bv|
KviY Gi d‡j Av‡iv wbcxob- wbh©vZ‡bi Avk¼v wQj| hyw³
mg_©‡b Zvi cvwÊZ¨c~Y© MÖš’I PvP© cQ›` K‡iwb| Ab¨ GKwU MÖš’
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 205
Zv‡K †ebvgx‡Z cÖKvk Ki‡Z nq| hv †nvK, Rvbv hvq †h wZwb
hxï L„‡ói †Mvovi w`‡Ki wkl¨‡`i wk¶v Aa¨qb K‡ib Ges
wÎZ¡ev‡` wek¦vm Kivi †Kvb hyw³ Luy‡R cvbwb| wZwb weÁvbx
wbDU‡bi Nwbô eÜz wQ‡jb| Zuvi mv‡_ Gme e¨vcvi wb‡q wZwb
Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Zb †h ¸‡jvi e¨vcv‡i Zvi gZ wQj AZ¨š—
weZwK©Z| †jvK I wbDU‡bi eÜz jx †K¬qvi e‡j‡Qb, GKw`‡K GZ
`¶Zv wb‡q A_ev Ab¨w`‡K GZ fyj cÖwZwbwaZ¡, weåvwš— I AÁZv
wb‡q Avi †Kvb weZwK©Z welq Ggbfv‡e Av‡jvwPZ nqwb| Kw_Z
Av‡Q †h jKB 1689 L„. mwnòyZv AvB‡bi (Act of
Toleration) cÖ‡YZv wQ‡jb|
m¨vi AvBRvK wbDUb (Sir Isac Newton) 1642-1727 L„.
myweL¨vZ Bs‡iR Kwe Av‡jKRvÊvi †cv‡ci (Alexander
pope) KweZvq wbDU‡bi eY©vX¨ Rxeb wPwÎZ n‡q‡Q Gfv‡e:
cÖK…wZ I cÖK…wZi weavb XvKv c‡o wQj iv‡Z
Ck¦i ej‡jb ÒwbDUb m„wó nIÓ
Ges me Av‡jvwKZ nj|Ó43
wbDUb wQ‡jb Zv‡`iB GKRb hviv Zv‡`i wek¦vm‡K cÖKv‡k¨
e¨³ Kiv weP¶YZvi cwiPvqK e‡j g‡b Ki‡Zb bv| 1690 L„.
Rb 5 : 7 I Zxg_xq 3 t 16 cÖm‡½ wbD †Uóv‡g‡›Ui e³‡e¨i
weK…wZ wel‡q Zvi gš—e¨ msewjZ GKwU ¶z`ª c¨v‡KU wZwb Rb
j‡Ki Kv‡Q †cÖiY K‡ib| wZwb Avkv K‡iwQ‡jb †h †h‡nZz GUv
Bsj¨v‡Ê cÖKvk Kiv wec¾bK †m Kvi‡Y Rb jK Zvi cyw¯—KvwU
divmx fvlvq Abyev` I d«v‡Ý cÖKv‡ki Kv‡R mnvqZv Ki‡eb| G
cvÊywjwci bvg wQj : ÒGb wn‡óvwiKvj GKvD›Um Ad Uz †bv‡Uej
Kivckbm Ae w¯ŒcPvi (An Historical Accounts of Two
Notable Corruptiouns of scripture)| 1692 mv‡j
AÁvZbvgv e¨w³i iPbv wn‡m‡e Gi j¨vwUb Abyev` cÖKv‡ki †Póv
206 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
†bqv nq| wbDUb e¨vcviUv ïb‡Z †c‡q G cÖKvkbv e‡Üi e¨e¯’v
†bqvi R‡b¨ jK‡K Aby‡iva K‡ib| KviY, Zvi aviYv wQj †h,
mgqwU G cyw¯—Kv cÖKv‡ki AbyK‚j bq|
wbDUb Zvi Ôwn‡óvwiKvj GKvbD›UmÕ MÖ‡š’ Rb 5 : 7 cÖm‡½
e‡j‡Qb :
ÒwÎZ¡ev` m¤ú‡K© †R‡iv‡gi mgq Ges Zvi Av‡M I c‡i
wek¦e¨vcx AZ¨š— kw³kvjx `xN©Kvjxb I ¯’vqx †Kvb weZ‡K©B wZb
Ck¦‡ii welqwU KL‡bvB wQj bv| GUv GLb cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki gy‡L Ges
Kv‡Ri cÖavb wfwË wn‡m‡e cwiMwYZ Ges wbwðZfv‡e Zv‡`i
R‡b¨B Zv Kiv n‡q‡Q †hfv‡e Zv‡`i MÖš’¸‡jv‡Z i‡q‡Q|Ó
wbDUb Av‡iv e‡jb :
hviv †hvM¨, G e¨vcv‡i Zv‡`i †ev‡av`q nIqv DwPZ| Avgvi
c‡¶ wKQy Kiv m¤¢e bq| hw` GUv eiv nq †h Avgvi ag©MÖš’ Kx Zv
wba©viY Ges e¨w³MZ wePv‡ii †KD †bB †m‡¶‡Î †h me ¯’v‡b
we‡iva †bB †mLv‡b Avwg GUv ¯^xKvi Kwi, wKš‘ †hLv‡b we‡iva
Av‡Q †mLv‡b Avwg me‡P‡q fvj eywS, ZvB Kwi| gvbe mgv‡Ri
DËß †gRvR I Kzms¯‹viv”Qbœ Ask ag©xq e¨vcv‡i wPiKvjB
inm¨gqZvi f³, Avi G Kvi‡YB Zviv hv Kg †ev‡S †mUvB †ewk
cQ›` K‡i| G ai‡bi †jv‡KivB †cÖwiZ `~Z †hvnb‡K †hfv‡e Lywk
e¨envi Ki‡Z cv‡i, wKš‘ Zvi cÖwZ Avgvi Ggb kÖ×v‡eva i‡q‡Q
hv‡Z Avwg wek¦vm Kwi wZwb †h D‡Ï‡k¨ wj‡L‡Qb hv †_‡K fvjUzKz
MÖnY Kiv hvq|44
wbDU‡bi g‡Z, GB AskwU Givmgv‡mi wbD †Uóv‡g‡›Ui
Z…Zxq ms¯‹i‡Y cÖ_g †`Lv hvq| wZwb g‡b Ki‡Zb †h GB ms¯‹iY
cÖKv‡ki Av‡M GB wg_¨v AskwU wbD †Uóv‡g‡›U wQj bv| wbDUb
e‡jb, ÒZviv hLb GB ms¯‹i‡Y wÎZ¡ev` †cj ZLb Zviv wb‡RivB
wb‡R‡`i ag©MÖš’ †_‡K _vK‡j Zv Quy‡o †djj †hgb †jvKRb
cy‡iv‡bv AvjgvbvK‡K Quy‡o †d‡j| G ai‡bi cwieZ©‡bi NUbv wK
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 207
†Kvb we‡ePK e¨w³‡K mš‘ó Ki‡Z cv‡i?Ó wZwb e‡jb, Òfv½v
ev`¨h‡š¿ myi †Zvjvi gZB GUv a‡g©i Rb¨ DcKvix nIqvi
cwie‡Z© wec¾bK|Ó
1 Zxg_xq 3 : 16 cÖm‡½ wbDUb e‡jb, DËß I `xN©¯’vqx
Avwiqvb weZ‡K©i †Kvb mg‡qB GUv †kvbv hvqwb.... hviv e‡j †h
ÒCk¦i i³gvs‡mi gvby‡li g‡a¨ cÖKvwkZÓ Zviv Zv‡`i D‡Ï‡k¨i
P~ovš— j¶¨ nvwm‡ji R‡b¨B Zv e‡j _v‡K| 45
wbDUb Iì †Uóv‡g‡›Ui cÖZxKx ev ˆØZ e¨vL¨vi we‡ivax
wQ‡jb| wZwb me ag©MÖš’‡K mgvb kÖ×v Ki‡Zb bv| ûBób e‡jb,
wZwb Ab¨ `ywU ag©MÖ‡š’i Dci GKwU M‡elYv MÖš’ iPbv K‡ib
†h¸‡jv G_vbvwmqvm weK…Z Kivi †Póv K‡iwQ‡jb| Z‡e AvR Avi
Zvi †m MÖ‡š’i †Kvb nw`m cvIqv hvq bv|
wbDUb me‡k‡l e‡jb :
†`eZv (Deity) kãwU Aaxb¯’ cÖvYxKz‡ji Dci †kÖôZ¡
cÖKvkK Ges Ck¦i (God) kãwU ¯^Zù‚Z©fv‡e cÖfyZ¡ cÖKvkK|
cÖ‡Z¨K cÖfyB Ck¦i bq| GK Ava¨vwZ¥K mËvi g‡a¨ cÖvavb¨ we¯—
v‡ii gva¨‡g Ck¦‡ii cÖKvk N‡U| hw` G cÖvavb¨ mZ¨ nq Zv n‡j
†m mËvB cÖK…Z Ck¦i| GUv hw` m‡›`nc~Y© nq Z‡e Zv n‡e wg_¨v
Ck¦i, Avi hw` Zv m‡›`nvZxZ nq Z‡e wZwb n‡eb me©kw³gvb
Ck¦i|46
Ugvm Ggwjb (Thomas Emlyn) 1663-1741 L„.
Ugvm Ggwjb 1663 L„. 27 †g Rb¥ MÖnY K‡ib| 1678 L„.
wZwb †KgweªR Mgb K‡i †mLv‡b wk¶v mgvß K‡ib| Zvici wZwb
Wvewj‡b wd‡i Av‡mb| Lye wkMwMi wZwb †mLv‡b GKRb RbwcÖq
ag©cÖPviK n‡q D‡Vb| 1682 L„. GB hvRK cÖ_g a‡g©vc‡`k cÖPvi
K‡ib Ges cieZ©x 10 eQi GKRb ag©cÖPviK wn‡m‡e Zvi L¨vwZ
DˇivËi e„w× cvq| 1702 L„. Zvi ag©cÖPvi mfvi GKRb m`m¨
j¶ K‡ib †h Ggwjb wÎZ¡ev‡`i mg_©‡b e¨eüZ nq Ggb wKQy
208 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
mycwiwPZ e¨vL¨v I hyw³ cwinvi K‡i‡Qb| G NUbvi d‡j
wÎZ¡ev‡`i aviYvi e¨vcv‡i wZwb Kx wk¶v w`‡”Qb, †m wel‡q Zv‡K
cÖ‡kœi m¤§yLxb n‡Z nq| hLb Zv‡K mywbw`©ófv‡e G wel‡q cÖkœ
Kiv nq, ZLb wZwb †Kvb wØav QvovB †LvjvLywj Zvi gZ cÖKvk
K‡ib|
wZwb ¯^xKvi K‡ib †h wZwb GKZ¡ev‡` wek¦vmx| wZwb †NvlYv
K‡ib †h Ck¦i GKK m‡e©v”P mËv Ges hxï Zvi mKj ¶gZv I
KZ©…Z¡ ïay Zuvi KvQ †_‡KB jvf K‡i‡Qb| wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, ag©
mgv‡e‡ki †KD hw` Zvi gZ‡K AvcwËKi e‡j †`‡Lb, Z‡e wZwb
†¯^”Qvq c`Z¨vM Ki‡eb hv‡Z Zviv Zv‡`i g‡Zi mg_©bKvix
GKRb ag©cÖPviK hvRK‡K g‡bvbxZ Ki‡Z cv‡ib| ag©xq
mgv‡e‡ki AwaKvskB GUv PvBwQj bv, wKš‘ cwiw¯’wZ Ggb `uvovq
†h wZwb c`Z¨vM K‡ib| G‡Z AwaKvsk †jvKB `ytwLZ nq|
cwiw¯’wZ hv‡Z kvš— n‡q Av‡m †m R‡b¨ ¯^íKv‡ji R‡b¨ Zv‡K
Bsj¨vÊ Mgb Ki‡Z ejv nq| wZwb ZvB K‡ib|
Bsj¨v‡Ê 10 mßvn Ae¯’v‡bi ci wZwb Zvi cwiev‡ii
m`m¨‡`i Bsj¨v‡Ê wb‡q hvevi R‡b¨ Wvewjb wd‡i Av‡mb| wKš‘
Zvi Av‡MB Zv‡K 1703 L„. †MÖdZvi Kiv nq| Zvi wei“‡× ag©
we‡ivwaZvi Awf‡hvM Avbv nq| †`Lv hvq †h wZwb “An
humble Inquiry into the Scripture account of Jesus
Christ” bvgK GKZ¡vev‡`i mg_©K GKwU MÖš’ cÖKv‡ki R‡b¨
`vqx| G NUbvq Zvi wePv‡ii R‡b¨ †h me mv¶¨cÖgvY †LuvRv
nw”Qj, Zv wg‡j †Mj| cy‡iv cy¯—KwUB g~jZ Rb Gi Mm‡c‡ji 14
: 28 †k­v‡Ki Dci wfwË K‡i iwPZ hv‡Z hxï e‡j‡Qb ÒwcZv
Avgvi PvB‡Z †kªô|Ó Ggwjb cÖwZôv Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb †h hxï
wQ‡jb gvbyl I Ck¦‡ii gv‡S GKRb ga¨¯’ZvKvix| Gfv‡e wZwb
AZ¨š— m~² cš’vq hxï‡K Ck¦i †_‡K c„_K K‡ib| Avi Zv Kivi
gva¨‡g wÎZ¡ev‡`i aviYv‡K P~Y©-weP~Y© K‡ib|
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 209
Ggwj‡bi we‡ivaxiv Zv‡K †`vlx cÖwZcbœ Kivi †¶‡Î mgm¨vi
m¤§yLxb nIqvq Zvi wePvi K‡qK gv‡mi R‡b¨ wcwQ‡q hvq| G
mgqwU Zvi Kv‡U KvivMv‡i| hLb P~ovš— wePvi ïi“ nj, ZLb
Ò`xN© Avj‡Lj­v cwiwnZ GK mr e¨w³Ó Zv‡K AewnZ K‡ib †h
AvZ¥c¶ mg_©‡bi AbygwZ Zv‡K †`Iqv n‡e bv, eis †Kvb ÒAvBb
ev †Ljv QvovB GKwU †bK‡oi b¨vq Zv‡K avIqv K‡i †kl K‡i
†djvi R‡b¨B G Pµvš— Kiv n‡q‡Q|Ó47 myZivs wZwb †h ÒwhïwLªó
m‡e©v”P Ck¦i bbÓ GK_v †NvlYv K‡i GKwU AL¨vZ I Kj¼RbK
evB‡ej iPbv I cÖKv‡ki R‡b¨ Awfhy³ I †`vlx mve¨¯— n‡eb,
Zv‡Z we¯§‡qi wKQy †bB|48 Zv‡K GK eQ‡ii Kviv`Ê A_ev GK
nvRvi cvDÛ Rwigvbv cÖ`vbÑ G `y‡qi g‡a¨ GKwU‡K †e‡Q wb‡Z
ejv nj| Rwigvbvi A_© cwi‡kva bv Kiv ch©š— wZwb KvivMv‡i
_v‡Kb| G `Êv‡`‡ki wei“‡× wZwb Avwcj Ki‡j Zv‡K Av`vj‡Z
Uvbv- †nuQov Kiv nq Ges Rbmvavi‡Yi mvg‡b Zv‡K GKRb
ag©‡`ªvnx wn‡m‡e cÖ`k©b Kiv nq| GB AegvbbvKi AvPiY‡KI
Aek¨ KZ©…c¶ m`q AvPiY e‡jB AvL¨vwqZ K‡iwQj, KviY wZwb
hw` †¯ú‡b _vK‡Zb Zvn‡j Zv‡K Rxeš— cywo‡q gviv nZ| hv
†nvK, miKv‡ii Dci cÖPÊ Pvc m„wó nIqvi d‡j Zvi Rwigvbv
Kwg‡q 70 cvDÛ Kiv nq| Rwigvbv cwi‡kv‡ai ci G gwjb
cÖ_‡g KvivMvi Ges c‡i Avqvij¨vÊ Z¨vM K‡ib| ag©‡`ªvnx‡`i
cÖwZ G AvPiY cÖm‡½ gš—e¨ Ki‡Z wM‡q GKRb wewkó hvRK
e‡jb †h GKwU AÜKvi KvivMv‡i Áv‡bi Av‡jv cÖ¾¡jbKvix
wefvM I Rwigvbv `„p cÖZ¨q Drcv`K|49
Gici G gwjb †mme wewkó mvay‡`i mv‡_ †hvM`vb K‡ib
hviv wÎZ¡ev` cÖZ¨vL¨vb Ges GK I AwØZxq Ck¦‡ii wek¦vmx
wQ‡jb| cweÎ KziAv‡b G welqwU cwi®‹vifv‡e ejv n‡q‡Q| wZwb
m‡e©v”P Ges Zuvi gZ Ab¨ †KD †bB| Avi G‡Z Avj­vn wn‡m‡e
Avi Kv‡iv D‡j¨L †bB| `yf©vM¨µ‡g evB‡e‡j Gfv‡e ejv nqwb|
210 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
ZvB Ggwjb Zvi cy¯—‡K G weåvwš— `~i Kivi †Póv Ki‡jb| wZwb
ej‡jb : Ck¦i Ò†Kvb †Kvb mgq m‡e©v”P, cweÎ I Awebk¦i mËv
wn‡m‡e cwiMwYZ whwb wb‡R GKK, Ges wZwb Ab¨ Kv‡iv RvZ bb,
Zuvi KZ©…Z¡ Ges Ab¨vb¨ †Kvb wKQyB Ab¨ Kv‡iv KvQ †_‡K jä
bq| ZvB, hLb Avgiv Ck¦‡ii K_v ewj ev mvaviY fv‡e Av‡jvPbv
Kwi Ges cÖv_©bv Kwi, Ges cÖksmv Kwi, ZLb G welq¸‡jv‡Z
gnËg A‡_© Ck¦i‡K eySvB|Ó
Ggwjb cieZ©x‡Z †`Lvb †h evB‡e‡j hw`I ÒCk¦iÓ kãwU
e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q, wKš‘ Zv cÖvqkB Ggb me e¨w³i ¸i“Z¡ †evSv‡bvi
R‡b¨ e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q hv‡`i‡K m‡e©v”P mËvi Zzjbvq wbgœZi KZ©…Z¡
I ¶gZv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡qwQj: Ò †`e`~Z‡`i (wdwikZv‡`i) Ck¦i
wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ Kiv n‡qwQj.... hviv Ck¦‡ii PvB‡Z wKQyUv wbgœ
gh©v`v m¤úbœ wQ‡jb (MxZmswnZv 8 : 1, †hvnb 10 : 34-35)|
†Kvb †Kvb mgq GKRb e¨w³‡KI Ck¦i wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ Kiv
n‡q‡Q| †hgb bex gymv Av. †K nvi“b Av. bexi Kv‡Q `yBevi Ck¦i
wn‡m‡e D‡jL Kiv nq Ges cieZ©x‡Z †divD‡bi (Pharaoh)
Kv‡QI| GgbwK kqZvb‡KI GB c„w_exi Ck¦i e‡j AvL¨vwqZ
Kiv n‡q‡Q| ivRcyÎ I cÖej ¶gZvkvjx kvmK‡`iI Ck¦i e‡j
AvL¨vwqZ Kivi K_v Rvbv hvq hviv Ab¨vqfv‡e I ejc~e©K Ges
Ck¦‡ii Aby‡gv`bµ‡g kvmK ch©v‡q DcbxZ n‡qwQj| whwb GKK
mËvgq Ck¦i wZwb G m‡ei E‡aŸ© Awebk¦i| myZivs Ab¨ hv‡`i
Ck¦i e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv‡`i PvB‡Z Ck¦i‡K Avgiv
¯^Zš¿ ˆewkó¨ gwÊZ †`L‡Z cvB|Ó
G ˆewkó¨ Av‡iv e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z wM‡q Ggwjb wd‡jv‡K
(Philo) DׄZ K‡i‡Qb| wd‡jv m‡e©v”P mËv‡K ÒïaygvÎ gvby‡li
Ck¦iB bq, Ck¦‡ii Ck¦iÓ e‡j eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| Iì †Uóv‡g‡›U
Ck¦‡ii †kÖôZ¡ I gwngvi gwngvwš^Z D‡j¨L Kv‡j Zuv‡K GB
m‡e©v”P I me©vwaK †MŠievwš^Z AvL¨vq AvL¨vwqZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 211
†h‡nZz evB‡ej Ck¦‡ii eY©bv I Ck¦‡ii PvB‡Z wbgœZg
mËviI eY©bvKv‡j ÒCk¦iÓ (God) kãwU e¨envi K‡i‡Q †m‡nZz
Ggwjb G cÖ‡kœi GKwU DËi †LuvRvi †Póv K‡i‡Qb : cweÎ MÖ‡š’
`yÕwU A‡_©i †KvbwU‡Z L„ó‡K Ck¦i e‡j AwfwnZ Kiv n‡e? wZwb
e‡jb Ck¦i‡`i Ck¦‡ii Zzjbvq L„ó GKRb Aa¯—b mËv (†`Lyb 1
KwiY_xq 8t 5)| wZwb wb‡R‡K wb‡gœi cÖkœ K‡iB GB ¸i“Z¡c~Y©
cÖ‡kœi wm×v‡š— †cuŠ‡Q‡Pb : hxï L„‡ói EaŸ©Zb hw` †Kvb Ck¦i
_v‡Kb Zvi KZ©…Z¡ AwaKZi †ewk Ges Zvi PvB‡Z AwaKZi
¶gZvevb, bq wK? G cÖ‡kœi DËi GKfv‡e A_ev Ab¨fv‡e hxïi
Ae¯’vb m¤ú‡K© wm×vš— cÖ`vb Ki‡e| hw` Ck¦i Zvi Dci n‡q
_v‡Kb Zvn‡j wZwb A_©vr hxï m‡e©v”P Ck¦i n‡Z c‡ib bv|
Gwgwj‡bi Reve : nu¨v, ZvB Ges wZwb Zvi Rev‡ei mg_©‡b 3wU
hyw³ †ck K‡ib:
hxï my®úófv‡e wZwb Qvov Ab¨ GKRb Ck¦‡ii K_v e‡j‡Qb|
wZwb Zvi Ck¦i‡K Zvi †P‡q EaŸ©Zb A_ev D”PZi e‡j MÖnY
K‡i‡Qb| wZwb cweÎZv AR©‡bi K_v e‡j‡Qb †h‡nZz wZwb m‡e©v”P
ˆewkó¨ Ges Awebk¦i cweÎZvi AwaKvix wQ‡jb bv hv ïay m‡e©v”P
mËv Ck¦‡iiB i‡q‡Q|
Ggwjb Dcjwä K‡ib †h mvaviY gvbyl hv‡Z eyS‡Z cv‡i
†miKg cš’vq GB 3wU hyw³‡K wek` e¨vL¨v Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| hviv
mvaviY †jv‡Ki Kv‡Q †evaMg¨ bq Ggbfv‡e ag©MÖš’vw` m¤ú‡K©
wj‡L‡Qb A_P hviv Zv‡`i iPbvq e¨³ gZev` †jv‡K wek¦vm
Ki‡e e‡j cÖZ¨vkv K‡i‡Qb- wZwb †mB me †jvK‡`i cš’v eR©b
K‡ib| Ggwjb GB 3wU hyw³ e¨vL¨v K‡ib Gfv‡e:
cÖ_gZ, hxï Zvi †P‡q c„_K Ab¨ GKRb Ck¦‡ii K_v
e‡j‡Qb| †ek K‡qKevi Avgiv †`wL Ab¨ Kv‡iv m¤ú‡K© wZwb
ej‡Qb ÒAvgvi Ck¦i Avgvi Ck¦iÓ (gw_ 27 : 46), ÒAvgvi Ck¦i
Avgvi Ck¦i, †Kb Zzwg Avgv‡K cwiZ¨vM K‡i‡Q? (†hvnb 20
212 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
t17)| wbtm‡›`‡n wZwb GK_v ej‡Z Pvbwb †h ÒAvgvi Avwg
Avgvi Avwg, Zzwg †Kb Avgv‡K cwiZ¨vM K‡i‡Q?Ó GB Ck¦i Zvi
†P‡q c„_K, †hgbwU wZwb Ab¨vb¨ ¯’v‡b †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb (†hvnb 8
: 42), D‡jL¨ †h †mLv‡b wZwb Ck¦i‡K wcZv wn‡m‡e Zvi †_‡K
c„_K K‡ibwb, wKš‘ Ck¦i wn‡m‡e, Ges AZtci, mKj b¨vq
we‡ePbvq, wZwb ¯^qs †mB GKB Ck¦i n‡Z cv‡ib bv, hv †_‡K
wZwb wb‡R‡K c„_K K‡i‡Qb....
wØZxqZ : hxï wZwb Qvov Ab¨ Ck¦i‡K ïay †g‡bB †bbwb, wZwb
GK_vI ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb †h †mB wZwb A_©vr Ck¦i Zvi †P‡q
EaŸ©Zb I D”P, †hgbwU †mvRvmywR e¨³ K‡i‡Qb Zvi wkl¨MY|
eû NUbvqB wZwb D”P¯^‡i wcZv Ck¦‡ii cÖwZ Zuvi AvbyMZ¨ †NvlYv
K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡j‡Qb, wZwb wb‡Ri B”Qvq wKQy Kivi R‡b¨
Av‡mbwb, Zuvi mewKQyB ïay wcZvi (Ck¦i) bvg I ¶gZv e‡j|
wb‡Ri bq, Ck¦‡ii gwngvB Zvi Kvg¨ wQj; wb‡Ri B”Qvq
cwiPvjbv bq, Ck¦‡ii kvmb Zvi Kvg¨ wQj| G ai‡bi AvbyMZ¨
aviY K‡iB wZwb c„w_ex‡Z G‡mwQ‡jb| cybivq wZwb Ck¦‡ii Dci
Zuvi wbf©iZvi K_v †NvlYv K‡ib| GgbwK †m mKj welqI,
†h¸‡jv GKRb Ck¦i wn‡m‡e Zvi e‡jB ejvi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q,
†hgb A‡jŠwKK ¶gZvi cÖ‡qvM, g„Z‡K RxweZ Kiv, b¨vqwePvi
ejer Kiv BZ¨vw`| Avi Gme wel‡q wZwb e‡j‡Qb, ÒAvwg wb‡R
wKQyB Ki‡Z cvwi bv|Ó
Z…ZxqZ, hxï wb‡R AmvaviY ¶gZvi AwaKvix nIqvi welqwU
A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb (†hgb AbwR©Z kw³, GK”QÎ Ck¦iZ¡, mxgvnxb
Ávb), GKgvÎ Ck¦iM‡Yi m‡e©v”P Ck¦iB hvi AwaKvix Ges GUv
mywbwðZ †h wZwb hw` Gme ¸‡Yi GKwU ev †Kvb GKwUi AwaKvix
bv n‡q _v‡Kb, hv Ck¦i‡Z¡i R‡b¨ AZ¨ek¨Kxq, Zvn‡j wZwb †m
A‡_© Ck¦i bb| Gi †Kvb GKwU ¸Y hw` Zvi g‡a¨ Avgiv bv
†`wL, wZwb Ab¨¸‡jv P¨v‡jÄ Ki‡Z cv‡ib| †Kbbv Zvi wb‡Ri
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 213
meKqwU Hk¦wiK ¸Yvewj bv _vKv Avi wb‡R‡K Awebk¦i Ck¦i
wn‡m‡e A¯^xKvi Kiv GKB e¨vcvi|
Gici Ggwjb Zvi me©‡kl hyw³i cÖgvY wn‡m‡e wKQy `„óvš— D‡jL
K‡i‡Qb:
Ck¦i GK gnvb I wewPÎ ¸Y nj me©gq I AbwR©Z me©gq
kw³gËv| whwb mKj wKQy A‡jŠwKKfv‡e Ges wb‡Ri B”Qvbyiƒc
Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv wZwb KL‡bvB m‡e©v”P mËv n‡Z cv‡ib bv| hw`
wZwb Ab¨ Kv‡iv mvnvh¨ bv wb‡q wKQy Ki‡Z bv cv‡ib, Zuv‡K
Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Ac~Y©v½ ΓwUhy³ mËv e‡j g‡b nq †h‡nZz wZwb
A‡b¨i mvnv‡h¨i gyLv‡c¶x Ges Zuvi wb‡Ri Qvov Ab¨ Kv‡iv KvQ
†_‡K AwZwi³ kw³i cÖwZ wZwb wbf©ikxj| GLb my®úófv‡e
cÖZxqgvb †h hxï (Zuvi ¶gZv hvB _vK bv †Kb) evi evi ¯^xKvi
K‡i‡Qb †h Zuvi wb‡Ri Amxg kw³ wQj bv : ÒAvwg wb‡R wKQyB
Ki‡Z cvwi bvÓ (†hvnb 5 : 30)| wZwb gnv A‡jŠwKK ¶gZv
m¤ú‡K© e‡j‡Qb, †hgb g„Z‡`i cybi“¾xeb, mK‡ji cÖwZ
mgwePvi Kiv; wZwb my¯úó fvlvq e‡jb, gvby‡li Rvbv DwPZ †h
Gme †¶‡Î Zuvi B”Qv c~iY Kivi gvwjK Ck¦i| ïi“‡Z wZwb
e‡jb, ÒcyÎ wKQyB Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, Zvi wcZv hv K‡ib †m ZvB ïay
†`‡L|Ó ZvB, gv‡S G‡mI wZwb GKB K_v e¨³ K‡ib| wZwb †hb
Zuvi gnvb mZ¨ m¤ú‡K© Lye †ewk AsnKvix bv n‡q I‡Vb †m R‡b¨
wZwb Dcmsnv‡i e‡jb, ÒAvwg wb‡R †_‡K wKQyB Ki‡Z cvwi bvÓ
... wbwðZfv‡e GwU Ck¦‡ii K_v bq, GKRb gvby‡li K_v| whwb
m‡e©v”P wZwb Kv‡iv KvQ †_‡K wKQy MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| wZwb
Zuv‡K wb‡Ri †P‡q AwaK kw³kvjx ev Ávbx wn‡m‡e ˆZwi Ki‡Z
cv‡ib bv, †Kbbv cwic~Y© †kÖô‡Z¡i mv‡_ Avi wKQy †hvM n‡Z cv‡i
bv| †h‡nZz Ck¦‡ii ¶gZv GKwU AZ¨vek¨K c~Y©Zv †m‡nZz †mwU
hw` D™¢‚Z nq Zvn‡j mËv ev Aw¯—‡Z¡i †¶‡ÎI Zv NU‡e hv wKbv
m‡e©v”P mËvi wei“‡×B AegvbbvKi| Zuv‡K D™¢‚Z mËv mg~‡ni
214 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
g‡a¨ ¯’vcb Kiv Zuv‡K ÒA- Ck¦iÓ KiviB kvwgj| m‡e©v”P Ck¦i
cÖK…Zc‡¶ ïaygvÎ wZwbB whwb GKK Ges mKj wKQyi g~j|
gvK© Zvi Mm‡c‡ji 13 : 32 †k­v‡K hxï m¤ú‡K© †h weeiY
w`‡q‡Qb, Ggwjb Zv cix¶v K‡i‡Qb| wePvi w`em m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z
wM‡q wZwb e‡j‡Qb, Ò†mB w`b m¤ú‡K© †Kvb gvbyl, ¯^‡M©i †`e`~Z
(†d‡ikZv) cyÎ †KDB Rv‡b bvÑ ïay wcZv Qvov|Ó Ggwjb e‡jb,
hxïi Ck¦iZ¡ wek¦vm K‡i Ggb †h †Kvb †jv‡Ki Kv‡QB G e³e¨
Ck¦‡ii GKB m‡½ `yÕwU cÖK…wZ ev `yÕwU wfbœ AeMwZi Ae¯’vi
aviYv cÖ`vb K‡i| Kvh©Z GwU GKB mv‡_ Zuv‡K wKQy wRwbm Rvbv
Ges wKQy wRwbm bv Rvbvi gZ GK D™¢U Ae¯’vq ¯’vcb K‡i| hw`
hxï Ck¦i n‡q _vK‡Zb Ges Ck¦‡ii Zv Rvbv _vKZ Zvn‡j hxï G
ai‡bi K_v ej‡Zb bv, KviY GB cÖK…wZi AwaKvix nIqvi Kvi‡Y
ZviI D³ Áv‡bi AwaKvix nIqvi K_v|
Ugvm Ggwjb fvjfv‡eB m‡PZb wQ‡jb †h wecyj msL¨K
L„óvb Zv‡K fyj eyS‡Z cv‡i| wZwb Zvi wek¦v‡mi mg_©‡b L„óa‡g©
Zvi my¯úó ¯^xKv‡ivw³ cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb GB e‡j †h wZwb hxï‡K
Zvi wk¶K wn‡m‡e kÖ×v K‡ib| wZwb Zvi AbyivMx f³ Ges
wcZv, gvZv, eÜz-evÜe mK‡ji †P‡q Zuv‡K †ewk fv‡jvev‡mb|
wZwb e‡jb, ÒAvwg Rvwb †h hxï ïay mZ¨‡KB fv‡jvevm‡Zb Ges
hviv Zuvi evYx AbymiY K‡i wZwb Zv‡`i Kv‡iv cÖwZB µz× n‡eb
bv hviv e‡j †h ÒwcZv Avgvi †P‡q †kÖôÓ (†hvnb 14 : 28)| GB
e³‡e¨i †cÖw¶‡Z Ggwjb e‡jb, ÒCk¦i hxïi †P‡q †kÖô bbÓ G
K_v ejv wec¾bK n‡e|50
Ugvm Ggwjb wQ‡jb GKRb Ck¦i f³ Ávbx e¨w³ whwb Zvi
cvwÛZ¨, wbôv I `„pZvi R‡b¨ wewkó wQ‡jb| wZwb wbh©vZ‡bi
gy‡LI KL‡bv Av‡cvk K‡ibwb| wZwb wQ‡jb H mvaygÛjxi GKRb
hviv Zv‡`i we‡ivax‡`i mv‡_ jovB K‡i‡Qb wbf©xKfv‡e| Zviv
Kviv`Ê, wbh©vZb, GgbwK g„Zz¨`ÊI gv_v †c‡Z wb‡q‡Qb, wKš‘ ivóª
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 215
I Pv‡P©i Ackw³i Kv‡Q bZRvby nbwb| Zviv wgwjZfv‡e Zv‡`i
wbg©~j Kivi †Póv K‡i‡Q, wKš‘ mvwe©K mvdj¨ AR©b Ki‡Z
cv‡iwb| Kvh©Z cÖwZwU wbh©vZ‡bi NUbvB Zv‡`i †mB cigwcÖq
evYx‡K AwaKZi fv‡e RbwcÖq K‡i‡Q| †m evYxwU wQj :
Ck¦i wZbRb bb, GKRb|
Ggwjb †mB mZ¨ †NvlYvKvix wfbœ gZvej¤^x‡`i g‡a¨ wQ‡jb
cÖ_g mvwii Ab¨Zg hvi wÎZ¡ev‡` Awek¦v‡mi K_v cÖKv‡k¨ †NvlYv
Kivi mvnm wQj| †h me hvRK Zvi mv‡_ †hvM w`‡qwQ‡jb, hviv
Avwiqv‡mi Abymvix wQ‡jb Ges AvVv‡iv kZ‡Ki †Mvovi w`‡K
Avwiqv‡mi Abymvix I Ab¨vb¨ GKZ¡ev`x‡`i msL¨v wQj D‡j-
L‡hvM¨| Ggwj‡bi wePv‡ii `k eQi ci hxïi Kw_Z Ck¦iZ¡ wb‡q
cÖ‡kœi djkÖ“wZ‡Z †h Pvcv Am‡š—vl m„wó n‡qwQj, PvP© Ae Bsj¨vÊ
Zvi ZxeªZv Dcjwä K‡iwQj| 1712 L„. m¨vgy‡qj K¬vK (Samuel
Clarke) Gi “Scripture Doctrine of the Trinity” MÖš’
cÖKv‡ki ga¨ w`‡q †m Pvcv Am‡š—v‡li we‡ùviY N‡U| G MÖ‡š’
ÒwcZv Ck¦i n‡jb m‡e©v”P Ges L„ó I cweÎ AvZ¥v Zvi Aaxb¯’
m„wóÓÑ GK_v cÖgv‡Yi R‡b¨ wZwb wewfbœ ag©MÖš’ †_‡K 1251 wU
Ask DׄZ K‡i‡Qb| K¬vK© c‡i G_vbvwmqv‡mi ag©gZ I Ab¨vb¨
wÎZ¡ev`x ˆewkó¨ eR©b K‡i me©mvavi‡Yi Dc‡hvMx cÖv_©bv MÖ‡š’i
GKwU m¤úvw`Z ms¯‹iY cÖKvk K‡ib|
Ugvm Ggwjb 1741 L„. RyjvB gv‡m ci‡jvKMgb K‡ib|
w_Iwdjvm wjʇm (Theophilus Lindsey) 1723-1808 L„.
