http://vhp.

org hn-e
10 cq-]

2010 sk]v‰w-_-¿ ˛ HIvtSm-_¿ 1186 I∂n

 Cu e°-Øn¬......
chn- k - ∂ n- [ n- a m- t {XW
kqcy- I m¥x {]Im- t i\
Kpcp- k - ∂ n- [ n- a m- t {XW
injy- ⁄ m\mw {]Im- i tX
(\o-Xn-km-cw)
k\m-X-\ -kmw-kvIm-cnI amknI BZn-Xys‚ km∂n-≤yw sIm≠v kqcyIm¥w {]Im-in-°pw. Kpcp-km-∂n≤yw sIm≠v injy-⁄m\w {]Im-in°pw

]pkvXIw 22, e°w 6

5 22
1186 I∂n
2010 sk-]v‰w-_¿ ˛ HIvtSm-_¿
ka-Im-enI
`m-{Z-]Zw ˛ Bizn\w
(1932) cma-t£{Xw tZio-bm-hiyw lnμp-hns‚ Ahÿ
sI. kp\ojv kzman hna-em-\μ
{]km-[I≥
]n.-Fkv.- Im-in-hn-iz-\m-Y≥-
11 Imhpw a\p-jy\pw
]{Xm-[n-]-k-anXn am[-hZ
- mkv
sI.-hn. aZ-\≥ 16 hmkvXp-im-kv{Xhpw Btcm-Ky-c£
- bpw
IpΩ\w cmP-ti-J-c≥ tUm. sI. Ac-hn-μm-£≥
ImeSn aWn-I-WvT≥ 25 \mKm-cm-[\ ˛ GXn-lyw, A\p-jvTm-\w, {]k‡n
tUm. sI. Ac-hn-μm-£≥ Fw.-Sn. [\y
(apJy]{Xm[n-]¿) 41
At_m-[Ø
- ns‚ h\-ÿe
- n-Iƒ
sI. kp\ojv am[-hZ
- mkv
(]-{Xm-[n-]¿)
D]tZiIkan-Xn- 29 32
BNm-cy- \tc{μ`q-j¨-
am-Sºv- Ip-™p-Ip-´≥
]n.- \m-cm-bW°p-dp-∏v tIc-fØ
- nse
_o`-’a
- mb {]Xn-Imcw
Fkv. cta-i≥\m-b¿ tUm. {]ho¨`mbv sXmKm-Unb hnj-Nn-In-’m-]m-cº
- cyw
sI.]n. iin-Ie tUm. atljv ]n.-bp.

Imcym-ebw
lnμp-hniz
ÿncw ]w‡n-Iƒ
lnμpkmwkvIm-cn-I-tI{μw
4 tIcfw Xo{h-hm-Zn-I-fpsS kz¥w \mSv
Ieq¿,- sIm-®n-˛682 017 FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬
tIcfw
35 bPp¿thZw ˛ kpt_m-[n-\o-`mjyw
t^m¨- : 0484˛2539322 cmPp ]q™m¿
^m-Iv-kv- : 0484˛2539322
36 kmwJy-tbmKw
hinduvishwa.malayalam@gmail.com kc-kzXn Fkv. hmcy¿
]c-ky-hn-`mKw
37
Nne atX-Xc
- h
- n-hm-lß
- ƒ
F.-_n. taml-\≥ \mtSmSn
t^m¨- : 9 6 4 5 1 6 76 4 3 42 1186 I∂namkw Fßs\?
\oe-a\ IrjvW≥ \ºq-Xncn

1186ln-I∂n
hniz- μp-]-cn-jØv {]kn-≤o-I-cWw
ln-μp-hn-iz-
[¿-tΩm- c£Xn- c£n-Xx- 3
apJ-{]-
kwKw
lnμp-hns\
Xo{h-hm-Zn-bm-°-cp-Xv...
tI{μ B`y-¥-c-a{¥n NnZw-_cw Ign™ GXm\pw Znh-k-ß-fmbn ]{X-am-[y-a-ß-fn¬
henb {]m[m-\y-tØmsS ÿm\w]nSn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv At±-l-Øns‚ ""Imhn-`o-I-cX'' ""sslμ-h-
`o-I-cX'', XpS-ßnb {]tbm-K-߃ sIm≠m-Wv. hnhmZ {]kvXm-h-\-I-fpsS t]cn¬ apsºm-cn-
°¬ ÿm\w \jvS-s∏´v Xncn-®p-h-∂-bm-fm-sW-¶n-epw tI{μ B`y-¥-c-a-{¥n-sb∂ \ne-bn¬
At±-l-Øns‚ hm°p-Iƒ°v henb {]Xym-Lm-X-ap-≠m-hp-sa∂v Xo¿®. Zp¿`-c-W-Øn-s‚bpw
sISp-Im-cy-ÿ-X-bp-sSbpw t]cn¬ a≥taml≥knßv k¿°m¿ \mWw-sI-´p-\n¬°p-Ibpw P\-
ß-fpsS ip`-{]-Xo£ _n.-sP.-]n. bnte°v Xncn-bp-I-bpw- sN-øp∂ Hcp kml-N-cy-Øn¬, hnd-
fn-sb-Sp-Øp-\n¬°p∂ Hcp tIm¨{K- p-Im-cs‚ hnSp-hmbØ-sa∂v CXv Fgp-Xn-Ø≈ - m≥ \n¿hm-
l-an-√.
sslμh`oI-c-X-s°-Xnsc Pm{KX ]men-°-W-sa∂ tI{μ-a-{¥n-bpsS ap∂-dn-bn∏v ssl{Zm-
_m-Znse sa°m akvPnZv, amte-Km-hv, APvao¿, tKmh kvt^mS-\ßfn¬ lnμpkwL-S-\-
Iƒ°p≈ ]¶n-s\-°p-dn®v C‚-en-P≥kv GP≥kn-Iƒ \¬Inb dnt∏m¿´ns\ XpS¿∂m-W-
s{X. F∂m¬, cmPy-Øns‚ \nc-h[n tImWp-I-f-n¬ A\p-Zn-\-sa-t∂mWw ap…nw Xo{h-hm-Zn-
Iƒ \S-Øp∂ B{I-a-W-߃°p t\sc atX-X-c-Xz-Øns‚ apJwaqSn-b-Wn™ tI{μ-`-c-W-
Iq-S-Øns‚ \njv{In-b-Xz-Øn¬ km[m-c-W-ln-μp-°-fn¬t]mepw D≠m-hp∂ Ac-£n-X-Xz-t_m-
[-Øns‚ {]I-S-\-at√ ta¬]-d™ B{I-a-W-߃ F∂p tI{μ-a{¥n kuI-cy-]q¿Δw ad-∂p-
I-f-bp-I-bt√?
-]m¿e-sa‚n-\p-t\sc \S∂ Xo{h-hmZn B{I-a-W-Øn¬ kp{]ow-tIm-SXn h[-in£ hn[n®
A^vk¬Kp-cp-hns\ Xq°n-te-‰m≥ h¿j-߃ Ign-™n´pw aSn-®p-\n¬°p∂ tI{μ-`-c-W-sØ
Fß-s\-bmWv ImtW-≠Xv? apwss_-bnse XmPv-˛-H-_vtdmbv tlm´-ep-I-fnepw \cn-am≥
t]mbn‚nepw hntZ-in-I-f-S°w ap∂q-dn-tesd \nc-]-cm-[n-Isf Iq´-s°me \S-Ønb Xo{h-hm-Zn-
Isf Kuc-h-]q¿hw hnNm-c-W-sNbvXv in£n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-]-Icw Ahsc h®v cmjv{So-bw Ifn-
°p-I-bt√ tI{μw sNøp-∂Xv? KpP-dm-Ønse kzman \mcm-b-W≥ t£{X-Øn¬ shSn-bp-Xn¿Øv
\qtdmfw t]sc sIm∂p-ho-gvØnb AXn-{Iaw lnμp-°ƒ°v ad°m-\m-hptam? \me-©p-h¿j-
߃°p-apºv cma-P-∑-ÿm-\Øv Xo{h-hm-Zn-Iƒ \S-Ønb B{I-aWw ssZhm-[o-\w-sIm-≠t√
hnP-bn-°msX t]mbXv? ]nUn]nbpambn _‘-s∏´ tImb-º-Øq¿ tÿmS-\-t°-kv, _mw•q¿
kvt^mS-\-t°kv Ch-bn-se√mw ap…n-߃ Ip‰-hm-fn-I-fm-hp-∂n-SØv arZp-k-ao-]\w ]pe¿Øp-
Ibpw ap…nw`oI-c-X-sb-∂p-hn-fn-°m≥t]mepw ssha-\kyw ImWn-°pIbpw sNøp∂ a\x-ÿn-
Xnsb F¥mWv hnfn-t°≠Xv? lnμp-°ƒ kzm`m-hn-I-ambn ImWn-°p∂ {]Xn-I-c-W-ß-fn¬
(ta¬sIm-SpØ kw`-h-ß-fn¬) acn-®-h-cpsS FÆ-sa{X? CtX- Im-e-b-f-hn¬ lnμp-°ƒ°p
t\sc \S∂ AXn-{I-a-ß-fn¬ acn-®-h¿ F{X? Imivao-cn-epw cmPy-Øns‚ a‰p ]e-`m-K-ß-
fnepw C…m-an-I-Xo-{h-hm-Zn-Iƒ ]mIvNm-c-∑m-tcm-sSm∏w \S-Øp∂ AXn-{I-a-߃°p-t\sc tI{μ-
k¿°m¿ IÆ-S-®n-cp-´m-°p-tºmƒ, I¿Wm-S-I-Øn-sebpw KpP-dm-Øn-sebpw _n.-sP.-]n. k¿°m-
cp-I-ft√ Ah-cp-sS bYm¿∞-Nn{Xw ]pd-Øp-sIm-≠p-h-∂Xv? Xo{h-hmZn B{I-a-W-ß-fn¬ XSn-
b‚-hnS \ko-dns\ t]mep≈ ae-bmfn Xo{h-hm-Zn-Iƒ°p≈ ]¶v KpP-dmØv k¿°m¿ shfn-®-
Øp-sIm-≠p-h-∂n´pw \S-]-Sn-sb-Sp-°m≥ Ime-Xm-akw hcp-Øns-b-∂p-am-{X-a-√, hmepw Xpºp-an-
√msX {]Xn-Iƒ°v c£-s∏-Sm≥ If-sam-cp-°p-I-bt√ tIc-f-Ønse CS-Xp-]£k¿°mcpw tI{μ
C‚-en-P≥kv kwhn-[m-\hpw sNøp-∂Xv? tIc-f-Øn¬ \nc-h[n Dƒ\m-S≥ {Kma-ß-fn¬ Xo{h-
hmZn dn{Iq´vsa‚p-Ifpw Bbp[]cn-io-e\ßfpw \S-°p-∂p-sh∂ kXy-Øn-\p-t\sc IÆ-S-°p-
(t]Pv 39¬ XpS-cpw..)
1186 I∂n
4 ln-μp-hn-iz-
 sI. kp\ojv

Atbm-≤y-bnse {iocm-a-P-∑-ÿ-
eØv `hy-am-sbmcp t£{X-sa∂ `mc-Xob
kz]v\-Øn\v \q‰m-≠p-I-fpsS ]g-°-ap≠v.
`qX-Im-e-N-cn-{X-Øm-fp-I-fn¬ ]S-tbm-´-ß-fp-
sSbpw A[n-\n-th-i-ß-fp-sSbpw c‡-°-d-]n-
Sn® kvarXn-I-fmbn Ah-bn∂pw k\m-X-\-
[¿Ω-hn-izm-kn-Isf Akz-ÿ-cm-°p-∂p.
Atbm-≤y-sb-∂m¬ `mc-XobXX-s∂. `mc-X-
Øns‚ AkvXn-Xz-sa∂v Nq≠n-°m-´m-hp-∂Xv
CØcw X\n-a-I-sf-bmWv. C°m-cy-a-dn-bm-hp-
∂-Xp-sIm≠mWv _m_dpw ]n∂o-Sp-h∂
C…m-anI A[n-\n-th-i-Icpw \ΩpsS
Ncn-{X˛-hn-izm-k-˛-ss]-Xr-I-ßsf Iog-S-
°m\pw- XI¿°m\pw apXn¿∂-Xv. F∂n´pw
Hcn-°epw Iog-S-°m-\m-hmØ sh√p-hn-fn-I-
fmbn B{I-a-W-Im-cn-Iƒ°p-ap-∂n¬ Cu
hnizm-k-ßfpw AXns‚ ]pd-Inse ]pcm-ss]-
Xr-I-ßfpw IqSp-X¬ kPo-hX ]pe¿Øn-
s°m-≠p-\n-∂p. Atbm-≤ybpw Cß-s\-X-
s∂. Atbm-≤y-sb-∂m¬ Hcn-°epw Pbn-°m-
\m-hm-Ø-sX∂pw Hcp A¿∞-[z-\n-bp-≠v.
Atbm≤ysb B¿°pw Pbn-°m-\m-hns√∂
k¶ev]w ChnsS A¿∞-]q¿W-X-tbmsS
km£m-XvI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\v Ncn{Xw

1186 I∂n
ln-μp-hn-iz- 5
km£n-. tImSn-°-W-°n\v `mc-
Xo-b¿ Cu hnizm-k-Øns‚ D∑n-
jn-Ømb ]p\-cp-÷o-h-\-Øn-\m-
bmWv k\ym-kn-am-cp-sSbpw
alm-flm-°-fp-sSbpw Bio¿hm-Z-
tØmsS l\p-a-Zvi-‡n-Pm-K-c-W-
Øn-\mbn a{¥-b-⁄-ß-tfmsS
Cd-ßn-Øn-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Hcp-
]s£ \nß-fnXp hmbn-°p-tºm-
tg°pw Atbm≤y FØn-
\n¬°p∂ Hcp {]Xn-k-‘n
\n¿Wm-b-I -h-gn-Øn-cn-hm-b,
AXns‚ DS-a-ÿm-h-Im-isØ
kw_-‘n-°p∂ \nb-a-hy-h-lm-c-
Øn¬ Hcp hn[n {]kvXm-h\
h∂n-´p-≠m-bn-cn-°mw. Hcp tImS-
Xn-bnepw ]cn-l-cn-°-s∏-SmØ
Cu {]iv\-sØ k¶o¿W-am-°p-
∂-Xn¬ h¿Kob Xo{h-hm-Z-i-‡n-
I-fpw, I]-S-a-tX-Xc-cm-jv{So-b-
°mcpw, atX-X-cs]mbvap-J-ß-sf-
√m-ap-≠v.
Ncn{Xw ]d-bp-∂Xv
Hcp cmjv{S-Øns‚ Ncn-{X-
sa-∂Xv B cmjv{S-Øns‚
kmwkvIm-cnI kzXz-cq-]o-I-c-W-
Øn\v \nZm-\-am-b BI-Øp-I-I-
fpsS Is≠-Ø-ep-I-fm-Wv.
CØcw kmwkvIm-cn-I-kv]-μ-\-
ßsf NnI-s™-Sp-°p-∂-Xn¬
6 ln-μp-hn-iz-
hnP-bn-°p-∂-Xn-\-\p-kr-X-am-bn-cn-
°pw "Ncn-{X-hym-Jym-\-ß-fpsS'
\oXn-h-Xv°-c-Whpw a‰pw.
F∂m¬ `mc-Xob kwkvIm-c-
Øns‚ AkvXn-XzsØ "h¿K
kw-L-¿j'ßfp-sSbpw "Zfn-X-
kv{Xo-hn-cp≤' hmZ-ß-fp-sSbpw
{]Xyb-im-kv{X-°-≈n-I-fn¬
sRcn®v hymJym-\n-°p∂ Ct∏m-
gsØ Ncn-{Xm-t\z-j-W-ß-fn¬
A]-I-Shpw Ab-Ym¿∞yhpw
am{Xta ]Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂p-≈q.
A[-n-\n-th-i-kw-kvIm-c-ßsf
sh≈-]qin ImWn-°p∂
CØcw \nc¿∞-I-]-T-\-ß-fmWv
"_m_¿ kvamc-I-hmZw'
t]mep≈ {]iv\-߃ krjvSn-
°p-∂-Xv.
Atbm-≤y-bnse {iocm-a-P-
∑-ÿm-\Øv t£{Xw thW-
sa∂ kz]v\-Øn\v hnLm-X-am- cma≥ B¿?
Ip-∂Xv "atX-X-c-Xz-hmZ'Øns‚ ""cma-s\∂ anYym-]p-cp-j-\p-
ka-Im-enI cmjv{So-b-{]-tbm-K- th≠n Ncn-{X-kvam-c-I-ß-ƒ
ß-fm-Wv. `mc-X-kw-kvIm-c- XI¿sØ-dn™v Hcp t£{Xw
sØbpw AXn-t\m-S-\p-_-‘- \n¿Ωn-°tWm?'' CØcw tNmZy-
ambn \n¬°p∂ hnizm-km-fl-I- ß-fpsS krjvSn-I¿Øm-°ƒ
k-Xy-ß-sfbpw CI-gvØn-°m-Wn- t\csØ ]d™ "]WvUn-X-
®p-sIm≠v sshcp-≤ym-fl-I-N- h¿K'ßfm-Wv. cma-s\-∂Xv `mc-
cn{Xw krjvSn-°p∂ B[p-\n-I-]- X-tN-X-\-bpsS Ahn-`m-Pymw-
WvUn-X-∑m-cmWv bYm¿∞ A]- ihpw tZiobt_m[-Øns‚
I-S-Im-cn-I-sf∂p ]d-bmw. aq¿Ø-k-¶-ev]hpw BsW∂v
Ah¿°-dn-bm-X-√, Adn-bn-s√∂v
a‰p-≈-hsc Adnbn-°p-Ib -- m-Wv.
cma-s\-∂Xv tIhew Ah-
Xm-c-]p-cp-j≥ am{X-a-√. Ncn-{X-
]p-cp-j≥Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. hmflo-In-cm-
am-b-W-sa∂ kp{]-kn-≤- Im-hy-
Ønse \mb-I≥ am{X-amWv
cma-s\∂ [mcW A]-Iz-hpw
hnI-e-hp-am-Wv. cma≥ tImk-e-
cm-P-hw-i-Ønse {]JymX cmPm-
hmb Zi-c-Y-s‚ ]p-{X-\m-sW∂v
Ncn-{Xm-t\z-j-W-ßfn¬ \mw
Is≠-Øp-∂p-≠v. kc-bq-\-Zn-°-c-
bnse Atbm-≤y-bn¬ P\n®
{iocm-a≥ P\-I-cm-P-]p-{Xn-bmb
1186 I∂n
koXsb hnhmlw Ign-°p-
∂Xpw ]n∂oSv hmflo-In-bm-{ia-
Øn¬h®v koX eh-Ip-i-∑m¿°v
P∑w \¬Ip-∂-Xpw, hmfloIn
cmas\ tI{μ-am-°n-s°m≠v
cNn® Imhyw cma-]p-{X-∑m-sc-
s°m≠v cmPy-k-Z- n¬ hmbn-∏n-
°p-∂-Xp-amb cma-N-cnXw `mc-X-
N-cn-{X-Ønse ssNX-\yh-Øm-
sbmcp KmY-bm-Wv. CXv Imhym-
fl-I-am-°n-sb-∂Xp am{X-amWv
hmfloIn sNbvX-Xv. BXy-¥n-I-
ambn cma≥ hmflo-In-bpsS ka-
Im-eo-\-\mb Hcp Ncn-{X-]p-cp-j-
\m-Wv. `c-W-X-{¥-⁄-X-bp-
sSbpw [¿Ω-\o-Xn-bp-sSbpw hgn-
I-fn-eqsS £m{X-ho-cy-Øns‚
IcpØv sXfn-bn® `c-Wm-[n-Im-
cn. cmas\ Hgn-hm°ns°m≠p≈
`mc-X-N-cn-{X-Øn-\v, AXp-sIm-
≠pXs∂ bmsXmcp {]k-‡n-bp-
ap-≠m-Ip-∂n-√.
{_“-]p-cm-Ww, hnjvWp-]p-
cm-Ww, tZho-`m-K-h-Xw, {ioa-Zv`m-
K-h-Xw, alm-`m-cXw F∂n-h-bn-
sems° cma-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ hnh-
c-߃ IrXy-ambpw hy‡-ambpw
ImWm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. IqSmsX,
Imfn-Zm-k-hn-c-Nn-X-amb cLp-hw-
i-a-lm-Im-hy-Ønse 61 apX¬ 63
hsc-bp≈ t«mI-߃ cma-
s\bpw hwi-sØbpw Ipdn-®p≈
Ncn-{X-]-c-amb hnh-c-ß-fm-Wv.
{ioaZv `K-h-XvKo-X-bnse 4˛mw
A≤ym-bØnse 7,8 t«mI-߃,
{io BNm-cy-_-e-tZhv D]m-≤ym-
b-bpsS (hm-c-Wmkn kw]q¿Æm-
\μ kwkvIrX bqWn-th-gvkn‰n
ap≥ dnk¿®v Ub-d-IvS¿) Kth-
j-W-{]-_-‘-Øn¬ cmas‚
Imew _n.-kn. aq∂mw \q‰m-
≠n\v apºm-sW∂p ]™n-´p-≠v.
knJv Ncn-{X-Ønse al-Xvhy-
‡n-bm-bn-cp∂ Kpcp-\m-\m-°ns‚
PohNcn-{X-Øn¬ Kpcp-\m-\m°pw
injy≥ a¿Zm\bpw Atbm-≤y-
bn-se-Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xmbn hy‡-am-
1186 I∂n
ln-μp-hn-iz-
anI® I®-h-S-tI-{μ-am-bn-cp∂p
Atbm-≤y-sb-∂v
5˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬
ChnSw kμ¿in®
^mln-bm\pw lpb≥kmßpw
Xß-fpsS
bm{Xm-hn-h-c-W-ß-fn¬
]d-™n-´p-≠v.
°-p-∂p-≠v. CXn¬\n-s∂ms°
cma≥ h¿j-߃°v apºv `mc-X-
Øn¬ Pohn-®n-cp∂ Hcp
alXv]pcp-j-\m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v
hy‡-am-Wv.
cma≥ P\n® Atbm-≤y-
bn¬ at\m-l-c-amb t£{Xw
\ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂p-sh-∂-Xn\v hy‡-
amb sXfn-hp-Iƒ ]n¬°m-eØv
I≠p-In-´n-bn-´p-≠v. cma-t£-{X-
Øn\v aosX-bmWv _m_¿
Xs‚ A[n-\n-th-i-kvam-cIw
]Sp-Øp-b¿Øn-bn-´p≈-sX∂-
Xn\pw hy‡hpw B[nIm-cn-I-hp-
amb sXfn-hp-I-fp-≠v. Archaeo-
logical report of 1862-63, 64-65 -
1871-˛¬ Atbm-≤y-sb-°p-dn-
®p≈ hy‡-amb kqN-\-bp-≠v.
GtXm Hcp a\p ÿm]n-®-sX∂v
Icp-Xs∏-Sp∂ Atbm≤y hf-sc-
°mew {]Xm]w ]pe¿Øn-bn-cp-
∂p. F∂m¬ ]n∂o-Sn-hnSw
Bcmepw {i≤n-°-s∏-SmØ Ah-
ÿ-bn-em-bn. hn{I-am-Zn-Xy-cm-Pm-
hmWv ChnsS Hcp cma-t£-{Xw
\n¿Ωn-®-Xv. ]n∂o-SnXv Kp]vX-cm-
Pm-°-∑m-cpsS A[o-\-X-bn-em-bn.
anI® I®-h-S-tI-{μ-am-bn-cp∂p
Atbm-≤y-sb-∂v 5˛mw \q‰m-
≠n¬ ChnSw kμ¿in® ^mln-
bm\pw lpb≥kmßpw Xß-
fpsS bm{Xm-hn-h-c-W-ß-fn¬ ]d-
™n-´p-≠v.
The imperial Gazateer of
India- W.W. Hunter, C.IE, LLD,
Director General of statistics - to
the Government of India Vol - I -
1881 ˛¬ cmas‚ P∑-ÿm-\-amb
"cmwt°m´n'¬ _m_¿ kμ¿in-
®p-sh∂pw Ahn-sS-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂
t£{Xw \in-∏n-®p-sh∂pw ]d-
bp-∂p-≠v. Archaeological survey
of India - The monumental
Anitiqites and inscriptions in the
north western provincess and
Oudh - 1891 - Further-Phd
CXnepw Atbm-≤y-sb-°p-dn®pw
Chn-sS-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂ -{iocm-a-
t£-{X-sØ-°p-dn®pw ]d-bp-∂p-
≠v. IqSmsX ]n¬°m-eØv
_m_-dn-s°-´n-S-Øn¬\n∂pw
A∂sØ cma-t£-{X-Øns‚
Ah-in-jvS-߃ Is≠-Øn-b-
Xmbpw ]d-bp-∂p-≠v.
hf-sc-tbsd {i≤m¿l-amb
H∂mWv Faizabad Gazateer
being Vol - XL III of the District
7

Gazateers of the united prov-
inces - H.R. - Nevill, I.C.S.
Allahabad. Hcp sF.-kn.-F-kv.
Hm^o-k-¿ XnI®pw kzX-{¥-
ambn Xøm-dm-°nb H∂m-Wn-Xv.
t]¿jy≥ `mjbn¬ AKm-[-
amb ]mWvUn-Xy-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂
s\hn¬ ss^km-_mZv IΩo-j-
W-dm-bn-cp-∂p. tImkecmP-hw-i-
Øns‚ Xe-ÿm-\-amb
Atbm≤y {InkvXp-hns‚ P\-\-
ÿ-e-amb _Xvetlw t]mse
{]kn-≤-am-bn-cp-s∂∂v At±lw
]d-bp-∂p. Atbm-≤y-bn¬
ssP\-Xo¿∞m-¶-c-∑m¿ Pohn-®n-
cp-∂-Xmbpw At±lw Is≠-
Øp-∂p-≠v. ]n∂oSv Atbm≤y
Kp]vX-cm-Pm-°-∑m-cpsS Iogn¬
8 ln-μp-hn-iz-
i‡-am-sbmcp I®-h-S-tI-{μhpw
B≤ym-flnItI{μ-hp-
ambnØo¿∂p. 9˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬
]e A[-n-\n-th-i-cm-Pm-°-∑m-cp-
sSbpw Iogn¬ XI¿∂v Xcn-∏-W-
am-bn. _m_dpw AXn-\p-tijw
Hudw-K-tk_pw Xß-fpsS
B{I-a-W-hocyw {]tbm-Kn-°p-
hm≥ Atbm≤ysb sXc-s™-Sp-
Øp. F.-Un. 1528 ¬ _m_¿
Xs‚ kvamcIw \n¿Ωn-®-t∏mƒ
AhnsS \ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂- t£{X-
Øns‚ AtX kma-{Kn-Iƒ D]-
tbm-Kn-®p (CXv At±-l-Øn\p
kw`-hn-®- hen-sbmcp hnUvVn-
Ø-ambn Ct∏mƒ _m_-dn-hm-Z-
°m¿ Icp-Xp-∂p-≠m-I-Ww). 1885
¬ auehn Aao¿ Ben-bpsS
11-˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬
hn{I-am-Zn-Xy-cm-Pmhv ChnsS
at\m-l-c-amb Hcp t£{Xw
\n¿Ωn-®n-cp-∂p.
B{I-a-W-Øn¬ kao-]Ø -- p-≠m-
bn-cp∂ l\p-am≥ Km¿lsb∂
t£{Xhpw ]nSn-s®-Sp-Øp. 1885¬
lnμp-°ƒ i‡-amb Hcm-{I-a-
W-Øn-eqsS ChnSw Xncn-s®-Sp-
°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. 1949 apX¬
ChnsS cma-hn-{Klw {]Xn-jvTn-
°p-Ibpw Bcm-[\ \S-Øn-Øp-S-
ßp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
1975 \pw 80\pw CS-bn¬
Atbm≤y hn]p-e-am-sbmcp Kth-
jW{]-h¿Ø-\-߃°v
km£yw hln-®p. _m_dn
kvamc-I-Øns‚ ]pdwNpa-cp-
Iƒ°v 5 ao‰¿ AI-se-bmWv
CXn\v Xnc-s™-Sp-Ø-Xv.
B¿°n-tbm-f-Pn-°¬ k¿tΔ
Hm^v C¥ybpsS ap≥ Ub-d-IvS-
dm-bn-cp∂ _n.-_n. em¬ Bbn-
cp∂p Kth-j-W-Øn\v t\XrXzw
hln-®-Xv. cmam-bWw B¿°n-
tbm-f-Pn-°¬ s{]mP-IvSn-eqsS
{it≤-b\mb Ct±-l-Øns‚
Atbm-≤ysb-°p-dn-®p≈
dnt∏m¿´v 1980 Unkw-_¿ 2\v
"C¥y≥ FIvkv{] v'¬ {]kn-
≤o-I-cn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. 11-˛mw
\q‰m-≠nte-sX∂v Icp-X-s∏-Sp∂
t£{Xm-Sn-Ø-d-bpsS Ah-in-jvS-
߃ Is≠-Øn-b-Xmbn
At±lw Xs‚ dnt∏m¿´n¬ ]d-
bp-∂p. kvamc-I-Øn\-I-Øp-
≠mbncp∂ in-em-en-Jn-X-ß-fpsS
hymJym-\-Øn¬\n∂pw CXns‚
\n¿Ωm-W-h¿jw F{X-bm-
sW∂pw sXfn-bn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v.
A.D. 934 ¬ \n¿Ωm-W-am-cw-`n®v
A.D. 935 ¬ BWv ]q¿Øo-I-cn-
®-sX∂v Cu enJn-X-ß-
fn¬\n∂pw a\- n-em-°mw.
AXm-bXv 1527 ˛ 1528 \pw CS-bn-
emWv _m_-dns‚ Ip{]-kn-≤-
amb Cu B{I-a-W-ku[w \ne-
hn¬h-∂-Xv. AXn-\p-sa-{Xtbm
apºv 11-˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬ hn{I-am-Zn-
Xy-cm-Pmhv ChnsS at\m-l-c-amb
Hcp t£{Xw \n¿Ωn-®n-cp-∂p.
1186 I∂n
CXns‚ sXfn-hp-Iƒ C∂pw
B¿°n-tbm-f-Pn-°¬ hIp-∏n¬
"hn[nbpw' ImØv InS-°p-∂p.
kzmX-{¥y-Øn-\p-apºv {_n´o-jp-
Im¿ \S-Øn-bXpw C¥y-°m¿
kzmX-{¥y-Øn-\v tijw \S-Øn-
b-Xp-amb Kth-j-W-{]-h¿Ø-\-
ß-fn¬ _m_-dn-a-kvPn-sZ∂
_m_¿ kvamcIw Hcp A[n-\n-
th-i-kvam-cIw am{X-am-bn-cp-∂p-
sh-∂v Nq≠n-°m-´-s∏-´n-´p-≠v.
Cu hkvXp-\n-jvT-am-bXpw
imkv{Xo-b-am-b-Xp-amb Cu \nK-
a-\-߃s°Xnsc Hcp `mK-Øp-
\n∂pw CXp-hsc {]Xn-I-c-W-
߃ D≠m-bn-´n-s√-∂-XmWv
Gsd IuXp-I-I-cw. F∂m¬
`mc-Xob ss]XrIw temI-Ønse at‰-sXmcp
P\-X-Xnbv°pw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-hm-\m-hm-Ø{X
]g-°-ap-≈Xpw imkv{Xo-b-hp-am-Wv.
B kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ tijn-∏p-I-fmWv
Atbm-≤y, Imin, aYpc apX-emb
Bflo-b-tI-{μ-ß-fn¬ {]Xn-_nw-_n-°p-∂-Xv.

