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Ornesaraao 8 rnrrorpa<j>HH OAO IIMK .M,neJI-IIpecc» 420066, f. Kasaas, yJI. J1.eKa6pHCTOB, 2.

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Bsenemre 5

I'aaaa 1. OCHoBHble IIpUHD;UIII>I opraHU3aD;HH ,ll;eROpaTHBHoii

ROMII03UD;UH ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 6

OpraHH3aI1;HH ,ll;eKOpaTHBHoH KOMII03HI1;HH • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 6

PaBHOBeCHe • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 8

CooTHoIIIeHHe CPOPM •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• , 10 BH,lI;hI paBHoBecHH • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 16

qJIeHeHHe rrJIOCKOCTH Ha 't£aCTH • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 17 PHTMH't£ecKa51 opraHH3aI1;H5I MOTHBOB • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 20 ,I:(oMHHaHTa - KOMII03HI1;HOHHbIH I1;eHTp. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 21 OrrTHQeCKHe (sparensmae) RJIJII03HH ••••••••••••••••••••••• 22 Oco6eHHocTH rrOCTpOeHR5I MOHOKOMrr03HI1;HH ••••••••••••••••• 23 flBJIeHHe osepzrennaara Hero pOJIb B ,lI;eKOpaTHBHOH

KOMII03HI1;HH • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 24

Ilocrpoetrae rrpocrpaacrsa 28

H306pameHHe 06'heMHhlX CPOPM B ,lI;eKOpaTHBHoH .)KHBOrrHCH ••••• 32 Cnocofisa opraaaaanaa rrpOCTpaHCTBa • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 35 Bonpocsr ,lI;JIH IIOBTOpeHHH • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 41

TIpaKTH't£ecKHe aanaaaa ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 41

I'aana 2. D;BeT B ,ll;eRopaTuBHoH KOMII03UD;HH •••••••••••••••••••• 54 COKpa~eHH5I, HCrrOJIh3yeMhle B PJIaBe ••••••••••••••••••••••• 54 ,I1;Be OCHOBHMe rpynnsr I1;BeTOB: xpOMaTHqeCKHe

H axposaa'raxecxae 55

OCHOBRhle npH3HaKH UBeTa • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 56 O,ll;HOBpeMeHHbIH CBeTOBOll: KOHTpaCT ••••••••••••••••••••••• 56 O,n;HoBpeMeHHbIH D;BeToBoH KOHTpaCT • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 57 IIOrpaHHqHhIH I1;BeTOBOH KOHTpaCT • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 58 IIOCJIe.n;oBaTeJIhHbIH D;BeToBoH KOHTpaCT • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 58 Hecoticrneamae Ka-qeCTBa I1;BeTa • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 59 Tenmae H xononasre I1;BeTa •••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••• 60 IJ;BeToBoH Kpyr KaK 3aMKHYTbIH ClIeKTp • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 60 Ilepnsre reopan rapxoaasrecxax D;BeTOBhlX coxeraaan ••••••••• 61 Teopna rapMOHHqeCKHX COqeTaHHH IIO CHCTeMe B. K03JIOBa ••••• 63 ,D;BHmeHHe I1;BeTa B rrpOCTpaHCTBe (TeOpH5I B. KaH,lI;HHCKoro) ••••• 68 HaMeHeHHe coocrseaaoro D;BeTa • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 77 UBeToBaH CHCTeMa M. MaTIOIIIHHa ••••••••••••••• • • • • • • • • •• 78 Bonpocsr ,lI;JlH rrOBTOpeHH5I • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 81

IIpaKTHLJecKHe 3a,n;aHHH ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 81

3

I'naaa 3. CTHJIH3aD;H9: B ,IJ;eKOpaTHBHoii KOMU03HD;HH •••••••••••••• 87 I1oH9:THe CTHJIH3a:O;HH H CTHJIH • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 87 CTHJIH3a:O;HH B opaaxenre ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 90 ,ZJ;eKopaTHBHaH CTHJIH3a:O;HH B HaTlOpMopTe • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 94 CTHJIH3a:O;HH IIPHpO,IJ;HLIX CPOPM • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 106 ,I1;eKopaTHBHaH CTHJIHaa:O;HH B KOMII03H:O;HH

aa TeMY IIpHpO,ll;HLIX CPOPM •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 110 CTHJIH3a:O;H.f1 B ,IJ;eKOpaTHBHOM IIeH3ame •••••••••••••••••••••• 112 BOIIPOCLI ,ll;JIH IIOBTopeHHH • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 115

I1paKTH"tIeCKHe aanaana • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 115

I'aaaa 4. rpa~l{qeCKHe BoaMOatHOCTH B ,IJ;eKOpaTHBHOM

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H KOMIIoaH:O;HH Ha HHX. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 125

Hsotipaseeaae CPPYKTOB •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 126 Mao6pameHHe ,ll;paIIHpOBOK ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 129 Haotipaacenae paCTHTeJILHLIX CPOPM • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 131 Haotipasceaae 06'1>eKTOB mHBOTHoro MHpa. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 132 Hsotipaaceaae MOPCKHX KaMeIIIKOB H paKYIIIeK • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 134 rpacpH"tIeCKOe aaotipaaeeaae HaTlOpMopTHLIX IIOCTaHOBOK • • • • • • •• 136

PHcoBaHHe KHCTLIO •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 138

BOIIpOCLI,lI;JIHIIOBTopeHHH •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 139 I1paKTH"tIeCKHe aa,n;aHHH • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ... • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 139

JiHTepaTypa ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 144

4

B CB5I311 C rr05lBJIeHHeM ARCD;IIIIJIHasr .,n;eKOpaTIIBHM KOMrr0311D;1I51» aa xynoacecraeaao-rparpa-recxax cpaKYJIbTeTaX B03HIIKJIa He06xOAIIMOCTb CHCTeMaTR3a.r:J;HH aexoropsrx TeopeTH"tJeCKHX yCTaHoBOK B eAIIHOM rroco- 6HH, paCC"tJHTaHHOM aa pa3JIH"tJHbIH yposeas rrOArOTOBKII czy.n;eHTOB, B KOTOPOM MomHO 6hlJIO 6hl 03HRROMHTbCJI C OCHOBHhlMII 3aKOHRMII nocrpoeHIIH KOMrr03I1D;IIH.

D;eJIb naaaoro y"tJe6Horo rroco- 611.11 - rrOMO"tJb CTYAeHTaM B H3yqeHIIH OCHOB AeKopaTIIBHOH KOMrr0311D;HH H OBJIaAeHIIH HaBhlKaMH AeKopaTHBHoro H306pameHHH pa3JIH"tJHhlX 06'beKTOB.

TeopeTH"tJeCKHH MaTepHaJI rrpOHJIJIIOCTPHPOBaH rpaq,H"tJeCKHMH cxesaaMH, q,OTorpaq,HHMH npoasaeneaaa H3BeCTHhlX XYAomHHKOB H 60JIbmHM KOJIII"tJeCTBOM CTYAeH"tJeCKHX pa60T. 9TO naer B03MO:>KHOCTb n03HaKOMHTbC5I C pa3JIH"tJHhIMH cpopMaMH CTHJIH3aD;HH H MHomeCTBOM rpacplIqeCKHX cpeACTB, rrpHMeHHeMhlX B AeKopaTHBHOH KOMn03HlI;HH H HayqHTbCJI IICnOJIbaOBaTb HX B co6CTBeHHOM TBop"tJeCTBe.

Tlocotiae COCTOHT R3 lIeThlpeX rJIaB, Ka:>KAaJl H3 KOTOPhlX cHa6meaa P5lAOM onopasrx BorrpOCOB H nparcTH"tJeCKHX 3a,l1;aHHH.

TIepBaH r JIaBa co.n;ep:>KHT HH«pOPMalI;HIO 06 OCHOBHhlX npaarranax

opraHHaa~HH AeKopaTRBHoH KOMrr03I1D;HH, crroco6ax pa3MeIII;eHII5I H306pa:>KaeMhlX 06'beKTOB na cpopMaTe rrJIOCKOCTH, HX B3aHMOCB5I3H C y"tJeTOM orrTH"tJeCKHX (3pIITeJIhHhIX) IlJIJII03HH, B03HHKaIOIII;IIX rrpa BOCrrpHHTHH.

Bo BTOPOH r.naae nocofiaa nonP06HO paCCMaTpHBaIOTCH CBOHCTBa pa3JIH"tJHhIX lI;BeTOB H rrpIIBo.n;5ITCH BapHaHThI COCTaBJIeHHJI D;BeTOBhIX rapMoHIIH. Oco6oe BHIIMaHHe YAeJIeHO reopaa ,lI;BHmeHHH D;BeTa B npoCTpaHCTBe B. KaH.n;IIHcKoro H ee rrpaKTH"tJeCKOMY rrpHMeHeHHIO.

TpeTbH rorasa pacxpsmaer sorrpoChl CTHJIH3aIJ;HH, rrepepaeo'nca npaPOAHOH CPOPMhI B pa3JIIIlIHhIX sanax AeKopaTHBHhIX KOMrr03HD;HH.

qeTBepTaH rJIaBa rroco6HJI .n;aeT rrpencraanenxe 0 MHoroo6pa:um rpacpH"tJecKHx B03MomHocTeH B AeKopaTHBHOM H306pameHHH 06'beKTOB OKpyacaromero MHpa. Oc060e BHHMaHHe y,ll;eJIeHO C03HaTeJIbHOMY HCnOJIb- 30BaHHIO rpacpH"tJecKHx cpeACTB C D;eJIhIO YCIIJIeHHJI IIH.n;HBHAyaJIbHhlX ocoeeaaocrea H306pamaeMoro MOTHBa.

BhIrrOJIHeHHe npaKTH"tJeCKHX aaAaHHH, npaaaraexsrx K Kam.n;oH roraBe, AaCT B03MO.mHOCTh aRKpeIIHTh H3yqeHHhlH MaTepHaJI H rrOBblCHTb nporpeccaoaansaoe MaCTepCTBO CTyAeHTOB.

5

rnaBa 1

OCHOBHblE np~HUMnbl OprAHM3AUMM AEKOPATMBHO~ KOMn03MlJ,MM

OpraHM3alJ,MSI AeKopaTMBHoM KOMn03MIJ,MM

CJIOBO « ROMn03H~H.lIl) B nepeao,lI;e C JIaTHHCRoro 6YRBaJIhHO 03Ha~IaeT COCTaBJIeHHe, CB.lI3hIBRHHe, coe,ll;HHeHHe tIaCTeH. RCS onpeneaaer STOT TepMHH RaR « noc'rpoe a ae xY,lI;OmeCTBeHHoro rrpoaaaenaaaa, 06YCJIOBJIeHHOe ero conepacaaaesa, xapaRTepOM H HR3HatIeHHeM H BO MHorOM onpezrezrmoznee ero BOCIlpH.lITHe. KOMIl03H~H.lI - BamHeHIIIHH opraHH3ylOW;HH MOMeHT XY,ll;OmeCTBeHHOH q>0PMhI, IlpH.n;alOW;HH IlpOH3Be,ll;eHHIO e,ll;HHCTBO H ~eJll)HOCTh, COnO,ll;'tIHH.lIIO~HH ero 3JIeMeHThI ,lI;pyr ,lI;pyry H n;eJIOMy. < ... > B IlpaRTH'tIeCRHX HCRYCCTBax KOMIlO- 3H~H.lI 06'be,ll;HHHeT tIaCTHhIe MOMeHThI nOCTpOeHH.lI xY,lI;OmeCTBeHHOH q>OPMhI (peansaoe HJIH HJIJII030pHOe q>OpMHpOBaHHe IlpOCTpaHCTBa H 06'beMa, CHMMeTpH.lI H aCHMMeTpaa, MaCIIITa6, pHTM H IlPOIlOp~HH, HIOaHC H ROHTpaCT, nepcrrercraaa, rpynnapoaxa, rrserosoe peIIIeHHe II T.,lI;.)l)1.

B nponecce C03,l1;aHII.lI ,lI;eROpaTHBHOH ROMn03H~HH paaxeme.aae H pacnpeneneaae H306pa3l1TeJIhHhlX 3JIeMeHTOB npOIICXO,ll;HT no onpene-

JIeHHOH cxexe B JIOrH'tIeCROH nOCJIe,lI;OBaTeJIhHOCTlI, 3aJIOmeHHOH aBTOpOM. 11306pa3HTeJIhHhIe cpencraa II CTHJIeBhIe ocoeeaaocra ,lI;OJImHhI 6hITh COrJIaCOBaHhI, nozmaaeasr neJIOMY, npa aTOM HeJIb3H 3a6hIBaTb ,n;eTaJIH, xo-ropsre ar paror oxeas BRmHYIO POJIb.

Cy~eCTBYIOT 08a cnoco6a XY,ll;OmeCTBeHHoro BlI,lI;eHlIH npa opranaaanaa ROMn03Hn;IIH:

1. Cocpenoroxeaae BHHMaH1UI aa OT,lI;eJIbHOM npeaxere RaR ,lI;OMHHaHTe Bceit ROMn03Hn;HH II aocnpaHTHH OCTaJIhHOrO TOJIhRO no OTHOIIIeHll10 R He My • B 3TOM cnyxae oxpyaearomaa cpezra BH,lI;HTCH TaR Ha3hIBaeMhlM 60ROBhIM 3peHHeM H ,lI;eq>opMHpyeTcH, nO,D;tIHHHHCh neaTPy BHHMaHHH H pa60TaH aa Hero (pac, 1).

2. Baneane B n;eJIOM, 6e3 BhI,lI;eJIeHHH OT,lI;eJIhHOrO npeaxera, IIpH aTOM JII06hIe ,lI;eTaJIH nO,ll;'tIHHHIOTCH n;eJIOMY, YTpa'tlIlBaIOT CBOIO caaoCTOHTeJIhHOCTh. B TaROH ROMn03H~HH HeT HII rJIaBHOrO, HH BTopOCTeneHHoro - 3TO e,ll;HHhIH aHCaM6JIh (pHC. 2).

I KOM:II03HD;H.H / / BC3. - 3-e H3,n;. ~ M., 1973. - T. 12. - C. 593.

6

PMC. 1. BapMaHTbI KOMn03Ml.I.MA C OANOM AOMMH8HTOM

PMC. 2. BapM8HTbI KOMn03Ml.I,MM 6e3 BblAeneHMA AOMMH8HTb1

7

PaBHOBeCMe

BCHK8.JJ IIPElBHJIhHO IIOCTpOeHHaH KOMII03HD;HH HBJIHeTCH ypannoaemeHHOH.

PaBBOBeCHe - aTO pa3MeID;eHHe aJIeMeHTOB KOMII03HD;HH, IIpH KOTOPOM KajK,D;blH IIpe,D;MeT HaXO,D;HTCH B YCTOH'qHBOM IIOJIOjKeHHH. Ero MecTOHaxOjK,D;eHHe He Bbl3b1BaeT COMHeHHH H jKeJIaHHH lIepe,D;BHHyTh ero IIO

CUMMeTpwmaH KOMn03ULJ,UH

8

H306pa3HTeJIhHOH IIJIOCKOCTH. IIpH aTOM He rpetiyerca TO'qHoro aepxansaoro COOTBeTCTBHH IIpaBOH H JIeBOH CTOpOH (CHMMeTpHH ncerna ypaaaoaemena, a paBHOBeCHe He aoerzta CHMMeTpH'qHO) (pHC. 3).

KOJIHQeCTBeHHoe COOTHomeHHe TOHaJIhHblX H D;BeTOBblX KOHTpaCTOB JIeBOH H IIpaBoH 'qacTeH KOMII03HD;HH

ACUMMeTpwmaH KOMn03ULJ,UH

PHc.3

.n;OJDKHO 6bITb paBHbIM. EC.lIH me B O.n;HOH qaCTH qHC.lIO ROHTpaCTHbIX IT.IITeH 60.lIbrne, aeotixonasro YCH.lIHTb ROHTpaCTHbIe OTHorneHHH B .n;pyroH qaCTH, .lIH6o OC.lIa6HTb ROHTpaCTbI B nepaofi. MomHO H3MeHHTb oxepraHHH npezrsreroa, YBe.lIHqHB nepasrerp KOHTpaCTHbIX OTHorneHHH.

AJIH YCTaHOB.lIeHHH paBHOBeCH.11 B KOMII03HD;HH BamHbI q:,opMa, aanpaa.neaae, MeCTO paCIIO.lIOmeHHH H306pa·

3HTe.lIbHbIX 3.lIeMeHTOB (pIIC. 4). Heypasaoaemeaaaa ROMII0311D;IIH BbIr.lIH,lI;IIT C.lIyqaHHOH II Heo6oCHOBaHHoit, BbI3bIBarom;eit me.lIaHlle ,lI;aJIbrne pa- 60TaTb aan HeH (I1POIl3BO,ll;IITb nepeROMrroHoBRY 3.lIeMeHTOB II IIX ,lI;eTa.lIeit) (pIIC. 5).

Ilpaaansao nocrpoeaaaa ROMIIO- 311D;IIH He MomeT BbI3bIBaTb COMHeHIIH II qYBCTBa HeOIlpe,ll;e.lIeHHOCTII • B Heit .n;omKHa 6bITb ycnoxaaaaro-

P ... c. 4. PaBHoBec ... e KOHTpacTHbix mneH B KOMnoa ... "" ......

YpBBHOBeweHHBR KOMn03HL4HR

HeypaBHoBeweHHBR KOMn03HI..4HR

P ... c.5

9

I I
I- I-
f----- - -r-
ei
I I

A 6 8 I PMC. 6. npocTeAwMe cxeMW nOCTpOeHM" KOMno3M ......

maa rJIa3 HCHOCTL cooraomenaa, nponopnaa,

PaccMoTpHM npocreamae cxesrsr IIocTpoeHHH KOMII03HD;HH, I!pHBO,ll;HMbIe P. ApHxeHMoM (pHC. 6).

H306pa.meHHe A - vpaaaoaemeaaoe, B CO'tleTaHHH ero KBa,ZJ;paTOB H npHMoyrOJIhHHKOB paaJIH"'IHbIX paaaepos H nponopnak 'tIYBCTByeTCH .mH3HL, HHlIero He XOlieTCH H3MeHHTh HJIH ,ZI;068.BHTL, H eCTL KOMno- 3H~HOHHasI HCHOCTb nponopnaa.

Mo.muo CPaBHHTb YCTOiitnmym aepTHKaJILHyIO JIHHHIO na pHC. A, C KO-

JIe6JIIo~eiicH aa pHC. B. Tlporropnaa aa pHC. B OCHOBaHbI aa He60JIhmHX pa3JIH'tIHSlX, xoropsre MemaIOT onpe,ZI;eJIHTL HX paBHOn;eHHocTL, nOHRTL, liTO H306pameHO - npHMoyrOJIhHHK HJIH KBa,ZJ;paT.

Ha pHC. B Kam,Zl;bIH ,ZI;HCK B OT,lI;eJILHOCTH BbIrJIH,ZI;HT neypaaaosenrenHbIM. Bxecre OHH o6paaylOT napy, KOTopaa HaXO,Zl;HTCH B COCTOHHHH nOKOH. Ha pHC. I' Ta me caxaa napa BhlrJIH,lJ;HT coaepmeaao Hec68J.1aHCHpoaaaaoii, TaR KaR C,ZI;BHHYTa OTHOCHTeJIhHO oceii KBa,ZJ;paTa.

COOTHoweHMe cIlOPM

Bo BpeMH pa60TLI HM KOMII03HD;Beii MhI HMeeM ,ZI;eJIO C pa3JIH'tIHLIMH napaxerpaxa.

Ilpa KOMnOHOBKe ,pOPM aa nJIOCKOCTH 60JIbIUOe eaaseaae HrpalOT scactunuui, nponopuuu II MOiJyJtb H306pa.maeMlilx BeJIH'tIHH. OT npaBHJILHOrO HX HCDOJIL30BaHHH 3aBHCHT BbIpa3HTeJILBOCTL KOMn03H:U;HH.

MacmTa6 - 3TO COH3MepeHHe BeJIHlIHH H306pameHHoro 06'LeKTa no

10

OTHomeBHIO K ,ZI;eiiCTBBTeJIhHbIM BeJIH"({HHaM. BCRKaH KOMn03B~HH aa'tIHHaeTCH C YCTaHOBJIeHBH paaaepos H306pa.meHHH: xpynaoe H306pameHHe 3pHTeJIbHO YMeHbmaeT ,popMaT H306pa3HTeJILHOii nJIOCKOCTH, MeJlxoe - yseJIHT{HBaeT (pHC. 7).

IIpoDop~RH - aTO COOTHomeHHe 3JIeMeHTOB H306pamaeMoH ,pOpMbI.

MOP;YJIL - e,Zl;HHH:u;a H3MepeHHSI (BeJIB'tIHHa Ma3Ka, mrpaxa, KYCOq-

MeflKUM MOAYflb "IfleHeHUl1

PMc.7

11

A

5

/

/ /

B

PMC. 8. B BapMaHT8xA M Ii Ci»MryPbl 3pMTenbHO BeCHT MeHbwe, "teM B BapMaHTe B

rca CMaJIhThI). OH Haxo,n;HTC.R B IIPOIIOp~HOH8JIhHOM OTHomeHHH K BeJIH'tIHHe H306pa:a<:eHH.R.

IIpH penreamr BOIIPOCOB paBHOBeCH.R B KOMIIoaH~HH Ba:a<:HO MeCTOTIOJIOmeHHe 3JIeMeHTOB: OT Toro, B KaKon 'tIaCTH KOMTI03H~HH paasre~aeTC.R npemaer, aaBHCHT ero nee. 3JIeMeHT, Haxo,n;.R:W;HnC.R B nearpe KOMII03H:U;HH HJIH 6JIH3KO K HeMY, JIH60 paCTIOJIOmeHHhln aa BepTHKaJIhHon ~eHTPaJIhHOn OCH KOMII03H~HOHHO BeCHT MeHhme, 'tIeM 3JIeMeHT, aaxo,n;.RW;HnC.R BHe 3TH X OCHOBHhlX JIHHHn (pHC. 8).

COBTIa,n;eHHe H306pameHH.R C JIHHH.RMH CTPYKTypHoro IIJIaHa KOMIIO- 3H~HH BHOCHT !3JIeMeHT cTa6HJIhHOCTH (pHC. 9).

Paccsrorpasr rrpassepsr KOMIIOHOBKH B q,opMaTe IIJIOCKOCTH.

12

PMC. 9. CTPYKTYPHblM nnaH KBaApaTHoro Ci»opM8Ta nnOCKOCTM

Ilpezraer, paCIIOJIOmeHHhlH B nepxHen 'tIaCTH KOMII03Hll;HH, BhlrJI.R,n;HT JIer'tle Toro, 'tITO IIOMew;eH BHH3Y (pHc.10).

IIpe,n;MeT CIIpaBa OT ll;eHTpa rcameTC.R T.RmeJIee (pHC. 11). 3TO CB.R- 3aHO C TeM, 'tITO JIeBOe IIOJIymapHe rOJIOBHOrO Moara ,n;OMHHHpyeT nazt npaasna. Caaxana MhI BH,n;HM JIeByK> 'tIaCTh KOMII03Hll;HH, IIOTOM rJIa3 IIepeaaaraerca BIIpaBO, T.e. aa JIeBOn 'tIaCTH KOMII03Hll;HH OH aanepaeaaaeTC.R MeHhwe, HemeJIH aa npasoii.

Ilpezeaer, H306pameHHhln B nepcrreKTHBHOM H3MepeHHH, KameTC.R T.RmeJIee, HemeJIH TOT me npezoaer BO q,pOHTaJIbHOM H306pameHHH (pHc.12).

IIpH YCTaHOBJIeHHH paBHOBeCH.R B KOMII03Hll;HH 60JIbmYK> POJIb arpaer q,opMa 06'beKTa. ITpaBHJIbHa.R q,op-

/ /

PMc.10

PMc.11

Ma BhIrJUI,ll;HT TH.iKeJIee, 'tIeM aenpaBHJIhHaH (pHC. 13).

,D;eKopaTHBHhIe KOMrr03HD;HH MOryT 6hITh BhIrrOJIHeHhI H3 3JIeMeHTOB paanoa KOHqmrypaD;HH. B 3TOM CJIYxae Heo6xo)J;HMO BepHO orrpenena-rs rrOJIO.iKeHHe Ka.iK)J;OH: qmryphI B 3aBHCHMOCTH OT ee IPOPMhI (pHC. 14).

KOMrraKTHocTh, T.e. c rene aa, C KOTOPOH Macca KOHD;eHTpHpyeTcH soxpyr csoero nenrpa, TaK.iKe BJIHHer aa sec. KOMrraKTHoe H306pa.iKeHHe BhIrJIH)J;HT TH.iKeJIee, He.iKeJIH paCrrOJI3alOID;eeCH B CTOPOHhI, xoraa sec CTpeMHTCH BhIHTH aa npenensr CPOPMhI (pHC. 15).

BepTHKaJIhHO pacnoaoaeeaasre CPOPMhI Ka.iKYTCH TH»teJIee, 'tIeM naKJIOHeHHhIe, HeycTOH'tIHBhIe (pHC. 16).

Harrpaanenae paCIIOJIO.iKeHHH 3JIeMeHTOB TaK.iKe BJIHHeT aa paBHOBe-

PMc.12

0(10D Db 6.\>

PMc.13

CHe KOMII03HD;HH. Hanpmaep, zraarOHaJIh B xaazrpa're, npoaenexaaa CHH3Y CJIeBa B npansra BepXHHH yrOJI, BocrrpHHHMaeTCH BOCXO)J;H* m;eH, a TaKaH ace zraaroaam., narrpaBJIeHHaH M3 BepXHero JIeBOrO ynna B Hli.iKHHH rrpaBhIH, ~ HMCXO)J;Hw;eH (pHC. 17). CBH3aHo 3TO C TeM, 'tITO Ham rJIa3 CHa'tIaJIa C'tIHThIBaeT JIeBYlO 'tIaCTh H306pameHHH, a 3aTeM npaayso.

Tlpocrora H CJIOmHOCTh IPOpMhI BJIHHeT aa paBHOBeCHe KOMrr03MD;HH. KBa)J;paT B YCTOH'tIHBOM rrOJIO.iKeHMM ~ caMaH «THmeJIaH)) IPHrypa, 3TO CBOHCTBO YCHJIHBaeTCH HJIM OCJIa6JIHeTCH D;BeTOM. Ho BHyTpH ce6H KBMpaT HMeeT CKphITbIe )J;BH.iKeHHH, I10-pa3HOMY BOCIIpHHMMalOTCH ero nepx H HH3, JIeBaH H npasaa 'tIaCTH, yrJIbI H cepeztaaa. Pa3)J;eJIHB ero,

13

14

P",c. 14

PMC. 15

PMc.18

MomHO rcoppexrapoaaes aocnpaa-rae 3THX ~IacTeH aa C'IeT D;BeToBhIx Ii rpatPH'IeCB:HX BlCD;eHToB (pHC. 18).

TpeyrOJIbHHK - caMaH «CTpe1'4HTeJIbHaH. tPop1'4a ,n;JUI aocnp aaTHH - YCTOH'tIHB TOJIbKO roraa, xorna OAHa H3 CTOPOH ropH30HTaJIbHa (pHC. 19, A). Bee ,n;IlHaMIl'tlHhIe $opMhI CTpeMHTCH K TpeyrOJIbHHKY.

Kpyr - <PoP1'4a, cocpe,n;OTOqeHHaH B ceGe, B HeH coenaneasrnearpoeeaeHM, uearpocrpexareasaaa CHJIhI H xpyronsre ,n;BHmeHIlH. He HMeH BbIpaaeeaaoro OCHOBaHHH, xpyr' scerna HeycToH'IIlB (pac, 19, B).

HeYCTOUf./VlBble

YCTOU'IVlBble

5

PMc.19

PMc.20

rOBOpH 0 npOCTOTe H CJIO)KHOCTH $OpMhI, cnenyer OTMeTHTb, 'tITO napaJIJIeJIbHble JIHHHH KOMn03HD;HOHHO npome, qeM nepecexaromaeca, TaK KaK B3aHMOOTHomeHHH onpe,n;eJIHIOTCSI nOCTOHHHhIM paCCTOSlHHeM Me)l(,n;y HHMH. I1PSlMOH yrOJI TaRme BocrrpHHHMaeTC.H KOMII03HIJ;HOHHO npome, qeM ,n;pyrHe, nOTOMY lITO ,n;eJIHT npOCTpaHCTBO aa pasasre yr JIhI (pHc.20).

B KOMIT03HIJ;HH nee <pOPMbI B3aHMOCB.H3aHhI H BJIHHIOT ,n;pyr aa ,n;pyra, coaaaaaa TY HJIH HHYIO KOMII03HIJ;HOHHYIO cHTyaIJ,HIO.

15

BMAblpaBHOBeCMH

HTaK, MbI BbIHCHHJlH, qTO BCHKaH KOMn03HUHH ,lI;OJl:>RHa 6bITb ypaaaosenreaa. Ilpa 3TOM paBHOBeCHe 6bIsaer ,lI;ByX BH,ll;OB.

Cmamuxeexoe paBHOBeClIe B03HIIxaer npa CHMMeTpHqHOM paCIIOJlOmeHIIH <}>Hryp aa IIJIOCKOCTII OTHOCHTeJlhHO BepTHKaJIhHOR II rOpH30HTaJIhHOH OCeH <}>OpMaTa KOMII03HD;1I11 CHMMeTPl{qHOH <}>0PMbI.

/fuH4Mu"eCKOe pRBHOBeClIe BoaHHKaeT npa aCHMMeTpH"IHOM paCIIOJIO:>ReHHH <}>Hryp aa IIJlOCKOCTII, T.e. npa HX C,lI;BHre BIIpaBO, BJleBO, nsepx, BHH3 (pHC. 21).

CrBn''1eCKOe osenoeecne

-<D-

I

A

16

Tlpuscesanue: qTo6bI <}>Hrypa xa- 3aJIaCh H306pa:>ReHHOH B ueHTpe IIJIOCKOCTH, ee HY:>RHO HeMHoro nepe,ll;BHHyTh BBepx OTHOCHTeJlhHO ocea <}>OPMRTR. Kpyr, pacnozroaceaHbIH B nenrpe, Ka:>ReTCH CMeIIJ;eHHbIM BHH3, 3TOT a<}><}>eKT YCHJIHBaerca, eCJlH HH3 iepyra OKpaCHTb B TeMHbIR UBeT (pHC. 22, A). KpYIIHyIO <}>Hrypy B JleBOH qaCTII IIJlOCKOCTH B COCTOXHIIH ypasaoaecars, He- 60JlhmO:H: KOHTPRCTHbIH 9JIeMeHT B IIpaBoH, KOTOPbIH aKTHBeH B CHJIY CBOHX TOHRJIbHbIX oTHomeHHH C <}>OHOM (pHC. 22, B).

,aUH8MU'IeCKOe pasHosecue

PMc.21

re-

I •

e-

I ••

•

5

PMc.22

"IneHeHMe nnOCKOCTM Ha "8CTH

STo KOMII03H~OHHhlH rrpHeM ,n;OCTHmeHHSI PaBHOBecHSI B KOMII03H~H, xorna neperpvnnapoaxa SJIeMeHTOB HemeJI8TeJIbH8 HJIH He,ll;OCTaTOqH8. qam;e scero T8lCOH IIpueM HCnOJIb3yeTCH B COBOKyrrHOCTH C ,lq>yrHMH BhIpaaHTeJIbHbIMH cpe,n;CTBaMH.

"LIJIeHeHHe WIOCI(OCTH npeznronaraer YCTaBOBJIeHHe paaJIHqHbIX OTHO-

meHHH, TOH8JIbHLIX HJIH D;BeTOBbIX, Me)R,D;Y 06paaOBaBillHMHCSI qaCTSlMH, YMeJI8H M8.HHIIYJlH~H ROTOPhlMH IIO- 3BOJIHeT ,ll;OCTHqh >ReJIaeMOrO P8.BHOBeCHH B KOMII03HD;HH (pHC. 23). ECJIH OTHomeHHH 9TH OCHOBLIB81OTCH aa O,ltHHaKOBbIX qaCTSlX, B03HHKaeT MOMeRT CTaTHRH, eCJIH aa HeO,ll;HH8lCOBLIX - ,ll;HHaMHKH (pUC. 24).

"'IneHeHHe nnOCKOCTH Ha '1aCTH no npHHL(Hny CHMMeTpHH

"'IneHeHHe nnOCKOCTH Ha '1aCTH no npHHl,{HnyacHMMeTpHH

PMc.23

PMc.24

17

Plllc.25

18

r:~ .

• " I .... __.

PMC. 26. npOcTeMwMe cxeM8TM'teCKMe npMMepbI MCnOnb30B8HMR 'fneHeHMR nnOCKOCTM H8 'taCTM C qenblO AOCTMlKeHMfI p8BHoBecMSI

"llJIeHeHlle ocym;eCTBJIHeTCH npaMhIMR HJIH KpRBLIMR JIIIHR.HMH H rrozmepacaaae'rca D;BeToM RJIH TOHOM. IIpHBe,l1;eM HaR60JIee qaCTO BCTpe'l!aIOID;ReC.H aapaasrrsr 'l!JIeBeHR.H rrJIOCKOCTH aa 'tIaCTR, xoropsre Mbl MomeM HCrrOJIb30BaTb B CBOHX ROMrr03HD;H.HX (pRC. 25).

B03MomHo 'tIJIeHeBRe B O,l1;HOM HJIH HeCKOJIbRHX HarrpaBJIeBHHx. 'tfJIeHeHHe rrp.HMbIMH JIHHH.HMH AOBOJILHO rrpOCTO. Hnaxe 06CTOIIT AeJIO npll RCrrOJIb30BaHHR rrapa60JIH'l!eC-

KIIX JIIIBHH, TaR RaR OHII caMIi no ceGe aecyr Banp.HmeBBOCTb R Heo6- XO,l1;IIMO COBMeCTHTL B O,l1;HOH rrJIOC1WCTH rrporaaopeuassre rrp.HMOJIHBeHasre II KPRBOJIRBeHBble ,l1;BHmeHHH (pRC. 26). ¥ CJIOmHeHHLIe BapHaHTLI 60JIee nparonasr ,l1;JI.H IIPOCTbIX ROMII0311D;RH, 9JIeMeBTbI KOTOPblX He HMeIOT CJIOmHhlX KOHqmrypa:U;HH, aaaxe IIX KOBTYP1>I 3aTep.HIOTCSI B CJIOmHOM 'l!JIeHeHHR Hero HCIlOJIb- 30BaHHe He 6Y,l1;eT KOMII03RD;HOHHO orrpaazraao,

19

PMTMM"IeCKaSi OpraHM3814MSI MOTMBOB

,D;JIH ,n;OCTHmeHliH BLIpa3HTeJII>HOCTH B ,n;eKOpaTHBHOH KOMU03HD;HH HeMaJIOBamHYIO POJII> arpaer PHTMH'IeCKaH opraanaarraa li B3aliMOCBH3I> li306pa3liTeJII>HhlX 3JIeMeHTOB aa UJIOCKOCTli.

B03MOmHO pHTMH'IeCKOe xepenoBaHHe pa3JIli'IHLIX <pHryp C y6LIBaHHeM HJIli HapaCTaHHeM KaKHX-JIH60 Ka'IeCTB (pa3MepOB, nOBopOTOB, MepLI CJIOmHOCTH, D;BeTOBOH HJIH TOHaJII>HOH HaChlm;eHHOCTH, CTeueHH rpa<pH'IeCKOH HJIli ,n;eKopaTliBHOH o6pa6oTKH <p0PMLI).

