TITLE : FUNDAMENTALS OF STATICS

INTRODUCTION OF STRUCTURE

 Fundamentals of statics is one of the elements in mechanics physics

 It can be define as a branch that can maintain several mechanical substances.
 A mechanical substances that been used must have their own specification.
 The right specification may result of a long time usage of fundamentals of
statics.

THEORY

Statics can be divided into 3 catagories that is:

 Vectors and Forces

 Free-Body diagram
 Equilibrium

VECTOR AND STATICS

 A solid understanding of VECTORS is a must in the topics of Statics and

Strength of Materials. Vectors are used to describe the magnitude and
direction of Forces and Torques/Moments. In many cases, it is
necessary to transform or reduce vectors into a convenient coordinate
system. For instance, the force at right, F, can be broken into its x and y
components:
o F x =F cos θ∧F y =F sin θ
 Graph shown below is how the equation above indicates

Fy

Fx
FREE – BODY DIAGRAMS

The proper construction of FREE-BODY DIAGRAMS (FBDs) is the first and most
important step in solving a Strength of Materials problem. The following steps are
involved in constructing FBDs:

 Clearly ISOLATE the part(s) of the system that you are interested in
analyzing from its surroundings; visualize or actually draw a boundary
between the body of interest and its surroundings.
 IDENTIFY and REPRESENT ALL EXTERNAL FORCES (and moments)
acting on the body - the forces that act across the boundary; include weight
when comparable to the applied forces;
 Include a coordinate axis and the dimensions on the diagram for
convenience in applying equilibrium equations and communicating geometry.
 The diagram should be free of clutter and extensive information. The
forces, moments and dimensions are the primary information required.
 To help illustrate the construction of a FBD, take for example the rear
suspension of the mountain bike below:
EQUILIBLIUM

 Once a FBD of a system is constructed, to identify the magnitude and direction

of the forces, it is necessary to apply the concepts and conditions of STATIC
EQUILIBRIUM. A body in static equilibrium is not accelerating, so the forces
and moments acting on it must be in balance (sum to zero in all directions).
The equations of static equilibrium require that the following conditions be
satisfied
 The sum of the forces in any given direction is zero (3-dimensions):
o Fx = 0 ;     FY = 0 ;     Fz = 0

 The sum of the moments about any given point in a plane (about any axis
perpendicular to that plane) must also be zero (3-dimensions):
o Mx = 0 ;     My = 0 ;     Mz = 0

 In 2-dimensions, three equilibrium equations are required. When the object is

in the x-y plane, one of the following three forms may be used:

Fx = 0 Fx = 0 Mz,A = 0

FY = 0  Mz,A = 0 Mz,B = 0

Mz = 0 Mz,B = 0 Mz,C = 0

Sum of forces in x, and in where Points A and B are where A, B and C are
y, and the sum of two different points three different points, not
moments about any point all on the same line
equals zero