cmjv{So-bamb apX-se-Sp-∏p- t^mt´m-{Km-^-dp-am-bn-cp∂

Iƒ°v th≠n Dugw ImØp-
\n¬°p∂ \yq\-]-£-t{]-an-I-
fpsS Ah-k-c-hm-Z]-chpw tZio-
b-Xm-hn-cp-≤hp-amb sNbvXn-I-
fmWv C∂o {]iv\-sØ
k¶o¿Æ-am-°n-b-Xv.
{]i-kvX-km-ln-Xy-Im-c\pw
t\m_¬ kΩm-\-tP-Xm-hp-amb
hn.-F-kv. \mbv]mƒ `mc-X-sØ-
°p-dn-s®-gp-Xnb teJ-\-Øn¬
]d-bp∂p: "Atbm-≤y-bn¬
_m_dn ]≈n s]mfn-®Xv Ncn-
{X-]-c-amb \oXn-bm-sW∂v
Rm≥ Icp-Xp-∂p. Cu ÿeØv
_m_¿ ]≈n ]Wn-XXpXs∂
as‰mcp aXhn-`m-KsØ \nμn-°m-
\m-bn-cp-∂p. _m_¿°v
C¥ytbmSp bmsXmcphn[
kvt\lhpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n√'
{^©p ]{X-{]-h¿ØI\pw
{^mt¶m-tKm-Øn-tb `mc-X-sØ-
°p-dn-®p≈ Xs‚ Ncn-{X-{K-Ÿ-
amb "Rewriting Indian History'
bn¬ FgpXn: ""lnμp C¥y-
bpsS taep-≠m-bn-cp∂ apK-f-
cpsS kmwkvIm-cn-Im--[n-\n-thiw
XI¿°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw \q‰m-≠p-I-
fm-bp≈ lnμp-hns‚ ASn-aXzw
]n®n-®o-¥-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.
X߃°pw t]mcmSn Pbn-°m-
sa∂v lnμp-°ƒ sXfn-bn-®n-cn-
°p-I-bmWv''.
`mc-Xob ss]XrIw temI-
Ønse at‰-sXmcp P\-X-
Xnbv°pw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-hm-\m-
hm-Ø{X ]g-°-ap-≈Xpw
imkv{Xo-b-hp-am-Wv. B
kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ tijn-∏p-I-
fmWv Atbm-≤y, Imin, aYpc
apX-emb Bflo-b-tI-{μ-ß-fn¬

1186 I∂n
ln-μp-hn-iz- 9

{]Xn-_nw-_n-°p-∂-Xv. Ch-bpsS
XI¿® `mc-X-Øns‚ XI¿®
Xs∂-bm-Wv. AXn-\m-em-Wt√m
HudwKtk-_n-s‚bpw _m_-dn-
s‚-bpw ]S-bm-fn-Iƒ Cu
t£{X-ß-fpsS t\¿°v Xß-
fpsS ]cm-{I-a-hocyw Agn-®p-hn-´-
Xv. CsXmcp ss]XrIw XpSn-
°p∂ tZiobkvamc-I-am-sW∂v
Ah¿°v hy‡-am-b-dn-bm-am-bn-cp-
∂p. kzmX-{¥y-Øn\v tijw
Ac-\q-‰m-≠n-e-[nIw h¿j-߃
]n∂n-´n´pw \mw Hcp hos≠-Sp-∏n-
eqsS Cu kmwkvIm-cnI ku[-
ßsf kwc-£n-°p-hm≥ {ian-®n-
s√-∂X,v `c-W-]-c-amb kzmX-
{¥yhpw P\m-[n-]-Xy-]-c-amb
Ah-Imi-ß-fp-ap≈ Hcp cmjv{S-
sØ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw
A]-am-\-I-c-am-Wv. C\n ImØp-
\n¬°p-∂Xv `ocp-Xz-am-Wv.
temI-P-\-Xbv°v apºn¬ al-
Ømb cma-a-μn-c-sa∂ tZio-b-
10
kvam-cIw Db¿Øp-hm-\p≈ ka-
b-am-bn. AXv \ΩpsS Ime-L-
´Øns‚ Ncn-{X-]-chpw tZio-b-
hp-amb Bh-iy-am-Wv.
t£{X-]q¿Øo-Ic- W
- Ø
- n-
te-°p≈ hgn-Iƒ
1949 Unkw-_-dn¬ Atbm-
≤y Dƒs∏-Sp∂ ss^k-Zm-_mZv
Pn√-bpsS If-IvS-dm-bn-cp∂ sI.-
sI. \mb¿ ÿew kμ¿in®v
t£{X-Øn¬ Hcp ]qPm-cnsb
\nb-an-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. `‡¿
shfn-bn¬\n∂v Z¿i\w \S-Øp-
I-bmWv ]Xn-hv. 1992 Unkw-_¿
6 hsc Cu coXn XpS¿∂p-
t]m∂p. ]q´nbn´ t£{Xw Xpd-
°-W-sa-∂m-h-iy-s∏´v 1984
G{]n¬ 8\v U¬ln hn⁄m-\-`-
h-\n¬ Hcp-kwLw k\ym-kn-am¿
\nth-Z\w \¬In-sb-¶n-epw aX-]-
c-amb hnj-b-ß-fn¬ CS-s]-Sm-
\m-hn-s√-∂p]-d™v Bhiyw
Xnc-kvI-cn-®p. ]n∂oSv {iocm-a-˛-
Pm-\In bm{X-bpsS ^e-ambn
i‡-amb Hcp DW¿hv Cu cwK-
Øp-≠mbn. 1986 s^{_p-hcn 1\v
ss^km-_mZv Pn√m aPn-kvt{S‰v
sI.-F-kv. ]mWvtU t£{Xw
Xpd∂psIm-Sp-°p-hm-\p≈ DØ-c-
hn-´p.
1990 sabv 24\v lcn-Zzm-dn¬
\S∂ hnime lnμpktΩ-f-\-
Øn¬h®v t£{X-\n¿Ωm-W-Øn-
\p≈ I¿tkh \S-°p-sa∂v
k\ym-kn-am¿ {]Jym-]n-®p.
CXns‚ `mK-ambn 1999 HIvtSm-
_¿ 3˛\v cma-`-‡¿ AXn-km-l-
kn-I-ambn aIp-S-Øn\v apI-fn¬
Ibdn [zPw Db¿Øn. AXn-`-b-
¶-c-amb \c-th´ \S-Øn-bmWv
t]meokv I¿tk-h-I¿s°-Xnsc
{]Xn-I-cn-®Xv.
1992 Pqsse 9\v 60 Znh-k-
tØ-°mbn k¿h-tZ-hm-\p-
jvTm\w \S-∂p. CtXm-S-\p-_-
‘n®v t£{X-\n¿Ωm-W-Øn-
\p≈ {]mcw-`-in-em-ÿm-]\w \S-
∂p. XpS¿∂v A∂sØ {][m-\-
a-{¥n \c-knw-l-dm-hp-hns‚
A`y¿∞-\-sb-Xp-S¿∂v CXv
\n¿Øn-sh-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
1992 HIvtSm-_¿ 30\v [¿Ω-
kw-k-Zn-t\m-S-\p-_-‘n®v U¬ln-
bn¬ Hcp-an®ptN¿∂ k\ym-kn-
am¿ Unkw-_¿ 6\v ho≠p-samcp
I¿tk-h°v Blzm\w sNbvXp.
AX-\p-k-cn®v I¿-tkh \S-°p-
Ibpw tIhew 37 aWn-°q-dn-\p-
≈n¬ Hcp Xm¬°m-enI
t£{Xw \n¿Ωn-°p-Ibpw
sNbvXp.
1993 P\p-hcn 7\v P∑
ÿm\-Øns‚ 67 G°¿ `qan
tI{μk¿°m¿ ]nSn-s®-Sp-Øp.
CtXmsS Ahn-SsØ Z¿i-\-ku-
Icyw ]cn-an-X-s∏-Sp-Ibpw
sNbvXp. X¿°aμncw
XI¿°s∏-´Xn-\p-tijw 1993¬
143-˛mw hIp∏v {]Imcw cmjv{S-
]Xn Hcp tNmZy-ap-∂-bn-®p. 1528
\v apºv ChnsS Hcp lnμp-
t£{Xw D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xm-bn
sXfn-hpt≠m F∂m-bn-cp∂p
tNmZyw. XpS¿∂v kp{]o-tIm-S-Xn-
bpsS \n¿t±-isØ XpS¿∂v
]pcm-hkvXp hnZ-Kv≤¿ J\\w
\SØn sXfn-hp-Iƒ tiJ-cn-°p-
I-bp-≠mbn. t£{Xw D≠m-bn-cp-
∂p-sh∂v ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xm-bn-
cp∂p sXfn-hp-I-sf-√mw.
CsX√mw tImSXnbn¬ lmP-cm-
°nbn-´p-≠p-Xm-\pw.
l\p-aZv Pm{KXv A\p-jvTm-
\-Øn-eqsS i‡-am-sbmcp A\p-
Iq-em-¥-co£w DS-se-Sp-°p-Ibpw
tkma-\m-Yt-- £-{X-\n¿Ωm-W-
Øn\v ]m¿e-sa‚n¬
\nba\n¿ΩmWw \S-Øn-b-Xp-
t]mse Atbm-≤y-°p-th≠n
\nb-a-\n¿ΩmWw D≠m-hpIbpw
sNøp-sa-∂pamWv lnμp-kw-L-S-
\-Iƒ {]Xo-£n-°p-∂-Xv.
1186 I∂n
ln-μp-hn-iz-
 am[-hZ- mkv

\ΩpsS B¿j-`q-an-bnse lnam-ebw AS-°-ap≈

tZh-ÿm-\-ß-sf-√mw-Xs∂ Imem-hÿmhyXn-bm\w
hcp-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ Zqc-hym-]-I-amb
{]Xym-Lm-X-߃ aqew `oj-Wn-bn-em-bn-°-gn-™p.

thZ- a - { ¥- ß - f nse ≠v. P\-]-Z-ß-tfm-sSm∏w tLmc-h- \- t i- j nbpw hnti- j - _ p- ≤ nbpw

{]IrXnssNX-\y-amWv k\m-X-\-
[¿Ω-Øns‚ ÿmbo-`m-hw. "b{X-
hn-izw- `-h-tXy-I-\oUw' (temIw
Hcp IqSm-Wv) F∂-mWv sshZn-I-
ho-£-Ww. Ejn-bpsS {]]©w
k\m-X-\-Im-hy-am-Wv. kwln-X-I-
fn¬ am{X-a-√, {_m“-W-ß-fnepw
Bc-Wy-I-ßfnepw D]-\n-j-Øp-I-
fnepw Cu ho£Ww XpS-cp-∂p-
≠v. {]Ir-Xn-bpsS kuayhpw cu{Z-
hp-amb ]I¿∂m-´-ß-fpsS sshhn-
≤yhpw sshcp-≤yhpw Ah-bn-ep-
\-ßfpw h\-hm-k-ßfpw CXn-lm-
k-ß-fnepw ]pcm-W-ß-fnepw IS-
∂p-h-cp-∂p-. k\m-X-\n-bpsS Pohn-
X-˛-{]-]-©-ho-£W߃ A`n-∂-
am- W v . ImcWw {]Ir- X n- b psS
`mKw am{X-amb Pohn-h¿K-ß-fn¬
h®v kmh-[m\w ]cn-Wan-®p-sIm-
≠n-cn-°p∂ h¿KamWv a\p-jy≥
F∂ Adnhv \ΩpsS ]q¿hn-Ic - mb
Ejn-am¿°p-≠m-bn-cp∂p. akvXn-
jvI-Øns‚ hf¿®-bnse {]tXy-
I-X-Iƒ aqew a\p-jy\v hnth-N-
ssIh-∂p. Ime-KXn-bn¬ a\p-jy-
h¿Kw cq]m-¥-c-ß-fn-eqsS IS-∂p-
t]m-bn. \mbm-´p-Im-c-\mb a\p-
jy≥ Nn{X-Im-c\pw \¿Ø-I\pw
Kmb- I - \ p- a m- b n. IpSpw- _ hpw
tKm{Xhpw kap-Zm-bhpw \mK-cn-I-
Xbpw cmjv{Shpw cq]w-sIm-≠p.
Xs∂ am‰p-∂-Xn-s\m∏w X\n°v
Np‰p- a p≈ {]Ir- X n- b nepw
Adn™pw Adn- b m- s Xbpw
At\Iw am‰ßƒ a\p-jy≥ hcp-
Øn-Øo¿Øp. Ct∏m-gsØ Ime-

1186 I∂n
ln-μp-hn-iz- 11
L-´-am-b-t∏m-tg°pw {]Ir-Xn-bpsS `mKw am{XamWv
Xms\∂ ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬\n∂v X\n°v th≠n-bmWv
{]Ir-Xn-sb∂ Al-¥-bn-te°v a\p-jy≥ A[x-]-Xn-
°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. {]Ir-Xn-bpsS {]m[m\yw Xncn-
®-dn-™XpsIm-≠mWv thZ-ß-fn¬ `qan-kq-‡-ap-≠m-
b-Xv. \ΩpsS B¿j-`q-an-bnse lnam-ebw AS-°a - p≈
tZh-ÿm-\-ß-sf-√mw-
Xs∂ Imem- h ÿm
hyXn-bm\w hcp-Øn-
s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ Zqc-
hym-]-I-amb {]Xym-
Lm- X - ß ƒ aqew
`oj-Wn-bn-em-bn-°-gn-
™p.
]ucm-Wn-I-
amb Bc-Wy-kw-
kvIm-c-Øns‚ tIc-
fo-bm-hn-jvIm-c-amWv
Imhp-Iƒ. thZm-c-
Wy-߃. CX-c-kw-
ÿm-\-ß-fn¬ \ne-
\n¬°p-∂-
Xnt\°mƒ tNtXm-
l-c-ambn Imhp-Isf tIc-fo-b-`q-{]-IrXn AWn-bn-
s®m-cp-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ae-bm-fn-bpsS IpSpw-_-]-c-tZ-
hX-I-fmb \mK-߃ Xd-hm-Sp-I-tfmSv tN¿∂p≈
hnip≤ h\m-h-in-jvS-ß-fmb Imhp-I-fn¬ IpSn-sIm-
≈p-∂p. apJy-ambpw \mK-ß-fm-sW-¶nepw Nne-bn-S-
ß-fn¬ `K-h-Xnbpw apØ-∏\pw imkvXm-hpw a‰p-
amWv {]Xn-jvT-Iƒ. BZy-Im-eØv tIc-f-Øn-¬
\mKm-cm-[-\-°m-bn-cp∂p {]m[m-\yw-. ImSn-t\m-Sp≈
Krlm-Xp-cXzw IqSn-bm-bn-cn°mw Imhp-Iƒ. th\-
enepw Ipfn¿Ω ]I-cp∂ kky-e-Xm-Zn-Ifpw sNdp-
Po-hn-Ifpw CS-I-e¿∂p Pohn-°p∂ ImhpIsf
{]IrXnkwc-£-W-Øn-\m-bn- A∂sØ I¿j-I≥
\ne-\n¿Øn-b-Xm-Wv. hnizm-k-Øns‚ ]n≥_-e-
Øn¬ Xe-ap-d-Iƒ IÆnse IrjvW-a-Wn-t]mse
`c-tZ-h-Xm-ÿm\-ßsf ]cn-]m-en-®p-t]m-∂p. Imhp-I-
fn¬ k‘ym-th-f-I-fn¬ Xncn-I-Øn-®ph®v at{¥m-
]m-k\ \S-Øn-b-h¿ D≈n-te°v ZrjvSn-]m-bn-®p-sIm-
≠n-cp-∂p ˛ Xs‚bpw {]Ir-Xn-bp-sSbpw D≈-I-ß-fn-
te-°v. At\Iw Huj-[-k-ky-ß-fpsS hf¿Øp-`q-
an-bmbn Imhp-Iƒ \ne-\n-∂p. {io\mcm-b-W-Kp-cp-
hns‚ a{¥m-fl-I-amb ""IpWvU-en-\n-∏m´v'' \mK-X-
Xz-k-∂n-th-i-am-Wv. "Bbncw tImSn-b-\-¥≥, \obm-
\\˛/ambn-chpw Xpd-∂m-Sp-]mtº!' F∂ hcn-I-f-n¬
inh-s‚bpw \mK-Øns‚bpw a\- n-s‚bpw s]mcp-
fp-≠v. Imhp-I-ƒ°pw tijw F{Xtbm \q‰m-≠p-
12
Iƒ Ign-™mWv t£{X-߃ Db¿∂p-. Imhp-Iƒ
]n∂oSv kky-hr-£m-Zn-Iƒ Ipd™v t£{X-ß-
fmbn amdnbn-´p-≠v. Xr»q-cnse ]md-ta-°mhv `K-
hXn t£{Xw CØ-c-Øn-sem-∂msW∂ ]dbmw.
F∂m¬ Imhns\ \ne-\n¿Øn-s°m-≠p-Xs∂
t£{X-߃ D≠m-bn-´p-ap-≠v. ae-∏pdw Pn√-bnse
Nß-cw-Ip-fØp≈
aq°p-Xe `K-h-Xn-
t£{Xw CØ-c-Øn-
ep-≈-Xm-Wv. a\-I-
tfmSv tN¿∂p ]c-tZ-
h-X-I-fmb \mK-
ßsf IpSn-bn-cpØn
\q‰m-≠p-Ifmbn CS-
ap-dn-bmsX aÆm-d-»m-
e-bnepw ]mºp-ta-
°m´pw ]mXn-cn-°p-
∂Øpw D]m-kn-°-
s∏-Sp-∂p. CXn\p
]pdsa tIc-f-Ønse
sslμ-h-cnse
k¿hk-ap-Zm-b-
߃°pw C{]-Imcw
Xe-ap-d-Ifmbn ssIamdn h∂ sNdpXpw hep-Xp-
amb Imhp-I-fp-≠v. tIc-f-kw-kvIm-c-Øns‚ {]`-h-
tI{μw Imhp-I-fm-Wv F∂Xv Hcp Ncn-{X-]m-T-am-Wv.
\mK-kw-kvImchpambn _‘-s∏-´mWv A\pjvTm\-
I-e-I-fmb If-sa-gpØpw ]p≈p-h-kw-Ko-Xhpw
hf¿∂p-h-∂-Xv. Xm{¥n-I-cpsS {ioN{Iw ]cm-i-‡n-
bpsS hmk-ÿm-\-am-Wv. Hcp {]tXyI ka-b-tØ-
°m-bn, \mK-߃°mbn \S-Ø-s∏-Sp∂ If-sa-gpØv
Cu k¶-ev]-Øns‚ teJym-hn-`m-K-Øn-ep≈
as‰mcp Bhn-jvIm-c-am-Wv. AjvS-\m-K-°f-- -ß-fn¬
AjvS-\m-K-ß-fpsSbpw km∂n-[y-ap-s≠-∂mWv
-hn-izmkw. ]©-h¿Æ-s∏m-Sn-I-fm¬ hc-bv°-s∏-
Sp∂ ]fl-ß-sf-t∏m-se-Xs∂ tZh-X-I-fpsS
kq£va-i-co-c-amWv If-ß-fpw. AjvS-\m-K-°fw
Gsd {i≤bpw Bbm-khpw Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂ A\p-
jvTm-\-am-Wv. KWn-Xhpw Nn{X-I-ebpw kwKo-Xhpw
tN¿∂ A\p-jvTm-\-am-Wn-Xv. ]p≈p-h≥amcpw Ipdp-
∏-∑m-cp-sam-s°-bmWv ]c-º-cm-K-X-ambn CXv
A\pjvTn®p-t]m-cp-∂-Xv. Xd-hm-Sn\pw k¥Xn]c-º-
c-Iƒ°pw k¿sshizcy-Øn\pw AjvS-\m-K-°fw
A\p-jvTn-°-W-sa-∂mWv Icp-X-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Iem-ho-
£-W-Øn-se-Sp-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ AjvS-\m-K-°fw
t]meps≈mcp kpμ-cte-Jy-Ie thsd-bn-√-Xm-\pw.
]p≈p-h-kw-Ko-X-Øns‚ `mhw t{imXm-°sf AXo-
X-X-e-ß-fn-te°v ssI]n-Sn-®p-b¿Øp-∂-Xm-Wv.
1186 I∂n
ln-μp-hn-iz-
k¿∏-_-en, \qdpw-]mepw ka¿∏n-°pI F∂n-ßs\
k¿∏m-cm-[-\-bp-ambn _‘-ap≈ At\Iw
A\pjvTm\-߃ thsd-bp-ap-≠v. tZi-t£-{X-ß-
fnepw kap-Zm-b-t£-{X-ß-fnepw Xd-hmSv t£{X-ß-
fnepw D]-tZ-h-X-I-fmbpw \mK-߃ {]Xn-jvTn-°-s∏-
´n-´p-≠v. Npcp-°-Øn¬ \mK-ßsf Ah-K-Wn-®p-sIm-
≠p≈ Hcp Bcm-[-\m-a-WvU-ew km[y-a-s√∂v
kmcw. Cu {]m[m\yw kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. D¿h-c-X-bp-
sSbpw kº¬k-ar-≤n-bp-sSbpw hf¿®-bp-sSbpw
{]Xo-I-amWv \mK-߃. X{¥-hn-Zym
{]Imcw aqem-[m-c-N-{I-Øn¬ \n{Z-bn-em≠pInS-
°p∂ IpWvU-en\oi‡n-bpsS {]Xo-I-amWv
k¿∏w. km[-\bneqsS aqem-[m-c-Ønse IpWvU-
en-\nsb DW¿Øn kzm[n-jvTm-\w, aWn-]q-c-Iw,-A-
\m-l-Xw, hnip-≤n, BPvR F∂o N{I-ß-sfbpw
IS-∂p-b¿∂v inc- nse kl-{km-c-]-fl-Ønse
ssih-km-∂n-≤y-Øn-te°v FØn-°p-∂-Xns‚ tIc-
fo-b-amb Bhn-jvIm-c-amWv Imhp-Iƒ. ]Sn-bmdpw
IS-°emWv Imh-dn-hv. thZ-Ønse cp{Z\pw X{¥-
Ønse inh\pw tIc-fob A\p-jvTm-\-ß-fn-te°v
F{X Ab-Xv\-e-fn-X-am-bmWv CW-ßn-t®¿∂n-cn-°p-
∂-Xv. F∂m¬ XØz-{K-l-W-Øn-\mbn kzm`m-hn-I-
1186 I∂n
ln-μp-hn-iz-
amb coXn-bn¬ X\p-am-\-kn-I-fm-bn -am-d-Ww.
hnkva-b-I-c-amb as‰mcp kwKXn Xd-hm-Sp-I-
tfmSpw hoSp-I-tfmSpw tN¿∂v Xs∂-bmWv k¿∏-
°m-hp-Iƒ D≠mbn-cp-∂-sX-¶nepw k¿∏-Zw-i-\w
A]q¿hw am{X-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ip´n-I-f-S-°-ap-≈-h¿
Ipfn®v Cud-t\msS Nn{X-Iq-S-߃°v apºn¬ Xncn-
I-Øn®v sXmg¬ Zn\-N-cy-bpsS `mK-am-bn-cp-∂p.
h¿j-Øn-sem-cn-°ep≈ hnti-jm-¬ ]qPbpw
A\p-jvTm-\-ßfpw IpSpw-_-`-{Z-Xsb CW-°n-
\n¿Øn. F{X Xnc-°p-≠m-bmepw h¿j-Øn-sem-cn-
°¬ ]c-tZ-h-X-Iƒ°v apºn-seØn bYm-i‡n
ka¿∏-W-߃ \SØpI Hc¿∞-Øn¬ A¥-
tcymKw Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p. c‡-_-‘-߃ Xncn-®-
dn-bm-\p≈ hgn-bm-bn-cp∂p CXv. hy‡n-]-c-amb
Bcm-[-\m-ÿm-\-߃ F∂-Xn\v H∏w Xs∂ Iq´m-
bva-bp-tSXmb A¥-co-£-krjvSn°v Imhp-Iƒ
Imc-W-am-bn-cp-∂p. Hmtcm Xe-ap-dbpw ASpØ
Xe-ap-dsb Imhn-te°v B\-bn-®p. "ImhpXo≠n-
bm¬ Ipfw h‰pw' F∂ A\p-`-h-kn-≤-amb
hnizmkw Imhp-Isf kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn-te°v \bn-
®p. ]mcn-ÿn-Xn-I-amb Cu {Ia-amWv AWp-Ip-Spw-
_-tI-c-f-Øn\v A\y-am-bns°m≠ncn-°p-∂-Xv.
hnZym`ymk-Ønepw kmº-Øn-I-cw-KØpw D≠mb
am‰-ß-fmWv Iq´p-Ip-Spw-_sØ Agn®p]-WnXv
AWp-Ip-Spw-_sØ \n¿Ωn-®Xv. AsXmcp A\n-hm-
cyXbm-bn-cp-∂p. Fw.-Sn. hmkp-tZ-h≥ \mb-cpsS
""\mep-sI´v'' t\mh-ens‚ Ah-km\w Nq≠n-
\n¬°p∂ Krl-\n¿Ωn-Xn-bm-WnXv. F∂m¬
hy‡n-kzm-X-{¥y-Øns‚ t]cn¬ kz¥w thcp-
Iƒ kzbw Adp-Øp-am-‰p-∂Xv Hcp-Xcw Bfl-l-
Xy-X-s∂-bt√? aXwamdn-bn´pw a\w amdm™
am[hn°p´n-sb-bmWv Hm¿Ω hcp-∂-Xv. ]p∂-
bq¿Ip-fsØ \me-∏m-´v Xd-hmSpw k¿∏-°mhpw
Ipf-hp-am-bn-cp∂p Ah-cpsS _mey-kva-c-W-I-fpsS
X´-Iw. ""\o¿am-Xfw ]qØ-Imew'' A°m-e-
Øns‚ A\p-`-h-tc-J-bm-Wv. ""Jkm-°ns‚ CXn-
lmk''sØ F{]-Im-camWv {ioa-Zv `m-K-h-X-
Ønse k¿∏-cq-]-Øn-ep≈ hnjvWp F∂
k¶ev]w kzm[o-\n-®Xv F∂v H.-hn. hnP-b\pw
tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. a\x-im-kv{X-]-c-ambn
t\m°n-bm¬ k¿∏-sa-∂Xv kmaq-lnI At_m-[-
Ønse _nw_-I¬]-\-bm-Wv. kn‹≠v
t{^mbnUns‚ hni-I-e-\-Øn-¬ k¿∏w Ima-\-I-
fpsS {]Xo-I-am-Wv. CØ-c-Øn¬ ]e tImWp-I-
fn¬ \n∂p≈ ImgvN-Isf t\csØ kqNn-∏n®
X{¥-im-kv{X-Øns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬ tIm¿sØ-Sp-
°m≥ km[n-°p-w. k¿∏w F∂Xv Xs∂ Xm{¥n-I-
{]-Xo-I-am-Wv, Imhv km[-\m-e-b-hpw.
13
 F∂m¬ C∂sØ tIc-f-Øns‚ Ah-ÿ-sb-
¥mWv? Imcy-߃ A]-I-S-I-c-amb ÿnXn-bn-em-
bn-°-gn-™n-cn-°p∂p! tIc-f-Øn-en∂v IW-°p-Iƒ
{]Imcw Hcp sk‚ v apX¬ Ccp-]Xv slIvS¿ hsc
hnkvXm-c-ap≈ GI-tZiw Bbn-cØn A™q-
tdmfw Imhp-Itf Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂p-≈q. Ch-bpsS
samØw hnkvXrXn Ccp-∂q‰n \m¬∏-Øn-sbm∂v
slIvS¿ am{X-amWv! tIc-f-Øns‚ BsI hnkvXr-
Xn-bmb 38,85,497 slIvS-dn¬ BsI 241 slIvS¿
`qan am{X-amWv Imhp-I-fmbn tijn-°p-∂Xv! h\-
`q-an-bpsS hnkvXo¿Æw 10,81,509 slIvS-dmbn IW-
°m-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. CXv am{X-amWv `qanae-bm-f-
Øns‚ C∂sØ {]IrXnkº-Øv. \Ωƒ AXn-
thKw Fhn-tS-°mWv ]ptcm-K-an-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-
sX-∂-dn-bm≥ CØcw IW-°p-Iƒ CS°v Hs∂-
SpØv ]cn-tim-[n®p t\m°p-∂Xv \∂m-bn-cn-°pw.
tIc-f-Øn-en∂v IW-°p-Iƒ {]Imcw
Hcp sk‚v apX¬ Ccp-]Xv slIvS¿ hsc
hnkvXm-c-ap≈ GI-tZiw
Bbn-cØn A™q-tdmfw Imhp-Itf
Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂p-≈q.
Ch-bpsS samØw hnkvXrXn
Ccp-∂q‰n \m¬∏-Øn-sbm∂v
slIvS¿ am{X-amWv!
C{X-b-[nIw ImSp-Ifpw Imhp-Ifpw \in-∏n-°-s∏-
´m¬ ]ns∂-sb-ß-s\-bmWv Imem-h-ÿ- amdm-Xn-cn-
°p-I? BtKmfXm]-\-sa-∂Xv \Ωp-sS I¿Ω-^ew
Xs∂-bm-Wv. Cu \ne°v {]IrXn kwc-£-W-sØ-
°qSn IW-°n-se-Sp-Øp-sIm-≠p≈ kpÿnchnI-
k-\-\-b-an-√msX t]mbm¬ k¿h-\m-i-amWv ^e-
sa∂v imkv{X-⁄¿ ap∂-dn-bn∏v \¬In-°-g-™n-cn-
°p-∂p. Pe-˛-hmbp aen-\o-I-c-WsØ B[p-\n-I-
km-t¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bpsS klm-b-Øm¬ ]c-am-h[n
Ipd-bv°p-Ibpw \K-c-ß-fn¬ sI´nSkap-®b-
߃°pw hgn-tbm-c-߃°pw kao-]-ap≈ CS-ß-
fn¬ sNdnb hr£-߃ \´p-]n-Sn-∏n-°p-Ibpw
sNøpI F∂-Xn-s\m∏w Xs∂ Ah-ti-jn-°p∂
ImSp-I-sfbpw Imhp-I-sfbpw F¥p hne-sIm-
SpØpw kwc-£n-°p-Ibpw thWw. hnI-k\w
14
ths≠∂v hbv°m-\m-In-√, ]s£ {]Ir-Xn-bpsS
k¥p-e-\-sØ-bmsI XInSwadn-°p∂Xv hnI-k-\-a-
√, \io-I-c-W-am-Wv. Xcn-in´ Irjn\ne-߃ \nI-
Øp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ samØw hnkvXrXn-bpsS Hcp
\n›nX iX-am-\-sa-¶nepw ac-߃°v th≠n am‰n
shbv°m≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-am-°p∂ coXn-bn-ep≈
\nb-a-\n¿ΩmWw A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. henb sX‰n-
\p≈ sNdn-sbmcp {]mb-›n-Ø-ambn dnb¬
FtÉv `oa≥am¿ CXns\ _me≥kvjo‰n¬ hc-
hp-h-®m¬ aXn-bm-Ipw. Cs√-¶n¬ {]Ir-Xn-bpsS
_me≥kvjo‰n¬ CXnepw henb \jvSw kln-
t°-≠n-hcpw.
ImSns‚ an\n-tb-®¿ cq]-amb Imhp-Isf
Bhm-ln®v am‰m≥ {ian-®-h-cpw, {ian-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-
°p-∂-hcpw hnkva-cn-°m≥ {ian-°p-∂Xv kz¥w
]mc-º-cy-Øns‚ \∑-I-sf-bm-Wv. kky-im-kv{X-
Øns‚ Xe-Øn-se-¶nepw hkvXp-X-Isf {Kln-°-
W-am-bn-cp-∂p. am{X-a-√, \Ωp-sS-sbms° P\n-X-I-
Øn¬ Bg-Øn¬ ]Xn-™p-In-S-°p-∂-XmWv \mK-
k-¶-ev]hpw A\p-_-‘-{In-b-I-fpw. PmXn-t`-Z-
sat\y sslμ-h-`-h-\-ß-fn¬ \mKm-cm-[\mss]Xr-
I-ap-≠v. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ ImhpIfnse A\p-
jvTm-\-ßsf XS- -s∏-Sp-Ømt\m, Imhp-Isf
]q¿Æ-amtbm `mKn-I-amtbm \in-∏n-®mtem {]Ir-Xn-
bpsS kzm`m-hnI {]Xn-{]-h¿Ø\w \n›-b-am-Wv.
k¿∏-tIm-]-sa∂ k¶ev]-an-Xm-Imw. Hcp kº∂
]mcn-ÿn-XnIss]Xr-IsØ hne-h-bv°msX
kzm¿∞-X-°mbn [q¿Ø-Sn®p \in-∏n® apSn-b≥am-
cmb ]p{Xo-]p-{X-∑m¿°v ta¬ h-∂p]Xn-°p∂
{]Ir-Xn-bpsS tIm]-am-Wn-Xv. ssZhm-[o-\-Øns‚
A`m-hw. sslμ-h-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ Xs∂-bmWv
ssIh-i-`q-an-bnse Imhp-Isf sh´n\in-∏n®v
dnb¬ FtÉv {]Xm-]n-I-fmbn thj-∏-I¿® \S-
Øn-bXv F∂-XmWv hkvXp-X. F∂m¬ CXn-s\-
Øp-S¿∂v hy‡n-Po-hn-X-Øn-ep-≠mb A\¿∞-
߃°v Ct∏mgpw AdpXnh∂n-´pt≠m? DZm-ko-\-X-
aqew A\ym-[o-\-s∏-´p-t]mb Imhp-I-fp-ap-≠v.
F∂m¬ hnNn-{X-amb kwKXn CØcw `qan-
ssIhiw h®-h-scms° PmXn aX h¿K t`Z-
sat\y sISp-Xn-I-fn-emWv s]´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv.
t£{X-߃°pw tPym’y-∑m-cpsS apºnepw XSn-
®p-Iq-Sp-∂-h-cn¬ hen-sbmcp iX-am\w CØ-c-°m-
cm-sW∂v a\- n-em-°m-\m-Ipw.
`‡n-tbm-K-Øn¬ Cuiz-c-{]-kmZw Hcm-fpsS
`‡n-tbm-Sp≈ {]Xn-kv]-μ-\-am-bmWv hnh-cn-°-s∏-
Sp-∂-Xv. Htc kap-{ZsØ ]e t]cn´v kuI-cy-Øn-
\m-bn hnfn-°p-∂-Xn\v ka-amWv hyXy-kvX-sa∂v
1186 I∂n
ln-μp-hn-iz-