w_Iwdjvm wjʇm 1723 L„. Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb wQ‡jb
Bsj¨v‡Ê cÖ_g GKZ¡ev`x‡`i mgv‡ek Abyôv‡bi msMVK| 60 eQi
c~‡e© m¨vgy‡qj K¬v‡K©i ms‡kvabxi wfwˇZ ms‡kvwaZ cÖv_©bv ixwZ
e¨envi K‡i Ges cÖPwjZ cÖ_vbyhvqx mv`v AvOivLv ev DËievm
Qvov Avj‡Lj­v cwiavb K‡i wjʇm jʇbi G‡m· wóª‡Ui GK
216 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
wbjvg K‡¶ cÖ_g cÖv_©bv mfvq †en&Rvwgb d«vsKwjb I †Rv‡md
wcÖówj mn eû msL¨K gvbyl †hvM w`‡qwQ‡jb| c‡ii w`b wjʇm
Zvi GK eÜzi Kv‡Q †jLv c‡Î G NUbvi weeiY †`b :
Avcwb ï‡b Lywk n‡eb †h MZKvj me wKQy Lye fvjfv‡eB
m¤úbœ n‡q‡Q| Avwg hv aviYv K‡iwQjvg Zvi †P‡q A‡bK eo
mgv‡ek n‡qwQj Ges eû MY¨gvb¨ e¨w³ G‡Z †hvM`vb K‡ib|
Zv‡`i AvPiY wQj cwikxwjZ I mvwe©Kfv‡e my›`i| Zv‡`i
A‡b‡KB cÖv_©bv mfv‡K mvgwMÖKfv‡e AZ¨š— m‡š—vlRbK e‡j
AvL¨vwqZ K‡ib| wKQy †Mvj‡hv‡Mi Avk¼v Kiv n‡qwQj| Z‡e
†Kvb wKQy N‡Uwb| GKgvÎ †h ΓwU †`Lv wM‡qwQj Zv n‡jv GB †h
Av‡qvRb cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq †QvU g‡b nw”Qj| Abyôvb †_‡K
AbyK‚j cÖwZwµqv m„wó n‡q‡Q e‡j g‡b n‡”Q, mevB ¸i“Z¡ w`‡q‡Q
I m‡š—vl cÖKvk K‡i‡Q| Avgvi GLb cÖZ¨q R‡b¥‡Q †h G cÖ‡Póv
Ck¦‡ii Avkxe©v‡` e¨vcK Kj¨v‡Y Avm‡e| Avgv‡`i I Pv‡P©i
cÖv_©bvi g‡a¨ ˆecixZ¨ cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki `„wó AvKl©Y K‡i‡Q| Avgv‡K
GK_v ejvi R‡b¨ ¶gv Ki‡eb †h Avgvi j¾v‡eva Kiv DwPZ
wQj †h, Avwg GKwU mv`v †cvkvK c‡i Abyôv‡b Dcw¯’Z
n‡qwQjvg| Dcw¯’Z †jvK‡`i g‡a¨ †KDB GUv Pvqwb e‡j g‡b
n‡q‡Q| †mLv‡b †h †Kvb ANUb N‡Uwb, ïay G Kvi‡YB Avwg mš‘ó
bB, Avwg m¤ú~Y© Abyôv‡bi e¨vcv‡iB mš‘ó hv Av‡M KL‡bv nBwb|
GK_v Avgv‡K AveviI ej‡Z n‡”Q| Ck¦‡ii Avkxe©v` I Ki“Yvi
d‡j Avgiv GUv fvjfv‡e m¤úbœ Ki‡Z m¶g n‡qwQ| Avgiv ïay
Avkv †cvlY Kwi †h Avgv‡`i Kg©KvÊ Pvwj‡q †h‡Z Zuvi Avkxe©v`
I Ki“Yv Ae¨vnZ _vK‡e...|51
G‡m· wUª‡Ui GB ag©xq mgv‡ek Ab¨vb¨ GKZ¡vev`x‡`i
evwg©snvg, g¨v‡Âói I Bsj¨v‡Êi Ab¨vb¨ kn‡i †QvU wMR©v
(Chape) cÖwZôvq DrmvwnZ K‡i| wMR©vq ag©cvj‡bi ¯^vaxbZv
gZev`MZ ¯^vaxbZvi weKvk NUvq| Gi d‡j 1790 L„. A·‡dvW©
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 217
I †KgweªR wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Qv·`i D‡Ï‡k¨ e³…ZvKv‡j wjʇm
mK‡ji Kv‡Q my¯úó I mnR K‡i †Zvjvi R‡b¨ wb‡æv³ ÒmZ¨Ó
¸‡jv e¨³ K‡ib hvi Kv‡Q cweÎ MÖš’mg~‡n wek¦vmx mKj gvbyl
Av‡M ev c‡i Aek¨B bwZ ¯^xKvi Ki‡e I †g‡b †b‡e:
Ck¦i GKRb| wZwb GKK mËv, whwb Ck¦i wZwb GKgvÎ mªóv
I mKj wKQyi mve©‡fŠg cÖfy; hxï Bqvû`x RvwZf~³ GKRb e¨w³
wQ‡jb, wZwb wQ‡jb Ck¦‡ii ev›`v, Zuvi Øviv wecyj gh©v`v gwÊZ I
m¤§vb cÖvß; AvZ¥v A_ev cweÎ AvZ¥v †Kvb e¨w³ bb A_ev eyw×
Ávb m¤úbœ cÖvYx bb, wZwb ïay GK we‡kl kw³ A_ev Ck¦‡ii
Dcnvi, wZwb hxïL„‡ói RxebKv‡j Zv‡K msev`vw` cÖ`vb Ki‡Zb
Ges Zvi cieZ©x mg‡q wZwb ag© cÖPviKMY I eû Avw` L„óvb‡K
mvdj¨ RbK fv‡e Mm‡c‡ji cÖPvi I cÖmvi kw³ I Drmvn
RywM‡q‡Qb (†cÖwiZ‡`i Kvh© 1 : 2)|
Ges
GB wQj Ck¦i, Ges L„ó Ges cweÎ AvZ¥v msµvš— gZev` hv
ag©cÖPviKMY KZ©…K wk¶v cÖ`vb Ges Bqvû`x I †cŠËwjK‡`i
Kv‡Q cÖPvi Kiv n‡q‡Q|52
GB AvaywbK cÖZ¨q `„pZvi ga¨ w`‡q Bs‡iR GKZ¡ev` Zvi
†kÖôZg hy‡M cÖ‡ek K‡i|
wjʇm Zvi iPbvq hxï L„ó †h Ck¦i bb, †mB mZ¨ cÖwZôvi
R‡b¨ wb‡æv³ hyw³ cÖ`k©b K‡ib :
hxï KL‡bvB wb‡R‡K Ck¦i e‡j †NvlYv ev AvL¨vwqZ
K‡ibwb| GgbwK, wZwb GK e¨w³ hvi Øviv mKj wKQy m„wó n‡q‡Q
GiKg mvgvb¨Zg †Kvb AvfvmI wZwb †`bwb|
Iì †Uóv‡g‡›Ui cweÎ MÖš’¸‡jvi me¸‡jv‡ZB ïay GK e¨w³,
GK wh‡nvfv, GK Ck¦i, Zv‡K GKv Ges mKj wKQyi mªóv e‡j ejv
n‡q‡Q| †hvnb Gi Mm‡cj Gi 5 : 7 †kK cÖm‡½ D‡jL¨ †h
†hvn‡bi gZ GKRb ag©wbô Bqvû`x nVvr K‡i GKRb Ab¨ mªóv,
218 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
GKRb bZzb Ck¦i nvwRi Ki‡eb, GUv wek¦vm‡hvM¨ bq| wZwb
KLb GB A™¢yZ gZev` D™¢veb Ki‡jb Ges †Kvb ¶gZve‡j Zv
cÖPvi Ki‡jb, †mUv Rvbv hvq bv| we‡kl K‡i wZwb wb‡RB †hLv‡b
wek¦vm Ki‡Zb †h gymv Av. bexi weavb Abyhvqx wh‡nvfv Qvov Ab¨
†Kvb Ck¦‡ii wek¦vm ¯’vcb ev Dcvmbv Kiv g~wZ© c~Rvi gZB GKwU
Aciva Ges a‡g©i cÖwZ Aegvbbv Ki| Zvi ¸i“ cÖfy hxï wh‡nvfv
Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb Ck¦‡i wek¦vm ¯’vcb ev Dcvmbv Kiv g~wZ© c~Rvi
gZB GKwU Aciva Ges a‡g©i cÖwZ Aegvbbv Ki| Zvi ¸i“ cÖfy
hxï wh‡nvfv e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †Kvb Ck¦‡ii D‡jL K‡ibwb, wZwb wb‡Ri
m¤ú‡K©I KL‡bv GiKg wKQy e‡jbwb; eis wZwb e‡j‡Qb †h,
wcZv, hvi `~Z wQ‡jb wZwb, wZwbB Zv‡K wK ej‡Z n‡e Ges wK
ejv DwPZ Zvi wb‡`©kbv cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb (†hvnb 12t 49)|
Mm‡cj BwZnv‡mi †jLKMb GKRb Hkx e¨w³, wcZv‡K, GKgvÎ
cÖK…Z Ck¦i e‡j‡Qb (†hvnb 17 : 3)
gvK©, gw_ I j~K †KDB Zv‡`i ¯^- ¯^ Mm‡cj †jLvi mgq Kv‡iv
mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K‡ib wb| Zviv KL‡bvB hxï Ck¦i wQ‡jb e‡j
†Kvb Bw½Z †`bwb| Zviv hw` Zv‡K Ck¦i Ges we‡k¦i mªóv
wn‡m‡eB Rvb‡Zb, †m‡¶‡Î G iKg GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© wel‡q Zviv
wbðzc _vK‡Zb, GK_v wek¦vm‡hvM¨ bq|
†hvnb whwb Zvi Mm‡c‡ji ïi“‡ZB Ck¦i‡K Ck¦i Ges hxï‡K i³
gvs‡mi gvbyl iƒcx evYx e‡j D‡jL K‡i‡Qb, Mm‡c‡ji Aewkó
As‡k wZwb hxï‡K Ck¦i e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv|
j~‡Ki Mm‡cj cix¶v wbix¶v Ki‡j †`Lv hvq, wZwb wek¦vm
Ki‡Zb †h gv †gixi M‡f© Rb¥MÖn‡Yi c~‡e© hxïi †Kvb Aw¯—Z¡ wQj
bv| (†h‡nZzt
3.23.38 G hxïi eskvbyµ‡gi avivevwnK D‡jL Av‡Q|
4 : 24 Ges 8 : 33 G hxï‡K Ck¦‡ii bex e‡j ¯^xKvi Kiv
n‡q‡Q|
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 219
7 : 16 I 24 : 19 G hxï‡K bex e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv
n‡q‡Q|
3 : 13, 26 I 4 : 27, 30 G wcUvi I Ab¨ K‡qKRb
ag©cÖPviK hxï‡K Ck¦‡ii ev›`v wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ K‡i‡Qb|
17 : 24, 30 G j~K Zv‡K Ògvby‡li cyÎÓ c„w_exi mªóv
Ck¦‡ii GK ¸i“Z¡c~Y© `vwq‡Z¡ wbhy³ e¨w³ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ
K‡i‡Qb|
hviv hxïi Dcvmbv K‡i wjʇm Zv‡`i cÖkœ K‡i‡Qb †h hxï
hw` Zv‡`i mvg‡b nvwRi nb I wb‡æv³ cÖkœmg~n wRÁvmv
K‡ib, ZLb Zv‡`i cÖwZwµqv wK n‡e:
†Zvgiv Avgvi Dcvmbv Ki †Kb? Avwg wK †Zvgv‡`i KL‡bv
G ai‡bi wb‡`©k w`‡qwQ A_ev ag©xq Dcvmbvi j¶¨e¯‘ wn‡m‡e
Avwg wK wb‡Ri bvg †Zvgv‡`i Kv‡Q cÖ¯—ve K‡iwQ?
Avwg wK me©`v Ges G‡Kev‡i †kl ch©š— wcZv, Avgvi I †Zvgv‡`i
wcZv, Avgvi I †Zvgv‡`i Ck¦‡ii Dcvmbvi `„óvš— ¯’vcb Kwiwb?
( †hvnb 20 : 17)
Avgvi wkl¨iv Zv‡`i cÖv_©bv †kLv‡bvi R‡b¨ Avgv‡K Aby‡iva
K‡iwQj (j~K 11 : 1-2)| Avwg wK ZLb Zv‡`i‡K Avgvi Kv‡Q
cÖv_©bvi A_ev wcZv Qvov Ab¨ Kv‡iv cÖv_©bv Kivi wk¶v
w`‡qwQjvg?
Avwg wK KL‡bv wb‡R‡K Ck¦i e‡j †NvlYv K‡iwQjvg A_ev
†Zvgv‡`i wK e‡jwQjvg †h AvwgB we‡k¦i mªóv Ges Avgvi Dcvmbv
Ki‡Z n‡e?
†mvjvqgvb Av. Dcvmbvjq (evqZzj gyKvÏm) wbg©vY m¤úbœ nIqvi
ci e‡jwQ‡jb, ÒCk¦i wK mZ¨B c„w_ex‡Z evm Ki‡eb? ¯^‡M©i
cÖwZ `„wócvZ Ki, ¯^‡M©i ¯^M©I Zuv‡K aviY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv; Avwg
†h feb wbg©vY K‡iwQ Zv Zuvi †P‡q KZ †h bybZg (ivRvewj 38 :
27)53
220 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
GK Ck¦‡i wjʇmi wek¦v‡mi welqwU wb‡æv³ e³e¨ †_‡K
my¯úó cÖZxqgvb nq:
mKj ¯’v‡b wPiš—b Ck¦‡ii Dcvmbv nIqv cÖ‡qvRb, KviY wZwb
me©Î weivwRZ... †Kvb ¯’vbB Ab¨wUi †P‡q AwaK cweÎ bq,
wKš‘ cÖwZwU ¯’vbB Dcvmbvi R‡b¨ cweÎ| DcvmbvKvixivB
¯’vb wba©viY K‡i| †KD hLb fw³c~Y© webqvebZ wP‡Ë †mLv‡b
Ck¦‡ii mÜvb K‡i ZLb Ck¦i †mLv‡b _v‡Kb| cvcgy³ gbB
n‡”Q Ck¦i cÖK…Z gw›`i|54
†hv‡md wcÖówj (Josheph Priestly) 1733-1804)
†hv‡md wcÖówj 1733 L„. wjWm Gi 6 gBj `w¶Y- cwð‡g
¶z`ª wdì‡nW MÖv‡g Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zvi wcZv wQ‡jb ¯’vbxq
GKRb e¯¿ Drcv`K| wcÖówj wQ‡jb wcZvi †R¨vôcyÎ| Zvi 6
eQi eq‡mi mgq gv gviv hvb| K‡Vvi K¨vjwfbxq wk¶vq evwo‡Z
wZwb †e‡o I‡Vb| wKš‘ ¯‹z‡j wZwb †mB me wfbœ ag©xq Av`‡k©i
Abymvix wk¶K‡`i Kv‡Q wk¶v jvf K‡ib hviv PvP© Ae Bsj¨v‡Êi
gZev‡`i mv‡_ wfbœgZ †cvlY Ki‡Zb| GKRb hvRK nIqvi
j‡¶¨ wZwb j¨vwUb, MÖxK I wneªy fvlv fvjfv‡e AvqË K‡ib|
Av`‡gi cvc (Adam’s Sins) wel‡q wZwb ch©vß AbyZvc cÖ`k©b
bv Kivq Zv‡K eÜz mfvi (Elders of the Quakers) m`m¨
fyw³ Ki‡Z A¯^xK…wZ Rvbv‡bv nq| A‡_©vW· Pv‡P©i mKj
gZev‡`i Abymvix bq, Ggb KvD‡K MÖnY Ki‡Z wek¦we`¨vjq¸‡jv
A¯^xK…wZ Rvbvq| d‡j Zv‡K GKwU mycwiwPZ GKv‡Wwg‡Z cvVv‡bv
nq †hLv‡b wk¶K I QvÎiv A‡_©vW· Pv‡P©i gZev` I Ôag©we‡ivax
gZev`Õ Z_v GKZ¡ev‡` wek¦v‡mi g‡a¨ wef³ wQj| GLv‡b wcÖówj
L„óvb Pv‡P©i †gŠwjK gZev` mg~‡ni we‡kl K‡i wÎZ¡ev‡`i
mZ¨Zvi e¨vcv‡i Mfxifv‡e m‡›`n †cvlY Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡ib| wZwb
hZB evB‡ej cvV Ki‡jb ZZB Zvi wb‡Ri g‡Z Av¯’vkxj n‡q
DV‡jb| Avwiqvm, mvi‡fUvm I †mvwRwbi iPbv Zvi g‡bi Dci
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 221
Mfxi Qvc †d‡j| Zv‡`i gZ wZwbI wm×v‡š— DcbxZ nb †h
ag©MÖš’¸‡jv wÎZ¡ev` I cÖvqwðË m¤ú‡K© †Rviv‡jv cÖgvY w`‡Z
cv‡iwb| Gi dj nj GB †h wZwb hLb wk¶v †kl K‡i GKv‡Wwg
Z¨vM Ki‡jb, †`Lv †Mj †h ZLb wZwb GKRb KÆi Avwiqvm
Abymvix‡Z cwiYZ n‡q‡Qb|
wcÖówj evwl©K 30 cvDÊ †eZ‡b GKRb hvR‡Ki mnKvix
wbhy³ nb| hLb Avwe®‹…Z nj †h wZwb GKRb Avwiqvm Abymvix
ZLb Zv‡K PvKzwi †_‡K eiLv¯— Kiv nq| 1758 L„. wZwb
†Pkvqv‡i bv›UDB‡P (Nantwich) GKRb hvRK wn‡m‡e wb‡qvM
jvf Ki‡Z m¶g nb| †mLv‡b wZwb wZb eQi PvKzwi K‡i| Zvi
Avq AwZ mvgvb¨ nIqvq cÖvB‡fU wUDkwbi gva¨‡g wZwb Av‡iv
A‡_©vcvR©b Ki‡Zb| Lye wkMwMiB GKRb fvj wk¶K wn‡m‡e
Zvi L¨vwZ Qwo‡q c‡o| Avwiqvmcš’xiv 1757 L„. IqvwisU‡b
(Warrington) GKwU GKv‡Wgx cÖwZôv Ki‡j wcÖówj bv›UDBP
Z¨vM K‡ib Ges †mLv‡b wk¶K wn‡m‡e wb‡qvwRZ nb|
AemiKvjxb mg‡q wZwb cÖvqB jÛb Mgb Ki‡Zb| Gfv‡eB GK
md‡ii mgq jʇb weÁvbx †ebRvwgb d«vsKwj‡bi mv‡_ Zuvi
cÖ_gev‡ii gZ mv¶vr N‡U| 1667 mv‡j wZwb Zvi cy‡iv‡bv
evm¯’v‡bi KvQvKvwQ wjWm (Lids)- Gi wgj wnj (Mill Hill)-
Gi hvRK n‡q Av‡mb| †mLv‡b wZwb 6 eQi wQ‡jb| wjWm- G
wcÖówj †ek wKQy cyw¯—Kv cÖKvk K‡ib| wkMwMiB GKZ¡ev‡`i
GKRb AmvaviY I Ávbx gyLcvÎ wn‡m‡e wZwb L¨vwZ jvf K‡ib|
Aemi mg‡q wZwb imvqbwe`¨v cvV Ki‡Z ïi“ K‡ib| G †¶‡Î
Zvi mvdj¨ wQj D‡jL‡hvM¨| wZwb iqvj †mvmvBwUi ¯^xK…wZ jvf
K‡ib| 1774 mv‡j wZwb Aw·‡Rb Avwe®‹vi Kivi d‡j AZ¨š—
weL¨vZ n‡q c‡ob| cieZ©x‡Z Av‡iv M‡elYvq wZwb bZzb wKQy
M¨vm Avwe®‹vi K‡ib hv Zvi Av‡M Avi †Kvb weÁvbx Ki‡Z
cv‡ibwb| Z‡e c`v_© weÁv‡bi †Pq a‡g©i e¨vcv‡iB wZwb †ewk
222 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
Drmvnx wQ‡jb| ZvB wZwb Gme Avwe®‹vi‡K GKRb ag©ZË¡we‡`i
Aemi gyn‚‡Z©i dmj wn‡m‡eB we‡ePbv Ki‡Zb| AvZ¥Rxebx‡Z
wcÖówj Zuvi Gme hyMvš—Kvix Avwe®‹vi m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z wM‡q gvÎ
GKwU c„ôv e¨q K‡i‡Qb| GK mgq wZwb wj‡LwQ‡jb : Òimvq‡bi
K‡qKwU kvLvq Avwg wKQy Avwe®‹vi K‡iwQ| Avwg G e¨vcv‡i
KL‡bvB ¯^vfvweK mg‡qi †P‡q AwZwi³ g‡bv‡hvM †`Bwb Ges
mvaviY cÖwµqvmg~‡ni e¨vcv‡iI Avwg mvgvb¨B RvbZvg|55
cieZ©x‡Z †hv‡md wcÖówj Avj© Ae †kjev‡m©i (Earl of
Shellburne) jvB‡eªwiqvb I mvwnZ¨ m½x nb| G Kv‡Ri R‡b¨
Zv‡K AvKl©Yxq †eZb Ges Zvi Lywk gZ KvR Kivi ¯^vaxbZvmn
AvRxeb fvZv eivÏ Kiv nq| wZwb G Kv‡R 7 eQi wb‡qvwRZ
wQ‡jb| Zvi MÖx‡®§i w`b¸‡jv KvUZ Av‡j©i cj­x- cÖmv‡` Ges
kxZKvj KvUZ jʇb| c¨vwim, nj¨vÊ, †ejwRqvg I Rvg©vbx
md‡ii mgq wZwb Av‡j©i m½x wQ‡jb| Avj© †ebRvwgb
d«vsKwj‡bi mv‡_ wcÖówji eÜz‡Z¡i Kvi‡Y weeªZ †eva Ki‡Z
_v‡Kb| KiY G mgq d«v‡Ý †h wec­e PjwQj d«vsKwjb Zvi
mg_©K wQ‡jb| wcÖówj AvbyôvwbKfv‡e d«vsKwj‡bi mv‡_ m¤úK©
Z¨vM K‡ib Ges Gi AZ¨íKvj ciB emev‡mi R‡b¨ evwg©snvg
P‡j hvb| GB kn‡i Zvi emevm 11 eQi ¯’vqx nq| hw`I
†klw`KwU wQj AZ¨š— gg©we`viK Uªv‡RwW, Zv m‡Ë¡I GwUB wQj
Zvi Rxe‡bi me‡P‡q myLKi Aa¨vq| hvRK wn‡m‡e Zv‡K mßv‡n
gvÎ GK w`b A_©vr iweev‡i `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Z n‡Zv| †m Kvi‡Y
mßv‡ni evwK w`b¸‡jv‡Z wZwb cÖvYf‡i M‡elYvMv‡i KvR Ki‡Z
I B”Qv gZ wjL‡Z cvi‡Zb|
evwg©snv‡g _vK‡Z wcÖówj Zvi me‡P‡q ¸i“Z¡c~Y© I cÖfvekvjx
MÖš’ History of the Corruptions of Christianity iPbv
K‡ib| G MÖš’wU PvP©‡K cÖPÊ µz× K‡i †Zv‡j| G MÖ‡š’ wcÖówj ïay
wÎZ¡ev‡`i ˆeaZv cÖZ¨vL¨vbB K‡ibwb, Dciš‘ wZwb hxïi
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 223
gvbexqZv‡KI mg_©b K‡ib| wZwb e‡jb, hxï Rb¥ m¤ú‡K© †h me
eY©bv I weeiY cvIqv hvq Zv ci¯úi AmsMwZc~Y| © wZwb wek¦vm
Ki‡Zb †h hxï wQ‡jb GKRb gvbyl| gvby‡li gZB mKj
Dcv`v‡b wZwb MwVZ wQ‡jb| Avi `kRb gvby‡li gZ wZwbI
Amy¯’Zv, AÁZv, ms¯‹vi I `ye©jZvi cÖeYZv m¤úbœ wQ‡jb| we‡k¦
ˆbwZK weavb Pvjyi R‡b¨B Ck¦i Zuv‡K wbe©vwPZ K‡iwQ‡jb| Zuvi
KvR I `vwqZ¡ m¤ú‡K© Zuv‡K wb‡`©kbv †`Iqv n‡qwQj Ges Zuv‡K
cÖ`vb Kiv n‡qwQj A‡jŠwKK ¶gZv| hxï‡K g„Zz¨ cieZ©x
ci†jŠwKK Rxeb m¤ú‡K© wecyj Ávb `vb K‡i gvby‡li Kv‡Q †cÖiY
Kiv n‡qwQj †h Rxe‡b gvbyl‡K Zvi BnRxe‡bi mrKv‡Ri R‡b¨
cyi¯‹…Z Kiv n‡e, wbQK L„óa‡g© `xw¶Z nIqvi R‡b¨ bq| miKvi
wKsev PvP© †KDB wcÖówji GB gZ cQ›` Ki‡Z cv‡iwb|
wcÖówj hxïi gvbexqZv‡K ïay mg_©bB K‡ibwb, hxïi
A‡jŠwKK Rb¥MÖn‡Yi (Immaculate Conception) welqwUI
wZwb cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡ib| Gfv‡e wZwb GK bqv wPš—vi wfwË ¯’vcb
K‡ib| Gi djkÖ“wZ‡Z GKZ¡ev`x‡`i Ae¯’v n‡q `uvovq
SÅvwe¶z× mvM‡i nvj- wenxb GK Rvnv‡Ri gZ| mve©Rbxb
GKZ¡ev` bv‡g cwiwPZ †h Av‡›`vj‡bi m~Pbv nq, Zv‡Z GK w`K
wb‡`©kbvi GKvš—B Afve wQj| ZvB hxïi A‡jŠwKK Rb¥MÖn‡Yi
aviYv cÖZ¨vL¨vb m¤ú~Y© Abvek¨K I wZ³ GK ؇›Øi m„wó K‡i hv
GKZ¡v‡`i mg_©K‡`i g½‡ji PvB‡Z ¶wZmvab K‡i †ewk| divwm
wec­e I mš¿v‡mi ivR‡Z¡i cÖwZ mg_©b Rvwb‡q Bsj¨v‡ÊI Abyiƒc
Av‡iKwU Av‡›`vj‡bi Rb¥ N‡U hv eû Bsj¨vÊevmx‡K fxZ K‡i
†Zv‡j| †Muvov PvP© GB my‡hv‡M cÖPviYv Pvjv‡Z _v‡K †h wcÖówji
wk¶v Bsj¨v‡ÊI Abyiƒc Uªv‡RwWi m„wó Ki‡e| Gi d‡j wcÖówj‡K
Acgvb K‡i I Zv‡K ûgwK w`‡q †jLv AmsL¨ wPwV Zvi evwo‡Z
Avm‡Z ïi“ K‡i| †`‡ki wewfbœ ¯’v‡b Zvi KzkcyËwjKv †cvov‡bv
nq|
224 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
1791 L„. 14 RyjvB GK`j †jvK evwg©snv‡gi GKwU †nv‡U‡j
evw¯—j cZ‡bi evwl©Kx D`hvcb KiwQj| G mgq kn‡ii
wePviK‡`i †bZ…‡Z¡ GK wekvj RbZv †nv‡U‡ji evB‡i mg‡eZ
n‡Z ïi“ K‡i| wcÖówj G Av‡jvPbvq AskMÖnY K‡i‡Qb aviYv
K‡i Zviv †nv‡U‡j nvgjv Pvjvq I Rvbvjvi KvP P~Y-© weP~Y© K‡i|
wcÖówj †mLv‡b wQ‡jb bv| RbZv ZLb wcÖówji evwo‡Z nvgjv
Pvjvq| wcÖówji fvlvq ÒZviv wbôyifv‡e jyÚbc~e© mgvß K‡i
evwowU‡Z Av¸b R¡vwj‡q w`j|Ó 56 Zvi M‡elYvMvi, jvB‡eªwi,
Ges Zvi mKj cvÊywjwc I `wjjcÎ cy‡o f¯§xf~Z n‡q hvq| GK
eÜz Av‡M †_‡K mZK© K‡i †`Iqvq wcÖówj †Kvb iK‡g cÖv‡Y i¶v
cvb| ciw`b mKj ¸i“Z¡c~Y© GKZ¡ev‡` wek¦vmx gvby‡li evwo
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e‡jb, Ò †n BmivBwjMY, Ck¦‡i cÖ_g wb‡`©k nj Avgv‡`i
cÖfy whwb Ck¦i wZwb GK cÖfyÓ BZ¨vw` Ges ag©¸i“ Zvi Rev‡e
e‡jb Ònu¨v cÖfy! Avcwb mZ¨ e‡j‡Qb: KviY Ck¦i GKRbB
Av‡Qb Ges wZwb Qvov Avi †Kvb Ck¦i †bBÓ BZ¨vw`|
hxï me©`vB Zvi Ck¦i I wcZv wn‡m‡e GB GK Ck¦‡ii
DcvmbvB K‡i‡Qb| wZwb ej‡Zb Zuvi ag©gZ I kw³ wZwb
Ck¦‡ii KvQ †_‡KB cÖvß Ges wZwb evisevi Zvi wb‡Ri †Kvb
kw³ ev ¶gZv _vKvi K_v A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb (†hvnb 5 t19),
ÒZLb hxï Reve w`‡jb Ges Zv‡`i D‡Ï‡k¨ ej‡jb,
ÔwbðqB, wbðqB Avwg †Zvgv‡`i ejwQ, cyÎ wb‡R wKQyB
Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|Ó ÒAvwg †Zvgv‡`i Kv‡Q hv e¨³ K‡iwQ, Zv
Avgvi wb‡Ri K_v bq, †m¸‡jv nj Avgvi wcZvi whwb Avgvi
wfZ‡i evm K‡ib, wZwbB mewKQy K‡ibÓ (MvjvZx 14 : 19)|
ÒAvgvi mn‡hvMx‡`i Kv‡Q Mgb Ki Ges Zv‡`i D‡Ï‡k¨ ej,
Avwg Avgvi wcZvi I †Zvgv‡`i wcZvi Ges Avgvi Ck¦i I