B 3RBliCliMOCTH OT pRcnOJIomeHHH qmryp KOMU03HD;liH MomeT 6bITI> CTaTli'IHOH liJIli ,ll;HHRMH'IHOH. B nepBOM cnyaae 3JIeMeHTLI pacnonararorCH CHMMeTpli'IHO OTHOCHTeJII>HO ocea

A

CPOPMRTR. Bo BTOPOM CJIY'Iae B03- MomHhl CJIe,n;yIOm;He aapaaarsr:

1. TIPH O.n;liHRKOBOCTli MOTHBOB ,n;liHRMli'IHOCTI> ,n;OCTlIraeTCH sa C'IeT pa3JIli'IHOrO paCCTOHHHH Mem,n;y 3JIeMeHTRMli KOMII031ID;Hli, a TRKme oa C'IeT crym;eHliH IIX aa O,n;HIIX yqacTKRX KOMII03liD;lIli II paapeaceaaoera HR ,ll;pyrliX. TIPOliCXO,n;IIT 3TO no onHOMY m('paMeTPY - paCCTOHHliIO (pHC. 27, A).

2. !3JIeMeHTLI ozraaaxonoro MOTliBR IIMeIOT pa3JIli'IHLIe paassepsr H pRCIIOJIaraIOTCH na PR3HOM PRCCTOHHlili ,n;pyr OT ztpyra. ,D;IIHaMli'IHOCTI> ,n;OCTliraeTCH 6JIaro,n;apH KOHTpaCTY no TpeM napaererpax: paCCTOHHHIO Mem,n;y 3JIeMeHTaMH, HX paaaepaa li IIOBopOTaM (pHC. 27, B, B).

6

<D0 ill a9

PMC. 27. BapMaHTbl pacnOnO)l(eHM~ 4>Mryp B AMHaMM'IecKoA KOMn03M u MM

B

20

AOMMH8HT8 - KOMn03M .... MOHHbIM u eHTp

,lJ;JISI TOrO, lITo6:bI JIIo6aSl KOMnO- 3HD;Ha CTaJIa BbIpa3HTeJIbHOii, OHa ,zr;OJI~Ha HMeTb KOMn03HD;HOHHbIH D;eHTp, ,zr;OMHHaHTY, xoropaa Mo~eT COCTOSlTb H3 HeCKOJIbKHX ::meMeHTOB HJIH ozraoro 60JIbWOro, STO MOaeer 6bITb H csooonaoe rrpocrpaaCTBO - KOMn03HD;HoHHaa rrayaa, BapHaHTbI opraHH3aD;HH ,n;oMHHaHTbI (pHC. 28):

1. Crymenae 3JIeMeHTOB aa O,n;HOM YlIaCTKe nJIOCKOCTH no cpaBHeHHIO C ,n;OBOJIbHO CIIOKO:HHbIM H paaaoxepHbIM HX paccpenoroxeaaex aa zrpyrHX YlIaCTKax.

2. BbI,n;eJIeHHe SJIeMeHTa D;BeTOM, OCTaJIbHbIe rrapasrerpsr, paaxepsr H cpopMa o,n;HHaKOBbI.

3. KOHTpacTHocTb CPOpM, aanpaMep, cpezra oxpyr-nsrx IIO OllepTaHHIO

P .. c. 28. Bap .. aHTbl opraa .. aau .... KOMn03 ........ 0HHoro .... eHTpa

21

PMC. 29. ABa KOMn03M4MOHHblX 4eHTpa: rnaBHblM M BTopocTeneHHblM

~Hryp pacrronaraeTcH oCTpoyronbHaH H naofiopor.

4. ¥BenH'IeHHe B paaxepax ozraoro H3 ::meMeHTOB ROMrr03HD;HH HnH aa- 060POT: cpezra 60nee rcpynasrx aneMeHTOB pacnonaraerca MenKHH, ROTOPbIH TaRme 6y,n;eT pe3KO OTnH'IaTbCH H AOMHHHpOBaTb. Moacao nozorepxHYTb aTO erne H TOHOM HnH D;BeTOM.

5.06paaOBaBillaHcHnycToTa(KoMnoaHD;HOHHaH rraysa) 6y,n;eT ,n;OMHHHponare nazt ,n;pyrHMH YliaCTKaMH nnOCKOCTH, fiozree HnH MeHee eanozrHeHHbIMH anexearasra.

B03MomHbI H nsa ROMn03HD;HOHHbIX nearpa, IIO O,n;HH H3 HHX ,n;onmeH 6bITb Be,n;YIn;HM, a ,n;pyrOH nozraaaerrHbIM nepBOMY, "tJT06b1 He B03HHKMO cnopaoa cHTyaD;HH HnH He IIOHBnHaocs OIn;YIn;eHHe HeOIIpe,n;eneHHOCTH (pHc.29).

IIpH opr-aaaaatraa ,n;OMHHaHThI BamHO y"tJHTbIBaTb 3aKOHbI BH3YanbHoro BocnpHHTHH IInOCKOCTH - ,n;OMHHaHTa sceraa pacnonaraerca B aRTHBHoH xacra, T.e. 6nHme R reoxerpa-recxosry nearpy ROMno- 3Hn;HH.

B nponecce coanaaaa KOMII03HD;HH xy,n;omHHR He ,n;onmeH 3a6bIBaTb 06 onTH"tJeCKHX (aparensasrx) ImnI03HHX:

1. B 06J1aCTH cooraomeaaa: Maaoe PH,n;OM C 60nbillHM Ka:JKeTCH erne MeHbille. BepTHKanH, 3aRnIO"tJeHHbIe

22

B npaxovroasaax, ,n;enaIOT ero mape (pHC. 30, A).

2. B 06J1aCTU BanpaBJleuuii: ,n;HarOHanb, rrepecexaromaa ,n;Be napannem.asre nHHHH, neaaer HX Ka:JKYIn;HMHCH HenapanneJIbHblMH (pHC. 30, B).

10

•

A

PHC. 30. SHAW OllTHlfeCICHX HIIftlO3Hi

6

B

3. B 06J1aCTU HHep~HH: 3a,ZJ;aHHoe aanpaaneane MLICJIeHHO npo~OJI)I(aeTCJI, XOTJI JIHHHJI, BLIpa)l(alO~aJl 3TO aanpaaaaaae, Y)I(e

060pBaJIaCh. KpHBLIe JIHHHH aaCTaBJIJlIOT rJIa3 HCKaTh D;eHTpLI ~yr, H3 KOTOPLIX OHH CJIaralOTCJI (pHC. 30, B).

Oco6eHHOCTM 110CTpOeHMSI MOHOKOMn03M u MM

MOHOKOMD03HD;HSI - xy~o)l(eCTBeHHoe npOH3Be~eHHe, 3aKJIIO'IIeHHoe B paMKH onpe~eJIeHHOro ctK>PMaTa, 3~aHHOro asTOpoM HJIH cHTY~eii.

1. MOHoKoMno3HD;HJI aceraa CTPOHTCS: aa llJIOCKOCTH, OrpaHH'tIeHHOH: 3a~aHHLIMH paasrepasca, n03TOMY pacrronarars ace 3JIeMeHThI HymHo TaR, "lITo6LI C03~as8.JIOCh anesaraeHHe 3aMKHYTOCTH:

a) 6JIH30CTh MOTHBOB K rpRHUD;aM nJIOCKOCTH MemaeT C03,n;aHHIO 3aMKHYToii CTpyKTyphI, nOSTOMY Heo6xo,n;HMO onpeneaaes MHHHM8.JIhHOe paCCTOJlHHe OT xpaes nJIOCKOCTH;

6) 60JIhmylO POJIh arpaer 06m;HH XapaRTep CHJIYSTa - ,n;JIJI xerxoro BOCnpHJlTHJI OH ,n;OJImeH HMeTh CPOPMY, 6JIH3KyK) K npoCThIM reOMeTpH'IIeCKHM CPHrypaM.

2. EcJIH MOHOKOMl103HD;HSI JlBJIJleTCJI CJIO)l(HOH H COCTOHT H3 MHO)l(ecTBa MOTHBOB, HX CJIe.n;yeT crpynnapoaars TaR, 'llTOOhI BHHMaHHe aRD;eHTHpOBaJIOCh aa D;eHTp8.JIhHOH: 'tIaCTH llJIOCKOCTH (HallpHMep, no KPyry B HY)I(HOM HallpaBJIeHHH).

3. Bce SJIeMeHThI xy,n;omeCTBeHHOro npOH3Be,n;eHHJI, He3aBHCHMO OT CJIO)l(HOCTH KOMn03HD;HH, ~OJImHhI 6hITh B paBHOBeCHH.

23

SlBneH&.1e oaepnennuara &.1 ero pom, B AeKOpaT&.1BHo'1 KOMn03&.1",&.1&.1

Oaepaermaar - '1aCTR'1HOe COnrraneane RJIIi HaJIOmeHRe O,Zl;HOn (pOpMhI aa ztpyryro (pRC. 31).

Paccxorpax ,n;Ba CJIyqaH osepzrennaara:

1. O.n;RH 06'beKT HaXO,Zl;RTC.H nnepe.n;R .n;pyroro R KOHTYP rrepe,n;Hero R306pamaeTC.H rrOJIHOCThIO, a aaxo.n;H~RncH aa ,Zl;aJIhHeM nnane QaCTR'1- HO nepexpsrr R KOHTYP ero npepsrBaeTCH B zrsyx MeCTax.

2. O,n;RH 06'beRT HaXO,Zl;IITCH nnepe)J;R ztpyroro, HO ROHTYPbI 060RX npeztMeTOB 11306pamaIOTC.H rrOJIHOCThIO, TaR RaR O,Zl;HO II TO me rrpOCTpaHCTBO rrpaaaztneacar cpaay .n;ByM 06'beRTaM

(HJIH HeCKOJIbRRM, eCJIH B3HTh rpynrry rrpezmeroa) (pRC. 32).

B03HRRaIO~aH BO BTOpOM cnynae HeOrrpe,Zl;eJIeHHOCTh YHR'1TOmaeT corroaxaaeaae rJIaBHOrO R BTopOCTenenaoro, rrepeztnero H nansaero B nepBOM czrynae. 06e H306pa3RTeJIhHhIe e.n;RHRD;hI HBJIHIOTCH O,Zl;HOBpeMeHHO R :o;eJIblMR, R CORpa~eHHblMR, 06e Haxo.n;HTCH R Ha rrepe,Zl;HeM TIJIaHe, R C3a,Zl;R. Tlponazraer HCHOCTh B3aRMHhIX oraomenaa ozraoro 06'beRTa C .n;pyrRM. TaRRM o6pa30M, aaofipaaceHRe Ram,Zl;OrO npenxera npereazryer aa 3aBepmeHHOCTh, O)J;HaKO ero neJIOCTHOCTh aapymaerca BTopmeHlleM

24

PMC. 31. SlBneHMe oaepnennaara B KOMn03M~M

PMc.32

25

PHc.33

,n;pyroro, IIpH 9TOM HeIIOHSlTHO, rcaKOH HMeBHO 06~eKT BTOpraeTCSI (pHc.33).

B IIepBOM cny~ae He3aBepmeHHOCTb cIIoc06cTByeT CIInOlleHHOCTH H HeIIpephIBHOCTH, BO BTOPOM aasepmeHHOCTb paapymaer STH Ka~eCTBa, acseaaer IIPOCTpaHCTBeHHOCTb, TaK KaK IIOKa KOHTYPhI IIepeceKaJOTCSI, HO He IIpephIBaIOT ,n;pyr ,n;pyra, IIPOCTpaHCTBeHHhIH a4>4>eKT ocnadaea (pHc.34).

B IIepBOM cn~ae KOHTYP O,n;HOH H3 H306pa3HTenbHhIx ~acTeH 3a6noKHPOBaH B ,lI;Byx TO~Kax nepecexeaaa. 06~eKT, HMeIOm;HH HeIIpephIBHhIH cnnonraoa KOHTYP, 6y,n;eT BOCIIPHHHMaTbCSI HaxO,n;SlID;HMCSI nnepena ,n;pyroro, a 06~eKT C IIpepBaHHhIM KOHTYPOM 3aHMeT 3a,n;HIOIO II03HnHIO.

B ,n;MbHeHmeM MhI 6y,n;eM IIonb30- BaTbCSI BTOphIM cn~aeM oaepnenIIHHra ,n;nSl YMeHbmeHHSI ,n;eHCTBHSI IIepCIIeKTHBHhIX IInaHOB.

,ZJ;eHCTBHe OBepneIIIIHHra MO.)l(HO MaKCHMMbHO YCHnHTb sa cser BBe,n;eHHSI TOHMbHhIX HnH :U;BeTOBhIX KOHTpaCTOB B MeCTax HaJIO.)l(eHHSI oaaoro 06~eKTa aa ,n;pyroH.

26

HBneHHe OBepneIIIIHHra MO.)l(HO HCIIonb30BaTb B CO~eTaHHH C TaKHM IIpHeMOM KaK ~neHeHHe H306pa3HTenbHOH IInOCKOCTII aa ~aCTH H BBe,n;eHHeM TOHMbHhIX HnH :U;BeTOBhIX KOHTpaCTOB.

Bo BTOPOM cn~ae OBepneIIIIHHra Ha6nIO,n;aeTCSI TeH,n;eHD;HSI YMeHbmHTb HnH HapYIIIHTL e,n;HHCTBO nenora IIocpe,n;CTBOM paCKMhIBaHHSI KOMII03HD;HH aa ,n;Be ~aCTH. IIo,n;06- HyIO TeH,n;eHn;HIO MO.)l(HO YCHnHTb HnH ocna6HTL sa c~eT IIepeKOMIIOBOBRH 06~eKTOB. EcnH CTpYKTypHhIe nHHHH IInaHOB COBIIa,n;aIOT, TO MOMeHT paCKMhIB8.HHSI 06~eKTOB KOMII03Hn;HH YMeHbiliaeTCSI H C03,n;aeTCSI BIIe~aTneHHe n;enOCTHOCTH (pHC. 35).

Kor,n;a .)I(e B03HHKaeT aeofixonaMOCTb HCIIonb30BaHHSI ,n;aHHoro IIpHeMa? HaIIpHMep (pHC. 36), IIpH MHHHMMbHOM HnH, Ha060poT MaKCHManLHOM HanO.)l(eHHH IInOCKOcTeH C03,n;aeTCSI BIIellaTneHHe HaIIpSl.)l(eHHOCTH, H 06'beKThI KaK 6hI CTpeMSlTCSI H3MeHHTb csoe MeCTOIIOnoaceaae B O,n;HOH H3 ,n;ByX KpaHHocTeH: nH60 nonaoro COBIIa,n;eHHSI, nH60 pa3Me.)l(eBaHHSI (IIpH MHHHManbHOM HanO.)l(eHHH).

QT06hI YMeHbIIIHTb aarrpaaeeaHOCTb B KOMII03HD;HH II COXpaHHTb 06m;YIO cxeMY rpyIIIIHpOBKH 06'beKTOB, cne,n;yeT IIO,n;BHHyTb HX B CTOPOHy COBIIa,n;eHHSI CTPYKTypHhIX nHHHH C H306pa.)l(eHHeM. Hanpaxep, nearp oxpynnoro IIpe,AMeTa MO)KHO C,AeJIaTb COBIIa,AaIOIIJ;IIM C yrnoM xaanpara HnH paCIIonO)KHTb aa O,AHOH 113 ero oceH, ~TO saecer anesserrr cTa6HnbHOCTH (pHC. 37).

PMc.34

27

Pille. 35. 111306p8lKeHllle Kpyra COBnaAaeT co CTPYKTYpHblMIll nlllHMAMM KBaApaTa

D°

Plllc.36

Plllc.37

nOC-rpoeHMe npOCTpaHCTBa

1. H300pameHHe rJIyoHHId aa

llJIOCKOCTH.

OTC"lIHThIBaeM paCCTOSIHHe, COOTBeTcTBYIOm;ee paCCTO.HHHIO Mem,n;y pa3JIH"lIHbIMH rrpOCTpaHCTBeHHbIMH rrJIaHaMH, npa aTOM H306pameHHe

28

yCJIOBHO ,n;eJIHTCSI aa TpH rmaaa: rrepe,n;HHH, cpe,n;HHH H ,n;aJIbHHH (pHC. 38, A).

ITpoaHaJIH3HPyeM rrOCJIe,n;OBaTeJIhHOCTh BOCrrpH.HTH.H BH,n;HMoro HaMH rrpOCTpaHCTBa.

A

Ilepenaan IlJIaH roraa npOCKaKRaaer , He BH,lI;HT OT'IeTJIHBO, eCJlH CMOTpeTb na ace R306pameB:Re B neJIOM. TpeTHH IIJIaH B CHJIY y,n;BJIeHHOCTH npOCMaTpHBaeTCH He'IeTKO, 6e3 ,n;eTBJIeH. BTOPOH nJIaH MbI BH,ll;HM HCHO, penserpac.

C03,l1;aeTCH cHTyaUHH, B KOTOPOH HY)KHO )KepTBOBaTb OT'IeTJIHBOCTblO nepsoro nnana. ECJIH MbI XOTHM, 'ITOGbI nee 6b1JIO BH,lI;HO O,ll;HHaKOBO, TO HeoGxO,ll;HMO 38,ll;HHH nJIaH npa- 6J1H3HTb K cpeztaesay, a nepBblH OTO,lI;BHHyTb aa vposeas aroporo OT'IeTJIHBOrO nzraaa. TOI',lI;a see rmama BblCTPOHTCH B nOJIO)KeHHe cpezraero (pRC. 38, B).

H306pameHHe COXpaHHeT ace aaxeprarensasre Ka'IeCTBa I'JIy6HHHOCTH H npaoeperaer YCJIOBHe ,lI;BYXMepHOH caoeonsr, KOI',lI;a nepBbI:H nJIaH He ssmapaer 6eCKOHe'IHO, a I'JIy6HHa HBJI.aeTCH HeH3MepHMO:H.

B D;BeTOBO:H KOMn03HUHH aTO rrpoRCXO,n;HT TaK: UBeTa, ,ll;BHmY:W;HeCH B I'JIy6HHY (XOJIO,ll;Hble), 3aHMYT rrep-

D ~
)l(enTblVt KpaCHblilI
• II
3eneHblVt CWHWVt 5 PMc.38

BbI:H nJIaH B KOHTpacTe C aapacraio:w;eH BeJIH'IHHO:H IPHrYPbl nepezmero nnana, IJ;BeTa rpersero nnana (Tenmae) aaooopor rrpH6JIHmalOTCH K 3pHTeJIlO.

2. CJI03tHBmHeC.H CHCTeMId nepcneRTHBId:

- JIHHe:HHaH, npH KOTOPO:H npoCTpaHCTBO B I' JIy6HHY ,ll;BH)KeTCH OT nepenaero nnaaa, r.e. OT paMbl Ii xpaes rrJIOCKOCTH, KOI',lI;a napannensnsre JIHHHH CXO,n;.HTCH B TO'IKaX aa ropH30HTe (pHC. 39, A);

- 06paTHaH, KOI',lI;a xy,n;O)KHHK HaXO,n;HTCH B TO'IKe CXO)K,n;eHHH H npoCTPaHCTBO pa3BHBaeTCH OT Hero aaaazr, pacmapaacs B rJIy6HHY (pHC. 39, B);

- ,lI;BYXMepHaH, npa KOTOPO:H XY,ll;O)KHHK HaXO,ll;HTCH B Cpe,ll;HeM nzraHe H306pa3RTeJIbHOrO rrpOCTpaHCTBa. IIpH aTOM rrpOHCXO,ll;HT YMeHbmeHHe 3Ha'IHMOCTH aaznrero H rrepezmero nJIaHOB, xoropsre COOTBeTCTBeHHO ,lI;e«t>opMHPYIOTCH. Ho B UeJIOM BblHI'pblBaeM B Bblpa3HTeJIbHOCTH Bceii

29

A

1i306pa3HTeJIbHOR IIJIOCKOCTIi, TaK KaK nee IIJIaHbI rrpnpaBHHBalOTCSI K cpe~HeMy,HaH60JIeeaKTHBHoMy.OH KaK 6bI 3a)KHMaeTCH IIepe~HHM H 3~HHM IIJIaHaMH (pHC. 39, B).

ITPIi ~ByxMepHoR rrepcrreKTHBe rJIy6HHa KapTHHbI C"qHTLIBaeTCSI nerKO, 6JIH)KHHR H ~aJIbHHR nnaasr He HBJIHIOTCSI pa3HOBpeMeHHblMH MOMeHTaMH B nponecce 3pHTeJIbHoro BOCIIpHHTHH.

,l1;BYXMepHaH nepcnexrasa 60JIee acero nO~XO~HT ~JIH H306pameHHSI rrpOCTpaHCTBa B ~eKopaTHBHoii KOMrr03HD;HH H 6y~eT HaMH aKTHBHO HCrrOJIb30BaTbCSI BO Bcex rrpaKTH"IecKHX 3a~aHHSlX.

3. C4>eplAeCKOe aocrrpaarae rrpoCTpaHCTBa.

Cyrn;ecTBYIOW;HR noxpyr Hac MHp MbI BH~HM crpepa-rao, Korna MbI ocTaHaBJIHBaeM B3rJIH~ aa O~HOM Meere, TO. JIy"l aamero 3peHHH onpezteJISleT pazrayc, CBSl3bIBalOW;HR rJIa3 C

30

PMc.39


~
~ ~ l"- I--
l....-
I L Jf B

STOR TO"lKOH. Tlepeaona B3rJIH~ noCTerreHHO aa ~pyrHe TO'lKH 0603peaaessoro IIpoCTpaHcTBa, MbI caMH SlBJISleMCH n;eHTpOM rronycrpepsa, aa KOTOPOH q>OKYCHPYIOTCSI JIHHHH, COe~HH.HIOrn;He Haw rJIa3 C pa3JIH"lHLIMH TO'lKaMH. ITOSTOMY ace sepTHKaJIH H ropH30HTaJIH HCKPHBJI.HIOTCSI BHyTpH :nOH noavcqiepsr. BCJIe~CTBHe aroro HX H306pameHHe na IIJIOCKOCTH, nO~"lHHSlHCh c<pepH"lHOCTH BH~eHHSI, 6y~eT ocvmecrn-

--

.,,/

,,/ I

I I

I

•

~,. -,

-,

-,

\

\

\ I

PMC. 40. eX8M8 ccI»epM'I8CKOrO BocnpMRTMR npOCTp8HCTB8

JI.HTbC.H C nOMOm;LIO H30rHYTblX JIB:HHH (pHC. 40).

IIpo6JIeMY ctPeplPIeCKOrO H306paiKeHHH npOCTpaHCTBa H3yqaJI II HCnOJIL30BaJI B CBOIlX paforax K. IIeTpOB-Bo,n;KHH (pHC. 41).

YCJIOBHa.H nepcneKTIIBa B apXHTeRTypHLIX npoexrax zrezraer nee BepTHRaJIH H ropH30HTaJIH np.HMLIMH. JKHBoe iKe socnpaarae He Teprmr np.HMhlX JIHHHH.

PMC. 41. ~306pa>ICeHMe c~epM .. eexoro BocnpMATMg B KapTMHax K. neTpoBa-BoAKMHa

31

M306pruKeHMe 06'beMHbIX cIlopM B AeKOpaTMBHOM lKMBOnMCM

BCHKHe 06'beMbI - aTO CPOPMbl, xoropsre AaIOT .)KH3Hh H306pa311TeJIhBOH IIJIOCKOCTH, BO BROCHT H IIpOTIIBOpe"lHH, BaxoAHTCH C HeB: B arrraroBHaMe, TaR KaK IIJIOCKOCTh AaeT 3pllTeJIhHYlO n;eJIbHOCTh, a oxpvrJIOCTE. Tpe6yeT He crroxoaaoro apeHUH, a ABHraTeJIhHhlX nepeaeaaaBHR, ABHmeHHH rJIa3. H-qeM caasaee 6Y,ll;eT BOCIIpHBIIMaThCH 06'1>eM, TeM 60JIbmaH 3pHTeJIl>HaH 60ph6a norpe- 6yeTcH, "IT06bl nepesecra ,lI;BHraTeJIbHble Bne-qaTJIeHIIH B apHTeJIhHble. "t.JeM 60JIee 6JIl13KHH 06'beKT Mhl 6y,lI;eM 1I306pamaTb, TeM CHJIhBee Mhl 6YAeM 60POTbCH C 06'1>eMHOCTblO, npacymea eMY.

B HCKYCCTBe npa H306pa.)KeBIIH 06'beMHOrO aa IIJIOCKOCTII ecrs TeB,lI;eHD;HSI H MeTO,ll; IIpHBe,ll;eHHH STOR 06'beMHOCTH K nJIOCKOcTHOMY pezrse<jJy, T.e. K cnoKOHHoH BH,zr;IIMOCTH aTO IIJIOCROCTHaR, a He CBeTOBoaAYIDBaH opraHH3an;HH npOCTpaHCTBa. ,l1;rumoe HBJIeHHe MomBo npocaeaars B IICKYCCTBe HKOHbl (pac. 42) H TBOpxecrae XYAomHl'lKOB parraero B03' pom,ll;emm (pRC. 43), r,ll;e ecrs 1'40- MeHT YCJIOBHOCTH B 1I306pameHHli 06'1>eMHblX 06'beRTOB npe,ll;MeTOB (pac, 44).

ITPH nepe,zr;a~e npOCTpaHCTBa HY.)KHO rrOMHHTb, "ITO HCTHRBO xy,zr;omeCTBeHHblM npOH3Be,zr;eHHeM RB' JIRlOTCH He B CHny BepHOCTH H306paiKeHHH ,lI;eHcTBHTeJIhHOCTH, H60 aTO He cpOTorpa<PHH, a B CHJIY CTeneHH

32

xy,zr;omeCTBeHHoro o606w;eHHH. HpKHM npHMepOM eroro cnymaT npoH3Be,zr;eHHH HIIOHCKOH rpaaropsr H mHBorrHCh A. Maraeca (pHC. 45, 46).

ITpJlMOe no,zr;pamaHHe rrpHpO]J;e - JIHmb noaropeaae, KOIIHpOBaHHe, a HCTHHBhle XY]J;O.)KHHKII-TBOpn;hl pemaior 3a,n;a~H rrepeztaxa aacrpoeHIIH, BBe]J;eHHH xY]J;omeCTBeHHhlX 0606:m;eHHH, 06JIH"IeHIIR 1I306pamaeMhlX 06paaoB B HOBble CPOPM.bIB pe3YJIbTaTe rrOJIy-qaeTCJI CTHJIH3aD;HH, A8lO:m;aJl rrpOH3BeAeHHlO HH]J;HBHAyaJIhHOCTh B OTJIH"IlIe OT rrpOCTOro IIJIarHaTa Y IIpHpO,D;bl.

PMC. 42. Mso6pBlKe.HMe 06'beMa B MKOHonMCM

PMC. 43. ~1306pa)t(eHMe npoerpaacrea B l«MBOnMCM A>KOTTO M MpaHcKoM MMHManope

23-627

PMC. 44. nnocKocTHaR opraHMSaL\MR npocTpaHcTB8 B ApeBHeM )t(MBonMCH

33

PMC. 45. M306pa>KeHMe npoerpaacraa B npoMSBetteHMRX RnOHCKoA rpaBIOPbl

PMC. 46. M306pa)l(eHMe npoerpaacraa B >KMBonMCM A .. MaTMcca

34

Cnoco6bl OpraHM3au.MM npOCTpaHC·rB8

JII06yIO MOHOROMII03Hll;HIO MO:>K" HO CtIHTaTl> pa60TOR CTaHKOBOR HJIH ,n;eRopaTHBHoR. ECJIH CTaHROBOe IIpOH3Be,n;eHHe BIIOJIHe caMOCTOHTeJIl>HO, He HMeeT 3HatIeHHH cpezra, B KOTO" POR OHO 6Y,lJ;eT Haxo,n;HTLCH - B :>KHJIOM, rrpOMhlmJIeHHOM HHTepl>epe, oct>Hce HJIH aa BepHHCa:>Ke, TO ,n;eKOparasaoe npoaaseneaae, 6y,n;L TO xaRaH-JIH60 BeW;L HJIH rrJIOCKOCTHaH EOMrr03Hll;HH THIIa naaao, r06eJIeHa, M03aHKH, OTJIH'tJaeTCH OT CTaHKOBOR CBoeR HecaMOCTOHTeJIl>HOCTl>IO. Yme npa patiore H8.,lJ; HeR Xy,n;O:>KHHR MhlCJIeHHO HJIH rrpaKTHtIeCKH 3aKJI8.,lJ;hI· naer cpeny (narepsep, B KOTOPOM OHa 6y,n;eT Haxo,n;HTLCH), TaR KaK m060e H3,n;eJIHe,n;eKopaTHBHo·UpHKJIa,ZJ;Horo HCRYCCTBa rrpH3BaHO YKpaCHTL xaROR-TO 06'LeRT: aarepsep, 'tJeJIOBeRa, opynae rrpOH3Bo,n;CTBa H T.,ll.

COOTBeTCTBeHHO Ha3HatIeHHlO BCH" RB..H ,lJ;eKOpaTHBHBJI MOHOKOMno3Hll;HH ,lJ;OJImHa OpraHH'tJHO BIIHCblBaTbCH B aarepsep, He paapynraa rrJIOCKOCTl> CTeHhI, H B nepayro oxepem, 6b1TL He npOCTpaHCTBeHHOR, a rrJIOCKOCTHOR. B03MomHhI pa3JIH'tJHbIe BapHaHTLI ,lJ;OCTHmeHHH STon YIIJIOw;eHHOCTH (r.e, YCJIOBHOCTH B nepeaaxe npoCTpaaCTBa), HCrrOJIh3yeMLIe RaE B CO" BORyrrHOCTH, TaR H B OT,lleJIl>HOCTH.

B03l>MeM xY,llomHHKa ,npeBHero Eranra, OH H306pamaeT ace BH,llHMOe He EaR OHO BocnpHHHMaeTCH H8IllHM rJIa30M, a RaE OHO eMY npe,lJ;CTaBJISIeTCH. OH He 3HaeT nepcrrexraaaoro COKpa..m;eHHSI H COBMem;aeT B O,n;HOM H306pa:>KeHHH pasasre TOtIKH 3peHHH

aa npezeser, CBO,llHT ace BH,n;HMoe HM R tIHCTO nJIaHHMeTpH'tIeCKOMY penreHHIO. ITPOHCXO,lJ;HT COe,lJ;HHeHHe xecTeB: q,HrYPhl, B3HTLIX B rrpoct>HJIh H B «pac, npn aTOM MOHYMeHTaJIhHOCTL COBMem;aeTCH C ,lJ;eROpaTHBHhIM nOHH· MaHHeM «pOPMhI (pHC. 47).

Ilepsoe, tITO He,n;ollycTHMO B ,n;eRO" paTHBHoM rrOJIOTHe, 3TO HJIJI1030pHaH nepenaxa npOCTpaHCTBa, T.e. HCIIOJlb" 30BaHHe JIHHeRHOR rrepCIIeRTHBhI. ECJIH ace He06xo,ll;HMO H306pa3HTb pa3JIHtIHhIe rrepcnercraansre IIJIaHhI, TO HymHo H,n;TH no llYTK ztpeaaeernIIeTCRoro xy,n;O:>KHHRa, T. e. paCIIOJIaraTL IIJIaHhI YCJlOBHO, aa C'tJeT c}>POHTaJIbHOrO H306pa~eHHH 06'LeKTOB ,n;pyr HAA ,lJ;pyrOM.

He06xo,lJ;HMO rarose 06paTHTb BHHMaRHe aa rrepeztaxy 06'LeMHhIX c);>OpM. B CT8.HROBOn mHBOIIHCH 06'LeKTbI, aaXO,ll;SI~HeCH B npe,ll;eJIax nepe,lJ;HerO IIJIaHa, H306pamaIOTC.Il DOJIee 06'LeMHLIMH, H 'tIeM OHH 6JIHme R 3pHTeJllO HJIH K JIHHHH c);>POHTaJILHO:H IIJlOCKO" CTH, TeM oOJIee oxpyrnsr. B ,n;eKopa" THBHon me :>KHBOIIHCH 06'LeM noxa- 3hIBaeTCH YCJIOBHO, MHHHMaJIl>HOn MO,n;YJIKPOBROH HJlH TeMHbIM nHTHOM B TeHeBOH "tIaCTH, JIHOO oxpyrnsre npe,n;MeThI H300pa:>KaIOTCH aOCOJIIOT" HO IIJIOCRHMH, He3aBHCHMO OT Toro, B KaROM nepcneKTHBHOM IIJIaHe OHH aaXO,n;HTCH. ECJIH :>Ke 06'LeM BCe-TaRH nepenaerca, TO creneas YCJIOBHOCTH ,lI;JI$I seex nJIaHOB O,lJ;HHaKOBa.

ECJIH npe,ll;MeTLI, He axonamae B nepe,n;HHH nJIaH, BocnpHHHMalOTCH y)l;8.JIeHHhlMH, B03MoatHa xoppexra-

35

PMC. 47. Kao6palKeHMe npocrpaacrea B pOCnMCs:lX ApeBHero ErMnTa

pOBKa D;BeTOM, T.e. ,ll;a.JThHHH UJIaH IIO,ll;T.Hl'H.BaeTC.H na ypOBeHL nepenaero, a uepe,ll;HHH OTO,ll;BHraeTCH na ,ll;.aJILHHH IIJIaH H 3TH ,ll;Ba rrnaaa CPHKCHpYJOTC.H aa c~eT ncrpexaoro ,ll;BHmeHH.H aa ypoane cpeaaero IIJIaHa, sa cxer pacrrpezteneaaa D;BeTa B UJIOCKOCTH «}l0pMaTa. ,D;JI.H aroro aeofixo,ll;HMO anaaae TeopHH D;BeTa, HCnOJIL- 30BaHHe HHcpopMaIJ;HH 0 TeIIJILIX H

36

XOJIO,ll;HLIX, aKTHBHLIX H naCCHBHLIX, JIerKHX H THmeJILIX TOHax, O,IJ.BHmeHHH IJ;BeTa B npOCTpaHCTBe (TeopHSI

B. ICaH,ll;HHCKoro).

06'LeKThI HJIH nJIOCKOCTH ,u;aJILHero nnaaa cnenver OKpamHBaTL B IJ;BeTa, HMelOm;He 3KCIJ;eHTpH":leCKOe ,lJ;BHmeHHe H3JIY":leHHSI (TeUJIbIe, aaafionee aKTHBHbIe IJ;BeTa meJITOKpaCHOH raMMbI), a 06'LeKThI nepe-

,lJ;BerO IIJIaHa - B D;BeTa, HMeIO~He KOHn;eHTpH~eCKOe A.BHmeHHe (YXO,ll; BBYTPb ce6H H YAffJIeBHe OT BpHTeJIH O,ll;BOBpeMeHBO), T.e. nsera XOJIO,ll;HOH CHHe-3eJIeHOH H caae-rpaoJIeTOBOii raMM.