]pd-ta°v tXm∂p∂ tZhXmk¶-ev]-ß-sf-∂pw,
D]m-k-\°v Cu P∑-Øn-e-s√-¶n¬ hcpw P∑-ß-
fn¬ ^ekn≤n-bp-≠mIpw F∂p-amWv k\m-X-\-
[¿Ωm-\p-im-k\w. At∏mƒ \mtKm-]m-k-\m-tI-{μ-
ß-fmb {]mNo-\-amb Imhp-Isf \in-∏n-®m¬
AXns‚ I¿Ω-^ew hy‡n-bpsS P∑m-¥-c-ß-fn-
te°pw IpSpw-_-Ønse CXchy‡n-I-fn-te°pw
Xe-ap-d-I-fn-te°pw ssIam-dn-t∏m-tb-°mw. hgn-]m-Sp-
Iƒ sIm≠p-am-{Xw AjvS-\m-Kß-sfbpw \mK-b-
£n-sbbpw {]oWn-∏n-°m-\m-hptam? \ΩpsS ]cn-an-
1186 I∂n
ln-μp-hn-iz-
X-amb em`-\-jvS-°-W-°p-I-fpsS Af-hp-tIm¬
h®v ]c-tZ-h-X-I-fpsS A`-b-˛-h-cZ i‡nsb Af-
°m-\m-hptam? Ncn-{Xm-Xo-X-Imew apX¬°p Nn”-
`m-j-bn-eqsS ssIam-dn-h∂ Bhm-k-hy-h-ÿ-Ifpw
]pcm-hr-Ø-ßfpw A\p-jvTm-\-ßfpw Adn-hp-Ifpw
Hm¿Ω-Ifpw GXv AXy-¥m-[p\n-I-s‚bpw P\n-XI
LS-\-bn¬ cqV-aq-e-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. CØcw
hnizm-k-߃ Hcn-°epw hn´p-t]m-In√ F∂-Xns‚
kqN-\-bmWv k¿∏-tIm-]sØ {]Xn-bp≈ DXvI-
WvT-Ifpw ]c°w]m®n-epw. Xmt\m Xs‚ ap≥Xe-
ap-d-bnse Adn-™-htcm Adn-bm-Ø-htcm Imhv
sh´n-\in-∏n®v \mKm-cm-[\ \n¿Øn-b-Xns‚ icn-
bmb {]mb-›nØw Ct∏mƒ D≈ ÿeØv Xs∂
Ipd-®nSw kzm`m-hn-I-am-sbmcp Imhv hf¿∂p-h-cm-
\p≈ kml-Ncyw {]m¿∞-\m-]q¿hw Hcp-°pI
F∂Xm-Wv. CXn\v Ign-bm-Ø-h¿ X߃°m-Ip∂
hn[-Øn¬ Imhp-Isf kwc-£n-°p∂ {]h¿Ø-\-
Øn¬ ]¶m-fn-Ifm-hpI. ]pXnb Imhp-Iƒ h®p-
]n-Sn-∏n-°p-∂Xpw ]gb Imhp-Isf ]cn-]m-en-°p-∂-
Xp-amWv ssZhm-[o\w h¿≤n-°m-\n-S-bm°p∂
I¿Ω-߃. I¿ΩsØ I¿ΩwsIm≠v am{Xta
Xncp-Øm-\m-Iq. ]cn-ÿn-Xnsb kwc-£n-°p-∂-hsc
]c-ssZ-h-߃ kwc-£n°pw F∂ hnizmkw
Cßs\ cq]-s∏-´-Xmhmw.
C{X-tbsd {]m[m-\y-ap≈ Imhp-Isf kwc-
£n-°p-∂Xpw hf¿Øp-∂-Xp-amWv G‰hpw henb
B[ym-flnI tkh-\-{]-h¿Ø-\w. ]c-tZ-h-X-I-fmb
\mK-ß-fpsS {]km-Z-an-s√-¶n¬ as‰√mw A\¿∞--
am-tb-°mw. Cu Xncn-®-dn-hmWv G‰-hpw henb
]ptcm-K-a-\w. Imhp-Isf XI¿Øv \mK-{]-Xn-jvT-
Isf Cf-°n-am‰n dnb¬ FtÉv hgn `qan hn‰v
kºm-Zn®v kzÿ-ambn kpJn®p Pohn-°mw F∂
hnizm-k-amWv G‰hpw henb A‘-hn-izmkw!
Imhp-I-fpsS imkv{Xo-bX {]Ir-Xnsb b⁄-`m-h-
Øn¬ A\p-`-hn-°pI F∂ k\m-X-\-im-kv{Xo-b-X-
bm-Wv. Imhp-I-sf \in-∏n-°p-∂-XmWv Aim-kv{Xo-
b-X. krjvSn-]-c-amb B≤ym-fln-I-ho-£-W-Øn-
eqsS am{Xta {]mtbm-Kn-I-X-e-Øn¬ ]mcn-ÿn-Xn-
Im-h-t_m-[sØ km£m-XvI-cn-°m-\m-hp-I-bp-≈q.
klm-b-I-{K-Ÿ-߃
Kundalini : A unique Vedic Perspective - Maj. Gen.
G.D. Bakshi - Pilgirms Publishing.
2. \mcm-b-W-Kpcp ˛ kºq¿Æ-Ir-Xn-Iƒ ˛ \mj-W¬
_p°v {SÃv.
3. X{¥-\n-L≠p ˛ kp[ojv \ºq-Xncn ˛ Id‚ v
_pIvkv.
4. at\m-ca Cb¿_p°v ˛ ae-bmf at\m-ca
15
 tUm. sI. Ac-hn-μm-£≥
{]]-©-Ønse hnhn-[-
Xcw Du¿÷-X-cw-K-ßfpw \ΩpsS
Pohn-Xhpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘-sØ-
∏‰n \nc-h[n Ime-ß-fmbn ]T-\-
߃ \S-∂p-hc - p-∂p. {]Ir-Xn-bnse
Du¿÷-X-cw-K-߃ ]©-`q-X-߃
F∂v Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ `qan, Pew,
A·n, hmbp, BImiw F∂n-h-
bn¬ \n∂pw D≠m-Ip-∂-h-bm-Wv.
CtX Xcw- K - ß ƒ Xs∂- b mWv
{]]- © - Ø nse ktN- X - \ hpw
AtN-X-\-hp-amb Hmtcm hkvXp-
hnepw D≈-Xv. a\p-jys‚ Imcy-
Ønepw Cßs\Xs∂. {]]-©-
Ønse \£-{X-ß-fn¬ \n∂p-¤-
hn-°p∂ Du¿÷{]Im-i-X-cw-K-
߃ kuc-bq-Y-Ønse hnhn[-
{Kl-߃ hgn `qan-bnse aÆnepw
Pe- Ø nepw A·n- b nepw hmbp-
hnepw A¥-co-£-Ønepw hnebw-
{]m]n-°p-∂p. AhnsS krjvSn-°-
s∏-Sp∂ Poh-Pm-e-ß-tfm-tcm-∂n-
16
s‚bpw P∑-Øns‚ BZy-L-S-I-
߃ Cu A©v Du¿÷-X-cw-K-
߃ XΩn- e p≈ ka- \ z- b - Ø n-
te°v, B P∑-sa-Sp-Ø Pohn-bpsS
ÿew, Imew, Np‰p- ] m- S p- I ƒ
F∂n-h-bn¬IqSn krjvSn-°-s∏-
Sp∂ P\-\-i-‡nbpw AXn-te°v
hs∂- Ø n- t ®- c p∂ A∂sØ
\£-{X-Øns‚ Du¿÷hpw Hcp-
an®ptN¿∂-Xm-Wv. B Du¿÷-X-
cw-K-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw kr„n-°-s∏-
Sp∂ ]p¬s°m-Sn-Iƒ, hr£-e-Xm-
Zn-Iƒ, P¥p-k-aqlw Ch Hmtcm-
∂pw a\p-jy-\n¬ {]tXyIw kzm-
[o\w sNep- Ø p- ∂ p- ≠ v . AXn-
\m¬ Cu Xcw- K - ß ƒ G‰hpw
\√ coXn-bn¬ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm-
hp∂ Hcp ssien a\p- j y≥
kr„n-s®-Sp-Ø-Xm-Wv, hmkvXp-im-
kv{X-Øn¬ ImWp-∂-Xv. hmkvXp-
hns‚ ASn- ÿ m- \ - L - S - I - ß ƒ
Xmsg ]d-bp-∂-Xm-Wv:
1186 I∂n
ln-μp-hn-iz-
\£-{X-k-aqlw ´- Ø n¬ a\p- j y≥ A\p- j v T m- \ - Øn¬ hmkvXp-]p-cp-j≥ F∂pw
{]]-©-Ønse \£-{X-k-aq- Øns‚ `mK-am-°n. Zn\-N-cy-I-fn¬ X{¥-im-kv{X-Øn¬ t£{X-]m-e-
l- Ø nse GXm≠v 90 iX- a m- t]mepw hS- t °m´p Xncn™ I-s\∂pw ]dbp-∂-Xv. Cu cq£-
\hpw DØ-cm¿≤-tKm-f-Øn-em-Wv. kv \ m\w, hS- t °m- ´ p - X n- c n™ amb sshZypXXcw-KsØ im¥-
AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ G‰hpw ip≤- ]qPbpw `£-Whpw hS-t°m´p am-°m≥ hoSns‚ sX°p-h-iØv
amb ssNX\yw D¤- h n- ° p∂ Xncn™ {]m¿∞-\, hS-t°m-´p≈ ]pfn-bp≈ hr£-߃ \Sp-∂Xv
ÿm\- a m- W v DØ- c m¿≤- t Km- f w. bm{X Ch-sb√mw ssZho-I-ambn DØ-a-sa∂v ]d-bp-∂p. Aßs\
`qan-b-S-ßp∂ kuc-bqYw DØ- ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-´p. ip≤o-I-cn-°-s∏´ sshZyp-X-X-cw-K-
cm¿≤-tKm-f-Øn-te°v \oßn-s°m- Øn-s‚ KXn-b-\p-k-cn-®mWv \mw
≠n-cn-°p∂ DØ-cm-b-\-Im-e-L´w Xe- h®pInS°p∂ A\p-jvTm-\-ap-
{KlDu¿÷w
(-aI
- cw 1 apX¬ I¿°nSIw 1 hsc) d- b p- ≠ m- b - X v . sXt°m´pw Ing-
\mw A[n-h-kn-°p∂ `qan t°m´pw Xe- h - ® p- d - ß p- t ºmƒ
{]Ir-Xn-bn¬ IqSp-X¬ IqSp-X¬
]Sn-™m-dp-\n∂v Ing-t°m´v 22 ½0 sX°p-\n∂v hcp∂ A®-pX-≠n-
\£-{X-ssN-X\yw h∂p\nd-bp∂
sNcn™v {`aWw sNbvXp-sIm-≠n- t‚bpw Ing-°p-\n∂v hcp∂ {Kl-
Ime-am-b-Xn-\m¬ AXv ssZhn-I-
cn- ° - b m¬ kuc- b q- Y - Ø nse ß-fp-sSbpw Du¿÷w \ΩpsS Xe-
Im- e - a mbpw DØ- c m¿≤- t Km- f -
kqcymZn {Kl-ß-fn¬ \n∂p≈ bn¬ \n∂v Imen-te°v {]h-ln®v
Øn¬ \n∂v AI-∂p-t]m-bn-s°m-
Du¿÷- X - c w- K - ß ƒ `qan- b nse
≠n-cn-°p∂ Z£n-Wm-b\-Im-e-L-
´w(-I¿°n-SIw 1 apX¬ aIcw 1
hsc) \£-{X-Du¿÷w Ipd-™p-
h-cn-I-bpw, Z£n-Wm-b-\-Ønse
Ccp≠ Du¿÷w(- s \- K - ‰ ohv
F\¿Pn) h¿≤n®ph- c n- I bpw
sNøp-∂-Xn-\m¬ tcmKmZn Akz-
ÿ-XI - f
- psS Ime-ambpw ]cn-KW - n-
°- s ∏- ´ p. DØ- c m- b - \ - I m- e w
\ΩpsS t£{X-ß-fn¬ {]Xn-jvT,
D’hw XpS-ßnb awK-f-I¿Ω-ß-
fpsS Ime-am-b-Xn\pw CXp-X-s∂-
bmWv Imc- W w. AtX- k abw
Z£n- W m- b - \ - I m- e Øv {]Ir- X n-
bn¬ hym]n-°p∂ tcmKm-Wp-°-fp-
tSbpw hnjm-Wp-°-fp-sSbpw s\K-
‰ohv F\¿Pn-bn¬ \n∂v \ΩpsS
hmk- ÿ - e sØ c£n- ° m≥
IpΩmbw t]mep≈ AWp- \ m-
in\n D]-tbm-Kn-®p≈ ssh‰vhm- aÆnepw Pe-Ønepw hmbp-hnepw
a‰pw Ing- ° p- h - i Øv [mcmfw \ΩpsS imco-cn-Ihpw am\-kn-I-hp-
jnwKv, Zi-]p-jv]-߃, HmSp-sIm-
h∂ptN¿∂p. hS°p]Sn-™m-dp- amb Akz- ÿ - X - I sf \o°w
≠p≈ hnf-°v, ]m{X-߃, hm¬
\n∂v sX°p- I n- g - t °m´v sNcn- sNøm≥ klm- b n- ° p- ∂ Xp-
°-ÆmSn XpS-ßn-b-hbpw, Aip≤
™mWv {`a-W-sa-∂-Xn-\m¬ `qan- sIm≠mWv "Bhmw sXt°m´v
ssNX-\ysØ \o°m≥ klm-bn-
bpsS ASn- h - i - a mb sX°p- ] - S n- DØaw Ing-t°m´v' F∂v BNm-c-
°p∂ {hXm-\p-jvTm-\-ßfpw am\-
™mdp\n∂pw apIƒh-i-amb hS- ap-≠m-b-Xv. Ing-°p-\n∂v hcp∂
knI Akz-ÿ-X-Isf \o°p∂
°p-In-g°p `mK-tØbv°v {`a-W- Hmtcm {Kl-Øns‚bpw Du¿÷-
]pcm-W-]-cm-bWw, P]w, Xo¿∞-
Øn-s‚ ^e-ambn Hcp sshZyp-X- X- c w- K - ß - f m¬ \ΩpsS \ne-
bm{X XpS- ß nb km[- \ - I fpw
{]- h mlw krjv S n- ° - s ∏´v Ib- \n¬]n\v AXym-h-iy-amb hnhn[
XnI®pw Huj- [ - [ m- \ y- ß fpw
dnt∏mbns°m- ≠ n- c n- ° p- ∂ - X n- s \- [mXp-°ƒ ico-c-Øn¬ kr„n-°-
Huj- [ - k - k y- ß fpw Ie¿∂
bmWv `uXn- I - i m- k v { X- Ø n¬ s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wv. kqcy≥hgn Bbp¿-
{]IrXn`£-Whpw Cu Ime-L-
A®p-X-s≠∂pw hmkvXp-im-kv{X- _-ehpw N{μ-\n-eqsS {]mW-s‚-
1186 I∂n
ln-μp-hn-iz- 17

kqcy≥hgn Bbp¿-_-ehpw
N{μ-\n-eqsS {]mW-s‚-bpw
hnIm-c-ß-fp-sS-bpw
a\- n-t‚bpw _ehpw
sNmΔ-bn-eqsS
c‡[m-Xp_ehpw
_p[-\n-eqsS _p≤n-_-ehpw
hymg-Øn-eqsS HmP pw
I¿Ω-ti-jnbpw ip{I-\n-eqsS
{iobpw BI¿j-Whpw
i\n-bn-eqsS imco-cn-I-
i-‡nbpw e`n-°p-∂p.
bpw hnIm- c - ß - f p- s S- b pw a\-   n-
t‚bpw _ehpw sNmΔ-bn-eqsS
c‡--[m-Xp-_-ehpw _p[-\n-eqsS
_p≤n- _ - e hpw hymg- Ø n- e qsS
HmP pw I¿Ω-ti-jnbpw ip{I-\n-
eqsS {iobpw BI¿j- W hpw
i\n-bn-eqsS imco-cn-I-i-‡nbpw
e`n-°p-∂p. Cu {Kl-Du¿÷-X-cw-
K-߃ G‰hpw Btcm--Ky-I-c-amb
A\p-]m-X-Øn¬ ico-c-Øn-te°v
18
e`n-t°-≠-h-bm-Wv. ]s£ {Kl-
ß-fpsS hnhn-[ ÿm\-ß-fn-ep≈
A]m- I - X - I tfm Ah kzoI- c n-
°p∂ \ΩpsS A]m- I - X - I tfm
aqew {]kvXpX Du¿÷-X-cw-K-
߃ \ap°v th≠-Xp-t]mse e`n-
°msX hcp∂ Np‰p-]m-Sn¬ Cu
Du¿÷-X-cw-K-ßsf sÃ_n-sse-
k¿ IWs° \ap°v \¬Im≥
klm-b-I-c-amb D]m-k-\-I-fmWv
ho´p-]-cn-k-cØv {Kl-hr-£-ß-fpw
\£- { X- h r- £ - ß - f pw \Sp- I bpw
\h- { K- l - ß - f psS Du¿÷w
Dƒs°m- ≈ p∂ \h- [ m- \ y- ß ƒ
apf-∏n®v `£-W-Øns‚ `mK-am-°p-
Ibpw {Kl- ß - f psS i‡nsb
ico-c-Øn-s‚ Du¿÷-he-b-Øn-
te°v k∂n-th-in-∏n-°p∂ ]©-
tem- l - ß fpw \h- c - X v \ - ß - f pw
[cn°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ A\p-jvTm-
\-ß-ƒ D≠m-b-Xv.
Kr-l-\n¿ΩmWssien
hS-°p-\n∂v hcp∂ \£{X-
Du¿÷-tØbpw Ing-°p-\n∂pw
hcp∂ {Kl-Du¿÷-tØbpw ASn-
ÿm-\-s∏-SpØn Ing-°n\pw hS-
°n\pw \ΩpsS Krl-\n¿Ωm-W-
im-kv{X-Øn¬ DØ-a-ÿm-\-ß-
sf∂ {]m[m\yw sImSpØn-´p-≠v.
sX°p-\n∂v hS-t°m´p t]mIp∂
A®pX-s≠∂ sshZyp-X-Du¿÷-
Øns‚ hn]-co-X-Zn-i-bn¬ hS-°p-
\n∂v sXt°m´v \£{X Du¿÷w
hgn- b p≈ Im¥nIXcw- K - ß ƒ
`qan-bn-te°v \∂mbn hs∂-Øpw.
AtX- t ]mse Ing- ° p- \ n- ∂ p≈
{Klß-fpsS Du¿÷-X-cw-K-߃
]Sn-™m-tdm´v {]k-cn-°p-∂Xpw
tN¿Øpt\m°p- t ºmƒ Hmtcm
hoSn-s‚bpw D≈n¬ t{Imkv sh‚n-
te-j≥(-sX-°p-hS°v Ing-°p-]-Sn-
™m-dm-bn) sImSp-°p-∂-Xm-bm¬
hoSn-\-IØv \√ F\¿Pn _me≥-
kv (ko-Ir-X-Du¿÷m-h-ÿ) kZm-
k-abw \ne-\n¿Øm≥ Ign-bpw.
AØcw \n¿Ωn-Xn-Iƒ tcmKmZn
Acn-jvS-X-Iƒ, {Kl-∏n-g-Iƒ Ch-
sbm∂pw D≠m- ° p- I - b n- s √∂p
am{X-a√ IpSpw-_-Øn-\-IØv ]c-
kv ] cw kwL¿j- ß tfm Ie-
ltam aqew D≠m-Ip∂ hn]-co-
tXm¿÷sØ D∑q-e\w sNøp-∂-
Xn\pw klmbn°pw.
IpSpw-_-Øns‚ Pohn-X-Ncy
Hcp Znh-ksØ 24 aWn-°q-
dn¬ Hmtcm aWn-°q-dnepw {]Ir-
Xn-bn-ep-≠m-Ip∂ Du¿÷m-hÿ
hyXy-kvX-am-Ip-∂-Xn-\m¬
Ahbv°v kam-\-ambn a\p-jy-i-
co- c - Ø ns‚ Du¿÷m- h - ÿ bpw
ico-c-Ønse tlm¿tam¨ {]h¿
Ø- \ - ß fpw hyXy- k vX- a m-
bncn°pw. {Kl- ß - f n¬ \n∂p
hcp∂ Du¿÷-X-cw-K-߃ Poh-
Pm-e-ß-fpsS IÆp-I-fpsS sd‰n-\-
bn¬ X´n Xe-t®m-dns‚ X¥p-°-
fn¬ krjvSn-°p∂ {]Xn-{]-h¿Ø-
\-ß-fmWv ico-c-Øn-s‚ tlm¿-
tam-Wp-Isf hnhn-[-k-a-b-ß-fn¬
hyXy-kvX-co-Xn-bn¬ {]h¿Øn-∏n-
°p-∂-Xv. DZm-lcW-Øn\v Dd-°-
Øns‚ tlm¿tam¨ F∂v Adn-
b-s∏-Sp∂ sae-tSm-Wn≥ i‡n-
bmbn {]h¿Øn- ° p∂ kabw
cm{Xn 10 apX¬ cmhnse 3 hsc-
1186 I∂n
ln-μp-hn-iz-
bm-Wv. cm{Xn 9 apX¬ 10.30 hsc
sae-tSm-Wn≥ h¿≤n-®p-sIm-t≠-bn-
cn-°p-Ibpw cmhnse 3 apX¬ 4.30
hsc Ipd-™p-sIm-t≠-bn-cn-°p-
Ibpw sNøpw. Xe-t®m-dnse ]o\n-
b¬ •m‚n¬ \n∂v D¤-hn-°p∂
sae- t Sm- W n≥{KŸn- b n¬ \n∂p
≈ Du¿÷- X - c w- K - ß ƒ Im¬
s]cp-hn-c¬Xpºp-hsc {]h-ln®v
ico-c-Ønse F√m-hn[ imco-cnI
am\knI Akz- ÿ X- I - t fbpw
XmU- \ - ß - t fbpw ]oU- \ ßtf
bpw D∑q-e\w sNbvXv ico-c-Øn\v
kpJhpw kzÿXbpw \¬Ip-∂p.
Cu sae- t Sm- W n≥ tlm¿tam-
Wns‚ {]hmlw sXt°m´pw Ing-
t°m´pw Xe-h-®p-d-ßp∂ BfpsS
inc- n¬ `qan-bpsS Du¿÷-X-cw-
K-߃°-\p-kr-X-am-Ip-∂-Xn-\m¬
ico-c-Øn\pw a\- n\pw kpJw,
im¥n, t£aw F∂n-h e`n-°p-
∂p.
]pe¿s®bp≈
DW-cepw A\p-jvTm-\-ßfpw
Hmtcm Znh-khpw cmhnse
\mec apX¬ Bdp-hsc Ing-°p-
\n∂v kuc-bq-Y-Ønse hnhn[
h¿WØn-ep≈ Du¿÷-c-ivan-Iƒ
G‰hpw i‡-ambn h∂p-tN-cp∂
ka-b-am-b-Xn-\m¬ Cu Du¿÷-c-
ivan-Isf Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb coXn-
bn¬ {]tbm- P - \ - s ∏- S p- Ø p- h m≥
klm-bn-°pw-hn[w \mw {]`m-X-
I¿Ω- ß ƒ \n›- b n- ® p. Ing°p
\ns∂- Ø p∂ Hmd©v \nd- a p≈
civan-Iƒ sFiz-cyhpw im¥nbpw
\¬Ip∂ t]mkn-‰ohv civan-I-fm-
b-Xn-\m¬ Ahsb hen-s®-SpØv
hoSn- \ - I Øv {]k- c n- ∏ n- ° m≥
klm- b n- ° p∂ FÆ- s bm- g n- ® v
Xncn- b n´v IØn- ® p- h - ® n- c n- ° p∂
\ne-hn-f-°v (Hm´p-hn-f-°v) {]`m-X-
I¿Ω-Øn s‚ BZyLS-I-am-bn.
\Sp-hn¬ \mcm-bhpw Np‰pw FÆ-
sbm-gn--°p∂ X´pw, Ing°pw ]Sn-
™mdpw IØp∂ Xncn-Ifpw Cu
Du¿ ÷-X-cw-K-ß-sf {]k-cn-∏n-
1186 I∂n
ln-μp-hn-iz-
°p∂ am≤y- a - a m- b n. {]kv X pX Du¿÷hpw H∂n®v ktΩ-fn-°p∂
{]Im-isØ alm-e£van F∂v ÿm\- a mWv Cuim- \ - t Im- s W
\mw hnfn-®p. CtXkabw tcmK- ∂pw ao\w-cm-in-sb∂pw Adn-b-s∏-
{]- X n- t cm- [ - t i- j n \∂m bn Sp∂ hS°pIng-t°-aqe. G‰hpw
hf¿Øp∂ \oe- \ n- d - Ø n- e p≈ \√ ssZhoIssNX\yw kr„n-°-
civan-Iƒ ASp-°-f-bnse A·n s∏- S p∂ ÿm\- a m- b - X p- s Im≠v
hgn hen- s ®- S pØv `£- W - ] - InW¿, ASp-°-f, ho´p-]-I-c-W-ß-
Zm¿∞-ß-fn-te°v k∂n-th-in-∏n- fn¬ AΩn-°-√v, \ntXym-]-tbm-K-
°p∂ NS- ß mWv kqtcymZ- b - h-kvXp-°-fn¬ G‰hpw ip≤-amb
Øn\v apºv `£Ww ]mIw `kvaw, Dan-°c - n, F∂n-hb
- vs°√mw
sNbvXpXpS-߬. Cu \oe{]Im- DØaw ao\w-cm-in-sb∂p h∂p.
isØ {io]m¿Δ-Xnsb∂pw \mw ASp- ° - f - b n¬ `£Ww ]mIw
hnfn-®p. Cßs\ Hcp hoSns‚
G‰hpw {][m-\-s∏´ apdn-I-
fmbn ASp-°-fbpw t{Umbnw-
Kv d qapw ]cn- K - W n- ° - s ∏- ´ p.
t{Um bnwKvdqans\ "hnjvWp-
tem-I-'sa ∂pw ASp-°fsb
"inh- t em- I 'sa∂pw hnfn- ® -
t∏mƒ bmsXm-cp-hn[ Aip-≤n-
Ifpw _m[n-°msX Cu c≠p
apdn-Iƒ \ne-\n¿Ø-W-sa∂
\njvI¿j h∂p. Cu c≠p
apdn-I-fn-te-°pap≈ hmXn-ep-
Isf ÿm]n- ° p∂ I´nf-
hbv ] v aplq¿Øw t\m°n
sNtø≠ awK- f - I ¿Ω- a mbn
Xo¿∂p. ASp- ° - f bnte°v
\oe-{]-Im-i-c-ivan-Iƒ kZm-k-
abw \n¿_m[w h∂p-tN-cp-∂-
Xn-\mbn ASp-°-fbv°v Ing-
t°m-s´mcp P\-hm-Xn¬ thW-
sa∂pw AXn\v ]e- I - I ƒ
]mSn- s √- ∂ pw (- N q- ´ - g n- I ƒ) sNøp∂ ho´Ω Ing-t°m´p Xncn
\njvI¿j-bp-≠m-bn. ™p `£Ww ]mIw sNøp-I-bm-
sW- ¶ n¬ Ing- ° p- \ n∂v hcp∂
ao\w cmin-bpsS {]m[m\yw
ip≤hpw im¥-hp-amb \oe-c-ivan-
Ing- ° p- \ n∂v {Ktlm¿- ÷ -
Iƒ ho´- Ω bv ° v imco- c n- I hpw
civan-Iƒ t\cn´v h∂p ]Xn-°p∂
am\- k n- I - h p- a mb Btcm- K yw
Krl-Øns‚ sX°p-`mKw cq£-
\¬Ipw. Ing°p]Sn-™m-dm-bp≈
ÿm-\-ambpw Aev]w sNcn™p
AΩn-°-√n¬ Ing-t°m´v Xncn™p
h∂p]Xn-°p∂ Ing-°n-s‚ hS-°p-
\n∂v Ac-°p-∂-Xm-bm¬ `£-W-
`mKw im¥n-ÿm-\-ambpw ]cn-K-
h-kvXp-°-fn¬ {Kl-ß-fp-tSbpw
Wn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. {Ktlm¿÷-Øn
\£{X- ß - f p- t Sbpw Du¿÷w
s‚ cq£-Xsb hS-°p-\n-∂p≈
h∂p \nd-bp-sa∂p am{X-a√ ho´-
\£- { X- ß - f psS ipt≤m¿- ÷ w
Ω- b nepw t]mkn- ‰ ohv F\¿Pn
im¥-am°n Xo¿-°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠m-
kr„n-°pw. Btcm-Ky-c-£-bn¬
Wn-Xv. \£-{X-Du¿÷hpw {Kl-
\oe- \ n- d - Ø n- \ p≈ {]m[m\yw
19
Adn-bm-hp-∂-Xp-sIm-≠mWv ho´p
Npa-cp-Iƒ ssh‰v hmjv sNøp-
tºmƒ AXn¬ \oe\ndw tN¿
°p∂ A\p-jvTm-\-߃ D≠m-b-
Xv . Ing- ° p- \ n∂v hcp∂ F√m
h¿Æ-c-ivan-Ifpw ebn-®p-≠m-Ip∂
shfp- ∏ p- c iv a n ]pe¿s® 4.30
apX¬ 6.30 hsc DW¿∂v ]Tn-°p-
∂-h-cpsS ]o\n-b¬ •m‚ v hen-s®-
SpØv _p≤n-i-‡nbpw Hm¿Ω-i-
‡n-bp-ambn Xe-t®m-dns‚ D≈-d-
I-fn¬ i‡n \¬Ip-sa∂ XXz-
sØ ASn-ÿm-\-s∏-SpØn \me-c-
bv ° p- W ¿∂v ]Tn- ° p- ∂ - h - c n¬
_p≤n-bpsS shfp-∏p-\n-d-Øn-ep≈
kc- k zXossNX\yw h∂v \nd
™v _p≤n- i - ‡ nbpw Hm¿Ω- i -
‡nbpw h¿≤n-°p-sa∂v h∂p. \n¿
`m-Ky-sa∂p ]d-b-s´ C∂p \ΩpsS
Krl- ß - f n¬ 7 aWnbv ° pw 8
aWnbv°pw DW-cp∂ ho´-Ω-amcpw
hnZym¿∞n- I fpw £Wn- ® p- h - c p-
Øp- ∂ - X v tPyjv T m- ` - K - h - X n- s b-
bmWv F∂v ]d- b m- X n- c n- ° m≥
hø.
20
CXm Hcp ]co-£Ww
c≠v h¿j- ß ƒ°p apºv
Hmkvt{S-en-b-bnse 3500 hnZym¿-
∞n- I ƒ°n- S - b n¬ Ahn- S sØ
\yqtdm ssk‚n-Ãp-Iƒ \S-Ønb
]co-£-W-am-Wv. Ahsc cm{Xn 2
aWn hsc CcpØn ]Tn-∏n®v 2
aWn apX¬ 8 aWn hsc Dd-ßm≥
hn´p. 6 amksØ ]co-£-W-Øn-
s\m- S p- h n¬ imkv { X- ⁄ - ∑ m¿
Is≠-Øn-b-Xv hnZym¿-∞n-I-fpsS
_p≤n- i ‡n Ipd- b p- ∂ - X mbpw
Ah¿ IqSp-X¬ IqSp-X¬ tcmKn-
Ifpw hg-°m-fn-I-fmbpw amdp-∂p-
sh-∂m-Wv. sae-tSm-Wn≥ tlm¿
tam¨ {]h-ln-°p∂ ka-bØv Dd-
tß-≠n-bn-cp∂ Ah¿ Dd-ßm-sX-
bn-cp∂v ]Tn®v _p≤n-i-‡n-bpsS
tlm¿tam¨ {]h¿Øn-°p∂ ka-
bØv Ah¿ ]Tn-°m sX InS-∂p-
dßn F∂m Wv imkv{X-⁄-∑m¿
]d-bp-∂-Xv.
Krl-{]-th-i-Øns‚
{]m[m\yw
AK-kvXy-a-l¿-jn-bpsS
`mj-bn¬ hoSpw t£{Xhpw Hcp
t]mse-bm-Wv. t£{X-Øn-te-Xp-
t]m- s e- X s∂ {]Xn- j vTbpw
\ntXym- ] - N m- c - ß fpw ip≤nbpw
\nth-Zyhpw Hcp ho´n¬ apS-ßmsX
\S- ° - W - s a∂v al¿jn ]d- b p
∂p. ho´nse X{¥nbpw ]qPm-cnbpw
ho´-Ω-bm-sW-∂¿∞w. Hcp Krl-
Ønse kzoI-c-W-ap-dnbn¬ alm-
e-£van-tbbpw ASp-°-f-bn¬ ]m¿
ΔXn-tbbpw {]Xn-jvTn-°p∂ awK-
f- I ¿Ω- a m- b mWv Krl- { ]- t hiw
]cn- K - W n°- s ∏- S p- ∂ - X v . AXp-
sIm≠p-Xs∂ ho´-Ω-bpsS P∑-\-
£-{X-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬
aplq¿- Ø w \n›- b n- ° p- I bpw
ssZhn-I-amb {]m¿∞-\, hkv{X-
[m-c-Ww, A„-aw-K-e-h-kvXp-°fpw
IØn-®p-h® \ne-hn-f°pw kzoI-
c-W-ap-dn-bn¬ ÿm]n-°¬, [m\y-
e- £ vansb {]Xn- j vTn- ° p∂
s\¬]d \nd- b v ° ¬, ASp- ° - f -
bn¬ {io]m¿Δ-Xnsb {]Xn-jvTn-
°p∂ A·nsb Pzen- ∏ n- ° ¬,
{io]m¿Δ-Xnsb A∂-]q¿tÆ-iz-
cn-bm°n am‰p∂ ]mep-Im-®¬ XpS-
ßnb NS-ßp-Iƒ Krl-{]-th-i-
Øns‚ `mK-am-b-Xv. CtX Imc-W-
Øm¬ Krl- { ]- t hiw Ign™
Hcp ho´n¬ \ne-hn-f°v IØn-°p-
∂Xpw ASp- ° - f - b n¬ `£Ww
]mIw sNøp-∂Xpw apS-ßmsX
sNøWw F∂ \njvI¿j
D≠m-bn.
1186 I∂n
ln-μp-hn-iz-
k‘ym-Zo-]-Øns‚ `m- K y- s a∂p ]d- b s´
amlmflyw C∂p \ΩpsS hoSp-I-
AkvX-a-b-k-a- fn¬ k‘ym- Z o]w
bØv `qan-bn¬ h∂p- IrXy-ambn sXfn-bn-°p-
tN- c p∂ kqcy- c - i v a n- ∂pt≠m? AsX- t ∏m-
Iƒ°v _ehpw Xcw-K- gmWv IØn- ° p- ∂ Xv ?
ssZ¿ Lyhpw Ipd-™p- k‘ym{]m¿-∞\ \S-
h-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ {]IrXn °p- ∂ p- t ≠m? Fs∂
hnjm-Wp-°fpw tcmKm- √mw Nn¥n-®m¬ e÷n
Wp-°fpw \nd-™-Xm- ®v Xe-Xm-gvtØ≠nhcn-
Ip- ∂ p. AXp- s Im≠v I-bn-t√.
k‘ym-th-fbv°v ]m´p- kam-]\w
cm-in (-hn-jm-Wp-°-fpw IpSpw-_-kw-
tcmKm- W p- ° fpw \nd- L¿j-ßfpw ]c-kv]
bp∂ ka- b w) F∂ cw D≈ Nqj-W-ßfpw
t]¿ h∂p. Cu ka- hgn]ng- ® p≈ Pohn- X -
bØv `£-Ww, ]mNIw, Dd-°w, ssi-enbpw Im¿∂p Xn∂p-sIm-≠n-
H‰ I¿Ωw sIm≠p Xs∂ Hcp
ITn-\m≤zm-\w, F∂n-h-sbm∂pw cn- ° p∂ tcmK- ß fpw XI- c p∂
Krl- Ø nse F√m {Kl- t Zm- j -
sNø-cp-sX∂ \njvI¿j h∂p. IpSpw-_-_-‘-ßfpw aqew C∂v
ßfpw _m[m- t Zmj- ß fpw
k‘ym- t h- f - b n¬ {]Ir- X nsb \ΩpsS Krl-߃ Imcm-Kr-l-ß-
C√mbv a sNøm≥ Ign- b p- s a∂v
c£n-°p∂ Du¿÷-X-cw-K-߃ fmbn amdp- I - b m- W v. Chsb
B[p-\n-I a\x-imkv{X-⁄-∑mcpw
{]k- c n- ∏ n- ° p∂ NS- ß mWv sFizcy-tZh-Xbp-sSbpw Btcm-
A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. Hcp IpSpw-_-
t£{X-ß-fn¬ Zo]m-cm-[-\. Zo]m- Ky-tZ-h-X-bp-sSbpw hnZym-tZ-h-X-bp-
Øn¬ kt¥m-j-I-c-amb PohnXw
cm-[-\-bpsS ip≤-Du¿÷-X-cw-K- sSbpw tIfo- c w- K - a mbn ]cn-
Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øp-∂-Xns‚ `mK-ambn
߃ A¥- c o- £ - Ø n¬ hym]n- h¿Ø\w sN-øm≥ \ΩpsS IpSpw-
Cu {]m¿∞-\ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-
°ptºmƒ Ah sb hen-s®-SpØv _mw-K-߃ {]tXy-In®v ho´-Ω-
ap≠v. IØn ®ph® \ne-hn-f-°n\v
hoSn- \ - I - Ø v \n- d - b v ° m- \ mWv am¿ t_m[-apƒs°m≠v apt∂m´v
AXv NqSm- b m¬ am{X ta
k‘ym- Z o]w IØn- ° p- ∂ - X v. htc-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. AXn\pX°-
{]kv X pX Du¿÷- X - c w- K - ß sf
k‘ym-k-a-bØv as‰ √m Imcy- hÆw hmkvXp-im-kv{Xhpw A\p-
hen- s ®- S p- ° m≥ Ign- h p- ≠ mIq
ßfpw \n¿Øn ico- c - i p- ≤ n- h - jv T m- \ - i m- k v { Xhpw Xmf- e - b -
F∂-Xp-sIm≠v "A¥n °v hnf°v
cpØn `kvaw [cn®v k‘ym-Zo]w tØmsS Hcp-an®v tN¿∂ Hcp Pohn-
sIm- f p- Ø - c pXv ' (A- c - a - W n- ° q¿
sXfn-bn®v IpSpw-_mw-K-߃ Hcp- X-ssi-en-bn-te°v \otß≠ Npa-
apsº- ¶ nepw hnf°v sImfp- Ø -
an®v tN¿∂n-cp∂v {]m¿∞n-°p∂ Xe \ΩpsS IpSpw-_mw-Kß - ƒ°p-≠.v
Ww) F∂ ]g-s©m-√p-≠m-bn. \n¿