†Zvgv‡`i Ck¦‡ii Aaxb¯’Ó (MvjvZxq 20 : 17)| †Kvb Ck¦i
G ai‡bi fvlv e¨envi Ki‡eb, †Kvbµ‡gB Zv n‡Z cv‡i bv|
†kl w`‡Ki ag©cÖPviKMY Zv‡`i †jLv, K_v evZ©vi GKB
wek¦vm I aviYv e¨³ K‡i‡Qb| Zviv wcZv‡K GKgvÎ cÖK…Z
Ck¦i Ges L„ó‡K GKRb gvbyl I Ck¦‡ii ev›`v wn‡m‡eB
Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb whwb Zv‡K cybi“¾xweZ K‡iwQ‡jb Ges
Zuvi cÖwZ AvbyM‡Z¨i cyi¯‹vi wn‡m‡e L„ó †h mKj kw³i
AwaKvix wQ‡jb Zv wZwb Zv‡K w`‡qwQ‡jb| (†cÖwiZ‡`i Kvh©
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 233
2 : 22)| wcUvi e‡j‡Qb Ò †n BmivBwjMY, †Zvgiv †kvb,
bvRv‡i‡_i hxï, wZwb †Zvgv‡`i g‡a¨ Ck¦i KZ©…K g‡bvbxZ,
wZwb A‡jŠwKK, Avðh© ¶gZv I wb`k©bmg~‡ni AwaKvix hv
Ck¦i Zv‡K w`‡q‡Qb, BZ¨vw`, Ck¦i Zv‡K cybi“¾xweZ
K‡i‡Qb|Ó cjI e‡j‡Qb, ÒCk¦i GKRbB weivRgvb Ges
Ck¦i I gvby‡li g‡a¨ GKRb ga¨¯’ wQ‡jb, †mB †jvKwU
n‡jb whïwLªóÓ (Zxg_xq 2 : 5)|
BwZnv‡mi avivq †`Lv hv‡e †h †m me mvaviY gvbyl, hv‡`i
e¨env‡ii R‡b¨ wbD †Uóv‡g›U iwPZ n‡qwQj, Zviv †m¸‡jvi
g‡a¨ L„‡ói †Kvb cÖvK- Aw¯—Z¡ ev Ck¦iZ¡ †`‡Lwb| A_P
GLbKvi eû †jvKB `„p wek¦vmx †h Zviv †m¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Zv
†`‡L‡Q| Zv hw` mZ¨B n‡q _v‡K Zvn‡j Iì I wbD
†Uóv‡g‡›U †hgb mywbw`©ó GK Ck¦‡ii gZev` my®úófv‡e wk¶v
†`Iqv n‡q‡Q wÎZ¡ev` †mLv‡b my®úófv‡e wk¶v †`Iqv nqwb
†Kb? b~¨bZgfv‡e wbD †Uóv‡g‡›U †Zv Zv mywbw`©ófv‡e ejv
†hZ| †Kb GKZ¡ev`‡K GZ kZ©nxbfv‡e, wÎZ¡ev‡`i cÖwZ
†Kvb Qvo e¨wZ‡i‡K, hv‡Z G e¨vcv‡i †Kvb weåvwš— bv NU‡Z
cv‡i GZ ¯úófv‡e eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q? †hgbwU AvRKvj
†Muvov wk¶v ixwZ, ag©gZ, Dc‡`k mKj †¶‡ÎB wÎZ¡ev‡`i
weåvwš—‡K jvjb Kiv n‡”Q| ag©ZË¡we` MY LyeB gvgywj
K_vevZ©vi Dci Abygvb K‡i A™¢yZ Ges A- e¨vL¨v‡hvM¨ wÎZ¡
gZev` m„wó Ki‡Qb hv my¯úó, ewjô Ges ب_©nxbfv‡e ag©MÖš’
mgw_©Z e‡j Kv‡iv Kv‡QB cÖgvY Kiv hvq bv|
evB‡e‡j Ggb eû Ask i‡q‡Q †h¸‡jv‡Z my¯úó I ewjôfv‡e
GKZ¡ev‡`i gZev` †NvwlZ n‡q‡Q| wÎZ¡ev‡`i mg_©‡b
GiKg †Kvb GKwU gvÎ Ask DׄZ Kiv hv‡e bv| Zvn‡j
my¯úó I ewjô mv¶¨ cÖgvY e¨wZ‡i‡K inm¨gq me wel‡q
Avgiv †Kb wek¦vm Kie? hviv wek¦vm K‡i †h L„ó nq Ck¦i
234 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
A_ev Ck¦‡ii Aax‡b c„w_exi mªóv Zv‡`i we‡ePbvi R‡b¨
Av‡iKwU welq GLv‡b DÌvwcZ n‡Z cv‡i| GwU nj :
Avgv‡`i cÖfy (hxï) wb‡Ri m¤ú‡K© †h fvlvq I fw½‡Z K_v
e‡jb Ges Zvi †h kw³ w`‡q wZwb A‡jŠwKK Kg©KvÊ mvab
K‡ib, Zv Zvi fvlvi mv‡_ AmsMwZc~Y© e‡j g‡b n‡e hw` Zv
†_‡K Ab¨ †Kvb e¨w³i †P‡q Zvi wb‡Ri †Kvb kw³ AwaK
i‡q‡Q e‡j aviYv Kiv nq|
hw` L„ó c„w_exi mªóv n‡Zb Zvn‡j wZwb wb‡Ri m¤ú‡K©
ej‡Zb bv †h wZwb wb‡R wKQy Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv, wZwb hv e‡jb
Zv wb‡Ri K_v bq Ges Zvi g‡a¨ †h wcZv Av‡Q wZwbB
mewKQy K‡ib| †Kvb mvaviY †jvK, Ab¨ mvaviY †jv‡Ki gZ
KvR K‡i hw` G ai‡bi fvlv e¨envi KiZ Ges ejZ †h †m
wKQy e‡j bv ev K‡i bv, Zvi gva¨‡g Ck¦iB mewKQy e‡jb I
K‡ib Ges †m †Kvb wKQyB ej‡Z ev Ki‡Z m¶g bqÑ Avgiv
ej‡Z wØav KiZvg bv †h †m nq wg_¨vev`x A_ev ag©
AegvbbvKvix...|
hw` g‡b Kiv nq †h L„ó hLb e‡j‡Qb †h Zvi wcZv Zvi
†P‡qI †kÖôZi ZLb wZwb Zvi gvbe mËvi K_v e¨³
K‡i‡Qb, A_P GKB mv‡_ Zvi Hk¦wiK mËv m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c
Ck¦‡ii mgK¶ wQj, Zvn‡j Zv n‡e fvlvi Ace¨envi| gw_,
gvK© ev j~‡Ki Mm‡c‡j Hk¦wiKZ¡, GgbwK AwZ ˆ`weK mËv
e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv hvq, Ggb wKQy hxïi cÖwZ Av‡ivwcZ
nqwb| R‡bi Mm‡c‡ji f~wgKvq G ai‡bi wKQy Avfvm Av‡Q
e‡j ¯^xKvi K‡i wb‡jI GK_v we‡klfv‡e D‡jL¨ †h †mLv‡b
Ggb eû Ask Av‡Q hv‡Z P~ovš— fv‡e hxï‡K GKRb mvaviY
gvbyl wn‡m‡eB wPwýZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
GLb G L„óvbiv Dcjwä Ki‡Z cv‡i bv †h hv‡`i R‡b¨
Mm‡cjmg~n iwPZ n‡qwQj †mB Bqvû`x A_ev A-Bqvû`x‡`i
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 235
GZ ¸i“Z¡c~Y© GKwU wel‡q Z‡_¨i cÖ‡qvRb wQj bv hv G Dfq
†kÖwYi †jvK‡`i aviYvi evB‡i wQj eis hv GKB mg‡q
µz‡ki mgv‡jvPbv‡K Kvh©Kifv‡e Ave„Z K‡iwQj, hv wQj †m
hy‡Mi L„óvb‡`i Ae¨vnZ `y`©kvi KviY| L„‡ói Ck¦iZ¡ A_ev
Zvi c~e© Aw¯—‡Z¡i gZev` hw` mZ¨ nq Zvn‡j Zv †h AwZ
fxlY ¸i“Z¡c~Y© I AvMÖ‡nvÏxcK welq Zv‡Z †Kvb m‡›`n
†bB| wKš‘ †h‡nZz G L„óvbiv †m¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© mywbw`©ó I
my¯úó †Kvb weeiY w`‡Z cv‡i bv Ges Zv‡`i ¸i“Z¡
m¤ú‡K©I wKQy e‡j bv, myZivs wbwðZfv‡e ejv hvq G¸‡jv
Zv‡`i AÁvZ wQj|
Av‡iKwU cÖkœI Zv‡`i‡K Aek¨B Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| Zv nj,
ag©cÖPviKvixiv hLb hxï‡K Ck¦i A_ev Ck¦‡ii Aaxb c„w_exi
mªóv‡K GK AwZ- ˆ`weK kw³ wn‡m‡e Avwe®‹vi Ki‡jb,
ZviciI Zviv wK fv‡e Zv‡`i †cÖwiZ‡`i Kvh©vejx (Book
of Acts) MÖ‡š’ Ges cÎvewj‡Z memgqB hxï‡K GKRb
gvbyl wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ Ki‡jb? D³ aviYvi ci GUv wQj
Agh©v`vKi, A¯^vfvweK I A‡hŠw³K, gvby‡li iƒ‡c Zvi
Dcw¯’wZ G‡Kev‡iB †egvbvb|... Avmyb, Avgiv †cÖwiZ‡`i I
hxïi wkl¨‡`i ¯’v‡b wb‡R‡`i ¯’vcb Kwi| Zviv wbwðZfv‡e
hxï‡K Zv‡`i gZB GKRb gvbyl wn‡m‡e †f‡ewQ‡jb e‡jB
Zvi mv‡_ mv¶vr I K_vevZ©v e‡jwQ‡jb| G e¨vcv‡i †Kvb
m‡›`n _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| Gici, wZwb gvbyl bb, eis cÖK…Z
c‡¶ Ck¦i, A_ev c„w_exi mªóv e‡j Rvb‡Z cvi‡j Zv‡`i
we¯§q †ZgbwUB nZ †hgbwU Avgv‡`i n‡e hw` Avgiv
Avwe®‹vi Kwi †h Avgv‡`i †PbvRvbv †Kvb GKRb gvbyl ev¯—
‡e Ck¦i A_ev c„w_exi mªóv| GLv‡b Avgv‡`i we‡ePbv Ki‡Z
n‡e †h Avgv‡`i †Kgb Abyf~wZ nZ Ges Avgiv G ai‡bi
GKRb e¨w³i mv‡_ †Kgb e¨envi KiZvg Ges Zvi mv‡_
236 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
Kxfv‡e K_v ejZvg| Avwg Av¯’vkxj †h †KD hw` Dcjwä
Ki‡Z cv‡i †h GB †jvKwU Ck¦i A_ev GKRb ¯^M©xq `~Z, †m
KL‡bvB H e¨w³‡K Avi gvbyl wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ Ki‡e bv|
†m Gici †_‡K Zvi c` I gh©v`vi Dc‡hvMx cš’vq Zvi mv‡_
K_v ej‡e|
aviv hvK, Avgv‡`i mv‡_ mswk­ó †h †Kvb `yÕe¨w³ cix¶v
wbix¶vi ci ¯^M©xq `~Z gvB‡Kj I M¨vweª‡qj (†d‡ikZv
wgKvBj I wReivBj) e‡j cÖgvwYZ n‡jb| GiciI wK
Avgiv Zv‡`i gvbyl e‡jB AvL¨vwqZ Kie? Aek¨B bv|
Avgiv ZLb ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB eÜz‡`i eje, ÒH `yB e¨w³
hv‡`i Avgiv gvbyl e‡j RvbZvg, Zviv gvbyl bb, QÙ‡e‡k
¯^M©xq `~Z|Ó G K_vwU n‡e ¯^vfvweK| whïwLªó hw` c„w_ex‡Z
Avmvi c~‡e© gvby‡li PvB‡Z †ewk wKQy n‡Zb, we‡kl K‡i wZwb
hw` Ck¦i ev c„w_exi mªóv n‡q _vK‡Zb, wZwb KL‡bvB
c„w_ex‡Z _vKvKv‡j GKRb gvbyl wn‡m‡e KL‡bvB MY¨ n‡Zb
bv, †Kbbv wZwb Zvi †kÖôZ¡ I Avmj ˆewkó¨ Z¨vM Ki‡Z
cvi‡Zb bv| wZwb hw` QÙ‡e‡kI _vK‡Zb Zvn‡j cÖK…Zc‡¶
wZwb c~‡e© hv wQ‡jb ZvB _vK‡Zb Ges hviv Zv‡K cÖK…Zc‡¶
wPbZ, Zv‡`i Kv‡Q †mfv‡eB wZwb AvL¨vwqZ n‡Zb|
hxï L„ó‡K ZLb †Kvbµ‡gB b¨vqwbô, hyw³ev`x gvbyl wn‡m‡e
MY¨ Kiv n‡Zv bv, hw`I Zvi evwn¨K Dcw¯’wZ gvbyl‡K
Awff~³ KiZ Ges Zviv Zv‡K G bv‡g WvKZ bv|
wbD †Uóv‡g‡›Ui evM- ˆewk‡ó¨i w`‡K `„wó w`‡j cÖwZwU
†jv‡Ki g‡b †h K_vUv bvov †`‡e Zv nj ÔL„óÕ I ÔCk¦iÕ bvgK
`yÕwU AvL¨v hv ci¯úi we‡ivax wn‡m‡e AvMv‡MvovB e¨envi
n‡q‡Q ÔCk¦iÕ I ÔgvbylÕ kã ؇qi gZ| Avgiv hw` k‡ãi
mvaviY e¨env‡ii welqwU we‡ePbv Kwi, Avgiv m‡š—v‡li mv‡_
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 237
†`L‡Z cve †h GgbwU KLbB NUZ bv hw` cÖ_gwU c‡iiwUi
¸Y wb‡`©kK n‡Zv, A_©vr hw` L„ó Ck¦i n‡Zb|
Avgiv ewj, ÒivRcyÎ Ges ivRvÓ, KviY ivRcyÎ ivRv bb|
hw` wZwb ivRv n‡Zb, Zvn‡j Avg‡`i‡K Ab¨ †Kvb
cv_©K¨m~PK kã †hgb Òe„nr I ¶z`ªÓ ÔEaŸ©Zb I Aa¯—bÕ
ÔwcZv I cyÎÕ BZ¨vw` e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡Z| hLb ag©cÖPviK
cj e‡jb †h Kwib‡_i PvP© L„‡ói Ges L„ó Ck¦‡ii GKRb,
(wbD †Uóv‡g‡›U evisevi GiKg D‡jL Av‡Q) ZLb cÖZxqgvb
nq †h A_©c~Y©fv‡e L„‡ói Ck¦i nIqv m¤ú‡K© Zvi †Kvb aviYv
wQj bv| Abyiƒcfv‡e wK¬‡gÝ †ivgvbvm KZ©…K L„ó‡K ÒHk¦wiK
gwngvi ivR`ÊÓ wn‡m‡e AvL¨vwqZ Kiv †_‡K ch©vß cÖgvY
†g‡j †h Zvi g‡Z ivR`Ê nj GK wRwbm Ges Ck¦i Ab¨
wRwbm| Avgvi e³e¨ GB †h K_vwU hLb cÖ_g ejv n‡qwQj
ZLb Zvi A_© GiKgB wQj|
evB‡ej¸‡jvi mvgwMÖK gg© Ges KwZcq we‡ePbv †_‡K wm×vš—
Kiv hvq †h †m¸‡jv wÎZ¡ev‡`i A_ev L„‡ói Ck¦iZ¡ A_ev
cÖvK Aw¯—‡Z¡i c‡¶ †gv‡UB AbyK‚j bq| Dciš‘ Av‡iKwU
we‡ePbvi w`‡K j¶¨ Kiv hvq †hw`‡K Kv‡iviB `„wó Lye GKUv
c‡owb hv GmKj gZev‡`i m¤ú~Y© cwicš’x Ges Zv Zv‡`i
ag©MÖ‡š’i gZev‡`iI wei“‡×| †mwU nj hxï gmxn n‡jI †m
welqwU ag©cÖPviK I Bqvû`x‡`i Kv‡Q AZ¨š— mZK©Zvi mv‡_
cÖKvk Kiv n‡qwQj| Avg‡`i cÖfy `xN© mgq hver G wel‡q
my¯úó wKQyB e‡jbwb, eis Bqvû`x‡`i gZ Zvi wkl¨‡`iI
Zuv‡K †`‡L wm×vš— †bqvi Rb¨ Zv‡`i Dci †Q‡o †`b| wZwb
ïay Zvi Kv‡Q e¨vwÞó †hvnb Gi †cÖwiZ `~Z‡`i‡KB e¨vcviwU
Rvwb‡q wQ‡jb|
hxï wb‡R‡K gmxn e‡j †NvlYvi ci hw` m‡e©v”P cy‡ivwnZ
Zvi †cvkvK wQu‡o †djvi gva¨‡g AvZ¼ cÖKvk K‡i _v‡Kb,
238 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
Zvn‡j wZwb hw` Ab¨ †Kvb D”PZi iKg `vwe Ki‡Zb, Zv
†kvbv ev m‡›`n Kivi ci H cy‡ivwnZ wK Ki‡Zb? hw` wZwb
†m iKg wKQy `vwe Ki‡Zb Z‡e wbðqB Zv cÖKvk †cZ| hLb
mvaviY gvbyl Zuvi A‡jŠwKK Kvh©vejx cÖZ¨¶ Kij, Zviv
wew¯§Z n‡qwQj G †f‡e †h Ck¦i GKRb gvbyl‡K G ai‡bi
¶gZv `vb Ki‡Z cv‡ib! RbMY hLb Zv †`Lj Zviv wew¯§Z
I PgrK…Z nj Ges Ck¦‡ii gwngv †NvlYv Kij whwb gvbyl‡K
G ai‡bi ¶gZv w`‡q‡Qb (gw_ 9 : 8)| †n‡iv` †h mgq Zvi
K_v ïb‡jb, †KD †KD aviYv Kij wZwb Bwjqvm Av. †KD
†KD ejj wZwb bex Ges †KD †KD ejj wZwb cybR©xeb
jvfKvix †hvnb| wKš‘ †KDB Zuv‡K m‡e©v”P Ck¦i A_ev
Ck¦‡ii Aaxb c„w_exi mªóv wn‡m‡e fv‡ewb| GKwU †jvKI
GK_v e‡j bv †h hxï Zvi wb‡Ri kw³‡Z GiKg A‡jŠwKK
¶gZv cÖ`k©b Ki‡Qb| †cÖwiZMY hw` cÖK…Zc‡¶ hxïi
Ck¦i‡Z¡i gZev`B cÖPvi Ki‡Zb Ges ag©vš—wiZ Bqvû`xiv hw`
mvgwMÖKfv‡e Zv MÖnY KiZ Zvn‡j Awek¦vmx Bqvû`x‡`i g‡a¨
Zv Aek¨B mywew`Z _vKZ Ges †m mgq hviv c~e©vci
GKZ¡ev‡` `„pfv‡e wek¦vmx wQj Zviv wK GKvwaK Ck¦‡ii
ag©gZ cÖPv‡ii R‡b¨ L„óvb‡`i Kv‡Q AvcwË DÌvcb KiZ bv?
GLb ch©š— †cÖwiZ‡`i Kvh©vejx MÖš’ wKsev wbD †Uóv‡g‡›Ui
†KvbLv‡bB G ai‡bi †Kvb wKQyi mv¶vr cvIqv hvqwb| `yB
A_ev wZbRb Ck¦i m¤úwK©Z Awf‡hv‡Mi Reve `vb KwZcq
cÖvPxb L„óvb cv`ªxi iPbvi D‡jL‡hvM¨ Ask wQj| ZviciI
†Kb Avgiv †cÖwiZ‡`i mg‡q G ai‡bi wKQy Luy‡R cvB bv?
Gi Reve GKUvBÑ Avi Zv nj GB †h, ZLb Ggb cwiw¯’wZi
D™¢e nqwb Ges L„‡ói Ck¦i‡Z¡i gZev`I DÌvwcZB nqwb|
gw›`i I AvB‡bi wei“‡× K_v ejv Qvov wó‡d‡bi wei“‡× Avi
wK Awf‡hvM wQj (†cÖwiZ‡`i Kvh© 6 : 13)? Avgiv hw`
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 239
c‡ji mKj md‡iB Zvi m½x nB Ges Bqvû`x‡`i
Dcvmbvj‡q (Synagogue) Bqvû`x‡`i mv‡_ Zvi
Av‡jvPbvmg~‡n †hvM †`B, Zv‡`i Aweivg I cÖPÊ wbh©vZ‡bi
welq j¶ Kwi, Zvn‡j †`L‡Z cve †h wZwb hxïi bqv
Ck¦i‡Z¡i cÖPvi K‡i‡Qb e‡j Bqvû`xiv †Kvb m‡›`n cÖKvk
Ki‡Q bv| hw` hxïi Ck¦iZ¡ cÖPvi Kiv n‡Zv Zvn‡j Bqvû`xiv
Zv‡`i wPivPwiZ wbq‡g GK bqv Ck¦‡ii cÖPvi n‡”Q e‡j
Awf‡hvM DÌvcb KiZ|
†cÖwiZMY KL‡bvB hxïi Ck¦iZ¡ ev c~e© Aw¯—‡Z¡i gZ †Kvb
gZev‡`i e¨vcv‡i wK KL‡bv wb‡`©wkZ n‡qwQ‡jb? hw` ZvB
nZ Zvn‡j Zvi mv‡_ Zv‡`i ms‡hvM ¯’vc‡bi mgqKvjwU
Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q aiv coZ †h‡nZz †mwU wQj ZLbI m¤ú~Y© bZzb
I A¯^vfvweK GK gZev`| hw` G wel‡qi mZ¨Zv m¤ú‡K©
Zviv `„pfv‡e m‡›`ngy³ bv _vK‡Zb, Zvn‡j ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB
Zviv we¯§q cÖKvk Ki‡Zb| Zviv hw` AwePj wek¦v‡m Zv
Ab¨‡`i wk¶v w`‡Zb Z‡e Zviv Zv‡`i Zvr¶wYK fv‡e MÖnY
KiZ bv| wKQy welq m¤ú‡K© m‡›`n _vK‡j Zv‡`i ZK©-
weZK© Kiv wKsev KZK¸‡jv wel‡q AvcwËi Reve w`‡Z
n‡Zv| wKš‘ Zv‡`i mgMÖ BwZnv‡m Ges Zv‡`i wekvj iPbvi
fvÊv‡i Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i we¯§q ev m‡›`n wKsev Ab¨‡`i
m‡›`n ev AvcwËi †Kvb cÖgvY †g‡j bv|
GK_v Aek¨B ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z n‡e †h Dcvmbvi h_vh_ j¶¨e¯‘
n‡”Qb wcZv Ck¦i, wÎZ¡ev‡` hv‡K Ck¦i‡`i g‡a¨ cÖ_g e¨w³
ejv nq| Kvh©Z ag©MÖš’¸‡jv‡Z GiKg †Kvb Aby‡gvw`Z weavb
cvIqv hvq bv hv Avgv‡`i Ab¨ †Kvb Ck¦i ev Z`vbyiƒc
KvD‡K m‡¤^vab Ki‡Z e‡j| G wel‡q ¯^‡cœ hxï‡K †`Lvi ci
Zuvi D‡Ï‡k¨ wó‡d‡bi Kw_Z msw¶ß fvl‡bi D‡j¨L
¸i“Z¡nxb| hxï me mgqB Zuvi wcZv Ck¦‡ii Kv‡Q cÖv_©bv
240 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
Ki‡Zb, Avi Zv wZwb Ki‡Zb GZ webxZ I AvZ¥ mgwc©Z
fv‡e hv GKRb AwZ wbf©ikxj e¨w³i c‡¶B ïay Kiv m¤¢e|
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(hwb wQ‡jb R‡bi fvB) Ges wcUvi‡K e›`x Ki‡jb, Avgiv
cvV Kwi †h Pv‡P© Aweivg ÒCk¦‡ii D‡Ïk¨Ó cÖv_©bv Kiv
n‡qwQj; L„‡ói D‡Ï‡k¨ bq, ÒZuvi Rb¨Ó (†cÖwiZ‡`i Kvh© 12
: 5)| cj I mvBjvm hLb wdwjwci KvivMv‡i e›`x wQ‡jb,
Avgiv cvV Kwi †h ZLb Zviv ÒCk¦‡ii ¸YMvb I cÖksmv
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 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 241
cj‡K †Ri“hv‡jg Mgb Ki‡j Zvi cwiYwZ m¤ú‡K© ûuwkqvi
K‡i †`Iqv nj, ZLb wZwb e‡jwQ‡jb ÒCk¦i hv B”Qv K‡ib
ZvB n‡e (†cÖwiZ‡`i Kvh© 21 : 14)| G †_‡K Aek¨B g‡b
Kiv hvq †h Zviv wcZv Ck¦i‡KB eywS‡q‡Qb, KviY hxï
wb‡RI G †¶‡Î GKB fvlv e¨envi K‡iwQ‡jb| †hgb Ck¦‡ii
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c~iY †nvK...|
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bb, ïay GK Ck¦i| d‡j Zviv cÖ‡Z¨‡K c~Y©v½ Ck¦i nIqv
m‡Ë¡I GK Ges eû DfqB| GwU wbtm‡›`‡n GK ¯^we‡ivax
welqÑ †hgb GK_v ejv †h wcUvi, †Rgb I Rb G‡`i
cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB GK GKRb c~Y©v½ gvbyl nIqvi R‡b¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq
mewKQyB Av‡Q, Z‡e Zviv mw¤§wjZfv‡e wZb e¨w³ bqÑ
GKRb gvÎ| ÒCk¦iÓ A_ev ÒgvbylÓ kã ؇qi mv‡_ mswk­ó
aviYv mg~n G `yÕwU cÖ¯—v‡ei cÖK…wZ‡Z †Kvb cv_©K¨ m~wPZ
Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| wbwmqvi KvDw݇ji ci GB we‡kl ixwZ‡ZB
wÎZ¡ev‡`i gZev`‡K e¨vL¨v Kivi eû `„óvš— i‡q‡Q| †m hy‡Mi
hvRK I cÖv`ªxMY we‡klfv‡e wZb Òe¨w³iÓ c~Y©v½ mgK¶Zv
i¶vi e¨vcv‡i we‡kl AvMÖnx wQ‡jb| Avi Zv Ki‡Z wM‡q
Zviv GK‡Z¡i welqwU m¤ú~Y© wemR©b w`‡qwQ‡jb| hv †nvK, G
242 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
gZev` Kxfv‡e e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡qwQj, †mwU †Kvb e¨vcvi bv
n‡jI G¸‡jvi GKwU‡K me©`vB Ab¨wUi R‡b¨ ewj w`‡Z nq|
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wb‡q gvbyl weåvwš—i wkKvi, †m Kvi‡Y Zv mywbw`©ó nIqv
cÖ‡qvRb| ÒmËvÓ AvL¨vwU cÖ‡Z¨KwU wel‡qi Ges Zvici wÎ-
Ck¦‡ii wZb e¨w³i cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki ¸YevPK AvL¨v n‡Z cv‡i|
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mËv †bB, ˆewkó¨ †bB hv w`‡q Zvi ¸Y cÖKvk cvq| Zvn‡j
GUv‡K GK A_©nxb welq Qvov Avi wKQy ejv hvq bv| wKš‘
hLb ejv nq †h Gme e¨w³‡`i cÖ‡Z¨‡KB ¯^qs Ck¦i, Gi A_©
Aek¨B GB n‡e †h wcZv c„_Kfv‡e GKwU mËv, cyÎ
c„_Kfv‡e GKwU mËv Ges Z`vbyiƒc cweÎ AvZ¥viI
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e¨w³| †m †¶‡Î GB wZbRb Ck¦i Qvov Avi wK n‡Z cv‡ib
hw` bv Abygvb Kiv hvq †h wZbRb mgwš^Z e¨w³ A_ev
wZbRb wcZv, wZbRb cyÎ A_ev wZbRb cweÎ AvZ¥v Av‡Qb?
wcZvi hw` Rb¥`v‡bi inm¨gq wewPÎ ¶gZv _v‡K, Z‡e
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Zvn‡j ïi“‡Z hv wQj GLb Zv †bB †Kb? Zuvi c~Y©v½Zv wK
GKB Av‡Q Ges Zuvi cwiKíbv Kivi ¶gZvI wK GKiB
iKg i‡q‡Q? ZvB hw` nq Zv n‡j Av‡iv mš—vb wZwb Drcv`b
K‡ibwb †Kb? †Muvov hvRKiv †hgbwU wRÁvmv K‡i †m iKg
wZwb wK mš—vb Rb¥`v‡b A¶g n‡q c‡o‡Qb? A_ev wZwb Zuvi
Rb¥`v‡bi ¶gZv Kv‡R jvMv‡eb wKbv †mB B”Qv I gwR©i
DciB wK Zv wbf©ikxj? wZwb Zuvi Øviv wfbœfv‡e m„ó Ab¨
†Kvb iƒc ev AvK…wZ m¤úbœ Ab¨ †Kvb wKQyi gZB? Ges wZwb
ZuviB gZ GKB Dcv`v‡b MwVZ n‡eb wK bv?
