needs, with basic needs at the bottom and higher needs at the top.
Maslow claimed that people must satisfy their
lower needs before moving on to a higher level. Maslow M a s l o w 's H i e r a r c h y o f n e e d s
S e lf- a c t u a lis a t io n
E s te e m n e e d s
S o c ia l N e e d s
S a fe ty n e e d s
B a s ic N e e d s Herzberg
Herzberg developed the idea of job
satisfaction. This is the pleasure that people get from their work.
To gain job satisfaction, Herzberg thought four
factors need to be present: Herzberg
1. Recognition - having good or hard work
recognised, especially by managers.
2. Achievement - the personal feeling
gained from knowing that a job has been done well. Herzberg 3.Promotion - this comes from recognition and achievement which lead to a more senior job.
4. Responsibility - this comes from
promotion, and increases a person’s sense of recognition. It results in a greater sense of achievement. Herzberg • Herzberg also noted that there • If these factors are were hygiene factors that are missing morale essential for a happy and motivation are workforce. These are include lower and can lead good pay and working to unhappy conditions, as shown by a workers and a fall clean and safe workplace, the in output control of noise and fumes and good rest breaks. McGregor Theory X • Workers cannot be • They have to be told trusted. what to do. • They work only for the • They must be money. supervised closely • They do as little as • They avoid possible. responsibility. • They cannot be relied on. McGregor Theory Y • Workers enjoy their • They can take initiatives. work • They enjoy • They work hard and responsibility. expect to be reasonably • They are willing to take paid. decisions. • They are honest • They can work without trustworthy supervision. • They are able to • Money is not their only organise themselves motivation. McGregor • Firms that believe theory X have many rules and regulations. There may be few chances of promotion and workers are not valued.
• Firms that believe in theory Y encourage their
workers. They want to see them grow and give them opportunities for further training and experience. They allow them to use their initiative to gain promotion.
Paul S. Adler - Paul Du Gay - Glenn Morgan - Michael Reed (Eds.) - The Oxford Handbook of Sociology, Social Theory, and Organization Studies - Contemporary Currents-Oxford University Press, USA (2014)