Cymecrayer pazt npUeM08, HCnOJIb30BaHHe KOTOPbIX YCHJIHBaeT anesarneaae ,ll;eKOpaTHBHOCTH KOMIIOBHD;HH (puc. 48):

1) OBepJIenIIUHr;

2) 'tmeHeHHe IIJIOCKOCTH aa qaCTU;

3) HaCbIIIl,eHHe OpHaMeHTOM;

4) APo6JIeHHe H306paJReHHH;

5) BBe.,ll;eBHe nOCTOHHHoro MO,ll;y JISI H 4lHKcaD;HSI ero n;BeTOM (rrpaeM II. <fJHJIOHOBa)_ PaCCMOTpHM HX nozrpooaee:

PaCCMOTpHM TOT CJIyqaii osepnerrIIHHra, xorna IIPOCTPaHCTBO HB06pa:lKffeTCH npHHa,zvIem8lD;HM 60JIee qeM Op;HOMy ooo.eKT}', T.e. OAHH npe~eT nepexpsrsaer ,ll;pyroii H 06a B TO me BpeMH H306pffmaroTcH nOJIHOCTbIO; ,lJ;aJIbHHH IIJlaH rrpocaexasaer CKB03b nepBbI:H IIJIaH H naotiopor, EcJIH B aa-

TIOpMOpTe H306paaHTb see npe,ll;MeThI rrpoapaxasrsnr, n;eJIbHbIMH, a IIPOCTPaHCTBO, KOTOpoe npRHa,zvIe:lKHT ,ll;BYM HJIH HeCKOJIbKHM npe~eTaM. Bhl,ll;eJIHTb )l;pyrHM qBeTOM HJIB TOHOM H IIOBTOPHTb 110 BceM KOMlI03HIJ;HH, TO MbI C03HffTeJIbHO YHWiTomHM s4141eKT rrpOCTpaucTBeHHOCTH H nOA'lepKHeM aTO qBeTOM. Y CBJIHBffSI HJIB rroranraa KOHTpaCT C6JIHmaeM TeM CaMhlM IIJIaBbI H A06HBaeMcH a4l4leKTa BOCnpHHTHSI HX B npeaenax oaaoro lIJIaHa.

IIpe,ll;MeTbI 3an;enJISIIOTCSI npyr aa ,ll;pyra B He MoryT OT,ll;eJIHTbCH Ha ,ll;pyroH IIJIaH. OHB O,ll;HOBpeMeHHO BTopraIOTCH O,ll;HH B ,ll;pyroH, paspymaa 4l0PMY, H C03,ll;aIOT IIJIOTHO CBH- 3aHHYIO rpynny. IIpH aTOM aeotixo,lI;HMO CJIe,ll;HTb aa ,lI;OCTaTO'llHbIM KOJIH'lIeCTBOM 06m.HX Y'llaCTKOB U paBHOMepHOCTbIO HX pacnpeaeneHHH na IIJIOCKOCTH.

~o6HBaTbCH I1JIOCKOCTHOCTH B KOMII03HD;HH MomBO, HCnOJIb3YSl 'lIJIeHeHHe aa qaCTH. llJIeBeHHe KOMn03Un;H.H MomeT 6bITb npOCTbIM (aa

PMC. 48. Cnoco6b1 AOCTM)I(eHMR AeK.opaTMBHOCTM B KOMn03M",Jot"

37

nse, tIeThIpe, BOCeMb xacrea) H no cnpHHD;Hny JIOCKYTHoro onsaaa». JIHHHH tIJIeHeHH.H MorYT 6hITb npaMbIMH H KpHBblMH, B03MomHO COtIeTaHHe TeX H ,ll;pyrHx O,ll;HOBpeMeHHO. KOMn03HD;HJl ,ll;eJIHTCJl aa orztensasre 60JIbmHe HJIH MeHbmHe KYCKH, B03- HHKaeT ,ll;OnOJIHHTeJIbHaH B03MomHOCTb nO,ll;TJlHYTb O,ll;HH YtIaCTOK nJIOCKOCTH H OTO,ll;BHHYTb ,ll;pyroH, T.e. MaHHnYJIHpOBaTb nJIaHaMH H

PMC. 49. Mcnonb3o.sHMe OBepnennMH8 B co'teT8HMM C 'tneHeHMeM nnOCKOCTM

38

perYJIHpOBaTb KOMno3HD;HoHHoe pasHOBeCHe (pHC. 49).

Hcno.nsaya aTOT npaesr, MomBO co6paTb B e,ll;HHYIO KOMn03HD;HIO OT,ll;eJIbHbIe npezosersr, COBepmeHBO He CBJl3aHHbIe Mem,ll;Y co6oii, aa CtIeT npOBHKHOBeHH.H O,ll;HOrO D;BeTa B ,ll;PYroiL Heofixonmso JIHmb CJIe,ll;HTb, tITo6b1 Kam,ll;blH D;BeT B 60JIbIlleH HJIH MeHbIlle:ii CTeneHH nOBTOpaJIC.H aa scex YtIaCTKaX KOMn03HD;HH, ,llJIJl

PMC. 50. npMeMw coeAMHeHMA OTAenbHO-CTOA~MX npeAMeTOB 8 eAMHYIO KOMn03M",MIO

A

B

r

PMC. 51 . Mcnom.30BaHMe MenKoro MOAynR B KOMn03M14MM

sroro pacnozrara'rs ~BeTOBhIe nSlTH8 Ha,D;O B OlIpe,l{eJIeHHOH pllTMHQeCROH IIOCJIe,!1;OBaTeJIbHOCTH, HJIH ynpocTIITb 38.l{8Qy, IICIIOJIb3ya MeHLmee KOJIHlIeCTBO ~BeTOB, aanpassep, zraa, pacnonaras IIX B maXMaTHOM nop.a:p;Ke Ii C06JIlO,n;aH TOHaJILHhle KOHTpaCTbI (pile. 50).

ECJIH me aeofixonasao IICnOJIb30- BaTh 60JIhmee KOJIWIeCTBO ~BeTOBhIX OTTeBKOB. TO HY)KHO BLIp;epmaTL pHTM TellJIO-XOJIO~HOCTH, p8BHOMepHO pacnpeztenaa 3TlI n;BeT8 OTHOCHTeJILHO APyr ~pyra, lITo6bI nJI8HhI TelIJILIX H XOJIO.n;HhlX IISlTeH MOrJIH BH6pHpOBaTL, HO ace ace 6hITh B e,ll;HHOH nJIOCKOCTIi.

,n06HTbcSI C03,l1;aHHSI WIH YCHJIeHIIH ,l{eKOpaTHBHocTH MOatHO .n;po6JIeHHeM aeero H306pameHHH aa MeJIKlIe vsac-

TRH. STO Mom-eT 6b1Th MO~yJIb :KaKOrO-TO KYCOQK8, C03,l1;8HHOrO HCKyCCTBeHHbIM ,lI;eJIeHHeM, JIHHHHMH, HJIH MO,ll;yJIL M8aK8 (HMIIpeCCHOHHCTbI), WIll Kycolle:K CMaJILThI H T.,l{. il09TOMy Bee M038HKH HeaaBHCHMO OT CTenena nepeaaxa 06':beMa CTOJIb ,lI;eKOpaTIIBHhI. 3TOT npHeM C03,o;aeT H a<P<l>eKT HapSl,!1;BOCTH, B03HHKaeT CBOero pona HenpaBHJIbHblH yaop 1'13 MeJIKHX 3JIeMeBTOB, 06paayeTcH R8.K 6b1 pannOpTB8JI eeTR8 1'13 nOBTOpSlIO~HXCSI llJIOIq8,l{eH OT,lI;eJIbBblX KYCOQKOByqacTKoB (pHC. 51, A, B).

Ilpasna, IIPH HCIIOJIL30BaHHH aTOro npneM8 H306pa:meHHe npe,a;MeTOB BOCIIpIIHRMaeTCSl He CTOJIb lIeTKO, a K8R 6hI npOCM8TpRB8eTCSl CKBoaL ,lI;blM:KY B CHJIY ax TeCHOH CB.H3H C <p0- BOM (pIIC. 51, B, r).

39

ECJIH STOT scpcpeRT HemeJIaTeJIeH, B03MO.mHO HCnOJIl>30BaHHe TeMHoro KOHTypa. ICOHTYP MomHO BBeCTH TaKace B Tex CJIyqruIX, xorna :U;BeTa H306- paaceaaa He O~eHl> y,n;atIHO CO'tleT81OT4 CH ,n;pyr c ,n;pyrOM. TaKHM cnocotiosa MomHO 3pHTeJIl>HO nOBhlCHTb creneas HHTeHCHBHOCTH 6JIeKJIhlX :U;BeTOB.

,lJ;ocTHmeHHe nOBhImeHHOH ,n;eKOpaTHBHOCTH B03MomHO 'l'aRme nYTeM BBe,D;eHHSI opHaMeHTaJIl>HOrO MOTHBa no Bceii KOMn03HIJ;HH.

B nexoparaaaoa nJIOCROCTHOH pa- 60Te Heo6xo,n;HMO 'tleTKO penrara, r,D;e paasremarr, opHaMeHTaJIl>Hhle MOTH4 BhI - no Bcen nJIOCKOCTH HJIH orpaHH~HTbCH H306pameHHeM onaoro+,D;BYX.

Heonxozraxo nOCTOHHHO ,n;YMaTb 0 :u;eJIl>HOCTl{ JIHCTa, QTo6hI KOMn03H:U;HSI He rrepeaacsnnanaes H He 6hIJia 'l'pY,lI;Ha ,n;JIH BocnpHSlTHH H3-3a BBe,lI;eHHH CJIOmHhIX opHaMeHTaJIbHhIX MOTHBOB (pHC. 52).

PMC. 52. MCnOnb30B8HMe opH8MeHTanbHblx MOTMBOB C ~enblO AOCTMlKeHMR AeKopantBHOCTM

40

eonsocu AJ1S1 nOBTOPEHMSI

1. B '-IeM 3aKJ1tOLjaeTCs:I npouecc C03AaHVls:I KOMn03li1Ll,IIII11?

2. liTo raxoe paBHOBeCVle B KOMn03111Ll,VlliIVI OT KaKliIX cpaKTOpOB OHO 3aBliICliIT?

3. Oxapaxrepaavare npliIHLl,liInHanbHoe orna-me ypaBHoBeweHHo~ KOMno-

3111Ll,lIIliI OT HeypaBHoBeweHHo~.

4. OT -iero 3aBliICIIIT seipaaareneaocrs KOMn03li1Ll,HlII?

5. 4TO raxoe cTpYKTYpanbHbl~ nnan KOMn03li1L.J,liIlII?

6. KaKIIIM o6pa30M cpopMa npeAMeTa anuaer Ha paaaoeecae KOMn03111LJ,lII-

OHHoro Q>opMaTa?

7. nepe'-llllCnLl1Te BHAbl paBHOBeCliIs:I B KOMn03HlJ,liIliI.

8. C KaKO~ uenso liIcnonb3yeTcs:I LjneHeHlIIe nnOCKOCTliI Ha LjaCTIII?

9. KaKIIIM o6pa30M nocraraerca AliIHaMH3M B KOMn03l11lJ,lIIliI?

10. Kaxosa pons AOMliIHaHTbl B KOMn03HlJ,lIIliI?

11. nepeLjHCnlilTe cnocoeu oprauaaauaa KOMn03111Ll,HOHHoro LJ,eHTpa.

12. liTO raxoe oaepnermasr VI KaKOBa ero pons B AeKopaTIIIBHOVI KOMn03li1LJ,liIliI?

13. Kaxoaa 3pIIITenbHaSl nocnenoaarensaocrs BocnplilSlTLifs:l npocrpaacrea?

14. Oxapaxrepaavare 1113BeCTHbie CliICTeMbl nepcneKTIIIBbl.

15. nOs:lCHIIITe ocoeeanocra lII306p8)l(eHlIIs:I 06beMHbiX Ten B AeKopaTlIIBHO~ KOMn03LiflJ,VlliI.

16. B LjeM paana-me opraHlII3aLl,IIIV1 npocrpaacrsa B AeKopaTVlBHoVlIII CTaHKOBOVI KOMn03V1Ll,VlIII?

17. Kaxosa pOJIb LJ,BeTa B 111306pa)t(eHIIIIII npocrpaacrsa?

18. Vlcnonb30BaHliIe KaKlIIX npHeMOB npanaer KOMn03li1LJ,liIliI LjepTbl nexopaTLifBHOCTIII?

npAKTM~ECKME3~HMSI

3AAAHME 1

• YpaBHoBeclIITb Q>VlryPbl npaBliIJ1bHOVI reOMeTpVlLjeCKOlf1cpoPMbl (Kpyr, KBaApar, pOM6). Half1TIII IIIX OnTlIIMaJ1bHOe nonoxeaae B Ll,eHTpMbHO~ BepXHeVi LjaCTLif np5lMoyronbHoVi nnOCKOCTVI co CMeLLJ,eHlIIeM B OAHY CTOPOHY. YpaBHOBeCIIITb KOMn03111Ll,VltO '-lJ1eHeHllleM nnOCKOCTIII Q>opMaTa III BBeAeHlIIeM TOHMbHblX pa3nw-IVlriI 05pa30BaBwIIIXCs:I sacrea VlnVl MenKoro, HO KOHTpaCTHOro no usery anewe-rra.

Ll.enb

• C03A8Tb npaeunsao nocrpoeauvo KOMn03V1lJ,liItO 1113 npOCTb'X reOMeTpH'-IeCKVlX c.pOPM IIInVl CPO PM , nplll6nVl)t(eHHblX K HVlM, Ha~TVI VlX TOI.fHOe MeCTO B KOMno- 3111Ll,lIIV!, C yYeTOM npocroru a cnO)t(HOCTIII Q>OPMbl VllIIX YCT0If14I11BOCTLif. BcnOM-

41

HL1Tb L13}1'ieHHOe 0 pacn0J10>KeHL1L1 cJ>~ryp B cJ>OpMaTe ~ ~3MeHeH~~ IIIX BeCOBOro BOCnp~flrnR B 3aB~CIIIMOCTIll OT pa3Mew.eHIIIR BHyrPIll KOMn03~1..l,III1II.

• Ha~IIITbCH AOnOI1H~TeJ1bHbIM~ ~306pa3I11TeJ1bHbIM~ CpeACTBaMIll A06111- BaTbCH paBHOBeC~R B KOMn03111LJ,1II1II.

TpefioB8HMR:

• Pa60Ta BbtnOI1HReTCR B xapaanaure (B axpOMaTIII4eCKOM ~CnOJ1HeHliIlII) C peweHllleM TOHaIlbHblX oTHOWeHllltA, 4-6 aapaaaroa.

• KOMn03L1LJ,L1R AOI1>KHa 6blTb aKKYpaTHOtA, nOKPbIT~e nI10CKOCT~ TOHOM - POBHbIM.

• KOMn03111LJ,1II0HHOe peweH~e AOJ1>KHO 6blTb Op~rIllHaIlbHbIM.

MaTepMan: rpacJ>IIITHbltA xapasnaru.

Pa3Mepbl KOMn03MI4MM: 60x80, 80x100 MM, cJ>opMaT I1~CTa - A4.

3AAAHME2

• BbInOJ1HliITb ypaBHoBeweHHYIO KOMn03~LJ,1II1O ~3 rpex cJ>lIIryp, ABe 1113 KOTOPblX L1MeIOT OAJIIHaKOBYIO cJ>OPMY III paauep, a rperss KOHTpaCTHa 111M no cJ>opMe.

• CO"4eTaTb npHMOJ1I11HetAHble III KPIIIBOJ1I11HetAHble cJ>OPMbl (eCI1I11 ABe cJ>lIIryPbl 06TeKaeMOtA KOH4>~rypaLJ,L1~, TO rpersa C npRMblMIII, OCTPbIM~ O"4epTaH~RMIII). Ao6111TbCR paBHOBeCliIR B KOMn03111u.~1II TOJ1bKO nyreM nepeMe~eHli1R 4>t.1ryp, 6e3 AOnOJ1Hli1TenbHbIX cpeACTB.

'-'en ..

• C03,lJ,8Tb KOMn03li1u.t.1JO, nonoopaa Op~rli1HanbHYIO KOH¢lIIrypau.~1O 06beKTOB.

• BepHO BblAep)f(aTb paassep cJ>IIIryp, IIIX cooraouieaue C Bel1WililHOtA I1I11CTa, 4T06bl sees cJ>opMaT 6bIIl3a,D,etACTBOBaH, He 6bl110 6bl nYCTOTbl ~ ¢t.1rypaM He 6bl110 6b1 TeCHO.

Tpe6oBaHMSI:

• BblnoIlHIIITb noacsoeue BaplllaHTbl B xapaanaure (5-7 WT.); 3aTeM Bb16- paHHbltA sapaaar - B axpowarusecxax userax, C peweHllleM ecex TOHaJ1bHbIX oTHOWeHt.1tA.

• KOMn03111u.~R ,lJ,OIl>KHa 6blTb aKKYpaTHa, Hal10)l(eH~e u.BeTa - POBHbIM.

• B03MO)l(HO IIICn0l1b30BaH~e AeKOpaTt.1BHbIX cJ>lIIryp, npIll611t.1>KeHHbIX K npaPOAHblM cJ>opMaM. HO rorna OHIII He AOIl>KHbl 6blTb ~306pa3li1Tel1bHbIMIII, 06f13aTel1eH MOMeHT CTli1Il~3au.lIIlII. B03MO)l(HO III BHeCeHt.1e nexopa, HO TaK, 4T06bl OH He pa36~Ban u.eJ1bHOCTb cpOpM.

MaTepMan: TYWb.

Pa3Mepbl KOMn03M .... MM: 60x8D, 80x10 MM, cJ>opMaT IlIIICTa - A4.

3AAAHME3

• BblnOI1HL1Tb ypaBHOBeweHHYtO KOMn03t.11..l,1111O 1113 KOHTpaCTHblX no cJ>opMe nsTeH, B npRMoyrOl1bHOtA nJ10CKOCTt.1 pa3MeCT~Tb 5-8 3neMeHTOB t.111111 KOHTpacT-

42

HblX QlOPM pa3JlW-IHOIIt KOHQllilrypaLl,II'JlII, co-eras 06TeKaeMbie iii npSlMOJlIiIHelltHble. 3TO MOryT6blTb Kpyrlil, osanu, OCTPOyrOJlbHble, IDKYpHble iii npasansasre npSlMoyrOJlbHble QlOPMbllilJlIiI npIiI6JlIiI)l(eHHbie K TaKOBblM Qllilrypbl.

• BepHO HalltTIiI MeCTO Ka)l(,lJ,OIlt QllilryPbl, nOMHSl 0 ee aece B 3aBIiICIiIMOCTIiI OT QlOPMbl (HanpIiIMep, KOMnaKTHafi QlOpMa BOCnpliIHIiIMaeTCfI 60Jlee MaCCIIIBHOIlt, 1i13pe3aHHafi no QlopMe IiIJlIi1 a)l(ypHas:t - 06JleryeHHOIlt, naxe eCJlIiI OHa B Ll,eJlOM no paavepv 60Jlbwe).

• BCnOMHIi1Tb III yyeCTb B patiore neao-npaaoe socnpaarae nJlOCKOCTIiI. ~enb

• HaY4lt1TbCfI patiorars C 3JleMeHTaMIiI pa3JlIiI'-lHoli1 QlOPMbl. BcnOMHIiITb KaK 8JllllfleT cpopMa npenuera Ha paeuoeecue KOMn03Ii1L1,IiIIiI.

Tpe6oBaHMR:

• BblnOJlHltITb 5-7 eapaanros KOMnOHOBOK B xapannaure; Bbl6paHHbillt BaplilaHT asmonaaerca B axpOMaTVlyeCKOM pellJeHIi1Ii1. cPVlryPbl AOJl)l(Hbl BOCnpVlHIiIMaTbcfI CIiIJlY::HHO BepHO. He06xoAIiIMO Hali1TVI TOHaJlbHble oruouieHltISI Me)l(,lJ,y QlopMaMIi1.

• cPli1ryPbl AOJl)l(Hbl 6bITb yeTKO npopacoea-rer, axxyparuo noxpauieuu, YTO- 6bl CIi1JlYST 6blJl POBHblM (He6pe)l(HOCTb B nospacxe 6YAeT MewaTb peweHIllIO 3aAa41i1).

• Heo6xoAVIMO HalltTVI IiIHTepeCHbie ltI paaaooopaaaue no oxepra-uno QlVlryPbl.

MaTepMan: TYWb.

Pa3Mepbl KOMn03M4MM: 60x80 MM, QlOpMaT JlVlCTa - A4.

3AAAHliIE 4

• BblnOJlHIiITb ypaBHoBeweHHYIO KOMn031i1L1,IiIIO ltI3 pa3JlIIIYHbiX no BeJlIIIYIIIHe SJleMeHTOB.

• B npfiMoyroJlbHOM QlOpMaTe pa3MeCTltITb SJleMeHTbl oAVlHaKoBolIt QlOPMbl, HO paaaux pasraepoa (7-10 Qllilryp). Hari1T111 npaaunsaoe nonoxeaae KaK 60JlbWVlX, TaK ltI MaJlblX 06beKTOB. cPlilryPbl MOryT 6blTb a6CTpaKTHble, reoverpayeCKltIe III 1i1306pa3I11TeJlbHO-AeKopaTIiIBHble, C 06f13aTeJlbHOIIt CTIIIJlVl3aLl,Vleli1. ~enb

• OTpa60TaTb HaBblKIiI opraauaauaa paeaoeecna B MOHOKOMn03V1L1,IiIVI.

Tpe6oBaHMS1:

• BblnOJlHIiITb nOViCKOBble eapaaaru B xapaanaure (5-7 WT.); 3aTeM Bb16- paHHbl1lt sapaaur - B axpOMaTIiI'-IeCKOM IiIcnOJlHeHliI1iI C HaXO)I(AeHVleM TOHaJlbHblX oTHoweHIilli1.

• Pa60Ta AOJl)l(Ha 6blTb aKKYpaTHoli1.

• HalltTVI VlHTepeCHYIO QlOPMY npenraeros.

MaTepMan: TYWb.

Pa3Mepbl KOMn03M14MM: 60x80 MM, cpopMaT JlVlCTa - A4.

43

3A.QAHr.1E 5

• BblnOJ1HIIITb saaaaae Ha AIiIHaMW·leCKoe pasaoaecae xpyroa iii rpeyronsHIiIKOB.

• B KBCiApaTHOM Q:>opMaTe BblnOJ1HIiITb AIiIHaMIiIYHYIO KOMn03HLJ,1iI1O 1i13 KPY~ rOB pa3HbiX paaraepoa 111 pa3JlIIIYHbie no Q:>opMary 111 pa3MepaM rpeyronsHHKIiI. Kom14eCTBO Q:>lIIryp: 7-12.

• C03AaTb B KOMn03111LJ,1II1II I1111Jl1031i11O ABIII)I(eHIiIR, HO npa 3TOM n03a6oTIiITbCfI o TOM, YTo6bl npenveru He CTpeMIIIJlIIICb nOKIIIHyrb csoe nOJ1Q)KeHlI1e, paspyuras TeM caMblM LJ,eJlbHOCTb KOMn03HLJ,II1I11. BHIIIMaTeJlbHee OTHeCTIiICb K HanpaB11eHIIIIQ OCTpOyro11bHbIX TpeyrOJ1bHIIIKOB. BcnOMHIiITb 0 POJ1H Q:>OPMbl 06beKTa B KOMn031i1LJ,1iI1iI, 0 HanpaBJ1eHIllIiI, B KOTOPOM pacnonaraiorcs Q:>lIIryPbl. Ocrpue ymbl TpeyrOJlbHIiIKOB uanpaanare K uearpaneaoa yaCTIII KOMn031i1LJ,1I1111 1113-3a AII1HaMIIIYHOCTIII IiIX q>0PMbl.. TpeyroJlbHIiIKIII MOryr HCnOJlb30BaTbCR KaK npfiMoyrOJlbHble, TaK VI ocrpue, npaBIiIJlbHol7IH uenpaBIIIJ1bHOI7I Q:>0PMbl. COyeTaHHe rex iii APyrlllx YCIiIJlIiIT MOMeHT Alfl HaM iii Kill , TaK KaK 6YAeT B03HIiIKaTb AonOJlHVlTeJlbHbl17l KOHTpaCT q>OpM.

U.enb

• YYa.1TbCfI C03Aa,BaTb AIIIHaMHKY B KOMn03HLl.HII1, nepenasare ouivuieaae ABIfI)l(eHIiIR, BIII6paLJ,lI1V1 3JleMeHTOB, coxpanss npu 3TOM o6w,ee paenoeecae.

• HaYYIiITbCfI HaxOAIiITb aepaoe MeCTO pa3JlIIIYHbiX no q>opMe CPlllryp B pa3- JlW·IHbIX yyaCTKax KOMn031i1LJ,1iI1II.

Tpe6oBaHMR:

• nOIflCKOBble sapaa-rru BblnOJlH5IIOTCfI B xapaunaure (5-7 WT.); nanee=axpOMaTlIIyeCKIIIVI sapaaar KOMn031i1LJ,1iI1II c YCTaHoBJleHHeM CBeTJlOTHblX oTHoweHlIIlII.

• Pa60Ta AOJ1)1(Ha 6blTb aKKYpaTHoVi.

• BBOAIfIMblVi B KOMn03a.1LJ,1i11O nexop AOJ1)1(eH CO'-leTaTbC5I no PIfICYHKY C cpopMOlllQ:>lfIryp.

MaTepMan: rvurs,

Pa3Mepbl KOMno3Mu.MM: 60x80, 80x100 MM, cpopMaT JlIIICTa - A4.

3A.QAHHE 6

• Pa3AeJlIIITb KB8ApaTHYIO nJlOCKOCTb cpopMaTa '-IeTblpbMfI JlIiIHIfI5IMIII Ha paBHble sacra B roPlfl30HTMbHOM III BepTIIIKMbHOM HanpaBJIeHIlla.1, C04eTaSl 3TII1I.fJleHeHa.1fl C KOMnoHoBKolil rpex OAlo1HOYHblX MOTIfIBOB (3J1eMeHTOB KOMn031i1LJ,a.1a.1) npaBIfIJlbHOI7I reOMeTplIIl.feCKOVI CPOPMbl (Kpyr; KBaAPaT, OBM) IfIJlIII nplfl6JlIII)l(eHHbiX K Helil. 3TO MOryr 6blTb AeKopaTIiIBHbie CPOPMbl nplflpOAHblX 3J1eMeHTOB C o6flsarensaoa CTIIIJla.13aLJ,lfIel7l. KOMnIflJlflLJ,a.1f1 AOJl)l(Ha 6blTb cTaT1II4HoliI, TaK KaK IfIcnOJlb3yeTc5I '-IneHeHlile, OCHOBaHHoe Ha nplfIHLJ,lflnax Ca.1MMeTpllla.1, a.1 ypasao-

44

seweHHOVt. 3T0 AOCTlt1raeTCs:! 3a cser 4J1eHeH&!IfI nJlOCKOCT&!I Ha 'iaCT&!I It1 nepepaonpeneneaaa usera 1t13 OAHoro yYaCTKa KOMn031111J,vUiI B APyroi71 no Tlt1ny waxMaTHOVt AOCKIt1 C ItICnOJlb30BaHlileM TOHanbHblX KOHTpaCTOB.

Ll,enb

• Ao61t1TbCfI paeuoaecas B KOMn03V1LJ,1tI1tI aa c-er 4J1eHeHlllfI I1JlOCKOCT&!I Ha "taCTlII III TOHaJlbHblX KOHTpaCTOB.

Tpe6oaaHMH:

• BbIl10J1HIIITb 5-7 nOIllCKOBblX sapaa-rroa B xapaanaure, 3aTeM 2 B axporaaTlIIyeCKOM &!ICnOJ1HeHIII&!I.

• Ba)KHO nOCTOs:!HHO 3a60T&!ITbCs:! 0 coxpaueaaa CTaTIIIKIII B Ka)l(,D,OM ynpaxHeHIIIIII.

• KOMnoHYfi 3JleMeHTbi B KBaApaTHOM c:popMaTe HY)l(HO Y"teCTb cxpsrrue BHYTpeHHllle AB&!I)I(eH&!IfI, xapacrepaue Anfl AaHHoi71 c:p0PMbl. He06xoAIIIMO nOMHIiITb, "ITO pa3J11i14Hble yyaCTKIiI KB8ApaTa BocnplIIHlIIMalOTCfI no-paaHOMY, n03TOMY CJ1eAyeT npaaansao nacnpenenars rouaneasre aKLJ,eHTbl. MaTepMan: ryurs.

Pa3Mepbl KOMn03M u MM: 60x60, BOxBO, 1 00x1 00 MM, cpopMaT JlIiICTa - A4.

3AAAHHE7

• BblnOJlHIIITb aanaaae, aaanora-nroe npeAbIAyw,eMY, HO 3aMeHIiITb npSlMoJlIIIHei71Hoe 'iJ1eHeHlIIe 3J1eMeHTOB aa KPIIIBOJ1&!1HeVtHoe: 3TO MO)l(eT 6blTb Ayra, npoaseonssaa KplilBafl, 1t13rlll6, nOBTopSlIOUJ,IIIVtCfI no Bcei71 AnIilHe ~opMaTa (runa BOJ1Hbl). C03AaTb ypaBHoBeweHHYIO axpovara-recxyo KOMno- 31i1U,1iI1D, IIICn0J1b3Yfl LlJ1eHeHllle nnOCKOCTIil Ha 'iaCTlII.

Llenb

• C03AaTb paaaoaecae B KOMn031i1LJ,1II111 'ineHeHllleM nnOCKOCTIil. B peaynsrare o6pa3YIOTcs:! AOnOJ1HIiITeJlbHble Y'"laCTKIII, no KOTOPblM Heo6xoAlilMO nponOpLJ,lIIOHal1bHo pacnpenenure pa3m1YHbie m'ITHa B c:popMaTe nnOCKOCTIiI. Tpe6oBaHMH:

• Bblnol1HIIITb 5-7 nOIllCKOBblX eapva-rroe B xapaaaaure; 3aTeM Bbl6paHHYlO KOMn03111LJ,lIIlO B axpOMaTlII"IeCKOM IIIcnonHeHIiIIII.

• Ba)l(HO nOCTOs:!HHO 3a6oTlIITbCSl 0 coxpaaeaaa CTaTIIIKIiI B Ka)l(,D,OM ynpaxHeHIIIIII.

• KOMnoHYfi 3neMeHTbi B KBaApaTHoM c:popMaTe Hy)I(HO yyeCTb cxpsrrue BHYTpeHHllle ABIII)I(eHIIIs:!, xapaxrepasre nns AaHHoi71 <p0PMbl. nOMHIIITb, LITO pa3nlll'iHble Y"laCTKIII xsanpara BOCnpIIIHIt1MaIDTCs:! no-pa3HOMY, n03TOMY CJ1eAyeT «oppexrapoaare IIIX socnpasrae aa C"IeT npaaaneaoro pacnpeAeneHIIIS1 TOHaJlbHblX aKLJ,eHTOB.

MaTepMan: ryurs.

Pa3Mepbl KOMn03Ml4MM: 60x60, BOx80 MM, cpopMaT nucra - A4.

45

3AAAHME8

• BblnO.nHIiITb KOMn03V1lJ,VlIO Ha C03,D,aHVle paBHOBeCVI~ C IiICnO.nb30BaHVleM cxeM 'i.neHeHIiI~ n.nOCKOCTVI Ha yaCTVI no npVlHL.J.lilny CTan1KVI Vl3 4-x - 5-TIil Hec.nmKHbiX C:Pll1ryp VIfIIil nexoparaaaerx 311eMeHToB, KOMn03V1lJ,1I10HHO He CBSl3aHHbiX Me)J(,D,Y c060.:1, a CBo60,D,HO pacnonaraouiaxcs B cpopMaTe. 4neHeHVle IlnOCKOCTII1 IIlCnOnb30BaTb e ,D,BO.:1HO~ uensio: AIl~ AOCTIiI>KeHIIlS! paaaoeecas 111 AIlS! CBSl3blBaHVl5I npeAMeTOB B e,D,II1HYIO KOMn03111lJ,1Il1O. Ao- 6Ii1TbC~ sroro cnenyer sa CYeT nepeepocxa TOHa C OAHII1X yyaCTKOB cpopMaTa Ha APyrVle, KaK C npeAMeTa Ha CPOH, TaK III Ha06opOT.

• OAIiIHaKOBble TOHa11bHble nnraa AOn)l(Hbl npo.:1n1 npll1 3TOM eAIIlHblM KOMn03V1lJ,1Il0HHbIM npllleMOM CKB03b see npeAMeTbl, 06beAIiIH5ISlIllX.

• KOMn0311lLJ,IIlSl A011)1(Ha 6blTb CTaTIIlYHa, MO)l(eT 6blTb YKpaweHa HeC110)l(HbIM opHaMeHTOM.

U.enb

• A061i1TbCfI paBHOBeCVls:l1I1 lJ,e.nOCTHOCTIIl BocnplIlflTIIls:! Bce~ KOMn0311lLJ,VlVI, T.e. 'i11eHeHlIle IIlcIlonb3yeTcfI AOn011HII1Te11bHO AIls:! KOMn03I1lL.J.VlOHH0.:1 CBfl3KVI. Tpe6oBaHMR:

• Bbln011HIIlTb noacsoeae sapaaaru B xapasnaure (5-7 WT.); 3aTeM Bblno.nHVlTb Bbl6paHHbl~ eapuaar B TOHaJ1bHOM axpOMaTlilyeeKOM peureaau.

• npaBVlJ1bHO oacnonoxare 3J1eMeHTbl B KOMn03V1lJ,VlVI.

• Pa60Ta AOJ1)1(Ha 6blTb aKKypaTHO~.

MaTepM8n: axaapens, rvaurs, rvurs,

Pa3Mepbl KOMn03M u M14: 60x6D, BOx8D MM, cpopMaT 11I1lCTa - A4.

3AAAHME9

• C03AaTb AIIlHaMlIlyeCKYIO KOMn031i1lJ,liIlO C AOCTaTOYHO 60J1bWIIlM xonaseCTBOM aneMeHTOB (60J1ee AeC~TliI), 06eCneYliIBaS! paeuoeecae, xoropoe nocraraercs aa CYeT nepepacnpeaeneaaa aneMeHTOB no nnOCKOCTIil.

• 3a.n,aHliIe BbInOJ1Hs:!eTCs:! C nOMow.blO OAHO~ Vl3 exeM oprauaaauaa 311eMeHTOB B AIIlHaMliIyeCKO~ KOMn0311lLJ,VlII1 (no BbI6opy).

npeAll8raeTCSI TPM BapMaHTa:

• npVl OAliIHaKOBocnl MOTII1BOB AliIHaMWiHOCTb nocruraerca 3a CYeT paa- 1111l'iHbIX paCCTOflHIIl~ Me>KAY 3.neMeHTaMIiI, a raxxe aa c-rer IiIX cryLUeHIIls:! Ha OAHIIlX yYaCTKax III paapexenaocrn Ha APyrlilx.

• OAVlHaKoBbl.:1 MOTIIlB pa3nlllYHbiX paaesepoe o6pa3yeT AIIlHaMlIlyeCKYIO KOMn0311lLJ,1Il1O 3a c-rer paononoxeaas Ha pa3nlllYHbiX paccroaaasx APyr OT novra, AIIlHaMIIl'iHOCTb nocraraerca no ABYM napaverpav - paccroaHViIO III paawepav.