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 243
G cÖkœI Aek¨B Ki‡Z n‡e †h wÎ-Ck¦‡ii Z…Zxq e¨w³ †Kvb
cš’vq Drcbœ n‡q‡Qb| Zv‡K cÖ_g `yÕe¨w³i ¯^- ¯^ c~Y©v½Zvi
AwfcÖvq †_‡K †hŠ_ ¶gZvi gva¨‡g n‡q‡Q? hw` ZvB nq,
Zvn‡j GKB Kvh©µ‡g †Kb PZz_© ev c‡i Av‡iv Drcbœ Kiv
nj bv?
hv †nvK, wÎZ¡ev‡`i GB A™¢yZ Rb¥`v‡bi K_v ¯^xKvi K‡i
wb‡j cy‡Îi e¨w³K Aw¯—Z¡ Zvi wcZvi †gav †_‡KB DrmvwiZ
e‡j Aek¨B ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z nq, Avi Zv cy‡Îi Zzjbvq
wbwðZfv‡e wcZvi AMÖvwaKvi A_ev †kÖô‡Z¡i K_vB Zz‡j
a‡i| Avi †Kvb mËvB h_vh_ Ck¦i n‡Z cv‡i bv hw` Zvi
†P‡q EaŸ©Zb ev †kÖô †KD _v‡K, ms‡¶‡c GB cwiKíbv
Kvh©Kifv‡e h_vh_ mgK¶Zvi Ges cvkvcvwk wÎZ¡ev‡` wZb
e¨w³i GK‡Z¡i gZev`‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i|
wÎZ¡ev‡`i e¨vcv‡i cÖavb AvcwË GB †h GwU nj Hk¦wiK
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cÖwZôvi cwicš’x| GB GKZ¡ev‡`i ms¯‹vi Kiv A_ev
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n‡e| Avi Zv G Kvi‡Y †h G gZev` eû Ck¦i Z_v †cŠËwjK
Dcvmbvi cÖeZ©b K‡i|60
Bsj¨v‡Êi GKZ¡ev`x Av‡›`vj‡bi Mfxi cÖfve Av‡gwiKv‡ZI
c‡owQj| K¨vjwfbcš’x GKwU †Mvôxi gva¨‡g Gi m~Pbv n‡qwQj|
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cwiYZ nq Ges G ch©v‡q ag©g‡Zi Dci ZZ †ewk ¸i“Z¡ †`Iqv
nZ bv| Gfv‡e ax‡i ax‡i ag©xq cwieZ©‡bi c_ Db¥y³ nq| Pvj©m
Pbmx (Charles Chauncy, 1705-1757 L„.) wQ‡jb †evó‡bi
Awaevmx| wZwb GK Ck¦‡i wek¦vm ¯’vc‡bi GK mywbw`©ó wb‡`©kbv
cÖ`vb K‡ib| †Rgm wd«g¨v‡bi (1759-1835 L„.) †bZ…‡Z¡ wKsm
P¨vcv‡ji ag©xq mgv‡ek wÎZ¡ev` welqK Zv‡`i A¨vsMwjKvb
244 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
wMR©vi mKj ixwZ- bxwZ we‡jvc K‡i| 1785 L„. G NUbv N‡U|
Gfv‡e Av‡gwiKvq cÖ_g GKZ¡ev`x Pv‡P©i Aw¯—Z¡ †NvwlZ nq|
wcÖówji gZev` cÖKv‡k¨ gyw`ªZ I weZwiZ n‡Z _v‡K| AwaKvsk
†jvKB Zv MÖnY K‡i| Gi dj wn‡m‡e †evó‡b GKRb Qvov mKj
hvRK †bZ…e„›` KZ©…K GKZ¡ev` M„nxZ nq|
DBwjqvg Gjwi P¨vwbs (W. Ellery Channing, 1780-
1882)
BDwjqvg Gjvwi P¨vwbs 1780 L„. Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| 23 eQi
eq‡m wZwb †evó‡b AvMgb K‡ib Ges hvR‡Ki `vwqZ¡ cvjb ïi“
K‡ib| wZwb GKZ¡ev`x wPš—v Øviv wecyjfv‡e cÖfvweZ n‡qwQ‡jb|
P¨vwbs KL‡bvB wÎZ¡ev` MÖnY K‡ibwb, Z‡e †m mgq Zv cÖKv‡k¨
†NvlYv Kiv wbivc` wQj bv| Zv‡K Ab¨vb¨ GKZ¡ev`x hvRK‡`i
mv‡_ wg‡j †Mvc‡b wÎZ¡ev` we‡ivax gZev` cÖPv‡ii R‡b¨ Awfhy³
Kiv nq| P¨vwbs Rev‡e e‡jb †h wÎZ¡ev` m¤ú‡K© Zv‡`i gZvgZ
Zviv †Mvcb iv‡Lbwb, Z‡e Zviv †m gZev` Ggbfv‡e cÖPvi
K‡i‡Qb †hb Av‡M Kv‡iv Zv Rvbv wQj bv| P¨vwbs Av‡iv e‡jb,
Zviv G cš’v MÖnY K‡i‡Qb G Kvi‡Y hv‡Z L„óvbiv ci¯ú‡ii
wei“‡× Av‡iv wef³ bv n‡q c‡o| †m Kvi‡Y G ch©v‡q GKZ¡ev`x
Av‡›`vjb cÖKvk¨ iƒc MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡iwb|
1819 L„. P¨vwbs †ifv‡iÊ R¨v‡iW ¯úvK©‡mi (Jared
Sparks) `vwqZ¡ MÖnY Abyôv‡b GK e³…Zv cÖ`vb K‡ib| wZwb
Zvi AbbyKiYxq ixwZ‡Z GKZ¡ev`x a‡g©i g~j ˆewk󨸇jv e¨vL¨v
K‡ib| wZwb e‡jb †h wbD‡Uóv‡g‡›Ui wfwË nj Iì †Uóv‡g›U|
L„óvb‡`i R‡b¨ †h wk¶v cÖPvi Kiv n‡q‡Q, ZvB Bqvû`x‡`i g‡a¨
cÖPvi Kiv n‡qwQj| GwU wQj Ck¦‡ii my`~i cÖmvix wekvj
cwiKíbvi c~Y©Zv hv Dcjwä Kivi R‡b¨ wecyj cÖÁv cÖ‡qvRb|
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 245
wZwb e‡jb, GK_v g‡b †i‡L wZwb G wek¦vm e¨³ K‡i‡Qb †h
cweÎ MÖ‡š’i GK As‡k Ck¦i †h wk¶v cÖ`vb K‡ib Zv Ab¨ As‡ki
mv‡_ we‡ivwaZvc~Y© n‡Z cv‡i bv| Ck¦i Zuvi Mfxi we‡ePbvi ci
Ggb me e¨vL¨vi cÖwZ Avgiv Awek¦vm e¨³ Kwi, hv cÖwZwôZ
m‡Z¨i cwicš’x| P¨vwbs †Rvi w`‡q e‡jb, gvby‡li DwPZ Zvi hyw³
e¨envi Kiv| wZwb e‡jb, ÒCk¦i Avgv‡`i eyw×e„wË w`‡q‡Qb Ges
Gi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i Revew`wn Ki‡Z n‡e| Avgiv hw` G‡K e¨envi
bv K‡i wbw®Œq ivwL, †h †¶‡Î Avgv‡`i wb‡R‡`iB aŸsm †W‡K
Avbv n‡e| Avgiv eyw×m¤úbœ cÖvYx e‡jB Avgv‡`i D‡Ï‡k¨
cÖZ¨v‡`k †cÖiY Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avgiv Avj‡m¨ wbgw¾Z n‡q Avkv
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Kiv, mxgve× Kiv ev wm×vš— MÖn‡Yi †Kvb cÖ‡qvRb †bB| wKš‘
GUv n‡e Avgv‡`i eZ©gvb Aw¯—‡Z¡i mvgwMÖK ˆewk‡ó¨i PvB‡Z
c„_K wKQy| cÖZ¨v‡`k †hfv‡e Avgv‡`i Dci Awc©Z n‡q‡Q Zv‡K
†mfv‡eB MÖnY Kiv Ges hvi Dci Zvi wek¦vm I wfwË wbf©i K‡i
†mB g‡bi mvnv‡h¨ Zvi e¨vL¨v Kiv cÖÁvi KvR|Ó wZwb Av‡iv
e‡jb, ÒCk¦i hw` Acwimxg Ávbx nb Zvn‡j wZwb Zvi m„wói Ávb
wb‡q †KŠZzK Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| GKRb Ávbx wk¶K Zvi QvÎMY
KZ©…K Zv‡K MÖn‡Yi ¶gZvi g‡a¨B Zvi mv_©KZv †`L‡Z cvb,
Zv‡`i †ev‡ai AMg¨ wKQy wk¶v w`‡q nZwenej K‡i wKsev
ci¯úi we‡ivax weZ‡K©i g‡a¨ Zv‡`i Amnvqfv‡e wb‡¶c K‡i
bq| eyw×i AMg¨ evM ˆkjxi Øviv Avgv‡`i ¶gZvi ewnf©~Z wKQy
†evSv‡bvi †Póv Kiv Ges weZ‡K©i ga¨ w`‡q weåvwš— m„wó I †Kvb
mgvavb bv Kiv cÖÁvi cwiPvqK bq| GKwU cÖZ¨v‡`k GKwU
Hk¦wiK Dcnvi| Zv Avgv‡`i AÁvbZv‡K e„w× Ges RwUjZv‡K
eûgyLx K‡i bv|Ó
GB bxwZ AbymiY K‡i P¨vwbs e‡jb :
246 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
ÒcÖ_‡gB Avgiv wek¦vm Kwi GK Ck¦‡i A_©vr Ck¦i GKRbB Ges
ïaygvÎ GK| GB m‡Z¨i cÖwZ Avgiv A‡kl ¸i“Z¡ cÖ`vb Kwi Ges
†Kvb e¨w³ hv‡Z e¨_© `k©‡bi gva¨‡g Avgv‡`i‡K weåvš— Ki‡Z bv
cv‡i †m R‡b¨ G e¨vcv‡i mZK© `„wó ivL‡Z Avgiv `vqe×| Ck¦i
GK cÖPvwiZ mZ¨wU Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q AZ¨š— mij e‡j g‡b nq| Gi
Øviv Avgiv eywS †h GKRb gvÎ mËvB i‡q‡Qb| GK mËv, GK
gb, GK e¨w³, GK eyw×gvb NUwqZv Ges AwØZxq †mB GKRbB
whwb Aby™¢‚Z, wPiš—b, m¤ú~Y© wbLuyZ Ges cÖfy‡Z¡i AwaKvix| Avgiv
Rvwb †h GB gnv m‡Z¨i hviv fwel¨‡Zi Rb¨ AvgvbZKvix wQj
Ges hviv mËv I e¨w³i ga¨Kvi Pzj‡Piv cv_©K¨ eyS‡Z G‡Kev‡iB
A¶g wQj, †mB mij I AbbykxwjZ †jvK‡`i Kv‡Q GB me kã
Ab¨ †Kvb A_© enb KiZ bv| G me wePvieyw× g~jZ : Av‡iv
cieZ©x Kv‡ji Avwe®‹vi| Avgiv G ai‡bi †Kvb Avfvm cvB bv †h
Ck¦‡ii GKZ¡ Ab¨vb¨ eyw×gvb mËvi GKZ¡ †_‡K m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c c„_K
†Kvb welq wQj|
Avgiv wÎZ¡ev‡`i we‡ivax G Kvi‡Y †h Zv kvwãKfv‡e Ck¦‡ii
GK‡Z¡i K_v ej‡jI Kvh©Z Zvi wecixZ| GB gZev` Abyhvqx
wZbRb Awebk¦i I mgK¶ e¨w³ i‡q‡Qb hviv m‡e©v”P Ck¦i‡Z¡i
AwaKvix, Zv‡`i ejv nq wcZv, cyÎ I cweÎ AvZ¥v| ag©ZvwZ¥KMY
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fv‡jvev‡mb, ci¯úi K_vevZ©v e‡jb Ges G‡K A‡b¨i mnP‡h©
Drdzj­ nb| Zuviv gvby‡li cÖvqwð‡Ëi wewfbœ ch©v‡qi `vwqZ¡ cvjb
K‡ib, cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB i‡q‡Q h_vh_ Kg©¯’j Ges cÖ‡Z¨‡KB hvi hvi
wb‡Ri KvR K‡ib, GKRb Ab¨R‡bi KvR K‡ib bv| cyÎ
ga¨¯’ZvKvix, wZwb wcZv bb| wcZv cy·K †cÖiY K‡ib, wb‡R
†cÖwiZ nb bv| wZwb cy‡Îi gZ †`n m‡PZb bb| myZivs GLv‡b
Avgiv wZb ai‡bi eyw×gvb NUwqZv‡K cvw”Q hviv wfbœ †PZbv‡eva
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 247
m¤úbœ, wfbœ B”Qvi AwaKvix I wfbœ Dcjwä m¤úbœ; Zuviv wfbœ KvR
K‡ib Ges Zuviv wfbœ wfbœ m¤úK© eRvq iv‡Lb| Gme welq hw`
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†h wZbwU gb ev mËv Kxfv‡e MwVZ nq| GwU nj ˆewk‡ó¨i
cv_©K¨, Kg©Kv‡Êi cv_©K¨, †PZbv‡ev‡ai cv_©K¨ hv Avgv‡`i wewfbœ
eyw×m¤úbœ mËvi e¨vcv‡i wek¦vmx K‡i Ges hw` Gme j¶Y mZ¨ bv
nq Zvn‡j mgMÖ Áv‡biB cZb N‡U, KviY Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q †Kvb
cÖgvY †bB †h wek¦- RM‡Zi mKj NUwqZv I e¨w³ GK bb ev
Awfbœ g‡bi bb| Avgiv hLb wZb Ck¦‡ii K_v Kíbv Kivi †Póv
Kwi, Avgiv Avgv‡`i wZbRb NUwqZvi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ Kivi K_v Qvov
†ewk wKQy fve‡Z cvwi bv hviv GKB cÖKvi ˆewkó¨ I ˆewPΨ Øviv
ci¯úi †_‡K c„_K †h¸‡jv wÎZ¡ev‡`i e¨w³‡`iI c„_K K‡i
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ej‡Z, G‡K Aci‡K fv‡jvevm‡Z I wewfbœ Kg©Kv‡Êi `vwqZ¡
cvjb Kivi K_v †kv‡b, ZLb Zviv Kxfv‡e Zv‡`i c„_K mËv,
c„_K gb m¤úbœ bb e‡j g‡b Ki‡Z cv‡i?
Avgiv Avgv‡`i mn‡hvMx fvB‡`i wb›`v bv K‡iI g‡b-cÖv‡Y GB
A‡hŠw³K I ag©MÖš’ ewnf©~Z wÎZ¡ev‡`i cÖwZev` Kwi| ag©cÖPviK I
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248 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
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GB gZev` hw` e¨vcK ¯úóZv, wecyj mZK©Zv I m¤¢ve¨ mKj
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 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 249
wew”Qbœ Ask Øviv, GwU GK mgm¨v, hv Avgv‡`i g‡Z †Kvb D™¢veb
cUzZv Øviv e¨vL¨v Kiv hvq bv|
Avgv‡`i Av‡iKwU mgm¨v Av‡Q| Aek¨B g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †h
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cwi‡ewóZ Ae¯’vq| Zviv G gZev‡`i †Kvb AvcwËKi As‡ki
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Kxfv‡e GUv N‡U †hLv‡b cÖK…Z L„óvb a‡g©i Abymvix‡`i iPbv GB
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Gi mg_©‡b I e¨vL¨vqI GKwU kã e¨q Kiv nqwb, wb›`v I fyj
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kw³kvjx| Avgv‡`i wek¦vm Kiv‡bvi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q †h L„óvb
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L„óvb a‡g© wÎZ¡ev‡`i GB wewPÎ e¨vcvi-m¨vcvi N‡U _vK‡j Zvi
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250 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
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 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 251
Ggb GK Dcvm¨ e¯‘ Pvq hv n‡e Zv‡`i gZB Ges g~wZ© c~Rvi
†Mvcb inm¨wU gvby‡li GB cÖeYZvi g‡a¨B wbwnZ| Avgv‡`i gZ
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¯^‡M©i †mB Ck¦i †_‡K whwb ï× AvZ¥v; A`„k¨ Ges wPš—vkxj I
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bx‡P, wZwb enb K‡ib Avgv‡`i kvw¯—i mgMÖ †evSv Ges wb‡Ri
i³ w`‡q µq K‡ib Ck¦‡ii cÖwZwU Ki“Yv we›`y| L„óvb ag© Zv‡`i
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g‡bi Dci GB Dc¯’vcbvi cÖwZwµqv Kx n‡Z cv‡i Zvi eY©bvi
Avi cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q wK?
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Avgiv wek¦vm Kwi †h hxï GK gb, GK AvZ¥v, cÖK…Zc‡¶ †hgbwU
Avgiv Ges wZwb mgvbfv‡e GK Ck¦i †_‡K Avjv`v| Avgiv
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cwicš’x Ges Zv hxïi mij mZ¨‡K weK…Z Kivi wg_¨v `k©‡bi
¶gZvi GK D‡j¨L‡hvM¨ cÖgvY
252 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
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Ges Z`ycwi Zv‡K `yB gb m¤úbœ e‡j Abygv‡bi KviY Ace¨envi
I Zvj‡Mvj cvKv‡bvi gva¨‡g †evakw³ m¤úbœ mËv m¤ú‡K©
Avgv‡`i aviYvi Dci mvgwMÖKfv‡e GKwU Kv‡jv c`©v Quy‡o
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Abyfe K‡i bv Ges gvby‡li g‡a¨ Hk¦wiK c~Y©v½Zv I myL †bB|
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cv‡ib? Avgiv me mgqB †f‡e G‡mwQ †h GK e¨w³ GK
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†`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Avi G‡¶‡Î GKwU mgš^q mva‡bi R‡b¨B
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 253
Avgv‡`i Aek¨B `yB g‡bi Abygvb Ki‡Z n‡e hv‡Z GB
ˆewkó¨mg~n Zvi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ Kiv hvq| Ab¨ K_vq, wKQy wbw`©ó
Ask‡K mvgÄm¨c~Y© Ki‡Z Avgv‡`i Aek¨B GKwU KwíZ welq
Avwe®‹vi Kiv cÖ‡qvRb hv Av‡iv RwUj Ges e¨vcKfv‡e
A‡hŠw³K| Avgv‡`i GKwU m~‡Îi gva¨‡g GB †MvjK- auvavi
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gvbyl hxïi gyL †_‡K G fvlv D”PvwiZ n‡Z ï‡b‡Q Zviv Aek¨B
Zv mvaviY A‡_©B MÖnY K‡i‡Q Ges wfbœ A‡_© e¨vL¨vi ¯úó wb‡`©k
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R‡b¨B Gme Kiv n‡q‡Q| myZivs Avgiv wek¦vm Kwi †h L„ó GK
gb, GK mËv Ges Avwg Gi mv‡_ †hvM KiwQ †h wZwb GK mËv hv
Ck¦i †_‡K c„_K|... Avgiv Avkv Kwi, hv‡`i mv‡_ Avgv‡`i
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254 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
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hviv Gme K_v ï‡b‡Q Zviv wK G aviYv Ki‡e †h hxïB wQ‡jb
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wZwb kw³ I ¶gZv jv‡fi K_v ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb!
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myweav jv‡fi †Póv K‡i‡Q| Zviv Avgv‡`i e‡j †h GUv Zv‡`i
R‡b¨ Hk¦wiK cÖvqwð‡Ëi my‡hvM m„wó K‡i‡Q, †Kbbv GUv Zv‡`i
†`wL‡q‡Q †h Zv‡`i cv‡ci Kvi‡Y GK Hk¦wiK mËv hš¿Yv †fvM
K‡i‡Qb| GB åvš— hyw³ Zviv GZ Av¯’vi mv‡_ e¨³ K‡i hv †`‡L
wew¯§Z n‡Z nq, hLb Zv‡`i cÖkœ Kiv nq †h Zviv wK cÖK…ZB
wek¦vm K‡i †h GKRb Awebk¦i I AcwieZ©bxq Ck¦i µz‡k we×
n‡q hš¿Yv‡fvM I g„Zz¨eiY K‡i‡Qb? ZLb Zviv ¯^xKvi K‡i †h
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 255
GUv mZ¨ bq| Z‡e L„‡ói gvbweK gbB ïay g„Zz¨ hš¿Yv mn¨ K‡i
wU‡K wQj| Zvn‡j Avgiv GKRb hš¿Yv †fvMxKvix Hk¦wiK mËv‡K
cvw”Q Kxfv‡e? Avgv‡`i g‡b nq, GB me K_v mvaviY gvby‡li
mij g‡bi Dci Pvwc‡q †`Iqv n‡q‡Q Ges Zv Ck¦‡ii b¨vq-
wePv‡ii cÖwZ AZ¨š— Aegvbbv Ki, †h‡nZz G¸‡jv K‚U ZK© I
KíKvwnwb Qvov Avi wKQy bq...|61
Gfv‡e hw`I P¨vwbs wek¦vm Ki‡Zb †h hxï µzkwe× n‡qwQ‡jb
I cybR©xeb jvf K‡iwQ‡jb, Zv m‡Ë¡I wZwb cÖvqwðË gZev‡`i
AmviZv cÖ`k©‡b m¶g wQ‡jb| †h me NUbvi Dci wfwË K‡i G
gZev` cÖwZwôZ, †m¸‡jv †h ev¯—‡e msNwUZ nqwb, †m e¨vcv‡i
wKš‘ wZwb AewnZ wQ‡jb bv| P¨vwbs wb‡æv³ Kvi‡Y cÖvqwðË
gZev` cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡iwQ‡jb :
evB‡e‡j Ggb †Kvb Ask †bB †hLv‡b Avgv‡`i ejv n‡q‡Q
gvby‡li cyÎ Ck¦i Ges Zvi Hk¦wiK cÖvqwðË cÖ‡qvRb| G gZev`
Avgv‡`i wk¶v †`q †h gvbyl hw`I Ck¦i KZ©…K bk¦i, åvwš—kxj I
Ac~Y©v½ mËv wn‡m‡e m„ó, †m mªóvi Kv‡Q GKRb Hk¦wiK weavb
jsNbKvix wn‡m‡eB MY¨| P¨vwbs e‡jb, GKZ¡ev`xiv wek¦vm K‡i
†h Ck¦i †Kvb K‡Vvi kvw¯— QvovB cvc ¶gv Ki‡Z cv‡ib| †h
gZev` Ck¦i‡K GKRb hš¿Yv †fvMKvix I wb‡Ri we‡`ªvncÖeY
m„wói Kvi‡Y cÖvY`v‡bi K_v e‡j Zv A‡hŠw³K I ag©MÖš’ cwicš’x|
cÖvqwðË nq Ck¦‡ii Kv‡Q, Ck¦‡ii Rb¨ cÖvqwðË n‡Z cv‡i bv|
hw` Hk¦wiK cÖvqwðË Acwinvh© nq, hv ïay Ck¦iB Ki‡Z cv‡ib,
†m‡¶‡Î Ck¦i‡K Aek¨B GKRb hš¿Yv †fvMKvix n‡Z n‡e Ges
Avgv‡`i `ytL I e¨_v MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| GUv GK Aev¯—e,
AMÖnY‡hvM¨ Kíbv| GB mgm¨v cwinvi Ki‡Z Avgv‡`i ejv n‡”Q
†h L„ó GKRb gvbyl wn‡m‡e hš¿Yv †fvM K‡ib, Ck¦i wn‡m‡e bq|
wKš‘ gvbyl hw` ¯^í I mxwgZ mg‡qi R‡b¨ hš¿Yv‡fvM K‡i Zvn‡j
wPiš—b cÖvqwð‡Ëi cÖ‡qvRb wK? Avgv‡`i hw` ¯^‡M© wPiš—b ¸Y I
256 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
kw³ m¤úbœ Ck¦i †_‡KB _v‡Kb, Zvn‡j Avgv‡`i i¶vi R‡b¨
Ab¨ †Kvb wPiš—b e¨w³i Avgv‡`i cÖ‡qvRb †bB| GB gZev`
hLb e‡j †h wØZxq I Z…Zxq Ck¦i Qvov Ck¦i †Kvb gvbyl‡K i¶v
Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv, ZLb G gZev` Ck¦‡iiB Aegvbbv K‡i|
gvby‡li gyw³i R‡b¨ b¨vq- wePv‡ii cÖwZ Hk¦wiK mš‘wó hw`
Acwinvh© n‡q _v‡K Z‡e evB‡e‡ji Aš—Z GKwU As‡k Zvi my¯úó
I mywbw`©ó cÖKvk _vKv DwPZ wQj| G gZev` Av`vj‡Z Dcw¯’Z
Acivaxi Øviv msNwUZ Aciv‡ai R‡b¨ wePviK KZ©…K wb‡R‡K
kvw¯— cÖ`v‡bi gZB Aev¯—e I A_©nxb|
evB‡ej e‡j, ÒL„‡ói wePvi Avm‡bi m¤§y‡L cÖ‡Z¨K‡KB nvwRi
n‡Z n‡e Zvi K…ZK‡g©i djjv‡fi R‡b¨, Zv †m fvjB Ki“K Avi
g›`B Ki“K (2Kwib_xq 5 : 10)| Ges cybivq evB‡ej e‡j:
ÒAvgv‡`i cÖ‡Z¨K‡KB Ck¦‡ii Kv‡Q wb‡Ri weeiY w`‡Z n‡eÓ
(†ivgxq 14 : 10)| hw` hxïi µzkwe× nIqvi ga¨ w`‡q AZxZ,
eZ©gvb I fwel¨‡Zi mKj cv‡ci cÖvqwðË n‡q‡Q e‡j Ck¦i mš‘ó
n‡q _v‡Kb, Zvn‡j ag©xq I mrKg©kxj Rxeb-hvc‡bi wb‡`©k
†`Iqvi mKj ¶gZv Ck¦i nvwi‡q‡Qb Ges Aeva¨‡`i kvw¯—
cÖ`v‡biI we‡kl AwaKvi Zuvi †bB| Ck¦i hw` wePvi w`e‡m †Kvb
cvcx‡K kvw¯— cÖ`vb K‡ib Zvn‡j Zvi A_© GB `uvovq †h nq Ck¦i
Zuvi Iqv`v jsNYKvix, bq cÖvqwðË gZev` AmZ¨|
1819 L„. ch©š— Kv‡iv evwo‡Z A_ev †evó‡bi evK©‡j óªxU
Aew¯’Z †gwWK¨vj K‡j‡Ri n‡j GKZ¡ev`x‡`i mgv‡ek AbywôZ
n‡Zv| 1820 L„. GKZ¡ev`x‡`i Dcvmbvi R‡b¨ GKwU fe‡bi
wbg©vY KvR ïi“ nq| 1821 L„. Zv †kl nq| Gi ga¨ w`‡q Zv‡`i
gZev‡`i Av‡iv cÖwZwôZ nIqvi cÖgvY wgj‡jI ZLb ch©š—
GKZ¡ev`x‡`i ag©‡`ªvnx, Awek¦vmx A_ev bvw¯—K e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv
n‡Zv| 62 hv‡nvK, G eQi GKZ¡ev`x‡`i ag©gZ cÖPv‡ii †¶‡Î
mZK©Zvi bxwZi Aemvb N‡U| P¨vwbs GZw`b †Muvov Pv‡P©i msKxY©
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 257
I wZ³ Avµg‡Yi wkKvi n‡q‡Qb, wKš‘ †Kvb cÖwZ-AvµgY Ki‡Z
cv‡ibwb| GLb wZwb Abyfe Ki‡jb †h cvëv AvNvZ nvbvi mgq
G‡m‡Q| Avi Zv Ki‡Z n‡e Zvi me©kw³ w`‡q, AZ¨š— ewjôfv‡e
Zvi ag© wek¦v‡mi mc‡¶ I †Muvov Kzms¯‹v‡ii wei“‡× K_v e‡j|
A History of Unitarianism MÖ‡š’ B.Gg. DBjevi (E.