1186 I∂n
ln-μp-hn-iz- 21

(am¿K-Z¿iIv aWvU¬ kwÿm\ P\d¬- sk-{I-´dn)
Chn-SsØ {]mW-hmbp
izkn-®v, ip≤-Pew Ign®v
Chn-sS-bp-≈-h¿°v t\sc
Bbp-[-sa-Sp-°p∂
lo\-am-sbmcp
{]Xyb-im-kv{X-Øns‚
h‡m-°-fmb Cu
Xo{h-hm-Zn-Iƒ°p-t\sc
ki‡w t]mcm-tS≠ \ne
Bk-∂-am-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.
22
kzman hna-em-\μ
kzmX{¥yw e`n®p 63
h¿jw ]n∂n-Sp-tºmƒ, GsXmcp
kaq-lsØ°p-dn®pw Nn¥n-°p-∂-
Xp- t ]mse lnμp- h ns‚ Ct∏m-
gsØ Ah-ÿ-sb-°p-dn®v \ap-
s°m∂p Nn¥n-®p-t\m-°m-hp-∂-Xm-
Wv. kzmX{¥yw t\Sp-∂-Xp-Xs∂
`mcXhn-`-P-\-tØm-sS-bm-Wv. apl-
Ω-Zen Pn∂-bpsS "hnL-S-\-hmZ'
X{¥- ß ƒ°v kmaq- l n- I - a mb
AkvXnXzw e`n-°p-∂Xv AtXm-
sS- b m- W v . AtX hnL- S - \ - h m- Z -
Øns‚ Cc- b mbn tImSn- ° - W -
°n\v c‡- k m- £ n- I ƒ C∂pw
XpS¿®-bmbn krjvSn-°-s∏-´p-sIm-
≠n-cn-°p-∂p. Chn-SsØ {]mW-
hmbp izkn-®v, ip≤-Pew Ign®v
Chn-sS-bp-≈-h¿°v t\sc Bbp-
[- s a- S p- ° p∂ lo\- a m- s bmcp
{]Xyb-im-kv{X-Øns‚ h‡m-°-
fmb Cu Xo{h-hm-Zn-Iƒ°p-t\sc
ki‡w t]mcm-tS≠ \ne Bk-
∂-am-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.
Ct∏mƒ Imivao-cn¬ \S-°p-
∂ Iq´-s°m-e-Iƒ Cu hnL-S-\-
hm- Z - Ø ns‚ _m°n- ] - { X- a t√?
kz¥w \m´n¬ \n∂pw IpSn-bn-d-°-
s∏´v Ae-™p-Xn-cn™v \S-t°-
≠n-h-cp∂ Imivao-cnse ]WvUn-
‰p-Iƒ C…m-anIXo{h-hm-Z-Øns‚
G‰hpw henb Cc- I - f m- W v.
Ch¿°v kwÿm-\-˛-tI{μ k¿
°m-cp-I-fpsS bmsXm-cp-hn[ A\p-
`m- h - ] q¿Æ- a mb klm- b hpw
]n¥p- W - b p- a n- √ . [m¿Ωn- I - a mb
]n¥pW {]Xo-£n-°p-∂-Xp-Xs∂
1186 I∂n
ln-μp-hn-iz-
A]-cm-[-hpam-Wv.
thm´p- _ m¶v cmjv{So- b -
Øns‚ Xn‡- ^ ew apgp- h ≥
A\p-`-hn-°p-∂Xv Chn-SsØ `qcn-
]£ P\- X - b m- W v . P\- ß - f psS
kpc-£bpw kam-[m-\-hp-sa√mw
CXn-\p-th≠n k¿°m-cp-Iƒ ASn-
b-d-sh-°p-hm≥ Xøm-dm-hp-tºmƒ
km[m-cW ]uc\v Fß-s\-bmWv
\oXn-e-`n-°pI? ]m¿e-sa‚m-{I-a-
W- t °- k nse {]Xn A^v k ¬
Kpcp-hns‚ h[-in£ \S-∏n-em-°m-
Ø k¿°m¿ \S-]Sn Xs∂ ka-
Im-en-I-amb Zpc-¥-ß-fn¬ G‰hpw
hep-Xv. CXv \ΩpsS P\m-[n-]Xy
kwkv I m- c - Ø ns‚ Po¿W- X sb
Xpd- ∂ p- I m- ´ pI IqSn sNøp∂p.
apwss_ B{I-a-W-sØ-°p-dn®v
]mIv{][m- \ - a {¥n \S- Ø nb
{]kvXm-h\ t\m°pI: ""\ΩpsS
Bdp ]mIn-ÿm\n bphm-°ƒ°v
apwss_ Iog- S - ° m≥ km[n- ® -
Xn¬\n∂pw \ΩpsS ssk\y-
Øn\v C¥ysb \njv { ]- b mkw
Iog-S-°m≥ Ignbpw. B{I-a-tWm-
’p-I-amb CØcw {]kvXm-h\-
I- t fmSv i‡- a mbn {]Xn- I - c n-
°m≥t]mepw C¥y≥ \b-X-{¥-
a-{¥m-e-b-Øn-\m-hp-∂n-√.
`oI- c - { ]- h ¿Ø- \ - ß ƒ°v
tImSn-°W- °- n\v cq] sNe-hgn-°p-
∂-Xmbn _‘-s∏´ DtZym-K-ÿ-
∑m¿ shfn- s ∏- S p- Ø p- t ºmgpw
CØcw {]h¿Ø- \ - ß - s fm∂pw
Ime-{]m-]vXn-bn-se-Øp-∂n-s√∂
sshcp≤yw hnkv a - c n- ® p- I q- S m.
temI-cm-jv{S-ß-fn¬ `mcXw ]pd-
In-em-Ip∂ Npcp°w kμ¿`-ß-fn-
sem∂v Xo{h- h m- Z - Ø n- \ p- t \- s c-
bp≈ i-‡hpw Imcy-£-a-hp-amb
{]Xn-I-c-W-Øns‚ A`m-hw-sIm-
≠m-Wv.

]m¿e-sa‚m-{I-a-W-t°-knse {]Xn A^vk¬ Kpcp-hns‚
h[-in£ \S-∏n-em-°m-Ø k¿°m¿ \S-]Sn Xs∂
ka-Im-en-I-amb Zpc-¥-ß-fn¬ G‰hpw hep-Xv.
CXv \ΩpsS P\m-[n-]Xy kwkvIm-c-Øns‚
Po¿W-Xsb Xpd-∂p-Im-´pI IqSn sNøp∂p.
C…m-an-tI-Xckaq-l-ßsf `mc-
X- Ø n¬\n- ∂ pw XpS- ® p- \ o- ° p- h m≥
th≠n tIc-f-Ønse Xo{h-hm-Z-i-‡n-
Iƒ \S-Ønb _lp-hn[ \o°-ß-
fn¬ Nne-Xm-bn-cp∂p amdmSpw sXmSp-
]p-g-bnep-sams° I≠-Xv. apJy-[mcm
cmjv{Sob {]ÿm-\-ß-fpsS kPo-h-
amb ]n¥p-W-bn-√msX CsXm∂pw
bmYm¿∞y- a m- I p- a m- b n- c p- ∂ n- s √∂
hkvXpXbpw \ap-°-dnbmw. atX-X-c-
Xz-Øns‚ apJw-aq-Sn-b-Wn™ CS-Xp-
]- £ - { ]- ÿ m- \ - ß - f mWv Hcp- ] - s £,
lnμp-hn-cp≤kao-]-\-߃ {]I-Sn-∏n-
°p-∂-Xn¬ ap∂n-se∂p ]d-bmw. ae-
∏pdw Pn√ D≠m-°n-s°m-Sp-Ø-Xpw,

