Name : Hariz bin Mohmad Shah

Form : 5 CERDIK

What is landslide? Landslide is a geological phenomenon which includes a wide

range of ground movement such as rock falls, deep failure of slopes and shallow debris
flows. The primary driving force for landslides to occur is gravity. However the actual
landslides require a trigger before it can be happened.

Landslides describe a wide variety of processes such as falling, toppling, sliding,

spreading, or flowing. Landslides usually occur at mountainous region. However they can
also occur on low relief area. In low relief area, landslides occur as cut and fill failures, river
bluff failures and lateral spreading landslides.

There are two types of landslides. They are rotational slides and translational slides.
What is a rotational slide? A rotational slide is a slide which the surface of rupture is curved
concavely upward and the slide movement is roughly rotational about an axis that is parallel
to the ground surface and transverse across the slide. Translational slide which is the
landslide mass moves along a roughly planar surface with little rotation.

There are multiple types of causes of landslides. The three that cause most damaging
landslides around the world are water, seismic activity and volcanic activity.

Water is a primary cause for landslides to occur. This effect can occur in form of
rainfall and snowmelt. Land sliding and flooding are closely related. Usually these two
events often occur simultaneously in the same area.

Many countries which has mountainous area frequently has earthquake. The
occurrence of earthquake increases the likelihood that landslides will occur which allows
rapid infiltration of water.

Volcanic activity is the most devastating types. Volcanic lava may devastate anything in its
path. This volcanic debris flows also known as lahars. It can damage structures in flat areas
surrounding the volcanoes.

Therefore, the effects of landslides on people and structures can be lessened by total
avoidance of landslide hazard areas. Local governments can reduce landslide effects through land
use policies of regulations.