M. wilbar) P¨vwbs m¤ú‡K© wj‡L‡Qb, Zvi g~j e³e¨ wQj †h
ag©MÖš’¸‡jv hLb hyw³msMZfv‡e e¨vL¨v Kiv nq, ZLb Zv
GKZ¡ev`x‡`i gZev`B wk¶v †`q| G¸‡jv‡Z i‡q‡Q cÖavb
gZev`mg~n hvi Dci GKZ¡ev`x‡`i †Muvovcš’x‡`i †_‡K c„_K
Ges †m¸‡jv Zviv mgybœZ †i‡L‡Q G‡Ki ci GK cix¶v
AbymÜv‡bi R‡b¨... G¸‡jv K¨vjwfbev‡`i gZ A‡hŠw³K,
AgvbweK I nZvkvMÖ¯— cwiKíbv cwic~Y© gZev‡`i wei“‡× ewjô
I ب_©nxb AvnŸvb Rvbvq.... Ges gvby‡li hyw³ I Ávb ewnf©~Z
†mKv‡ji †Muvov L„óvb ag©xq gZev`‡K Awfhy³ K‡i|63
1823 L„. g¨vmvPz‡mU‡m GK m‡¤§jb Abyôv‡bi gva¨‡g
Av‡gwiKvq GKZ¡ev`x Av‡›`vjb Av‡iv kw³kvjx n‡q D‡V| GB
m‡¤§j‡b †hvM`v‡bi R‡b¨ hviv cÖPvi Pvjv‡Z AvMÖnx wQj, †Muvov
PvP© Zv‡`i Dci wb‡lavÁv Av‡iv‡ci †Póv Pvwj‡q e¨_© nq| GB
e¨_©Zv GKZ¡ev`x Av‡›`vjb‡K cÖKvk¨ iƒc jv‡f mvnvh¨ Ges Gi
wewfbœ mgm¨v‡K Awfbœ ¯^v_©i¶vq HK¨e× K‡i|
1827 L„. P¨vwbs Gi weL¨vZ GK ag©xq e³…Zvi ga¨ w`‡q wØZxq
GKwU Pv‡P©i cÖwZôv N‡U| B. Gg. DBjevi wj‡L‡Qb, GB mydj
jv‡fi K…wZZ¡ cÖavbZ ZviB cÖvc¨ G Kvi‡Y †h my®úófv‡e ¯^xKvi
Kiv bv n‡jI wÎZ¡-ev` AvbyôvwbK cÖPvi m‡Ë¡I †Muvov ag© wek¦v‡mi
†K›`ªxq Ae¯’vb wejyß nj, Ges Zvi ¸i“Z¡ Avi Av‡Mi gZ iBj
bv| Dciš‘ K¨vjwfbev‡`i gZev` GK bZzb e¨vL¨v jvf Kij hv
hvRKiv BwZc~‡e© fxwZi mv‡_ cÖZ¨vL¨vb Ki‡Zb|64 me NUbv
cÖwZ‡iva Qvov N‡Uwb| 1833 L„. GKZ¡ev`x‡`i‡K VvÛv gv_vq
258 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
Awek¦vmx e‡j AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq Ges Zv‡`i Ggb wbcxob Kiv
nq †h, Zvi Kv‡Q ag©xq AmwnòyZv I †Muvovwgi c~‡e©i mKj bwRi
¤­vb n‡q hvq|65 Rvbv hvq †h 1924 L„. w`‡K 40 Rb GKZ¡ev`xi
g‡a¨ 30 Rb †evó‡b wgwjZ nb Ges GKwU AÁvZbvgv mwgwZ
cÖwZôv K‡ib| G †_‡K Bw½Z cvIqv hvq †h hw`I Av‡MKvi
w`‡bi GKZ¡ev`x‡`i gZ `yf©vM¨RbK cwiYwZ ei‡Yi Avk¼v
Zv‡`i wQj bv, Zv m‡Ë¡I GK Ck¦‡ii mg_©bKvix GKRb L„óv‡bi
R‡b¨ ZLb ch©š— cwiw¯’wZ wec¾bK wQj|
P¨vwbs Zvi Rxe‡bi †kl w`b ch©š— GKZ¡ev‡` `„p wek¦vmx
wQ‡jb| Zvi Kv‡Q hxï ïay GKRb gvbylB wQ‡jb bv, Ck¦‡ii
†cÖwiZ GKRb bexI wQ‡jb| gvby‡li ˆbwZK öjb, Ck¦‡ii †ivl
Ges hxïi cÖvqwðËg~jK AvZ¥Z¨v‡Mi K¨vjwfbxq gZev‡`i
wecix‡Z P¨vwbs GK gnËg aviYvi †NvlYv †`b hvi msÁv wZwb
w`‡q‡Qb Gfv‡e : ÒAvZ¥vi †kÖôZ¡, Ck¦‡ii mv‡_ AvwZ¥K mv`„‡k¨i
Kvi‡Y Zvi mw¤§jb, Ck¦‡ii mËvi aviY ¶gZv, Zvi ¯^- MVb
kw³, Abš— Rxe‡bi w`‡K Zvi hvÎv Ges Zvi AgiZ¡|Ó66
wcÖówji hyw³ev` Ges KwíZ RMr †_‡K GwU wQj GK bZzb
cwieZ©b| ïay Av‡gwiKv‡ZB bq, Bsj¨v‡ÊI GKZ¡ev`x Av‡›`vj‡b
Zv bZzb K‡i cÖvY mÂvi K‡iwQj| wcÖówj Kvh©Z wQ‡jb GKRb
ˆeÁvwbK| Zvi hyw³ wQj †Rviv‡jv, wKš‘ `„wófw½ wQj Roev`x|
P¨vwbs Zv‡K gnËg Ava¨vwZ¥KZvi kx‡l© DbœxZ K‡ib| wZwb hLb
e‡jwQ‡jb- Ògvby‡li hyw³ev`x ¯^fve Ck¦‡ii cÖ`ËÓÑ Zvi †mB
K_v AvUjvw›U‡Ki Dfq cv‡ii gvbyl‡K Mfxifv‡e cÖfvweZ
K‡iwQj|67 wZwb m¤úÖ`vqMZ msKxY©Zvi cÖwZwU w`‡KiB we‡ivax
wQ‡jb| †kÖwY ev mv¤úÖ`vwqK AvMÖvmb wQj Zvi Kv‡Q Amn¨ Ges
Zvi GB †PZbv Av‡›`vj‡bi †bZv‡`i‡KI AbycÖvwYZ K‡iwQj|
GiB cwiYwZ wn‡m‡e 1861 L„. wWwfwbwU ¯‹zj Ad nvf©vW©
BDwbfvwm©wU cÖwZwôZ nq|
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 259
GB msMV‡bi msweav‡bi GK As‡k ejv n‡q‡Q, ÒGUv
Dcjwä Ki‡Z n‡e †h L„óxq m‡Z¨i ¸i“Z¡c~Y© wbi‡c¶ I
c¶cvZnxb AbymÜv‡bi cÖwZwU †¶Î‡K DrmvwnZ Ki‡Z n‡e Ges
QvÎ, wk¶K A_ev cÖwk¶K‡`i †KvbcÖKvi mv¤úÖ`vwqK `„wófw½
MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡e bv|68 1825 L„. Av‡gwiKvb mwgwZ cÖwZwôZ nq|
GKB eQi Bsj¨v‡ÊI G mwgwZ cÖwZwôZ nq| ivjd Iqvj‡Wv
Ggvimb (Ralph Waldo Emerson, 1803-1882 L„.)
†evó‡bi hvRK m¤úÖ`vq †_‡K c`Z¨vM K‡ib Ges bZzb I
cy‡iv‡bv wPš—vi Abymvix‡`i g‡a¨ fvOb m¤úbœ nq| hxïi ag©‡K
Ck¦i †cÖg I gvbe †mevi ag© Ges GKwU c~Y©v½ ag© wn‡m‡e †NvlYv
Kiv nq|
L„óvb a‡g©i g‡a¨ GKZ¡ev` AvRI Ae¨vnZ i‡q‡Q| L„óvb
m¤úÖ`vq¸‡jvi g‡a¨ A‡b‡KB GK Ck¦‡i wek¦vmx Ges Zviv
evB‡e‡ji ga¨Kvi ¯^we‡ivwaZv m‡Ë¡I †mB wb‡`©kbv Abyhvqx
Rxeb-hvc‡b AvMÖnx| hw`I hxïi ev¯—e Rxeb m¤ú‡K©, †hgb wZwb
Kxfv‡e gvby‡li mv‡_ AvPiY Ki‡Zb Ges Zv‡`i ag© wk¶v
w`‡Zb, wZwb Kxfv‡e me KvR Ki‡Zb I Rxeb- hvcb Ki‡ZbÑ
†m me wel‡q Zv‡`i mvgvb¨B Ávb wQj| hv‡nvK, cÖvqwðË, cvc
öjb I wÎZ¡ev`x gZev‡`i d‡j m„ó weåvwš— Ges Zvi mv‡_ hxï
(Cmv Av.) †hfv‡e Rxeb KvwU‡q‡Qb, Z`byhvqx Pjvi e¨vcv‡i
cÖK…Z w`K- wb‡`©kbvi Afve _vKvi Kvi‡Y †h weåvwš— m„wó n‡q‡Q
Zv L„óag©‡K cy‡ivcywi cÖZ¨vL¨v‡bi KviY n‡q‡Q| e¯‘Z L„óa‡g©i
PvP©¸‡jv AvR mvgvb¨Zvi Dci `uvwo‡q Av‡Q|
260 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
Aóg Aa¨vq
GKv‡j L„óag©
GKv‡j L„óa‡g©i ˆewkó¨ wbY©q Ki‡Z `yÕwU welq g‡b ivLv
Ri“wi| Zv nj ch©‡e¶Y I Abygvb jä Ávb I gvby‡li wbKU
cÖZ¨v‡`kcÖvß Áv‡bi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨| bZzb bZzb ch©‡e¶Y I bZzb
AwfÁZvi wfwˇZ Abygvb jä Áv‡bi cwieZ©b N‡U| myZivs G
Ávb m‡›`nvZxZ bq| cÖZ¨v‡`kcÖvß w`K, Ab¨wU nj ev¯‘e w`K|
Awawe`¨vMZ Ávb GK Ck¦‡ii cÖK…wZ m¤ú‡K© wk¶v †`q|
Ab¨w`‡K ev¯—e Ávb wk¶v †`q AvPiYwewa| cÖZ¨vw`ó Ávb me©`v
GKRb evZ©v evnK ev `~Z KZ©…K enb K‡i Avbv n‡q‡Q whwb Zvi
ev¯—e iƒc| wZwb †h cš’vq Rxeb- hvcb K‡i‡Qb †mUvB evYx|
GKRb `~Z ev evYx evn‡Ki b¨vq AvPiY Kivi Rb¨ †m evYx
m¤ú‡K© Ávb _vK‡Z n‡e| Avi G Ávb nj m‡›`nvZxZ| ejv nq,
cÖZ¨vw`ó ÁvbB nj GKv‡ji L„óvb a‡g©i wfwË| wKš‘ †Kvb
evB‡e‡jB hxïi evYx AweK…Z Ae¯’vq A_©vr Zuvi Kv‡Q †h fv‡e
cÖZ¨v‡`k n‡qwQj †mB Avw`iƒc †bB| Zvi AvPiYwewai †Kvb
wjwLZ weeiY †Kv_vI Luy‡R cvIqv KwVb| wbD†Uóv‡g‡›Ui †Kvb
MÖ‡š’B Zvi evYx I Kg©Kv‡Êi e¨vcv‡i cÖZ¨¶`k©xi †Kvb weeiY
†bB| †m¸‡jv Ggb †jvK‡`i Øviv wjwLZ n‡q‡Q hviv hxï‡K
¯^P‡¶ †`‡Lbwb, Zuv‡K †`L‡Qb Ggb e¨w³‡`i Kv‡Q ï‡b Zviv
wj‡L‡Qb| Gme weeiY mgwš^Z ev Dcjwä‡hvM¨ bq| hxï hv
e‡j‡Qb I K‡i‡Qb A_P wjwce× nqwb Zvi meB wPiKv‡ji gZ
wejyß n‡q‡Q|
wbD †Uóv‡g‡È wea„Z welqmg~n hviv hvPvB Ki‡Z Pvb, Zuviv
`vwe K‡ib †h GKwU †Kvbµ‡gB mgwš^Z bv n‡jI b~¨bZg c‡¶
wbf©yj| hv †nvK, GKwU Zvrch©c~Y© welq memgq g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e
†h, evB‡e‡ji eZ©gvb Abyev`¸‡jv †hLvb †_‡K D™¢‚Z, †mB wbD
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 261
†Uóv‡g‡Èi cÖvPxbZg wU‡K _vKv cvÊywjwc¸‡jvI wbwmqvi
KvDw݇ji ci iwPZ| mvBbvBwUKv‡mi (Codex Sinaiticus)
cuyw_ I f¨vwUKvbv‡mi (Codes Vaticanus) cuyw_i iPbvKv‡j
PZz_© kZvãxi †k‡li w`K| Ab¨w`‡K Av‡jKRvw›`ªqv‡mi cuyw_i
(Codes Alexandrius) iPbvKvj cÂg kZvãx| wbwmqvi
KvDw݇ji ci hxïi Rxe‡bi weeiY msewjZ cÖvq 3kÕ cvÊywjwc,
hvi g‡a¨ A‡bK cÖZ¨¶`k©xi weeiYI wQj, cwiKwíZfv‡e aŸsm
Kiv nq| wbwmqvi KvDw݇ji NUbvejx G Bw½Z †`q †h cjxq PvP©
ZLbI wU‡K _vKv PviwU Mm‡c‡ji cwieZ©b mvab Kivi R‡b¨
D‡V c‡o †j‡MwQj| GUv my¯úó †h wbwmqvi KvDw݇ji ci wjwLZ
wbD †Uóv‡g‡›Ui cvÊywjwc¸‡jvi mv‡_ msMwZc~Y© bq gi“ mvMi
cuyw_¸‡jvi Ggb Ask¸‡jvi cÖKv‡ki e¨e¯’v Kiv n‡jI cieZ©x‡Z
D³ As‡ki cÖKvkbv eÜ Kiv nq|
Mm‡cj¸‡jvi Aev¯—eZv PvP© wb‡RI ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Q e‡jB g‡b
nq| L„óa‡g©i Aa¨vZ¥ `k©b AvR GgbwK Mm‡cj wfwËKI bq|
Avw` cvc, cÖvqwðË I cvcövjb, hxïi Ck¦iZ¡, cweÎ AvZ¥vi
Ck¦iZ¡ I wÎZ¡ev`x gZev‡`i Dci wfwË K‡i PvP© cÖwZwôZ| wKš‘
Mm‡cj¸‡jv‡Z Gme gZev‡`i †KvbwUB Luy‡R cvIqv hvq bv| hxï
†m¸‡jv wk¶v cÖ`vb K‡ibwb| Gi meB c‡ji Avwe®‹vi Ges MÖxK
ms¯‹…wZ I `k©‡bi cÖfv‡ei dj| cj KL‡bvB hxïi mvnPh© jvf
K‡ibwb wKsev Zuvi KvQ †_‡K mivmwi †Kvb Ávb AvniYI
K‡ibwb| wZwb a‡g© `x¶v MÖn‡Yi Av‡M hxïi Abymvix‡`i Dci
K‡Vvi wbcxob Pvwj‡q‡Qb Ges hxïi Aš—a©v‡bi ci wZwb hLb
L„óvb ag©‡K MÖx‡mi A-Bqvû`x‡`iI Ab¨‡`i Kv‡Q wb‡q hvb, ZLb
hxïi AvPiY wewa wecyjfv‡e cwiZ¨v‡Mi R‡b¨ wZwb `vqx|
ÒL„‡óiÓ iƒ‡c †h e¨w³ Zv‡K Zvi bqv gZev` wk¶v w`‡qwQ‡jb
e‡j wZwb `vwe K‡ib Zv wQj KwíZ| Zvi wk¶v hv wKbv hxïi
262 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
KwíZ g„Zz¨ I cybi“Ìvb wbf©i Ggb GK NUbv Zv ev¯—‡e KL‡bv
N‡Uwb|
g~j m¤ú‡K© m‡›`nc~Y© nIqv m‡Ë¡I Gme gZev` ÒL„óvb
ag© wk¶vKvixÓ †h †Kvb e¨w³i Rb¨ Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask wn‡m‡e
cvjb‡hvM¨| hw`I A‡b‡KB Gme gZev` cy‡ivcywi ev
AvswkKfv‡e cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i‡Q, wKš‘ ZviciI hviv G‡Z wek¦vm
¯’vcb K‡i Zviv GB KzL¨vZ hyw³ Øviv cwiPvwjZ nq †h, ÒPv‡P©i
evB‡i †Kvb gyw³ †bB|Ó Pv‡P©i Aa¨vZ¥ `k©‡bi KvVv‡gv nj :
cÖvqwðË I cvc gyw³i gZev` e‡j †h Ck¦i‡`i GKRb L„ó
gvby‡li iƒc MÖnY K‡ib, wZwb hxï bv‡g cwiwPZ nb, AZtci wZwb
gvbeRvwZi mKj cv‡ci cÖvqwðË K‡i g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib| PvP©
wePv‡ii w`‡b ÒL„‡óÓ wek¦vmx mKj gvbyl I hviv Pv‡P©i wb‡`©kbv
AbymiY K‡i Zv‡`i mK‡ji cv‡ci ¶gv I gyw³i wbðqZv †`q|
Dciš‘ Av‡iv wek¦vm Kiv nq †h, RM‡Zi wejywß bv NUv ch©š—
mKj gvby‡li †¶‡Î GB Pzw³ Kvh©Ki| G wek¦v‡mi ¯^vfvweK
cwiYwZ Giƒc :
cÖ_gZ, G †_‡K cÖZxqgvb nq †h †Kvb e¨w³ Zvi
K…ZK‡g©i R‡b¨ `vqx bq Ges g„Zz¨i ci †m¸‡jvi R‡b¨ †m `vqx
n‡e bv| KviY †m hvB Ki“K bv †Kb Zvi wek¦vm †h ÒL„‡ói
AvZ¥Z¨v‡MiÓ Kvi‡Y †m gyw³ jvf Ki‡e| hv‡nvK, Gi A_© GB
bq †h c„w_ex‡Z Zvi Rxeb Avb‡›` cwic~Y© n‡e| Avw` cv‡ci
gZev‡` Zvi wek¦v‡mi (hv‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q †h Av`‡gi fy‡ji Kvi‡Y
mKj gvbylB cvcx n‡q Rb¥ †bq) A_© nj GB †h †m hZ¶Y
RxweZ _v‡K Zvi Ae¯’v _v‡K A‡hvM¨Zv I Ac~Y©ZviB GKwU
`„óvš—| Rxe‡bi GB `ytLRbK `„wófw½ †R. wR. fm (J. G
VOS) bvgK GKRb L„óv‡bi eY©bvq dz‡U D‡V‡Q| G‡Z wZwb
Bmjvg I L„óa‡g©i Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb:
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 263
Bmjvg Ggb wKQy †mB †h †Kvb gvbyl ej‡e ÒwK nZfvM¨
Avwg g„Zz¨i ci †K Avgv‡K D×vi Ki‡e?Ó A_ev Ò Avwg Rvwb,
Avwg A_©vr Avgvi GB kixi †Kvb fvj KvR K‡iwb|Ó hyw³msMZ
Afxó jv‡fi D‡Ïk¨ msewjZ GKwU ag© cvcx‡K Acivax we‡e‡Ki
hš¿Yv †fvM ev GKwU m¤ú~Y© ˆbwZK gvbm¤§Z Rxeb- hvc‡b mvdj¨
jvf bv Kivi nZvkv cÖ`vb K‡i bv| ms‡¶‡c, Bmjvg GKRb
gvby‡li g‡b DËg Abyf~wZ m„wó K‡i, c¶vš—‡i L„óag© Awbevh©fv‡e
m„wó K‡i Lvivc Abyf~wZ| fMœü`q †jvK‡`i ag© nj L„óag©,
Bmjvg bq|1
wØZxqZ, cÖvqwðË I gyw³ jvf gZev‡` wek¦vm GK weåvwš—i
m„wó K‡i hLb GKRb L„óvb Ab¨ gvby‡li Kv‡Q Ck¦‡ii cÖZ¨vw`ó
Ab¨vb¨ a‡g©i mv‡_ Zvi a‡g©i GKwU mvgÄm¨ weav‡bi †Póv K‡i|
Gi A_© GB †h ÔL„‡ói AvZ¥Z¨vMÕ I ÒevYxÓ AZzjbxq I P~ovš—
Ges wZwb Ab¨ bex‡`i wk¶vMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv| GKB mv‡_
wZwb †m¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †h mZ¨ Luy‡R cvb ZvI A¯^xKvi Ki‡Z cv‡ib
bv| Gfv‡e GKRb L„óvb Bqvû`xag©‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i, Avevi
MÖnY K‡i Iì †Uóv‡g›U hv Bqvû`x‡`i Kv‡Q AvbxZ gymvi Av.
wk¶v †_‡K D™¢‚Z| †m wb‡R‡K hyMcrfv‡e `yÕwU ci¯úi we‡ivax
wek¦vm MÖnY Kivi GK Am¤¢e Ae¯’v‡b wb‡R‡K ¯’vwcZ K‡i|
wb‡ævׄZ As‡k Gi cÖgvY †g‡j : A-L„óvb ag©¸‡jv‡Z Av‡cw¶K
fvj Dcv`vb i‡q‡Q| wg_¨v ag© †_‡K `~‡i _vKvi AvnŸvbwU
wbwðZiƒ‡cB evB‡e‡ji Ab¨w`‡K ag©MÖš’¸‡jv‡Z †cŠËwjK a‡g©i
Ac‡`eZv‡`i wk¶vI cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q... GK_vI mZ¨ †h mxwgZ
Av‡cw¶K fv‡jvi Dcv`vb¸‡jv Gme a‡g©I i‡q‡Q| GK_v †hgb
mZ¨ †h †m¸‡jv Ac‡`eZvi ˆewkó¨ gwÊZ, GK_vI Avevi mZ¨ †h
†m¸‡jvi gvby‡li Kv‡Q Ck¦‡ii cÖZ¨v‡`‡ki gvby‡li K…Z weK…Z
e¨vL¨viB m„wó| hw`I †m¸‡jv kqZv‡bi Kg© n‡Z cv‡i, Z‡e Zv
264 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
AswkZ Ck¦‡ii mvaviY AbyMÖ‡ni Ges AswkZ cvcx gvbyl KZ©…K
Ck¦‡ii cÖZ¨v‡`‡ki Ace¨env‡ii dmjI e‡U|2
GLv‡b ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welq nj †h fm evB‡ej †h me weK…wZi
wkKvi n‡q‡Q Zvi me¸‡jvi D‡jL K‡ibwb|
A-L„óvb ag© wek¦v‡mi hyMcr MÖnY I eR©‡bi GB mgm¨v
cwinv‡ii cÖ‡Póv G hyw³‡Z ïi“ nj †h wKQy L„óvb Òwb‡R‡`i g‡a¨
ÔCk¦‡ii L„‡óÕi cÖfve Dcjwä Ki‡Q whwb wPiš—b wek¦ wbqš¿K
A_ev Ck¦i wn‡m‡e n‡”Qb ÒAv‡jv whwb cÖwZwU gvbyl‡K Av‡jvwKZ
K‡ib|Ó DBwjqvg †U¤új (W. Temple) GB gZ mg_©b K‡i
wj‡L‡Qb- ÒCk¦‡ii evYx, ej‡Z †M‡j hxï L„ó, whkvBq (Isaiah)
I c­v†Uv, hi_ªyóª (Zoroastor) ey× I Kbdzwmqvm †m mZ¨B
wj‡L‡Qb I e‡j‡Qb hv Zviv †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb| Hk¦wiK Av‡jv
GKUvB Ges cÖwZwU gvbylB Zvi wbR wbR cwigvc Abyhvqx Zv Øviv
Av‡jvwKZ n‡q‡Q|Ó3 GB e³‡e¨ †h `yÕwU wel‡qi Dci †Rvi
†`Iqv n‡q‡Q Zv nj ÒGK Hk¦wiK Av‡jvÓ Ges ÒL„óÓ| G `yÕwU
Avm‡j GKB welq| †h‡nZz L„ó ÔKíbviÕ welq, ZvB G gZev`
e¨_© Ges mgm¨v weivR Ki‡Q| RR© AiI‡q‡ji ÒˆØZ wPš—vÓi
kiYvcbœ n‡jB ïay Zv cwinvi Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| wZwb G‡K G
fv‡e msÁvwqZ K‡i‡Qb :
ÔˆØZ wPš—vÕi A_© nj hyMcr fv‡e `yÕwU ci¯úi we‡ivax
kw³‡K aviY Kiv Ges Zv‡`i Dfq‡KB MÖnY Kiv| `jxq
eyw×Rxex Rv‡bb †h wZwb ev¯—‡ei mv‡_ fuvIZvevwR Ki‡Qb, wKš‘
ˆØZ wPš—vi cÖ‡qvM Øviv wZwb wb‡R‡K mš‘óI Ki‡Qb †h ev¯—eZv
jswNZ n‡”Q bv|4
L„óB Ck¦iÑ GKRb L„óv‡bi GB †gŠwjK aviYvi g~‡j i‡q‡Q
ÔˆØZ wPš—vÕi Ae¯’vb| hxïi `yÕwU cÖK…wZi ˆecixZ¨ †_‡K †h aviYv
m„wó n‡q‡Q, ˆØZ wPš—v Zv‡K †eób K‡i Av‡Q| GK gyn‚‡Z© wZwb
gvbyl| Ab¨ gyn‚‡Z© wZwb Ck¦i| cÖ_‡g wZwb whï, Zvi c‡i wZwb
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 265
L„ó| GKRb gvbyl hyMcrfv‡e `yÕwU ci¯úi we‡ivax wek¦vm aviY
Ki‡Z cv‡i| GUv ïay ˆØZ wPš—vi cÖ‡qv‡MB m¤¢e| GKgvÎ ˆØZ
wPš—vi ØvivB wÎZ¡ev‡` wek¦vm ¯’vcb I Zv eRvq ivLv hvq|
PvP© Ae Bsj¨v‡Êi 39 wU Aby‡”Q‡`i g‡a¨ 7g Aby‡”Q` ïi“
n‡q‡Q Gfv‡e :
ÒIì †Uóv‡g›U bZzbwUi we‡ivax bq....Ó wgëb ¯úófv‡e
†`wL‡q‡Qb †h Iì †Uóv‡g‡›Ui eû As‡k Ck¦‡ii GK‡Z¡i cÖwZ
mg_©b e¨³ n‡q‡Q| †mLv‡b Ggb GKwU AskI †bB †hLv‡b
Hk¦wiK mZ¨‡K wÎZ¡ev‡`i iƒ‡c eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| Iì †Uóv‡g›U
I Mm‡cj¸‡jv‡Z GKZ¡ev‡`i cÖwZ mg_©b Ges GKB mg‡q
wÎZ¡ev‡`i cÖwZ mg_©b m¤¢eZ AvR‡Ki L„óvb a‡g©i g‡a¨ ˆØZ wPš—
vi cÖfv‡ei †kÖôZg D`vniY| Gfv‡e hxï hv wk¶v †`bwb, †mB
gZev` wfwËK Pv‡P©i Awawe`¨vi hyw³ ïay hxïi gh©v`v‡KB ¤­vb
K‡iwb, Ck¦‡ii GKZ¡‡KI ¶zYœ K‡i‡Qb| AvR‡Ki L„óvb a‡g©i †h
Aa¨vZ¥ `k©b Zv hxïi AvbxZ Aa¨vZ¥ `k©‡bi m¤ú~Y© we‡ivax|
hxïi wk¶vi ev¯—e w`K¸‡jv A_©vr Zuvi AvPiY wewa AvR
wPiZ‡ii R‡b¨ wejyß| hxïi Rxeb-hvcb Abyhvqx Rxeb hvcb
Kivi gva¨‡gB Zuvi evYx Dcjwä Kiv m¤¢e, wKš‘ hxïi AvPi‡Yi
†Kvb weeiY GLb Kvh©Z Avi wU‡K †bB| G m¤ú‡K© hrmvgvb¨ hv
Rvbv hvq, ZvI AvR D‡cw¶Z| hxïi mePvB‡Z †gŠwjK KvR wQj
mªóvi DcvmbvÑ †h D‡Ï‡k¨B ïay gvbyl‡K m„wó Kiv n‡q‡Q| GLb
GUv ¯úóZB cÖZxqgvb nq †h hxï †h Dcvmbv Ki‡Zb, †Kvb
L„óvbB GLb †m Dcvmbvi KvR K‡i bv| hxï mvaviY wmbvM‡M
Dcvmbv Ki‡Zb| wZwb cÖwZw`b wba©vwiZ mg‡q Dcvmbv Ki‡ZbÑ
mKvj, `ycyi I mܨvq| Zuvi Dcvmbvi cÖK…Z weeiY AvR Avi
cvIqv hvq bv| Z‡e Rvbv hvq †h gymvi Av. cÖwZ †h iKg
Dcvmbvi wb‡`©k †`Iqv n‡qwQj, ZvB wQj Zuvi Dcvmbvi wfwË|
hxï ej‡Zb, wZwb wewa-weavb‡K mgybœZ ivLvi R‡b¨B G‡m‡Qb|
266 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
†m¸‡jvi we›`ygvÎ aŸsm mvab ev ¶wZ Kivi R‡b¨ bq| hxï‡K 12
eQi eqm †_‡KB †Ri“hv‡j‡g wmbvM‡M wk¶v cÖ`vb Kiv n‡qwQj|
wZwb wmbvMM‡K cwi®‹vi- cwi”Qbœ ivL‡Zb| †Kvb L„óvb‡KB GLb
G ai‡bi KvR Ki‡Z †`Lv hvq bv| hxïi gZ K‡i KÕRb L„óvb
LZbv Kwi‡q‡Qb? AvR Pv‡P© †h cÖv_©bv AbywôZ nq Zvi cÖPjb ïi“
nq hxïi Aš—a©vb NUvi eûKvj ci| Zuvi A‡bK¸‡jvB mivmwi
G‡m‡Q †cŠËwjK †MÖ‡Kv- †ivgvb (Graeco-Roman) †cŠivwYK
ixwZ-bxwZ †_‡K| GLb Zviv †h cÖv_©bv evK¨ cvV K‡i, Zv hxïi
cÖv_©bv evK¨ bq| Zviv †h †¯—vÎ †M‡q _v‡K Zv hxïi MvIqv †¯—vÎ
bq| cj I Zv‡`i Abymvix‡`i gw¯—®‹ cÖm~Z gZev‡`i Kvi‡Y †Kvb
wRwbm LvIqv nvivg Avi †KvbwU bqÑ †m e¨vcv‡i †Kvb
cÖZ¨v‡`kRwbZ wk¶v †bB| GLb hviv L„óvb nq, Zviv hv Lywk
†L‡Z cv‡i| hxï I Zvi Abymvixiv ïay nvjvj †MvkZ †L‡Zb,
Zv‡`i k~K‡ii gvsm Avnvi Kiv wbwl× wQj| Aš—a©v‡bi c~‡e© hxï
me©‡kl †h Avnvi K‡ib Zv ag©xq Drme (Passover meal)
Dcj‡¶ cÖ¯‘Z Lv`¨| †Kvb L„óvbB AvR `xN©Kv‡ji GB Bqvû`x
HwZn¨wU cvjb K‡i bv hv hxï AZ¨š— mZK©Zvi mv‡_ cvjb
K‡iwQ‡jb| AvR Av‡iv Rvbv hvq bv †h hxï Kxfv‡e Avnvi I cvb
Ki‡Zb, wZwb Kvi mv‡_ Avnvi Ki‡Zb Ges Kvi mv‡_ Avnvi
Ki‡Zb bv, †Kv_vq wZwb Avnvi Ki‡Zb Ges †Kv_vq Ki‡Zb bv,
KLb Avnvi Ki‡Zb Ges KLb Avnvi Ki‡Zb bv| hxï Dcevm
Ki‡Zb, wKš‘ Kxfv‡e †Kv_vq Ges KLb Dcevm Ki‡Zb, ZvI
Rvbv hvq bv| Zvi Dcev‡mi wbqg- Kvbyb AvR nvwi‡q †M‡Q|
wZwb †Kvb Lvevi we‡kl cQ›` Ki‡Zb Ges †Kvb Lvev‡ii cÖwZ
Zuvi we‡kl †Kvb `ye©jZv wQj bv, ZvI Rvbv hvq bv| hxï hZw`b
c„w_ex‡Z wQ‡jb wZwb weevn K‡ibwb, wKš‘ wZwb wbwl×I K‡ibwb|
Mm‡c‡j Ggb †Kvb Ask †bB †hLv‡b Zuvi GKRb mnP‡iiI
†KŠgvh© cvj‡bi kc_ MÖn‡Yi K_v Av‡Q| Avevi gV ev AvkÖ‡gi
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 267
gZ cyi“l Aay¨wlZ mgvR cÖwZôvi cÖgvYI †Kv_vI †bB hw`I
Zv‡`i Dr‡mi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z GiKg `yÕGKwU m¤úÖ`vq ZLb wQj|
†hgb cÖ‡mbxiv| hxïi Avw` Abymvix‡`i g‡a¨ hviv weevn
K‡iwQ‡jb Zviv Aek¨B gymvi Av. cÖPvwiZ a‡g©i wbqg- Kvbyb
Abymv‡iB Zv K‡iwQ‡jb| Zv‡`i `„óvš— AvR Avi AbymiY Kiv nq
bv|
cvðv‡Z¨ cvwievwiK KvVv‡gvi fvOb †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h
GKRb cyi“l GKRb ¯¿x‡jv‡Ki mv‡_ wK AvPiY Ki‡e ev GKRb
gwnjv GKRb cyi“‡li mv‡_ wK ai‡bi AvPiY Ki‡eÑ G e¨vcv‡i
L„óvb weev‡ni g‡a¨ †Kvb Kvh©Ki wb‡`©kbv †bB| Mm‡cj †_‡K
ˆbwZK bxwZ AvniY K‡i Zvi mvnv‡h¨ Rxeb hvc‡bi †Póv Avi
hxï †Kvb wbw`©ó cwiw¯’wZ‡Z †Kvb wbw`©ófv‡e KvR K‡i‡Qb e‡j
ÁvZ n‡q †mfv‡e KvR Kiv GK K_v bq| KviY cÖ_gUv nj
wm×vš—g~jK Áv‡bi dj, Avi wØZxqwU nj cÖZ¨v‡`k jä Áv‡bi
ev¯—evqb|
hxï Kxfv‡e nuvU‡Zb, Kxfv‡e em‡Zb, Kxfv‡e `uvov‡Zb,
Kxfv‡e wb‡R‡K cwi®‹vi- cwi”Qbœ ivL‡Zb, Kxfv‡e Nygv‡Z
†h‡Zb, Kxfv‡e †R‡M DV‡Zb, Kxfv‡e gvbyl‡K ï‡f”Qv Rvbv‡Zb,
e„× †jvK‡`i mv‡_ wK iKg e¨envi Ki‡Zb, Aíeq¯‹ †jvK‡`i
mv‡_ Zuvi e¨envi †Kgb wQj, e„×v gwnjv‡`i mv‡_ wZwb †Kgb
e¨envi Ki‡Zb, Zi“YxÑ hyeZx‡`i mv‡_ Zuvi e¨envi †Kgb wQj,
AvMš‘K‡`i Kv‡Q wZwb †Kgb wQ‡jb, AwZw_‡`i mv‡_ †Kgb
e¨envi Ki‡Zb, kΓ‡`i mv‡_ Zuvi e¨envi †Kgb wQj, Kxfv‡e
ågY Ki‡Zb, wZwb wK Kivi Aby‡gv`b cÖvß wQ‡jb Ges wZwb wK
Kivi AbygwZ cÖvß wQ‡jb bvÑ G m‡ei †Kvb weeiYB †bB|
hxïi Kv‡Q Ck¦i KZ©…K cÖZ¨vw`ó evYxi †h weeiY cvIqv hvq
Zv Ac~Y© I A- h_v_©| AvR‡Ki L„óvb ag© †h gZev‡`i Dci
cÖwZwôZ, Gme weei‡Yi g‡a¨ Zv Luy‡R cvIqv hv‡e bv| hxïi
268 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
Kg©Kv‡Êi weeiY cÖvq m¤ú~Y©B Abycw¯’Z, hrmvgvb¨ hvI ev Av‡Q
ZvI Kvh©Z D‡cw¶Z| Aek¨ PvP© †h iƒ‡cB †nvK bv, me©`vB hxïi
evYxi e¨vL¨vZv I AwffveK nIqvi `vwe Rvwb‡q Avm‡Q| hxï
wKš‘ PvP© cÖwZôv K‡i hvbwb| wZwb Ck¦i I gvby‡li g‡a¨ ga¨¯’Zv
Kivi R‡b¨ †Kvb cy‡ivwnZ ev hvRKgÊjx cÖwZôv K‡i hvbwb| Zv
m‡Ë¡I †mB cÖ_gve¯’v †_‡KB cÖwZwôZ cjxq PvP© me©`vB L„óvb‡`i
GB wk¶v w`‡q Avm‡Q †h Zv‡`i gyw³ wbðqZv ZLbB †`Iqv hv‡e
hw` Zviv PvP© hv e‡j Zv K‡i I wek¦vm ¯’vcb K‡i| PvP© †Kv_v
†_‡K G KZ©…Z¡ ev ¶gZv †c‡q‡Q?