1186 I∂n
ln-μp-hn-iz- 23
t£{X]p\-cp≤mcW-Øn-\p-th≠n
bXv\n® tIf-∏-Pnsb Pbn-en-e-S-
®Xpw CS- X p- ] £k¿°m- c p- I ƒ
Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. cmPy-t{Zm-l-{]-
h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS t]cn¬ Ip‰m-tcm-
]n-X-\m-hp-Ibpw ]n∂oSv Ad-Ãp-sN-
ø- s ∏- S p- I bpw sNbv X ]nUn]n
t\Xmhv aAZv\n°p ]n¥pW
\¬In-bn-cp-∂Xpw H∏w thZn ]¶n-´-
Xp-sa√mw CS-Xp-]£ - {- ]-ÿm-\ß - ƒ
Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. AtX ]m¿´n-
bpsS apJy-a-{¥n-°p-Xs∂ tIcfw as‰mcp ]mIn-ÿm-
\m-Ip-hm≥ t]mIp-∂p-sh∂p Ipº-km-cn-t°-≠nh-
∂Xv IuXp-I-I-c-am-sbmcp hntcm-[m-`m-kw. \nb-a-k-
`m- a - W v U - e - ß ƒ ]p\¿{I- a o- I - c n- ® - t ∏mƒ ap…nw
aWvUe - ß
- sf GtIm-]n-∏n-°p-hm\pw Ah-cpsS {]mXn-
\n[yw th≠-Xn-e[nIw Dd-∏p-hc - p-Øp-hm\pw {]b-Xv\n-
®Xv CtX ]m¿´n-bpsS h‡m-°ƒ Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂n-
t√-sb∂ tNmZy-Øn\v, Aßs\ hcp-tºmƒ, apJy-
a{¥n Xs∂ adp-]Sn ]d-tb≠Xm-bn-h-cpw.
Cu h¿jsØ amXr-Zn-\-tØm-S-\p-_-‘n®v 18Dw
28Dw sNdp-a-°ƒ AS-ßnb ap…nwIpSpw-_-ß-fpsS
Nn{Xw ae-bm-f-a-t\m-ca {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-cp-∂p. henb
]mc-º-cy-ap≈ lnμp-Ip-Spw-_-߃t]mepw AWp-Ip-
Spw-_a - mbn amdn-bt- ∏mƒ ap…nwIpSpw-_ß - ƒ IqSp-X¬
hnim-e-am-hp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. ]n∂m-°-hn-`m-K-ß-
sf∂p Is≠-Ønbpw \yq\-]-£-ß-sf∂v {]Jym-
]n®pw hnhn[ IΩo-j-Wp-Ifpw a‰pw hmcn-t°m-cn-s®m-
cn™ B\p-Iq-ey-߃ C…m-anI IpSpw-_-ß-fpsS
kmº- Ø n- I - ˛ - s Xm- g n¬`- { ZX Dd- ∏ p- h - c p- Ø p- t ºmƒ
IpSpw-_m-kq-{X-W-Øns‚ A¿∞-hym]vXn C…m-
anIkaq-l-Øn¬ as‰m-∂m-Ip-∂p. IqSp-X¬ IqSp-X¬
Zcn-{Z-cm-bn-Øo¿∂v Bfl-l-Xy-bn¬ A`bw tXSn-
s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ lnμp-Ip-Spw_ßfpsS FÆw s]cp-
In-s°m-t≠-bn-cn-°p-I-bp-am-Wv. B\p-]m-XnI {]mXn-
\n-[y-Øn¬ \n∂pw A]-I-S-I-c-amb Ak-¥p-en-Xm-
hÿbnte-°m-bn-cn°pw P\-kw-Jy-bpsS Imcy-Øn-
ep≈ Cu G‰-°p-d-®n-ep-Iƒ \bn-°p-I. CXp \S-
°p-∂-Xm-Is´ hfsc Ipd-®p-h¿j-߃°p-≈n-epw.
`c-W-X-e-Ønepw HutZym-Kn-I-X-e-Ønepw lnμp
kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ {]mXn-\n[yw \jvS-s∏-´p. ^etam?
lnμp-hns‚ Bcm-[-\m-e-b-ßfpw t£{X-`q-an-Ifpw
k¿°m¿ ]nSn-s®-Sp-Øp-I-gn-™p. hnizm-k-sØbpw
hnizm-kn-I-sf-bpw bmsXmcp hn[-Ønepw ]cn-c-£n-
°p-hm≥ Ch¿ Xøm-d-√-Xm-\pw. k\ym-kn-am-cp-sS
t\¿°v \S- ° p∂ B{I- a - W - ß ƒ, B{i- a - ß ƒ
ssIb- S - ° p- h m\p≈ Ip’nX{ia- ß ƒ,- C - s X√mw
24
Bkq-{Xn-X-amb ]≤-Xn-I-
C…m-an-tI-Xckaq-l-ßsf fpsS `mKw Xs∂-bm-Wv.
`mc-X-Øn¬\n-∂pw ae- _ m¿ tZhkzw
t_m¿Uv cq]o-I-cn®v Ahn-
XpS-®p-\o-°p-hm≥ th≠n izm- k n- I - f mb IΩyq-
tIc-f-Ønse Xo{h-hm-Z-i-‡n-Iƒ WnÃp-Imsc IpØn-\n-d®v
t £ { X k ¶ - e v ] -
\S-Ønb _lp-hn[ \o°-ß-fn¬ sØXs∂ A]-I-S-s∏-Sp-
Nne- X m- b n- c p∂p amdmSpw Øp- h m- \ p≈ \o°hpw
sXmSp-]p-g-bnep-sams° I≠-Xv. Hcp `mK-Øp-≠v. lnμp-°-
fpsS [m¿ΩnIaqey-ßsf
Im‰n¬ ]d-Øm≥ A[n-Im-cn-Ifpw cmjv{So-b-°mcpw
\S-Øp∂ \o°-߃ CX-c-a-X-ß-tfmSv ImWn-°p-∂n-
s√-∂n-S-ØmWv Cu {]hr-Øn-I-sf√mw \n›n-X-amb
KqVm-tem-N-\-bpsS `mK-am-sW∂v hcp-∂-Xv.
lnμp- ° ƒ°v a‰p cmPy- ß - f n¬ A`bw
tXtS≠ ÿnXn-bmWv C∂p-≈-Xv. AXv km≤y-hp-a-
√. apKƒ`-c-W-Im-eØv lnμp-°ƒ kz¥w cmPyØv
"Pknb' F∂ aX-\n-IpXn \¬In-bmWv Pohn-®-Xv.
aX-{`m-¥-\mb _m_¿ Atbm-≤y-bnse {iocm-a-P-
∑-ÿm-\Øv \S-Ønb Incm-X-amb {]hr-Øn-Iƒ \ap-
°- d n- b mw. Atbm- ≤ y- b nse ap…n- ß ƒt]mepw
AsXmcp akvPn-Zmbn AwKo-I-cn-®n-´n-√. C¥y-bn-sem-
cn-SØpw akvPnZv \n¿Ωn-°p-∂-Xn¬ ap…n-ßsf lnμp-
°ƒ XS-™n-´pan-√.AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ Atbm-≤y-
bnse {iocm-a-t£{Xw Ncn-{X-]-c-amb Hcm-h-iyw-Iq-
Sn-bm-Wv. AXn-\m¬ AXv lnμp-°ƒ°v hn´p-sIm-Sp-
°p-I. ]s£, ChnsS {]oW-\m-flI cmjv{Sob\o°-
߃ \SØn AsXmcp ap…nw Bcm-[-\m-e-b-am-°n-
Øo¿°p- h m\pw {]iv \ - ß sf k¶o¿Æ- a m- ° p- h m-
\pap≈ {ia-ßfmWv \S-°p-∂-Xv.
`mc-X-Ønse GsXmcp t£{Xhpw B{i-ahpw
aT-hp-sa√mw ÿm]n-®n-´p-≈Xv Bfl-km-£m-XvIm-c-
Øn-te-°p≈ e£ysØ ap≥\n¿Øn-bm-Wv. AtXm-
sSm∏w Xs∂ XmPva-l¬, IpØ-_vao-\m¿ Xp-S-ßnb
kvamc-I-a-μnc-ß-sf√mw ImØp-t]m-cp-∂-Xn\v `mc-X-
kw-kvImcw Pm{KX ImWn-®n-´p-ap≠v. lnμp-hns‚
hnizm-k-k-¶-ev]-ß-fnse {]tXy-I-X-bmWv Ahs\
CXn\v k÷- \ m- ° p- ∂ - X v . AXn- Y n- I sf Cuiz- c -
Xpeyw BZ-cn-°p∂ at‰-sXmcp kwkvIm-c-amWv Cu
temI-Øp-≈Xv? temIm kakvXm kpJn-t\m -`-h¥p:
F∂-XmWv lnμp-hns‚ Poh-Xv≤¿Ωw. F∂m¬ CXv
lnμp-hns‚ Zu¿_-ey-ambn sX‰n-≤-cn®v aX-ku-
lm¿±sØ IS-]p-g°n C…m-ao-I-c-W-hpw, A\n-b-{¥n-
Xhpw hym]-I-hp-amb aX-{]Nm-cWw hgn ss{IkvX-
ho-I-c-Whpw \S-∏n-em-°p-hm-\p≈ {ia-ß-fmWv C∂v
\S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
1186 I∂n
ln-μp-hn-iz-
 Fw.-Sn.-[\y
k¿∏-sa∂ _nw_w a\p-jys‚ tNX-\-
sbbpw `mh-\-sbbpw t_m[-D-]-t_m-[-sØbpw
Hcp-]mSv kzm[o-\n-®p-Im-Wp-∂p. "BSp- ]mtº,
]p\w tXSp ]mtº, bcp˛/ fm\- μ - ° qØp
I≠mSp ]mtº!' F∂p XpS-ßp∂ {io\m-cm-b-
W-Kp-cp-hns‚ "Ipfi-en-\n-∏m´v' Ipfi-en-\n-i-
‡nbv ° v k¿∏m- I m- c - a mWv F∂ `mc- X ob
k¶¬]-Øn\v ASn-h-c-bn-Sp-∂p. ]pcm-W-ß-fn¬
hnjvWp-hns‚ iø-bmbpw i¶-cs‚
B`- c - W - a mbpw IrjvW- ] m- Z -
߃°p \rØ-th-Zn-bm-bn-Øo¿∂
Al-¶m-c-°m-fn-bs‚ ]Øn-bmbpw
Hs° \mK-߃ IS∂phcp-∂p-≠v.
AXp-sIm-≠mhmw `mc-X-`q-an-bn¬
\mKm-cm-[\ {]N-cn-®-Xv.
Aßs\ Nne kaql߃
\mK-ßsf Bcm-[n-°p-tºmƒ a‰p
kaq-l-߃ shdp-°p-Ibpw sNøp-
∂p. BZ-sØbpw lΔ-sbbpw BZn-
]m-]-Ønte°p \bn-®Xv k¿∏-am-
I- b m¬ {Inkv X p- a Xw kzoI- c n®
bqtdm-]y≥ \mSp-I-fn¬ ]mºv im]w In´nb
Pohn-bmWv. ]m›m-Xy-ssh-Zy-imkv{XØns‚
{]XoIw k¿∏m-Ir-Xn-bn-ep-ff Zfim-Wv. {Ko°v
]pcm-W-Øn¬ ac-W-a-S™ Fkvt¢]n-bq-kn\v
]p\¿P∑w sImSp-ØXv \mK-ßfpsS klm-b-
tØm-sS-bm-W-s{X. AXns‚ Hm¿a--bmWv Cu
1186 I∂n
ln-μp-hn-iz-
{]Xo-Iw. Ie-bnepw Bcm-[-\-bnepw kz]v\-
Ønepw Aßs\ a\p-jy-\p-ambn _‘-s∏-
Sp∂ ]e-Xnepw `btam Ad-t∏m kvt\ltam
tXm∂n- ° p∂ Hcp k¶o¿W{]Xo- I - a mbn
\mK߃ IS-∂p-h-cp-∂p.
temI- Ø n¬ ]e cmPy- ß - f nepw
k¿∏m-cm-[-\-bpsS hgn-Iƒ ImWm-sa-¶nepw
{]Np-c{- ]-Nmcw t\Sn-bXv C¥y-bn-em-Wv. ssN\,
P∏m≥, {ioe-¶, CuPn-]vXv, Pmh
F∂n-hn-Sß - f- nepw k¿∏ßsf Bcm-
[n-®p-h-cp-∂p-≠v. kn‘p-\-Zo-X-S-kw-
kv I m- c - Ø nepw \mKm- c m- [ - \ - b psS
kzm[o\w Is≠- Ø m≥ Ign- b pw.
{_m“-W-cpsS BK-a-\-Øn\p apºp-
Xs∂ C¥y-bn¬ Pohn-®n-cp∂ ]pcm-
X-\-h¿K°m-cmb \mK-∑m-¿ k¿∏m-
cm-[\ \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂Xmbn Ncn{Xw
]d-bp-∂p. _p≤-˛-ssP\ aXßfnepw
\mKm-cm-[-\-bpsS kzm[o\w ImWp-
∂p≠v . _u≤- ∑ m¿ \mKm- c m- [ \
kzoI-cn-®Xv BZn-hm-kn-I-fn¬\n-∂m-
sW∂v \c- h wiimkv { X- ⁄ ¿ ]d- b p- ∂ p.
]n∂oSv \mKm- c m- [ \ C∂sØ \ne- b n¬
ssihm-cm-[-\-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´v hn]p-e-amb
Hcm-cm-[-\m-co-Xn-bm-bXv G.Un F´mw \q‰m-
≠n\p tij-am-Wv.
25
 ]n¬°m-eØv C¥y-bn¬
]e ÿeØpw \mKm-cm-[\ hym]-
I-am-b-Xmbn ImWmsa¶nepw tIc-
f-Øn¬ CXn\v ÿm\w IqSp-X-em-
Wv. \mKm-cm-[\ F∂p XpSßn
F∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn®v IrXy-amb IW-
°p-I-sfm-∂p-an-√. F¶nepw C∂v
ChnsS {]N- c n- ° p- ∂ Xv tIc-
tfm¬]-Øn-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´ sFXn-ly-ßfpw alm-
`m-c-X-Ønse IY-I-fp-am-Wv. tIc-f-Ønse \mKm-cm-
[-\°v aqhm-bncw h¿jsØ ]g-°-ap-s≠∂p Icp-
Xp-∂p. k¿∏m-cm-[-\bpw k¿∏-°m-hp-Ifpw tIc-f-kw-
kvIm-c-Øns‚Xs∂ `mK-am-Wv. tIcfw Hcp-Im-eØv
k¿∏-ß-fpsS Bhm-k-tI-{μ-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v ]d-b-
s∏-Sp-∂p. \n_n-U-amb h\-߃sIm≠v \nd™ ae-
\n- c - I ƒam{X- a m- b n- c p∂p Hcp- I m- e Øv tIc- f w.
tIcfØns‚ Ingt° AXn¿Øn-bn-ep-ff ]¿Δ-X-\n-
csb klym{Zn F∂p hnfn-®p-h-cp-∂-Xn-\p-ff Imc-
Ww-Xs∂ k¿∏-ß-fp-ambn AXn\p _‘-ap≠v F∂-
Xm-Wv. k Aln A{Zn F∂nh tN¿∂-mWv klym{Zn
F∂ ]Zw Dcp-Øn-cn™ph∂-sX∂v hniz-kn-°-s∏-
Sp-∂p. k¿∏-߃ \nd™ ]¿ΔXw F∂ A¿∞-
Øn¬ ]pcm-W-ß-fnepw a‰pw Cu ]¿Δ-X-\n-csb ]cm-
a¿in-®n-´p-≠v.
\mKm-cm-[\ ]cs° Ds≠-¶nepw \mb¿X-d-
hm-Sp-I-fn¬ {]tXyI ÿm\w-sIm-SpØv BN-cn-®p-h-
∂n-cp-∂p. ]pcm-W-ß-fn¬ ]cm-a¿in®n´p-ff \mK-
∑mcpsS ]n∑p-d-°m-cmWv \mb-∑m-cmbn amdn-bXv F∂v
Ncn{X]T-\-Øns‚ Hcp ho£Ww A\p-am-\n-°p-∂p-
≠v. Hmtcm Xd-hm-Sn-t\m-sSm∏hpw k¿∏-°m-hp-Iƒ
ImWpI ]Xn-hm-Wv. AhnsS hnti-jm¬ ]qPm-I¿a-
߃ sNøp-∂Xv C∂pw \S-∂p-h-cp-∂p. Imhp-I-fn¬
]qP sNøp-∂Xpw Ch¿X-s∂. BZy-Im-e-ß-fn¬
k¿∏-ß-fpsS k¶¬]-ßsfbmWv Bcm-[n-®n-cp-∂-
Xv. F∂m¬ Bcym-[n-\n-th-i-tØmsS \mK-hn-{Klw
{]Xn-jvTn-°p-Ibpw t£{X-߃ ]Wn-bp-Ibpw hn{K-
l-ßsf B[m-c-am°n ]qPm-I¿a-߃ A\p-jvTn-°p-
Ibpw sNbvXp. \mKm-cm-[-\-bmWv lnμp-a-X-hn-izm-
kn-Iƒ C∂pw A\p-jvTn-®p-t]m-
cp-∂-Xv.
AXn- { ]m- N o- \ - I mew
apX¬s° I≠p-h-cp∂ \mKm-
cm- [ - \ - b p- a mbn _‘- s ∏´
t£{X-ßfpw Imhp-Ifpw Xd-
hm-Sp-Ifpw tIc-f-Øn¬ [mcm-f-
ap- ≠ v . F∂m¬ {][m- \ - s ∏- ´ -
Xmbn Adn- b - s ∏- S p- ∂ hbpw
26
sFXn-ly-ß-fm¬ hebw sNø-
s∏- ´ - h bpw aqs∂- Æ - a m- W v.
Xr»q¿ Pn√-bnse apIp-μ-]pcw
Xmeq-°nse ]mºp-ta-bv°mSpw
aÆm-d-»m-ebpw sh´n-t°m-Spw.
Cu aq∂pÿeØpw k¿∏m-cm-
[\ \S-Øp-hm-\p-≠mb kml-
N-cy-sØ-°p-dn®v sFXn-ly-ßf - p-
≠v. Hcp-Im-eØv Zmcn-{Zy-Øns‚ B[n-Iy-Øm¬ hf-
sc-b-[nIw ZpxJnX-\m-bn-cp∂ ta°mSv C√sØ Hcp
\ºq- X ncn Xncp- h - © n- ° pfw t£{X- Ø n¬\n∂v
{]m¿∞n-®-Xns‚ ^e-ambn \mK-cm-Pm-hmb hmkpIn
\ºq-Xn-cn-tbm-sSm∏w Hme-°p-S-∏p-d-Øn-cp∂v ta°mSv
C√-sØ-Øn. C√sØ Zmcn{Zyw amdp-Ibpw hmkpIn
B C√Øv IpSn-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. A∂p-ap-X¬
ta°mSv C√w ]mºp-ta-°mSv F∂ t]cn¬ Adn-b-
s∏-´p.
Im¿Ø-ho-cym¿÷p-\-\p-am-bp-≠mb G‰p-ap-
´-en-s\-Øp-S¿∂v ]c-ip-cm-a≥ £{Xnb-hw-i-sØ-bm-
I-am\w D∑q-e\w sNøp-Ibpw ]m]-]-cn-lm-cm¿∞w
{_m“-W¿°v `qZm\w \¬Im\pw \n›-bn-®p. AXn-
\p- t h≠n ]›n- a - k - a p- { Z- Ø n¬\n∂v Hcp `q{]- t Z-
isØ D≤-cn®p. £mcm-[n-Iy-Øm¬ hmk-tbm-Ky-a-
√m-Xn-cp∂ B {]tZiw \mK-cm-Pmhv ]c-ip-cm-as‚
Bh-iy-{]-Imcw ^e-`q-bn-jvT-am-°p-Ibpw hr£-
߃ \nd™ Cu {]tZiw Xs‚ Bÿm-\-am-bn-cn-
°p-sa∂v Adn-bn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. A\-¥cw ]c-
ip-cm-a≥ hnjvWp-kz-cq-]-amb A\-¥-t\bpw inh-a-
b-amb hmkp-In-tbbpw GI-`m-h-Øn¬ {]Xn-jvTn-®p.
Xs‚ injy- c n¬ {][m- \ n- b mb Hcp {_m“- W \v
at{¥m-]-tZ-i-ßfpw \mK-]q-P-bv°p-ff k¿Δm-[n-Im-
c-ßfpw \¬In.B {_m“-Ws‚ ]n∑p-d-°m¿ hn[n-
{]-Imcw ]qPm-hn-[n-I-f-\p-jvTn-®p-t]m-∂p. Aß-s\-bn-
cns° A·n A¿-÷p-\s‚ klm-b-tØmsS Jmfi-
h-h\w Zln-∏n-®p. B XoPzme Ing-t°m´v ]S¿∂v
]c-ip-cm-a≥ k¿∏-{]-XnjvT \S-Ønb Imhp-hsc
hym]n-®p. CXp-I≠v A∂v C√-Øp-≠m-bn-cp∂ AΩ-
am¿ Ipf-Øn¬\n∂v shffw tImcn Xo sISp-Øp-I-
aqew Imhv \in- ® n- √ . A·n
sI´-S-ßn-bn´pw C√sØ AΩ-
am¿ aÆns‚ NqSm-dp-∂-Xp-hsc
shf-f-sam-gn-°-bm¬ B ÿe-
Øn\v aÆm-d-»me F∂v t]cv
kn≤n-®p.
aÆm-d-»me t£{X-Øns‚
D¬]-Øn-]m-T-t`-Z-amWv sh´n-
t°mSv t£{X-Øn-\p-f-f-Xv. ]c-
ip-cm-a≥ ]m]-]-cn-lm-cm¿∞w
1186 I∂n
ln-μp-hn-iz-
{_m“-W\v Zm\w-sNbvX `qan eh-Wmw-i-ap-f-f-Xm-b-
Xn-\m¬ AXn-√m-Xm-°m≥ A\-¥s\ X]- p-sNbvXv
{]Xy- £ - s ∏- S p- Ø p- I bpw A\- ¥ ≥ ]c- i p- c m- a s‚
B{Klw km[n-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXn¬
k¥p-jvS-\mb ]c-ip-cm-a≥ Akp-c-in¬]n-bmb ab-
s\-s°m≠v A\-¥-hn-{K-l-ap-≠m°n Xs‚ Bbp-[-
amb agp D]-tbm-Kn®v aÆv sh´n-°q´n hn{Klw {]Xn-
jvTn-®p. CXp-aqew B ÿe-Øn\v sh´n-t°mSv F∂
t]cv e`n®p F∂pw sFXn- l yw. Cu aq∂p
t£t{Xm¬]Øn sFXn-ly-ßfpw ]e ]e ]mT-t`-
Z-ß-tfm-sS-bmWv \ne-\n¬°p-∂-Xv. Ch IqSmsX
tIc-f-Øns‚ ]e `mK-ß-fnepw hnhn[ kap-Zm-b-
°m¿ ]qPmZnI¿a-߃ sNøp∂ \mKm-cm-[-\m-t£-
{X-ß-fp-≠v. aqØ-Ip∂w t£{Xw, sIm®p-f-fn-t°m´p
t£{Xw, Be-∏p-gb -- nse sN∂n-Øe t\cq¿t£{Xw,
hf-fn-°mhv t£{Xw XpS-ßn-bh {][m-\-t£-{X-ß-
fn¬ Nne-Xp-am-{Xw. aÆm-d-»me, ]mºp-ta-°m´v F∂o
t£{X-ß-fn¬ kv{XoIƒ°mWv ]qPm-Zn-I¿a-߃
sNøm- \ p- f f Ah- I miw F∂Xv {]mNo- \ - I mew
apX¬t° \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ kv{Xo{]m-Xn-\n-[y-Øns‚
Ah-ti-jn-∏p-I-fn¬ Nne-Xp-am-{Xw.
\mKm-cm-[\
- bpw Iebpw
]pf-fp-h≥]m-´n\v k¿∏m-cm-[-\-bn¬ At`-Zy-
amb ÿm\amWp-≈Xv. \mK-ß-sf-bmWv ]pf-fp-
h≥]m´n-eqsS kvXpXn-°p-∂-Xv. ]pf-fp-h-∑m-cpsS
D¬]- Ø n- s b- ∏ ‰n ck- I - c - ß - f mb IY- I ƒ \ne-
\n¬°p-∂p≠v. ]c-ip-cm-as‚ Bh-iy-{]-Imcw tIc-
f-Øn-se-Ønb k¿-∏-ßsf {_m“-W¿ `b-`-‡n-_-
lp-am-\-ß-tfmsS Bcm-[n-®p. Ime-{I-taW Bcm-[-
\-bn¬ {_m“-W¿ A{i-≤ ImWn®pXpS-ßn. tIm]n-
jvT-cmb k¿∏-߃ `qan-bn¬ Zp¿\n-an-Ø-߃ hcp-
Øn. `oXn-]q≠ {_m“-W¿ {_“-tZ-hs\ `Pn-®p.
At∏mƒ sshIp-fi-Øn¬ FØnb \mc-Z≥ Xs‚
\mK-ho-Wm-em-]-\-Øm¬ Gh-tcbpw BÀm-Zn-∏n-®p.
aÆm-d-»me, ]mºp-ta-°m´v F∂o
t£{X-ß-fn¬ kv{XoIƒ°mWv
]qPm-Zn-I¿a-߃ sNøm-\p-ff
Ah-Imiw F∂Xv {]mNo-\-Imew
apX¬t° \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂
kv{Xo{]m-Xn-\n-[y-Øns‚
Ah-ti-jn-∏p-I-fn¬ Nne-Xp-am-{Xw.
1186 I∂n
ln-μp-hn-iz-
CtX coXn-bn¬ `qan-bn¬ \mK-{]oXn hcp-Øp-∂-Xn-
\mbn \mc-Z≥ \mK-ho-Wbpw Ipsd Z¿`bpw h®v ad-
™p. {Xnaq¿Øn- I ƒ Z¿`- ∏ p- √ n- \ m¬ hoWbpw
IpShpw Xmfhpw krjvSn-®p. _m°n h∂ Z¿`-∏p-√p-
IƒsIm≠v AXp- ] - t bm- K n- ° p∂ a\p- j y- t cbpw
krjvSn-®p. Cu a\p-jy-cmWv ]pf-fp-h¿ F∂v hniz-
kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. as‰m∂v Jmfi-h-h\ Zl\ImeØv
h\-Øn¬\n∂v X£-Is\ Hcp kv{Xo Xs‚ IpS-
Øn¬h®v c£-s∏-Sp-Øn. {]oX-\mb X£-I≥ B
IpSw ao´n D≠m-°p∂ cmKw Xs‚ kt¥m-j-Øn\p
Imc-W-amhpw F∂-dn-bn-®p. B kv{XobpsS ]n∑p-d-
°m-cmWv ]pf-fp-h¿ F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-X-s{X.
Imhy-tem-I-tØ°p {]th-in-®mepw {]ap-J-
cmb ]e Fgp-Øp-Imcpw k¿∏m-cm-[-\-sb-∏‰n {]Xn-
]m-Zn-®n-´p-f-fXp ImWmw. Fw.-Sn.-bpsS \mep-sI-´n¬
Hcp \mb¿X-d-hm-Sns‚ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-
°-s∏-Sp∂ Imhpw A\p-jvTm-\-ßfpw ImWmw. hb-
em¿(-Hcp ssZhw-Iq-Sn), Un. hn\-b-N-{μ≥(-Ãp-Un-tbm),
sshtem-∏n-f-fn(-k¿∏-°m-Sv), H.-F≥.-hn(-Hcp Xpffn
shfn-®w), Nß-ºp-g(-a-\-kzn-\n) XpS-ßn-b-h¿ CØ-
c-Øn¬ Ihn-Xs - b-gp-Xn-bh
- c
- n¬ Nne-cm-Wv. \mS≥]m´p-
I-fnepw \mK-߃°v {]m[m-\y-ap--≠v. hrØ-Ønepw
cmK-Ønepw \mK-ß-fpsS kzm[o\w ImWmw. ]mºp-
I-fpsS k©m-c-N-e-\sØ i_vZw-sIm≠v krjvSn-
°p∂ hrØ-amWv "AP-K-c-K-a\w.' ]mºp-Iƒ°n-jvS-
s∏´ cmK- a mWv "]p∂- K - h - c m- f n' F∂p ]d- ™ p-
tIƒ°p-∂p. i¶-cm-`-cWw (i-¶-cs‚ B`-cWw \mK-
cm-Pm-hmb hmkp-In-bmWv.) F∂ cmKhpw {]kn-≤-
am-W-t√m. k¿∏-_-en-bpsS {][m\ NS-ßmb Ifw-
h-c-bv°¬ Nn{X-I-em-cw-K-Øp-ff hnZ-Kv[-amb Ign-
hns\ {]Xn-\n-[m\w sNøp-∂p.
k¿∏-]qP
\mKm-cm-[-\-bpsS Hcp {][m\ hgn-]m-Smtbm
A\p-jvTm-\-amtbm k¿∏-_-ensb hne-bn-cp-Ømw.
I∂n-˛-Xpemw amk-ß-fnse Bbn-ey-amWv k¿∏-
27
]q- P bv ° v {][m-
\w. k¿∏-{]o-Xn-
°p- t h- ≠ n- b mWv
k¿∏- _ en \S-
Øp- ∂ - X v . \mK-
°fw, ]mºn-\mfw
F∂o t]cp-I-fn-
emWv k¿∏-_en
\m´n≥]p-dß - f- n¬
Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.
]pf-fp-h≥]m-
´ns‚ AI- º - S n-
tbmsS Ifw-h-c®v ]qP-I-gn-°p-∂Xv CXns‚ {][m-\-
I¿a-am-Wv. Ipcp-tØm-e-hn-Xm-\-ap-ff afi-]-Øn-¬
DW-°-e-cn, a™ƒ, Dan, ]®ne Ch s]mSn-®mWv
Ifw hc-bv°p-I. Xd-bn¬ Dan-°cn D]-tbm-Kn®v \mK-
ßsf hc-®v hyXykvX \nd-߃ sImSp-°p-∂p. Nnc-
´-bpsS Zzmc-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv s]mSn-Iƒ Ifw hc-bv°m-
\mbn IS-Øn-hn-S-p-∂-Xv. \mK-ß-fpsS Nn{Xw hc-bv°m-
\p-ff ]pf-fp-h-cpsS sshZ-Kv[y-am-Wn-hnsS ImWm-\m-
hp-I. Ifw hc-®p Ign™v \mK-]qP Bcw-`n-°p-∂p.
Krl-Ønse {][m\ ]pcp-j≥ HcmgvN {hX-sa-Sp-
ØmWv CXn\p hcn-I. If-Øns‚ \mep aqe-I-fn¬
\ne-hn-f°p sImfp-Øn-sh-°p-∂p. s\√v, Acn, tXß,
Cf-\o¿, Ahn¬, ]gw, ae¿, \qdv, ]mev apX-em-b-
hbpw \mep-`m-K-Øp-ambn sh°p-∂p. sh‰n-e, Ihp-
ßn≥ ]q°p-e, AS-bv°, hm¬°-Æm-Sn, Z£nW
F∂nh ]Sn-™m-dp-`m-KØv shbv°p-w. ]n∂oSv ]pf-
fp-h∑ -- m-cpsS \n¿t±-i{- ]-Imcw ]qhv, Pew, [q]w, A·n
F∂nh A¿∏n®v ]qP-bm-cw-`n-°p-∂p. tIm¬Øn-cn-
Iƒ IØn®v {]Z-£n-Ww, I¿∏qcw IØn®v {]Z-
£nWw F∂nh CXns‚ XpS¿I¿a-ßfm-Wv. ]n∂oSv
ho´nse F√m AwK-ßfpw {][m-\-]q-Pm-cnsb A\p-
K-an®v k¿∏-°m-hn-te°v sXßn≥]q-°pe h® In≠n-
bp-ambn t]mbn {]m¿∞n-°p-∂p. c≠v s]¨Ip-´n-Isf
hm¬°-Æm-Snbpw ]q°p-e-bp-ambn If-Øn-en-cp-Øp-
∂p. k¿∏-^-W-Øn\p t\sc ZrjvSnbpd-∏n-®n-cn-°p∂
ka-bØv ]qPbpw ]m´pw XpS-cp-∂p. ]m´ns‚ Xmf-
Øn-s\mØv s]¨Ip-´n-I-fm-Sn-Øp-S-ßp-Ibpw ]q°p-
e-sIm≠v Ifw ambv°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-tXmsS ]qP
Ah-km-\n-°p-∂p. C{]-Im-c-amWv k¿∏-_en \S-Øp-
∂-Xv. k¿∏-_en \S-Øp∂ ÿe-Øp-h∂v k¿∏-
߃ _en kzoI-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂mWv hnizmkw. A\-
¥≥, hmkpIn, X£-I≥, Im¿t°m-S-I≥, ]fl≥,
alm-]-fl≥, iwJ-]-fl≥, Kpfn-I≥ XpS-ßnb AjvS-
\m-K-ß-fmWv {][m\ Bcm-[-\m-aq¿Øn-Iƒ. IqSmsX
Xd-hm-Sp-I-fn¬ aWn-\m-Kw, ARvP-\-a-Wn-\m-Kw, Icn-
28
\mKw F∂n-h-sb-
°qSn Bcm-[n-°p-
∂-Xmbn I≠p-h-
cp-∂p. sslμ-h] - p-
cm-W-ß-sf-°q-
SmsX ss__n-fn-
epw, {Ko°p-]p-cm-
W- Ø nepw Jpdm-
\nepw hnizm-kß- -
fp-ambn _‘-s∏-
SpØn \mK-ß-sf-
°p-dn®v {]Xn-]m-Zn-
°p-∂p-≠v.
BNm-c߃°pw A\p-jvTm-\-߃°pw
hnizm-k-߃°pw kaq-l-Øn-ep-ff kzm-[o\w Hcn-
°epw Ipd-bp-∂n-√. a\p-jys‚ hnizm-k-߃°v
{]Ir-Xn-{]-Xn-`m-k-ß-fp-ambn _‘-ap-≠v. Imhp-Iƒ
\ne- \ n¿Øp- ∂ - X n¬ a\p- j y¿°p- ≠ m- b n- c p∂
Hu¬kpIyw Ah-cpsS Btcm-Ky-]-cn-]m-e-\-Øns‚
`mK-am-bn-cp-∂p. am{X-a√ At\-Im-bncw C\w ]£n-
I-fpsSbpw Pohn-h¿K-ß-fp-sSbpw sskzc-amb hmk-
ÿ-e-hp-am-bn-cp∂p Imhp-Iƒ. Imhp-Iƒ kwc-£n-
°p-I-aq-ew Ddhh‰mØ Pe-t{km-X- p-Iƒ D≠m-
bn-cp-∂p. h¿≤n-®p-h∂ h\-\-io-I-c-Whpw \K-c-h-
XvI-c-Whpw ]e Imhp-I-fp-sSbpw \mi-Øn\p Imc-
W-am-bn. B[p-\n-I-tI-c-f-Øn¬ sXmÆqdp iX-
am\w Imhp-Ifpw \in®pIgn-™-Xmbn ]T-\-߃
kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. \mKm-cm-[-\bpw Imhp-Ifpw A‘-
hn-izm-k-ambn am{Xw IW-°m-°p∂ B[p-\nI Xe-
apd Ch- s b√mw thtcmsS ]ngp- X p- a m‰n
Iq‰≥tIm¨{Io‰v sI´n- S - ß ƒ Db¿Øp- t ºmƒ
Ak-¥p-en-X-am-hp-∂Xv \Ωp-sS-Xs∂ \ne-\n¬]m-
Wv. HmIvkn-Ps‚ Afhv \ne-\n¿Øn kpJ-io-X-f-
amb Imem-h-ÿ {]Zm\w sNbvXn-cp∂ Imhp-Iƒ
]S¿∂p-]-¥-en® imJ-I-fmepw Ce-I-fmepw CSn-an-
∂-en¬\n-∂p-t]mepw Krl-߃°v c£-t\-Sn-s°m-
Sp-Øn-cp-∂p. Imhv F∂ ]Z-Øn-\¿∞w Xs∂ hr£-
ß-fpsS Iq´w F∂m-Wv. \mKm-cm-[-\-bpsS ^e-ambn
hr£-ß-fpsS XW-en¬ \mK-{]-Xn-jvT-Iƒ \S-Øp-
I- h gn Imhp- I ƒ hym]- I - a m- b n. ]d- º ns‚ Hcp
`mKØv k¿∏°mhn-\mbn Ipd®p ÿew am‰n-bn-Sp-
Ibpw k¿∏ßsf kwc-£n-®p-t]m-cp-Ibpw sNbvXn-
cp-∂p. ]mºpw a\p-jy\pw {]-Ir-Xn-bpw HØp-tN¿∂
Hcp Bhm-k-hy-hÿ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Imhp-Iƒ
klm-bn-®p. \mKm-cm-[-\-bpsS `mK-ambn \ne-\n-∂p-
h∂ {]IrXnkwc-£-W-Øns‚ ]mT-ß-fmWv \mw
apJy-ambpw a\- n-em-t°-≠-Xv.
1186 I∂n
ln-μp-hn-iz-
 tUm: {]ho¨`mbv sXmKm-Unb

p≠
s ‚ k l ]
- T
m- n-°p-ta¬ shSn-b
¿∞n X
b
-  
- I
p- m- c \
- mb kvIqƒhnZym hsd
„ Hº-X p-∂p. p- h
w P \ -° q´w _ v ss{U
h¿ j n-° -s∏-´-Xn-\p-t i j
n- b n¬ s ] ´v Hcmƒ sIm√ sF.
„ _  Im-e-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.
n-\ -S
≠ p-h -∂ -X n\v Hcp B¿.-Sn.-
a¿ ± n-® p-s hfn-®-Ø p-s I m-
s X ‰ mb CS-]m-Sp-Iƒ s nepw
„ Hc m- f ps S
-I ≥ s Im√-s∏-Sp-∂p. B ¿ s ° -¶nepw Fs¥-¶
{] h ¿ Ø e t b m
I-£n-bn-s -s∏-Sp-∂p.
n- b n-setbm FXcn¿mjv{So-b-{]-h¿Ø-I≥ sIm√
„ X s ‚ I £
n-b-Xn\v Hcp ´-cn-°s∏Sp-
{]iv\-ap-≠m-° s] ¨ I p´ n Poh-t\msS Nps
-[p-hmb
-Ø ns ‚ t]cn¬ \h-h ∞-\tbm
„ k v{ X o[ -\
tb m- kulrZ A`y¿
∂p. ` y¿ ∞ \
-
Xs‚ {]W-bm- n-s°m-√p-∂p.
m- c-{]m-b-°mc≥ ¨Ip-´nsb IpØ kv{Xo as‰mcp
„ H c p I u a
-X n\ v H c p s ] n- \ n- S - b n¬ H c p
\nc-kn- ® °p-∂-X
- s a - S p- ° p- ∂ - X n-\mbn hcn-\n¬ -
„ IpSn-shb -≈
s I me -s ∏ -Sp-Øp-∂p. r- Ø n-s \ -t b m, Snhn ImWp-∂
kv{Xos ß-fpsS k p. pl
p´ n- I -f mb Ipcp-∂pIƒ X ∏-Sp-Øp-∂
„ kvIqƒ ≠n AΩq-Ω-sbtbm sIme-s I
Xn-\p-th

Ign™ 10 h¿j-߃°n-S-bn¬ \ap-°p-

Np‰pw Bh¿Øn®p \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ kw`-
h-ß-fn¬ Npcp°w Nne DZm-l-c-W-ß-fm-Wn-h.
apºp-≠m-bn-cp∂ Bfp-Iƒ tZjy-s∏-Sm-dn-s√-∂√
CXp-sIm≠v kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. CXp-t]m-ep≈
kw`- h - ß ƒ apºp- ≠ m- b n- c p- ∂ n- s √- ∂ pa- √ .
F∂m¬ CØcw kw`-h-߃ Hcp \nXy-{]-Xn-
`m-k-am-bn-Øo¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v \nco-£n-°p-I-
bm-Wv. Imc-W-߃, ÿe-߃, A¿∞-w, Bfp-
Iƒ Ch-sb√mw hyXy-kvX-am-bn-cp-∂n-cn°mw.
F∂n-cp-∂mepw hntZzjw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-hm-\p≈
am¿Kw G‰hpw amc-I-am-b-Xm-Wv. IqSp-X¬ kw`-
h-ß-fn-epw AXv Bcp-sS-sb-¶nepw ac-W-Øn-

