MEDIUM

OF
VISUAL ARTS
 
 Medium
It refers to the material which is used by an artist. It is the
means of by which she communicates idea.

Media is the Plural form

 Painting
Sculpture
Architecture
A. Painting
It is the art of creating meaningful effects
on flat surface by the use pigments.
The materials of the painter are pigments
applied to wet plaster, canvas, wood or
paper.
Pigments can come from minerals,
vegetables mater, coal tars and other
chemical combination.
1. Oil
It has been used since 15th Century
 
Two methods of Painting in Oil
 Direct
The paints are opaque and are applied to the surface just
as they are to look in the finished product.
 Indirect
The paint is applied in many thin layers of transparent
color. It is more flexible

Well known Filipino Painters

 Carlos “Botong” Francisco (Maria Makiling)
 Norma Belleza (Sari-Sari, 1979)
Maria Makiling
The Mona Lisa is one of the most recognizable artistic paintings in the Western world.
Made by Leonardo Da Vinci
Family Series by Norma Belleza
2. Tempera
It is a mixture of ground pigments and an
albuminous or colloidal vehicle, egg, gum or glue.

Examples : Resurrection with two Angels by Bernadino

Fungai and Segma di Bonaventura’s Majesty
 
Three Principals Dimension of Tempera
Unvarnished or Gouache-like Tempera
Simplest to use
Varnished Tempera
It is an Advantage
Tempera as under painting for oil
The Last Supper by Leonardo de Vinci tempera on gesso 1452-1519
3. Watercolor
The pigments are mixed with water and applied to fine
white paper.
Opaque watercolor is called “gouache”
Opaque (adj.) Not reflecting light; having no luster
 
4. Pastel
It is an art medium in the form of a stick, consisting of
pure powdered pigment and a binder.
 
5. Fresco
The color are mixed with water and applied to fresh
plaster which absorbs the color. In Italian it means “fresh”
and is used to designate the process of painting in fresh
wet plaster.
 Jean Baptiste Simeon Chardin Self Portrait in pastel 1771,
The Louvre.

A bravura pastel portrait of Louis XV by Maurice

Quentin de La Tour, 1748

Rosalba Carriera. Self-portrait of Italian painter Rosalba Carriera holding a portrait of her sister. 1715.
Pastel on paper. Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence.
Fresco

Ceiling Mosaic of the Arian Baptistry

Ravenna , Italy (5th century).
Fresco by Dionisius epresenting Saint
Nicholas n the Ferapontov Monastery

Dante Domenico di Michelino's Divine

Comedy in Duomo of Florence
 Disadvantages
 It is almost impossible to move a fresco
 The painting is subject to the disasters that may happen to
the wall of which it has become a part.

6. Acrylic
Synthetic Paints using acrylic emulsion as binder. They
Combine the transparency and quick-drying qualities of
watercolor and are as the flexible as oil.

Example Mario Parial “Sisa”

Rodolfo Paras perez “Anting-Anting”
Jose Joya “Blue Odyssey”
 
Fluorescent acrylic paints lit by UV lig
B. Sculpture
It is three-dimensional artwork created by shaping or combining
hard and/or plastic material, sound, and/or text and or light,
commonly stone (either rock or marble), metal, glass, or wood
Two Major Processed Used
 Subtractive
It is a process in which the unwanted material is cut away
Example Carving of Stone and wood
 Additive
It is a Construction of a figure by putting together bits of clay or
by welding together parts of metal.

Two types of Sculpture (in general)

 Relief-- It refers to figures which are attached to a ground
Example the relief of “Stela of Akhenaten”
 Free-Standing -- Example UP Oblation by Guillermo
Tolentino in 1949 made of bronze and stone
1. Stone and Bronze
 Stone is durable, resistant to the elements, fire and other
hazards; it is heavy and breaks easily. Marble is the most
beautiful of stones.
 Example “Pieta” by Michael Angelo
“Head of Ptolemy VI”
 
 Bronze is a metal alloy consisting primarily of copper,
usually with tin as the main additive, but sometimes with
other elements such as phosphorus, manganese,
aluminum, or silicon.
2. Wood
 It is cheap, readily available and easy to cut.
 Wood carving as folk art is popular in the towns of Paete
and Pakil in Laguna and in Betis Pampangga.
 Artist Michelangelo Year 1499 Type Marble Dimensions
174 cm × 195 cm (68.5 in × 76.8 in) Location St. Peter's
Basilica
3. Ivory
It is a hard, smooth, yellowish-white substance
composed primarily of dentin that forms the tusks of
the elephant.

4. Terra Cotta
The result is usually referred to as “terra cotta” which
literally means “cooked earth”
 
5. Other Materials
Metals aluminum, chromium, steel, plastics
chemically treated clay and stone for casting in liquid
are now being used.
 Rare terracotta image of Isis
lamenting the loss of Osiris
(Eighteenth Dynasty, Egypt) Musée
du Louvre , Paris

A terracotta sculpture of Hanuman in India.

The reddish color is due to iron oxide in the
source clay. Clays with low iron content can
result in paler colors on firing, ranging from
white to yellow
C. Architecture

It is the art of designing and

constructing a building.
 
Primary Purpose:
To fulfill a need that led to its creation
 Materials
 Stone
It Is the material used in most of the great
architecture of the world where permanence is desired.
 Wood
It is the common building material today. Its
advantages are its abundance, relative durability, and high
tensile compression strength.
 Steel
It is a tough alloy of iron in variable amounts.
 Concrete
 Brick
 Glass
 Plastic Materials
 San Juanico Bridge
Samar Leyte

Manila Hotel
 Dubai

UAE Hotel in
Sharjah

flyover
**Durability and Beauty
are also other factors
often considered in the
choice of materials.
 Types of Construction

Post-and-Lintel
It consists of two vertical posts for support
(post) and a horizontal one (lintel)
Example Parthenon in Athens, Greece

 
Arch
It is a architectural form built from
pieces of wood called voussoirs with
joints between them and are arranged in
a semi-circle.
Cantilever
It is a any Structural part projecting
horizontally and anchored at one end only.