GB Pigcš’x KZ©…‡Z¡i `vwe †`Lv hvq †ivgvb K¨v_wjK Pv‡P©i
†cvc‡`i Aåvš— e‡j `vweK…Z gZev‡`i g‡a¨| KvwW©bvj nxbvb
(Heenan) Gfv‡e Gi eY©bv w`‡q‡Qb :
Avgv‡`i Pv‡P©i g‡a¨ GB Avðh© H‡K¨i †Mvcb inm¨ nj
L„‡ói †mB A½xKvi hv‡Z wZwb e‡jwQ‡jb PvP© KL‡bv mZ¨ wk¶v
w`‡Z e¨_© n‡e bv| Avgiv Rvwb †h PvP© †h wk¶v †`q Avgiv Zv
MÖnY Kwi| Avgiv Rvwb †h GUv Aek¨B mZ¨ n‡e... mKj
K¨v_wjK hvRKB GKB gZev` wk¶v `vb K‡ib †h‡nZz Zviv
mK‡jB L„‡ói cÖwZwbwaZ¡ gvb¨ K‡ib|
ÔcÖwZwbwaZ¡Õ K_vwUi A_© nj Ò†mB e¨w³ whwb A‡b¨i ¯’vb
MÖnY K‡ib|Ó †cvc n‡jb L„‡ói cÖwZwbwa, †Kbbv, wZwb
c„w_ex‡Z Pv‡P©i cÖavb| PvP© GKB _v‡K †h‡nZz Zvi
mKj m`m¨B GKB wek¦v‡m wek¦vmx| Zviv PvP© wek¦vm
K‡i, †Kbbv PvP© wg_¨v †Kvb wKQy wk¶v w`‡Z cv‡i bv|
Avgiv hLb ewj †h PvP© Aåvš—, Zvi ga¨ w`‡q Avgiv G
K_vB eySv‡Z PvB| L„ó Zvi PvP©‡K cwiPvwjZ Kivi
cÖwZkÖ“wZ w`‡qwQ‡jb| G R‡b¨ wZwb †h me cš’v g‡bvbxZ
K‡i‡Qb Zvi GKwU nj Zuvi K_v ejvi R‡b¨ c„w_ex‡Z
Zuvi cÖwZwbwaZ¡ †i‡L hvIqv| †m Kvi‡YB Avgiv †cvc‡K
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 269
Aåvš— e‡j _vwK| wZwb n‡”Q Aåvš— Pv‡P©i cÖavb| Ck¦i
Zv‡K åvwš—i g‡a¨ wbcwZZ n‡Z w`‡Z cv‡ib bv|5
GLv‡b Zvrch©c~Y© welq nj †h KvwW©bvj nxbvb ïay L„‡ói
K_vB e‡j‡Qb, hxïi K_v bq| wZwb Zvi e³‡e¨i mg_©‡b
Mm‡c‡ji D‡jL K‡ibwb|
GB gZev` cÖvqkB AmvgÄm¨c~Y© e‡j cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q|
†Kbbv, hw` mKj †cvcB Aåvš— nb, Zvn‡j †Kb †cvc
Abvwiqvm‡K (Honorius) MxR©vi Awfkvc †`Iqv n‡qwQj?
mv¤úÖwZKKv‡j †cv‡ci DËim~wi hxïi Kw_Z µzkwe× nIqvi Rb¨
Bqvû`xiv `vqx wQj bv e‡j gZ e¨³ K‡i‡Qb, Zvi A_© wK GB †h
c~‡e©i mKj †cvcB †gv‡UB Aåvš— wQ‡jb bv? ÒPvP© KL‡bvB mZ¨
wk¶v w`‡Z e¨_© n‡e bv e‡j L„‡ói cÖwZkÖ“wZÕi ˆeaZv GKv‡ji eû
†ivgvb K¨v_wjKB cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i‡Qb| †Kvb Mm‡c‡jI Aek¨ G
e³‡e¨i mZ¨Zv Luy‡R cvIqv hvq bv| Pv‡P©i wk¶v I ixwZ- bxwZi
g‡a¨ †h wekvj duvK Zv wmbwmbvwUi AvP© wekc †Rv‡md Gj,
evb©vwWb (Josheph. L. Bernadin) †K mgm¨vq †d‡j w`‡q‡Q|
BD.Gm. K¨v_wjKÑ G GK mv¶vrKv‡ii evY©vwWb e‡jb, Òeû
†jvKB wb‡R‡`i‡K DËg K¨v_wjK e‡j we‡ePbv K‡i hw`I Zv‡`i
wek¦vm I AvPvi- AvPi‡Yi mv‡_ Pv‡P©i AvbyôvwbK wk¶vi we‡iva
†`Lv hvq| GKv‡j GKRb fvj K¨v_wjK nIqvi A_©B cÖvq bZzb
iƒc aviY K‡i‡Q.... hLb (1966) ïµev‡i †MvkZ LvIqv ˆea
nj, ZLb †h †KDB †cv‡ci KZ©…Z¡ m¤ú‡K© m‡›`n cÖKvk Ki‡Z
cv‡i, Rb¥wbqš¿Y cvjb, hvRKe„wË Z¨vM Ges weevn Kiv A_ev
hvi hv Lywk Ki‡Z cv‡i|Ó MÖxwj (Greely) wj‡L‡Qb, Òïµev‡i
†MvkZ Avnvi †_‡K weiZ _vKvi A_© hxïi Dcev‡mi cÖwZ m¤§vb
cÖ`k©b Ges †h w`bwU‡Z wZwb µzkwe× nb, †m w`bwUi ¯§„wZ cvjb
Kiv| †kl ch©š— Zv Pv‡P©i GK weav‡b cwiYZ nq Ges kZvãxi
270 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
ci kZvãx hver Zv GK ai‡bi †ivgvb K¨v_wjK cwiPq wPnè
wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|Ó
†jLK †Wvwim MÖ“gevL (Doris Grumbach) wµwUK- G
wj‡LwQ‡jb : f¨vwUKvb 2 (1962 L„. wØZxq f¨vwUKvb KvDwÝj)
Avgv‡K Awff~Z K‡iwQj| KviY weeY© Rxeb, Ávb I AvPi‡Yi
GKvš— †h fyebÑ Zvi evB‡i Av‡iv wKQy e¨vcv‡i Zv G‡Ki AwaK
Rev‡ei m¤¢vebv m„wó K‡iwQj, wKš‘ wbqg- Kvbyb I kvm‡bi
gvbweK AwfÁZvi mKj †¶‡Îi b¨vq hLb Rvbvjv Ly‡j hvq,
cÖ‡Z¨KwU welqB ZLb cÖ‡kœi m¤§yLxb nq| †Kvb wPiš—bZv, †Kvb
c~Y©v½Zv ZLb Aewkó _v‡K bv| G mgq PvP© Avgvi Kv‡Q GKwU
weZK©‡hvM¨ cÖkœ n‡q D‡V| Avwg GLbI Avgvi Rxe‡bi †K›`ªkw³
wn‡m‡e Mmcj, L„ó Ges Zvi wKQy wkl¨‡K AvuK‡o a‡i i‡qwQ,
wKš‘ PvP© Avgvi Kv‡Q Avi ¸i“Z¡c~Y© cÖwZôvb bq| Avwg Avi Gi
g‡a¨ _vK‡Z cvwi bv|6
m¤ú~Y© Aåvš— bv nIqv m‡Ë¡I Pv‡P©i KZ©…Z¡ GLbI
we`¨gvb| †h me PvP© Zv‡`i Dci †cv‡ci KZ©…Z¡ A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Q,
†mme Pv‡P©i g‡a¨I Gi wkKo Qov‡bv| hv‡nvK, AvR GB KZ©…‡Z¡i
ˆeaZv m¤ú‡K© m‡›`n m„wó n‡q‡Q Ges Ggb ch©v‡q Zv cÖZ¨vL¨vZ
n‡q‡Q hv c~‡e© KL‡bv nqwb| RR© n¨vwim‡bi fvlvq :
Avcwb hLb Zi“Y wQ‡jb ZLb Avcbvi wcZv- gvZv KZ©…K
Avcwb Pv‡P© bxZ n‡qwQ‡jb Ges ¯‹z‡j Avcbv‡K ag© wk¶v MÖnY
Ki‡Z eva¨ Kiv n‡qwQj| †m¸‡jv Avcbvi g‡b wKQy †iLvcvZ
Kivi †Póv Ki‡Q| Gi KviY GB †h †KDB Pv‡P© hvq bv Ges
Ck¦‡i wek¦vm K‡i bv| †Kb? KviY Zviv evB‡ej‡K †mfv‡e e¨vL¨v
K‡iwb †hfv‡e Zv Kiv DwPZ wQj| Avwg Avm‡jB Ck¦‡i wek¦vm
Kwiwb, KviY Avgv‡K †mB wk¶v †`Iqv n‡q‡Q ïay wek¦vm jv‡fi
R‡b¨, Avcbvi †m R‡b¨ `ytwLZ nIqvi wKQy †bB, Avgiv Avcbv‡K
hv ejwQ, Avcwb ïay Zv wek¦vm Ki“b|7
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 271
hxïi evbxi AwffveK‡Z¡i e¨vcv‡i Pv‡P©i wek¦vm‡hvM¨Zv
m¤ú~Y© MÖnY I m¤ú~Y© cÖZ¨vL¨v‡bi `yÕwU †gi“i g‡a¨ GKRb L„óvb
nIqvi e¨vcv‡i mKj gZvg‡Zi QvqvcvZ N‡U‡Q| DBj‡d«W
K¨v›UI‡qj w¯§Z wj‡L‡Qb :
AvR‡Ki L„óvb Pv‡P©i g‡a¨ GZ †ewk ˆecixZ¨ I msNvZ, GZ
†ewk †Mvj‡hvM †h L„óxq m‡Z¨i HK¨e× A_ev c×wZMZ cy‡iv‡bv
Av`k© we`vq wb‡q‡Q| †m Kvi‡Y hvRK m¤úÖ`v‡qi HK¨
Av‡›`vj‡b AZ¨š— †`wi n‡q †M‡Q| hv N‡U‡Q Zv nj L„óvb RMr
weKí my‡hv‡Mi †LvjvLywj ˆewPΨgq cwiw¯’wZi w`‡K GwM‡q‡Q|
g‡b nq, Kv‡iv c‡¶ Avi GUv m¤¢e n‡e bv †h Zv‡K AvbyôvwbK I
mvgwMÖK fv‡e L„óvb nIqvi K_v ejv n‡e A_ev ejvi Kíbv Kiv
n‡e| Zvi wb‡Ri R‡b¨ Zv‡KB wm×vš— w`‡Z n‡e|8
G wm×vš— †_‡K GUvB eySv hvq †h AvR hZ L„óvb Av‡Q, L„óvb
a‡g©i ZZ iƒcI Av‡Q Ges hxïi evYxi AwffveK †h PvP©,
cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e †mB Pv‡P©i f~wgKv GLb wecyjfv‡e n«vm †c‡q‡Q|
BD, wm. Gj. G (U. C. L. A)Ñ Gi GKRb øvZK Qv‡Îi cÖkœ:
Òhw` Avgvi Áv‡bi DciB me wKQy wbf©i K‡i Zvn‡j Pv‡P©i
cÖ‡qvRbUv wK?Ó9
hv †nvK, PvP© AvR cwðgv ms¯‹…wZi Awe‡”Q`¨ Ask wn‡m‡eB
we`¨gvb Ges G `y‡qi ga¨Kvi m¤úK© GK †KŠZ‚n‡jvÏxcK welq|
weMZ K‡qK kZvãx a‡i Aw¯—‡Z¡i ˆewkó¨ Dcjwäi cÖ‡Póvq
cvðv‡Z¨ wecyj cwigvY mvwnZ¨ iwPZ n‡q‡Q| Gi g‡a¨ eû MÖš’B
gvby‡li hLb Zvi Rxeb- hvcb I Rxe‡bvcjwäi †¶‡Î cÖZ¨vw`ó
Áv‡bi wbðqZv _v‡K bv ZLb †m hv Luy‡R †d‡i, †mB gvby‡li
g‡bi wPš—vi m¤¢ve¨ mKj †¶‡Îi GKwU wPÎ Zz‡j a‡i| wKQy wKQy
†jLK †hgb cvmKvj (Pascal) Dcjwä K‡i‡Qb †h gb GKwU
mxgve× hš¿ Ges ü`q nj gvby‡li mËvi †K›`ª Ges cÖK…Z Áv‡bi
Avavi :
272 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
ü`‡qi wbR¯^ hyw³ Av‡Q hv hyw³i Kv‡Q AcwiwPZ|
ü`qB Ck¦i m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb, hyw³ bq| GUv nj ZvB, hv‡K wek¦vm
ejv nq| Ck¦i ü`q Øviv Dcjä nb, hyw³ Øviv bq|10
ü`‡q cÖ‡ek jv‡fi †Póvq A‡b‡KB L„óvb ag©‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb
Ges Ab¨ cš’v wb‡q cix¶v- wbix¶v K‡i‡Qb :
Aa¨vZ¥ev`x AwfÁZv wek¦RMr m¤ú‡K© Òm‡Z¨iÓ cÖK…Z Ávb
jv‡fi w`‡K GwM‡q wb‡q hvq| GB mZ¨ fvlvq cÖKvk Kiv hvq bv,
eis Zv Dcjwäi welq| G‡¶‡Î gva¨g n‡Z cv‡i msMxZ, gv`K,
a¨vb....|11
mZ¨ Dcjwäi GB weKí cš’v cvðv‡Z¨ e¨vcKfv‡e RbMY
KZ©…K M„nxZ n‡q‡Q, cÖvqkB AvZ¥Zzwói cš’v wn‡m‡e|
cvðv‡Z¨i ms¯‹…wZi GB bqv avivi mv‡_ PvP© e¨vcKfv‡e
wb‡R‡K Lvc LvB‡q wb‡q‡Q| PvP©‡K RbvKxY© ivL‡Z wKQy hvRK
Zv‡`i Kg©m~Px‡Z †cvc MÖ“c I wWm‡Kv‡_K‡K Aš—f©y³ K‡i‡Qb
hv‡Z Zi“Y mgvR‡K AvK…ó Kiv hvq| KbmvU©, cÖ`k©bx Ges
i¶Ykxj‡`i R‡b¨ e¨e¯’v Kiv nq cy‡iv‡bv gv‡ji m¯—v `‡i
weµ‡qi| `vZe¨ ms¯’v¸‡jv PvP©¸‡jvi mv‡_ RwoZ‡`i Rb¨ GKwU
D‡Ïk¨ mva‡bi e¨e¯’v cÖwZôvq mvnvh¨ K‡i| PvP©‡K ÒAvaywbKvqbÓ
Kivi Ges Zv‡K hy‡Mvc‡hvMx ivLvi wbiš—i D‡`¨vM †h †Kvb cš’vq
Av‡cvm Kivi cjxq Pv‡P©i `xN©Kv‡ji HwZ‡n¨iB cwiPq enb
K‡i| PvP© hw` hxïi evYx cÖPvi Ki‡Z bvI cv‡i, b~¨bZg c‡¶
GKwU cÖ‡qvRbxq mvgvwRK Abyôv‡bi Av‡qvRK Aek¨B n‡Z
cv‡i|
GB Av‡cvm cÖwµqvi dj n‡q‡Q we‡kl K‡i MZ `k‡K
ms¯‹…wZ‡Z Pv‡P©i Ae¨vnZ AvZ¥xKiY Ges Pv‡P©i cwieZ©bkxj
KvVv‡gv‡Z ms¯‹…wZi cybt AvZ¥xKiY| GwU nj GKwU wØ-gyLx
cÖwµqv hv cj I Zvi AbymvixMY KZ©…K ïi“ nIqvi ci †_‡K
mxgvnxbfv‡e cwiewZ©Z n‡q P‡j‡Q| msMxZ, gv`K I a¨v‡bi
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 273 274 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
AwfÁZvi d‡j eû †jvKB L„óvb a‡g© cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡i‡Q| Zv‡`i AvR‡Ki L„óvb ag© cvðv‡Z¨i ms¯‹…wZ †_‡K AwefvR¨| L„óvb
cÖeYZv nj nq Gme AwfÁZv m¤ú~Y© cÖZ¨vL¨vb I L„óvba‡g©i PvP© I ivóª GK| Gme cÖwZôv‡b †h me e¨w³ KvR K‡ib Zviv
†Muvov iƒcwU MÖnY A_ev Zv‡`i bZzb Rxeb aviv‡K L„óvba‡g©i hxïi b¨vq Rxeb- hvcb K‡ib bv| L„óvb a‡g©i mvgwMÖK Ae¶‡qi
Zv‡`i wbR¯^ AvaywbKxK…Z iƒ‡c Aš—f©y³ Kiv| GB DfqavivB KviY wn‡m‡e ejv hvq †h AvR‡Ki w`‡bi L„óvb‡`i g‡a¨
hxïi bexZ¡‡K †X‡K †d‡j‡Q| wZwb nq Ck¦i wn‡m‡e DbœxZ mvgvwRK AvPiY- Áv‡bi Afve i‡q‡Q Ges GB Afve Zv‡`i‡K
n‡q‡Qb A_ev A‡jŠwKK ¶gZv m¤úbœ kÖ‡×q e¨w³ wn‡m‡e MY¨ GB Rxe‡b m`&¸Y ewR©Z K‡i‡Q Ges g„Zz¨ cieZ©x Rxe‡bi NUbvi
n‡q‡Qb| wZwb DËg wQ‡jb, Z‡e Zv‡K fyj eySv n‡q‡Q| R‡b¨ Zv‡`i cÖ¯‘Z K‡i †i‡L‡Q| DBj‡d«W K¨v›UI‡qj w¯§Z
cwðgv ms¯‹…wZi mv‡_ Pv‡P©i m¤ú‡K©i welqwU GKv‡j †jv‡Kiv wj‡L‡Qb :
Kxfv‡e Rxeb- hvcb K‡i Zv j¶¨ K‡i †`L‡jB my®úófv‡e aiv ÔL„óvb ag©‡K mZ¨ ag© ejv †Kvb Zvrch©c~Y© e³e¨ bq|
co‡e| hviv Ck¦i‡K ¯§iY Kivi Rb¨ gV I AvkÖg¸‡jv‡Z GKwUB gvÎ cÖkœ Zvrch©c~Y© hv Ck¦i A_ev Avgv‡K A_ev Avgvi
wb‡R‡`i cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i‡Q Zv‡`i Qvov hviv wb‡R‡`i L„óvb e‡j cÖwZ‡ekx‡K wb‡qÑ Avi Zv nj : Avgvi L„óvb ag© mZ¨ bvwK
AvL¨vwqZ K‡i, Zv‡`i Rxeb hvÎvi mv‡_ hviv wb‡R‡`i AÁev`x AvcbviwU mZ¨| GB cÖ‡kœi e¨vcv‡i, hv mZ¨B GK wek¦Rbxb cÖkœ,
(Agnostic), gvbeZvev`x ev bvw¯—K e‡j `vwe K‡i, Zv‡`i Rxeb Avgvi Kv‡Q Gi GKgvÎ ˆea DËiwU njÑ Lye GKUv bv. |12
hvÎvi mv`„k¨ i‡q‡Q| Zv‡`i ag© wek¦v‡mi cv_©K¨ _vK‡Z cv‡i, GZ¶‡Yi GB Av‡jvPbvi ci †h we¯§qKi NUbvwU `„wó
wKš‘ Zv‡`i mvaviY e¨envi ev AvPi‡Y †Kvb cv_©K¨ †bB| AvKl©Y K‡i Zv nj, we‡k¦i PvP©¸‡jv µgk: k~b¨ n‡q c‡o‡QÑ
cvðv‡Z¨i L„óvb †`k¸‡jv‡Z †h AvBb we`¨gvb, †hgb Rb¥ I Avi Bmjvg a‡g©i gmwR`¸‡jv µgk: c~Y© n‡q DV‡Q|
g„Zz¨ m¤úwK©Z AvBb, weevn I weevn we‡”Q` msµvš— AvBb,
weevwnZ Rxeb I weevn Rxe‡bi evB‡i m¤úwËi AwaKvi A_ev
weevn we‡”Q` I g„Zz¨ msµvš— NUbv, `ËK MÖnY I AwffveKZ¡,
evwYR¨ I wkí msµvš— AvBb Gm‡ei †KvbwUB Mm‡cj¸‡jv‡Z
Luy‡R cvIqv hvq bv| Ck¦i KZ©…K gvby‡li Kv‡Q †hme AvBb
cÖZ¨vw`ó n‡q‡Q, G¸‡jv †m AvBb bq| G¸‡jv nj wm×vš—g~jK
Áv‡bi dj| G¸‡jv nq †ivgvb AvBb e¨e¯’v †_‡K DËivwaKvi
wn‡m‡e G‡m‡Q A_ev `xN©Kvj a‡i †jv‡Ki mvaviY AvPvi- AvPiY
Zvi wfwË A_ev cÖvPxb MÖxK‡`i cÖYxZ wewa hv MYZvwš¿K c×wZi
mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y© K‡i ms¯‹vi I ms‡kvab Kiv n‡q‡Q| GKv‡ji
†Kvb Av`vj‡Z †KDB †Kvb †jv‡Ki †¶‡Î AvBb cÖ‡qvMKv‡j Drm
wn‡m‡e Mm‡c‡ji K_v D‡jL Ki‡Z ev Zv MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 275
beg Aa¨vq
KziAv‡b Cmv Av.
gnvb Avj­vn iveŸyj Avjvgxb KZ©…K we‡kl bex gynv¤§`
mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj­vg Gi Dci bvwRjK…Z me©‡kl
Avmgvwb wKZve Avj-KziAvb Cmv Av. m¤ú‡K© Áv‡bi GKwU
Drm hv mvaviY fv‡e AwaKvsk L„óv‡biB Rvbv †bB| KziAvb
Avgv‡`i‡K Zvi m¤ú‡K© ïay fvjfv‡e Rvb‡ZB mvnvh¨ K‡i bv,
Dciš‘ GB Rvbvi ga¨ w`‡q Zvi cÖwZ Avgv‡`i kÖ×v I
fv‡jvevmv‡KI e„w× K‡i| Cmv Av. Gi R‡b¥i cÖvq 6kÕ eQi ci
bvwRjK…Z me©‡kl Avmgvwb wKZve KziAvb cvK Zuvi Rxeb I
wk¶v m¤ú‡K© ¸i“Z¡c~Y© eY©bv cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q| GKZ¡ev`x‡`i aviYvq
bex Rxe‡bi wekvj †cÖ¶vcU i‡q‡Q, KziAvb †mB †cÖ¶vc‡U Cmv
Av. Gi f~wgKv‡K ¯’vcb K‡i‡Q| cÖK…Zc‡¶ KziAvb Zuvi m¤ú‡K©
hZUv ÁvZ K‡i‡Q, Ab¨ Avi †Kvb m~Î Zv cv‡iwb|
cweÎ KziAvb Cmv Av. Gi Rxeb- Kvwnwbi wek` eY©bv cÖ`vb
K‡iwb, eis mywbw`©ó wKQy NUbv e¨³ K‡i‡Q| Zuv‡K †h A‡jŠwKK
¶gZv I kw³ †`Iqv n‡qwQj Zvi D‡j­L i‡q‡Q, wKš‘ Zv
AwaKvsk †¶‡Î mvaviY fvlvq| Abyiƒcfv‡e Avj­vn Zuvi Kv‡Q
ÒBbwRjÓ bv‡g †h Avmgvwb wKZve bvwRj K‡iwQ‡jb †ek
K‡qKevi Zvi D‡j­L i‡q‡Q, wKš‘ D³ wKZv‡ei mwVK welqe¯‘
m¤ú‡K© we‡kl wKQy ejv nqwb| hv †nvK, wZwb Kxfv‡e c„w_ex‡Z
AvMgb K‡ib, wZwb †K wQ‡jb, wZwb Kx wQ‡jb bv Ges Kxfv‡e
Zvi Dci Awc©Z `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi cwimgvwß N‡U Gme wel‡q
KziAv‡b my¯úó eY©bv i‡q‡Q|
Cmv Av. Gi Rxe‡bi cÖwZ `„wó †`Iqvi Av‡M c„w_ex‡Z Zuvi
KvR Kx wQj, wZwb Kxfv‡e cvwicvwk¦©K Ae¯’vi mv‡_ Lvc LvB‡q
wb‡qwQ‡jb Ges Zvi c‡i Kx Avmvi K_v wQj Gme welq cix¶v
K‡i wb‡j Zuvi Rxeb m¤ú‡K© Rvbv mnR n‡e| GK_v evievi ejv
276 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
n‡q‡Q †h Cmv Av. wQ‡jb ch©vqµ‡g AvMZ bexM‡Yi GKRb hv‡K
c„w_exi gvby‡li Kv‡Q †cÖiY Kiv n‡qwQj| wZwb wQ‡jb GKRb
bex whwb Zuvi c~‡e© AvMZ bex‡`i wb‡`©kbv I wk¶vB cybe©¨³
K‡iwQ‡jb Ges wZwb wQ‡jb Zuvi cieZ©x bexiB c~e©m~wi|
KziAv‡bi G‡Kev‡i †Mvovi w`‡KB Cmv Av. m¤ú‡K© D‡j­L
Kiv n‡q‡Q: Ges wbðq gymv‡K wKZve w`‡qwQ Ges Zvi c‡i
ch©vqµ‡g ivm~jMY‡K †cÖiY K‡iwQ, gvi&qvg- cyÎ Cmv‡K ¯úó
cÖgvY w`‡qwQ Ges ÔcweÎ AvZ¥vÕ Øviv Zv‡K kw³kvjx K‡iwQ| (2
: 87)
KziAv‡bi wb‡æv³ AvqvZ¸‡jv eû bexi K_v ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`q
Cmv Av. huv‡`i Aš—f©y³ wQ‡jb| Beivwng Av. m¤ú‡K© D‡j­Lc~e©K
ejv n‡q‡Q :
Ges Zv‡K `vb K‡iwQjvg BmnvK I BqvKze Ges Zv‡`i
cÖ‡Z¨K‡K mrc‡_ cwiPvwjZ K‡iwQjvg; c~‡e© b~n‡KI
mrc‡_ cwiPvwjZ K‡iwQjvg Ges Zvi eskai `vD`,
myjvqgvb, AvBqye, BDmyd, gymv I nvi“b‡KI; Avi
Gfv‡eB mrKg© civqY‡`i cyi¯‹…Z Kwi| Ges hvKvwiqv,
BqvnBqv, Cmv Ges Bwjqvm‡KI mrc‡_ cwiPvwjZ
K‡iwQjvg, Giv mK‡jB m¾b‡`i Aš—f©y³| 6 : 84-86
ivm~jM‡Yi G ZvwjKv wKš‘ GB-B m¤ú~Y© bq| G e¨vcv‡i
ejv n‡q‡Q: A‡bK ivm~j †cÖiY K‡iwQ hv‡`i K_v c~‡e©
Avwg †Zvgv‡K e‡jwQ Ges A‡bK ivm~j hv‡`i K_v
†Zvgv‡K ewjwb| (4 : 164)
nvw`m kix‡d Av‡Q, bexM‡Yi msL¨v gynv¤§` mvj­vj­vû
AvjvBwn Iqv mvj­vg e‡j‡Qb 1jvL 24 nvRvi| Cmv Av. †h
Zv‡`i g‡a¨ GKRb G wb‡q †Kvb we‡iva ev weZ‡K©i AeKvk
†bB| Avj­vn ZvÕAvjv KziAvb gRx‡` e‡jb :

cweÎ AvZ¥v ej‡Z GLv‡b nhiZ wReivBj Av. †K eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q|
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 277
ej, ÔAvgiv Avj­vn‡Z Ges Avgv‡`i cÖwZ hv AeZxY©
n‡q‡Q Ges Beivnxg, BmgvBj, BmnvK, BqvKze I Zvi
eskaiM‡Yi cÖwZ hv AeZxY© n‡qwQj Ges hv gymv, Cmv I
Ab¨vb¨ bexMY‡K Zv‡`i cÖwZcvj‡Ki wbKU †_‡K cÖ`vb
Kiv n‡q‡Q, Zv‡Z Cgvb G‡bwQ| Avgiv Zv‡`i g‡a¨
†Kvb ZviZg¨ Kwi bv Ges Avgiv Zuvi wbKU
AvZ¥mgc©YKvix| (3 : 84)
mKj bexB G e¨vcv‡i AewnZ wQ‡jb †h Avj­vn Zuv‡`i‡K
GKB D‡Ï‡k¨ I GKB evYx w`‡q †cÖiY K‡i‡Qb :
¯§iY Ki, hLb Avwg bex‡`i wbKU †_‡K A½xKvi MÖnY
K‡iwQjvg Ges †Zvgvi wbKU †_‡KI Ges b~n, Beivnxg, gymv,
gvi&qvg-cyÎ Cmvi wbKU n‡ZI| Zv‡`i KvQ †_‡K MÖnY
K‡iwQjvg `„p A½xKvi; mZ¨ev`x‡`i‡K Zv‡`i mZ¨evw`Zv m¤^‡Ü
wRÁvmv Kivi R‡b¨| wZwb Kv‡di‡`i R‡b¨ cÖ¯‘Z †i‡L‡Qb
gg©š‘` kvw¯—| (33 : 7-8)
†n ivm~jMY! †Zvgiv cweÎ e¯‘ †_‡K Avnvi Ki I mrKg© Ki;
†Zvgiv hv Ki †m m¤^‡Ü Avwg mwe‡kl AewnZ Ges †Zvgv‡`i GB
†h RvwZÑ G‡Zv GKB RvwZ Ges AvwgB †Zvgv‡`i cÖwZcvjK,
AZGe Avgv‡K fq Ki| (23 : 51-52)
wZwb †Zvgv‡`i R‡b¨ wewae× K‡i‡Qb `xb hvi wb‡`©k wZwb
w`‡qwQ‡jb b~n‡KÑ Avi hv Avwg Iwn K‡iwQÑ †Zvgv‡K Ges hvi
wb‡`©k w`‡qwQjvg Beivnxg, gymv I Cmv‡K, GB e‡j †h †Zvgiv
`xb‡K cÖwZwôZ Ki Ges G‡Z gZ‡f` Ki bv| (42 : 13)
Gme Avqv‡Z G †Mvj‡hvMc~Y© c„w_ex‡Z wew”Qbœ NUbvi Rb¨
¯§iYxq GKRb gvbyl wn‡m‡e Cmv Av. Gi AvMg‡bi K_v ejv
nqwb, eis ejv n‡q‡Q Ggb GKRb bexi K_v hv‡K †cÖiY Kiv
n‡qwQj Zvi mgq I Kv‡ji R‡b¨, Avi Zv gnv m‡Z¨i D‡b¥vP‡bi
Ask wn‡m‡eB :
278 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
gvi&qvg cyÎ Cmv‡K Zvi c~‡e© AeZxY© ZvIiv‡Zi mg_©Kiƒ‡c
Zv‡`i cðv‡Z †cÖiY K‡iwQjvg Ges gyËvKx‡`i Rb¨ c‡_i wb‡`©k
I Dc‡`kiƒ‡c Zv‡K BbwRj w`‡qwQjvg, Zv‡Z wQj c‡_i wb‡`©k
I Av‡jv | (5 : 46)
Dciš‘ mgq m¤ú‡K©I KziAv‡b ejv n‡q‡Q, †h wel‡q Cmv
Av. wb‡RI AZ¨š— m‡PZb wQ‡jb| Zuvi Av‡M I Zuvi c‡iI mgq
wbw`©ó K‡i †`Iqv n‡qwQj:
¯§iY Ki, gvi&qvg cyÎ Cmv e‡jwQj : †n ebx BmivCj! Avwg
†Zvgv‡`i Kv‡Q Avj­vni ivm~j Ges Avgvi c~e© n‡Z †Zvgv‡`i
Kv‡Q †h ZvIivZ i‡q‡Q Avwg Zvi mg_©K Ges Avgvi c‡i
Avng` bv‡g †h ivm~j Avm‡eb Avwg Zvi mymsev``vZv| (61 : 6)
Cmv Av. Gi AvMgb I Rb¥ m¤ú‡K© KziAv‡b wek` eY©bv
i‡q‡Q| GLv‡b Zvi gv‡qi Rb¥ I †e‡o IVv welq KziAv‡b gRx‡`
hv D‡jL n‡q‡Q Zv DׄZ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i, KviY hxïi fwel¨r
gvZv wn‡m‡e Avj­vni B”Qvq Zvi Rb¥ I Kxfv‡e wZwb wbe©vwPZ nb
Zv Rvb‡Z mnvqK n‡e :
¯§iY Ki, hLb Bgiv‡bi ¯¿x e‡jwQj, Ô†n Avgvi cÖwZcvjK!
