In mathematics, a dome is a closed geometrical surface which can be obtained by sectioning off

a portion of a sphere with an intersecting plane. It consists of two parts: (1) a flat disk, which is
joined to (2) a convex surface whose curvature is uniform and which has a circular boundary:
this boundary joins with the rim of the disk. The disk can be referred to as the dome's "base".

A pair of parameters are enough to describe a dome: (1) its diameter and (2) its height. The
diameter refers to the size of the base, whereas the height refers to the perpendicular distance
between the center of the base and the center of the concavity.

The dome's convex region, which may be referred to here as "ceiling" (in an analogy with
architecture) has a radius of curvature rc given by

where d is the diameter and h is the height.

The kind of dome described so far is a spherical dome, though there are variants, such as the
spheroidal dome, obtained by sectioning off a portion of a spheroid so that the resulting dome is
symmetrical (having an axis of rotation), and likewise the ellipsoidal dome derived from the
ellipsoid.

The surface area of a spherical dome's ceiling is

and the dome's volume is given by

Volume of a Frustum of a Cone

A frustum may be formed from a cone with a circular base by cutting off the tip of the cone with
a cut perpendicular to the height, forming a lower base and an upper base that are circular and
parallel.

Let h be the height, R the radius of the lower base, and r the radius of the upper base. One
picture of the frustrum is the following.
Given R, r, and h, find the volume of the frustum.

Hint (Consider the difference of two cones)

The Formula