• AliIHaMlIlyeCKas:l KOMn0311lL.J.liISl coanaercs no TpeM napasserpaw: pasvep, paccrosaae liI noaopor.

46

Ll.enb

• C03AaTb Ai1HaMi14HOCTb B KOMn03i1LJ,i1i1, COXpaHSUI Bbl6paHHYIO CXeMY i1 3a6oHICb npw 3TOM 0 paBHOBeCi1i1 B KOMn03i1LJ,VWI.

Tpe6oBaHIIIR:

• nOi1CKOBble aapaauru BbIn01lHflIOTCfI B xapaanauie (5-7 WT.); 3aTeM axpovarnsecxoe peuiesae Bbl6paHHoro aapuaara.

• AeKOpaTi1BHafi KOMn03i1LJ,i1f1 A011>KHa Bbln01lHflTbCfI aKKYpaTHo.

• HaHOCi1Mbl~ Ha 311eMeHTbl AeKOp He A01l)l(eH 6blTb OLfeHb aKTHBeH, 4To6b1 He uapyurars LJ,e1lbHOCTi1 BOCnpi1f1Ti1f1 KOMn03i1LJ,i1H.

• He cnenver HATlII no nyri1 YC1l0)l(HeHi1f1 31leMeHTOB, TaK KaK aTO 6YAeT MewaTb BoCnpHSlTi11O o6w,elii cxeMbl nOCTpOeHi1S1.

MaTepMan: ryuis.

Pa3Mepbl KOMn03111 u IIIM: 60x60, 80x80 MM, cpopMaT 1lHCTa - A4.

3AAAHME10

• Bbln01lHi1Tb 38AaHHe Ha opraHH3au,i11O AOMi1HaHTbl - KOMno3Hu.i10HHOro ueurpa.

• Bce aneueuru Ai1HaMi14eCKO~ III11H CTaTW-leCKO~ KOMn03i1LJ,i1i1 A011)1(Hbl HMeTb OAHY HTY)I(e CPOPMY, HO TOT i13 HHX, KOTOPbl~ asmonaaer ¢lYHKLJ,i11O AOMi1HaHTbl, IIIMeeT caMble 6011bWi1e i1Jllll caMble M8Jlble paauepu, T.e. AOMlIIHaHTa peanaayercs 3a C .... er pa3JlWlllllii B paauepax. AOMHHaHTa AOJl)l(Ha nerxo npOCMaTpi1BaTbCs:1 B KOMn03i1LJ,i1i1, npi1 Heo6xOAi1MOCTi1 ee MO>KHO BbIAe1li1Tb L~BeTOM i111H TOHOM.

Ll.enb

• HaY4i1TbCfI npaaansao pacnonarars 3JleMeHTbi B KOMn03111LJ,HIII, 38AeliiCTBYfI npa 3TOM aKTIIIBHYtO LJ,eHTpanbHYIO, 4aCTb cpopMaTa, yYlIITblBaSi aaKOHbl BlII3Y8JlbHOro BOCnpIllSlTi1f1 n1l0CKOCTi1.

Tpe6oBaHMH:

• KOMn03i1LJ,1II0HHble peuieaaa BbJn01lHflIOTCfI B xapaanauie (5-7 WT.); aaTeM - Bbl6paHHbilii sapaaar B aXpOMaTi1 .... eCKOM i1cnOJlHeHi1l11.

• Pa60Ta BbJnOJlHfleTCfI aKKypaTHO.

• II1CnOJlb3yeMbie B KOMn03i1L1,lIIlII 3J1eMeHTbl AOJl>KHbl 6blTb CTIIIJ1i130BaHbl i1 HanOllHeHbl1lerKi1M AeKopOM.

MaTepMan: ryurs.

Pa3Mepbl KOMn03M u MM: 60x60, 80x80 MM, Q>opMaT 1lHCTa - A4.

3AAAHillE 11

• BbIn01lHlIITb AeKOpaTi1BHYIO KOMn03i1L1,i1IO, B xoropoa pOJ1b uesrpa 6YAeT HrpaTb KOMn03111L1,HOHHafl navaa.

47

• KOMn03~1I,~~ ,D,OmKHa COCTOS'lTb ~3 ,D,eKOpaT~BHbIX aneMeHTOB, npoaasoneHO paCnOJ1Q)KeHHbIX B cpOpMaTe. 3J1eMeHTbl MOryr 6blTb KaK oA~HaKoBble no paasaepy, TaK 111 paauue. KaKaS'l-TO 4aCTb uearpa KOMn03~1I,~&o1 AomKHa 6blTb CBo60,D,Ha OT 3J1eMeHTOB. K0J1V14eCTBO 3neMeHTOB AOJDKHO 6blTb ,0,0- CTaTO .... HO 60nbW~M (60J1ee nsanuara).

"'enb

• BepHO Hallinl nnouiaas KOMn03111u,VlOHHOIli navau B cpopMaTe, .... To6bl OHa He 6blna cnVlLLIKOM aenuxa Vlnlll Mana, opraunsoeuaana uearp KOMn03~L.J,VI~ VI He B03HIIIKano COMHeH&o111i Bee He06xOAVIMOCTIII.

Tpe6oBaHMR:

• KOMn03V1u.~OHHble peweH~S'! BblnOJ1H~IOTCS'I B xapaunauie (7-10 WT.); 3aTeM - axpOMaTW-IeCKOe peWeHltIe Bbl6paHHoro Bap&o1aHTa.

• BblnOJ1HeHltIe Aon)l(HO 6blTb aKKYpaTHbIM.

• 3neMeHTbi KOMno3111u,~14 (MOT~Bbl) MOryl 6blTb npVl6nltl)f(eHbl K aarypansHbIM, HO C o6~3aTenbHolli CT&.1J1V13au,lIIelli, a MOryr 6blTb 111 vcnoaao-reoverpW-IeCKIIIMltI.

MaTepMan: rvure.

Pa3Mepbl KOMn03111~MM: 60x60. 80x80 MM. cpopMaT Il&.1CTa - A4.

3A.QAHHE12

• BblnOnHVlTb AeKopaTlllBHbl1li CTaTIII .... HbIVl HaTlOpMopT ltI3 CTVlJ1V130BaHHbIX 5-7 ynpow,eHHblx npenveros.

• Bce npeAMeTblltl306pa>KaIOTC~ CPPOHTaJ1bHO. cpopMa npenraeros oorexaeMa~ 1IIJ1&.1 npSlMOJ1~HeIliHaS'l, 6e3 peaxax yrnoe. Pacnpeneneaue npeAMeTOB no nnOCKOCT~ nncra paeaowepaoe, 6e3 CKY .... eHHOCTI4 111 o6pa30BaHIIIS'I nycroru B 30He ~306pa)l(eH~~. Pacnonoxan. npe,D,MeTbl B KOMno3~u.ltIlII HMO B paBHOBeC~III, npa 3TOM eCJ1~ pa3AeIlIIITb nnOCKOCTb <t>opMaTa eepT111KaJlbHOIli OCblO Ha ABe '-IaCTIII, KOJ1V1'-1eCTBO ceernux 111 TeMHblX narea C J1eBOVl CTOPOHbl B lI,eJ10M AOJ1)1(HO paBHS'lTbC~ Toili )l(e Macce nares cnpasa.

• B KOMno3111u,1II~ Heo6xOAIIIMO Bbl,D,ep)l(aTb np~Hu.Vln CTaT&.1K&.1. "'enb

• Oananers HaBblKaMltI CTlllnlll3all,~1II 111 o606w.eHVI~ B HaTlOpMopTe, Hay4~TbC~ CT~IlltlCT&.1 .... eCK~ TpaHccpopMlllpOBaTb npeAMeTbl, npexne BCerD 3aOCTPAS'! BHIIIMaH~e Ha IIIX np~pOAHoiii cpopMe.

• C03AaTb cnoKolliHYIO cTaTIi14HYlO KOMn03&.111,1II1O no cpopMe npe,D,MeToB.

Tpe6oB3HMSI:

• nO~CKOBble eapaaaru BblnOJ1HSlIOTCSl B xapaanauie (7-10 WT.); Bbl6paHHbilli eapuaar - B axpovarn .... ecKoM peWeHlIIltI (rpacpIll4ecK~).

• YCTaHoBIIITb paeuoaecae B CTaTltI4HOLii KOMn03lt1l1,lIIlt1. Pa60Ta ,D,OJ1)1(Ha 6blTb aKKYpaTHolli.

48

• 06Sl3aTeflbHa vcnoeaocrs B nepenase 06beMOBIII nllaHOBOCTVI npenueTOB (r.e. OTCYTCTBVle CaeTO-B03AYWHOVI nepcnecraau).

MaTepMan: ryWb.

Pa3MepbI KOMn03Mu.MM: 60x60, BOx80 MM, q,OpMaT nacra - A4.

3AAAHME13

• BblnOllHVlTb CTIIIll1ll30BaHHblVi AIIIHaMlt14HbIVi HaTlOpMOpT lt13 7-10 npeAMeTOB, COBMeCTIIIB HeCKOllbKO T04eK 3peHVlSl Ha pasasre npeAMeTbl. Oosue~eHllle ABYX T04eK 3peHlt1Sl aa OAIIIH npeAMeT, aKTlt1BHbIVi KOHTpacT B pasaepax Me)KAY npeAMeTaMlt1 YCIIIJlSlT AlliHaMIII4HOCTb KOMn03111L1,lIIlt1. Onpaanauo 6YAeT aononsaoeaaae ocrpovronsaux CPOPM III pacnonoxeaue npeAMeToB B pa3Hbix AIIIHaMWieCKIIIX noeoporax,

• nplll HapyweHIIIlt1 clIIMMeTplII1II H}')KHO A06l11Ba'rbcSl paBHOSeClt1f1 aa C4eT lt1Cnonsaoaaaaa aKTIIIBHblX KOHTpacToB. 60JlbWOe KOIl1ll4eCTBO npenveros B neBoVi '"IaCTIII nllOCKOCTLo1 CMO)l(eT ypasaoaecars He60JlbWOVl, HO KOHTpacTHblVi no TOHY npeAMeT, pacnonoxeaasra B npaaoa 4aCTIII.

L4enb

• C03AaTbAlliHaMIII4HYlO KOMn03lo1L1,Lo11O nYTeM KOMnOHOBKIII npenueroe C npaBlle4eHlo1eM A0l10JlHLo1TellbHbiX cpencrs.

• OBIlaAeTb npllleMaMIII nepena-ia Alt1HaMVlKI!1 B lo1306pa3111TeJlbHOVI KOMno- 3lt1L1,1IIlo1 C coxpaHeHLo1eM paauoaecaa.

Tpe6oBaHMfI:

.7-10 nOlllCKOBblX eapaaaros BblllOllHfllOTCfI a xapaanaiue: 3aTeM Bb16- paHHbl~ sapaa-rr - B axpoMaTLo14ecKoM IIIcnOllHeHlo1lo1 C HaxO)l(,D,eHllleM ecex TOHallbHblX KOHTpacToB.

• BHlIIMaTellbHo orsecracs K KOMnOHOBKe npeAMeToB; npa peanaaauau OCHOBHOVI lIIAelo1 3aooTlIITbCfI 06 aKKYpaTHOCTIII lt1cnOIlHeHlllfI, C06JllOAaTb TOHaJlbHbie KOHTpaCTbl.

MaTepMan: ryWb.

Pa3Mepbl KOMn03M4MM: 60x60 MM, cpopMaT nacra - A4.

3AAAHME14

• BblnOllHlIITb ABa HaTlOpMopTa 1113 OAHHX H rex )l{e ynpo~eHHblX no cj>opMe npeAMeTOB, nepensaraa IIIX aa nllOCKOCTlt1 C He6011bWIIIMlt1 H3MeHeHlIISlMlt1 B KOMn03lo1L1,lo1H:

• CTaTIII4HblVi HaTlOpMopT, AeKOplt1pOBaHHbIVi CTanl4HbiM opHaMeHTOM, KOTOPbl~ 6YAeT nplIICYTCTBOBaTb BO eceu 1II306pa)l(eHIIIIII, KaK B npenraerax, T8K III no CPOHY. MO)l(HO IIIcnOIlb30BaTb HeCKOllbKO BIIIAOB HeCIlO)f(HbIX opHaMeHTOB, a raoee OTAeJ1bHble HX 311eMeHTbl.

49

• AVlHaMII1YHbll4 HaTiOpMOpT, raxxe HanOJ1HeHHbll4 opHaMeHTOM, HO Y'Ke AII1HaMII1YHbIM. KOJlVlyeCTBO VlCnOJll:;o3yeMblx npeAMeTOB B HaTlOpMopTe: 5-7 WT. LJ.enb

• nOHSlTb VI oT06pa3V1Tb npVlHLJ,VlnVla1lbHYIO pa3HVlLJ,y B peWeHlI1111 ABYX aanopMOPTHblX KOMn03V1LJ,Vll4, HaY"'lVlTbcfl nOJlb30BaTbCSl AeKopoM VI VlCnOJlb30- aars era He TOJlbKO B KayeCTBe YKpaWeHII1Sl, HO VI KaK cpeACTBO AOCTlI1>1<eHlI1fl onpeneneuaux KOMn03V1LJ,VlOHHbIX aana-r, B AaHHOM cnvsae CTaTII1KII1 111 AVIHaMVlKVI, npaBII1JlbHO pacnpenenss opHaMeHT B KOMn03V1LJ,VlVI. 60JlbWVle no paauepv npeAMeTbl AeKopll1pYIOTCfl cnoxuee, MeHbWVle - npow,e, COBceM MeJlKVle - JlIIIWb BBeAeHlI1eM B HViX OTAeJlbHblX 3JleMeHTOB Vl3 opHaMeHTOB C 60JlbWVlX npeAMeTOB.

Tpe6oaaHMR:

• nOVICKOBble BapVlaHTbl KOMn03111LJ,1,.1Io1 VI opHaMeHTa BblnOJlH5IIOTCfl B «apaaAaUJe (7-10 WT.); 3aTeM B Bbl6paHHbl~ KOMn03V1LJ,VlOHHbl~ eapaa-rr BBOAVlTCSl opnauear. ABa OCHOBHblX sapaaara AIIIHaMVlYHOrO III CTaTVlYHOrO HaTiOpMOpTa esmonasnorcs B TOHOBOM peuieaua.

• OTo6pa3V1Tb npVlHLJ,lI1nll1aJlbHYIO pa3HIIILJ,y B opraHII13aLJ,lI1V1 CTaTVlKIII VI AII1HaMIIIKII1 B KOMn03I11L1,II1I11.

• npaBIIIJlbHO pa3MecTVlTb opHaMeHTa1lbHble BCTaBKVI B 111306pa>KeHVlII1.

• Pa60Ta AOJl>KHa 6blTb aKKypaTHo~.

MaTepMan: ryuis.

Pa3Mepbl KOMn03M",MM: BOxBO, 100x100 MM, ct>opMaT JlVlCTa - A4.

3AAAHME15

• BblnOJlHIIITb OAHY It1 TY >l<e KOMn03V1LJ,1II1O aanopuopra B ABYX eapuaarax: 1) aanopvopr Vl3 CTII1Jllll30BaHHbiX npenveroa, B KOTOPOM aa CYeT usera nepenars ouiyuieaae rpex nJ1aHOB: nepenaero, cpenaero 111 nansaero, IIIcnoJlb30BaTb reopmo ABVI>KeHVlfl usera B npocrpaucrae:

2) BO BTOPOM eapaaare roro )l(e uanopvopra aa CYeT LJ,BeTa C03AaTb IIIJlJl10311110 onaoro nnaaa nYTeM paauouepaoro pacnpeneneuas rennux III XOJlOAHblX TOHOB no Bce~ nJ10CKOCTVI KOMn03111LJ,1I1111.

B oooax aanopvoprax npeAMeTbl1ll306pa>KalOTCSl nJlOCKVlMII1, Jllll60 06beM nepenaercs OyeHb YCJlOBHO. KOJlll1yeCTBO VlCnOJlb3yeMbix npeAMeTOB: 8-10.

~Mb '

• AOCTIt1Yb YMeHVlSl nonssoeareca LJ,BeTOM npa 1I1306pa)l(eHVIVI npocrpaaCTBa. YMeTb coeAVlHVlTb reoperu-recsae 3HaHVlfl C npaKTlI1yeCKVlM VlX npaMeHeHlt1eM.

Tpe6oaaHMR:

• IIICnOJlb3yeMbie npenuers, AOJl>KHbl 6blTb CTII1Jllt130BaHbi B nnaae ynpow,eHlllfl CPOPMbl; CTVlJlIt13aLJ,VlIO BeCTIt1 nYTeM 3aOCTpeHII1fl npVlpoAHblX xapaxre-

50

Pl1CTVlK cpOPMbl. ECllVi 06beM nepenaercs, TO OyeHb YCJlOBHO, TeMHblM VlllVi CBeTflblM n5lTHOM B KaKot1-To 4aCTLII npeAMeTa.

• Pa60Ta nonsora 6blTb aKKYpaTHot1. LJ,BeT AOll)l(eH HaHOCl1TbC5I POBHO, 6e3 nOATeKOB l1 nonce.

• KOMn03V1L1,l10HHble nO&.1CK&.1 BblnOllH5IIOTC~ B xapaanaure no 060VlM aapuaHTaM no 5-10 WT.; 3aTeM - LJ,BeTOBble aCKl13bl HeCKOllbKl1X Bbl6paHHbix KOMn03l1LJ,l1~ no 3-5 WT. aa KIDKAblt1 Bap&.1aHT KOMnOHOBK&.1.

MaTepMan: axeapens, ryaurs, ryWb.

Pa3MepbI KOMn03ML\MH: 8Ox80, 80x100, 1 OOx1 00 MM, cpopMaT JlVlcTa-A4.

3AAAH~E16

• BbInOJlH&.1Tb HaTlOpMopT 1113 CT&.11111130BaHHbIX npeAMeToB (5-7 WT.), pacnonaras &.1X aa nllOCKOCTIll TaK, 4T06bl OH&.1 Hallarall&.1Cb APyr aa npyra.

• Ilpa 3TOM Y4aCTK&.1, B KOTOPblX OA&.1H npeAMeT nepexpusaer APyrot1, esrAeJlVlTb LJ,BeTOM B caMOCT05lTeJlbHbl8 narua, xcropue 6YAYT TaK xe, KaK &.1 npeAMeTbl, VlrpaTb pOJlb B KOM n03V1L1,VI VI , paooras Ha AOCTVI)I(eH&.1e nnocKOCTHOt1 AeKopaTVlBHOCT&.1.

Uenb

• HaY4V1TbC5I VlCnOllb30BaTb Ha npaKT&.1K8 npVleM HallO)l(eH&.151 CPOPMbl Ha CPOPMY.

Tpe6oBaHHH:

• LJ,BeToBot1 sapaa-rr AOJl)l(eH 6blTb aKKYpaTHbIM.

• C06J1IOAaTb roaaneasre xourpacru.

• nO&.1CKOBble aapaauru BblnOJlH5IIOTC5I B xapaanaure (6-7 WT.): Bbl6paHHbl~ sapaaar - B axpoMaTVl4ecKoM l1CnOllH8H&.1V1 VI B usere C coxpaaeaaeM Hat1AeHHbIX CBeTllOTHblX OTHoweHVlt1.

MaTepHan: axaapens, ryaurs, ryWb.

Pa3Mepbl KOMn03ML\MM: 80x80, 80x100, 100x100 MM, cpopMaT llViCTa-A4.

3AAAH~E17

• BblnOllHVlTb HaTlOpMopT Vl3 CTVlllVl30BaHHbiX npenueroa (5-7 WT.), &.1CnOllb3Y5I LtlleHeHVle nllOCKOCTVI Ha 4aCH1 npSlMblM&.1 &.111V1 KpVlBblMVI ll&.1H&.1S1- MVI: rpa+nsre sepraxaneuux llVlHVlt1 VI TP&.1-nfITb ropaaoaraneuux. U.enb

• IIIcnollb3Y51 YlleHeH&.1e nJlOCKOCTVI Ha yaCTVI, Ao6&.1TbCSI AeKopaTVlBHoli1 nnocKOCTHOCT&.1 aanopraopra, npa 3TOM HayYVlTbcSI npaaaneuo coserars TOHallbHble OTHOW8HVl5I B KOMn03V1LJ,VlVI.

Tpe6oBaHHH:

• nOVICKOBbl8 BapVlaHTbl BblnOllH5IIOTCSI B xapaanaure (3-5 WT.); 3aTeM Bbl- 6paHHbl~ sapuaar - B aXpOMaTl1"18CKOM peWeHl1l1.

51

• B nos ... CKOBbIX sapaaarax IIICnOJlb30BaTb HeCKOJlbKO ranos '-IJleHeHIII~ (C 60JlbWIIIM 1IIJ1111 MeHbWIIIM KOJlIII'-leCTBOM MOAYJleVl, '-IJleHeHllle KaK np~MbIMIII, TaK III KplllBblMIII JlIIIHIII~MIII).

MaTepMan: TYWb.

Pa3Mepbl KOMn03MLU4M: 80x80, 80x100, 1 00x1 00 MM, cpopMaT JlIIICTa - A4.

3A.QAHHE18

• BblnOJlHIIITb AeKopaTIIIBHYIO KOMn03111ll.1111O 1113 CTIIIJllll30BaHHbiX npeAMeTOB ynpow,eHHOVI CPOPMbl, HanOJlHIIIB IIIXAeKOpOM. KOJlIII'-leCTBO np9AMeToB: 5-7 WT.

• no BceVi KOMn03111lJ,1II111 HaTlOpMopTa - III no npenverav, III B Y'-IaCTKaX cpoHa - nponvcrars opHaMeHTanbHblVi MOTIIIB IIIJlIII ero ornensuue aneMeHTbl. B AaHHOVI clIITYalJ,1II111 opHaMeHT BblCTYnaeT B POJlIII CB~3YIOw,ero aJleMeHTa, HaxOA~ caoe orpaxeaae Ha pa3J1I11'-1HbIX Y'-IaCTKax KOMn03111lJ,1II111.

• Heo6xOAIIIMO ooparnrs BHIIIMaHllle Ha TO, '-ITO MeJlKllle npeaveru MeHbwe HanOJlHfllOTCfI opHaMeHTOM, '-IeM KpynHble, TaK KaK JlIo6afl KpynHafi cpopMa peuiaerca cnoxaee, '-IeM MeJlKafi.

• B03MO)KHO II1CnOJlb30BaHllle JlI06blX ranos opuaueura, HO He CTOIIIT IIICnOJlb- 30BaTb O'-leHb CJlO)l(Hble, '-ITo6bl He YCJlO)l(HIIIJlOCb socnpaarae KOMn03111lJ,1II111. lJ,enb

• C03AaTb AeKopaTIIIBHblVi HaTIOPMOPT sa C'-IeT HanOJlHeHlllfI ero opHaMeHTOM, rpaMOTHO paaueuiaa AeKOp no nJlOCKOCTIII 111306pIDKeHlllfI. Tpe6oBaHMR:

• nplII aKTII1BHOM BBeAeHlII1II opHaMeHTaJlbHblX MOTIIIBOB coxcauars u,eJlOCTHOCTb aocnpaaras HaTlOpMopTa.

• nOIllCKIII KOMn03111lJ,1II111 BblnOJlHflIOTC~ B xapaanaure (5-7 WT.); 3aTeM nenaercs OKOH'-IaTeJlbHbIVi sapaaur, B KapaHAawHYIO KOMn03111LJ,1II1O BBOAII1TCfI opaasrear.

MaTepMan: TYWb.

Pa3Mepbl KOMn03ML\MM: 60x60, 80x80 MM, cpopMaT JlIIICTa - A4.

3A.QAHHE19

• BblnOJlHIIITb KOMn03111lJ,1II1O aanopvopra 1113 ynpow,eHHblX CTIIIJllA30BaHHbiX npeAMeTOB, IIIcnOJlb3Yfl npllleM APo6JleHl-1f1 KOMn031AlJ,1A1A aa MeJlKllle y'-lacTKII1. 3TO MO)l(eT 6blTb MOAYJlb KaKorO-TO KYCO'-lKa, C03AaHHoro IIICKYCCTBeHHblM AeJleHllleM JlIIIHl-1f1MIII, IIIJlIl1 MOAYJlb Ma3Ka (npIIIHlJ,lIIn IAMnpeCCIIIOHIIICTOB III n. ¢>IIIJlOHOBa).

• AIlfi AOCTIII)KeHIII~ acpcpeKTa vnnouieaaocra paBHOMepHO pacnpenenars rennue IA XOJlOAHble Ma3KL'I no scea KOMn031AlJ,II1L'1. B peavnsrare nOJlY'-lIATCfI eAIIIHafl OAHOnJiaHOBafl KOMn031AlJ,L'lfI.

52

U.enb

• HaY4111TbCs:I pacnpenenars rennue 11 X0J10AHble L4BeTa no nJ10CKOCTVI, He AonYCKas:l 3pIIITeJ1bHOVI Ae4>opMaL4V1111 nJlOCKOCTIil KOMn03I1L1,IIIIII. Tpe6oB8HIIIR:

• PaBHOMepHO pacnpenensrs rennue III XOJlOAHble, csernue VI TeMHbie L4BeTa no nJlOCKOCTVI. 3a6oTVlTbCSl 0 TOM, LtTo6bl Ka)f(AblVi Ll,BeT aenpeMeHHO B TOVI VlJlVl IIIHOVI CTeneHVI nOBTOpVlJlCs:I BO scex Y4aCTKax KOMno- 3V1 Ll,VI 11.

• nOIllCKOBble BaplllaHTbl MOAYJ1s:1 VI KOMn03V1L1,VlIit BblnOJ1Hs:lIOTCs:I B KapaHAawe (5-7 WT.); LtIitCTOBOIii BaplilaHT- B L4BeTe.

MaTeplllan: acaapens, rvauis, TyWb.

Pa3Mepbl KOMn031114I11M: 80x80 MM, 4>opMaT J1V1CTa - A4.

53

rnaBa 2

LJ.BET B AEKOPATMBHOM KOMn03MLJ.MM

COKpaw.eHMR, Mcnonb3yeMbie B rnaae

5 ......... 6enblu K-n ....... KpacHblu C A06aBne-
'-I ......... l.JepHblU nnet« nypnypHoro
Cep ....... cepblu ct> ......... qmoneToBblu
5+Cep ..... 6enblu C A06aBneHIII- ct>-n ...... qmoneToBblu C ,£10-
eu ceporo 6aBneHllleM nypnyp-
5+2Cep .... 6enblu c 60nbwIIIM Horo
A06aBneHllleM ceporo n-ct> ...... nypnypHblu C A06aB-
5+2'-1 ...... TeMHo-cepblu neHllleM qmoneTO-
)1( ......... >KenTblU eoro
)1(+5 ...... , ... BblcBemeHHblu C ......... CIIIHIIIU
>KenTblU C-ct> ...... CIIIHIIIU C A06aBneHIII-
)1(+'-/ .......... 3aTeMHeHHbiU eM qmoneTOBoro
>KenTblU ct>-C ...... cpllloneTOBblU C ,£10-
0 ......... OpaH>KeBbiU 6aBneHllleM cnnero
0-)1( ...... OpaH>KeBbiU r ......... rony6ou
C A06aBneHllleM r-c ....... rony6oM C A06aBne-
>KenTOrO nneu cnnero
)1(-0 ...... >KenTblU C A06aBne- c-r ....... CIIIHIIIU C A06aBneHIII-
HllleM OpaH>KeBOrO eMrony6oro
Kop ....... KOpIIIl.JHeBbIM 3 ......... 3eneHbiM
K ......... KpacHblM 3-r ....... 3eneHbiu C A06aBne-
K-O ....... KpacHblu C A06aBne- HllleM rony6oro
HllleM OpaH>KeBOrO r-3 ....... rony6oM C A06aBne-
O-K ....... OpaH>KeBbiM C Ao6aB- HllleM senenoro
nennet« «pecnoro 3-)1( ...... 3eneHbiM C A06aBne-
n ......... nypnypHblu HllleM >KenTOrO
n-K ....... nypnypHblu C A06aB- )1(-3 ...... >KenTblU C A06aBne-
nennes» «pecnoro HllleM senenoro 54

POJIb nnera B ,n;eROpaTHBHOH ROMn03RD;HH TaK :lKe BeJIHRa, KB.K H B JII060M ,n;pyroM :lKHBOnHCHOM npoR3Be,n;eHHH. C nOMOII(blO YMeJIOrO HCnOJIb30BaHHH D;BeTOBhIX OTTeHROB MO:lKHO ,n;06HBaTbCH pemeaaa paaJIH"tIHhIX 3a.n;aQ II C03,n;8HHH aeooxop;HMOrO aCfJcpeRTa. B nponecce TBOp-

QeCROH ,lleHTeJIbHOCTH Xy.n;O:lKHIIK ,ll;OmKeH OBJIa,n;eTh n;BeTOBOH rpRMOTOH. 3HaTh CBOHCTBa onpezteneaasrx n;BeTOB H CnOC06hI HX B3aHMO,lleHCTBHH B KOMTI03HD;IIH, YTJ:HThIBaTb CBH3b CfJOPMhI H D;BeTa, 3aKOHOMepHoeTH nOCTpoeHHH rapMOHlI"tJ:eCKHX COOTHomeHHH.

Aae OCHoaHbie rpynnbl u aeToa: xpOMaTM"IeCKMe VI axpOMaTVI"IeCKVle

AxpOMaTll'leCKlle naera OTJIKTlaIOTCH OAlIH OT npyroro TOJIhKO creneRblO .HpKOCTH. Meaezry CaMbIMH HPlCDMH (6eJIhIMH) H CaMhIMH TeMHhIMH ('tfepHhIMH) cymecrayer MHO:lKeCTBO OTTeHKOB ceporo rrsera (pRC. 53).

PMc.53

XpOMaTH"IeCKBe nsera - STO D;BeTa H RX OTTeHKR, xoropsre MhI paaJIIIQaeM B cnercrpe. OHH OTJIKTlaJOTCH .n;pyr OT ,u;pyra no TpeM npH3HaKaM:

D;BeTOBOH TOR, HaCbIIIWHHOCTb, CBeTJIOTa RJIH HPKOCTb (pao. 54).

PMc.54

55

OCHOBHble npM3HaKM uaera

I\or,ll;a MhI ,lI;aeM XapaKTepHCTHKY RaROMY-TO :U;BeTY, TO 06hI'tIHO rOBopHM 0 TpeX ero npaaaaxax: :U;BeTOBOM TOHe, HaCbIru;eHHOCTH H CBeTJIOTe.

:QBeTOBoii TOH - ::lTO RaqeCTBO xpOMaTH'tIeCROrO :U;BeTa, xoropoe MhI Ha3bIBaeM - KpaCHbIH, meJITbIH, aeJIeHbIH H T.,lI;.

HaCId~eBBOCT~ - CTeneHb OTJIH'tIH.H xpoxarn-recxoro :U;BeTa OT axpOMaTH'tIeCROrO TOH me CBeTJIOTbI (r.e, TeMHee HJIH CBeTJIee, HO

pe'tIb H,lI;eT He 06 aKTHBHOCTH IIHrMeHTa).

IJ;BeToBoH TOH H HaCbIru;eHHOCT:b - RaqeCTBeHHbIe xapaRTepHCTHRH :U;BeTa, a ROJIH'tIeCTBeHHYIO ero CTOPOHY XapaRTepH3yeTcBeTJIOTa(Harrp.HjKeH~ HOCTb) :U;BeTa. Maneanree H3MeHeHHe O,ll;HOn H3 rpex BeJIWIHH BJIeqeT aa CO- 60ii H3MeHeHHe :U;BeTa. XpOMaTH'tIeCRHe :U;BeTa, xoropsre B OIITHqeCROM CMemeHHH ,lI;aIOT axpOMaTH'tIeCKHH U;BeT, Ha3bIBaIOTC.H B3aHMO,ll;OnOJIHH~ TeJILHIdMH.

OAHOBpeMeHHblM CBeTOBOM KOHTpaCT

KOHTpaCT - 9TO .RpRO BbIpajKeH~ Ha.H npOTHBOIIOJIOjKHOCT:b. O,ll;HOBpeMeHHhIH cBeToBoH ROHTpaCT B03HHKaeT IIPH HaJIH'tIHH Me.w:,lI;Y ,lI;BYM.H U;BeTaMH TOHaJILHOH pa3HHU;bI. Kor,ll;a 9TH :U;BeTa cyru;eCTBYIOT B nape, OHH IIOBbImaIOT .RPROCT:b ,lI;Pyr ,lI;pyra.

CYTL oaaospexeaaoro CBeTOBoro ROHTpaCTa (axpoxaraxecxoro) 3aK~ JIIO'tIaeTC.H B TOM, 'tITO CBeTJIOe II.HTHO na TeMHOM cpO He RajKeTC.H CBeTJIee, 'tIeM OHO eCTL aa caMOM ,lI;eJIe, a TeMHoe na CBeTJIOM - TeMHee. II.HTHO Ha3hIBaeTC.fI pearHPYJO~M noneM, a CPOH - HII,lzyKTHPYJO~HM. CBeTOBOH ROHTpacT 3aBHCHT OT paassepa IIJIOru;a.n;H pearapyromero IIOJI.H: qeM OHO MeH:bme, TeM Ra.w:eTC.H rexaee, 'tIeM 60JILme - TeM CBeTJIee. To eCTb O,ll;HOBpeMeHHbIH caerosoa KOHTpacT 3aBHCHT OT KOHcpHrypa:U;HH pearapy-

56

romero IIOJI.fI. ll3MeHeHHe JIHHeHHbIx paasrepos npa O,ll;HOBpeMeHHoM CBeTOBOM KOHTpacTe Ha3bIBaeTC.H appa,ll;a:U;Heii (pHC. 55).

PMc.55

OAHOBpeMeHHblM ~BeTOBOM KOHTpaCT

STOT BH,lI; KOHTpaCTa CBH3aH C raKHM npH3HaKOM D;BeTa KaK TOH.

Cymecrayer TeH,lI;eHD;HH D;BeTOB B KOHTpaCTe OT,lI;aJUIThCH ,lI;pyr OT ztpyra no n;aeTOBOMY Kpyry (aanpasrep, meJI' ThIH aa OpaHmeBOM cpOHe 6Y,lI;eT 60JIee 6JIe,ll;HhIM, "tJYTh aeJIeHOBaThIM, a opaameBhIH aa meJITOM 6Y,lI;eT HMeTh "tJYTh KpacHoBaThIH OTTeHOK (pHC. 56».

IIpH conOCTaBJIeHHH B3aHMO,ll;O' nOJIHHTeJIhHhIX D;BeTOB B BocnpHHTHH He B03HHKaeT HOBhIX OTTeHKOB, a npoHCXO,ll;HT JIHmh B3aHMHOe noesnneaae HaChI~eHHOCTH H CBeTJIOThI, HO npa Y,lI;aJIeHHH OHH TYCKHelOT H npespa~aIOTCH B cepoe nHTHO (pHC. 57).