Avgvi M‡f© hv Av‡Q Zv GKvš— †Zvgvi Rb¨ Avwg DrmM© Kijvg|
myZivs Zzwg Avgvi KvQ †_‡K Zv Keyj Ki, Zzwg me© †kÖvZv,
me©Á|Õ
Zvici hLb †m Zv‡K cÖme Kij, ZLb †m ejj, Ô†n Avj­vn
Avgvi cÖwZcvjK! Avwg Kb¨v cÖme K‡iwQ|Õ †m hv cÖme K‡i‡Q
Avj­vn Zv mg¨K AeMZ| Ô †Q‡j †Zv †g‡qi gZ bq, Avwg Zvi
bvg gvi&qvg †i‡LwQ|Õ ÔGes Awfkß kqZvb n‡Z Zvi I Zvi
eskai‡`i Rb¨ †Zvgvi ¯§iY MÖnY KiwQ|Õ
Zvici Zvi cÖwZcvjK Zv‡K mvMÖ‡n Keyj Ki‡jb Ges Zv‡K
DËgiƒ‡c jvjb cvjb Ki‡jb Ges wZwb Zv‡K hvKvwiqvi
ZË¡veav‡b †i‡LwQ‡jb| hLbB hvKvwiqv K‡¶ Zvi mv‡_ mv¶vr
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 279
Ki‡Z †hZ ZLwb Zvi Kv‡Q Lv`¨-mvgMÖx †`L‡Z †cZ| †m ejZ
Ô†n gvi&qvg! Gme Zzwg †Kv_vq †c‡j? †m ejZ- ÔAvj­vni KvQ
†_‡K|Õ Avj­vn hv‡K B”Qv AcwiwgZ Rxe‡bvcKiY `vb K‡ib|
†mLv‡bB hvKvwiqv Zvi cÖwZcvj‡Ki Kv‡Q cÖv_©bv K‡i ejj- Ô†n
Avgvi cÖwZcvjK! Avgv‡K Zzwg †Zvgvi KvQ †_‡K mr eskai `vb
Ki| wbðqB Zzwg cÖv_©bv kÖeYKvix|Õ
hLb hvKvwiqv K‡¶ mvjv‡Z `uvwo‡qwQ‡jb ZLb †d‡ikZvMY
Zv‡K m‡¤^vab K‡i ejj, ÔAvj­vn †Zvgv‡K Bqvnqvi mymsev`
w`‡”Qb, †m n‡e Avj­vni evYxi mg_©K, †bZv, ¯¿x weivMx Ges
cyY¨evb‡`i g‡a¨ GKRb bex|Õ
†m ejj, Ô†n Avgvi cÖwZcvjK! Avgvi cyÎ n‡e Kxfv‡e? Avgvi
†Zv eva©K¨ G‡m‡Q Ges Avgvi ¯¿x eܨv|Õ wZwb ej‡jbÑ Ô G
fv‡eB|Õ Avj­vn hv B”Qv ZvB K‡ib|
†m ejjÑ Ô†n Avgvi cÖwZcvjK! Avgv‡K GKwU wb`k©b `vI|Õ
wZwb ej‡jb, Ô †Zvgvi wb`k©b GB †h wZb w`b Zzwg Bw½Z e¨ZxZ
K_v ej‡Z cvi‡e bv| Avi †Zvgvi cÖwZcvjK‡K AwaK ¯§iY
Ki‡e Ges mܨvq I cÖfv‡Z Zvi cweÎZv I gwngv †NvlYv
Ki‡e|Õ (3 : 35-41)
Cmv Av. Gi wVK Av‡Mi bex wQ‡jb Bqvnqv Av.| Ôm~iv gvi&qvgÕÑ
G bex Bqvnqvi A‡jŠwKK Rb¥MÖn‡Yi D‡jL Kiv n‡q‡Q :
Bnv †Zvgvi cÖwZcvj‡Ki AbyMÖ‡ni weeiY Zuvi ev›`v hvKvwiqvi
cÖwZ hLb †m Zvi cÖwZcvjK‡K AvnŸvb K‡iwQj wbf„‡Z,
†h e‡jwQj, ÔAvgvi Aw¯’ `ye©j n‡q‡Q, eva©‡K¨ Avgvi g¯—K
†kvwfZ a~mi Pz‡j, †n Avgvi cÖwZcvjK! Avwg KL‡bv †Zvgvi
cÖv_©bv K‡i wedj nBwb|Õ
Avwg Avk¼v Kwi Avgvi ci Avgvi m‡MvÎxq‡`i m¤ú‡K©; Avgvi
¯¿x eܨv, myZivs Zzwg †Zvgvi wbKU †_‡K `vb Ki DËivwaKvix,
280 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
†h Avgvi DËivwaKvwiZ¡ Ki‡e Ges DËivwaKvwiZ¡ Ki‡e BqvKz‡ei
es‡ki Ges †n Avgvi cÖwZcvjK! Zv‡K Zzwg Ki m‡š—vlfvRb|Õ
wZwb ej‡jb †n hvKvwiqv! Avwg †Zvgv‡K GK cy‡Îi mymsev`
w`w”Q Zvi bvg n‡e Bqvnqv, G bv‡g Avwg Av‡M Kv‡iv bvgKiY
Kwiwb|Õ
†m ejj, Ô†n Avgvi cÖwZcvjK! †Kgb K‡i Avgvi cyÎ n‡e hLb
Avgvi ¯¿x eܨv I Avwg eva©‡K¨i †kl mxgvq DcbxZ?Õ
wZwb ej‡jb : ÔGiƒcB n‡e|Õ †Zvgvi cÖwZcvjK ej‡jb, ÔGUv
Avgvi Rb¨ mnR, Avwg †Zv Gi Av‡M †Zvgv‡KI m„wó K‡iwQ hLb
Zzwg wKQyB wQ‡jb bv|Õ
hvKvwiqv ejj, Ô†n Avgvi cÖwZcvjK! Avgv‡K GKwU wb‡`©kb
`vI|Õ wZwb ej‡jb, Ô†Zvgvi wb`k©b GB †h Zzwg my¯’ _vKv m‡Ë¡I
wZb w`b Kv‡iv mv‡_ †Kvb evK¨vjvc Ki‡e bv|Õ
Gici †m Zvi Ni †_‡K †ei n‡q Zvi m¤úÖ`v‡qi †jvK‡`i Kv‡Q
Gj Ges Bw½‡Z Zv‡`i‡K mKvj- mܨvq Avj­vni cweÎZv I
gwngv †NvlYv Ki‡Z ejj|
Avwg ewjjvg, Ô†n Bqvnqv! GB wKZve `„pZvi mv‡_ MÖnY Ki|
Avwg ˆkk‡eB Zv‡K `vb K‡iwQjvg Ávb, Ges Avgvi wbKU †_‡K
ü`‡qi †KvgjZv I cweÎZv Ges †m wQj gyËvKx, wcZv- gvZvi
AbyMZ| †m wQj bv D×Z I Aeva¨| Zvi cÖwZ wQj kvwš— †h w`b
†m Rb¥MÖnY K‡i, kvwš— _vK‡e †h w`b Zvi g„Zz¨ n‡e Ges †hw`b
†m RxweZ Ae¯’vq cybi“wÌZ n‡e| (19 : 2-15)
cweÎ KziAv‡b `yÕwU ¯’v‡b Cmv Av. Gi Rb¥ MÖn‡Yi cÖm‡½ Av‡Q:
¯§iY Ki, hLb †d‡ikZvMY e‡jwQj, Ô†n gvi&qvg! Avj­vn
†Zvgv‡K g‡bvbxZ I cweÎ K‡i‡Qb Ges we‡k¦i bvix‡`i g‡a¨
†Zvgv‡K g‡bvbxZ K‡i‡Qb|Õ
Ô †n gvi&qvg! †Zvgvi cÖwZcvj‡Ki AbyMZ nI I wmR`v Ki Ges
hviv i“Kz K‡i Zv‡`i mv‡_ i“Kz Ki|Õ
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 281
ÔGwU A`„k¨ wel‡qi msev` hv †Zvgv‡K Iwn Øviv AewnZ KiwQ|
gviqv‡gi ZË¡veav‡bi `vwqZ¡ †K MÖnY Ki‡e G wb‡q hLb Zviv
Zv‡`i Kjg wb‡¶c KiwQj Zzwg ZLb Zv‡`i wbKU wQ‡j bv Ges
Zviv hLb ev`vbyev` KiwQj ZLbI Zzwg Zv‡`i wbKU wQ‡j bv|
¯§iY Ki, hLb †dikZvMY ejj, †n gvi&qvg! Avj­vn †Zvgv‡K
Zuvi c¶ n‡Z GKwU Kv‡jgvi mymsev` w`‡”Qb, Zvi bvg gmxn,
gvi&qvg cyÎ Cmv| †m Bn‡jvK I ci‡jv‡K m¤§vwbZ n‡e Ges
Avj­vni mvwbœa¨cÖv߇`i g‡a¨ Ab¨Zg n‡e|Õ
Ô†m †`vjbvq _vKv Ae¯’vq I cwiYZ eq‡m gvby‡li mv‡_ K_v
ej‡e Ges †m n‡e cyY¨evb‡`i GKRb|Õ
†m ejj, Ô †n Avgvi cÖwZcvjK! Avgv‡K †Kvb cyi“l ¯úk© K‡iwb,
Avgvi mš—vb n‡e Kxfv‡e?Õ wZwb ej‡jb, ÔG fv‡eB|Õ Avj­vn hv
B”Qv m„wó K‡ib| wZwb hLb wKQy w¯’i K‡ib ZLb e‡jb, ÔnI!Õ
Ges Zv n‡q hvq| Ges wZwb Zv‡K wk¶v †`‡eb wKZve, wnKgZ,
ZvIivZ I Bbwhj| Ges Zv‡K ebx BmivB‡ji Rb¨ ivm~j
Ki‡eb| †m ej‡e, Avwg †Zvgv‡`i cÖwZcvj‡Ki c¶ †_‡K
†Zvgv‡`i Kv‡Q wb`©kb wb‡q G‡mwQ| Avwg †Zvgv‡`i Rb¨
Kv`vgvwU w`‡q GKwU cvwL m`„k AvK…wZ ˆZwi Kie, Zvici Avwg
Zv‡Z duz †`e Ges Avj­vni ûKz‡g Zv cvwL n‡q hv‡e| Avwg Rb¥vÜ
I Kzô †ivMx‡`i wbivgq Kie Ges Avj­vni ûKz‡g g„Z‡`i RxweZ
Kie| †Zvgiv †Zvgv‡`i N‡i hv Avnvi Ki I gRy` Ki Zv
†Zvgv‡`i e‡j †`e| †Zvgiv hw` wek¦vmx nI, Zvn‡j Gi g‡a¨
†Zvgv‡`i R‡b¨ wb`k©b Av‡Q|
Avwg G‡mwQ Avgvi m¤§y‡L ZvIiv‡Z hv i‡q‡Q Zvi mg_©Kiƒ‡c
Ges †Zvgv‡`i R‡b¨ hv wbwl× wQj Zvi KZK¸wj‡K ˆea Ki‡Z|
Avwg †Zvgv‡`i cÖwZcvj‡Ki KvQ †_‡K †Zvgv‡`i R‡b¨ wb`k©b
wb‡q G‡mwQ| myZivs Avj­vn‡K fq Ki Avi Avgv‡K AbymiY Ki|
282 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
wbðqB Avj­vn Avgvi cÖwZcvjK Ges †Zvgv‡`iI cÖwZcvjK|
myZivs †Zvgiv Zuvi Bev`Z Ki‡e| GUvB mij c_|
hLb Cmv Zv‡`i Awek¦vm Dcjwä Kij ZLb †m ejj, Avj­vni
c‡_ Kviv Avgvi mvnvh¨Kvix? wkl¨MY ejj, Avj­vni c‡_
AvgivB mvnvh¨Kvix| Avgiv Avj­vn‡Z Cgvb G‡bwQ| Zzwg mv¶x
_vK †h Avgiv AvZ¥mgc©YKvix|
Ô†n Avgv‡`i cÖwZcvjK! Zzwg hv AeZxY© K‡iQ Zv‡Z Avgiv Cgvb
G‡bwQ Ges Avgiv GB ivm~‡ji AbymiY K‡iwQ| myZivs Avgv‡`i
m‡Z¨i c‡_ mv¶¨ enbKvix‡`i ZvwjKvfy³ Ki| (3 : 42-53)
m~iv gvi&qv‡gI G NUbv ewY©Z n‡q‡Q :
eY©bv Ki, GB wKZv‡e Dwj­wLZ gvi&qv‡gi K_v, hLb †m Zvi
cwievi eM© †_‡K c„_K n‡q wbf„‡Z c~e©w`‡K GK¯’v‡b AvkÖq wbj,
Zvici Zv‡`i KvQ †_‡K †m c`©v Kij| Gici Avwg Zvi Kv‡Q
Avgvi iƒn‡K (wReivBj) cvVvjvg, †m Zvi Kv‡Q c~Y© gvbyl
AvK…wZ‡Z AvZ¥cÖKvk Kij|
gvi&qvg ejj : Zzwg hw` Avj­vn‡K fq Ki Z‡e Avwg †Zvgvi KvQ
†_‡K `qvg‡qi AvkÖq MÖnY KiwQ|
†m ejj, Avwg †Zv †Kej †Zvgvi cÖwZcvjK- †cÖwiZ, Avwg G‡mwQ
†Zvgv‡K GK cweÎ cyÎ `vb Kivi Rb¨| gvi&qvg ejj, Ô†Kgb
K‡i Avgvi cyÎ n‡e hLb Avgv‡K †Kvb cyi“l ¯úk© K‡iwb Ges
Avwg e¨wfPvwiYxI bB|Õ †m ejj, ÔGfv‡eB n‡e|Õ †Zvgvi
cÖwZcvjK e‡j‡Qb, Ô GUv Avgvi Rb¨ mnRmva¨ Ges Avwg Zv‡K
G Rb¨ m„wó Kie †hb †m nq gvby‡li R‡b¨ GK wb`k©b I Avgvi
KvQ †_‡K GK AbyMÖn| G‡Zv GK w¯’ixK…Z e¨vcvi|Õ
Zvici †m Zv‡K M‡f© aij, c‡i Zv‡K M‡f© wb‡q GK `~ieZ©x
¯’v‡b P‡j †Mj| cÖme †e`bv Zv‡K GK †LRyi Mv‡Qi bx‡P AvkÖq
wb‡Z eva¨ Kij| †m ejj, Ônvq, Gi Av‡M hw` Avwg gviv †hZvg
Avi hw` †jv‡Ki ¯§„wZ †_‡K m¤ú~Y© wejyß n‡q †hZvg!Õ
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 283
ZLb Zvi bx‡Pi w`K †_‡K †d‡ikZv Zv‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i ejj,
ÔZzwg `ytL Ki bv, †Zvgvi c`Z‡j †Zvgvi cÖwZcvjK GK bni
m„wó K‡i‡Qb, Zzwg †LRyi Mv‡Qi KvÊ †Zvgvi w`‡K bvov `vI, Gi
d‡j †Zvgvi Dci cvKv †LRyi cwZZ n‡e| myZivs Zzwg LvI, cvb
Ki I P¶z RyovI|
†Zvgvi mv‡_ hw` †Kvb gvby‡li mv¶vr nq, Zv‡K ej †h Avwg
`qvg‡qi D‡Ï‡k¨ †gŠbZv Aej¤^‡bi gvbZ K‡iwQ| myZivs AvR
Avwg wKQy‡ZB †Kvb gvby‡li mv‡_ K_v- evZ©v eje bv|
Zvici †m Zvi cy·K wb‡q Zvi m¤úÖ`v‡qi Kv‡Q Dcw¯’Z nj|
Zviv ejj, Ô †n gvi&qvg! Zzwg †Zv GK A™¢yZ KvÊ K‡iQ! †n
nvi“‡Yi †evb, †Zvgvi wcZv Amr †jvK wQj bv Ges †Zvgvi gvI
wQj bv e¨wfPvwiYx| Zvici gvi&qvg Zvi mš—v‡bi w`‡K Bw½Z
Kij| Zviv ejj, Ô†h †Kv‡ji wkï Zvi mv‡_ Avgiv †Kgb K‡i
K_v eje?Õ
†m ejj, ÔAvwg †Zv Avj­vni ev›`v| wZwb Avgv‡K wKZve w`‡q‡Qb,
Avgv‡K bex K‡i‡Qb,
†hLv‡bB Avwg _vwK bv †Kb wZwb Avgv‡K eiKZgq K‡i‡Qb,
wZwb Avgv‡K wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb hZw`b RxweZ _vwK ZZw`b mvjvZ
I hvKvZ Av`vq Ki‡Z|
Avi Avgv‡K Avgvi gv‡qi cÖwZ AbyMZ K‡i‡Qb Ges wZwb
Avgv‡K D×Z I nZfvM¨ K‡ibwb|
Avgvi cÖwZ kvwš— †hw`b Avwg Rb¥MÖnY K‡iwQ, †hw`b Avgvi g„Zz¨
n‡e Ges †hw`b Avwg RxweZ Ae¯’vq cybi“wÌZ ne|Õ
GB-B wQj gvi&qvg cyÎ Cmv| Avwg ejjvg mZ¨ K_v, †h wel‡q
Zviv weZK© K‡i|
mš—vb MÖnY Kiv Avj­vni KvR bq, wZwb cweÎ gwngvgq| wZwb
hLb wKQy w¯’i K‡ib ZLb e‡jb, ÔnIÕ Ges Zv n‡q hvq|
284 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
Avj­vnB Avgvi cÖwZcvjK I †Zvgv‡`i cÖwZcvjK| myZivs †Zvgiv
Zvi Bev`Z Ki; GUvB mij c_| (19 : 16-36)
Cmv Av. †h ¯’v‡b Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib, KziAv‡bi GKwU Avqv‡Z
Zvi D‡j­L Kiv n‡q‡Q :
Ges Avwg gvi&qvg cyÎ I Zvi Rbbx‡K K‡iwQjvg GK
wb`k©b, Zv‡`i AvkÖq w`‡qwQjvg GK wbivc` I cÖmªeY wewkó DuPz
f~wg‡Z| (23 : 50)
Cmvi Av. ˆkke I ˆK‡kvi m¤ú‡K© KziAv‡b wKQy D‡j­L Kiv
nqwb| Z‡e hviv Zuvi wkl¨ n‡qwQ‡jb Zviv Zvi AvnŸv‡b Kxfv‡e
mvov w`‡qwQ‡jb, †m wel‡q D‡jL i‡q‡Q :
†n gywgbMY! Avj­vni `x‡bi mvnvh¨Kvix nI| †hgb gvi&qvg cyÎ
Cmv e‡jwQj Zvi wkl¨MY‡KÑ ÔAvj­vni c‡_ †K Avgvi
mvnvh¨Kvix n‡e?Õ wkl¨MY e‡jwQj, ÔAvgivB †Zv Avj­vni c‡_
mvnvh¨Kvix|Õ Gici ebx BmivBj‡`i GK`j Cgvb Avbj Ges
GK`j Kzdwi Kij| (61 : 14)
cybivq Av‡iv wek` fv‡e D‡jL i‡q‡Q :
AviI ¯§iY Ki Avwg hLb ÔnvIqvixÕw`M‡K GB Av‡`k w`‡qwQjvg
†h †Zvgiv Avgvi cÖwZ I Avgvi ivm~‡ji cÖwZ Cgvb Avb, Zviv
e‡jwQj, Avgiv Cgvb Avbjvg Ges Zzwg mv¶x _vK †h Avgiv †Zv
gymwjg (AvZ¥mgc©YKvix)|
¯§iY Ki, nvIqvixMY e‡jwQj, †n gvi&qvg cyÎ Cmv! †Zvgvi
cÖwZcvjK wK Avgv‡`i Rb¨ Avmgvb †_‡K Lv`¨ cwic~Y© LvÂv
†cÖiY †cÖiY Ki‡Z m¶g| †m e‡jwQj, ÔAvj­vn‡K fq Ki, hw`
†Zvgiv †gvwgb nI|Õ
Zviv e‡jwQj, Avgiv PvB †h Zv †_‡K Avnvi Kwi Ges G‡Z
Avgv‡`i gb mš‘ó n‡e| Avi Avgiv Rvb‡Z PvB †h Zzwg Avgv‡`i
Kv‡Q mZ¨ e‡jQ Ges Avgiv Zvi mv¶x _vK‡Z PvB|Õ
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 285
gvi&qvg cyÎ Cmv ejj, Ô†n Avj­vn, Avgv‡`i cÖwZcvjK! Avgv‡`i
R‡b¨ Avmgvb †_‡K Lv`¨c~Y© LvÂv †cÖiY Ki, Zv n‡e Avgv‡`i I
Avgv‡`i c~e©eZ©x I cieZ©x mK‡ji R‡b¨ Avb‡›`vrme ¯^iƒc I
†Zvgvi wbKU †_‡K wb`k©b| Avgv‡`i RxweKv `vb Ki, Avi ZzwgB
†Zv †kÖô RxweKv`vZv| Avj­vn ej‡jb, Avwg †Zvgv‡`i Kv‡Q Zv
†cÖiY Kie, wKš‘ Zvici †Zvgv‡`i g‡a¨ †KD Kzdwi Ki‡j Zv‡K
Ggb kvw¯— cÖ`vb Kie †h kvw¯— wek¦- RM‡Zi Ab¨ †Kvb m„wó‡K
Avwg †`e bv| (5 : 111-115)
Cmv Av. Gi wk¶v hLb Qwo‡q co‡Z ïi“ Kij, ZLb wKQy †jvK
Zv MÖnY Kij, wKQy †jvK Kij bv :
hLb gvi&qvg cy‡Îi `„óvš— Dcw¯’Z Kiv nq ZLb †Zvgvi m¤úÖ`vq
Zv‡Z †kvi‡Mvj ïi“ K‡i †`q Ges e‡j, ÔAvgv‡`i Dcvm¨¸‡jv
†kÖô bv Cmv? Zviv †Kej evK- weZÊvi D‡Ï‡k¨B Avgv‡K GK_v
e‡j| e¯‘Z Zviv †Zv GK weZÊvKvix m¤úÖ`vq| †m †Zv wQj
AvgviB GK ev›`v hv‡K Avwg AbyMÖn K‡iwQjvg Ges K‡iwQjvg
ebx BmivB‡ji R‡b¨ `„óvš—| (43 : 57-59)
..... Avwg Zv‡`i cðv‡Z AbyMvgx K‡iwQjvg Avgvi ivm~jMY‡K
Ges AbyMvgx K‡iwQjvg gvi&qvg cyÎ Cmv‡K, Avi Zv‡K
w`‡qwQjvg Bbwhj Ges Zvi Abymvix‡`i Aš—‡i w`‡qwQjvg Ki“Yv
I `qv; Avi mbœ¨vmev`Ñ †m‡Zv Avj­vni mš‘wó weav‡bi Rb¨B Zviv
Gi cÖeZ©b K‡iwQj, Avwg G weavb Zv‡`i †`Bwb, A_P ZvI
Zviv h_vh_fv‡e cvjb K‡iwb| Zv‡`i g‡a¨ hviv Cgvb G‡bwQj
Zv‡`i Avwg w`‡qwQjvg cyi¯‹vi, wKš‘ Zv‡`i AwaKvskB mZ¨
Z¨vMx| (57t27)
wZwb †h evYx enb K‡iwQ‡jb Zv wQj mnR I mij :
Cmv hLb ¯úó wb`k©bmn Gj, †m e‡jwQj, ÔAvwg †Zv †Zvgv‡`i
wbKU G‡mwQ cÖÁvmn Ges †Zvgiv †h wel‡q gZ‡f` KiQ, Zv
¯úó K‡i †`qvi R‡b¨| myZivs †Zvgiv Avj­vn‡K fq Ki Ges
286 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
Avgvi AbymiY Ki| Avj­vnB †Zv Avgv‡`i cÖwZcvjK Ges
†Zvgv‡`iI cÖwZcvjK, AZGe Zvi Bev`Z Ki, GUvB mij c_|
(43 : 63-64)
Zuvi A‡jŠwKK Kg©Kv‡Êi K_v Avevi D‡j­L Kiv n‡q‡Q:
¯§iY Ki, Avj­vn ej‡jb, Ô†n gwiqvg cyÎ Cmv, †Zvgvi cÖwZ I
†Zvgvi Rbbxi cÖwZ Avgvi AbyMÖn ¯§iY Ki : cweÎ AvZ¥v Øviv
Avwg †Zvgv‡K kw³kvjx K‡iwQjvg Ges Zzwg †`vjbvq _vKv
Ae¯’vI cwiYZ eq‡m gvby‡li mv‡_ K_v ej‡Z; †Zvgv‡K wKZve,
wnKgZ, ZvIivZ I BbwRj wk¶v w`‡qwQjvg, Zzwg Kv`vgvwU w`‡q
Avgvi AbygwZµ‡g cvwL m`„k AvK…wZ MVb I Zv‡Z duz w`‡Z, d‡j
Avgvi AbygwZµ‡g wbivgq I Avgvi AbygwZµ‡g g„Z‡K RxweZ
Ki‡Z; Avwg †Zvgvi ¶wZ Kiv †_‡K ebx BmjvBj‡K wbe„Ë
†i‡LwQjvg; Zzwg hLb Zv‡`i g‡a¨ ¯úó wb`k©b G‡bwQ‡j ZLb
Zv‡`i g‡a¨ hviv Kzdwi K‡iwQj, Zviv e‡jwQjÑ G‡Zv ¯úó hv`y|
( 5 : 110)
Cmv Av. Gi Rb¥MÖnYKvjxb cwiw¯’wZi Kvi‡Y GKwU åvš—
aviYvi m„wó nq †h wZwb ÔAvj­vni cyÎ|Õ KziAv‡b ejv n‡q‡Q :
Zviv e‡j, ÔAvj­vn mš—vb MÖnY K‡i‡Qb|Õ wZwb gnvb cweÎ| wZwb
Afvegy³| AvKvkgÊjx I c„w_ex‡Z hv wKQy Av‡Q, Zv ZuviB| G
wel‡q †Zvgv‡`i Kv‡Q †Kvb mb` †bB| †Zvgiv wK Avj­vn m¤ú‡K©
Ggb wKQy ejQ †h wel‡q †Zvgv‡`i †Kvb Ávb †bB? (10 t8)
.... ¯§iY Ki, hLb Avj­vn ej‡jb : Ô†n Cmv! Avwg †Zvgvi Kvj
c~Y© KiwQ Ges Avgvi Kv‡Q †Zvgv‡K Zz‡j wbw”Q Ges hviv mZ¨
cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i‡Q Zv‡`i ga¨ †_‡K †Zvgv‡K cweÎ (gy³) KiwQ|
Avi †Zvgvi Abymvix‡`i wKqvgZ ch©š— Kv‡di‡`i Dci cÖvavb¨
`vb KiwQ, Gici Avgvi Kv‡Q †Zvgv‡`i cÖZ¨veZ©b|Õ Zvici †h
wel‡q †Zvgv‡`i gZvš—i NU‡Q Zv Avwg gxgvsmv K‡i †`e|
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 287
hviv mZ¨ cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i‡Q Avwg Zv‡`i‡K `ywbqvq I AvLiv‡Z
K‡Vvi kvw¯— cÖ`vb Kie Ges Zv‡`i †Kvb mvnvh¨Kvix †bB|
Avi hviv Cgvb G‡b‡Q I mrKvh© K‡i‡Q wZwb Zv‡`i cÖwZdj
cy‡ivcywi cÖ`vb Ki‡eb| Avj­vn Rvwjg‡`i cQ›` K‡ib bv|
hv Avwg †Zvgvi wbKU wZjvIqvZ KiwQ Zv wb`k©b I mviMf© evYx
†_‡K|
Avj­vni Kv‡Q Cmvi `„óvš— Av`‡gi `„óvš— m`„k| Zv‡K gvwU †_‡K
m„wó K‡iwQ‡jb, Zvici Zv‡K e‡jwQ‡jb, ÔnIÕ, d‡j †m n‡q
†Mj| (3 : 55-59)
Ges Zviv e‡j, ÔAvj­vn mš—vb MÖnY K‡i‡QbÕ wZwb AwZ cweÎ|
eis AvKvkgÛjx I c„w_ex‡Z hv wKQy Av‡Q me Avj­vniB| mewKQy
ZuviB GKvš— AbyMZ|
Avj­vn AvKvkgÊjx I c„w_exi mªóv Ges hLb wZwb wKQy Ki‡Z
B”Qv K‡ib ZLb ïay e‡jb, ÔnIÕ. Avi Zv n‡q hvq| (2 : 116-
17)
Zviv e‡j, Ô`qvgq Avj­vn mš—vb MÖnY K‡i‡Qb|Õ wZwb cweÎ,
gnvb| Zviv †Zv Zvi m¤§vwbZ ev›`v|
Zviv AvM evwo‡q K_v e‡j bv, Zviv †Zv Zvi Av‡`k Abymv‡iB
KvR K‡i _v‡K|
Zv‡`i mvg‡b I cðv‡Z hv wKQy Av‡Q Zv wZwb AeMZ| Zviv
mycvwik K‡i ïay Zv‡`i R‡b¨ hv‡`i cÖwZ wZwb mš‘ó Ges hviv
Zuvi f‡q fxZ mš¿¯—|
Zv‡`i g‡a¨ †h ej‡e, ÔAvwg Bjvn&, wZwb e¨ZxZÕ, Zv‡K Avwg
cÖwZdj †`e Rvnvbœvg; Gfv‡eB Avwg Rvwjg‡`i kvw¯— w`‡q _vwK|
(21 : 26-29)
Zviv e‡j, `qvgq mš—vb MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| †Zvgiv †Zv GK exfrm
K_vi AeZviYv K‡iQ|
288 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
G‡Z †hb AvKvkgÊjx we`xY© n‡q hv‡e, c„w_ex LÊ- weLÊ n‡q
hv‡e I ce©Zgvjv P~Y© weP~Y© n‡q AvcwZZ n‡e,
†h‡nZz Zviv `qvg‡qi cÖwZ mš—vb Av‡ivc K‡i|
A_P mš—vb MÖnY Kiv `qvg‡qi R‡b¨ †kvfb bq|
AvKvkgÊjx I c„w_ex‡Z Ggb †KD †bB †m `qvg‡qi wbKU
ev›`viƒ‡c Dcw¯’Z n‡e bv| (19t 88-93)
KziAvb Cmv Av. Gi Ck¦iZ¡ A¯^xKvi K‡i‡Q :
hviv e‡j, Ôgvi&qvg cyÎ gmxnB Avj­vnÕ Zviv †Zv Kzdwi K‡i‡Q|
ej, Avj­vn gvi&qvg cyÎ gmxn, Zvi gvZv Ges `ywbqvi mKj‡K
hw` aŸsm Kivi B”Qv K‡ib Zvn‡j Zuv‡K evav †`qvi kw³ Kvi
Av‡Q? Avmgvb I Rwg‡bi Ges Gi g‡a¨ hv wKQy Av‡Q Zvi
mve©‡fŠgZ¡ Avj­vniB| wZwb hv B”Qv m„wó K‡ib Ges Avj­vn me©
wel‡q me©kw³gvb| (5 : 17)
Avj­vn hLb ej‡eb, Ô †n gvi&qvg cyÎ Cmv! Zzwg wK †jvK‡`i
ejwQ‡j †h †Zvgiv Avj­vn e¨ZxZ Avgv‡K I Avgvi Rbbx‡K
Bjvniƒ‡c MÖnY Ki?Õ †m ej‡e, ÔZzwgB gwngvwš^Z! hv ejvi
AwaKvi Avgvi †bB Zv ejv Avgvi c‡¶ †kvfb bq| hw` Avwg Zv
ejZvg Z‡e Zzwg †Zv Zv Rvb‡Z| Avgvi Aš—‡ii K_v †Zv Zzwg
AeMZ AvQ, wKš‘ †Zvgvi Aš—‡ii K_v Avwg AeMZ bB, Zzwg †Zv
A`„k¨ m¤^‡Ü mg¨K cwiÁvZ|
Zzwg Avgv‡K †h Av‡`k K‡iQ Zv e¨ZxZ Avwg wKQyB ewjwb| Avwg
Zv‡`i e‡jwQ : Ô †Zvgiv Avgvi I †Zvgv‡`i cÖwZcvjK Avj­vni
Bev`Z KiÕ; Ges hZw`b Avwg Zv‡`i g‡a¨ wQjvg ZZw`b Avwg
wQjvg Zv‡`i Kvh©Kjv‡ci mv¶x; wKš‘ hLb Zzwg Avgv‡K Zz‡j
wb‡j ZLb ZzwgB †Zv wQ‡j Zv‡`i Kvh©Kjv‡ci ZË¡veavqK Ges
Zzwg me© wel‡q mv¶x|
Zzwg hw` Zv‡`i kvw¯— `vI Z‡e Zviv †Zv †ZvgviB ev›`v, Avi hw`
Zv‡`i ¶gv Ki Z‡e Zzwg civµgkvjx, cÖÁvgq| (5 : 116-118)
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 289
Bqvû`xiv e‡j, ÔDhvBi (Ezra) Avj­vni cyÎÕ Ges L„óvbiv e‡j,
Ôgmxn Avj­vni cyÎ|Õ G¸‡jv Zv‡`i gy‡Li K_v| Av‡M hviv Kzdwi
K‡iwQj Zviv Zv‡`i gZ K_v e‡j| Avj­vn Zv‡`i aŸsm Ki“b|
Zviv †Kgb K‡i mZ¨ wegyL nq!