1186 I∂n
ln-μp-hn-iz- 29

emWv Iem-in-°p-∂-Xv. ac-W-ap-
≠m- b n- s √- ¶ n¬Xs∂ IpSpw- _ -
Ønt\m hy‡nt°m I\Ø
\mi-am-bn-cn°pw ^ew. acn® Hcp
tcmKn-bpsS _‘p-°ƒ tUmIvS¿-
am-sc-bpw, Bip-]{XnPoh-\-°m-
scbpw, Bip-]{Xn hkvXp-h-l-
Ifpw B{I-an-°p-tºmƒ am{Xw
\Ωƒ {i≤n-°p∂p; A≤ym-]-I¿
Hcp Ip´nsb ASn-®p-sIm-√p-tºmƒ
As√-¶n¬ tIm]m-Ip-e-cmb c£n-
Xm-°ƒ A≤ym-]-Isc a¿±n-°p-
tºmgpw kvIqfns‚ hkvXp-h-l-
Iƒ \in-∏n-°p-tºmgpw \mw {i≤n-
°p-∂p. kzm`m-hn-I-am-bpw, tIm]-
Øn-\p≈ ImcWw km[p-X-bp-≈-
Xm-bn-cn-°mw, Nne-t∏mƒ Aß-s\-
bs√¶nepw. F∂n-cp-∂mepw Npcp-
ßn-bXv CØcw 3 hm¿Ø-I-sf-
¶n- e pw C√mØ Hcp Znh- k w
t]mepw IS-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂n-√.
Akz-ÿ-\m-hp-I, tIm]hpw
\oc- k hpw {]I- S n- ∏ n- ° pI Ch-
sb√mw kzm`m-hn-I-amb a\p-jy-{]-
Ir-X-am-Wv. \ΩpsS ]ucm-Wn-I-
km-ln-Xy-Øn¬t]mepw t{Im[w
\h-c-k-ß-fn¬ H∂m-Wv. F∂m¬
ChnSsØ {]iv\w AXns‚ {]I-
S- \ w Imc- W w Nn¥m- i q- \ y- a mb
{]hrØnbn- e qsS Bcp- s S- s b-
¶nepw Poh≥ \jvS-s∏-Sp∂ Ah-
ÿ- b m- W v . Nne- t ∏mƒ tIm]-
30
tØmsS s]cp-am- sh¬Øv sKbnw-kpt]mepw A[n-
dp-∂Xv kz¥-°m- \n-th-i-Is‚ kwkvIm-csØ `mc-
tcmSpw G‰hpw X- Ø ns‚ kwkvIm- c - a mbn
ASpØ Bfp-I- BtLm-jn-°-em-Wv.)
tfm-Sp-sam-s°-bm- {Kma-ß-fnepw sNdnb SuWp-
bn- c n°pw! as‰- I-fnepw hnhn[ kmaq-ln-I-\n-e-I-
√m- h - ¿ °p- s a∂ fn¬ \n∂pap≈ \nc-h-[n sNdp-∏-
t]mse, \ap °msc \Ωƒ I≠p-h-cp-∂p. IqSp-
°pw tNmZn-°m X¬t]cpw CXp-t]mse A\n-b-
≥ H∂p≠v ˛ {¥n-X-cm-b-h-c-√. AXn-\m¬ Bsc-
F¥p-sIm≠v?!! ¶n-epw Ipd®v {Iqc-amb kw`-h-ß-
C Ø c w fpsS t]cn¬ sNdp-∏-°msc ]nSn®v
{]Xn-I-cW- Ip‰w- N m¿Øp- h m≥ {ian- ® m¬;
at\m-`m-h-Øn\v AXv Hcp a≠-Ø-c-am-bn-cn-°pw.
Nne¿ k{º-Zm-b- ASpØ Bfp-I-sf-t∏mepw sIme-
ßsf Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. hnth-I- s∏-Sp-Øp-∂n-S-tØmfw FØp∂
ap≈ Hcmƒ s]s´∂v Ahn-th-I- CØcw {]Xn-Im-cm-flI t{Im[-
tØmsS s]cp- a m- d p- ∂ - X n\v {]-I-S-\-Øn\v hbt m enwKtam
{KlßfpsS \ne-am-‰sØ Nne¿ PmXntbm {]iv\-am-Ip-∂n√! Hcp
Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. C∂sØ Xe- sshZy- s Xm- g n¬ kzoI- c n- ® - b m-
ap-d°v t\cn-tS-≠n-h-cp∂ "Fen-]q- sf∂ \ne-bn¬ \n›n-X-amb Cu
®-If - n'sb Nne¿ Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. {]Xn- ` m- k - s Ø°p- d n®v {]K¤
Nne¿ Ip‰- s ∏- S p- Ø p- ∂ - X m- I s´ sskIym-{Sn-Ãp-am¿°v A`n-{]m-b-
s]mXpsh h¿≤n-®p-h-cp-∂-Xmb ap-≠m-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v F\n°v Dd-∏p-
Akz- ÿ - X - I - s f- b m- W v . Nne¿ ≠v . F∂m¬ C∂sØ `mc- X -
am[y-a-ß-sfbpw "Ien-bpKsØ'- Ønse P\-ß-fpsS s]cp-am-‰-sØ-
bp-sa√mw Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p! F¥n- °p-dn®v Af-°p-hm≥ ]m›mXy
s\-sb-¶nepw Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-sb- Af-hp-tIm¬ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn-
∂Xv hfsc Ffp-∏-Øn¬ c£-s∏- \p-]-I-cw, Hcp-]-s£ `mcXw AXn-
Sp-hm-\p≈ Hcp hgn-bm-Wv. Ip‰-s∏- s‚ A-¥- -Ø-bn¬\n∂pw hyXn-
Sp- Ø ¬ GsX- ¶ nepw hn[- Ø n- N- e n- ° p- ∂ - X n¬ Fs¥- ¶ nepw
ep≈ {]iv\] - c - n-lm-cw krjvSn-°p- DØcw Is≠- Ø p- h m≥ Ign-
∂n-√. CXv s]cp-am-‰-co-Xn°p ]pd- t™°pw. AXv Hcp IpSpw-_a - mbn
In- s e Bg- Ø n- e p≈
Imc-W-ß-f-psS ]pdsI
t]mIp-∂X - n\v klm-bn-
°p∂p, F∂m¬ AXv
`mc- X kwkv I m- c - Ø n
s‚ `mK-a-√. AXv hntZ-
in-Iƒ hym]n-∏n®Xpw
kw{I- a n- ∏ n- ® - X p- a mWv .
Ah- c p- s S Adn- b - s ∏-
Sp∂Xv Hcp k{º-Zm-b-
am- W v . (A- h - c - X ns\
kwkvIm-c-sa∂p hnfn-
°p- ∂ p. hcm≥t]m-
Ip∂ tIma¨
1186 I∂n
ln-μp-hn-iz-
ImWp-I-sb-∂-Xm-Wv. Ign™ 10
h¿j- a m- b n `mc- X - Ø nse Nne
hn`m-K-ß-fn¬ Ah-cpsS `mhn`qX-
Im-e-ßsf kw_-‘n®v Bi-b-
°p- g ∏w \ne- \ n¬°p- ∂ - X m- b n
tXm∂p- ∂ p. Zmcn{Zyw AXn¬
{][m\ ]¶p-h-ln-°p-∂p. F∂m
¬ CØcw {Iqc- a mb \nc- h [n
kw`-h-ß-ƒ \S-°p-∂Xv kº∂
IpSpw-_-ß-fn-em-sW∂pw tXm∂n-
t∏m-Ip-∂p. {]tXy-In®v kv{Xo[\-
a-cWw XpS-ßn-b-h-bn¬. Dt∑-j-
hm-\m-Ip-∂X - n-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ thK-
Øn¬, Hcmƒ kzbw thK-ta-dnb-
h-\m-sW∂p sXfn-bn-°phm-\p≈
hy{K- X - b n¬, hnP- b - I - c - a mb
ho£-Whpw A[nI {]Z¿i-\-hp-
amWv CØcw s]cp-am-‰-co-Xn-bpsS
]pd-Inse \n¿Wm-b-IL-SI߃.
C\n AXv GXv taJ- e - b ntem
Pohn-X-Ønse GsX-¶nepw sXm
gn¬ ta-J-e-bntem Bbm¬ t]m
epw IpSpw_w, hnZym- ` ym- k w,
_nkn-\- v, tIm¿∏-td-‰v, \nb-aw,
saUn-°¬, kmaqly{]ÿm-\-ß-
fnepw AXn- e p- ] cn cmjv { So- b -
Øn¬t]m-epw.
\ΩpsS thZ- ß fpw a‰p
t{ijvT-amb ss]Xr-Ihpw \sΩ
]Tn∏n®n-´p-≈Xv i{Xp Bsc-∂-dn-
bp-Ibpw AXn-\p-tijw Ahs\
Xo¿°p-∂-Xp-hsc B{I-an-°p-hm-
\p-am-Wv. Chn-sS-bmWv Imcyw InS-
°p-∂-Xv. `mc-X-Øns‚ bYm¿∞
i{Xp- h n- \ p- ] p- d sI t]mIm- s X,
AXv Pnlm- Z n Xo{h- h m- Z - a m- W v ,
cmjv{So-b-°mcpsS F√m {ia-ß-
fpw, am[y-a-߃, F≥.-Pn.H.-I-fmb
kmaq- l y- { ]- ÿ m- \ - ß ƒ F∂p
hnfn- ° - s ∏- S p- ∂ - h , _p≤n- P o- h n-
Ifpw atX-X-ccpw `mc-XsØ hgn-
sX-‰n-°p-I-bm-Wv. Cu kwhn-[m-b-
I¿ F¥mWv sNøp-∂Xv? Ah¿
XI¿∂ \nbaw ]n¥p-S-cp-Ibpw
`cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. PmXn-I-
fmbn Nn∂n-®n-Xd - nb lnμpkaqlw
ChnsS th≠- { X- b p- ≠ v . c≠v
1186 I∂n
ln-μp-hn-iz-
PmXn-Iƒ Ft∏mgpw XΩn-e-Sn-®p-
sIm-≠n-cn-°p--∂p. CØcw hrØn-
sI´ kq{X-[m-c-I-cpsS AXym-
{Klw Ah-km-\n-∏n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.
`mc-X-Ønse kz¥w Bfp-I-sf-
°mƒ Nne¿ IqSp-X¬ ka-∑m-cm-
Wv! -\yq-\-]-£-kw-h-cWw {]Jym-
]n®v H_n-kn-Iƒ, FkvknIƒ,
FkvSn- I ƒ F∂n- h -
cn¬\n- ∂ pw `£- W w,
tPmen, Xma-kw, hnZym-
`ym-kw, ]Ww F∂nh
X´n-sb-Sp-°p-∂p.
bYm¿∞- Ø n¬ `mc- X -
Ønse km[m-c-W-°m¿
hne-°-b-‰-Øn¬
Xf¿∂p-t]m-bn-cn-°p-Ib - m-
Wv. (Ip-d®p cmjv{So-b-
°m-cpsS aSn-»oe \nd-°m-
\mWv hne- ° - b ‰w!)
th≠Xpw AXn- e - [ n-
Ihpw cmjv{So-bm-[n-Imcw {]tbm-
Kn®v , km[m- c - W - ° m- c psS ASn-
ÿm\Imcy-߃ hsc X´n-sb-Sp-
°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. km[m-c-W-°m¿
Ip]n-X-cpw, Ak-¥p-jvS-cpw, Akz-
ÿcpw \ncm-i-cp-sam-s°-bm-Wv.
F∂n´pw km[m-c-W-°m-c≥
s]mXpsh Imcy-߃ Adn™pw
Cu kn≤m¥w Xs∂ ]n¥p- S -
cp∂p. bp≤w sNtø-≠Xv cmjv{S-
Øns‚ i{Xp- h n- t \m- S m- W v.
CXns\ tZi-kvt\lw F∂v hnfn-
°p-∂p. F∂m¬ {]iv\w km[m-
c-W-°m-c-t‚-X√. F∂n-´pw \nc-
h[n ÿe-ß-fn¬ Ahs‚ Ah-
Im- i - ß ƒ°p- t h≠n \njv ^ - e -
amb t]mcm-´-߃ \S°p-∂Xp
ImWmw. Ah≥ Ahs‚ tIm]
hpw \ncm- i bpw {]I- S n- ∏ n-
°p∂Xn¬, Nne cmjv{Sob A[n-
Imc˛Kp≠-I-fpsS kzm[o-\-^-e-
ambn sX‰n-≤-cn-°-s∏SpI-bmWv.
at\m-tcmK C‚¿s\‰v tkmjy¬
s\‰vh¿°nßv Nm\-ep-Ifpw AXp-
t]m-se-Xs∂bp≈ Snhn kocn-b-
ep-Ifpw A\p-I-cn®v Ip´n-Iƒ a‰p-
≈-hsc sIme-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ ImWn-
°p∂ hmk\ Hgn- h m- ° mw.
F∂m¬ IqSp- X ¬ cmjv { So- b
°mcpw CXn-\Iw Xs∂ \ncm-i-
cmb km[m-c-W-°m-cs\ Xo{h-hm-
Z-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃°mbn D]-tbm-
Kn-°p-I-bm-Wv. Nne-t∏mƒ Zriy-am-
[y-a-߃ t]mepw Bsc-sb-¶nepw
th≠Xpw AXn-e-[n-Ihpw
cmjv{So-bm-[n-Imcw {]tbm-Kn®v,
km[m-c-W-°m-cpsS ASn-
ÿm\Imcy-߃ hsc X´n-sb-
Sp-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. km[m-c-
W-°m¿ Ip]n-X-cpw, Ak-¥p-
jvS-cpw, Akz-ÿcpw \ncm-i-
cp-sam-s°-bm-Wv.
sIm√p∂tXm X\nsb Nmhp-
∂tXm Bb cwK-߃ ho≠pw
ho≠pw ImWn®v Kpcp- X - c - a mb
A]- c m[߃ sNøp- I - b m- W v !
Fs∂t∏mep≈ km[m- c - W -
°m¿°v CXv hnI-k-\-]-Y-Ønse
Hcp L´- a m- s W∂v Dd- ∏ p- ≠ v.
\n߃ F√m km[m-c-W-°mcpw
Rß-sf-t∏mseXs∂-bm-Wv. CXv
IS-∂p-t]mbn `mc-XØ - nse km[m-
c-W-°m¿ apº-tØ-°mƒ kam-[m-
\-Øn-te°pw kº-∂X - b
- n-te°pw
{]im- ¥ - X - b n- t e°pw aS- ß n- h -
cWw.
31
 tUm. atljv ]n.-bp.
hnj-Nn-In’ Bbp¿th-ZØns‚ F´p
imJ-I-fn¬ hfsc {]m[m\yap≈ H∂m-Wv. tIc-fw
Hcp DjvW-ta-Jem{]tZ-i-am-b-Xn-\m¬ hnj-P-¥p-
°ƒ ChnsS [mcm- f - a m- b n- ° m- W mw. hnj- Z wi\w
km¿h-{Xn-I-am-b-Xn-\m¬ AXv Btcm-Ky-Øn\v Kpcp-
X-c-amb `oj-Wn-bp-amWv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ tIc-
f-Ønse sshZ-y∑-m¿ hf-sc-°mew apºp-Xs∂ hnj-
Nn-In-’-sb-°p-dn®v Kth-jWw \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-
cpsS A\p-`-h-߃, \nco-£-W-߃, ]c-º-cm-K-X-
ambn Ah¿ kzmb- Ø - a m- ° nb Adnhv F∂n- h -
bn¬\n∂pw hnhn[ hnj-b-߃°p≈ Imem-\p-kr-
Xhpw {]tbm-P-\-{]-Z-hp-amb NnIn-’m-coXn Ah¿
hnI-kn-∏n-s®-Sp-Øp. F∂m¬ ]c-º-cm-KX hnj-ssh-
Zy-∑m¿ hnjw \n¿W-bn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Ah-cpsS
kz¥w k{º-Zmbw hnI-kn-∏n-s®-Sp-Øncp∂p. klym-
{Zn-bnepw AXns‚ Xmgvhc-bnepw [mcm-fambn I≠p-
h-cp∂ Huj-[-s®-Sn-Iƒ Ah¿ Is≠Øn. AXp-
sIm≠v efn-Xhpw F∂m¬ ^e-{]Zhp-amb acp∂p-
Ifpw NnIn-’m-co-Xnbpw Ah¿ hnI-kn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠p-
h-∂p. CsXm∂pw Bbp¿th-Z-{K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬ ImWm≥
Ign-bp∂X√.
hnj-Nn-In’ hnj-hn-Zy, hnj-sshZyw F∂n-
ßs\ c≠v D]-hn-`m-K-ß-fmbn Xncn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. hnj-
hnZy a{¥-{]-tbmKw sIm≠v hnjsØ \nb-{¥n-°p-
∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®pw, hnj-sshZyw Huj-[{- Z-hy-߃ D]-
32
tbm-Kn-®p-sIm-≠v hnjw \nb-{¥n-°p-∂X - n-s\-°p-dn®pw
]d-bp-∂p. hnj-hnZy hnj-ssh-Zy-tØ-°mƒ IqSp-X¬
^e-{]-Zhpw i‡n-a-Øp-am-sW∂p ]d-™p-h-cp-∂p.
kp{ip- X m- N m- c y¿ kp{ip- X - k w- l nX Iev ] - ÿ m- \ -
Øn¬ hnj- N n- I n- ’ - b nse a{¥- { ]- t bm- K - Ø ns‚
{]m[m-\y-sØ-°p-dn®v Cßs\ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p:
""tZh-{_-“¿jn`n t{]‡ a{¥-kXy Xt]m-ab
`h¥n
\m A\yY £n{]w hnjw l\yp kpZp-kvXmcw
hnjw
tXtPm-abo a{¥o kXy-_-“-t]m-abo bYm
\nhm-cytX
£n{]w {]tbm‡o \m XZu-j[o''.
(kp-˛-Iev] 5/9)
{_“¿jn-am-cpsS Bflm¿∞-amb a{¥-{]-tbm-
K-Øn\v D{K-amb hnjw-t]mepw s]s´∂v \in-∏n-°m-
\p≈ Ign-hp-≠v. a{¥-{]-tbmKw sIm≠v thK-Øn¬
NnIn-’n-°m-hp-∂-t]mse Huj-[-{Z-h߃-sIm≠v
hnjsØ \in-∏n-°m-\m-hn-√.
hnj-hnZy A`y-kn-°p-∂-Xn\v Atß-b-‰sØ
ka¿∏-Whpw ]cn-{i-ahpw Bh-iy-amWv.
A{X-bpw i‡n-a-Ømb a{¥-߃ _p≤n-]q¿Δ-
hpw {Iam-\p-kr-Xhpw Bbn am{Xta {]tbm-Kn-°m-
hq. A√m-Ø-]£w AXp-sIm-≠p-≈- tZm-j-^ew
a{¥-{]-tbm-‡m-hns\ am{X-a-√, A\-¥-c-X-e-ap-d-I-
1186 I∂n
ln-μp-hn-iz-
sfbpw _m[n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. Cu Imc-W-߃sIm≠v
hnj-hnZy Adn-hp-≈-h¿ ASpØ Xe-ap-d-bn-te°v
Cu hnZy ]I¿∂p-sIm-Sp-°m≥ ssha-\kyw ImWn-
®p. ]Xps° hnj-hnZy ipjvI-am-hp-Ibpw GI-tZiw
AkvX-an-°pIbpw sNbvXp.
as‰mcphiØv hnj-sshZyw efn-Xhpw kpc-£n-
X-hpw, hnj-hn-Zy-t]mse A`y-kn-°m≥ A[n-I-{]-
bXv\w Bh-iy-an-√m-ØXpw ^e-{]-Zhp-am-b-Xn-\m¬
IqSp-X¬ {]Nm-c-ap-≈-Xm-bn-Øo¿∂p. tIc-f-Ønse
hnj-ssh-Zy-]-c-º-c-bpsS ]q¿Æ-N-cn{Xw Adn-hn√.
Aev]w shfn®w Xcm≥ Ign-hp≈ Ipd-®p-kw-`-h-
߃ am{Xta \ΩpsS ssIh-i-ap-≈q. hnj-ssh-Zy-
k- { º- Z m- b - Ø ns‚ ]q¿h- ] n- X m- ° - ∑ m- c mbn c≠p
hy‡n-I-fmWv Hm¿Ωn-°-s∏Sp∂-Xv. \©p-≠-\m-Y\pw
sNdp-f∏´cpw. Ggv {KŸ-߃ A°m-eØv {]Nm-c-
Øn-en-cp-∂n-cp-∂p.-hn-j-\m-cm-b-Wo-bw, DZo-jw, DXv]-
ew, lc- t a- J - e , Ime- h - R v P - \ w, e£- W m- a r- X w,
AjvSmw-K-lr-Zbw CsX-√m-amWv tIc-fob hnj-Nn-
In-’-bpsS ASn-ÿm\ {KŸ-ß-fmbn ]cn-K-Wn-°-
s∏´ph-cp-∂-Xv. ]p≈n-bm¿ ]mSew -t]mep-≈ IrXn-
Ifpw {]Nm-c-Øn-en-cp-∂p. CsX√mw hnj-Nn-In-’-
°p≈ a{¥-{]-tbm-Khpw Huj-[-{]-tbm-Khpw AS-ßn-
b-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. A°m-eØv a{¥-ßfpw Huj-[-{Z-hy-
ßfpw Hcp-t]mse hnj-Nn-In-’°v D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂p.
Huj-[ß -- ƒ D]-tbm-Kn®v hnj-Øn\v am{X-ambn
NnIn-’n-°p∂ Hcp k{º-Zmbw Bcw-`n-®Xv {]i-kvX-
hn-j-ssh-Zy\mb tIm°c \ºq-Xn-cn-bm-sW-∂mWv
hniz-kn-®p-h-cp-∂-Xv. hnj-Nn-In-’-bnse Ggv ASn-
ÿm\IrXn-Iƒ°p-≈n¬ s]Sm-Ø-Xmb DZo-j-bn¬
hnj- Ø n\p≈ Huj- [ - { ]- t bm- K - ß - f mWv {][m- \ -
ambpw AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. "DZo-j-'bn¬\n∂pw Hcp
{]i-kvX- kmln-Xy-IrXn ]c-º-cm-K-X-hn-j-Nn-In’m
taJ-e-bn¬ D≠m-bn. Imcm´p \ºq-Xncn aWn-{]-hm-
f-ssi-en-bn-se-gp-Xnb "tPym’ym-\n-I'. DZoj F∂
hm°v N{μs‚ ]cym-bam-Wv. DZo-j-bn¬\n-∂mWv
N{μs\ {]Xo-I-h¬°-cn-°p∂ tPym’ym-\nI D≠m-
b-Xv. tPym’ym-\n-Ibnse acp∂p \n¿am-Whpw {In-
bm-{I-a-ßfpw s]mXpsh DZo-j-sb-bmWv ]n¥p-S-cp-
∂Xv.
tIc-fob hnj-ssh-Zy-k-{º-Zm-b-Øn¬ 21-˛mw
\q‰m-≠nep≠mb {][m-\-s∏´ Hcp IrXn hfsc {]i-
kvX-amb sIm®p-Æn-Ø-ºp-cms‚ {]tbm-K-k-ap-®-b-
am- W v . sIm®n- c m- P y- Ø nse 8˛m- a sØ cmPm- h mb
{]ikvX\mb Hcp hnj-ssh-Zy-\p-am-bn-cp-∂p. {]tbm-
K-k-ap-®-b-Øn¬ At±lw hnhn[ hnj-ssh-Zy-{K-Ÿ-
ß-fn¬ Nn∂n-®n-X-dn-°n-S-∂Xpw Xs‚ {]tbm-K-Øn-
eqsS hfsc ^e-h-Øm-sW∂p t_m[y-s∏-´-Xp-amb
1186 I∂n
ln-μp-hn-iz-
Adn-hp-Iƒ tImUo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. k¶o¿Æ-
amb hnhn[ hnj-_m-[-Iƒ°v hfsc efn-X-amb
NnIn-’m-co-Xnbpw ]e-t∏mgpw H‰-aq-en-I-fmb NnIn-
’m-]-≤-Xnbpw \S-∏n-em-°p-Ibpw AXn\p hfsc
ipt`m- Z ¿°- a mb ^em- \ p- ` - h hpw D≠m- h pIbpw
sNbvXp. C∂v hf-sc-b-[nIw Bfp-Iƒ {]tbm-K-k-
ap-®bw B{i-bn-°p-∂p-≠v. hnjN{μn-I, Nn{Xm-cq-Vw,
hnj-ssh-Zy-kw-{K-lw, hnj-ssh-Zy-km-ck - a
- p-®bw XpS-
ßnb Ir-Xn-Ifpw tIc-f-Ønse ]c-º-cm-KX hnj-
Nn-In-’sb kº-∂-am-°n-b-h-bm-Wv.
as‰mcp {][m- \ - I rXn ]nev ° m- e - Ø p- ≠ mb
{it≤-b-amb Hcp {KŸ-amb hn.-Fw. Ip´n-Ir-jvW-
ta-t\ms‚ "{Inbm-Iu-ap-Zn'-bm-Wv. CXv 1980-emWv
{]kn-≤o-I-cn-®-Xv. Xangv XpS-ßnb a‰p `mj-I-fn¬
\n∂p≈ {KŸ-ß-fn¬\n∂pw \nc-h[n hnj-ssh-Zy-
{K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬ \n∂p≈ hnh-c-ßfpw tiJ-cns®SpØ
hn]p-ea-- m-sbmcp {KŸ-am-Wn-Xv.
tIm°c \ºq-Xn-cn-bmWv Huj-[-߃ D]-tbm-
Kn®p. hnj-Øn\v am{Xw NnIn-’n-°p∂ k{º-Zmbw
sIm≠p-h-∂-sX∂v t\csØ ]d-™p. h¿j-߃°p-
apºp Xs∂ tIc-f-Ønse H´p-an° cmP-Ip-Spw-_-
ßfpw Cu ]mc-ºcyw ]n¥p-S¿∂p-t]m-∂n-cp-∂p. hnj-
Zwi\w A°m-eØv km¿h-{Xn-I-amb kw`-h-am-b-Xn-
\m¬ hnj-Nn-In-’, Hcp I¿Øhyw IqSn-bm-bn-cp-∂p.
hnjNnIn’ tkh\w am{X-ambn IW-°m-°-W-
sa∂pw AXn-\m¬ NnIn’ kuP-\yambn \¬I-W-
sa∂pw Hcp hnizmkw \ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂p. AXn-\m¬
kº-∂-Ip-Spw-_-߃-°p-am-{Xta Cu NnIn-’m-coXn
]n¥p-S¿∂p-t]m-cp-hm≥ km[n-®n-cp-∂p-≈q. IpSpw-_-
ß-fnse _p≤n-i-‡n-bp≈ GsX-¶nepw AwK-߃
hnj-Nn-In’ ]Tn-°p-Ibpw ASpØ Xe-ap-d-bn-te°v
33