Ha6JIIO,lI;eHHSI nCHXOJIOra B.M. TenJIOBa IIO HCCJIe,ll;OBaHHHM D;BeTOBoro KOHTpaCTa:

PMc.56

a) npa COIIOCTaBJIeHHH XOJIO,ll;HhIX D;BeTOB KOHTpaCT CHJIhHee, "tJeM IIpH COIIOCTaBJIeHHH TeIIJIhIX;

6) cJIa60e OCBe~eHHe IIOBhImaeT KOHTpaCT, CHJIhHOe - YHH"tJTomaeT;

B) IIpH COIIOCT8.BJIeHHH MeHee aaChIID;eHHhIX IJ;BeTOB (CBeTJIhIX HJIH TeMHhIX) KOHTpaCT 60JIhme, "tJeM IIpH COIIOCTaBJIeHHH 60JIee HaChIID;eHHhIX (pHc.58).

~eTOBOH KOHTpaCT IIO HaChIID;eH' HOCTH OCo6eHHO 3aMeTeH IIpH COIIOCTaB' JIeHHH axpoMaTH"tJecKHX D;BeTOB C xpoMaTH"tJecKHMH. Ha qepHOM cpoHe JII060H D;BeT IIOHHmaeT CBOIO HaChl1II;eHHOCTh, a aa 6eJIOM HJIH CBeTJIO·cePOM - no' BhImReT (pHC. 59). STOT a<M>eKT ncnOJIh3Y1QT, xorna HYmHO yCHJIHTh "tJHC' TOTY TOro HJIH HHOro D;BeTa.

PMC. 58. KOHTpacT I.I.BeTOB pa3I1M'IHOM HaC ... ~eHHOCTM

PMC. 57. ConocTaBneHMeKoHTpacToB aaaMMOAononHMTenbHblX I.I.BeTOB

PMC. 59. M3MeHeHMe Hac ... ~eHHOCTM Ha cl»OHe axpOMaTM'IeCKMX I.I.BeTOB

57

nOrpaHM'IHbiM .... BeTOBOM KOHTpaCT

Ha.rpaaane CMemHhIX (p~OM CTOHm;HX) ~BLIX TOROB rrpa YCJlOBHH, liTO WIOm;Mb perynapyromero nOJIH ,lI;OCTaTmIRO BeJIHKa no OTHomeHHIO K HH,lI;yKTHpyrom;eMY B03HHKaeT norpaHH"IHhIH KOHTpaCT (meJIThIH aa rpaHHII;e C KpaCHhIM KWKeTCH 3eJIeHOBaThIM, a B OT,lI;8.JIeHHH OT Hero STOT a4JcI>eKT OCJIa6eBaeT). IIpH H8.JIlAHH 6eJIOH HJIH lIepHoH nOJIOChI Mem,ll;Y IJ;BeTaMH norp8HlAHhIH KOHTpaCT HClIeaaeT (pHC. 60).

IIorp8HHlIHhIH KOHTpaCT xpoxaTHlIeCKHX IJ;BeTOB (norpaHHlIHhIH CBeTOBOH KOHTpacT) CBHa8H C TOH8.JIbHhIMH OTHomeHHH.MH. qacTb CBeTJIOrO, HaXO,ll;Hm;aHCH 6JIHme K TeMBOMY, 6Y,lI;eT CBeTJIee, lIeM 60JIee OT,lI;aJIeHHaH 'laCTb (pHc.61). STOT acl>cI>eKT coaaaer BnellaTJIeHHe aeposHOCTH,B03HHKaeTnPOCTP8HCTBeHHaH BH6paIJ;HH H acpcl>eKT 06'beMHOCTH. ECJIH STO BnellaTJIeHHe RemeJIaTeJIbHO H HymHo rroracars ,lI;eHCTBHe norp8HHlIHOrO KOHTpaCTa, TO ,ll;eJIaeTCH

K

)f( 6

K

K

)f( Y

PMC. 60. norpaHMotHbiA tUleTOBOA KOHTpacT

•••••

PMC. 61. nOrp8H.MotHbiA KOHTpaCT XpoM8TMoteCKMX ~BeT08

no,n;paBHHB8HHeCBeTJIOT, T.e. HaCThIxe ,lI;BYX IJ;BeTOB - TeMHhIH BhICBeTJIHeTCH JIH60 3aTeMHHeTCH CBeTJIblH.

nOcneAOBaTenbHblM u BeTOBOM KOHTpaCT

STOT BH,ll; KOHTpaCTa B03HHKaeT, xorna MhI nepeBo,n;llM B3rJIH,lI; C O,ll;HOro naeroaoro TOHa na ,ll;pyroi. IIpH STOM aa nOCJIe,ll;HeM Ha6JIIO,ll;aeTCH OTTeHOK He CBOHCTBeHHblH eMY, aTO 6y,n;eT n;BeT ,lI;OnOJIHHTeJIl>HblH TOMY, liTO .Mbl BH,ll;eJIH npem,ll;e (eCJIH. nepeBeCTH B3rJIH,ll; C apxo-xpaenoro npeaMeTa aa cepyro nOBepXHOCTb,B03- HHKaeT aeJIeHOBaThIn OTTeHOK).

58

Maaoaacsameamae naera TaKoro KOHTpaCTa He Bbl3hIBaIOT (pHC. 62).

PMC. 62. nocneAOa8TenbHbli1I IlseToBoA KOHTP8CT

Heco6c'rBeHHble Ka"leCTB8 Ll,BeT8

Co6CTBeHHhIe xaxecraa IJ;BeTa, STO re xaxec-raa, ROTOphIe eMY 06'beRTHBHO npaoyma (IJ;BeT, TOH, CBeTJIOTa, HaChIm;eHHOCTb). OT aaChIm;eHHocTH 3aBHCHT crerrens BOC~ IIpHHTHH 06'beRTa, peJIbeq,HOCTb, 06'beM H SMOIJ;HOHaJIbHhI:H HaCTpO:H KOMII03HIJ;HH. Ilpa HCIIOJIb30BaHHH CJIa60HaChIm;eHHhIx IJ;BeTOB (BhIC~ BeTJIeHHhIX HJIH 3aTeMHeHHhIX) 06'beM 6y,n;eT 'tIYBcTBoBaTbcH MeHb~ me, 'tIeM npa HCIIOJlb30BaHHH HaChI~ meamax.

Hecoecrseaasre xaxecraa IJ;BeTaM 06'beRTHBHO He npaoynra, a B03HH~ RalOT BCJIe,n;CTBHe SMOD;HOHaJIbHO:H peaRIJ;HH npa HX BocnpHHTHH. Mhl rOBopHM, 'tITO IJ;BeTa 6hIBalOT rennsre H xoaoaasre, JIerRHe H TSDKeJIhIe, rJIYXHe H 3BOHRHe, BhICTYIIaIOm;He H

A

5

A - OnnfManbHO HSCbllJ.(eHHble ~BeTS

5 - Cns60HSCblIJ.(eHHble (BblcBemeHHble) ~BeTS B - AxPOMSTH"IeCKHU BSPHSHT

r - Cns60HSCblIJ.(eHHble (asTeMHeHHble) ~BeTS .a - MOHOxpoMHoe H306p8)I(eHlIIe

OTCTYIIalOm;He, MHrRHe H jKeCTRHe. 3TH xapaRTepHCTHKH BajKHhI ,n;JIH xy,n;OjKHHRa, TaR RaJ( nocpencraox HX YCHJIHBaeTCH BhIpa3HTeJIbHOCTb H SMOIJ;HOHaJIbHaH HaCTpoeHHOCTb npoH3Be,n;eHHH.

H3MeHeHHe 06'beMHOCTH H306pajKeHHH 3aBHCHT OT HaChIW;eHHOCTH IJ;BeTa • .A:KTHBHO HaChIW;eHHhIe naera ,n;eJIaIOT H306pRjReHHe 60JIee 06'beM~ HhlM, HejKeJlH nsera cJIa60 aacsnneaHhIe HJIH aaTeMHeHHhIe. Pa36eJI H 3aTeMHeHHe He TOJIbRO CHHjKaIOT axTHBHOCTb naera, HO H OCJIa6JIHIOT D;BeTOBhIe ROHTpaCThl MejK,n;y naraaMH. Monoxposmoe H306pajKeHHe, TaR jKe RaR H HaChIW;eHHoe, CIIoco6- HO aRTHBHO IIepe,n;aTb 06'beM, npa- 6JIHjKeHHhlH R axpoMaTH'tIecKoMY BapHaHTY (pHC. 63).

B

r

PMC. 63. M3MaHaHMe o61oeMHocTM M306p8lKeHMR B 3aBMCMMOCTM OT HaCIIoIU4aHHOCTM ,-,BaTa

59

Tennble M XOnOAHble IJ,BeTa

Y CJIOBHO npHHBTO ClIHTaTb lJ:aCTH cnexrpa OT 3eJIeHOro K KpaCHOMY TenJllalMH, OT I'OJIy6oro K nypnypHOMY - XOJlOABIdMH, nypnypHhIH UBeTnpOMeXC)7To"llHhlii (pHC. 64). Tennsre H XOJIO,lUlMe KalJ:eCTBa CBB3aHhI C MO,lJ;eJIHpOBaHHeM q,OPMhI, a TaK:>Ke C TPaKTOBKOH npocTpaucTBa H D;BeTOBOH rrepcnexraaoa. Teaensre H OCBe~eHHhIe lIaCTH npe,Zl;MeTOB B mHBOllHCH sceraa CTPOHTCH aa KOHTpaCTe TenJIOrO H XOJIO,ll;HOrO (npa AHeBHOM OCBem;eHHH CBeT XOJIO,Zl;HhIH, a TeHb

TenJIM, npH aJIeKTpHlJ:eCKOM - aa- 060pOT).

Ha npaaaaxe TenJIO-XOJIO,ll;HOCTH OCHOBaHO H npOCTpaHCTBeHHoe BOCnpuHTHeD;BeTa.C03,l1;aTbBllelJ:aTJIeHHe r.rry6uHhI MomBO, HCnOJIb30BaB CBeTJIOTHyIO paCTSI:>KKy, a MO:>KHO aa ClJ:eT sepaoro pacnpeaeneaaa D;BeTOB B npoCTpaHCTBe, JIerKHe - np03palJ:HhIe, XOJIO,Zl;Hhle (Be60, ,lI;aJIb); TBmeJIbIeTeMHbIe, MaJIOHaCl>lm;eHHbIe, IIJIOTHhIe (KOpHlJ:HeBhIH, lJ:epHhIH, q,uOJIeTOBbIH aCCOD;HupyroTCB C 3eMJIeH).

3 )1(-3 )I( 0-)1( 0 K-O K K-n
toynne rennux LlseTOS
3-r c-r c I Cb-C c:t> n-Cb
rpynn« xononnu« LlseTOS
Plllc.64 LlBeTOBOM Kpyr KaK 3aMKHyrbiM cnexrp

IIepBhIM cHcTeMaTH3HpOBaJI UBera H. HbIOTOH, xorna, nponycxaa cOJlHelJ:HhlH JIylJ: xepea rpexrpanHYIO npaasry, Ha6JIIO,ZI;aJI 06pa30BaHue CneKTpaJIbHOH nOJIOCKH, COCTO.Rm;eH U3 raMMhI pa3JIHlJ:HbIX D;BeTOB. 3aMKHYB ee, OH nOJIYlIHJI xpyr H3 7 UBeTOB. Ha CThIKe xpacaoro c il>uOJIeTOBhIM nOJIYlJ:aeTCB BOCbMOH - nypnypHhlH :U;BeT (necnexrpansHhIH) (puc. 65).

60

PMC. 65. LlB81'OBOM 8-'18CTHbiM Kpyr M. HblOTOH8

nepB~eTeopMMrapMOHM~eCKMX ~BeTOBbIX CO~eTaHMM

C B03HHKHOBeHHeM CHCTeMhl nseTOBOrO rcpyra CT8.JIH nOHSJUITbCH paaJIH"t!Hble TeOpHH rapMOHH"t!eCKHX CO"t!eTaHHH D;BeTOB.

1. TeopHJI Py,a;OJIb41a A,IJ;aMca

B 1865 r. P . .A,u;aMC H306peJI xpoMaTH"t!ecKHH cnercrp, cocroamaa H3 xpyra C 24 CeKTOpaMH, H 6 ero CTeneHeH CBeTJIOThl.

2. TeopHJI AJibOepTa MeHCeJIJIa A. MeHCeJIJI orrpenezran 3 rana rapMOHH"t{eCKHX cO"t!eTaHHH:

a) O,ll;HOTOHHhIe rapMOHHH OCHOBaHhl aa O,ll;HOM D;BeTOBOM TOHe paanok CBeTJIOThI (nanpaxep, xpacasra, H3 OCHOBHoro 8-MH "t!aCTHoro D;BeTOBOro xpyra, pa36eJIeHHhIH KpacHhIH H KpacHhIH H3 aaresmeaaoro D;BeTOBOro xpyra);

6) rapMOHHH pO,ll;CTBeHHhIX nneTOB naeronoro repyra (xpacnsra H opaHmeBhIH (pHC. 66»;

B) rapMOHHH B3aHMO,ll;OnOJIHHTeJIbHblX nseroa (meJIThlH H cpHOJIe-

K

o

0+6

o

3

K

PMc.66

TOShlH, opaHmenhIH H CHHHH - pHc.67).

MHorHe TeopeTHKH D;BeTa crapaJIHCb BhIBO,ll;HTb CBOH TeopHH H CHCTeMhI aa 6a3e KaKHX-JIHOO MO,ll;eJIeH. MeHCeJIJI H300peJI D;BeTOBoe TeJIO, aa OCHOBe tcoroporo OH COCTaBHJI D;BeTOSOH aTJIaC H3 ,ll;eCHTH Ta6JIHD;.

3. KJIaCcH41HKaO;HJI O;BeTOBbIX rapMoHHH, paapatioraaaaa HeMeo;KHM 4lH3HOJIOrOM BpIOKKe:

a) H30XPOMHJI - KOMn03HIl;HJI, BhInOJIHeHHaJI B O,ll;HOM Il;BeTOBOM rrrrrHe, TOHe (aarrpasrep, aa oa3e KpaCHOro rrsera - pHC. 68);

6) XOMeOXpOMHJI - KOMn03HIl;HH B npe,ll;eJIax MaJIOrO Il;BeTOBoro HHrepsana (aanpaxep, meJIThIH, OPaHmeBhIH H meJITO-OpaHmeBhIH - pHc.69);

B) MepOXpOMHJI- KOMn03HIl;HH, rzte nnera rronxaaeasr O,ll;HOMY rJIaBHOMY (nonvcrma, xpacnoxy, TOr,ll;a 3TO OY,ll;YT opaaaceasrfi, rryprrypnsrfi H cpHOJIeTOBhIH - pHC. 70);

K

K

K+C

K+6

PMc.68

61

>K

>K-O

o

PMc.69

PMc.70

1') nOHKUJIOXpOMUa- MeTO.D; nOJIaoro .D;p06JIeH1UI IJ;BeTOBhIX Macc, 60JIhmOe paaaoofipaaae IJ;BeTa, rp;e HeT I' JIaBHOrO H see IJ;BeTa O.D;HH8.1<OBO 3Ha'lHMhI (pHC. 71). ,11;JISI nOJIh30BaHHH TaKoH rapsroaaea HymeH onsrr.

4.TeopHaEe~OJIL~a

BeIJ;oJIh,Zl; CTPOHJI TeopHH IJ;BeTOBhIX rapMoHHH B npeaenax HHTepBaJIOB IJ;BeTOBOro xpyra (pHC. 72). B 12-TH'IacTHOM xpyre IJ;BeTa OTCTOHT ,ZI;pyr OT npyra aa '1eThIpe TOHa, T.e. Mem~y HHMH .D;OJImeH 6hITh HHTepBRJI B 3 TOHa.

5. Teopua E.B. OCTBaJIL~a B.B.OcTBaJIh.D; ClIHTaJI, liTO see nsera, coztepaeanrae pBBHYIO npaxecs 6eJIoro HJIH qepHOrO, - rapMOHHlIHhI, a H3 HaChI:w;eHHhIX rapMOHHlIHhI re, xro OTCTOSIT .D;Pyr OT ~pyra xepea pasaoe KOJIH'tIeCTBO HHTepBRJIOB.

6. KJIaccucllHKa:u;uH ~eTOBIdX rapMOHUH no E.M. TennoBY:

a) O~ROTOHRaH, nOCTpOeHHa.B aa O,ll;HOM rJIaBHOM nsere HJIH rpynne 6JIH3KO pO,ll;CTBeHHLIX Il;BeTOB (aeenThIH, opaaaeeao-aeenrsra, opaaace-

62

K 3 r 0
C1> >K n C PMc.71

BhIH, - B HHX B paaasrx KOJIHlIeCTBRX npacyrcrsyer meJIThIH Il;BeT);

6) nOJI.BpHaH, nOCTpoeHHa.B aa B3aHMO,Zl;OnOJIHHTeJIhHhIX IJ;BeTRX (xpacHhIH C 3E!JIeHhIM, opaumeBhIH C CHHHM); B) Tpe~BeTHaH, nOCTpoeHHaH aa npoTHBonOCTBBJIeHHH rpex OCHOBHLIX IJ;BeTOB (meJITOrO, xpacaoro, caaero):

1') MHorO~BeTHaH, B KOTOPOH npa 60JIhmOM paaaootipaaaa Il;BeTOB HeJIh3S1 BhI.D;eJIHTh I'JIaBHOe (CJIOmHa B npHMeHeHHH).

PMc.72

r

7. TeopIIB B.M. Illyraesa Teopaa B.M. Illyraesa 6a3HpyeTCJI aa HCCJIe,n;OBaHHBX MeHCeJIJIa H Benoasna. DHa OCHOBaHa aa D;BeTOBOM xpyre, KOTOPhI({ CTPOIITCJI na 4 OCHOBHhIX nserax - meJlThIH, xpacHbIH, CHHHH, 3eJleHhIH.

ABTOP rrpeanaraer 4 sana Il;BeTOBhIX COqeTaHHH:

a) COqeTaHHe po,n;cTBeHHldx D;BeTOB (meJlThIH, opanaceao-aeennsra, opanaceasra);

6) COqeTB.HHe po,n;CTBeHHO-KOHTpaCTHIdX D;BeTOB (OT meJlTOrO zto <p1I0- JleTOBOro no cnescrpy - pHC. 73);

B) coseraaae KOIlTp3CTIIIdX (B38lIMO,n;OIlOJIllHTeJILHIdX) D;BeTOB (CHHHHOpaHmeBbIH, KpaCHhIH - 3eJleHhIii);

r) COqeT8.HHe HeHTpaJIhHhIX B OTHoweHHH poztcraa H KOHTpaCTa D;BeTOB: meJIThIH, KpaCHhIH, CHHHH (HMeIOTca B BH,n;y qHCThIe D;BeTa, 6e3 pa36eJlOB H 3aTeMHeHuH).

Illvraes BhIBBHJI 120 B03MomHhIX rapMOHHqeCKUX cOlleTaHHH ,n;JIH

o K 11

PMc.73

16-TII qaCTHOro xpyra rrpa Tpex npoMemyTOqHhIX nserax, r.e, rpex HBTepBaJIaX Memp;y rJIaBHhIMH D;BeTaMH. OH no.nar-an, xro rapMOHHH MOjKHO nOJIyqHTh, eCJIH:

1) B rapxoaapyesasrx nserax npacyrcrayer pasaoe KOJIUlIeCTBO rJIaBHhlX ll.BeTOB (aanpaxep, meJlTO-OpaHjKeBhlH H meJITO-3eJleHhlH);

2) :U;BeTa o,n;UHaKOBbI no CBeTJIOTe (r.e. B HHX rrpHCYTCTByeT pasaoe KOJlHlIeCTBO 6eJloro UJIU xepaoro narMeHTa);

3) :U;BeTa op;HHaKOBhI no HaCbI~eHHOCTH (9TO napsr B3aHMo,n;onOJIHHTeJIhHhIX :U;BeTOB, aanpasrep , OpaHjKeBhIH - CHHHH; OHU HMeIOT o,n;HHaKOBYIO CHJIY D;BeTa OTHOCHTeJIhHO p;pyr ,n;pyra).

TeopMSI rapMOHM"IeCKMX CO"leTaHMM no CMCTeMe B. K03nOBa

B OCHOBe D;BeTOBoro Kpyra H3 24 D;BeTOBhIX cexropos JlemaT 4 ocHOBHhIX D;BeTa: meJIThIH, KpacHhIH, CHHHH, 3eJIeHhIH. Mem,n;y HHMH cy~ecTByIOT rrpOMemYTOllHhle D;BeTa, reoropsre MhI BocrrpHHHMaeM KaK pe- 3YJILTaT CMemeHHB OCHOBHDIX D;BeTOB cnexrpa (puc. 74).

npUMe1f,anue. "LIacTh yxemax, aaHHMaIOIIJ;HXCH TeopueH :U;BeTa CTPOHT ll.BeTOBOH Kpyl' aa OCHOBe lIeThI-

pex D;BeTOB, MOTHBHPYH 3TO TeM, qTO CMeCL canero H jKeJlTOrO Il;BeTOB He zraer qHCTOro 3eJleHOrO D;BeTa, n03TOMY 3eJIeHhIH OHU BhlBO,n;HT B rpynny OCHOBHhIX D;BeTOB cnexrpa.

Ilpasrep C03,n;aHU.H O,n;HOTOHOBLIX rapMOHUH OCHoByrapMoHHlIecKHXCOqeTaHHH D;BeTOB COCTaBJlHeT O,n;HH D;BeTOBOH TOH, KOTOPhIH npHCyTCTByeT B KRm-

63

PMc.74

,n;OM Ha HHX H rrpnnaer HM CnOKOHHLIH, ypaBHOBemeHHLIH xapaxrep.

TIpHMep COa,n;aHHH IUleTOBbIX rapMOmrii pO~CTBellHLlX IUleTOB (pHC. 75)

K pO~CTBellHldM B ~eTOBOM xpyre OTHOC.HT ace rrpOMemYTO~HbIe, Mem.n;y ~BYM.H OCHOBHLIMH, U;BeTa, BKJIIO~aH TOJIhRO O,n;HH Ha HX 06paayroIIJ;Hx. OHH rroapaanensnorca aa xersrpe rpyrmsr: meJITO-RpaCHLIe, meJITO-aeJIeHbIe, CHHe-KpaCHbIe, CHHe-aeJIeHbIe.

rapMOHH.H pO,ll;CTBeHHbIX U;BeTOB OCHOBhlBaeTC.H na HaJIH~IlIH B HHX npasaecea O,ll;HHX H rex me rJIaBHhIX U;BeTOB, nonysaerca cpaBHHTeJIhHO cztepacaaaaa cnOROHHa.H raMMa, oeo- 6eHHo xoraa HeT aKTHBHhIX CBeTJIOTHbIX npoTHBoIIOCTaBJIeHHH.

Paccssorpax npaxep rpasaornoro C03,l1;aHH.H rapMOHHH pO,ll;CTBeHHhIX U;BeTOB: ~orryCTHM HymHo crapssoaaposars TpH pO,ll;CTBeHHLIX U;BeTa:

64

)I(

)I(

PMc.75

- llHCTLIH meJITLIH,

- opaHmeBhlH,

- opaaaceso-xpacaera.

KOJIH~eCTBO meJITOrO H opaaaeesoro B Kam,ll;OM U;BeTe paanaxao H ~To6bI ,lI;OCTH~h rapMOHHH yrcaaanHhIX U;BeTOB, He06xo,ll;HMO HX ypasHOBeCHTh CJIe,ll;YIOIIJ;HM 06paaOM:

a) paa6eJIHTh ~HCTblit meJIThIH, YMeHhmaSi B HeM KOJIH~eCTBO meJITOrO;

6) opaHmeBblH paa6eJIHTb B MeHhmeH CTeneHH, YMeHhWa.H ROJIHlleCTBO meJITOrO H xpacaoro O,ll;HOBpeMeHHO;

B) opaaaeeso-xpacasra OCTaBHTh HeHaMeHHblM.

TIpHMep C03,lJ;aHHH rapMOHHB pO,lJ;CTBeHHO-ROHTpaCTHblX ~BeTOB 3To CaMhIH 06mHpHhlH BH,lI; U;BeTOBblX CO~eTaHHH, ,lI;alOIIJ;HX 3Ha'llHTeJIbHoe KOJIH'lIeCTBO OTTeHKOB. B CHCTeMe

n;BeTOBLIX xpyros pO,ll;CTBeHHO·KOH· TpaCTHLIe :U;BeTa pacrronararorca B ,1I;BYX CMe.mHLIX ~eTBepTHX, aTO:

a) TenJlLle: .meJITO·KpaCHhIe II jIWJITO-3eJIeHLIe (pRC. 76);

6) XOJIO,ll;HLIe: CHHe-3eJIeHLIe 11 caae-xpacasre (pHC. 77);

B) TenJIlde: .meJITO-3eJIeHhIe H XOJIO,!J;Hlde: CHHe-3eJIeHhIe (CMemaHHaH rapMOHlIH - pac, 78);

r) TenJIltle: .meJITO-KpaCHhle 11 xoJIO,!J;Hlde: CHHe-KpaCHhIe (cMemaHHaH rapMOHlI.R - pHC. 79).

IIpoaHaJIR311pyeM CyTh rapMOHHH pO,1l;CTBeHHO-KOHTpaCTHhIX n;BeTOB. Paecxorpax nepsyro 113 HHX - .meJITO-KpaCHYIO 11 .meJITO-3eJIeHYIO: C 0,11;HOH CTOPOHhI, OHlI necvr npaanax pO,1l;CTBeHHOCTlI, rrOCKOJIhKy HMeeTCH 06~HH .meJIThIH :U;BeT, O,1l;HOBpeMeHHO B .meJITO-KpaCHhIX nserax npaCYTCTByeT ~lICTLIH KpaCHhIH, a B .meJITO-3eJIeHhIX - YlHCThlH 3eJIeHLIH, KOHTpaCTHLIH 11 ,1I;OnOJIHHTeJIhHhlH K KpaCHOMY, T.e. OHlI aecyr npaaaax KOHTpaCTHOCTH (aa c~eT .meJITOrO naera PO,1l;H.IITC.II, a 6JIaro-

,1I;apH HaJIlIYlHIO xpacaoro H 3eJIeHOrO KOHTpacTHPYIOT).

He see COYleTaHHSI pO,1l;CTBeHHOKOHTpacTHhIx n;BeTOB o,n;HHaKOBO rapMOHHYlHhI, 60JIee rapMOHHYlHLI :U;BeTa, xoropsre pacrroaaraicrca B n;BeTOBOM xpyre aa reonnax BepTHKaJIhHhlX 11 ropH30HTaJIhHLIX XOP,1l;. Me.m,1l;y TaKHMH naparaa cymecrnyer ,1I;BOHHaH CBH3h, OHH COCTO.RT H3 O,1l;HHaKOBoro KOJIHYleCTBa 06'l>e,!J;lIHSIromero rJIaBHOrO nnera H O,1l;HHaKOBhlX KOJIH~eCTB KOHTpacTHpYlOlIl;HX D;BeTOB. 3TO .meJITO-3eJIeHhlH H opaa.meBo-.meJIThlH, opaaaceao-rcpacasra 11 rrypnypao-xpacastti.

Paccerorpax COYleTaHHe .meJITOaeneaoro D;BeTa H3 rJIaBHOrO rpersero xpyra H opaaseesoro 113 nepaoro aaresraeanoro rcpyra: opaBmeBhlH 3aTeMHeHHhlH CO,1l;ep.mHT MeBhme YllIcroro meJITOrO :U;BeTa no cpaBHeHHIO C meJITO-3eJIeHhIM H3 rJIaBHOrO Kpyra. l.JTo6hI C03,11;aTh rapMOHHYlHOe paBHOBeClIe B co-reraesrsix nnerax, HymHo .meJITO-aeJIeHLIH pa36eJIlITh, TOr,1l;a YMeHhIIIlITC.R KOJIHqeCTBO H

PMc.76

PMc.78

PMc.77

33·627

PMc.79

65

.iKeJITOrO, H 3eJIeHOrO TOHa, O,lJ;HOBpeMeHHO. I1PH aTOM CBeTJIOTHOCTL D;BeTa YBeJIHqHTCH, eCJIH .iKe aTO He.iKeJIaTeJILHO, TO K BLICBeTJIeHHOMY Heo6xo,lJ;HMO ,lJ;06aBHTL TaKoe ace KOJIH'tIeCTBO xepaoro (pHC. 80).

B03MO.iKHLIe BapHaHTLI IIOJIy'tIeHHH rapMoHHH pO,lJ;CTBeHHO-KOHTpaCTHLIx ~eTOB, IIpH KOTOPLIX ,lJ;Ba TaKHX D;BeTa MO.iKHO o6oraTHTL ,lJ;06rumeHHeM axpoxarasecsoro D;BeTa WIH D;BeTOM reaesoro pH,IJ;a:

1) ,lJ;Ba 'tIHCTLIX pO,lJ;CTBeHHO-KOHTpaCTHLIX D;BeTa ,lI;OIIOJIHHIOTCH D;BeTaMH TeHeBoro pana O,ll;HOrO H3 coxeTaeMLIX D;BeTOB (pIIC. 81);

2) ,lI;Ba'tlHCTLIX po,lJ;CTBeHHO-KOHTpaCTHLIX D;BeTa ,lI;OIIOJIHHIOTCH D;BeTaMH H3 060HX TeHeBLIX PSl,Zl;OB (pHC. 82); 3) O,ll;HH D;BeT - 'tIHCTLIH, OCTaJILHLIe - H3 TeHeBLIX PH,lI;OB pO,ll;CTBeHHO-KOHTpaCTHLIX D;BeTOB, IIpH aTOM

)1(-3 + 6+'-1

O+l.J

PMc.80

)I(

)1(+'-1

PMc.81

)I(

CP+l.J

)I(+l.J

PMc.82

66

"tJHCTLIH OKpY.iKaeTCH D;BeTaMH Teaeaoro pH,lI;a zraaaoro D;BeTa, a OCTaJILHLIe 6ePYTCH H3 TeHeBoro pH,lI;a ,lI;pyroro Kpyra II paCIIOJIaraIOTCH B HeKOTopOM OT,lI;aJIeHHH ,lI;pyr OT ztpyra;

4) see po,n;cTBeHHO-KoHTpacTHLIe D;BeTa HJIH 3aTeMHeHHLIe, HJIH paa- 6eJIeHHLIe.

B cnyuae, xorna H3 MHOjKeCTBa OTTeHKOB rapMOHHH pO,ll;CTBeHHo-KoHTpacTHLIx D;BeTOB HymHo B3HTL JIHmL OrpaHHlIeHHOe KOJIH"tJeCTBO, IIpH HX BLI60pe MomHO IIOJIb30BaTLCH Mo,n;eJIHMH reOMeTpH"tJeCKHX qJHryp.

C03,1J;aBue ~BeTOBIdX rapMoRuii poaeraeaao-xorrrpac'rasrx ~BeTOB e IIOMO~&IO Mo,u;eJIeii reOMeTpUqeCRUX 4luryp

MO.iKHO IIOJIy-qaTL D;BeTOBLIe rapMOHHH, BIIHCLIBB..H B D;BeTOBOH xpyr reOMeTpHQeCKHe qmrYPLI: pa3JIH'tIHLIe TpeyrOJILHUKH, IIPHMOyrOJILHHKH, aanpasaep PaBHOCTOPOHHHH TpeyrOJILHHK, y KOTOPOro oaaa H3 CTOPOH IIapaJIJIeJI&Ha .ropH30HTaJILHOMY HJIH BepTHKaJILHOMY ,n;HaMeTpy. B seprrraHe, IIPOTHBOCTOHlu;eif aTOM CTopOHe, aaxonarca D;BeT, B3aHMo,u;OIIOJlHHTeJlbHhIH TOMY rJIaBHoMY, KOTOPLIM BXO,n;HT B COCTaB IIapLI poncmemtoKOHTpacTHLIx D;BeTOB. B D;BeToBoM xpyre 'tIeTLIpe TaKHX paaaocropoaHHX TpeyrOJlLHHKa (puc. 83).

Moaeao BIIHcaTL IIpHMoyroJlbHhIH rpevroasaaa: ero CTOPOHLI, ,lI;aIOID;He IIPHMOM yron, rrapaJIJIeJIbHLI ,lI;HaMeTpasr: BepTHKaJlbHOMY H ropH30HTaJIbHOMY. Tor,n;a rHnOTeHY3a coeztaHHeT rrapy B3aHMO,ll;OIIOJIHHTeJIbHhIX

c

3

o

PMC. 83. CocTaaneHMe rapMoHMH POA~ CTBeHHO~KOHTpaCTH"'X 4BeTOB C nOMO~ 1141010 paBH06eApeHHoro TpeyronbHMKa

D;BeTOB, a D;BeT B np.HMOM yrJIy 6Y,ll;eT pO,lJ;CTBeHHo~KoHTpacTHhIM no OTHOureamo K 3TOR nape. B xpyre TaKme ~eThIpe TaKHX TpeyrOJIbHHKa. Hanpmaep, rapMOHH.H meJITO-aeJIeHOrO, opaaaceao-acezrroro H cHHe-c}mOJIeTOaoro. B HeR runcreayea COe,lJ;HH.HeT napy KOHTpacTHhIx :U;BeToB: J«.eJlTOopaHiKeBhIH H CHHe-cpHOJIeTOBhIH, - a :U;BeT :meJITO-3eJleHhIH, HaxO,ll;.HID;HHC.H B npHMoM yr.ny TpeyrOJILHHRa, 6YAeT po,n;cTBeHHO-KoHTpacTHbIM nape 3TH X :U;BeTOB (pHC. 84).

BrrHChIBaeM qeTbIpexyrOJlbHBK, CTOPOHLI xoroporo napaaaensasr ABasrerpaer xpyra. 3TO MorYT 6bITL npaMoyroJlLHHK H RBa,n;paT. CTOPOHLI np.HMoyrOJlbHHKOB B aTOM cnyxae CB.H3hlBalOT ,n;BYM.H pO,lJ;CTBeHHO-IWHTpaCTHhlMH :U;BeTaMH, a no ,ll;HarOHaJlHM pacrrcnararorca B3aHMO,lJ;OnOJl-

K

PMC. 84. rapMoHMM pOACTBeHHO-KOHTpaCTHbiX 4BeTOB, nony .. eHHble C nOMO- 1141010 nptlMoyronbHoro TpeyronbHMK8

aarensasre :U;BeTa. PaCCMOTpHM rapMOHHIO meJlTO-3eJleHOrO, caae-rpaoJleTOBOro, nypnypaoro H opaaseeso.)I{eJlTOrO Il;BeToB. B ,ll;aHHOH rapMOHHH Kam,ll;a.H Ha CTOPOH rrpaxovronsaaxa CB.H3hIBaeT no qeThlpe nape pO,lJ;CTBeHao-ieoarpacrasrx D;BeToB. 3TO J«.eJITO-aeJleHLIH H meJITO-OpaHmeBbIH, meJITO-OpaHmeBhlR H nypnypasra, rryprrypnsra H cHHe-cpHOJleTOBbIH, cHHe-qmoJleToBbIH H meJlTO-aeJleHbIR. ITo ,ll;HarOHaJl.HM npaxoyronsnaxa pacnOJIaraIOTCH B3aHMO,lJ;OnOJlHHTeJIbHbIe nsera: meJlTO-OpaHmeBLIH H CHHe-cpHOJIeTOBbIH, meJlTO-3eJIeHhIH H rrypnypnsra (pHC. 85).

fapMOHH'IIeCKHe CO'lleTaHHR BaaHMO,rJ;onOJIHHTeJILHhlX D;BeTOB

,lVrH nOCTpOeHH.H aroro BH,lJ;a CO~IeTaHHH Heo6xo,lJ;HMO, BaRB HCXO,ll;HLIH

67

)1(-3 )1(-0

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)1(-3_ -. )1(-0
31' "\
I ~
J ~K
-,
C~c:t>- - n o

3

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C

K

PMC. 85. nOnY"leHMe rapMOHMM pOACTBeHHO-KOHTpaCTHbiX L\8eTOB c nOMO~blO 'feTblpexyronbHMKa

naer, no nserososry Kpyry onpezteJIHTh cooraercrayrornaa eMY B3aHMO,n;onOJIHIITeJIbHbIH. TpeTHH naer MOmeT 6bITb onpenenea U3 TeHeBoro

pazta JUo6oro 1I3 STHX D;BeTOB. HanpaMep: .meJITLIH H <pHOJleTOSLIH nJIIOC TpeTHH D;BeT, MomeT 6LITh, aaTeMHeHHLIH meJITbIH HJIH qlHOJIeTOBLIH.