Zviv Avj­vn e¨ZxZ Zv‡`i cwÊZMY‡K I msmvi weivMxMY‡K
Zv‡`i cÖfy (ûKz‡gi gvwjK) iƒ‡c MÖnY K‡i‡Q Ges gvi&qvg cyÎ
gmx‡nKI| wKš‘ Zviv GK Bjv‡ni Bev`Z Kivi Rb¨B Avw`ó
n‡qwQj| wZwb e¨ZxZ †Kvb Dcvm¨ †bB| Zviv hv‡K Zuvi kwiK
K‡i Zv n‡Z wZwb KZ cweÎ!
Zviv Zv‡`i gy‡Li dzrKv‡i Avj­vni †R¨vwZ wbe©vwcZ Ki‡Z Pvq|
KvwdiMY AcÖxwZKiY g‡b Ki‡jI Avj­vn Zuvi †R¨vwZi c~Y©
D™¢vmb Qvov Ab¨ wKQy Pvb bv| (9t 30-32)
KziAvb wÎZ¡ev`‡K cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i‡Q :
†n wKZvweMY! `x‡bi e¨vcv‡i evoevwo Ki bv I Avj­vni m¤^‡Ü
mZ¨ e¨ZxZ ej bv| gvi&qvg cyÎ Cmv gmxn Avj­vni ivm~j Ges
Zuvi evYx hv wZwb gvi&qv‡gi Kv‡Q †cÖiY K‡iwQ‡jb I Zvi
Av‡`k| myZivs †Zvgiv Avj­vn I Zvi ivm~‡ji cÖwZ Cgvb Avb
Ges ÔwZbÕ e‡jv bvÑ wbe„Ë nI, GUv †Zvgv‡`i R‡b¨ Kj¨vYKi
n‡e| Avj­vn †Zv GKgvÎ Bjvn| Zuvi mš—vb n‡eÑ wZwb G †_‡K
cweÎ| Avmgv‡b hv wKQy Av‡Q I Rwg‡b hv wKQy Av‡Q me
Avj­vniB| Kg©- weav‡b Avj­vnB h‡_ó|
gmxn Avj­vni ev›`v nIqv‡K †nq Ávb K‡i bv Ges Nwbô
†d‡ikZvMYI bq; †KD Avj­vni ev›`v nIqv‡K †nq Ávb Ki‡j
Ges AnsKvi Ki‡j wZwb Zv‡`i mKj‡K Zuvi Kv‡Q GKÎ
Ki‡eb|
hviv Cgvb Av‡b I mrKvR K‡i wZwb Zv‡`i‡K c~Y© cyi¯‹vi `vb
Ki‡eb Ges wbR AbyMÖ‡n Av‡iv †ewk †`‡eb; wKš‘ hviv †nq Ávb
K‡i I AnsKvi K‡i Zv‡`i wZwb gg©š‘` kvw¯—`vb Ki‡eb Ges
290 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
Avj­vn e¨ZxZ Zv‡`i Rb¨ Zviv †Kvb AwffveK I mnvq cv‡e bv|
(4 : 171-173)
KziAvb Cmv Av.Ñ Gi µzkwe× K‡i nZ¨vi `vwe cÖZ¨vL¨vb
K‡i, c¶vš—‡i mg_©b K‡i Zuvi EaŸ©v‡ivnY‡K :
Avi ÔAvgiv Avj­vni ivm~j gvi&qvg cyÎ Cmv gmxn‡K nZ¨v K‡iwQÕ
Zv‡`i G Dw³i Rb¨ Zviv jvbZMÖ¯—| A_P Zviv Zv‡K nZ¨vI
K‡iwb, µzkwe×I K‡iwb, wKš‘ Zv‡`i G iKg weåg n‡qwQj|
hviv Zvi m¤^‡Ü gZ‡f` K‡iwQj Zviv wbðqB G m¤^‡Ü mskqhy³
wQj; G m¤ú‡K© Abygvb Kiv Qvov Zv‡`i †Kvb ÁvbB wQj bv|
GUv wbwðZ †h Zviv Zv‡K nZ¨v K‡iwb|
eis Avj­vn Zv‡K Zuvi wbKU Zz‡j wb‡q‡Qb Ges Avj­vn
civµgkvjx; cÖÁvgq| (4 : 157-158)
P~ovš—fv‡e :
hviv e‡j, ÔAvj­vnB gvi&qvg cyÎ gmxnÕ, Zviv †Zv Kzdwi K‡i‡QB;
A_P gmxn e‡jwQj, Ô†n ebx BmivBj! †Zvgiv Avgvi cÖwZcvjK
I †Zvgv‡`i cÖwZcvjK Avj­vni Bev`Z Ki|Õ †KD Avj­vni kwiK
Ki‡j Avj­vn Zvi R‡b¨ RvbœvZ Aek¨B wbwl× Ki‡eb I Zvi
Avevm Rvnvbœvg| Rvwjg‡`i †Kvb mvnvh¨Kvix †bB|
hviv e‡j, Ô Avj­vn †Zv wZ‡bi g‡a¨ GKRb; Zviv †Zv Kzdwi
K‡i‡QB; hw`I GK Bjvn e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †Kvb Bjvn †bB| Zviv hv
e‡j Zv †_‡K wbe„Ë bv n‡j Zv‡`i g‡a¨ hviv Kzdwi K‡i‡Q Zv‡`i
Dci gg©š‘` kvw¯— AvcwZZ n‡eB| Z‡e wK Zviv Avj­vni w`‡K
cÖZ¨veZ©b Ki‡e bv I Zuvi Kv‡Q ¶gv cÖv_©bv Ki‡e bv? Avj­vn
†Zv ¶gvkxj, cig `qvjy|
gvi&qvg cyÎ gmxn †Zv †Kej GKRb ivm~j; Zvi c~‡e© eû ivm~j
MZ n‡q‡Q Ges Zvi gvZv mZ¨wbô wQj| Zviv Df‡qB Lv`¨
Avnvi KiZ| †`L Zv‡`i R‡b¨ AvqvZ KZ wek`fv‡e eY©bv Kwi;
AviI †`L, Zviv wK fv‡e mZ¨ wegyL nq| (5 : 72-75)
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 291
GB ivm~jMY, Zv‡`i g‡a¨ KvD‡K Kv‡iv Dci †kÖôZ¡ `vb K‡iwQ|
Zv‡`i g‡a¨ Ggb †KD i‡q‡Q hvi mv‡_ Avj­vn K_v e‡j‡Qb,
Avevi KvD‡K D”P gh©v`vI DbœxZ K‡i‡Qb| gvi&qvg cyÎ Cmv‡K
¯úó cÖgvY cÖ`vb K‡iwQ I cweÎ AvZ¥v Øviv Zv‡K kw³kvjx
K‡iwQ| Avj­vn B”Qv Ki‡j Zv‡`i cieZ©xiv Zv‡`i Kv‡Q ¯úó
cÖgvY mgvMZ nIqvi ci cvi¯úwiK hy×- weMÖ‡n wjß nZ bv; wKš‘
Zv‡`i g‡a¨ gZ‡f` m„wó nj| d‡j Zv‡`i wKQy wKQy Cgvb Avbj
Ges wKQy wKQy Kzdwi Kij| Avj­vn B”Qv Ki‡j Zviv cvi¯úwiK
hy× weMÖ‡n wjß nZ bv, wKš‘ Avj­vn hv B”Qv Zv K‡ib| (2 : 253)
wKš‘Ñ
Aek¨ †gvwgb‡`i cÖwZ kΓZvq gvby‡li g‡a¨ Bqvû`x I
gykwiK‡`iB Zzwg me©vwaK DMÖ †`L‡e Ges hviv e‡j ÔAvgiv
L„óvbÕ, gvby‡li g‡a¨ Zv‡`iB Zzwg †gvwgb‡`i wbKUZi eÜzi“‡c
†`L‡e, KviY Zv‡`i g‡a¨ A‡bK cwÊZ I msmvi weivMx Av‡Q,
Avi Zviv AnsKvi K‡i bv| (5 : 82)
292 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
`kg Aa¨vq
nvw`m I gymwjg BwZnvm MÖ‡š’ Cmv Av.
Áv‡bi Av‡iKwU Drm nj nvw`m, Avi G nvw`m m¤ú‡K© L„óvb
ag©vej¤^x‡`i AÜKv‡i ivLv n‡q‡Q| gynv¤§` mvjjû AvjvBwn Iqv
mvj†gi gy‡Li evYx I Zvi Kg©Kv‡Êi cÖZ¨¶`k©xi weeiY m¤^wjZ
wjwLZ iƒcB nj nvw`m| mZK© cix¶v I hvPvB- evQvB Gi
cwiYwZ‡Z cÖvgvY¨ nvw`m MÖš’mg~‡ni Dci wfwË K‡i †h nvw`m
mvwnZ¨ M‡o D‡V‡Q Zv‡K †nq cÖwZcbœ Kivi Rb¨ weMZ kZ‡K
†ivgvb PvP© I L„óvb wgkbvwiMY GKwU AZ¨vaywbK KcU e„wË
(Pseudo_Scholarship) cÖwZôv K‡i| wbD †Uóv‡g‡›U †h me
Mm‡cj Aš—f©y³ Kiv n‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv †gv‡UB †Kvb hvPvB- evQvB
Kiv nqwb| wKš‘ nvw`‡mi †¶‡Î †ZgbwU N‡Uwb| cÖwZwU nvw`mB
wbf©i‡hvM¨ m~Î †_‡K M„nxZ, cÖ‡qvR‡b Zvi Drm mÜv‡b †cuŠ‡Q
hvIqv n‡q‡Q gnvbex mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqvmvj­vg Gi †mB
mvnvwei Kv‡Q whwb cÖK…ZB Zvi gy‡Li K_v kÖeY K‡i‡Qb I wewfbœ
NUbv cÖZ¨¶ K‡i‡Qb| nvw`m mg~‡ni me©v‡c¶v wbf©i‡hvM¨ m~Î
n‡jb †m me e¨w³ hviv Avj­vn‡K fq Ki‡Zb I fv‡jvevm‡Zb|
nvw`m MÖš’¸‡jvi g‡a¨ me©vwaK ¸i“Z¡c~Y© MÖš’ `ywU Bgvg Avj eyLvwi
I Bgvg gymwjg KZ©…K msKwjZ| gnvbex gynv¤§` mvj­vj­vû
AvjvBwn Iqvmvj­vg Gi Idv‡Zi cÖvq GK‡kv wek eQi ci Zv
msKwjZ Kiv nq| Gme nvw`‡m gnvbex mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn
Iqvmvj­vg Gi Rxeb I Áv‡bi cÖwZwU w`KB Dcw¯’Z| nvw`m nj
gynv¤§` mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqvmvj­vg Gi wk¶vi Acwinvh© Ask|
Bgvg eyLvix (i.) I Bgvg gymwjg (i.) †m me nvw`m msMÖn
K‡iwQ‡jb ivm~j mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqvmvj­vg Gi mgKvjxb
cÖZ¨¶`k©x‡`i weeiY †_‡K|
nvw`‡m †hgb Cmv Av. Gi cÖm½ i‡q‡Q, †Zgwb eû gymwjg
cwÊZI Zvi evYx I K‡g©i weeiY cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| G¸‡jv g~jZ:
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 293
Cmv Av. Gi cÖ_g w`‡Ki AbymvixMY KZ©…K msM„nxZ n‡qwQj|
hviv Avie I DËi Avwd«Kvq Qwo‡q c‡owQ‡jb| hLb gynv¤§`
mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqvmvj­vg Gi AvMgb NUj, ZLb Cmv Av. Gi
Gme wk‡l¨i eû AbymvixB Bmjvg MÖnY K‡ib| Cmv Av. m¤ú‡K©
Zv‡`i Kv‡Q †h me weeiY wQj Zv Zviv i¶v K‡iwQ‡jb| Cmv
Av. †kl bex gynv¤§` mvj­vj­vû AvjvBwn Iqvmvj­vg Gi AvMg‡bi
e¨vcv‡i fwel¨ØvYx K‡iwQ‡jb| hv‡nvK, gymjgvbiv cÖR‡b¥i ci
cÖRb¥ nvw`mg~n jvjb I PP©v K‡ib| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ eû nvw`m
P~ovš—fv‡e mvÕjvexiÕi ÔKvmvmyj Avw¤^qvÕ (Stories of the
Prophets) Ges Avj- Mvhvjxi ÔBnqvD DjywgÏxbÕ (Revival
of the life Transaction Sciences) MÖ‡š’ Aš—f©y³ nq| GUv
Zvrch©c~Y©fv‡e j¶Yxq †h Gme nvw`‡m wK ¯úófv‡e †mB gnvb
bexi Rxeb I K‡g©i GK my¯úó I c~Y©v½ wPÎ dz‡U D‡V‡Q whwb
myMg K‡iwQ‡jb †kl bexi c„w_ex‡Z AvMg‡bi c_|
KvÔe Avj Avnevi e‡jbt gvi&qv‡gi cyÎ Cmv Av. wQ‡jb jvj
i‡Oi, mv`v †Nulv, Zvi Pzj `xN© wQj bv, wZwb KL‡bvB gv_vq †Zj
e¨envi Ki‡Zb bv| wZwb Lvwj cv‡q nuvU‡Zb, †Kvb evwo Ni,
AvmevecÎ, †Kvb mvgMÖx, †cvkvK A_ev Ab¨ wKQyB Zvi wQj bv
ïaygvÎ w`‡bi Lvevi Qvov| †hLv‡bB m~h©v¯— nZ †mLv‡bB wZwb
†_‡g co‡Zb Ges ciw`b †fvi bv nIqv ch©š— Dcvmbvq iZ
_vK‡Zb| wZwb Rb¥v‡Üi `„wó wdwi‡q w`‡Zb| Kzô‡`i †ivM
wbivgq Ki‡Zb Ges Avj­vni ûKz‡g g„Z‡`i cybR©xeb `vb
Ki‡Zb| wZwb Zvi †jvK‡`i ej‡Zb Zviv evwo‡Z Kx Lv‡”Q Ges
AvMvgxKv‡ji R‡b¨ Kx gRyZ K‡i †i‡L‡Q| wZwb mgy‡`ªi cvwbi
Dci w`‡q †nu‡U †h‡Zb| Zvi gv_v Aweb¨¯— _vKZ, Zvi gyLgÊj
wQj †QvU| wZwb wQ‡jb c„w_ex‡Z GK K‡Vvi Zc¯^x, huvi j¶¨ wQj
ciKvj Ges wZwb wQ‡jb Avj­vni Bev`‡Z gk¸j| Bqvû`xiv
hZw`b bv Zv‡K Luy‡R Ges Zuv‡K nZ¨v Kivi Pµvš— K‡iwQj
294 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
ZZw`b wZwb wQ‡jb c„w_ex‡Z GK gymvwdi| Gici Avj­vn Zuv‡K
Avmgv‡b Zz‡j †bb; Avj­vnB mg¨K AeMZ|
Cmv Av. e‡j‡Qb, hviv Bn‡jv‡Ki AvKv•¶v K‡i Zviv nj
†mB e¨w³i b¨vq †h mgy‡`ªi cvwb cvb K‡i; hZ †ewk †m cvb
Ki‡e Zvi Z…òv ZZ e„w× cv‡e, hZ¶Y bv Zvi g„Zz¨ nq|Ó
Cmv Av. GKw`b wZb e¨w³‡K †`L‡Z †c‡jb| Zv‡`i kixi
wQj K…kKvq I d¨vKv‡k| wZwb Zv‡`i wRÁvmv Ki‡jb,
Ò†Zvgv‡`i GB Ae¯’vi KviY wK?Ó Zviv Reve w`j, Av¸‡bi
f‡q| wZwb ej‡jb, Òhviv fxZ Zv‡`i wbivcËv `vb Avj­vni
`vwqZ¡|Ó wZwb Zv‡`i †Q‡o GwM‡q wM‡q Av‡iv wZb e¨w³‡K
†`L‡Z †c‡jb| Zviv Av‡iv †ewk ¶xYKvq I d¨vKv‡k| wZwb
Zv‡`i wRÁvmv Ki‡jb, Ò†Zvgv‡`i GB Ae¯’v n‡q‡Q †Kb? Zviv
Reve w`j, ÒAvgiv †e‡nk&‡Zi evMvb PvB|Ó wZwb ej‡jb,
Ò†Zvgv‡`i Avkv c~iY Kiv Avj­vni `vwqZ¡|Ó Zv‡`i AwZµg K‡i
Av‡iv wKQy `~i AMÖmi nIqvi ci wZwb Av‡iv wZb e¨w³‡K †`L‡Z
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†Zvgiv Zviv hviv Avj­vni wbKUZg, †Zvgiv Zviv hviv Avj­vni
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 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 295 296 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
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gvi&qv‡gi cyÎ Cmvi wbKUZg| bweMY ˆegv‡Îq fvB fvB, Zv‡`i g‡bvbxZ K‡iwQ ØxbÑ Avj Bmjvg| (Avj-KziAvb 5t3)
gvZv wfbœ wfbœ, wKš‘ ag© GK| Avgv‡`i `yÕR‡bi g‡a¨ †Kvb bex
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Zviv mK‡jB GK, Zuv‡`i g‡a¨ †Kvb cv_©K¨ †bB| Zuviv GK
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mv‡_ Avi wKQy hy³ n‡Z cv‡i bv|
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GKwU wbw`©ó Rb‡Mvôxi Kv‡Q †cÖiY Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖ‡Z¨K bex jvf
K‡i‡Qb mybœvn ev Rxeb- KvVv‡gv, ixwZ- bxwZ, GKwU mvgvwRK
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 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 297
Aa¨vq UxKv
cÖ_g Aa¨vq
1) The Apostolic Fathers, E. J. Goodspeed
2) Articles of the Apostolic creed, Theodore Zahn, c„.
3) The Apostolic Fathers, E. J. Goodspeed
4) Articles of the Apostolic creed, Theodore Zahn, c„.
5) Tetradymus, John Toland.
6) Outline of the History of Dogma, Adolf Harnack.
7) What is Christianity? H. c„. 20|
8) The Jesus Report, J. Lehman (Krewz Verlag,
Stuttgart, 2q ms¯‹iY, 1960, c„. 112 †_‡K DׄZ)
9) Articles of The Apostolic Creed, Theodore Zahn.
10) Erasmi Epistolai, 1334 ed, P.S. Allen, V. c„. 173-192
wØZxq Aa¨vq
1) The Jesus Report, J. Lehman, c„. 14-15|
2) The wilderness Revolt, Bishop Pike, c„.101|
3) The Dead Sea Scrolls, Edmund wilson.
4) The Death of Jesus, Joel Carmichael, c„.141
5) The Dead Sea Scrolls, edmund wilson, c„.94|
6) The Death of Jesus, Joel Carmichael, c„.139
7) The Jesus Scroll, D. Joycee, c„.126|
8) The Nazarenes, John Toland, c„.18|
9) The life of Jesus, Carveri.
Z…Zxq Aa¨vq
1) The Nazarenes, John Toland, c„.1-6|
2) Spicilegium : (ex cod. Baroce. 39), Grabe.
3) The Nazarenes, John Toland, c„.15-16|
4) The Apostolic Fathers, E. J. Goodspeed c„.266|
PZz_© Aa¨vq
1) The Apostolic Fathers, Edgar J. Goodspeed.
298 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
cÂg Aa¨vq
1) The Kingdom of Fod and Primitive Christian
Belief, Albert Schweitzer, c„.149|
2) Lebuch II, Heinrich Holzmann, c„.256,376|
3) The Jesus Report, Johannes Lehman, c„.123|
4) The Beginning of the christian Church, Hanz
Lietzman, c„.104|
5) Paul and His Interpreters, Albert Schweitzer,
c„.198|
6) The Nazarenes, John Toland, c„.6 (f~wgKv)|
7) A History of christianity in the Apostolic Age, A.
C. Macgiffert c„.216, 231, 424-5|
8) DׄZ, The Jesus Report, Johannes Lehman, c„.126|
9) DׄZ, H c„.127|
10) DׄZ, H c„.128|
11) The Nazarenes, John Toland, c„.73-76|
lô Aa¨vq
1) Constantine the Great, J.B. Firth, c„.190-191|
2) A History of Christianity in the Appostolic Age,
A.C, Macgiffert, c„.127|
3) The Donatist Church, W.H.C. Frend, c„.153|
4) H, c„.164|
5) H,
6) H,
7) H,
8) Constantine the Great, J.B. Firth.
9) H,
10) The Donatist Church, W.H.C. Frend, c„.164|
11) H, c„.326|
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 299 300 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
12) John 14 t 28, evB‡ej| 7) Treatises concerning the Mohametons A. Reland,
13) Constantine the Great, J.B. Firth. c„.60| c„.215-23|
14) H, 8) Francis David, W.C. Gannett.
15) H, 9) H,
16) H, 10) A History of Unitarianism, E.M. wilbur.
17) H, 11) Francis David, W.C. Gannett.
18) The Council of Nicea, J. Kayee c„.23-25| 12) H,
19) Constantine the Great, J.B. Firth. c„.60| 13) H,
20) Arius, Prof. Gwatkin. 14) A History of Unitarianism, E.M. wilbur, c„. 78|
21) H, 15) Treatises concerning the Mohametons A. Reland,
22) H, c„.190
23) Tetradymus, J.Toland. 16) Francis David, W.C. Gannett.
24) H, 17) Anti-Trinitarian Biographies, A. wallace.
25) H, 18) A History of Reformation in Poland, Lubinietski.
26) H, 19) Anti-Trinitarian Biographies, A. wallace.
27) H, 20) H,
28) A History of Christianity in the Appostolic Age, 21) H, f~wgKv, c„. 79|
A.C. Macgiffet. 22) H, c„. 44|
29) The Condemnation of Pope Honorius, John 23) H, c„. 44|
Chapman. 24) Historical and Critical Reflections upon
30) H, Mohametonism and Socianism, A. Reland.
31) H, 25) The Nazarenes, John Toland.
26) Anti-Trinitarian Biographies,III, A. wallace.
mßg Aa¨vq 27) H,
1) The Hunted Heretic, R.H.Bainton. 28) H,
2) A History of Unitarianism, E.M.Wilbar. 29) The Religion of the Protestants, W.
3) Challenge of liberal Faith, G.N.Marshall. Chillingworth.
4) Anti-Trinitarian Biographies, A. wallace. 30) H,
5) Rise of the Dutch Republic, Motley. 31) Anti-Trinitarian Biographies,III, A. wallace.
6) The Epic of Unitarianism, D.B. Parke, c„.5-6| 32) True Opinion Concerning the Holy Trinity, J.
Biddle
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 301 302 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex
33) Anti-Trinitarian Biographies,III, A. wallace. 61) Anti-Trinitarian Biographies,III, A. wallace.
34) The Epic of Unitarianism, D. B. Parke, c„.31-32| 62) H,
35) Anti-Trinitarian Biographies,III, A. wallace. 63) A History of Unitarianism, E. M. willbur, c„.424|
36) H, 64) H,
37) H, 65) Anti-Trinitarian Biographies,III, A. wallace.
38) The Christian Doctrine, J. Milton. 66) The Epic of Unitarianism, D. B. Parke.
39) H, 67) Challenge of a Liberal Faith, G.N. Marshall.
40) Anti-Trinitarian Biographies,III, A. wallace. 68) A History of Unitarianism, E. M. willbur.
41) The Christian Doctrine, J. Milton.
42) H,
43) Anti-Trinitarian Biographies,III, A. wallace. Aóg Aa¨vq
c„.428| 1) A Christian Introduction to Religions of the
44) H, c„. 438| world, J. G. Vos, c„.66-67|
45) H, 2) H, c„.27|
46) H, 3) The world’s Religions, N. Anderson, c„.232|
47) H, c„. 517| 4) “1984”, G. Orwell, c„.220|
48) H, 5) Christianity on Trial, I, Collin Chapman, c„.37|
49) H, 6) Time Magazine, May 24th, 1976, c„.42-43|
50) H, 7) Christianity on Trial, I, Collin Chapman, c„.37|
51) The Epic of Unitarianism, D. B. Parke, c„.46| 8) H, c„.51-52|
52) H, c„.47| 9) Time Magazine, May 24th, 1976, c„.46|
53) A list of False Reading of the Scripture, T. 10) Christianity on Trial, I, Collin Chapman, c„.63|
Lindsey. 11) H, c„.74|
54) Two Dissertations, T. Lindsey. 12) H, c„.61|
55) Memoirs of Dr. Priestly, J. Priestly.
56) H, c„. 76|
57) H, c„. 89|
58) The Epic of Unitarianism, D. B. Parke, c„.48|
59) A History of the corruptions of christianity, J.
Priestly.
60) The History of Jesus Christ, J. Priestly.
 Cmv gmxn t Bmjv‡gi GK bex 303
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