ssIam- d n- t ∏m- c n- I - b p- a m- b n- c p∂p
]Xn-hv. a‰p IpSpw-_mw-K-ß-sf√mw
Irjnbpw a‰p hcp-am-\a - m¿K-ßfpw
B{i-bn-®p-t]m-cn-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-
∂- X n- \ m¬ hnj- s sh- Z y-
Øn¬\n∂pw hcp-am\w Bh-iy-am-
bn-cp-∂n√. Aßs\ cmP-Ip-Spw-_-
ß-fn¬ Hcp Xe-ap-d-bn¬\n∂pw
ASpØ Xe- a p- d - b n- t e°v hnj-
ssh-Zy-]m-cº - cyw XpS¿∂p-t]m-∂p.
ssPh-ssh-hn-≤yw sIm≠p kº-
∂-amb tIc-f-Øn¬ hnj-Nn-In-’-
°m- h - i y- a mb Huj- [ - s ®- S n- I ƒ
kar-≤-ambn D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. then-
∏-cp-Øn (Pergularia daemia), Ip∏-
a- ™ ƒ- ( Bixaorellana) sRm´m-
sRm- S n- b ≥(physalisMinima),
Im°-sØm-≠n(Trichosanthis
tricwpidesta) XpS-ßnb hnj-Nn-In-
’°v k¿h km-[m-c-W-bmbn D]-
tbm-Kn-®p-h-cp-∂-h-sb√mw \ΩpsS
]c-º-cm-KX hnj-ssh-Zy-Øns‚
kw`m-h-\-bm-Wv. arX-k-RvPo-h-\n,
Poh-c-£, lnwKp-hm-Zn, Xc-W-`m-
kvIcw F∂nh am{Xta ]c-º-
cmKX-hnjsshZy-{K-Ÿ-ß-fmbn
C∂v e`y-am-bn-´p-≈q. tIcf hnj-
Nn-In-’-bn¬ ]d-bp-∂- Imcy-ß-
fmWv s]mXpsh C∂v ]n¥p-S¿∂p
t]mcp-∂-Xv. kp{ip-X-kw-lnX Xp-
Sßnb ¢mkn-°¬ {KŸ-ß-fn¬
]d-bp∂ coXn Cu ssien-bn¬
D]-tbm-Kn-°m-dn-√. a{¥-{]-tbm-K-
ß-fpsS klm-b-tØmsS am{Xta
^e-h-Ømhq F∂ hnizm-k-Øm-
34
em-bn-cn°mw CØcw {KŸ-ß- In’m]mc- º - c ysØ C√mbv a
fn¬ ]d-bp∂ k{º-Zm-b-߃ sNbvX-Xv.
A\p-h¿Øn-°m-Ø-Xv. A°m- ip`m-]vXn-hn-izm-khpw Bfl-
eØv a{¥- { ]- t bm- K - ß - f psS hn-izm-k-hp-ap≈ sshZy-∑m-cpsS
i‡-amb kzm[o-\w D≠m-bn- kº-∂amb Hcp hnj-Nn-In-’m-]m-
cp-∂p. c- º cyw \ap- ° p- ≠ m- b n- c p- ∂ p.
Ign™ \qdp- h ¿j- Ø n- F∂m¬ Cu ]mc-º-cy-Øn-\p-
\nS-bn¬ tIc-f-Ønse hnj-Nn- ta¬ Ccpƒaq-Sn. ip≤-the {]tbm-
In’ £bn-°p-hm≥ XpS-ßn. Kw, sI´v , Imcp- { ]- t bmKw XpS-
\nc-h[n Imc-W-߃ CXn\p ßnb k{º-Zm-b-߃ \ap°v CXn-
]n∂n-ep-≠v. Ah-bn¬ {][m-\- \Iw \jvS-s∏-´p. a‰p-≈h `qcn-`m-
s∏-´Xv Ch-bm-bn-cp∂p: Khpw \jvS-{]m-b-am-bn-cn-°p-I-bp-
1. henb Ip- S pw- _ - ß ƒ am-Wv. Ah-ti-jn-®n-´p-≈h - b
- m-Is´
sNdnb AWp- I p- S pw- _ - ß - f mbn hnj- N n- I n- ’ m- ] m- c - º - c y- Ø ns‚
th¿-Xn-cn-™p. AXp-sIm≠v Ip- kph¿W- I m- e sØ Nne sNdp
Spw-_-Ønse Hmtcm AwK-Øn\pw Xp≈n- I ƒ am{Xw. \mw H∂pw-
Pohn-°p-hm≥ th≠n kºm-Zn-t°- Xs∂ sNøm-Xn-cp-∂m¬ kº-∂-
≠n-h-cn-Ibpw sNbvXp. hnj-Nn- amb B ]mc- º cyw `mhn- b n¬
In’ \s√mcp hcp-am-\-am¿K--am-bn- Ncn{Xw am{X-ambn \ΩpsS ]pkvX-
cp-∂n-√. I-ß-fn¬ Ah-ti-jn-°pw. AXn-
2. `c- W m- [ n- I m- c n- I - f psS \m¬ Ah- t i- j n- ° p∂ ]mc- º -
]n¥p-Wbpw klm-bhpw D≠m-bn- cysØ \ne-\n¿tØ-≠Xpw A\-
cp-∂n-√. ¥- c - X - e - a p- d - b n- t e°v ssIam- t d-
3. B[p-\nI acp-∂p-I-fpsS ≠Xpw \ΩpsS I¿Ø-hy-am-Wv.
{]Nm-cw. Hcp-]t£ `mhn-bn¬ tIc-f-Øn¬
CXpw \nc-h[n a‰p Imc-W- hnj-Nn-In-’°v tim`-\-am-sbmcp
ß-fp-amWv tIc-f-Ønse hnj-Nn- Ime-ap-≠m-Ipw.
hniz-ln-μp-]c - n-jØv apf-Ip-∂Ø
- p-Imhv bqWn-‰ns‚ B`n-ap-Jy-Øn¬
\n¿≤-\I- p-Spw-_ß - ƒ°v Acn-, ]-®°
- d
- n-Iƒ,-]e
- h
- y-RvP\
- ß
- ƒ F∂nh
AS-ßn-b HmW-°n‰v hnX-cWw sNbvXp. sI.-sI. tat\m≥,
tUm. Pn. i¶-c≥\m-b¿, hn.-F-®v.-]n. Pn√m sk{I-´dn
B¿. atl-iz-c≥ F∂n-h¿ ]s¶-Sp-Øp.
1186 I∂n
ln-μp-hn-iz-
 tZh- k y Xzm khnXpx
{]kthƒiznt\m-cv_m-lp`ymw
]qjv t Wm lkv X m- ` ymw. BZ-
tZƒ[zcIrXw tZth`yx C{μky
_mlp-ckn
Z£nWmx kl-{k-ZrjvSnx iX-
tX- P m- hm- b p- Z kn Xzn‹- t XPm
ZznjtXm h[x ˛ 24
Ejnx ]c-tajvSo {]Pm-]Xnx
tZhXm ˛ tZymhn-XypXu Oμx ˛
kzcm-Uv{_m-“o-]Mv‡nx kzcx-˛-]-
©ax
A\zbw
khnXpx tZh- k y- { ]- k th
Aiznt\mx _mlp`ymw
]qjvtWm lkvXm`ymw Xzw
BZtZ tZth`yx A[z-cI - rXw
C{μky Z£nWx _mlpx
Akn. kl-{k-ZrjvSnx iX-tX-Pmx
Xzn‹- t XPmx hmbpx Akn.
ZznjXx h[x
A¿Yw
kI- e - X n- s ‚bpw krjv S n-
I¿Øm-hmb tZhs‚ {]kqXn cq]-
amb krjvSn-bn¬ Aizn-If - p-sSbpw
]qjm- h n- s ‚bpw ssIIƒsIm≠v
\n\°v ({]tXyI ]Zm¿∞-ßsf)
{Kln-°p-∂p. tZh-X-Iƒ°p-th≠n
b⁄- Ø n¬ A¿∏n- ° p∂ lhn-
kns\ Rm≥ kzoIcn-°p-∂p. \o
C{μs‚ he-XpssI BIp-∂p. \o
At\I i{Xp-°sf \in-∏n-°p∂
h¿≤n® tXP-tkm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bh - \- m-Wv.
\o {]mW-\m-Ip-∂p. \o tZzjn-°p-∂-
hsc h[n-°p-∂h - \ - m-Wv.
`mjyw
khn-Xmhv PKXvkrjvSn-bpsS
t{]cI-\m-Wv. B PK-Zo-iz-c≥ Znhy-
1186 I∂n
ln-μp-hn-iz-
Kp-W]- p-RPv a- m-W.v Aß-s\-bp≈ B
tZhs‚ krjvSn-bn¬ ]Zm¿Y-ßsf
Rm≥ ]pcp-jm¿Y-{]m-]X v n-°mbn kzo
I-cn-°p-∂p. Aiznt\m _mlp`ymw
kz_e-hocy-߃ sIm≠v ˛ ]Zm¿Y-
ßsf {Kln- ° p- ∂ p. ]qjv t Wmx
lkv X m`ymw ˛ t]mj- W - Ø ns‚
Zrjv S n tImWn¬ ]Zm¿Y- ß sf
kzoI-cn-°p-∂p. t`mKm-]-h¿Km¿Yw
Zriyw ˛ Cu Zriy-{]-]©w Pohs‚
t`mK- Ø n\pw A]- h ¿K- Ø n\pw
th≠n-bm-Wv. kwkmcw t`mKy-]-
Zm¿Y-am-Wv. AXv {]b-Xv\w-sIm≠p
t\S-Ww. t`mKy-hk - vXp-°ƒsIm≠v
tIhew tXmj-Wa√ t]mj-Wam-Wv
km[n- t °- ≠ - X v . A¿Y- I m- a - ß ƒ
t]mj-W-{]-Z-am-h-W-sa-¶n¬ Ah-
bpsS {]m]vXn [m¿an-Ia - m-bn-cn-°W
- w.
F¶n¬ am{Xta Ah tam£-Øn-
te°p \bn-°q.
tZth`y A[z-cI - rXw ˛ tZh-X-
Iƒ°mbn lnwkm- c - l n- X - a mb,
t{ijvTI - ¿a-Øn-eqsS ka¿∏n-°p-∂-
Xns\ kzoI-cn-°p-∂p. [zcw F∂-
Xn\v lnwk, IpSn-eX Fs∂m-s°-
bm-W¿Yw. kwkm-cc - l- n-Xa - mb, IpSn-
eX Xo≠mØ I¿a-amWv A[zcw.
AXmWv b⁄w. b⁄w tZh]qP-
bm-W.v {]]-©Ø - nse kIe ]Zm¿Y-
ßfpw kqcy≥, N{μ≥, ]rYzn, Pew,
hmbp F∂o tZh-X-I-fpsS Ir]-
bm¬ am{Xw {]m]vXh - y-am-Wv. tZh-{]-
Z-Ø-amb ]Zm¿Y-߃ b⁄-Øn-
eqsS tZhm¿∏Ww sNø-Ww. F∂n´v
b⁄- i njv S w A\p- ` - h n- ° - W w.
""ssX¿Z-Øm-\-{]-Zm-ssb-t`ym-tbm -
`pMvtX kvtX\x Fh kx ˛ tZh-X-
Iƒ \¬In-bh - sb Ah¿°v ka¿∏n-
°msX A\p- ` - h n- ° p- ∂ - h ≥
I≈\mWv. b⁄-injvSw Ign-°p-
∂h¿ kI- e - I n- e v _ - n j- ß - f n¬
\n∂pw ap‡-cm-hp-∂p. Aß-s\-bp-≈-
h≥, C{μky Z£nWx _mlpx
Akn˛ C{μs‚ hew Iøm-Ip-∂p.
C{μ≥ ]c-ssa-iz-cy-im-en-bmb ]c-am-
flm-hm-Wv. PohnXw b⁄-abam°n-
b-hs\s°m≠v B ]c-am-flmhv al-
Ømb Imcy-߃ sNøp-∂p. Ahsc
P\-߃ alm-flm-°s - f∂p hnfn-°p-
∂p. kl-{k-Zr-jvSnx-˛] - c- a
- m-flm-hns‚
hew- I - ø mbn h¿Øn- ° p- ∂ hs‚
kIe hnLv\ß - fpw ˛ _m[-Ifpw
\jvSa - m-hp-∂p. iX-tXPmx ˛ Ahs‚
PohnXw tXP- p-‰X - m-hp-∂p. Ahs‚
t`mK-߃ i‡nsb £oWn-∏n-°p-
∂n-√. hmbpx Akn.˛ Aß-s\-bp≈
\o hmbp-hm-Ip-∂p. kZm {Inbm-io-
e-\m-hp-∂p. am{X-a√ - , Xs‚ \nc-¥c - -
amb {Inbm-io-ew-sIm≠v a‰p-≈-
h¿°pw {]K-Xnsb \¬Ip-∂p. Xzn‹
tXPmx ˛ Xo{h-amb tXP- n-\p-Sb - h- -
\m-Wv. ZznjtXm h[x ˛ tZzj-cq-]-
Øn-ep≈ i{Xp-hmWv G‰hpw henb
i{Xp. tXP-kzn-Xbpw tZzjhpw H∂n-
®n- c n- ° p- I - b n- √ . tXP- k znX
t{Im[sØ \in-∏n°p∂p. Aßs\
APm-X-i-{Xp-hmIp∂p. BtcmSpw
tZzj-`m-ha - n-√m-Øh - \ - mWv APm-Xi - -
{Xp. i{Xp\mi-I≥ F∂m¬ i{Xp-
`m-ha- m-tcm-Sp-an-√m-Øh - ≥ F∂¿Yw.
(Xp-S-cpw)
35
 `K-h-ZvKoX
c≠mw A≤ym-bw
kmwJy-tbmKw
kc-kzXn Fkv. hmcy¿
B›-cy-hX - ] - yXn I›n-tZ\w I
v i s°m-Sp-°mw. AJ-WU v m-flk- z-cq-]a- mb hnP-bhpw kºØpw tXSn-h-∂p-sIm-
B›-cy-hXvhZXn XssY-h- Nm\yx II {_“-am-Is´ Hcn-°epw Cßs\ hmb ≈pw. AYhm acn-®m¬ hoc-kz¿Kw
B›-cy-hs- s®-\a- \ - yx- ir-tWmXn I - s Im≠p ]d™p F®n- e m- b n- ´ n√. e`n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. ChnsS i¶n-®p-
{ipXzm-t]y\w thZ- \ s- sN-h- I-›nXv II 29 ImcWw C∂p-hsc B¿°pw Xs∂ \n¬°-cp-Xv. Cu kμ¿`w {]tbm-P-\-
Nne¿(H-cmƒ) Cu Bflmhv B›- hm°p-IƒsIm-≠-Xns\ h¿Æn-°p- s∏-SpØq F∂mWv {ioIr-jW v `- K
- h
- m≥
cy-I-c-sa∂v Aº-c-°p-∂p. Fs¥m-cm- hm≥ Ign-™n-´n-√: D]-tZ-in-°p-∂-Xv. Cßs\ {]tbm-P-\-
›cyw F∂v Nne-cX - ns\ tIƒ°p-∂p. tZlo- \n-Xy-a-h-t≤ymƒbw I s∏- S p- Ø p- ∂ h- \ mWv t{ijv T \pw
Nne-cm-Is´ AXy-¤pXw Xs∂ F∂v tZtl k¿Δky `mcX II [\y\pam-hp-I.
Bflm-hn-s\-°p-dn®p ]d-bp-∂p. Nne- Xkvam¬ k¿ΔmWn `qXm\n I
AY tNØz-anaw [¿Ωyw I
cm-Is´ Fs¥ms° tI´mepw Cu \ Xzw timNn-Xp-a¿lkn II 30
A¿÷p\m, F√m ico-c-ß-fn-ep- kw{Kmaw \ Icnjykn II
Bflm-hns\ Adn-bp-∂tX C√. XXx kz[¿Ωw Io¿Ønw N I
Ipdn∏v: euInIhkvXp-°ƒ Adn- ap≈ Bflmhv Ah-[y-\m-Wv, AXn-
lnXzm ]m]ahm-]vkykn II 33
bm≥ C{μn-b-߃°p Ign-bpw. C{μn- \m¬ Poh-∑msc°pdn®p \o hyk-\n-
t°≠ Bh-iy-an-√. \o Cu [¿Ω-bp≤w sNøm-Xn-cp-
bm- X o- X - a mWv Bflm- h v . AXns\ ∂m¬ kz[¿Ωhpw k¬°o¿Ønbpw
At\z-jn-°Ww F∂ Nn¥ Xs∂ kz[¿Ω-a]n Nmth£y I ssIhn´p-I-f™ ]m]-ap-≠m-hpw.
A]q¿h-Øn¬ A]q¿ambn Hcmƒt° \ hnI-ºnXpa¿lkn II
D≠m-Ip-∂p-≈q. Aßs\ At\z-jn-°m- [¿Ωym-Zzn- bp-≤m-t{—-tbm-\y¬ I AIo¿Øn-©m-]n-`q-Xm\n I
\p≈ Ah- k cw AXnepw Ipd®p IY-bn-jy¥n tXƒhybmw II
£{Xn-bky \ hnZyƒtX II 31
t]¿t° In´p-∂p-≈q. Aßs\ Bfl- kw`mhnXky Nm Io¿Øn¿ I
kz[¿Ωw t\m°n-bmepw \ns‚
hn-Nmcw sNøp∂hcmWv A¤p-X-s∏- a\ p \Sp-tß-≠-Xn-√. [¿Ω-bp-≤- ac-Wm-ZXncnNytX II 34
Sp-∂X
- .v Ah-cn¬Xs∂ `qcn-`mKØn\pw tØ-°mfpw t{ib-kvIc- a- mbn £{Xnb- `b-{ZWmZp]-cXw I
a\- n\p ]IzX hcm-Ø-Xp-sIm≠v ∑m¿°p thsdm-∂p-an-√. awkyt¥ Xzmw alm-cYmx II
Bfl-XØzw Adn-bm≥ Ign-bp-∂n-√.
tbjm©Xzw _lp-atXm I
s]mSn ]nSn®p \mi-amb IÆm-Sn-bn¬ bZr-—bm tNm]]∂w I
`qXzm bmkykn emLhw II 35
ImWp-tºmƒ Zo]-{]-Imiw NnXdn kz¿KZzmca]m-hrXw II
alm-cY
- ∑
- m¿ \o `b∂v bp≤-Øn¬
°mWp-∂-Xp-t]mse Ah¿°v Bfl- kpJn\x £{Xnbmx ]m¿∞ I
\n∂p ]n∑m-dn-bX - m-sWt∂ Icp-Xq. \o
kz-cq]w sXfn-™pw, sXfn-bm-sXbpw e`t¥ bp≤-ao-Zriw II 32
Bcm¬ _lp-am-\n-X-\m-bn-cp-∂p-thm,
ImW- s ∏- S p- ∂ p. [ym\m- h - ÿ - b n¬ bmZr- — n- I - a mbn kw`- h n- ® Xpw,
Ah-cpsS apºn¬Xs∂ \o tIhew
AYhm Pm{K- Z m- h - ÿ - b n¬ Xs∂ kz¿Khm-Xn¬ Xpd-∂p-In-´pI F∂
\n m-c-\m-bn-am-dpw.
AXp- I ≠p F∂p tXm∂n Nne¿ `mKyw £{Xn-b-∑m¿°p \¬Ip-∂-Xp-
B›-cy-s∏Sp∂p. ImW¬, tIƒ°¬, amb Cu bp≤w Xo¿®-bmbpw `mKy- Ahm-Ny-hm-Zmw› _lq≥ I
Nn¥n-°¬ F∂o hn[-Øn-sems° hm-∑m-cmb £{Xn-b-∑m¿t° In´q. hZn-jy¥n Xhm-lnXmx II
CXn-s\-°p-dn®v B›-cy-s∏-Sp-∂Xv Ipdn∏v: F√m a\p-jy-cpsS Pohn- \nμ-¥-kvXh kma¿∞yw I
kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. GXp{]Im-c-Øn¬ X-Ønepw bmZr-—n-I-ambn Nne kw`-h- XtXm ZpxJ-Xcw \p Inw II 36
I≠mepw ˛ tI´mepw ˛ tXm∂n-bmepw- ß-fp-≠m-Ip-∂p. CØcw kμn-Kv≤-L- \ns‚ i{Xp-°ƒ \ns∂ ]cn-l-kn-
AXp sXfn-™pw, sXfn-bm-sX-bp-am-W.v ´-ß-fn¬ a\p-jy≥ Xs‚ kz[¿Ω- ®p-sIm≠v ]d-bm≥ sIm≈mØ ]e
a\ v F∂ Xnc-»oe D≈ a\p-jy-cn¬ Øn¬ \n∂pw hyXn-N-en-°msX IS-a- hm°p-Ifpw ]d-bpw. AXnepw henb
Bfl-kz-cq]w bYm-hn[w I≠-h-cm-cp- Iƒ sNøp-hm≥ ka¿∞-\m-h-Ww. ZpxJw F¥mWp≈Xv?
≠v, tI´-hcpw Adn-™h - cpw Bcp≠v? A¿÷p-\-\n-t∏mƒ B kμ¿`w e`n-
®n-cn-°p-∂p. h\-hm-k-Zpx-Jw, At\Iw ltXm hm {]m]vkykn kz¿Kw I
{iocm-aI - rjvW ]c-al - w-k¿ CXp `wKn-
]co-£W - L- ´- ß- ƒ F∂nh IS-∂p-t]m- PnXzm hm t`m£ytk alow II
bmbn ]d-™p-X-cp-∂p: ""thZ-߃,
∂p. C\n [oc-\pw \n¿`-b-\p-ambn Xkvam-Zp-ØnjvT Iut¥b I
X{¥-im-kv{X-߃, ]pcm-Wß - ƒ
- , XpS-
kz[¿Ωw \nd-th-‰m≥ ]cn-{i-an-°-bm- bp≤mb IrX\n›bx II 37
ßnb kI- e Xpw hmb- \ - s Im≠p
]d™p a\p-jy¿°p a\- n-em-°n- Wn-t∏mƒ th≠-Xv. k¬°o¿Øn-bpw, (t]Pv 37¬ XpS-cpw..)
1186 I∂n
36 ln-μp-hn-iz-
\m-tSm-Sn-