ABMlKeHMe uaera B npOCTpaHCTBe (TeOpMSI B. KaHAMHCKOrO)

IIpH nOCTpoeHHH D;BeTOBLIX rapMOHHH aeotixozrasro nOMHHTb, "[{TO Kam,lJ;bIH KOHKpeTHLIH :U;BeT aa H306- pa3HTeJIhHOH nJIOCKOCTH Bcer,n;a acrynaer BO BaaHMO,1J;eit:cTBHe C OKpymalOID;HMH ero D;BeTaMH H OKaaLIaaer aa HHX onpenenenaoe BJIHHHHe; H B TO me BpeMH Kam,n;bIH naer casroCTOHTeJIeH caM no cefie H HMeeT CBOB THII ,n;BHmeHII.J{ aa nJIOCKOCTII. 3,n;eCb Heo6xo,lJ;HMO 06paTHTbCH K MOHorpa-

68

IllHH B. KaH,n;HHCKoro «.HaLIK xpaCOK., r,1J;e aBTOP HCCJle,n;YeT ,n;BHmeHHe H paBHOBeCHe Il;BeTOB aa npaxepe xeTLIpex nap Il;BeTOBLIX KOHTpaCTOB.

K8.H,n;HHCKHB C"[{HTaeT, "[{TO B mH3- HH :U;BeTOB cymecrayer ABa rarra KOHTpaCTOB: XOJlO,n; HJIH TenJIO usera OIlpenenaer ero CKJlOHHOCTh K CBeTJlOMY HJlH TeMHOMY.

PaCCMOTpHM nepsyro napy naeroBbIX KOHTpaCTOB (pRC. 86).

PMC. 86. ConocTaBneHMe ABMraTenbHoM CMnbllKenToro M CMHero uaera

1. meJIThlH H CHHHH (naa OCHOBHbIX IJ;BeTa B cacresse IJ;BeToB).

Tennora II XOJIO,ZJ; RpaCRH - 3TO ee CRJIOHHOCTb R meJITOMY HJIII CHHeMY. ,11;BHmeHHe :U;BeTOB npOHCXO,ll;HT B ropH30HTaJIbHOM HarrpaBJIeHIIII; npa TenJIOH tcpacxe - K apHTeJIIO, npa xoJlO,ll;HOH - Y,ZJ;aJIeHHe OT Hero.

,n;BHmeHHe TeIIJIoro H XOJIO,ZJ;Horo YCHJlHBaeTC.a:, eCJIH ,ZJ;o6aBHTb ROHTpaCT CBeTJIOrO H TeMHoro (pHc.87). ,ll;BHmeHHe meJITorO aospacrer C ocBeTJIeHHeM, cnaero - C 3aTeMHeHl'IeM. jKeJlTbIH naer HaCTOJIbKO T.HrOTeeT K CBeTJIOMY, YlTO sooome He MomeT 6bITb OYleHb TeMHbIM, CHHl'IH me, Ha060pOT, MomeT nOJIyqHTb TaRYJO rJIy6HHY, YlTO 6Y,ZJ;eT rpaHl'IYIHTb C YlepHhlM. 3TO rrepBhlH THn ,ZJ;BHmeHHH TeIIJIoro II XOJIo,ZJ;Hom, HO cymecrayer erne l'I ,ZJ;Bl'ImeHHe aroporo pana.

Paccaorpax zma xpyra O,l{HHaROBOH BeJIH'tIHHhl: CHHHH H meJIThlH.

PMC. 87 ..... 3MeHeHMe ABMraTenbHoM CMnbl c A06aaneHMeM useroeore ICOHTpaCTa

meJIThlH xpyr, H3JIyqaIOID;HH, npao6peTaeT ,Il;BHmeHHe OT nerrrpa II noYlTH BHAHMO npH6JIHmaeTc.a: K YleJIOBeKY - 3Kc:u;eHTpH'tIeCKOe ,ZJ;BHmeHHe (OT nearpa). CHHHH xpyr noayxaer KOHIJ;eHTpII'tleCKOe ABHmeHHe, KaK 6hl 3allOJI3aeT BHYTPb II Y.ll;arr.a:eTC.H OT 'tIeJIOBeKa. ECJIH K meJIToMY A06aBHTb CHHIIH, c,ZJ;eJIaB ero 60JIee XOJIOAHhlM, no.a:BJI.!IeTC.a: 3eJIeHOBaTbIH oTTeHoK, H o6a ,Il;BllmeHH.a: - ropH30HTaJIbHoe II 3KCIJ;eHTpH'tIeCKOe - cpa3Y 3aMe,lJ;JIHIOTC.H, CHHHH KaR 6hl TOPM03HT ABHmeHlle meJITOrO, a npa ,D;aJIbHeHmeM ,n;06aBJIeHHH ero 3TH npOTHBOnOJIOmasre ,Il;BHmeHHH YHH'tITO:>KaIOTCH II BoaHHKaeT nonaas He,n;BHmHMOCTbaeJIeHhlH IJ;BeT (pac. 88).

To me npoacxoaar H C 6eJIbIM, eCJlH B Hero ,n;06aBHTb 'tIepHhlH - BoaHHKaeT cepsra IJ;BeT - no TOHY 6JIllaKO CTOHID;l'IH K aeJIeHOMY, HO B seneHOM eCTb B03MomHOCTb mH3HH,

PMC. 88. CxeM8 B03HMKHOBeHMR 3eneHoro uaera

69

080080

ROTOPOH HeT B CepOM, TaK KaR OH COCTOHT H3 KpaCOK, He HMelOIIl;HX axTHBHOH ,u;BH~YIIl;eH CHJILI.

2. rOBOp.H 0 :U;BeTOBLlX KOHTpacTax, He06xo,l{HMO paCCMOTpeTh ew;e O,n;HH HX BH,u; - KOHTpaCT CBeTJIOrO H TeMHoro.

BeJILlH ,n;eHcTByeT aa 3pHTeJI.H KaK • BeJIHKOe 6e3MOJIBHe., HO nOJIHOe B03MomHOCTeH. qepHLlH :U;BeT 3BYqHT KaK HeqTO, JIHIIIeHHOe B03Momaocrea, naeume - 6e33ByqHaH Kpacrca, aa <pOHe KOTOPOH BC.HRa.H ,u;pyraR, zraxce MaJI03ByqHaR, CTaHOBHTCR CHJIhHee, aKTHBHee, 1IeM OHa ecrs aa caMOM ,u;eJIe. Ha <pOHe me 6eJIoro ,n;pyrae KpaCKH YTpa1lHBalOT qHCTOTY 3ByqaHHH. Paaaosecae Mem,n;y ROHTpaCTHhIMH 6eJIhIM H qepHhIM ,ZJ;OCTHraerca MeXaHHqeCKHM CMeIIIeHHeM, xoraa ofipaaye-rca cepsra :U;BeT, 6e3- 3ByqHhIH, Heno,n;BHmHhIH, HO nOJIHbIH B03MO~HOCTeH. TIO,n;06HhIH cePhIH B03HHKaeT H npa CMeIIIeHHH xpacaoro Ii 3eJIeHOrO - rraCCHBHOCTH H,ZJ;eRTeJIhHOCTH (pRC. 89).

3. KOHTpacT rcpacaoro H eeneaoro. KpacHhIH - :U;BeT BHYTpeHHero KHrreHHH, ,l{JIH Hero xapaxrepao ,n;BHaeenae BHyTpH cetia, OH He CTpeMRTCH HH Hapy~y, HH BHYTPh ce6.H caMoro, HH K 3pHTeJIlO, HH OT Hero.

70

PMc.89

H,u;eaJIhHbIH KpaCHhIH MomeT nonaeprarsca 60JIhWHM H3MeHeHRRM, TaK KaK 8TO »<HBaJI 6ecrrOKOHHaR xpacrca, coaaaromaa Bne1laTJIeHHe :u;eJIeYCTpeMJIeHBOH MOru;H. Cpe,ZJ;HHH TenJIhIH KpaCHhIH HMeeT CXO,n;CTBO co cpe,ZJ;HeTeMHhIM, omvmeane CHJIhI, 8HeprHH,YCTpeMJIeHHOcTH,P8,l{OCTH •

3eJIeHbIH - ,n;YXOBHO norameHHhIH :U;BeT, :ncc:u;eHTpHqeCKOe H KOB:u;eHTpH'tIeCKOe ,n;BH»<eHHe B HeM OTCyTCTByeT. no reopaa KaH,n;HHCKoro, a6COJIlOTHhIH 3eJIeHhIH - HaH60JIee cnOKOHHbIH, HHKy,n;a He ,n;BHmeTCJI, «He HMeeT rrpH3BYKOB nesana, HHxero He Tpe6yeT H HHKy,n;a He 30BeT ••

OH CqHTaJI. qTO naCCHBHOCThCBOHCTBO 3eJIeHOrO, 8TO OCHOBHa.H JIeTH.H.H xpacxa, KOr,ll;a rrpapoaa npeono.nezra BeCBY - BpeMH 6YPH H HaTHCRa - H norpysanacs B casco,n;OBOJIhHhIH nOKoH. ECJIH paCCMaTpHBaTh aeJIeHhIH. KaK npOH3BO,l{HhIH OT CMemeHH.H canero H meJITOrO, TO 06e naphI ,n;BHmeHHH - 8Kc:u;eHTpHqeCxoe H KOH:u;eHTpHqeCKOe B3aHMHO YBHtlTOmaIOTCJI, pa3BHBaeTCJI HH,lJ;HBH,u;YaJIhHOe paaeHCTBO H nOKoR. OnHaKO npa MaJIeHmeM nepesece roro HJlH aaoro npoaasoztamero :U;BeTa 3eJ1eHbIH rronyxaer npHBKYC OCTPOThI H repaer CBOIO naccaaaoers (pHC. 90).

Tlpa nepexo,n;e ~e B CBeTJIoe H TeMHoe aeJIeHbIH COXpaH.HeT nepsoaalJ:aJILHbIH xapaxrep paaaonynraa H IIOKOJ!.

4. KOHTpacT opaaxcenoro II 4>110- JIeTOBOro D;BeTOB; xoropsre B03BHKJIH 113 nepaoro KOHTpaCTa, opaameBLIH - H3 aKTHBHoro :3JIeMeHTa meJITOrO B KpaCHOM.

«l>HOJIeTOBLIH - H3 IIaCCHBHoro 9JIeMeHTa cnaero B KpaCHOM. OPaHmeBLIH - TelIJIbIH KpaCHbIH, YCHJIeHHbIH meJITbIM, BHYTJ)eHHee )l;BllmeHlle xpacaoro aaxaaaer CTaHOBHTLCJI ,n;BHmeBHeM H:3JI}"IeHHJI; H3JIH.HHHH B oxpyacaromee, T.e. npa BHYTpeHHeM KUIIeHHH ecrs 9JIeMeHT aKTHBHOCTH. B cpHOJIeTOBOM - nJIaMeHeIO~HH KpaCHhlH: raCUTCH XOJIO,ltOM caaero H poacnaerca npH,n;aBJIeHHOe 3B}"IaHHe - MOJITJ:aHHe. ECJIH opemeBbIH nO.HBJI.ReTC.H nYTeM npH6J1HmeHUH xpacaoro K TJ:eJIOBeKY, TO 4>HOJIeTOBbIH, HMeIOID;HH CKJlOHHOCTL y,n;8JI.HTLCH OT TJ:eJIOBeKa; B03HHKaeT B peaYJILTaTe BLITeCHeHH.H xpacnoro CHHMM. Ho xpacasra, JIemam;HH: B ocHOBe cpIIOJleTOBOro, ,n;OJl)l(.eH 6bITL xoJlO)l;HbIM. liTaK, 4>HOJleTOBbIH - 3TO oXJIam,n;eHHhIH KpacHhIH D;BeT.

PMc.90

OpaHmeBhIH H cpHOJIeTOBbIH, BoaHHKaIOm;ue CMemeHHeM xpacaoro C meJITLIM H caaero C KpaCHLIM, HBJIHIOTCH D;BeTaMIi MaJI0YCTOUTJ:HBOro paBHOBeCH.H; IIpH CMemeBIIII KpaCOK Ha6JIIO,ltaeTC.H HX CKJIOHHOCTb YTpaTJ:HBaTb paBHOBeCRe, TaR KaK HeB03l\WmHO npOBeCTH pe3KYIO rpaHHD;y Me~)l;y cpUOJIeTOBhIM II JIHJIOBhlM, Mem,n;y opaHmeBbIM H naJIeBLIM. 06a 9TH naera, COCTaBJlHIOm;He n.HThIH KOHTpaCT, aaxo,n;HTC.H no OTHomeHHIO ,lI;pyr R )l;pyry B TaKOM .)I(e nOJlO.)l(eHHII. RaK naera TpeTLero ROHTpaCTa (RpaCHhIH II 3eJleHbIH), T.e. HBJIHIOTC.H ,ll;onOJlHHTeJlbHLIMH (pRC. 91).

AHaJIH3 BOCnpHBTH.JI H30t>pazeRRH COrJIaCHO ~eTOBOMY paCKJI&,lI;y l-u eapuaum,

,1l;8JIbHHH meJITbIH naan HaB.H3lJ:HBO BbIXO,ll;HT nnepea B CHJIY tUtTHBHOCTH meJITOrO nsera II THHeT aa C060H 3eJIeHbIH naccRBHhIH user. KpacHhIH TpeyrOJlI>HIIK aa BTOPOM IIJIaHe BOCIIpHHHMaeTC.H HMeHHO TaR, KaK OH H306pa~eH. HH.)I(HHH nJIOCKOCTh 3pHTeJIhHO y,ll;aJI.HeTC.H R scrvnaer B aKTHBHbIH KOHCPJIHKT H3-3a nOJI.JIp-

PMc.91

71

A

5

HoeTH ,ZJ;ByX U;BeTOB, meJITOrO H CHHero (pHC. 92, A).

z-u eapuaum,

meJITLIH KBa,ZJ;paT aa IIepe,ZJ;HeM nnane aRTHBeH, TaR me KaK H Rpyr, KOTOPhIH TSlHeT aa C060H KpaCHbIH 3a,ZJ;HHK zraasnero IIJIaHa, a TOT, B CBOIO onepeas, aRTHBHO BbIXO,lJ;HT anepezr, IIO,lJ;'tIHHH$lCh Rpyry. CHHHH TpeyrOJIhHHR na BTOPOM IIJIaHe yztaJIHeTCH, aeaeaaa HH:JKHHH nJIOCROCTb HaxO,ZJ;HTCH B naCCHBHOM COCTOHHHH, 6JIaro,n;apH HeHTpaJIhHOCTH 3eJIeHOrO naera (pRC. 92, B).

3-u eapuaum.

meJITaH HR:JKHHH nJIOCKOCTh axTHBHO BblXO,lJ;HT snepen, «nepetiaBaH. nepeaaae nJIaHhI. KpaCHblM xaaztpar BocnpHHHMaeTCH BTOphIM IIJIaHOM H IIo,n;THrHBaeT sa C060H RpacHbIH rcpyr aa ,D;aJIbHeM IIJIaHe, TaR KaK KOHTpaCTHhIH eMY CHHHH aa,lJ;HRR RaJ{ 6hI OTTaJIlUIBaeT ero. Bropoit - 3eJIeHhlH nJIaH - HeHTpaJIeH (pRC. 92, B).

4-u eapuaum.

JiCeJITbIH TpeyrOJIbHRK co aroporo IIJIaHaaRTHBHOBblXO,lJ;HTBIIepe,lJ;.3TY CHTyau;RIO ycyry6JI.HeT CHHRM KBa,lJ;par, TaR KaK OH CTapaeTCH y,ZJ;aJIHTb-

72

B

PMc.92

CH OT 3pI:ITeJI.H H npR6JIR3HTbC.H K CHHeMY Rpyry aa 3a,z(HHKe, ROTOPblH H3-3a 3eJIeHOrO U;BeTa arpaer naCCHBHyIO POJIh B KOMn03HD;HH. KpaCH3H HH:JKHHH IIJIOCROCTb ,ZJ;BHmeTC5I BCJIe,lJ; aa TpeyrOJIhHHKOM (pHC. 92, T').

, Pacnpeaeaenae ~BeTOB, nOAAepZKBalOm;ee RJlaBOBOCTJ. Jl306pameBKJI

Bo acex xersrpex CJIy-qa.HX D;BeT HCnOJIb3yeTcJI ,D;JIH IIO,D;,D;epmaHHH IIJIOCROCTHoro H306pa:JKeHHll. ITHTHa pacnpe)J.eJIHIOTCH T8KHM otipasosr, 'tIT06b1 H306pameHHe C'tIHThIBaJIOCh B npezte.nax cpenaero IIJIaH3. HeT rJIy61:1HHhlx XO,ZJ;OB D;BeTo-Bo3.u;YUIHOH nepcnexraasr, nee IIPOCTPaHCTBO KaK 6bl C:JKHMaeTCH Me:JK.u;y ROHTpaCTaMH nepenaero H aazraero IIJIaHOB (pHC. 93).

npOCTpaHCTBeBHLIe cBoiicTBa D;BeTa, OCHOBaHHble na TenJIO-XOJIO,lJ;HOCTK

CRHHH lJ,BeT BbI3LIBaeT IIpH O,lJ;HHaKOBLIX YCJIOBHHX omymeaae 6oJIl,meH y.u;8JIeHHOCTH, HemeJrn KpacHhIH. ECJIH aa O,lJ;HHaKOBOM paCCTOHHHH OT Ha6mo,n;aTeJIH IIOMeCTHTh PH,lJ;OM ,lJ;Ba renanpara, O,ZJ;HH 1:13 ROTOPhIX oxpa-

men B CHHH:U, a ,n;pyroH KpaCHhIH D;BeT, TO nepBhlH aa HHX 6y,n;eT BOCnpHHHMaTLCSI KaK paononoaeeaasrk ztansme, a BTOPOH - 6JIH.me, aTO H CJIymHT OCHOBOH ,u;JIH pa3,n;eJIeHHSI D;BeTOB aa «BhlcTynalOID;He» H «OTcryrraromae». Tpa,ll;HD;1I0HHa.H TOliKa apeHHSI na aTOT nCHXOJIOrHlIeCKHH <»eHOMeH 06'bSICHHeT TaK)Ke aCCOD;HaTHBHhIM nYTeM, C YlIeTOM roro, liTO ,n;aJILHHe npe,n;MeThl scerzta KaK 6hl OKYTaHhl CHHeBoH. Jlpocrpaacraeansre CBOHCTBa rrsera 6hlJIH 3aMe~eHhl y.me xy.u;O)KHHKaMH anOXH Boapoacaeaaa, xoropsre, KaK npaBHJIO, nepenaaa nzraa 11306pamaJIH B TenJlO-KOpH~HeBhlX TOHax, cpe,n;HHHB HeHTpaJILHO-aeJIeHLIX H ,lJ,8.JIee B rOJIy6hlx (pHC. 94).

HopMaTHBHaa: TeOpHJI rapMoHHqeCRHX COlieTaHHH D;BeTOBLlX TOHOB (MO,ll;eJIL TpeyrOJlLHHRa)

Y HCCJIe,n;oBaTeJIeH B.M. Illyraeaa H B.H. K03JIOBa B OCHOBe D;BeTOBhlX COlleTaHHH JIe.mHT xpyr, BKJIIOlialOID;HH xersrpe rJIaBHhlX D;BeTa. A ace onacaaasre reopaa D;BeTOBLIX coxe-

c

3

PMc.93

TaHH:U 6a3HPYIOTCH aa reoxerpaxecKO:U MO,ll;eJIH xpyra C pa3J1HlIHLIM KOJIHlIeCTBOM HHTepBaJIOB Mem,n;y ocHOBHLIMH nBeTaMH. B peaYJILTaTe HOBeHIllHx HCCJIe,n;oBaHHH CHCTeMaTHKa Il;BeTOB H3MeHHJIaCb H naruna GOJIee TOliHoe BhlpameHHe B rpeyrOJIbHHKe, B sepmaaax xoroporo pacnonoseensr OCHOBHhle nsera: meJITLIH, KpacHLIH, CHHHH. PaccsrarpaBaeTCSI HopMaTHBHaSI TeopHSI rrpH HCrrOJIb30BaHHH reOMeTpHlIeCKoro o6paaa MHomeCTBa II;BeTOB B BH,lJ,e rpeyrOJIbHHKa, B OCHOBe xoroporo neacar nepBHt:IHLIe D;BeTa, CMelllHBaSI HX, MO.mHO rrOJlYlIHTb BTopHlIHLIe - opaaaceasra, 3eJIeHLIH, <»HOJIeTOBLIH. CMemHBaHHe BTOPH'tIHblX MOJKHO rrpo,n;OJImHTb II rorna B03HHKHYT npoMemYTOllHhle D;BeTa. B pe3YJIbTaTe H3- MeHeHHSI reOMeTpH'tIeCKOH Mo,n;eJIH CHCTeMhl D;BeTOB, H3MeHHlOTCSI H naera, COCTaBJISIIOID;He D;BeTOBhIe rapsroHHH, rrpoacxozrar HeKOTOphlH: c,n;BHr B HX pa3MeID;eHHH, H,n;eT yseJIH'tIeHHe rpynn OTTeHKOB aeJIeHOrO 11 YMeHbnrea ae rpyrrn OTTeHKOB CHHero (pRc.95).

PMc.94.npoCTpaHCTBeHHwe CBOMCTBa 14BeTa

73

I'pynny O,ll;HOTOHOBIdX D;BeTOBhIX CO'tleTaBHH MbI paCCMaTpHBaTL He 6y,ll;eM B CHJIy npOCTOTbI H .s:CHOCTH naaHOH rapMOHHH.

rpytDIW rapMOlllAeCKHX eoxeraBD pop;CTBeIlllLlX ~eTOB

fuy rapMOHHlO MomHO nO.nyqHTL, coxeraa D;BeTa, pacncaoaceaasre no croPOH8M TPeyroJIbHHKa II aaxonamaeca B HHTePBaJIe MeJK,ll;Y OCHOBHLIMH II npDMeJKyro'tIHbIMH D;BeTaMH, ORB nonpa3,ll;eJUIIOTC.s: aa 6 rpynn (pHC. 96):

a) JKeJlTO-OpaHJKeBLIe; 6) xpacao-opaaaeessre:

B) xpecao-rpaoaeroasae; r) CIIHe-«pHOJIeTOBhle;

.n;) CIIHe-3eJleHhIe;

e) meJITO-aeJleHhle.

rpynnld rapMOHUqeCKHX coxeTaBUK po.n;cTBeRBO-KOBTpaCTBWx ~BeTOB

I'pynnsr rapMOHH'leCKHX coseraHHH po,n;CTBeHHO-KOHTP8.CTHhlX D;BeTOB MomBO nOJIyqHTL, coxeraa D;BeTa, pacnOJIDmeHHhle B DOJIOBHHe rpeyronsBHKa, paaneneaaoro 6HcceKTpHCOH, TaR KaR B I(OBD;e 6HcceKTpHChI JIe.mHT nser, rrpoMe.mYTO~IIOMO,ll;eJJ.H TpeyroJILHHKa H B38HMO,ll;OIIOJIHHTeJILHhIii K OCHOBHOMY, H8Xo.n;x~eMYc.s: B aepWHHe TpeyroJILHHKa (PHC. 97).

a) :meJlThlH-«pHOJIeTOBhlH, xpacHhIH, OpaHmeBhlH H npoMe.myTO'tlHhle;

6) aceJlThlH-«pHOJIeTOBhIH, CHHHH, aeJIeHhIH II rrpOMe:>KYTO'tlHLIe;

B) CHHH:H:-OpaH.meBhIH, xpacHhIH, «pHOJIeTOBhI:H: H npossemYTOQHhle;

74

K

3

c

P .. c.95
I I~~I II I~I I
)K 0 C ¢l

I K I K-O I 0 II c I r I 3 I

I K I ct> I n II )K I ~-31 3 I
PMc.96 PMc.98

)K

hA~rnrnrn

PMc.97

r) CHHHH~OpaHmeBhlH, )KeJIThIH, 3eJIeHhIH H IIpoMemyTo~Hhle; ,lJ;) I<paCHLIH-aeJIeHLIH, meJITLIH, OpaHmeBhlH H IIpOMemYTO~Hhle;

e) KpaCHhlH-aeJIeHhlH, CHHHH, <pHOJIeTOBhIH H IIpOMemYTo~HhIe.

K co~eTaHH.HM pO,lJ;cTBeHHo-KoHrpacr asrx IJ;BeTOB TaKme MomHO OTHeCTH coxeraaaa rpex D;BeToB: 0,lJ;aoro OCHOBHoro H zmyx nposseaeyrovHhIX, paCIIOJIOmeHHhlx OT aepmmna 110 ,lJ;ByM c'ropoaasr TpeyrOJIhHHKa. TIo OTHomeH1HO K OCHOBHOMY 3TH IIpOMemYTO~HbIe IJ;BeTa .HBJI.HIOTC.H pO,lJ;CTBeHHhlMH. !:lTO CJIe,lJ;YIOID;He TPHa,lJ;hI IJ;BeTOB:

a) meJITbIH, 3eJIeHhlH, opa:a.meBhIH;

6) KpacHbIH, opaHmeBhlH, <pHoJIeTOBhlH;

B) CHHHH, 3eJIeHhlH, <pROJIeTOBhlH. 3TH TPHMhI po,u;cTBeHHO-KOHTpaCTHhlX IJ;BeTOB BXO,lJ;.HT KaK cocTaBHOH 3JIeMeHT B rrepenacaeaasre 6 rpYIIII H MoryT Ha3hIBaThC.H JIRmh noarpynDaMH (pHC. 98).

PMc.99

rpYDDId rapMOHH~eCKHX eoxeTaHHH B3aHMOAOnOJIHHTeJILHldX IJ;neTOB

MomHO IIOJI~RTh, IIpOBe,u;.H 6HcceKTpHChI H3 acex yrJIOB rpevroasHHKa. Ha ROHIJ;RX 6HcceKTpRc JIemaT naera, B3aHMO,lJ;OIIOJIHHTeJILHLIe K ocHOBHhlM, paCIIOJIOmeHHhlM B sepmaaax TpeyrOJIhHHKa (pRC. 99):

a) meJIThlH-<pROJIeTOBhlH; 6) KpaCHhIH~3eJIeHhlH;

B) CHHHH~OpaH)KeBhlH.

rpynDId rapMOHlAeCKHX eoxeraHHH HeHTpaJIltBIdX B OTHomeHHH pO,lJ;CTBa H KOHTpaCTa n;BeTOB

!:lTO ~HCThIe OCHOBHhIe IJ;BeTa, JIemaID;He B OCHOBe TpeyrOJIbHHKameJITbIH, KpaCHhlH, CRHHH. B03MomHhI CJIe,lJ;YIOID;Re useroasre rpynrna (pRc.100):

a) )KeJITbIH~KpacHhlH; 6) meJITbIH-CHHIIH;

B) KpaCHbIH~CHHHH;

r) )KeJIThlH~KpaCHhIH-CIIHHH.

75

PMc.100

HeHTpaJlbHOH B OTHOmeHlHI poztCTBa H KOHTpaCTa KOJIOpHCTHqeCKaH rapMOHHH MO:lKeT 6bITb JIHIIIb B TOM cnynae, eCJIH HCrrOJIb3YlOTCH qHCThIe D;BeTa, 6e3 rrpaxeca OTTeHKOB 6eJIoro H xepaoro.

,ll;aHHaH TeOpHH COqeTaHHH D;BeTOB BKJIIOqaeT 19 B03MO:lKHhIX rpynn rapMoHHH. 06:r:u;ee KOJIHqeCTBO B03- MO:lKHhIX rapMOHHqeCKHX D;BeTOBblX COqeTaHHH 3aBHCHT OT qHCJIa HHTepBaJlOB - T.e. KOJIHqeCTBa npoMemyTOqHbIX TOHOB, HCnOJIb30BaHHH D;BeTOBhIX OTTeHKOB.

B 3aBepIIIeHHe cnenyer OTMeTHTb 4 rana crrexrpos D;BeTOB, yqacTByrom;HX B COCTaBJIeHHH D;BeTOBhIX rapsaoHHH (xoropsre MomHO H pacnmpars):

1) HPKHH cnexrp HaChI:r:u;eHHhIX D;BeTOB;

2) cnercrp pa36eJIOB, apKHX D;BeTOB;

3) cnercrp HpKHX D;BeTOB, 3aMYTHeHHbIX HeHTpaJIbHblM cephIM;

4) cnexrp HpKHX D;BeTOB, aaMYTHeHHhIX qepHblM.

npuMe"aKue. llPOTHBOcToHID;He ztpyr ,n;pyry B Mo,n;eJIH KOHTpacTHhIe D;BeTa ypaBHHBalOT ,n;pyl' ,n;pyra CHJIOH KOHTpaCTHOCTH H npa CMeIIIHBaHHH ,n;aIOT cephIH D;BeT, HO y acex nap OH 6y,n;eT OTJIHqaTbCH OT HeHTpaJIbHOrO, HMeTb paaasre OTTeHKH C rrpe06JIa,n;aHHeM Toro D;BeTOBoro TOHa, KOTOPhIH 6hIJI B BaJlepHOM OTHomeHHH TeMHee (3aKoH EJIa: aarrpasrep, npn CMemeHHH OpaH:lKeBOro C CHHHM 6Y,!J;eT OTTeHOK cnaero D;BeTa, cpHOJIeTOBOro C meJIThIMcpHOJIeTOBhIH, pHC. 101).

I I lee:-II I "-0 1"1+1 )I(
)I( Cll r

I I leerll I ~-31 ::31
C 0 n

I K I 3 I "-311 ~-O I C-$I~~I
C c-e Cll n K

PMc.101
76 M3MeHeHMe C06CTBeHHOrO usera

~ecTBYJOT TpH COCTO.lIHH.H, IIpH KOTOphIX MeH.lIeTC.H cOOcTBeHHhilllUleT: 1) IIpOTHB CBeTa, xorna OneTJIHBO qHTaeTC.H CIDIY3T rrpeaxeroa H B03HHKaIOT Il;BeTOBbIe OpeOJIbI IIO HX KpaHM; 2) CKOJIh3.Hru;ee OCBem;eHHe, xor,ll;a .HCHO qYBCTByeTC.lI peJIhe$HocTh $OpMhI IIpe,n;MeTOB;

3) paCCe.HHHOe ocsemeaae, xorna 60JIee TOqHO BH,n;HbI OqepTaHH.H D;BeTOBbIX nHTeH npezoreros.

Paccxorpax nozrpotiaee Kam,n;ylO H3 cHTyan;HH.

1) COCTO.HHHe npOTHB CBeTa (,n;OCTHraeTCJI HaH,n;eHHbIM D;BeTOBhlM OTHOlIIeHHeM cWIySTa rrpenxeros K <l>OHY).

CBeTa KaK TaKOBOrO B mHBOIIHCH He cvmecrsver, H IIOIIhlTKH ,ll;06HThC.lI HJIJIlO3HH ero HH K qeMY He IIPHBO,n;.HT. Onrymeaae CBeTa B mHBonHCH ,n;OCTHraeTC.H He BaJIepHhlMH KOHTpaCTaMH, a n;BeTOBhlMH. U;BeTOBhle opeOJIbI soxpyr IIpe,ll;MeTOB 6hlBaIOT KOHTpaCTHbIMH no OTHOlIIeHHIO K CIDIY3TY H K <l>OHY H yCHJIHBaIOT HX 3ByqaHHe.

BbInOJIH.H.H pa60TY B ,n;aHHOH CBeTOBOH CHTYaIl;HH, cnezryer 06paTHTh BHHMaHHe He TOJIhKO aa <l>0PMY CHJIY3Ta, HO H aa $OPMY npoMemYTKOB. Pa6oTaTh Hy:>KHO Ha,ll; oKpymeHHeM, H TOJIhKO B IIOCJIe,n;HHH MOMeHT 6paThC.H aa caa CHJIy9T, KOTOPhIH IIOpa3HJI sac 60JIhme scero; OH B03HHKaeT KaK pe- 3YJIhTaT pa60TbI HAA em OKPY:>KeHHeM.

2) CKOJIh3.H~HH traer (caepxy, CHH3Y, C60KY).

TIPH ,n;aHHOM COCTO.HHHH OCBew;eHHOCTH CPOPMhI peJIhecpHhl, B IDIJII030PHOH mHBOIIHCH 3TOT pensedi JIeIIHTC,fl

CBeTOTeHhlO, B mHBonHCH - n;BeTOM, TaR KaK BCHKHH IIOBOPOT CPOPMhI - ecrs H3MeHeHHe nsera,

Hanpasrep, npa H306pameHHH rOJIOBbI B «l>ac B aKa,n;eMHqeCKOH mHBOIIHCH D;BeT He yqaCTByeT B nOCTpoenaa pezrserpa, yxoaamae qaCTH mere IIPOCTO 3aTeMHHlOTCH, JIeII.HTC.H BaJIepHhIMH rpa,u;aD;H.HMH, a He n;BeTOM.

IIpH mHBonHCHOM pelIIeHHH pense«l>a H306pameHHe 06'heMa asrpaaeaeTC.H TOJIhKO qepe3 KOHTpaCTHbIH nser, CHJIa KOHTpaCTHOCTH COOTBeTcTByeT TOMY, non KaKHM yrJIOM K CPPOHTaJIhHOH lIaCTH JIHn;a aaxomrrC.H yxonanraa IIJIOCKOCTh. ,Il;JI.H IIPHMepa MomHO 06paTHThC.H K mHBOTIHCH IT. Ce3aHHa, y xoroporo JIeIIKa 06'heMa D;BeTOM ,n;OBe,n;eHa ,n;o BeJIHlIaHllleHIIOCJIe,n;OBaTeJIhHOCTH.

