Hydraulics Prof. B.S.

Thandaveswara

2.2 Verify the geometrical elements for Circular channel

Top width of water T
2 2
⎛T⎞ ⎛ dο ⎞ 2
⎜ ⎟ =⎜y - ⎟ =r
⎝2⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠
2
T2 ⎛ d ⎞
or = r2 − ⎜ y - ο ⎟
4 ⎝ 2 ⎠
2 2
⎛d ⎞ ⎛ d ⎞
T = 2 ⎜ 0 ⎟ −⎜y - ο ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠

dο2 ⎛ 2 dο2 d ⎞
T=2 − ⎜⎜ y + - 2y ο ⎟⎟
4 ⎝ 4 2 ⎠

dο2 d 2 2ydο
=2 − y2 − ο +
4 4 2
T = 2 y ( -y +dο ) or T = 2 y ( dο − y )
θ T
sin ( 180 - ) = r
2 2
⎛ θ⎞ θ
or T = dο sin ⎜180 − ⎟ = dο sin
⎝ 2⎠ 2
Area of flow = Area of circle - Area above the chord
T ⎛ d ⎞
Area of triangle = x ⎜ y - ο ⎟
2 ⎝ 2 ⎠
d ⎛ θ ⎞⎛ d ⎞
= ο sin ⎜180 − ⎟ ⎜ y - ο ⎟
2 ⎝ 2 ⎠⎝ 2 ⎠
⎡ d ⎤
⎢ y- ο
θ 2 or y - ο = ο cos(180 − ) = − ο cos ⎥
d d θ d θ
⎢ cos(180 − ) = ⎥
⎢ 2 r 2 2 2 2 2⎥
⎣ ⎦
Area of full circle
Area for θ = xθ
2π
π dο2 d2
= θ = οθ
4.2π 8
dο2 dο2
θ − sin θ
8 8
dο2
Area of flow = (θ − sin θ )
8

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Hydraulics Prof. B.S. Thandaveswara

dο 1 dθ
P = 2π x θ= ο
2 2A 2
1
A 8(
θ − sin θ ) dο2 d θ sin θ
⎛ ⎞
R= = = ο⎜ − ⎟
P dο2
4 ⎝θ θ ⎠
2
dο ⎛ sin θ ⎞
R= ⎜1 − ⎟
4 ⎝ θ ⎠
Z =A D = A A T
1
A 8(
θ − sin θ ) dο2
D= =
T θ
dο sin
2
⎛ ⎞
A dο ⎜ θ − sin θ ⎟
D= = ⎜ ⎟
T 8 ⎜ sin θ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
⎛ ⎞
dο ⎜ θ − sin θ ⎟
D= ⎜ ⎟
8 ⎜ sin θ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
⎛ ⎞
1 dο ⎜ θ − sin θ ⎟
Z = (θ − sin θ ) dο2 ⎜ ⎟
8 8 ⎜ sin θ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
2 (θ − sin θ )
1 .5

Z= 5/2
0.5 d 0
32 ⎛ θ⎞
⎜ sin ⎟
⎝ 2⎠

Indian Institute of Technology Madras