Nne atX-X-c-hn-hm-l-߃
a{¥n hnP-b-Ip-am-dns‚ aI≥ {InkvXy≥ sNøp-hm\pw h\\io-Ic - W - Ø - n-s\-Xnsc kwc-£W - k- -
s]¨Ip-´n-sbbpw a{¥n _nt\m-bv hn-iz-Øns‚ aIƒ an-Xn-I-fp-≠m-°p-hm\pw ]m™p-\-S-°p-∂-Xv F∂v
ap…nw bphm-hn-s\bpw hnhmlw Ign® hm¿Ø ASp- ]≠sØ ap≠-t»cn amÿ tNmZyw sNøp-am-bn-cp-∂nt√?
Ø-bnsS ]{Xam[ya-ßf - n¬ I≠-t∏mƒ euPn-lm-Zns‚ C∂m-cp≠v tNmZn-°m≥? Cu kXyw \∂mbn Adn-bm-
then-tb-‰-Øn¬ IΩyq-WnÃpt\Xm-°ƒ°p-t]mepw hp∂ aX-ta-[m-hn-Iƒ _nt\mbv hnizØns‚bpw hnP-
ASn-]X- d - p-∂p-sh∂ kXyw Chn-SsØ km[m-cW - l - n-μp- b-Ip-am-dn-s‚bpw atX-Xc - X - zw-I≠v Dudn-®n-cn-°p-∂p-≠m-
°ƒ a\- n-em-°p-∂p. I]-Sa - t- X-Xc
- °- Æv lnμp-°f - psS h-Ww.
cmjv{So-bh - o-£W - sØ F{X-am{Xw hnI-ea- m-°n-Øo¿°p- Chn-SsØ ss{IkvXh - ˛- C
- …
- m-anI {]ÿm-\ß - ƒ
∂p-sh∂v Nn¥n-°p-∂-h¿°-dn-bmw. Imc-Ww, kz¥w Cu \mSns\ samØ-ambn hngp-ßm≥ Hcp-°n-h® _lp-
AWn-Iƒ°p-ta¬ {InkvXy≥-˛-ap…nw aX-ta-[m-hn- apJ]≤-Xn-If - n¬ H∂p-am-{X-amWv euPn-lmZv F∂ kXy-
Iƒ°p≈ \nb-{¥Ww hfsc i‡-am-W.v P\\w apX¬ a-dn-bm≥ H∂p Npgn™p Nn¥n-°W - w. ChnsS ]e D∂-
acWw hsc-bp≈ GsX-¶nepw Hc-hk - c- Ø
- n¬ Xß-fpsS X-k¿°m¿ DtZym-K-ÿ-∑mcpw t]meokv ta[m-hn-Ifpw
a°sf ]≈n-bn¬ sIm≠p-sN-√m≥ Cu an{i-hn-hm-ln- Agn-a-Xn-I-fp-sSbpw a‰pw t]cn¬ ]nSn-°-s∏Sp-Ibpw
X¿ \n¿_-‘n-X-cm-bn-Øo-cp-sa∂v aX-ta-[m-hn-Iƒ°-dn- in£n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw XcwXmgvØ-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNø-s∏-
bmw. P\-\w apX¬ ac-Ww-hsc {InkvXym-\n-If - p-sSbpw Sp-∂-Xn-\p-]p-d-In¬ aX-]-c-amb IÆp-h®v CØcw
ap…n-an-s‚bpw Hmtcm NS-ßp-w ]≈nbpsS klm-bt- Øm- ÿm]nX Xmev]-cy-°m¿ \S-Øp∂ Icp-\o-°-߃
sStb \S-Øp-hm-\m-Iq. Cß-s\ -h-∂m¬ ]c-am-h[n Ds≠∂p ImWm≥ km[m-cW IÆp-Iƒ t]mcm. Hcp-]-
c≠pXe-ap-d-bv°-∏pdw hnP-b-Ip-am-d-n-s‚bpw _nt\mbv s£ Fkv-F≥Un]n t\Xmhv sh≈m-∏≈n \tS-i-s\-
hniz-Øn-s‚bpw IpSpw-_-ß-fn¬ IΩyq-Wn-k-Øn-s‚ t∏m-ep-≈h - ¿°v Nne-ka - b - Øv Aßs\ tXm∂n-tb-°m-
Xcn-t]mepw D≠m-Im-\n-S-bn-√. ss{IkvX-h-˛C-…m-anI sa-¶nepw I]-S-a-tX-X-cXzs]mbvapJw \jvS-s∏-Spsa∂
hnizm-ka - m-bn-cn°pw AhnsS ÿm\w]nSn-°p-I. ChnsS `bw {]kvXpX kXyw hnfn-®p-]-d-bm≥ Ahsc \ncp-
lnμp-°sf A\y-a-X-ßfnte°v ]cn-h¿Ø\w sNøm- ’m-ls - ∏-Sp-Øn-sb-∂p-hc - pw. ChnsS PUvPn-am-sc-t∏mepw
\p≈ Hcp sIWn-bmbn Cu atX-X-c-Xz-hn-hmlw amdp- Ipcp-°n¬ hogvØp-hm\pw sIWn-Iƒ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p-
∂p. {]K-ev`-\mb tPmk^v ap≠-t»cn amÿ (1957-˛59 ≠v. Ch-cpsS tem_n-Iƒ FIvkn-Iyq-´ohns‚bpw PpUo-
IΩyq-Wn-k‰v a{¥n k`-bnse hnZym-`ym-k-a-{¥n) acn®v jy-dn-bp-sSbpw Xe-ßf - n¬t]mepw {]h¿Øn-°p-∂p-≠p-
GXm\pw h¿j-߃°p-tijw Xncn-™p-t\m-°ptºmƒ Xm-\pw. Ah-cpsS ssIbn¬ _en-ar-Kß - f- mbn AI-s∏´v
B ]c-º-c-bn¬, ]≈n-bpsS sX‰p-Isf tNmZyw-sN-øm- hnP-b-Ip-am-dn-s\bpw hniz-sØbpw t]mep-≈-h¿°v
\mbn Hcp Ip™p-t]m-ep-apt≠m? ItØm-en-°m-k`- b - psS \msf tXßn-°c - t- b-≠n-hc - p-sa∂v ]d-bm≥ Zo¿L-Zr-jSv n-
hnizm-kk - q-£n-∏p-Im-c\- m-W,v ap≠-t»cn amÃ-dpsS ]u{X- sbm∂pw th≠.
\mb C∂sØ tPmk^v ap≠-t»-cn.
Zim-_vZ-߃°p-apºv ChnsS hntZ-i-aZyw {]N-cn- *
_w•m-tZipw Ab-bp∂p
* *
∏n®v P\-ßsf IpSn-b-∑m-cm-°n-b-Xv, h\w-sIm-≈bpw
h\w ssItb-‰hpw πmt‚-j-\p-Ifpw kwL-Sn-X-ambn C…m-an-I-Xo-{h-hmZw B™-Sn-®n-cp∂ cmPy-am-bn-
\SØn tIc-fØ - ns‚ {]IrXnkºØv \in-∏n-®Xpw Xß- cp∂p _w•m-tZ-iv. AhnsS e÷ F∂ t\mh-se-gp-Xn-
fm-sW∂ kXyw ad-®p-h-®p-sIm-≠t√ Chn-SsØ b-Xns‚ t]cn¬ kz¥w \m´n¬\n∂v Hfn-t®m-Sn-t∏m-tI-
ss{IkvX-h-k-`-Iƒ aZy-jm-∏p-Iƒs°-Xnsc kacw ≠n-h∂ Fgp-Øp-Imcn X…oa \{ko-\v C∂v Aev]w
1186 I∂n
ln-μp-hn-iz- 37
Biz-kn-°m-sa-∂p≈ hm¿Ø-I-
fmWv _w•m-tZ-in¬\n∂pw hcp-∂-
Xv. C…m-anI Xo{h-hm-ZØ -- ns‚ \ocm-
fn-∏n-Sp-Ø-Øn¬ _w•m-tZ-ins‚
cmjv{S-]n-Xmhv sjbvJv apPn-_p¿
d“m≥ sIm√-s∏´ IY-bd - n-bm-hp∂
apPn-_ns‚ aIƒ sjbvJv lko\
A[n-Im-c-Øn¬ h∂-tXmsS Cu
am‰w kzm`m-hn-Ia- m-W.v AXp-sIm-≠p-
Xs∂ apPo-_ns‚ IY Ign® Xo{h-
hmZw C∂v ]Øn-aS- ° - n-bn-cn-°p-Ib - m-
Wv. ASp-Ø-bnsS h∂ Hcp tImS-
Xn-hn[n ap…nw hnZym¿∞n-\n-Isf
intcm-hkv{Xw [cn-°m≥ \n¿_-‘-
n® Hcp {]n≥kn-∏e - n-s\-Xnsc intcm-
hkv{Xw [cn-°msX Xs∂ t]mIm≥
A\p-hZ- n-®p-sIm-≠p-≈X - m-Wv.
atX-X-c-Xz-cm-Py-amb C¥y-
bnse IY t\m°tW! I¬°-Ø-
°-SpØv ap…n-߃ \S-Øp∂ Hcp
k¿h-I-em-im-e-bn-¬ A≤ym-]n-I-
bmb Hcp lnμp kv{Xo°v intcm-
hkv{Xw [cn-°p-∂X - n¬\n∂pw c£-
s∏- S m≥ Ign- ™ - X v, tImS- X n-
bn¬\n∂p≈ Hm¿U-dns‚ klm-b-
tØm-sS-bm-bn-cp-∂p. A[nIw Xma-
kn- b msX Fs¥¶nepw t]cp- ] -
d™v A≤ym-]n-Isb ]ncn-®p-hn-Sp-
sa∂pw Ah¿ hgn-bm-[m-c-am-hp-
(`K-hZvKoX XpS¿®)
AYhm bp≤-Øn¬ \o acn-°p-I-
bm- s W- ¶ n¬ Xs∂ \n\°p hoc-
kz¿§w e`n-°pw. Pbn-®m-em-Is´ cmPyw
`cn®v Cl-temIkpJ-߃ A\p-`-hn-
°mw. AXn-\m¬ Iut¥bm! (Ip¥o-
tZ-hn-bpsS ZrV-\n-›-bhpw I¿ΩIpi-
e- X bpw `K- h m≥ A¿÷p- \ \p
Hm¿Ωs∏-Sp-Øp-I-bm-Wn-hn-sS) bp≤w
sNøm-\p-d®p Fgp-t∂-ev°q.
kpJ-Zpx-tJ -k-ta- IrXzm I
em`m-em`u Pbm-Pbu II
XtXm bp≤mb bpPykz I
ss\hw ]m]ahm-]vkykn II 38
kpJ-Zpx-Jß
- t- fm, em`-\j
- vSß
- tfm,
Pb-m]-P-b-ßtfm ht∂ms´ ˛ Ahsb
Xpey-\n-e-bn¬ IcpXn bp≤-Øn-s∂m-
cp-ßq. At∏mƒ ]m]w \ns∂ _m[n-
°n-√.
Ipdn∏v: km[m-cW a\p-jy¿°v
kpJw tlXp-hmb em`w, Pbw F∂n-
h- b n¬ Bi- b pw, ZpxJ- t l- X p- h mb
\jvSw, ]cm- P - b w F∂nh- b n¬
shdp∏pw D≠m-Ip-∂p. ]Iz-Xbpw kz`m-
h-kw-kvIm-c-hp-ap≈ [oc∑m¿ F¥p
38
sa∂pw tImtf-Pv A[n-Ir-X¿s°-
Xnsc k¿°m¿ Hcp \S-]S- nbpw FSp-
°n-s√∂pw Dd-∏n-°mw. tIc-fØ - n¬
]e ÿe-ßf - nepw tImtf-Pp-If - n¬
intcm-hkv{Xw [cn®p hcm≥ th≠n-
bmWv ap…n-߃ kacw sNøp-∂-
Xv. CXv s]¨Ip-´n-I-fpsS B{K-l-
{]-Im-c-a-söpw aX-au-en-I-hm-Zn-
Isf `b∂v c£- I ¿Øm- ° ƒ
\n¿_-‘n-°p-∂X - m-sW∂pw a\- n-
em-°mw. intcm-hkv{Xw [cn-°p-∂-
Xns\ hne-°nb {]n≥kn-∏e - n-s\-Xn-
sc-bmWv ChnsS \S-]Sn h∂n-´p-≈-
Xv. hnπhw {]kw-Kn-°p∂ IΩyq-Wn-
Ãp- I m¿°v \S- ∏ m- ° m≥ Ign- b m-
ØXp a‰m¿°mWv \S-∏m-°m-\m-
hpI? lnμp- a - X - ÿ m- ] - \ - ß - f n¬
F¥p \S-°p-tºmgpw bp‡n-hm-Z-
Øns‚ ZrjvSn- b n¬ tNmZyw
sNøm\pw ]p—n-°m\pw Ch¿°p
aSn-bn-√. t£{X-ß-fnse im¥n-
°mcpw X{¥nbpw ta¬hkv{Xw [cn-
°m-sX im¥n-sN-øp-∂X - ns\ ]cn-l-
kn® tZhkzw a{¥n-bpsS \mSm-
WnXv ! ]qWq¬ s]m´n- ® p- I - f - b p-
Ibpw IpSpa apdn-®p-I-f-bp-Ibpw
sNøp-∂X - n\v ]n¥pW sImSp-Øn-cp-
∂- h - c mWv IΩyq- W n- Ã p- I ƒ.
Ct∏mgpw lnμp-°sf sh√p-hn-fn-°p-
kw`-hn-°p-sa∂p t\m°msX ˛ C—tbm
A\n-—tbm C√msX Ah-c-h-cpsS
kz[¿Ωw bYmhn[n sNøp-∂p. CjvSm-
\n-jvS-ß-fmWv a\p-jysc kz[¿Ω
I¿Ωw sNøp-∂-Xn¬ \n∂p X-S-™p-
\n¿Øp-∂-Xv. I¿Ω-Øn¬ Bk‡n
bn√m-sX, I¿Ω-^ew Imw£n-°msX,
Hcp I¿Ωw sNøp- t ºmƒ ]q¿Δ- P -
∑m¿÷nXI¿Ω-߃ Ipd™pIpd-
™p-hc - p-∂p. ]pXnb I¿Ω-߃ h∂p-
tN-cp-∂p-an-√. Cu at\m-`mhw tam£-
Im-cW
- h - p-am-Ip-∂p.
Gjm tXƒ`nlnXm kmwtJy I
_p≤n¿-tbmtK Xznamw irWp II
_p≤ym- bpt‡m bbm ]m¿∞ I
I¿Ω-_‘w {]lm-kykn II 39
Bfl-XX - z-sØ-°p-dn®p ]d-™p-X-
∂p. C\n tbmK-sØ-°p-dn®p tIƒ°q.
tbmK-_p≤n t\Sp-tºmƒ I¿Ω-_-‘-
Øn¬\n∂pw \o ap‡-\m-hpw.
Ipdn∏v : jUvZ¿i-\ß - f- n¬ H∂mb
kmwJyw, I]neal¿jn cNn-®-Xm-Wv.
kmwJyw F∂m¬ FÆw (A°w)
F∂¿∞w. {]IrXnbpw ]pcp-j\pw
tN¿∂v 25 XØz-ß-fm-bn-Øo-cp∂p
∂-Xn¬ hocyw Ipd-®n-´n-√mØ Ch¿
A\y-aX - ÿcpsS ap∂n¬ ]©-]p-—-
a-S°
- n-\n¬°pw.
ae- ∏ p- d - Ø p- I m- c n- b mb Hcp
ap…nw AUz-°‰v Hcp ap…nw sNdp-
∏-°m-cs\ cPn-kv{Sm-^o-kn¬ h®v
hnhmlw Ign- ® - X ns‚ t]cn¬
kz¥w \m´n¬ {]th-in-°m-\m-hmsX
Ae-™p-Xn-cn-bp-Ib - m-sW∂v \ma-dn-
b-Ww. Cºn-®n-_mh acn-®-t∏mƒ
"ap…nw IΩyq-WnÃv' F∂p hnti-
jn-∏n® IΩyq-WnÃv XmXzn-Im-Nm-cy-
∑m¿ C.- F w.- F - k v . acn- ® - t ∏mƒ
"lnμp IΩyq-WnÃv' F∂p ]d-bm-
™-sXt¥? shdp-sX-b√ aA-Zv\n-
am¿ ChnsS hf-cp-∂Xv!
KpP-dm-Øn¬ t]meo-kns‚
shSn-tb‰p acn® {]mtWjv Ipamdn
(aXw amdn Pmth- Z m- b )s‚bpw
ImapIn C{kØv Plm- s ‚bpw
t]cn¬ apX-e° - Æ- o-scm-gp-°n-bn-cp-∂-
h¿ Ata-cn-°-bn¬ ]nSn-°-s∏´
tUhnUv tImƒUv am≥ slUven
F∂ C…m-anI Xo{h-hmZn Xs‚
Kymßn¬ s]´-XmWv C{kØv Plm-
s\∂p ]d-™-t∏m-gmWv Iq´-°-c-
®n¬ \n¿Øn-bXv. tIcfw c£-s∏-
Sm≥ Ffp-∏a - √- .
F∂m- W n- X ns‚ Bi- b w. `K- h m≥
ChnsS ]d-bp∂ kmwJyw F∂Xv
Bfl-⁄m-\s - Ø-°p-dn-®p≈ hnNn-¥-
\sØ°pdn®p am{X-am-Wv. ]n∂oSv
tbmKw F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv A[n-Ihpw
I¿Ω-tbm-Ka- m-Wv.
Hmtcm Iem- ⁄ m- \ - Ø n- e pw,
imkv{X-Ønepw XØz-hn-Nm-cw, AY-
hm D]-]Øn (Xn-b-dn) F∂pw A\p-
jvTm\w ({]m-IvSo-kv) F∂pw c≠p-hn-
`m-K-ß-fp-≠v. BZy-tØXv _p≤n-bn¬
XØzw ]Xn- ∏ n- ° p- ∂ p. ]n∂o- S Xp
{]mh¿Øn-Ia- mbn {]tbm-P\ - s
- ∏-Sp-∂p.
inev]n a\- n¬ Hcp Krl\n¿Ωm-
W-sØ-°p-dn®p Nn¥n-°p-∂p. \∂mbn
a\- n¬ sXfn-bp-∂Xp hsc Cßs\
Nn¥n-°p-∂p. AXn\p XØzhnNmcw
F∂p ]d-bpw. ]ns∂ AX-\p-k-cn®p
Krlw \n¿Ωn-°p-∂p. AXv A\p-jvTm-
\w. Ch ]c-kv]cw klm-b-I-am-Wv.
th≠-hn[w Nn¥n-®-h≥ th≠-hn-[-
Øn¬ {]h¿Øn-°pw. ho≠pw ho≠pw
A\p-jvTn-°p-tºmƒ AXns‚ XØzw
D≈n¬ \∂mbn ]Xn-bp-∂p.
(Xp-Sc- pw)
1186 I∂n
ln-μp-hn-iz-
FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬ (Xp-S¿®)
I-bt√ Ch¿ sNøp-∂Xv? AXpw-t]mcm Ch-¿ \S-
Øp∂ I≈-°-S-Øv, a\p-jy-°-S-Øv, h\y-ar-K-ß-
fpsSbpw h\- D - e v ] - ∂ - ß - f p- s Sbpw I≈- ° - S - Ø v ,
]mºn≥ hnj- ° - S - Ø v , XpS- ß nb {Inan- \ ¬ Ip‰-
߃°p t\sc i‡-amb F¥p \S-]-Sn-bmWv kzoI-
cn-°p-∂Xv? ]mIn-ÿm-\n¬ A®-Sn® I≈-t\m-´p-Iƒ
I∏- e nepw dbn¬th - h m- K - W nepw \njv { ]bmkw
ChnsS sIm≠p-h∂v cmPy-saßpw hnX-cWw sNøp-
tºmƒ... k¿°m¿ {] n¬ am{Xw cl-ky-ambn A®-
Sn®v HutZym-KnI GP≥kn-Iƒ am{Xw hnX-cWw
sNtø≠ ]Xn-\m-bn-c-Øn-s‚bpw Aº-Xn-\m-bn-c-Øn-
s‚bpw ap{Z- ∏ - { X- ß ƒ A\m- b mkw {]N- c n- ° p-
tºmƒ.... \msSm-´p°v s]¨hm-Wn-`-tI-{μ-ßfpw Ah-
bhhnev]-\m-tI-{μ-ßfpw {Ina-n\¬ Kp≠m-kw-L-
ßfpw Ah-cp-ambn HØp-I-fn-°p∂ t]meokv A[n-
Im-cn-Ifpw cmjv{Sob NqXm-´° - mcpw Cu \mSns\ Ip´n-
t®m-dm-°p∂ \ne-bn-te-°t√ FØn-°p-∂Xv? I≈-
t\m-´ns‚bpw I≈-∏-W-Øn-s‚bpw I≈-B-[m-c-Øn-
s‚bpw hymP-kz¿Æ-Øn-s‚bpw hnlm-c-cw-K-ambn
Cu \mSv amdn-b-Xp-sIm-≠t√ ]m∏-cmb k¿°m¿ Hcp-
h-iØpw kº-∂-cmb cmjv{So-b-°mcpw DtZym-K-
ÿcpw adp-h-iØpw sXmgn-en-√m-bva-sIm≠pw hne-
°-b‰w sIm≠pw \oXn-\n-tj[w sIm≠pw s]mdp-
Xn-ap-´nb km[m-c-W-P-\-ß-ƒ thsdmcp hiØpw
F∂ \ne- h - ∂ Xv ? CXn- s \m∂pw DØcw Is≠-
ØmsX sslμ- h - ` o- I - c - X sb∂pw Imhn- ` o- I - c - X -
sb∂pw hnfn®v P\-{i≤ Xncn-®p-hn-Sm≥ t\m°p-∂Xv
icn-bmtWm? lnμp-ka - q-lØ
- n¬ C∂v hf-cp∂Xv Ac-
£n-Xt-- _m-[-am-Wv. tI{μ-k¿°m-cns‚ AI-a-gn-™
klm-b-tØmsS C…m-anI a{Z- -Iƒ \msSm-´p°v
apf-®p-s]m-¥p-∂Xpw Ah¿°v h≥Xp-IIƒ {Km‚mbn
\¬In hf-cm≥ klm-bn-°p-∂Xpw AØcw hnZym-
e-b-ß-fn¬ Ad-_nbpw Ddp-Zphpw C…m-anI kwkvIm-
chpw ]Tn®v kz¥w amXr-[¿Ω-tØbpw \mSn-s\bpw
Ipdn®v shdp-t∏msS am{Xw Nn¥n-°m≥ t{]cn-∏n-°p-
∂Xpw F¥p-hn-Im-c-amWv lnμp-°-fn-ep-≠m-°pI?
\yq\-]-£-a-X-ß-fn¬s∏´-h¿°v hnZym-`ym-k-Øn\v
kwh-c-Whpw ^okm\p-Iq-ey-ßfpw Ah-cpsS ÿm]-
\-ß-fn¬ CjvSw-t]mse ^okv hmßm-\p≈ kzmX-
{¥y-hpw kz¥-ambn hyh-km-b-kw-cw-`-߃ XpS-
ßm≥ k_vkn-Unbpw \n¿tem-`-amb hmbv]bpw
k¿°m¿ DtZym-K-Ønepw Db¿∂ t]mÃp-I-fn-te-
°p≈ s{]mtam-jW-\p-I-fnepw kwh-c-W-hpw. Ah-
cpsS Bcm-[-\m-e-b-ß-fn-te°v t]mIm≥ bm{Xm-ku-
P-\yhpw k_vkn-Unbpw. aX-]p-tcm-ln-X∑m¿°v iº-
fhpw s]≥j\pw, sXc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ {]tXyI kwh-
c-Whpw hmcn-t°m-cn-s®m-cn-bp-tºmƒ Cu {]oW-\Ø - n-
\pt\sc {]Xn-tj-[n-°m≥ t]mbn´v H∂p I-c-bm≥
1186 I∂n
ln-μp-hn-iz-
t]mepw kzmX-{¥y-an-√msX {]kvXpX Nqj-I-cpsS
]mZ-߃°nS-bn-e-a¿∂v {]mW-hmbpt]mepw \ntj-
[n-°-s∏´ kaq-l-Øns‚ Zp¿hn[n! kz¥w aÆn¬
A\y-h-XvI-cn-°-s∏´v A\m-Y-sc-t∏mse Ae-™p-Xn-
cn-tb-≠n-hcp∂ kaq-l-Øns‚ KXn-tISv! kz¥w
Bcm-[-\m-e-b-ß-fn¬ k¿°m¿ `cWw ssIb-S°n
kºØv apgp-h≥ sIm≈-b-Sn®pw [q¿Ø-Sn®pw \in-
∏n- ° p- t ºmgpw ssIbn- e p≈ ]Ww hgn- ] m- s S∂
t]cn¬ `Wv U m- c - Ø n¬ ka¿∏n®v \n»_v Z w
{]m¿∞-n®v aS-ßn-t∏m-cm≥ am{Xw AhImiap≈
lnμp-°ƒ, Xß-fpsS ÿm]-\-ß-fpsS Xe-∏Øv
I]-S-a-tX-X-c-I-£n-I-fpsS {]Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ k¿°m¿
t\man-\n-I-fmbn Ib-dn-∏-‰n, sISp-Im-cy-ÿ-X-bp-sSbpw
Agn-a-Xn-bp-sSbpw tI{μ-ß-fm°n am‰p-Ibpw sNøp-
tºmƒ, t\m°n\n∂v thZ-\n-°m≥am{Xw hn[n°-s∏´
KXn-tISv BtcmSv ]cn-`-hn-°m≥? BtcmSv ]cm-Xn-s∏-
Sm≥? BtcmSv {]Xn-tj-[n-°m≥? Chn-sS-bmWv lnμp
Xo{h-hm-Zn-bm-Ip-∂-Xv. lnμp-hns‚ IÆo-cnse D∏v,
lnμp-hns‚ {]Xn-tj-[Ønse InX∏,v Hcp NnZw-_-c-
Øn\pw tImSn- t b- c n- ° pw a\-   n- e m- ° m- h p- ∂ - X - √ .
lnμp-°ƒ Xo{h-hm-Z-Øn-te°v Xncn-bp-I NqjWw
aqew kln-sI-Sp-tºm-gm-Wv. A\y-a-X-ÿ¿ Xo{h-hm-
Zn- I - f m- I p∂Xv k¿°m- c ns‚ kwc- £ - W hpw
lnμphns‚ Zu¿_- e yhpw apX- s e- S p- Ø m- W v.
R߃s°mt∂ ]d-bm-\p-≈q lnμp-°sf Xo{h-hm-
Zn- I - f m- ° - c pXv . Cu \m´nse sslμ- h - k m- a p- Z m-
bnIkwL-S-\-I-tfmSv R߃s°mcp A`y¿∞-\-bp-
≠v. lnμp-k-aqlw H∂-S¶w t\cn-Sp∂ Cu alm-hn-
]Øv ap≥Iq-´n-°m-Wm≥ Hcp kap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚ ZrjvSn
am{Xw t]mcm. X߃ kz¥w kap-Zm-b-Ønse AwK-
ß-fm-sW-∂-Xn-t\m-sSm∏w Xs∂ lnμp-[¿Ω-Øns‚
LS-I-ß-fm-sW∂pw hnL-Sn-®p-\n-∂m¬ \in-°p-
sa∂pw Adn-b-Ww. lnμp-Xz-sa∂ kph¿W-\q-ep-
sIm≠v ]ckv]cw _‘n®v C∂sØ \ncm-i-bp-sS-
bpw ASn-a-Ø-Øn-s‚bpw a\x-ÿnXn am‰n \Ωƒ Htc
lnμp- [ ¿Ω- Ø ns‚ k¥- X n- I - f m- s W∂ t_m[-
Øn¬\n∂pw i‡n kam-l-cn®v ]c-kv]cw klm-
bn®pw t]mjn-∏n®pw C\n-bp≈ Ime-sØ-¶nepw
{]h¿Øn-°m≥ Xøm-dm-h-Ww. lnμp-°ƒ t\cn-Sp∂
hn]-Øn-s\-°p-dn®v kz¥w AWn-Isf t_m[-hm-∑m-
cm°n euPn- l mZv t]mep≈ NXn- ° p- g n- I - f n¬
s]SmsX kz¥w a°sf lnμp-Xz-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-
\- Ø n¬ hf¿Øn NpW- ° p- ´ n- I - f m- ° n- Ø o¿°m≥
t{]cW \¬I- W w. CXmWv \ΩpsS tZh- ∑ m- c p-
sSbpw al¿jn- a m- c p- s Sbpw k\ym- k n- a m- c p- s Sbpw
]pWy-]p-cp-j-∑m-cp-sSbpw k¶-ev]-sa∂ kXyw Xncn-
®-dn-b-W w. A√m-Ø-] £w lnμp-°ƒ t\cn-Sm≥
t]mIp∂ Zpc-h-ÿ°v \mw Ime-Øn-t\mSv DØcw
]d-tb-≠n-h-cpw.
39
 l\p-aZv i‡nPmK-cW kanXn
`mc-hm-ln-Iƒ
tIm´bw Pn√
apJyc£m-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ:
kzman ]c-am-\μ Xo¿∞]mZ¿, kzman k\m-X\m\μ ]pcn,
kzman Aw_n-Im-\μ kc-kzXn
A≤y-£≥ ˛ tUm.-]n.-Pn. IrjvW-]n≈
P\d¬ sk{I-´dn ˛ Fw.-]n. ctaiv
{Sj-d¿ ˛ Un. A∏p-Ip-´≥
hS-Ic Pn√
apJy-c-£m-[n-Imcn ˛ kzman kp{]-`m-\μ
A≤y-£-≥ ˛ tUm. sI.- C. tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥
P\-d¬ sk{I-´dn ˛ Fw. A®p-X≥
{Sj-d¿ ˛ kp[o-{μ≥. ]n.
Xma-c-t»cn Pn√
apJy-c-£m-[n-Imcn ˛ kzman hniz-cq-]m-\μ
A≤y-£-≥ ˛ sI.-Fw. cma-N-{μ≥
tIm´bw Pn√ l\p-a-Zvi‡n PmK-c¨
kan-Xn- cq]o-I-c-W-tbmKw B¿.-F-kv.-
F-kv. tIm´bw hn`mKv kwL-Nm-eIv
Fw.- F - k v . ]fl- \ m- ` ≥ DZv L m- S \w
sNøp-∂p. Fw.hn.-Fw. \mb¿, kn.-Pn.
hmkp- t Z- h ≥\m- b ¿, hn.- F - ® v.- ] n.
kwÿm- \ - s k- { I- ´ dn hn. taml- \ ≥
F∂n-h¿ kao-]w.
40
P\-d¬ sk{I-´dn ˛ ]qaTw cmL-h≥
{Sj-d¿ ˛ -Kn-cojv
tImgn-t°mSv alm-\-K¿
apJyc£m-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ
{_“. hnth-Im-arX ssNX\y
kzman A≤ym-flm-\μ kc-kzXn
kzman {]mtW-im-\μ
A≤y£≥ ˛ tPym’y≥ {]`m-I-c≥
P\-d¬ sk{I-´dn ˛ Fkv. _m_p-cmPv
{Sj-d¿ ˛ kn. Pb-cmPv
hb-\mSv Pn√
apJy c£m-[n-Imcn ˛kzman ]c-ta-iz-cm-\μ kc-kzXn
A≤y-£≥ ˛ \mcm-b-W≥ \ºym¿
P\ sk{I-´dn ˛ ]n. {]k-∂-Ip-am¿
{Sj-d¿ ˛ kn.-F-kv. _me-Ir-jvW≥
hb-\mSv Pn√ l\p-aZ- vi‡n PmK-c¨
kan- X n- b psS B`n- a p- J y- Ø n¬
_tØcn {io amcn-b-Ω≥t£{Xm¶-
W- Ø n¬\S∂ \ma- P ]b⁄
Øns‚ DZvLm-S\w sI.-Pn. tKm]m-e-
]n≈ \n¿h-ln-®p. tUm. hn. kXym-
\-μ≥\m-b¿, kzman ]c-ta-iz-cm-\μ
kc-kz-Xn, kzman HmwIm-cm-\-μ, ]n.-
B¿. \mcm-b-W≥ \ºym¿, sI.-Fw.
_me-Ir-jvW≥ amÿ, hn. `mkvI-
c≥ amÿ, kn. {]k-∂-Ip-am¿ F∂n-
h¿ kwkm-cn-®p.
1186 I∂n
ln-μp-hn-iz-
 hmb\
At_m-[-Øns‚
h\-ÿ-en-Iƒ
am[-h-Zmkv
I\-hp-I-fn¬ ImWm-ØXv
Xr»n-h-]pcw taml\-N-{μ≥,
ssk≥_pIvkv
Xr»n-h-]pcw taml-\-N-
{μs‚ {]Ya IYm-k-am-lm-c-amb
I\-hp-I-fn¬ ImWm-Ø-Xn¬ I\-
hn-s‚bpw t\mhn-s‚bpw ImgvN-°-
∏p-d-ap≈ km∂n-≤y-ß-fmWv D≈-
S-ßn-bn-´p-≈-Xv. B[p-\n-I-X-bp-
sSbpw ]mc- º - c y- Ø n- s ‚bpw
`mhmw-i߃ Cu IY-Isf am‰n-
\n¿Øp-∂p. _‘-_-‘\-ßsf
AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ
IYm-Ir-Øns‚ ssien Xo{h-am-
Ip-∂Xv GIm-In-bpsS `n∂-hy-‡n-
Xz- ß sf Bhn- j v I - c n- ° p- t ºm-
gmW.v hy‡n- b psS D≈nse
At\Iw hy‡n-Isf Nq≠n-°m-
´p∂ "KwK-bn¬ aS-ßp∂p' F∂
IY Xs∂ DZml-c-Ww. Pohn-®n-
cn-°p-tºmgpw ]nXr-°-fmbn k¶-
ev]n-°s- ∏´v _en-t®m-dp-Æm≥ h[n-
°-s∏-´-h-cpsS taml-`w-K-ß-fpsS
\nizm-k-ß-fm¬ X]vX-amb Cu
IY {it≤-b-am-Wv.
1186 I∂n
ln-μp-hn-iz-
sFXn-ly-ß-fp-ambn sI´p-]n-
Wbp∂ Pohn-X-ßsf Bhn-jvI-
cn-°p-∂-Xn-emWv taml\N{μs‚
ssh`-hw. hy‡nbpw hy‡n-Ifpw
XΩn¬ As√- ¶ n¬ hy‡nbpw
kaq- l hpw XΩn¬ F∂- X n- s \-
°mƒ Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ Du∂¬
hy‡nbpw AkvXn-Xzhpw XΩn-
ep≈ A`n-ap-J-Øn¬\n∂pw DS-
se-Sp-°p∂ Zm¿i-\nIhyY-I-fn-em-
Wv.
a≤y- t I- c - f ob Krl- ß - f psS
hmMvabw H∏n-sb-Sp-°p∂ kμ¿`-
ß-fn¬ {Kmaw \K-c-Øn¬ sN∂v
tNcp- ∂ - X ns‚ kwL¿j- ß ƒ
hmbn-°mw. \h-Po-hn-X-ssi-ensb
t\cn-Sp-tºm-gp≈ bmYm-kvYn-XnI
]cn-{`-ahpw IYIƒ s]mXpsh
]¶p-sh-bv°p-∂p. CØcw \ng-ep-
I-fpsS Ne-\-ß-fn-eq-sS-bmWv ]e
IY-Ifpw hnI-kn-°p-∂-Xpw. ]mc-
º-cy-\∑- I- sf Bt«-jn-°p-tºmƒ
Xs∂ hy‡n-Xz-sØ Nße-°n-
Sp∂ {]Xn- t ema {]h- W - X - I -
fn¬\n∂pw amdn-\n¬°m≥ {ian-
°p∂p F∂ {]tXy-I-Xbpw Cu
IYIƒ°p-≠v. hnizm-k-Øns‚
aXn¬s°-´p-I-sf-°mƒ Ahn-izm-
k-Øns‚ Xpd∂ ta®n¬∏pd-ß-
fn-emWv IY-Iƒ izkn-°p-∂-Xv.
]g-a-bpsS HXp-°p-I-√p-Iƒ Cd-
ßp-∂-htcm Ccpƒ Im¿∂p-Xn-∂p-
I-gn™ \Sp-ap-‰-ß-fn¬ Dem-Øp-
∂-htcm Bhn-jvI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv
Ncn- { X- Ø ns‚ `mK- a m- b m- W v.
Krlm- X p- c - X z- Ø n¬am{Xw Ign-
™p-Iq-Sp-∂-h-c√ taml-\-N-{μs‚
IYm-]m-{X-߃. C∂n-eqsS \msf-
bn-te°v InX-s®-Øm≥ {ian-°p-
∂-h-cpsS P\n-ar-X-I-fpsS k©-b-
am-Wn-Xv.
IpSpw-_-Øns‚ \mep Nph-cp-
Iƒ°p- ≈ n¬ D‰- h - c n¬\n∂p
]oU-\߃ am{Xw A\p-`-hn-t°-
≠n-hc - p∂ s]¨Ip-´n-If - psS Pohn-
X- Z p- c - ¥ - Ø ns‚ kv t Xm`- P - \ - I -
amb Htc-SmWv "kZm-Nmcw' F∂
IY. ImØp-c-£n-t°≠ ]nXm-
hpt]mepw th´-°m-c-\mbn amdp-∂-
Xns‚ _o`-’-I-X-sb-bmWv Cu
IY A\m- h - c Ww sNøp- ∂ - X v .
{Iucy-Øns‚ apcƒ® \nd™
`oXn-P-\-I-amb Hcp hoSmWv kZm-
Nm-c-Øn-ep-≈-Xv. Np‰p-]mSpw Znh-
kw-{]Xn s]¨Ip-´n-Iƒ ImWp-
∂Xpw A\p- ` - h n- ° p- ∂ - X p- a mb
{]Xn-k-‘n-Iƒ Xs∂-bmWv "I\-
hp-I-fn¬ ImWm-ØXv' F∂ IY-
bnepw hmbn-°m-\m-hp-∂-Xv. ka-
Im-en-I-s]¨Po-hn-X-Øns‚ Zpcn-
X-ß-fpsS t\¿°mgvN taml-\-N-
{μs‚ IY-Iƒ t]dp-∂p.
Akv X n- X z- { ]- X n- k - ‘ n- b n¬-
\n∂v XpS-ßnb taml-\-N-{μ≥
FØn- \ n¬°p- ∂ Xv Pohn- X -
Øns‚ ]®-∏-c-am¿∞-ß-fn-em-Wv.
anØp-I-fn¬\n∂pw amdn IY-Iƒ
IqSp-X¬ IqSp-X¬ ka-Im-en-I-am-
Ip-∂p.
41
 1186 I∂namkw Fßs\?-
hntijZn-hk߃
tPym-Xn-jw- 1 jU-ioXn]pWy-Im-ew, Aip-`-tbm-Kw. 2\v
{]tZm-j-{h-Xw. 5\v {io\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-k-am-[n-
Kp in

Zn-\w. 7\v ]u¿ÆanZm-\w, Dam-a-tl-iz-c-{h-Xw.

9\v Aip-`t- bm-Kw, 13\v AjvSI
- I
- m-em-cw-`w, I]n- _p 14 ˛ 11 1/2 I∂n
e-j-jvTn. 16\v Km‘n-P-b-¥n. 18\v GIm-Z-in- _p 31 ˛ 16 1/2 Xpemw
{h-Xw, Bbn-ey-]q-P, aÆm-d»me {][m-\w. 19\v _p
Kpcp-hm-bq-cn¬ aIw {im≤w. 20\v tIZm-c{- h-Xw.
21\v Aam-hmkn Hcn-°¬. 22\v ssh[rXn kN ip Ip c a
\oe-a\ IrjvW≥ \ºq-Xncn ]pWy-Im-ew. 29\v ]qP-sh-∏v, `{Z-Imfn Ah-
0497 2801616 Xm-cZn\w. 30\v alm-\-h-an. 31\v hnP-b-Z-i-an.

taS-°qdv: AizXn, `cWn, Im¿ØnI 1/4
s]mXpth A\p-Iq-e^ - e
- ß
- ƒ ImWp-∂p. sXmgn¬cw-KØ - p-
b¿®. hml-\-hkvXp kw_-‘-ambn kmº-ØnI Db¿®.
If-{X-]p-{X-Kp-Ww, Krl-\n¿Ωm-W-߃ Bcw-`n-°mw. Krl-
Øn¬ awK-f-I¿Ω-\n-›-b-߃, hnZym¿∞n-I-fn¬ {i≤ ˛
a’-c] - c- o-£I - f- n¬ D∂-Xh - n-Pb- w, sXmgn¬ At\z-jW - ß- ƒ
hnP-bn-°pw. Kƒ^v bm{Xm-tbm-K-߃ ImWp-∂p. CjvS-Zn-h-
k-߃ 10, 11, 17, 21, 28, 29.
FS-h-°qdv: Im¿ØnI 3/4, tcmlnWn, aIocyw 1/2
k¥m-\Z-- px-J-߃, t\{X DZ-c-tcm-K-߃ F∂nh Ae-´pw.
hml\ A]-IS- ß - tfm hogvNI - tfm kq£n-°p-I. sXmgn¬cw-
K-Øp-b¿®bpw ]pXnb DØ-ch - m-Zn-Øhpw h∂p-tN-cmw. tae-
[n-Im-cn-I-fpsS CS-s]-S¬, i{Xp-ieyw F∂nh ImWpw.
F¶nepw kmº-ØnI Db¿®-, a’-c-]-co-£-I-fn¬ hnP-bw,
sXmgn-et- \z-jW - ß - ƒ hnP-bn-°pw. at\m-ZpxJw IqSpw. I∂n
20 Ign-™m¬ \√ ^e-߃ {]Xo-£n-°mw.
anYp-\-°qdv: aIocyw 1/2, Xncp-hm-Xn-c, ]pW¿Xw 3/4
s]mXpth KpWw t]mcm. imco-cnI Akz-kY v X-Ifpw k‘n-
th-Z-\-Ifpw DZ-c-tcm-Khpw ^ew. Krl-Øn¬ Kpcp-P-\m-cn-
jvS-Xbpw Ie-lhpw ^ew. a’-c-]-co-£I-fnepw sSÃp-I-
fnepw tXmevhnbpw A\m-hi -- y-bm-{X-Ifpw [mcm-fw. [\-\-
jvShpw ^e-am-Ip-∂p. \n›-bn-®p-d-∏n® ]e Icm-dp-Ifpw
sX‰n-∏n-cn-bpw.
I¿°n-S-I°qdv: ]pW¿Xw 1/4, ]qbw, Bbneyw
hkvXp-hm-l\kw_-‘-ambn [mcmfw [\w h∂p-tN-cpw.
sXmgn¬cwKØpw \√ ^e-߃ {]Xo-£n-°mw. Dt±-in-®-
hn[w Imcy-߃ h∂p-tN-cpw. \√ hnP-bhpw hyh-lm-c-P-
bhpw If-{X-]p-{X-Kp-Whpw ]pWy-t£-{X-Z¿i-\-tbm-Khpw
\n¿Ωm-W-{]-h¿Ø-\-߃ Bcw-`n-°p-hm-\pw Imew \∂v.
Nnß-°qdv: aIw,- ]qcw, D{Xw 1/4
]pXn-b-Xmbn tPmen-bn¬ {]th-in-°p-hm\pw, Kƒ^v bmXm-
tbm-Kß - ƒ h∂p-tN-cm-\pw k¿°m¿ AwKo-Im-cß - tfm ]pc-
kv°m-cß - t- fm In´m\pw km≤yX ImWp-∂p. cmjv{So-bc - w-K-
Øp-≈-h¿°v \√ t\´-ßfpw AwKo-Im-c-ßfpw. hnZym-hn-
Pbw, hkvXp-hm-l-\-tbm-Kw, hnhm-l-tbmKw F∂nh ^ew
I∂n-°qdv: D{Xw 3/4, AØw, NnØnc 1/2
Imew hfsc tamiw. intcm-tcm-K-ßtfm c‡-Zq-jy-tcm-K-
ßtfm aq¿—n-°pw. sXmgn¬XS- hpw i{Xp-X-Xbpw IqSpw.
kmº-ØnI IjvS-\-jvS-ßtfm XkvIc£-btam ImWmw.
Ip´n-I-fpsS hnZym-`ym-k-cw-KØv ]cm-P-b-hpw, Ae-k-Xbpw
\n›-bn-®p-d-∏n® awK-f-I¿Ωm-tem-N-\-Iƒ Ae-kn-∏n-cn-bpw,
Krl-kpJw Ipd-bpw. I∂n 20 Ign-™m¬ Aev]w sa®-s∏Smw.
Xpem-°qdv: NnØnc 1/2, tNmXn, hnimJw 3/4
hkvXp-hm-l\ - ß
- ƒ aqew [\-\m-iw. sXmgn¬cw-KØv i{Xp-
X, tae-[n-Im-cn-If - psS CS-s]-S¬ aqew a\- n\v ]nSn-°mØ
]e Imcy-ßfpw \n¿_-‘-]q¿Δw sNtø-≠n-h-cn-Itbm
sXmgn¬ Dt]-£n-t°-≠X - mtbm hcmw. hnZym¿∞n-If - psS ]Tn-
∏n¬ ]ptcm-KXn t]mcm. ]cm-P-b-`oXn Ae-´pw. imco-cnI
£oWw IqSpw. I∂n 11, 12, 13, 20, 29 Imcy-em-`-Zn-\-߃.
hr›n-I-°qdv: hnimJw1/4, A\ngw, Xrt°-´
]pXnb {]h¿Ø-\-a-WvU-e-߃ Xpd-∂p-In-´pw. hyh-lm-c-
cw-K-Øp-b¿®. hkvXp-hm-l-\-em-`w, sXmgn¬cw-K-Øp-b¿®,
Krl-Øn¬ awK-fI - ¿Ω-\n-›b - ß - ƒ, k¥m-\ß - f
- psS anI®
hnP-bw, AwKo-Im-c-߃, ]e-X-c-Øn¬ kmº-ØnI t\´-
߃ ImWpw. F¶nepw t\{XtcmK-߃ kq£n-°p-I.
[\p-°qdv: aqew, ]qcm-Sw, D{XmSw 1/4
ÿm\-am-\-em-`-߃, kmº-ØnI Db¿®-Iƒ, amXr-_-‘p-
°-fpsS kl-hm-kw, hkvXp-°ƒ kz¥-am-bn-Øo-cp-I. If-
Ø-]p-{X-Kp-Ww. Zqc-bm-{X-Ifpw _mey-Im-e-kp-lr-Øp-°-fp-
ambn I≠p-ap-´p-hm\pw a\x-k-t¥m-j-Øn\pw Ah-kcw
ImWp-∂p. a’-c-]-co-£-I-fn¬ Pbn-°pw. hyh-lm-c-߃
A\p-Iq-ea - m-bn-Øo-cpw.
aI-c-°qdv: D{XmSw 3/4, Xncp-thmWw, Ahn´w 1/2
I∂n-am-kØ - n¬ Kpcp-P\ - m-cn-jSv X- bpw [\-Zp¿hy-bhpw bm{Xm-
t¢-i-ßfpw kzP-\-hn-tcm-[hpw KrlØn¬ AIm-c-W-I-e-
lhpw `bhpw sXmgn¬cw-KØv ISpØ kΩ¿±-ßfpw
kwL¿j-ßfpw hnZym¿∞n-If - n¬ am\-knI ]ncn-ap-dp-°hpw
Xosc {i≤n-°m≥ ]‰m-bvIbpw \n›-bn-®p-d-∏n® ]e Icm-
dp-Ifpw d±m-t°-≠n-h-cn-Ibpw ^ew.
Ipw`-°qdv: Ahn´w 1/2, NX-bw, ]qtcm-cp-´mXn 3/4
hkvXp-hm-l-\m-Zn-Iƒ aqew henb \jvS-ßfpw sXmgn¬cw-
KØv a‰p-≈-h-cpsS CS-s]-S-ep-Ifpw Bflm-`n-am\w tNmZyw
sNø-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Krl-Øn¬ If{XIe-lhpw {]mbw sN∂-
h¿°v tcmK-t¢-ihpw Nn´n, tem´dn apX-em-b-h-bn¬\n∂pw
Aev]w t\´ßfpw, Irjn˛\m¬°men KpWhpw \√ hnZym-
Kp-Whpw Cu amkw ImWmw.
ao\°qdv: ]qtcm-cp-´mXn 1/4, D{X-´m-Xn, tchXn
`mcy-`¿Ør-hn-tbm-K-Zpx-Jhpw [\-\-jvShpw A]-hm-Zhpw
[mcmfw bm{X-Ifpw X∑qew imco-coIt¢ihpw kmº-ØnI
IjvS\ - j
- Sv ß
- fpw sXmgn¬apS-°hpw CjvSa - n-√m-ØnStØ°v
ÿe- a m- ‰ - ß fpw ÿm\--N e- \ hpw Krl- Ø n¬ _‘p-
°fpambn hmIvX¿°-ßfpw ImWpw. AekX aqew hnZym-
]-cm-Pbw. I∂n 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 29 Imcy-em-`-Zn-\-߃.

1186 I∂n
42 ln-μp-hn-iz-