IIpoaH8JIH3HpyeM, KaKHM 06pa30M rrser Mo,n;eJIHpyeT «l>0PMY. B ,n;aHHOH CHTYau;HH .HBJIeHHe IIOCJIe,n;OBaTeJIhHOro KOHTpaCTa TOllHO YKa3bIBaeT xy,n;omHHKy HCKOMhIH KOHTpaCTHhIH rrse'r, IIPOTHBOCTO.Hm;HH ,n;aHHOMY B D;BeTOBOM xpyre IIO,n; yrJIOM 180·. TaK qTO eCJIH HymHo IIOCTPOHTh n;BeTOM onrymenae npaxoro yrJIa KaKorO-TO 06'heMa, TO 3TOT nser Mhl 6y,n;eM HCKaTh B KpaCOllHOM pazry IIO,u; yrJlOM 90·. Orcrona BhITeKaeT, liTO MomHO COCTaBHTh Ta6JIHD;y KOHTpaCTHbIX n;BeTOB, paCIIOJIO:>KeHHhIX IIO,n; JIIO- 6hIM yrJIOM. ECJIH YCTaHOBHTh yroa HaKJIOHa IIJIOCKOCTH H306pamaeMOro 06'heKTa, MomHO HaiiTH COOTBeTCTBYlOID;HH yron xpacoxaoro cnexr-

77

pa R TaKRM 06pa30M onpenezrarx D;BeTOBOe asrpaaceane ,n;BHmeHHSI STOH nJIOCKOCTH B rJIy6HHY.

3) Ilocrpoeaae II,BeTOBOro R306pameHH.H npa pacceaaaosr OCBem;eHHH.

B aTOM CJI~ae co6CTBeHHhlH: II,BeT npenxera npencraanaerca B HaROO.nee .HPKOM asrpasceaaa, TaR KaK HeT YCJIOjKHeHR.H pacno.noaceaaesr ero rro OTHOIIIeHHIO K HCTOtIHHKy CBeTa. Ho TaR HR31>lBaeMhIH JIOK8.JIhHbIH II,BeT, BbIPBaHHbIH H3 KOMrr03HII,HH, cymecrnyer JIHIIIb a6CTpaKTHO. D;BeT me B

rrpOCTpaHCTBeHHOH cpe,n;e - 3TO CJIOmHOe SlBJIeHHe, ieoropoe B6HpaeT B ce6H onpeneneaasre B03,n;eHCTBHH STOH cpezrsr (peqmeKchI, HBJIeHHSI nocJIe,n;OBaTeJIhHOrO R npaseoro KOHTpacTa). KaR TOJIhKO K8.KOH-TO ROHKpeTHbIH II,BeT BRJIIOqaeTC.H B cpe,n;y, OH cpaay scrvnaer BO B3aHMo,n;eHCTBHe C oRpymaIOIII,HMH II,BeTaMH, T.e. npa- 06peTaeTOTHOCHTeJIbHOe3HatIeHHe,H tIeM CHJIhHee STR OTHOCHTeJIhHOCTL, TeM sepnee IIOJIOjReHHe aroro :U;BeTa B KOJIOpHCTHtIeCKOH ROMII03HD;HH.

u,BeTOBaSi CHCTeMa M. MaTIOWHHa

3aKOHOMepHOCTL H3MeHaeMOCTH U;BeTOBhlX COlleTaHHH

ECJIH II,BeTOBhIe CHCTeMbI OCTB8.JIL,n;a Hero nOCJIe,n;OBaTeJIeH OCHOBaHhI aa CHCTeMaTH3aIl;HH II,BeTOB, MaTeMaTH'tIeCKlf BhItIHCJIeHHbIX na II,BeTOBOM xpyre, COtIeTaHHH D;BeTOB nonyxaJIHCb MeXaHHqeCKHM rrYTeM, TO TO'tlKOH OTCtIeTa B xynoaeecraeaaoa aaYRe 0 :U;BeTe MaTIOIIIHHa HBJI.HeTC.H 3aKOH KOHTpaCTa B3aHMO,ll;OrrOJIHHTeJILHhIX Il;BeTOB, OCHOBaHHbIH aa aa- 6JIIO,lI;eHHH.

3a CtIeT .HBJIeHH.H rrOCJIe,n;OBaTeJIbaoro KOHTpaCTa B3aHMo,n;onOJIHHTeJIhHLIX II,BeTOB apeane CTpeMHTCH K paBHOBeCHlO H COCTO.HHHIO rronaoa II,BeTOBOH KOMneHCaII,HH. C03,n;aHHLIe MaTIOIIIHHbIM TpeXII,BeTHhIe rapMOHHH - Mo,n;eJIH ,n;mpcpepeHII,HpOBaHHbIX KpaCOqHhIX noc rpoeHHH - OCHOBaHbI Ha OCMLICJIeHRH II,BeTOBhIX acpcpeKTOB nOCJIe,n;OBa-

78

TeJIbHOrO H o,n;HOBpeMeHHoro ROHrpacroa.

1. Cum» scemoiiutcu,

B OCHOBe D;BeTOBOH CHCTeMhI JIejKHT Mo,n;eJlb repyra H3 BOCbMH ~eTOB: xpaeaoro, opaaacesoro, meJITOrO, meJITO- 3eJIeHoro, 3eJIeHoro, roJIY6oro, CHHero, cpHOJIeTOBOro (KOJIH'tIeCTBO OTTeHROB 3eJIeHOrO yaeJIHtIeHO) (pHC. 102). BBe,n;eHHe MeTo,n;HRH MaTIOIIIHHa ,n;8.JIO B03MO)KHOCTb Ha6JIIO,n;eHHH scpcpeKToB II,BeTOBLIX KOHTpaCTOB He TOJIbRO B YCJIOBHSlX TOtIetIHOrO, HO H, rrpem,n;e seero, pacrrrapeanoro BH,n;eImH aa CLJ:eT cztsara roraea C D;BeTOBOii Mo,n;eJIH aa HeiiTpaJIbHOerrOJIeCpe,n;LI.

TpeXIl;BeTHhIe COtIeTaHHH Ta6JIHIl;

CKOMrrOHOBaHhI KaK COOTHOIIIeHHH: a) rJIaBHOrO ,n;eiiCTBYIOlII,erO nsera; 6) 3aBHCHMOro OT Hero nsera cpeztsr; B) cnennaromero cpenaero II,BeTa. Boxpyr ,n;eiicTBYIOIII,erO II,BeTa B

HeHTpaJILHOii cpene 06.R:SaTeJIbHO no.HBJI.HIOTC.H II,BeTa, ROTopLIe ROMrrOHY-

0-)1(

)1(-0

)I(

c-ct>

c

K-O

K

n-K

3

3-r

3-)1(

PMC. 102. "'BeTo.oM Kpyr no CMCTeMe M. MaTlOwMHa

IOTCH C RHM xarc traer cpensr H KaK nner cpe~RHH, Cn;eIIJIHIOIn;HH.

IJ;BeT ~JIH MaTlOmHHa HBJIeRHe CJIOmHOe, IIO~BHmRoe, 3aBHCHMOe OT cocennax n;BeTOB, CHJIhI OCBeIn;eHHH, MacmTa60B nneroasrx nOJIeH, T.e. OT D;BeTo-CBeTO-IIpOCTpaRCTBeHHOH cpe~bI, B KOTOPOH OR RaXO~HTCH H KOTopaH orrpeztenaer YCJIOBHlI H ocooeaHOCTH ero BOClIpHHTHH.

2. If 3M.en'lU80Cmb ~8em08bLX atelCOpa06.

MaTlOmHH YCTaHOBHJI 3aKOHOMepHOCTH B H3MeH"IHBOCTH COa~aBmHXClI D;BeTOBhIX aKKop~OB:

1 - H 3 Tan: HeihpaJIhHoe nOJIe, aa KOTOPOM HaxOAHTCH userosoe IIHTHO, OKpamHBaeTCH BO B3aHMO~OnOJIHHTeJIhHl>lii, He pe3KO BhIpWKeHHl>lii nser:

2 - H 3 T a II: Ha6JIIO~aeMbIH n;BeT oxpyacaerea pe3KHM HCHhIM 06o~KOM B3aHMO~OnOJIHHTeJIhHOro nnera, H raKHM 06pa30M IIOHBJIHeTCH 'rpeTlrii: nser;

3 - H 3 Tan: BHOBh aaerynaer H3- MeHeHHe - IIoTyxaHHe caMoro n;BeTa nozt BJIHHHHeM HaJIOmeHHH aa

o

r

n

)1(-3

Hero B3aHMO~OIIOJIHHTeJIbHOrO nseroaoro pedinexca - H B cpeAe IIpOHCXO~HT HOBble H3MeHeHHH.

ECJIH K OCHOBHOMy n;BeTY ~06aBHTb ~yrOH n;BeT epema, TO ace CO"leTaHHe H3MeHHTCH B n;eJIOM. Hanpassep, HeHPKHH 3eJIeHbIH user cpe~hI IIO OTHOmeHHIO K cpHOJIeTOBOMY BhlrJIH~HT CBeTJIO R n;BeTHO, HO eCJIH BMecTO Hero B3HTh 6JIH3KHH K <pHOJIeTOBOMy capeHeBhIH, TO OH IIOraCHeT, nocepeer, True KaR aa Hero HeH36emHo HaJIOmHTCH TOT 3eJIeHhIH, KOTOPbIH 6hIJI paasme (aaROH IIOCJIe,ll;OBaTeJIhHoro KOHTpacra). Ho HPKooTb H "IHCTOTY MomHO BooCTaHOBHTb "Iepe3 Cn;eIIJlHIOIn;HH nser, B ,lI;aHHOM CJIY"Iae 3TO B3aHMO~OIIOJIHHTeJIhHhIH <pHOJIeTOBOMy meJIThIH.

B IWHe"lHOM C"IeTe, n;eJIbIO paaaeJIa .IJ;BeToBe~eHHe. HBJIHeTCH ssrpa- 60TKa rJI06MbHOro nserosoro MhImJIeHHH, T.e. YMeHHH BJIMeTb n;BeTOM B CO"leTaHHH C JII060H CPOPMOH H JIIO- 6hIM IIpOCTpaHCTBOM.

M. MaTlOmHH IIHCaJI: • QTo6hI noJIY"IHTb mHBoe omymeaae nsera, He

79

CJIe,ZJ;yeT ero l!>HKcHpoBaTb ,ZJ;JIHTeJIbHO rJIa30M, He KOHu;eHTpHpOBaTb apenne aa U;BeTe, a npoxozrarr, MHMO Hero, OXBaThIBaH CKOJIb3RUJ;HM B30pOM, - TOJIbKO Tor,ZJ;a H MomHO nOJIy<lHTb 60- raroe anexaraeaae OCHOBHoro U;BeTa H ,ZJ;onOJIHHTeJIbHhIX K HeMY ••

B CBOeH: cra'rse «OnhIT XY,ZJ;omHHxa HOBOH: MephI. MaTlOmHH aHaJIHaapyer TBOpqeCTBO XY,lI;OmHHKOB H H3JIaraeT CBOH BhIBO,ZJ;hI.

OH nanrer, qTO HMnpeCCHOHHCThI oOeraJIH rJIa30M mapoxoe npocrpaaCTBO, OHH pa,n;OCTHO 3aTIHChIBaJIH HOBYIO U;BeTHOCTb, HO HM He y,ZJ;aBaJIOCb TaR pacxpsrrs rJIa3, qTo6hI oaaoapeMeHHO 3axBaTHTb BCIO 3eJIeHYIO nraps; qTO OHH BH,lI;eJIH 6JIeCTHm;YIO nosepxHOCTb, HO He CaMO TeJIO, OHH 6hIJIH norJIOm;eHhI HCKaHHeM n;BeToBhIx BH6pan;HH:, a nOTOMY He MOrJIH BH,lI;eTb mH3Hb, MOm;b, CKJIa,ZJ; TeJIa B ero 06'beMe H ,lI;BHmeHHH.

ITo CJIOBaM MaTIOwHHa, Ceaaaa y<lHJICH CMOTpeTb mape H rJIy6me, oxBaThIBaTb BCIO Maccy BH,lI;HMOCTH paaOM, B O,ZJ;HOPO,ZJ;HOM CnJIaBe mHBhIX JIHHHH:, OH OKOHqaTeJIbHO paCWaTaJI 6JIarOnOJI)"IHe BepTHKaJIbHhIX H roPH30HTaJIbHhIX nepcnexraa; ITHKacco paanaraer UJIOCKOCTH, paapeaaer u;eJIbHOe na qaCTH, qT06hI HaH:TH savrpeaaee ,ZJ;BHmeHHe, He 3a60THCb o BhIpameHHH BH,ZJ;HMoro nenoro: Ky- 6HCThI H l!>YTYPHCThI nOKa3hIBaIOT BHYTpeHHHH: MHp scex BH,ZJ;HMOCTeH: H H306pamaIOT TO, xero 06hIKHOBeHHhIR B3rJIH,ZJ; He BH,ZJ;HT H He aocnpaaaxaer. H3JIaMhIBaH nJIOCKOCTH H noxa- 3hIBaH HeBH,ZJ;HMhIe CTOPOHhI rrpeztsaeTOB, OHH BhIHBJIHIOT TBOpqeCKYIO

80

CHJIY npHpO,ZJ;hI, CTpeMHm;YIOCH K ,lJ;BHmeHHIO BO acex HanpaBJIeHH.HX.

n03HaJlllJl4»OPMJd B npoerpaaerae B CBOHX pa60Tax H CTaTb.HX MaTIOmHH y,lI;eJIHJI 6oJIbWoe BHHMaHHe no- 3HaHHIO l!>0PMhI B npOCTpaHCTBe. OH nHCaJI: «HeT JIHHHH, ecrs TOJIbKO rpaHHD;hI rrpeznaeroa. HMO y<lHTbC.H WHPOKO OXBaThIBaTb BH,lI;HMOe rJIa3aMH, KaR PyKaMH, H KaR 6h13a6eraTb nnaaaMH aa 06'beM, roraa .HBHTC.H C03HaHHe 06'beMHOro H ero rpaaan, a He JIHHHH H xepr, Heo6xo,ZJ;HMO rrpoeonarr, pa30M YBH,lI;eTb ace ,lI;BHmym;eeC.H, rorna MomHO 6Y,lI;eT YBH,lI;eTb CKphITYJO CB.H3b seero mHBoro. OT,ZJ;eJIbHoe ,lI;BHmeHHe, xa- 3aBWeeCH caaxana cTpeMHTeJIbHhIM, CTaHOBHTCH cnOKOHHhIM, 3aBHCHMhIM OT 06m;ero ,ZJ;BHmeHH.H. YHJiqTOmaeTcH rrpaasrsaoe nOHHTHe 0 6hICTpoTe H HCHO B03HHKaeT H,lI;eH OTHOCHTeJIbHOCTH.

To me cassoe MomHO CKa3aTb H 0 D;BeTe KaR TaROBOM H ero B3aHMOOTHOWeHH.HX co MHOmeCTBOM ,ZJ;PyrHX D;BeTOB. Ilpocrora nepenaero UJIaHa acen;eJIO 3aBHCHT OT aerrocpeaeraeaaoro BJIHHHHH npOTHBOnOJIOmHoro nnaaa ••

«Ilpapona rOBopHT, Ha6JIIO,ZJ;aHTe Moe TBOpqeCTBO, a He $OTorpa$HpYHTe KHCTblO. ECJIH BhI nOR,lI;eTe nYTeM nOBTopeHHH MOHX $OpM, BaM HHKor,ZJ;a He ,lI;OCTHqb 6e3rpaHHqHOCTH COBepweHCTBa ,ZJ;BHmeHH.H MOHX qaCTeH H nanoro, BhI MomeTe TOJIbKO y<lHTbC.H TBOPHTb nO,ll;06HO MHe C TOR me CHJIOR H ,lI;ame CHJIbHee. BhI MO.H COBepweHHaH CYTb H BaM ,ZJ;aHa BOJI.H H ,ZJ;BH.)KeHHe K TBOpqeCTBY CO- 3,ZJ;aHH.H, a He TOJIbKO K TBOpqeCTBY aocnpoaaaezteaaa nonooaoro •.

aonsocu AJ1S1 nOBTOPEH""SI

1. B 4eM pa3HI<1~ Me)I(AY xpoMan14eCKI<1MI<1 1<1 aXpOMaTI<14eCKI<1MI<1 L1,BeTaMI<1?

2. nepe4l<1CJ1I<1Te OCHOBHble npl<13HaKI<1 L1,BeTa.

3. nepe4l<1CJ1I<1Te BIiIAbl L1,BeTOBbIX KOHTpacToB 1<1 oxapasrepasyare I<1X.

4. Oxapaerepasyare Hec06cTBeHHbie Ka4eCTBa L1,BeTa.

5. LITO TaKOe L1,BeTOBOLii xpyr?

6. KaKl<1e nepesre L1,BeTOBble rapMOHI<11<11<13BeCTHbi HaYKe L1,eeTOBeAeHliIs:I?

7. Ha30BI<1T8 1i13BeCTHbl8 BaM L1,BeTOBbie MOAeJ11<1 (no I<1MeHaM I<1X C03AaTeJ1etl1).

8. Kaxax OTeyeCTB8HHbiX TeOpeTI<1KOB uaera ebl MO)J(eTe Ha3BaTb?

9 . .D,aLiiTe KpaTKYIO xapaKTepl<1CTI<1KY o6pa30BaHIiIs:I rapMoHIiI4ecKlilx co-eraHI<1Lii no CI<1CT8Me K03J10Ba.

10. npl<1eeAI<1Te KOHKpeTHblH npHMep06pa30BaHHfI rapMOHI<1H pOAcTBeHHoKOHTpacTHblx L1,BeTOB.

11. npl<1BeAI<1T8 npl<1Mep C03AaHIlUi rapMOH1<11<1 poncrseauo-soarpacrasrx L1,BeToe no MOAeJ11i1 TpeyrOJ1bHI<1Ka 1<1 npoaaanaaapvare ero.

12. npl<1eeAI<1Te npl<1Mep C03AaHI<1f1 rapMOH1iI1<1 poncrseaso-xoarpacraux L1,BeToe no MOAeJ11<1 yeTblpexyrOJ1bHI<1Ka 1<1 npoaaanuaapvare ero.

13. Oxapaxrepaayare cvrs T90Pl<11<1 0 uasre B. KaHAI<1HCKOrO no cxeue.

14. Aatl1T8 xapacrepacruxy 06pa30BaHI<1ft L1,BeTOBbIX rapMOHl<1t11 no MOAeJ11<1 rpeyronsa 1<1 xa,

15. KaKI<19 L1,B9TOBbie OTT9HKI<1 naer CMeW8HI<1e pa3J1I<1YHbIX nap KOHTpacTHoAOnOJ1HI<1TeJ1bHbIX L1,BeToB?

16. Ha 48M OCHOBblBa9TCfI L1,BeTOBafi CI<1CTeMa M. MaTIOWIiIHa 1<1 KaKOBbl ee OTJ11<141<1s:1 OT npemuecrayioumx CI<1CTeM?

17. Oxapacrepaayare rpexuaerasre rapMOHI<14eCKI<19 C04eTaHI<151.

18. KaKI<1M 06pa30M np0I<1CXOAIiIT 1<13MeH41<1BOCTb L1,aeTOBbIX aKKoPAoB?

3AA,AHME 1

• BblnOJ1HI<1Tb mlTlIISIpycHbltl1 L1,eeTOBOtl1 Kpyr 1<13 16 cerMeHTOB co BCeMI<1 TOHMbHblMI<1 iii L1,BeTOBbIMI<1 rp8AaLl,I<1f1MI<1 (cnexrp HaCblUJ,eHHOCTI<1 4BeT08, cnexrpu pa36eJ10B 1<1 3aTeMHeHHbiX ueeros).

Uenb

• n03HaKOMI<1TbCfI Ha npaKTI<1Ke C nOCJ1eAOBaTeJ1bHOCTblO cnexrpansuoro pacnOJ1o)J(eHIIISI 4BeTOB.

• Cq,OpMl<1pOBaTb HaBblKIiI nOKpaCKI<1 axeapeneio MeTOAOM J1eCCl<1pOBKI<1.

• Vl3rOTOBI<1Tb MOAeJ1b 4BeTOBoro xpvra AfIfi I<1Cn0J1b30BaHliIs:I ero B BbtnOJ1- HeHl<11<1 nOCJ1eAYIOUJ,l<1x 38AaHl<1t11.

81

Tpe6oBaHMH:

• C06J1IOAaTb nnaaaue nepexonu B paCTSDKKaX, BHYTPIiI Ka)l(,lJ,OrO LJ,BeTa iii npa nepexone B npyrae LJ,BeTOBble TOHa, pesxae nepexonu aenonycTIiIMb!.

• Kpacea AOJ1)1{Ha HaHOCIiITbC~ aKKYpaTHO, 6e3 nOATeKOB iii pa3BOAOB. 06'beM: LJ,BeTOBOVI Kpyr BblnOJ1HReTCR B cpopMaTe A3.

MaTepMan: axaapens, ryaurs.

3AAAHME2

• BbInOJ1HIiITb 06pa3LJ,bl ... ersipex rapMOHIiIVI pOACTBeHHO-KOHTpaCTHbIX LJ,BeTOB, nOKa3aB ace CBeTJ10THble iii TOH8J1bHble paCT~)I{KIiI C IiICn0J1b30BaHlileM nRTIiI xpyros pa3HOVI Hacblw.eHHOCTIiI.

14enb

• nOJ1Y'iIilTb Ham~AHYIO KapTIiIHY 'ieTblpex caMblX CJ10)l{HbIX iii 60raTbiX B LJ,BeTOBOM OTHoweHlII1II rapMOHIIIVI, npOCJ1eAIiIB creneus IiIX pOACTBa iii pa3J11i1- ... IIIR BO acex TOHaJ1bHbIX eapaauasx.

Tpe6oBaHMH:

• rpaMOTHO CKOMnOHOBaTb 1i1306pa)l{eHlile aa JIIilCTe.

• npaBIiIJ1bHO 111306pa31i1Tb TOH8J1bHble iii LJ,BeTOBble nepexonsi 1i13 OAHOro L~BeTa B APYroVi.

06'beM: ynpa)l{HeHIiIR BblnOJ1H~IOTC~ B BIiIAe cxeMbl B cpopMaTe A4. MaTepMan: axeapens, ryaurs.

3AAAHME3

• BblnOJ1HIIITb ynpa)l{HeHIiIR B BIiIAe cxeMbl, paCn0J10)l{IiIB B J1Ii1CTe BoceMb nap KOHTpaCTHO-AOnOJ1HIIITeJ1bHbIX LJ,BeTOB, IiICn0J1b3Ys:l ace nsrs LJ,BeTOBbIX KPYrOB (acero 40 LJ,BeTOBbIX nap).

14enb

• n03HaKoMIiITbCs:I Ha npaxraxe C rpynnoVi KOHTpacTHO-AOnOJ1HIiITeJ1bHbIX LJ,BeTOB.

• lt13roTOBIiITb nocotiae, xoropoe 6YAeT IiICn0J1b30BaTbCR B AaJ1bHeVlWeVi npaKTIII'ieCKOVI paoore npa BblnOJ1HeHIiIIiI 38AaHIiIVI no LJ,BeTOBeAeHIllIO iii KOMn03111LJ,1iI1iI.

Tpe6oBaHMH:

• Ha.:1TIiI IIIHTepecHYIO KOMnOHOBKY B J1Ii1CTe.

• KayeCTBeHHo BbIIlOJ1HIiITb nOKpaCKY.

06'beM: ynp8)l{HeHIiI~ BblnOJ1H~IOTC~ Ha J1Ii1CTax cpopMaTa A4 B TOM KOJ1Ii1l.feCTBe, xoropoe nOTpe6yeTCR,ll)1R pa3Mew.eHIiI~ 40 LJ,BeTOBbIX nap.

MaTepMan: axaapens, rvauis.

82

3AAAHIt1E 4

• Bsmonuars KOMn03li1L1,liIliIliI3 reoMeTplil4ecKlllx 3.neMeHTOB 1II.n1ll CPOPM, npuo.nIll)l(eHHbIX K HIIIM, no BceM BlII,D,aM Ll,BeTOBbIX rapMoHIII~:

1 ) O,D,HOTOHOBa~ rapMoHIII~;

2) rapMoHlllfI pO,D,CTBeHHblx UBeTOB;

3) rapMoHIIIs:! pO,D,CTBeHHo-KoHTpacTHblx Ll,BeTOB;

4) rapMoHlllfl KOHTpaCTHO-AOnonHliITe.nbHblx Ll,BeToB.

Kona-recrao IIIcnonb3yeMbix Ll,BeTOBbIX OTTeHKOB He orOBaplIIBaeTCR. U.enb

• C03AaTb rapMOHVl4Hbie B Ll,BeTOBOM OTHoweHIIIVI aocrpaxruo-reoeaerpa- 4eCKIIIX KOMn03I11L1,III~ C rpaMOTHO nOA06paHHblMIII TOHa.nbHbIMIII III Ll,BeTOBblMIII oneHKaMVI.

• OTpaOOTaTb YMeHllle nplilMeH~Tb 3HaHliIfI no Ll,BeTOBOLii rpavore B npaKTIII- 4eCKoiii paoore,

Tpe60BaHMSI :

• C03,D,aTb IIIHTepeCHYIO KOMn03111UlllIO C ucnoneaoeaaaev CPOPM pa3J1W-IHblX KOHcplllrypaUliI~.

• IlplIIMeHIIITb UBeTOBble rapMOH1II1II He MexaHliI4eCKIII, a BepHO nO,D,6l11pa~ UBeTa no TOHY 111 Hacblw,eHHOCTIII.

• AOOIIITbCSl UBeTOBoro paBHOBeCIIIS'I B KOMn03I11L1,IIII11, He 3a6blBa~ 0 ueurpe KOMn03111lJ,1II111.

06beM: 4 KOMn03I11L1,IIIIII, pa3Mew,eHHble Ha O,D,HOM nacre cpopMaTa A4; 3CKIII3bl III useroaere nOIllCKIII BbtnO.nHflIOTC~ B cpopMaTe A4.

MaTepMan: axsapens, ryaurs.

3AAAHIt1E 5

• BblnOJ1HIIITb CPOPMa.nbHYIO KOMn03111UIIIIQ 1113 reOMeTplII'-IeCKIIIX 1II.n1ll a6CTpaKTHblX 3JleMeHTOB. Ll,BeToBoe peuieaae: napa KOHTpaCTHblX UBeTOB III IIIX CMeCb (cepbliii Ll,BeT) pa3.nW-IHbIX oneHKOB.

lloAcHeHMSI K 3aA8HMIO: B KOMn03I11UII1L-1I11Cno.nb3yeTCS'I napa Ll,BeTOB, HanplIIMep, KpaCHbl~-3eneHbliii, III IIIX CMeCb B pa3J11114Hb1X aapaa-rrax: 1) OOJlbwe xpacuoro IIInlll oo.nbwe aeneuoro: 2) pasaoe Ko.n1ll4eCTSO Ll,SeTOB; 3) ,0,0- 6aB.neHllle B CMeCb 6e.nlll.n 1II.n1ll 3aMYTHeHllle 4epHblM. Flponaaonusre KOMnOHeHTbl (KpacHbliii III 3e.neHbl~) raoee MOryl' 6blTb B3f1Tbl pa3Ho~ HaCblw,eHHOCTIII.

U.enb

• Y4I11TbC~ C03AaBaTb yc.nO)l(HeHHble no usery KOMn03I11UI1I11.

• Orpatiorare YMeHllle aapsapoeare Ll,BeTOBbIMIII oneHKaMIII.

83

Tpe60BaHMSI :

• Pa60Ta~ co CMe)l(HblMIII L1,BeTOBbIMIII orrea KaM 111 , He 3a6blBaTb 0 BeCOBblX cooraoureaasx. B 3aSIiICIiIMOCTIII OT HaCbll1\eHHOCTIII orreaxa, aepao Ha~~ Till nnouians L1,BeTOBOro nsraa - pese II1AeT 0 COOTHOllJeHlII1II HaCbll1\eHHblX L1,BeTOB, IIIX pa36eJlOB 111 3aMYTHeHHbiX orre-ucos.

• nepeA BblnOJlHeHllleM OCHOBHOi71 KOMn03111L1,III111 AeJlaIOTC~ nOIl1CKIII 111 aCKIII- 3bl B L1,BeTe, MII1HII1MYM 4 WT., no pa3JlIII'"lHbIM rapMOHII1'"1eCKIIIM napaM. Bbl- 6l11paeTC~ Halll60Jlee YAa'"lHbl~ sapaaur 111 nenaercs cpopacKIII3 (YTO'"lHeHHbli71 BO acex oTHoweHIII~x).

06"beM: '"IIIICTOBa~ KOMn03I11L1,III~ - 1 WT. (A4); aCKIII3bl 111 cpopacKlII3- 2 JlIIICTa A4.

MaTepMan: axsapens, ryaurs.

npMMe ... aHMe: '-IIIICTble TOHa '"IepHOrO 111 6eJloro B KOMn031i1u.1iI1I1 He IIICnOJlb- 3YIOTC~, TaKIIIM 06pa30M, 6eJlbiX Y'"IaCTKOB - nYCTOT - B KOMIl03111L1,III111 6blTb He AOJl)l(HO; 06BOAKa KOHTYpa '-IepHblM raxxe He IiICnOJlb3yeTC~.

3AAAHME6

• BblnOJlHII1Tb KOMn03111L1,II11O 1113 npocrux reOMeTplII'"leCKIIIX CPOPM IIIJlIII nJlOCxocrea, B KOTOPOi71 '-IeTKO npOCMaTpIIIBaIOTCs:! TPIiI npOCTpaHCTBeHHblX nnaHa (nepeAHII1i71, cpeAHllliJllI1 AaJlbHllli7I). nJlaHOBOCTb peuraercs 3a C'"IeT my- 6111HHoro ABIII)I(eHIII51 uaera.

Pa3pa60TaHHafl KOMn03I11L~II1f1 aunonaaerca B rpex aapaaarax:

1) nnauu CPIl1KCIIIPYIOTCfI Ll,BeTOM cornacao 111306pa.>KeHIllIO - nepena 111 VI , cpeAHIIIVI 111 AaJlbHII1i71;

2) Ll,BeT nepenaer ooparsoe 111306pa)l(eHllle nJlaHOB, T.e. AaIlbHllli7I I1JlaH BOCnpll1HIIIMaeTcfI nepeAHII1M, nepeAHllli7I YXOAIIIT Ha 3aAHllli7I, a cpeAHllli7I peuiaerca cornacao 111306pa)l(eHIllIO;

3) nonaas uBeTOBa~ nyraaaua nJlaHOB.

Pa60Ta aunonaaerca B poAcTBeHHO-KOHTpaCTHoi71 TeIlJlO~XOJlOAHoi71 rapMoHIIIIII. Ll,enb

• YflCHIIITb, KaK Ll,BeT y'-lacTByeT B nocrpoeana my6111Hbi B 111306pa.>KaeMOM npocrpaucrse.

Tpe6oBaHMSI:

• Bepao Hai71TIII cooraouieane Macc Ll,BeTOBbIX nares B 3aBlllCIIIMOCTIII OT IIIX npIIIH8AJle)l(HOCTIII K rennuu IIIJlIl1 XOJlOAHblM orreaxara, CTeneHII1 flPKOCTII1, T~)I(eCTII1 111 JlerKOCTII1, uaerosocnpaaraa nsrua.

06"beM: KOMn03111L1,Ii10HHbie nOIllCKIII B xapaanaure, 4-6 Ll,BeTOBbIX 3CKIII~ 30B, rpu OKOH'-IaTeIlbHble ueeroeue KOMn03I11L1,IIII11; 3aAaHllle Bbl~ nonaserca B cpopMaTe A4.

MaTepMan: axsapens, rvauns, L1,BeTHble xapaanaum.

84

3AAAHME 7

• 1113 npOlll3BOJlbHO CTOs:lUJ,IIIX 6eJlbiX npeAMeTOB COCTaBIIITb AeKOpaTIIIBHblH HaTlOpMOpT B '-IeTblpeX rapMOHIII'-IeCKIIIX CO'-leTaHIIIs:lX C Y'-IeTOM 3aTeMHeHHblX III BblCBeTJleHHblX Ll,BeTOBbIX xpvros. BblnOJlHIIITb vpaeaoseureaHYIO KOMn03111LJ,1II1O B npeaenax OnpeAeJleHHOH Ll,BeTOBOH rapMOHIIIIII. noCKOJlbKY KOMn03111L1,IIIs:I AeKopaTIIIBHas:l, TO useroaere nsraa, HaXOAs:lUJ,lIIeCs:I B pa3J1I11'-1HbIX rny6l11Hax, ecrpe-raacs B nOJlQ)KeHIIIIII cpeaaero nnasa, AOJl)f(Hbl C03AaBaTb IIICKOMoe rny6V1HHoe paBHOBeCV1e B KOJlOpIIICTV1'-1eCKOH KOMn03I11L1,IIIV1.

l..\enb

• HaY'-lIllTbCs:I C03AaBaTb onpeneneasvo Ll,BeTOBYIO rapMOHllllO, a raoee Bblsanars aa C'-IeT Ll,BeTOBbIX aKLJ,eHTOB Halll60Jlee KOMn03111L1,IIIOHHO 3Ha'-llllMble cpOPMbl.

Tpe6oBaHMS1 :

• Pa60Ta AOJl)f(Ha 6blTb asmonaeaa aKKYpaTHO.

• Heo6xOAillMO C06J1IOAaTb LJ,BeTOBble KOHTpaCTbl.

06'beM: KOMn03111L1,IIIOHHbie nOIllCKIll B xapaanaure, ueerossre 3CKIII3bl III -rerupe OKOH'-IaTeJlbHbIX aapuaara Ha JlIIICTaX cpopMaTa A4.

MaTepMan: axsaoens, ryaurs, ueerusre «apaanaum.

3AAAHME8

• BblnOJlHIIITb HeCJlO)f(HbIH uanopwopr V13 4-5 npeAMeTOB Ha HeHTpMbHOM cpoHe, npOIIIJlJlIOCTplllpoBaB rpa nepaona 1113MeHs:leMOCTIll uaera, npoacXOAs:lUJ,IIIX npa B3alllMoAeHcTBIIIIII rnaasoro AeHcTBYIOUJ,ero usera III 3aBIIICIllMOH OT Hero cpenu, oTo6pa3111Tb AeHCTBllle cuennsuouiero usera. IlpoCJleAIIITb AaHHYIO Ll,BeTOBYIO curvauaio C pa3J1V1'-1HbIMIII BaplllaHTaMIll uaera cpenu, OCTaBIllB ry xe npeAMeTHYto curvauaio.

l..\enb

• n03HaKOMIIITbCs:I Ha npaKTIIIKe C Ll,BeTOBOH CIllCTeMOH M. MaTIOWIllHa.

• 1l0JlY'-lIllTb Harns:lAHblH P5lA Ta6JlIIILl, C pa3J1I11'-1HbIMIll Ll,BeTOBbIMIll aKKOPAaMIll.

Tpe6oBaHMS1:

• Heo6xOAillMO IIICnOJlb30BaTb KaK MIIIHIIIMyM '-IeTblpe eapaaura Ll,BeTOBOH cpena.

• BepHO nepenars nOJlY'-leHHble uaeroeue curvauaa, C0611toAas:l TOHMbHble pa3JlIII'-lllls:l uaeroesix OTTeHKOB.

06'beM: cpopMaT A4 B Q>opMe Q>opaCKIII30B.

MaTepMan: axaapens, ryaurs, uaeruue xapaanauur.

85

3A,D.AHHE 9

• BblnollHIiITb HeCll0>KHbl'" aanopwopr 1i13 4-5 npeAMeTOB B rpex cIiITYaLJ,~sx no OTHoweH~1O K ~CTOLJH~KY CBeTa:

1} CIiIJ1y3T npenveroa nporns CBeTa;

2} LJ,8eT0801l1 peIlbe<p npu CKOllb3RlLteM CBeTe (caepxy, CH~3Y, cneaa, cnpasa): 3} ocaeuieaae npeAMeTOB B ynop pacce~HHblM CBeTOM.

Ha Ka)l(p,Oe COCTOflH~e BblnOllHRIOTC~ noacxceue 3CK~3bl.

nOHCHeHMH K CMTya14MHM:

• OUJ,YUJ,eHlile CBeTa nepenaercs LJ,BeTOBbIMIiI OTHoweHIiI~M~, a caM CIiIJlYST npeAMeTOB IiIcnblTblBaeT BJlIiI~Hlile perpneccoa. B pesynsrare npossexvrKI.1 cpOHa JlO>KaTC~ Ha canyar IiIJlIiI CIiIJ1Y3T J10>KIiITC~ Ha ¢>OH - B pe3YI1bTaTe B03HIiIKaeT AIiIHaMWleCKa~ >KIiIBOnI.1CHOCTb 1i1306pa>KeHIiIR.

• nOBOpOT nI10CKOCTIiI ct>OPMbl nepenaercs TOI1bKO rpap,aLJ,IiIRMIiI LJ,BeTa, 6e3 IiIcnOIlb30BaHlilfi CBeTOTeHIiI. Flocrpoeaae IJ,BeTOBoro penseoa npO~3BOAIiITC~ OTHOCIiITellbHO KapTIiIHHOIl1 nI10CKOCTIiI. LJ,BeToBo'" penserp cxnaaaBaeTCR B 3aBIiICIiIMOCTIiI OT yrna aaxnoaa ¢>OPMbl, OTHOC~TeJlbHO Hee OPlr1- eHTalJ,~R B ueere BeAeTC~ no lJ,BeTOBOMY KPYry.

• ClllryalJ,liIR, B KOTOPOIl1 pellbect> <POPMbllr13-3a npRMoro OCBeUJ,eHlr1~ n04T~ He npOCMaTpIiIBaeTC~ iii npeAMeTbl BocnpIiIHIiIMaIOTC~ LJ,BeTHbIMlr1 Clr1J1y3TaM~ pa3JlIiILJHbiX OLJepTaH~II1, B3a~MHO BJ1I11RIOUJ,IiIX APyr Ha APyra.

• 60IlbWYlO POIlb urpaer xoarvp, nOALJepKII1BalOUJ,1iI1I1 J1Ii1He"'HbIVi PIiITM KOMno- 31i1lJ,~1iI.

Uenb

• IlpaKTIiILJeCKOe 3HaKOMCTBO C >KIiIBOnIilCHO-AeKopaTIiIBHO'" CIiICTeMOIl1 noCTpoeHIiIR ct>OPMbl LJ,BeTOM.

• Pasaarne YMeHlilfi TBOpLJeCKIiI nOAXOAIiITb K patiore C Harypbl, C03ABBa~ AeKopaTIiIBHblVi sapaa-rr KOHKpeTHOIl1 neVl3a>KH0Il1 IiIllli1 noprperaoa clilryalJ,lr1li1. Tpe6oBaHMA:

• no Ka)KAOVl cliITyalJ,liIlr1 1i13 rpex BblnOI1HIiITb 2-3 sapna-rra B LJ,BeTe. B LJIiICTOBOM sapaa-rre BblnOJ1HReTCfI no OAHOIl1 KOMn03lr1LJ,IiIIII.

• BblnOI1H~Tb IiIHTepecHble IJ,BeTOBble KOMn031i1lJ,1iI1iI C C06I1IOAeHlI1eM TOHaIlbHblX pa3I1I11LJVlVI.

06beM: Ha I1lr1CTaX ct>opMaTa A4.

MaTepMan: acsapens, rvauis, CMewaHHaR TeXHIiIKa.

86

rnaBa 3 CTMnM3ALUIS1 B AEKOPATMBHOM KOMn03MLJ.MM

nOHfIITMe CTMnM3au,MM M CTMnfll

B AeKopaTHBHOH KOMn03H~HH BaacHyro pOJIb arpaer TO, HaCKOJIbKO TBOp'tIeCKH XYAOacHHK MoaceT nepepa60TaTb oxpyacaromyro AeHCTBHTeJIbHOCTb H BHeCTH B nee CBOH MblCJIH H 'tIYBCTBa, HHAHBHAyaJIbHble OTTeHKH. 3TO H Ha3blBaeTCH CTRJIR- 3a~Re:ii:.

CTHJlR3a~.a: KaR nponecc pa60Tbl rrpeACTaBJIHeT C060H AeKOpaTHBHOe o606m;eHHe H306paacaeMblx 06'beK· TOB (cpHryp, npemseroa) C rrOMOm;bIO pana YCJIOBHblX npHeMOB H3MeHeHHH CPOPMbl, 06'beMHblX H D;BeTOBblX ~T· HOWeHHH.

B AeKOpaTHBHOM HCKYCCTBe CTHJIH3a~HH - MeTOA pHTMH'tIeCKOH OpraHH3a~HH ~eJIOrO, 6JIarOAapH KOTOPOMY aaofipaseeaae IIpH06peTaer rrpH3HaKH noasnneaaoa ztexopaTHBHOCTH H BocnpHHHMaeTCH CBOe- 06pa3HblM MOTHBOM yaopa (TOrAa Mbl rOBOpHM 0 AeKOpaTHBHOH CTHJIH3a~HH B KOMrr03H~HH).

Ilpeacne 'tIeM rOBOpHTb 0 pa3JIH'tIHblX cnoco6ax CTHJIH3a~HH; HMeeT CMblCJI 06paTHTbCH K CYTH TepMHHa «CTHJIb$.

B xone HCTOpH'tIeCKOrO nponecca onpeneneaasre 'tIepTbl, CBOHCTBeH· asre ~eJIhIM HCTOpH'tIeCKHM snoxax,

oTpa6aTblBaJIHCb; AOBOAHJIHCb AO COaepmeacraa, TaKHM 06pa30M B03HHKaJIH HCTOpU'tIeCKHe CTHJIH.

CTHJIb - Hau60JIee 06m;8JI xareropHH xYAoacecTBeHHOrO MblWJIeHHH, XapaKTepHaH AJIH OnpeAeJIeHHOrO aTana HCTOpU'tIeCKOrO paaBHTHH. CTHJIb asrpaaeaer CYTb, YHHKaJIbHOCTb xYAoacecTBeHHOrO TBOp'tIeCTBa B eAHHCTBe BCeX ero KOMIIOHeHTOB, eoztepaeaaaa H CPOPMbl, H306paaceHHH H BblpaaceHHH, JIH'tIHOCTH H anOXH. XYAOacHHK A. ,lJ;epeH C'tIHTaJI, 'tITO «CTHJIb - 3TO rrOCTeIIeHHblH nepexozt OT 'tIeJIOBeKa K AeHCTBHTeJIbHOCTH H 06paTHO ••

"L{a~e BCerO CTHJIb OrrpeAeJIHIOT KaK CHCTeMY BHYTpeHHHX CBH3eH MemAY BceMH KOMITOHeHTaMH TBOP'tIeCKOrO nponecca, COAepmaHHeM H CPOPMOH, KOJIOPHTOM H TeXHHKOH BblrrOJIHeHHH, rrpOCTpaHCTBeHHblMH noCTpoeHHHMH. ECJIH CpaBHHTb CTHJIb H MaHepy. TO MaHepa - 3TO ocoeeaHble 'tIepTbl TBOp'tIeCKOrO rrponecca, a CTR.JD. - ero KOHe'tIHhIH peavnsrar, 06H3aTeJIbHblH CHHTe3; ~eJIOCTHOCTb ncex KOMIIOHeHTOB xYAomeCTBeHHOro IIpOH3BeAeHHH.

TaKHe H306pa3HTeJIbHhIe openCTBa KOMrr03H~HH, KaK npocrpaa-

87

CTBeHHhlH 06'beM, nser, JIHRHH, !paKrvpa, 6JIarO,n;apH onpenaneaaon opraHH3aU;HH xy,n;OmHHKOM, npaotiperalOT HH,n;HBHp;yaJIhHhIH xaparcrep H, CJIe,ll;OBaTeJIhHO, CTHJIeBYro oxpacxy.

MCKYCCTBOBep; B. BHHep IIHCaJI: « MeTO,n; H MaHepa ecrs y Kam,ll;OrO xynoacaaxa, a CTHJIb MomeT He COCTOHTbCH!) •

CTHJIb npOH3Be,n;eHHH necer B ce6e "tIepThI CTHJIH anoxa, reoropsre TpaHC!pOPMHpyroTC.H na HH,lI;HBH,lI;yaJIbHOM ypoane TBOp't:IeCTBa KOHKpeTHoro "tIeJIOBeKa.

CTHJIb IIpOH3Be,l(eHH.H B03HHKaeT, KOr,l(a B MbImJIeHHH XYP;O:>KHHKa npoHCXO,l(HT TBOp't:IeCKaH pafiora, B pe- 3YJIbTaTe KOTOPOH H306pa:>KaeMhlH 06'beKT npaotiperaer HOBYIO peansHOCTI., OTJIH't:IHyro OT 06bI,ll;eHHOH ,ll;eHCTBHTeJIbHOCTH H rrpeaocxoztanryio ee CHJIOH Brre't:IaTJIeHH.H; xoraa B npaponnyro OKpaCKY npe,ll;MeTa BJIHBaroTCH U;BeTOBbIe OTTeHKH 't:IYBCTB, a ,l(HHaMHKa $OpM nepeztaer ,l(BHmeHHe MbICJIH aaropa.

Tlopoa npOH3Be,l(eHHH BeJIHKHX TBOPU;OB BhlXO,n;HT aa paMKH KOHKpeTaoro HCTopH't:IeCKOrO CTHJIH, H rorna MbI rOBopHM 0 CTHJIe MO,l(HJIbHHH, Tlaxacoo H T.,n;. (pHC. 103).

AaCTPHHCKHH apXHTeKTOp MO,l(epna OTTO Barnep C't:IHTaJI, 't:ITO ncex XY,l(O:>KHHKOB MomHO paaaenar» aa TpH xareropaa: IIepBa.H ~ KOIIHPOBW;HKH, xy.n;omHHKH C Hepa3BHThlM BKyCOM H TaJIaHTOM; sropaa - HMIIpeCCHOHHCThl, y KOTOPbIX 06'beKT TBOptJ:eCTBa asrasmaer JIHmb srrenarJIeHHH; TpeTMl - CTHJIHCTbI, KOTOpsre rrpaaaror CBOHM npoaaseneaa-

88

.HM HMH caMHMH IIpH,ll;YMaHHbIe !popMbI, 3TO HaCTO.HW;He rnoprrsr, npH't:IeM IIyTb K TpeTbeH xareropaa JIe:>KHT xepea nse rrpensrzrymae.

Macrae xY,ll;OmHHKH OBJIa,n;eBaJIH KOIIHPOBaJIbHOH rpaMOTOH, HO He ace H3 HHX OCTaJIHCb B HCTOPHH H306- pa3HTeJIbHOrO HCKYCCTBa.

M3 HCTOPHH HCKyCCTB H3BeCTHO, 't:ITO HMlIpeCCHOHHCTH't:IeCKOH MaHepOH nHCbM8 BJIa,n;eJIH MHorne XY,l(OmHHKH, HO KapTHHhI TOJIbKO HeKOTOpbIx H3 HHX OCTaJIHCb HeIIOBTopHMbIMH, TaK KaK xposre y~zeHHH BH,lI;eTb IIO-HOBOMY, HX aBTOPaM npacyme H MacrepcTBO HOBaropcxoro H306pameHH.H, HMerorn;ero CBOH xaparcrepasre OC06eHHOCTH.

CTHJIH3aU;Hro MomHO nonpaaneJIHTb aa ,l(Ba sana:

a) BHemH.H.H IIOBepXHOCTHa.H, He HMerow;a.H HH,l(HBH,l(yaJIhHorO xapaxTepa, a rrpezmozrararomaa HaJIH't:IHe rorosoro ofipaana ,ll;JI.H nO,ll;pamaHHH HJIH :}JIeMeHTOB yme C03,l(aHHOrO CTHJIH (aanpasrep, ,ll;eKOpaTHBHoe naaHO, BhlIIOJIHeHHOe C HCnOJIb30BaHHeM npaexoa XOXJIOMCKOH pocnaca);

6) ,ll;eKOpaTHBHaH, B KOTOPOH ace aJIeMeHTbI IIpOH3Be,l(eHHH IIO,ll;'t:IHHeHhI YCJIOBHHM yme HMerorn;erocH xY,l(O:>KeCTBeHHoro aHCaM6JIH (aanpmrep, nexoparaaaoe naHHO, nO,l('t:IHHeHHOe cpe,l(e aarepsepa, CJIOmHBmerOCH paaee),

,1l;eKopaTHBHaH CTHJIH3an;HH OTJIH't:IaeTCH OT CTHJIH3an;HH aootime CBOeH CBH3bro C npocrpaacrseaaoa cpe,l(OH. IIo3ToMY ,l(JIH IIOJIHOH .HCHOCTH nonpoca paCCMOTpHM IIOHHTHe ztexopaTHBHOCTH.

IIo,l( ,ll;eKOpaTHBHocTbro npHHHTO IIOHHMaTh xvnoaeecrseaaoe Ka't:IeCTBO

PMc.103.A.MoAMnbRHM,n.nMKacco

89

npOH3Be,ll;eHH$I, KOTOpOe B03HHKaeT B peaYJIhTaTe OCMhICJIeHH$I aBTOpOM CB$laH ero npOH3Be,ll;eHH$I C npe,ll;MeTHo-npOCTpaHCTBeHHoii cpenoa, ,Il;JI$I KOTOPOH OHO npenaaaaaxeao. B aTOM CJIyqae OT,Il;eJIhHoe npoaaseneaae aa,Il;YMhIBaeTC$I H oc~ecTBJI$leTC$I KaK l:JJIeMeHT 60JIee mapoxoro KOMn03Hnaoaaoro nenoro.

MomHo CKa3aTh, lITO CTHJIh - aTO xY,Il;OmeCTBeHHoe nepeacasaaae speMeHH, a ,Il;eKOpaTHBHa$l CTHJIH3aIJ;H$I- xY,Il;OmeCTBeHHoe nepeacasaHHe npOCTpaHCTBa.

,D;JI$I ,Il;eKOpaTHBHOH: CTHJIH3aIJ;HH xapaKTepHO a6CTparHpOBaHHe - MhICJIeHHOe OTBJIelIeHHe OT necynteCTBeHHhIX, CJI~aHHhIX C TOlIKH apeHH$I XY,Il;OmHHKa npH3HaKOB C IJ;eJIhlO 3aOCTpeHH$I BHHMaHH$I aa 60JIee 3Ha"tIHMhIX, OTp8JK8.lOm;HX CYTh 06'heKTa ,Il;eTaJI$lX.

IIpH ,ZJ;eKopaTHBHoii CTHJIH3aJJ;HH H306pamaeMoro 06'heKTa aeooxona- 1'40 CTpeMHThC$I, lIT06hI KOMn03HIJ;H$I (naHHO) OTBelIaJIa npannany apxaTeKTOHI{qHOCTH, T.e. HymHo BhICTpaHBaTh CHCTeMY CB$l3e:n: OT,Il;eJIhHhIX lIaCTeH H aJIeMeHTOB B e,ll;HHYIO ueJIOCTHOCTh npOH3Be,ll;eHH$I.

POJIh CTHJIH3aUHH KaK xY,ZJ;omeCTBeHHoro MeTO,ll;a B nOCJIe,ll;Hee BpeM$I B03pOCJIa, TaK KaK YBeJIHlIHJIaCh nOTpe6HOCTh JIIO,Il;e:n: B C03,1l;aHHH CTHJIHCTHlIeCKH ueJIhHOii, sereTH'tIeCKH 3Ha'tlHMo:n: oKPymalOm;e:n: cpensr,

C paaBHTHeM ,Il;H3aHBa B 06JIaCTH aarepsepa B03HHKJIa He06xo,ll;HMOCTh C03,1l;8.HH$I npOH3Be,ll;eBHH ,Il;eKOpaTHBHO-npHKJIa,Il;HOrO HCKYCCTBa, KOTOpsre 6e3 CTHJIH3aJJ;HH He 6y)l;YT OTBe'tIaTh COBpeMeHHhIM aCTeTH'tIeCKHM Tpe60BaHH$lM.

CTMnM38"'MR B OpH8MeHTe

JII06hIe OpHaJ.I4eHTaJIhHhIe KOMno- 3HUHH npe,ll;CTaBJI$lIOT c060:n: ynopa,Il;OlIeHBhIe H 3aKOHOMepHhIe nocrpoeBH$I; 60JIhWYlO POJIh B HHX HrpalOT pa3pa6aThIBaeMhIe MOTHBhI, H3 KOTOPhIX BhICTpaHB8.lOTC$I opHaMeBThI. OT Toro, HaCKOJIhKO BhIpa3HTeJIhHO H306pamalOTC$I MOTHBhI B KOMn03HUHH, 3aBHCHT BOCnpH$lTHe ncero opHaMeHTaJIhHOrO nOCTpOeHH$I.

PaCCMOTpHM opHaMeHT H3 paCTHTeJIhHhIX cpOpM. Onpe,ll;eJIHBWHCh, KaKo:n: 6Y,ll;eT KOMn03HD;H$I - CTaTHlIHOH: HJIH ,Il;HHaMHlIHOH - aauHeM pa60TaTh Ha,ll; H306pameHHeM

90

MOTHBOB, H3 KOTOPhIX OHa BhICTpaBBaeTC$I (pHC. 104).

IIpH pa60Te HM aCKH3HhIMH aapaCOBKaMH MOTHBa (aanpasrep, UBeTKa) He06xo,ll;HMO 06paTHTh BHHMaHHe aa xapaxrepasre, HaH60JIee $IpKHe ero oc06eHHocTH, OTKaaaBWHCh OT BTOpOCTeneHHhIX ,Il;eTaJIeH:. IIpH aTOM xaparcrepasre oc06eHHOCTH UBeTKa MoryT 6hITh MaKCHMaJIhHO YTPHPOB8.HhI H ,Il;OBe,ll;eHhI.,Il;O 3HaKOBOCTH.

!CaKHM me 06pa30M MomHO MeH$lTh CPOPMY 06'heKTa? !C npasaepy, eCJIH KOJIOKOJIhlIHK HMeeT y,ll;JIHHeHHylO CPOPMY, ee MomHO BhIT$lHYTh

PMC.104.CTMnM38~MRopHaMeHTanbHWX MOTHBOS

60JIee aKTHBHO, a n;BeTOK O~YBaH~Hxa, npH6JIHmeHHWH no cpopMe K RPYry, MomHO MaRCHMaJIbHO oxpyrJIHTh.

Baacao T8lCme 06paTHTb BHHMaHHe aa paxype Ha06pamaeMoro 06'beRTa. IIpH CTaTH~HOH KOMII03Hn;HH nenecoo6pa3Hee H36eraTb paaBopOTOB B TpH 'IeTBepTH, a HCnOJIb30BaTb BH~ esepxy HJIH C60KY, pacnonaraa MOTHB no BepTHKaJIbHOH WIH ropH30HTaJIbHOH OCSIM (pHC. 105, A).

B ,D;HHaMH"<IHOH KOMn03HnHH paaYMHee HCnOJIb30BaTh paKypCbI H naKJIOHW (pHC. 105, B).

B npon;ecce ,D;eKOpaTHBHoro H306- paaceaaa MOTHBa B03MO)KHO CBo6o,n;Hoe otipameaae He TOJIhKO C paaxePaMH SJIeMeHTOB, HO H C H3MeHeHHeM npOIIOpn;HH, eC.JIH AaHHa.H ,n;ecpopMan;HS: orrpaBAaHa ROMn03Hn;HOHHOH n;eJIbIO, npaaaer Bwpa3HTeJIbHOCTb H OCTPOTY·

A. CT8TH'IH8R KOMno3H/..lHR

5 . .llHHBMH'maR KOMn03j.1/..lHJ1

PMc.105

TIPH ,ZJ;eKopaTHBHoii TpaHc«l>opManHH H306pa.)KaeMOrO MOTHBa Ba.)KHeiimee 3Ha~eHHe HMelOT re ~acTKH CPOPMbI, rAe ecrs HarH6hI Ii H3JIOMbl. HMeHHO OHH 6YAYT .HBJIHThCSI MeeTaMH AJI.H npeonpaaoaaaaa, ocooeaao npa AocTHmeHHH a$cpeKTa CTaTHKH Ii ~HHaMHKH B OpH8.MeHTaJIbHOM nocrpoenaa.

IJ;BeT H KOJIOPHT opHaMeHTaJIbHOH KOMII03HIJ;HH Tome noanescar npe- 06paaOBaHHIO. OH MomeT 6hITb ycJIOBHbIM, COBepweHHO OTBJIe~eHHhIM OT HaTypaJIbHOrO sapaaara HJlH aapaaee 3a,D;YMaHHblM.

H306pameHHe mHBOTHbIX B opaaMeHTe TaK.)Ke Tpe6yeT crrpeneaeaaca YCJIOBHOCTH nepenaxa (pHC. 106). H3JIHWHee HaCWm;eHHe .n;eTa.JIJlMH 6y.n;eT MewaTb ne.JIhHOCTH CllJIyaT8 H YCJIOmH.HTb o6m;ee aocnpaarae ROMII03HD;HH. :ffi:eJIaTeJIbHO, "<ITo6w CHJIY- 9T He 6hIJl C.JIHillKOM H3pe3aH H BIIH-

91

PMC. 106. BapMaHTbI CTMflM3a4HM M306paJKeHMR 6a6ol.4K111

ChIBaJIC$I B npoersre reOMeTpINeCKUe cpuryphI. IIpHpo,n;H8JJ CPOPM8 ,n;OJIHCaa IIpH06peT8Th YCJIOBHo-,n;eKopaTHBHhIH CMblCJI. npa aTOM B O,n;HOM II TOM me MOTHBe IIPaB.n;HBOCTh R306- paseeaaa MomeT C01JeTaThCa C 3JIeMeHTaMH MHcpOJIOrINeCKOii YCJIOBHOCTH (pRC. 107).

IIpH paapafio-rxe opaarsea-ransnoro MOTHBa 06'heMHO-lipocTpaHCTBeHHYIO CPOPMY IJ,eJIeC006pa3Ho npespama'rs B IIJIOCKOCTHYIO; IIpH He06xo.n;HMOCTH me 06'heMHOrO H306-

92

PMC. 107. YCflOBHOCTb B M306pallCeHMM MOTHBa

paaeeaaa 06HaaTeJIhHO HCnOJIh30- BaTh 0606:w;eHH$I, YCJIOBHOCTH.

BOJIhmOrO MacTepcTB8 B CTHJIHaarraa 0pHaMeHTaJIbHhIX MOTHBOB ,n;ocTHrJIB erHIITH.He. Hx IIPoH3Be,n;eHHH rrpeztezrsno JI8KOHH"IHhI H BhIp83HTeJIhHhI KaN rro CHJIy3TY, TaK R no. D;BeToBbIM pemeHH$lM. B HHX o.n;HoBpeMeHHo rrpHcYTcTByIOT ycJIOBHOCTL H306pameHHH H y3HaBaeMOCTL 06'heKTOB, STO HpKRe, ztercopaTHBHhIe, a8lIOMHHaIO:W;HecH otipaasr (pRC. 108).

PMC. 10S. C'ntnHs8qMR B erMneTCKMX MOTMBax

93

AeKopaTMBHaR CTMnM3aLl,MR B H8TIOpMOpTe

»\aHp HaTIOpMOpT H8.H6oJIee noKa3aTeJIeH H MHOroo6pa3eH B rraaae H3yqeHluI npH3HaKOB ,n;eKOpaTHBHOH CTHJIH3a~HH. B HeM pa60TaJIH MHOrHe 60JIbmHe MaCTepa, H HCTOPHH MHpOBoro HCKYCCTBa ~aeT HaM MHO~eCTBO pasnootipaaasrx no caoen CTHJIHCTHKe 0t)pa3~OB .n;eKopaTHBHOro aarropaopra.

Hamopsrops' - maHp H306pa3HTeJIbHOrO HCKyccTBa, nOKa3bIB8lOm;HH pa3JI~HbIe npe.n;MeTbI, Opr8HH30BaHnsre B e.n;HHyro rpynny. CneD;H$HKa maupa noztpaayxesaer rroasnneaaoe BHHMaHHe xy,n;O~HHKa K CTpYKType 06'bE!MOB, <paKType rrOBepXHOCTH npenMeTOB H xapaKTepy HX npOCTpaHCTBeHHhlX COOTHomeHHH.

PaCCMOTpHM, KaK petnana 3TH aonpocsr xy.n;O~HHKH, patio'raanrae B .n;eKopaTHBHoH MaHepe. AsTOP MO~eT C03,n;aTh B HaTIOpMopTe CJIO~HhlH 06pa3, HMeIOm;HH onpeaeneaaoe 3HatIeHHe, KaK, aanpaxep, nerporpaztcrcae aarropsroprsr K. IlerposaBo.n;KUHa, 060CTpeHHble rro nOCTaHOBKe H KOMn03HD;HH, BKJIlOqalOm;He B cefia $HJIOco$CKoe OCMbICJIeHHe COBpeMeHHOCTH.

Macrepa $oBH3Ma (A. Maracc,

A. Ilepea) IIIJIH 110 nyra BbIHBJIeHH.H nexopa THBHO-3KcnpeCCHOHHCTHQeCKHX B03Mo»CHocTeH :U;BeTa H <paKTYpsr, HC110JIb3Y.H aKTHBHbIe COQeTaHHH OCHOBHbIX IJ;BeTOB H COQHbIe $aKTypmae Ma3KH.

,l1;JUI HaTlOpMopTOB A. JIeHTYJIOBa,

P. ~aJIhKa, H. Toaaapoaoa xapaxrepea KyJIbT e.n;HHCTBa <l>OPMhI H nsera,

94

nponecc aarepnperanaa, CTHJIH3a:U;HH aarypsr B HX aarsopxoprax H.n;eT B aTOM HanpaBJIeHHH.

IIpe.n;CTaBIITeJIH Ky6H3Ma (TI. TIHxacco, m. Bpax) CTpeMMJIHCb yrsep.n;HTb HOBbIe MeTo.n;bI rrepeztaxa npoCTpaHCTBa H <pOPMbI, HCnOJIb3YH aHaJiHTHQeCKHH c11oc06 asofipaaceHHH npenxeros pa3JIo»ceHHeM HX aa npocreamae reoxerpaaecrcae 06'beMbI, (CBcRpbIBa.H'; HX BHyTpeHHIOIO CTPYKTypy. IJ;BeT B aarropsroprax Ky6I1CTOB, BhI,Il;eJI.HH oT,n;eJIbHble rpaHI! npe.n;MeTa, O,ll;HOBpeMeHHO H YCIIJII!BaeT, H .n;po6l1T 06'beM, npanaaaa XOJICTaM ,lI;eKOpaTHBHoe HaqaJIO If npeapamaa HX B xpacoxnsre nJIOCKOCTHbIe naHHO. Tlaxacco C03.n;aJI cePRIO HaTIOpMopTOB, B ROTOPbIX crpeMHJIC.H K qHCTOTe npocreanrax <l>OPM, MaKCHMaJIbHO yrrpomaa rrpe.n;MeTbI. OH I!306peJI crporo OpNIHH30B3HHYIO cHcTeMY rrJIOCKHX IJ;BeTOBbIx IUITeH, B3aHMOCB.H33HHbIX I! Tm;aTeJIbHbIM 06p330M pacnpeztenaesasrx aa rrJIOCKOCTH XOJICTa. HCrrOJIh30BaHHe MO.n;Hq,HKa:U;HH B BH.n;e 4>aKTYPHblX 11.HTeH npHBo.n;HJIH K ,I1;0110JIHHTeJIbHbIM ~BeToBblM a<p<peKTaM (pHC. 109).

¢tOBHCTbl, rrpOTeCTYJI rrpOTHB xyzto~ecTBeHHblX Tpa.n;I!~HH XIX B., C03,11;aBaJIH KOJIOpHCTHqeCKlIe KOHTpaCTbI HHTeHCHBHbIX II.fITeH H OCTphIe ROMrr03HIl;HOHHbIe PHTMhl, Q3CTO oepamaJICb K (CrrpHM1:ITIIBHOMY,;, a TaK~e cpenaesexososry 1:1 BOCTOqHOMY HCKyCCTBY. HaTlOpMOpTbI Maracca - O,l1;HOro H3 JIH,D;epOB <pOBH3M3 - OTJIHq8lOTca H3bICKaHHOH HapJI,I1;HOCTbIO qHCTOH

D;BeTOBOB: raMMLI. MY3LIK8JThHOCTl>IO JIHHeHHhlX PHTMOB .H nOJIBoB:. KOMIIO- 3HIUlOHHOH H ,lI;eKOpaTHBHOB: cononTIHHeHHOCTl>IO Bcex KOMnOHeHTOB (pUC. 110).

~eKopaTUBHLIe HaTIOpMopTLI

H. Manncoaa 6hlJIU C03,l1;aHLI non BJIHHHBeM Ky6HCTOB H ~OBHCTOB. XY,lI;omHRK aKTHBHO npHMeHHeT D;BeTOBhIe H ~aKTYPHbIe cpencrsa, nepenasaa nJIaCTK'IeCKYIO JKH3HI> npe,ll;MeTa B cpezre , npeYBeJIHQHBaeT pa3Mephl 06'l>eKTOB ,lI;J1J1 AOCTHJKeSUH a~~eKTa 3peJIOCTH, THmeCTH D;BeTOBoro nJI O,ll; a , nOJll>3yeTcH 8KcnpeccaeH KOHTYpHorO pacyaxa II COTIHOH MaHepOB: n.HCl>Ma (pRC. 111).

KaR H Mamxoa, ,lI;J1H YTBepJK,lI;eHHX ,lI;eKOpaTHBHOCTH B. KycTO,ll;HeB HCnOJll>3yeT B HaTIOpMopTax coxeraHHH TIHCTI>IX OTKpLITbIX D;BeTOB: JKeJIroro, xpacaoro, caaero, aeneaoro. OH n.HCaJI: •••• ECJlH MeHX TITO H npaanexaer, TaR 3TO p;eKopaTHBHOCTI>. KOMn03HD;HH H KapTHHa, aarracaaHaH He HaTypaJlI>HO, a YCJlOBHOKpaCHBO!) (pHC. 112).

O"leHI> ,lI;eKOpaTHBHbJ npa3,l1;HB"<Iasre no KOJlOPHTY HaTIOpMopThl M. Capsmra, HaXO,ll;HBmerOCH non BJIHHHHeM A. MaTHcca H II. Toreaa. «He06xo,ll;HMo n060pOTl> B ce6e IIlKOJIY, cepyro H HaBH3"<1HBYIO, H HaRTH CBOIO co6CTBeHHYIO TeXHHKY, He nOJIh3YXCh TIYJKHM • .H CTaJI HCKaTh rrpoxasre rrpoersre <pOPMLI H KpaCKH ,lI;J1H nepenaxa JKRBOn.HCHOI'O cymeCTBa,ll;eHCTBHTeJIl>HOCTH. MOJlD;eJll>npOCTLIMB Cpe,ll;CTBaMH, H36erax BCXKOH HarpOMo.m,ll;eHHOCTH, ,lI;OCTHrHYTb Han60JlbmeR Bhlpa3HTeJlbHOCTH, B rra-

PMc.109.n.nMKacco.HaT~pMopT M3 nnOCKMX LlBeTOBbiX mlTeH

CTHOCTH, H36aBHTbCH OT xosmpoMHCCHhlX nOJIYTOHOB!) , - YTBepm,ll;aJI xyp;omHHK. B TBOpTIeCKOM MeTO,ll;e M. Capsaaa OTpa3HJlHCb aexoropsre npHHD;HnbI Cpe,ll;HeBeROBOB: apMHHCRoB: MHHHaTlOpbl H MOayMeHTaJIbHOH .mHBonHCH, o606m;eHHoro CHJlyaTHO- 1'0 pHCyaKa.

Macro pa60TaBIIIHH B 06JIaCTH HaTIOpMopTa A. KynPHH 6JIH30K R Ry6HcTaM: aarypa 11306pamaeTCH y Hero TaR, "<IT06bI 6blJla XCRa ee reoMeTpH"'leCRaX rrepBOOCHOBa_ IIpe)J.MeTLI BhlnOJIHeHhl ynpomenao, cxeMaTII"'l.HO. KOHTYPhl II 06'beMbI HX npenensao JIaKOHWlHbl. XY,ll;OmHHK napynraer <pOPMbl npenxera, C.mHMaeT, nonseyerca 60JIbmOMH llJIOCKOCTHMH, IlJIaHLI HaCJI.aHBaIOTCH .n;pyr aa ,lI;pyra, JIHmb HaMeKaH aa I'JIy6HHy. Crpcsaaeaae K 0606ID;eHHIO CBOHCTBeHHO HaTlOpMOpTaM A. KyrrpHHa H B D;BeToBOM pemeaaa KapTHHl>I, ee

95

PMC. 110. CTMnM30B8HHwe HaTtOpMOpTW A. MaTMcca

o6W;aJI rapMoHHH YCTaHaBJIHBaeTCH aapanee, IIO,n;qUHHH ace, ,I1;eKopaTHBBOCT:b H IIpe,ZJ;HaMepeHHaJI IIJIOCKOCTHOCT:b KOMIIOaHIJ;HH, 'tJHCThIe, aaor,ZJ;a HeCKOJI:bKO YTPnpoBaHHhIe IJ;BeTa, pesxoe ynpomeane KOHTypa, rrpoCTOTa IPOPM - xasecraa, KOTOp:bIe B CHBTeae pa60TaIOT aa CTBJI:b aaropa (pRc.113).

OaHaKOMRBillHCh C HacJIe,u;HeM HeCKOJIbKID{ H8li60JIee HpKnx H CTaBmHX KJIaCCRKaMD Xy,n;O:mHHKOB, nocrapaeMCH BhI,ZJ;eJIHTh HaH60JIee Ba:mHhIe npneM:bI ,n;JIJI ,ZJ;OCTu:meHHH csoero CTHJIH B HaTfOpMop-re. MO:mHO IIPOCJIe,u;HTb

96

3TO H na patiorax CTy,n;eHTOB. 06yqaJICh. OHH O,ZJ;HOBpeMeHHO ,n;eMOHCTPUPYIOT MHoroo6pa3He nozrxonos K CTUJIU3aD;UH, xoropoe OCHOBhIBaeTCJI aa HH,ZJ;HBH,u;yaJI.bHOCTR Ka:m,u;oro, ero co6cTBeHHoM YMeHHD yBH.,u;eTh xpacory H ,u;OBeCTD ee zro e,u;HHoH CTPOHHOH CHCTeMbI, RCnOJIhaYJI naKOIIJIeHH:bIe 3HaHHJI U TBOpqeCKRH IIOTeRIJ;UaJI •

"tJTo6bI .B ,u;eKopaTRBHOM aarropMopTe COCTOHJIaCb CTHJUI3aD;HH, OR ,u;OJI:meR craesars He TOJIhKO YCJIOBHOCTJIM, xaparerepasrx ,u;JIH ,n;eKopaTHBHoro HCKYCCTBa, a 6:bITh BbICTPO-

1. Ynpa)l(HeHHSI Ha opraHH3a~HIO KOMn03H~HOHHoro uearpa •

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