GUESS WHAT?

_X__EN
OXYGEN
B___TH___
BREATHING
WHAT PICTURE
HIDDEN HERE?
 RESPIRATION

The Regulatory Mechanism in

Respiration
 Recall back….
What are structure A and B?
B
A

O2

CO2

What is “Partial Pressure”?

 The difference between the partial
pressure of oxygen and carbon
dioxide in the air of the alveoli and
in the blood capillaries
Gas Partial Pressure Effects
Air in the Blood
alveoli capillaries
Oxygen Oxygen diffuse
from the ……
…………. …………. into the ……

Carbon Carbon dioxide

diffuse from the
dioxide …………. …………. …… into the
……
 Answer …..
Gas Partial Pressure Effects
Air in the Blood
alveoli capillaries
Oxygen Oxygen diffuse
from the alveoli
High Low into the blood
capillaries
Carbon Carbon dioxide
diffuse from the
dioxide Low High blood capillaries
into the alveoli
 Transport of oxygen from lung to
body cell
1. Oxygen in the blood that leaves the
a……. is transported to body cells for
cellular r………..
2. Oxygen is then combines with a pigment
called h……….. which is contained in the
red blood cells.
3. Oxygen is carried in the form of o………..
to all parts of the body.
 Answer……
1. Oxygen in the blood that leaves the
alveolus is transported to body cells for
cellular respiration.
2. Oxygen is then combines with a pigment
called haemoglobin which is contained in
the red blood cells.
3. Oxygen is carried in the form of
oxyhaemoglobin to all parts of the body.
 Transport of carbon dioxide from
body cells to lungs
• Carbon dioxide released by body cells
can be transported in three ways:

1. As d…………. carbon dioxide in the

blood plasma.
2. Combines with haemoglobin as
c…………………..
3. Transported in the blood in the form of
b…………….. i…
 Answer…….
1. As dissolve carbon dioxide in the blood
plasma.

2. Combines with haemoglobin as

carbaminohaemoglobin.

3. Transported in the blood in the form of

bicarbonate ions.
 New Topic……
The Regulation Mechanism in
Respiration

• The relationship between the rate of

respiration and oxygen and carbon dioxide
contents
 During vigorous exercise

Rate of respiration
Explain the change
Breathing rate of each rate and
the contents of oxygen
Heartbeat rate and carbon dioxide
in human body.

Ventilation rate
 During vigorous exercise

Rate of respiration
Oxygen content decrease, carbon dioxide content increase.

Cell need more oxygen and glucose for cellular respiration.

Rate of respiration increase.

Breathing rate
Oxygen content increase, carbon dioxide content decrease.

Inflate lung with more oxygen with each breath.

Breathing rate increase.

Heartbeat rate
Oxygen content increase, carbon dioxide content decrease.

To pump more blood into circulation.

Heartbeat rate increase.

Ventilation rate
Oxygen content increase, carbon dioxide content decrease.

Gaseous exchange between alveoli and blood capillary

increase.

Ventilation rate increase.

• The human respiratory response and rate of
respiration in different situation.

Situation Respiratory response

1. Resting -respiration rate

-breathing rate
-heartbeat rate
-ventilation rate

2. Vigorous activity
3. In fear
4. Climbing a mountain
 During resting
• respiration rate normal
• breathing rate in normal range, 16 to 18 breath per
minute
• heartbeat rate between 60 to 70 beats per minute
• ventilation rate
 During vigorous activity
• respiration rate increase
• breathing rate increase, 30 breaths per minute
• heartbeat rate increase, 120 beats per minute
• ventilation rate increase
• Enable the blood to deliver more oxygen and glucose to
the cells, carbon dioxide remove from the cell at faster
rate
 When people in fear
• Adrenal glands secrete the hormone adrenaline
• So breathing rate increase
• heartbeat rate increase, more glucose and oxygen are
supplied to the muscles
• respiration rate increase to produce more energy for the
person cope during moment of distress
 When climbing a mountain
• As altitude increase , atmospheric
pressure decrease.
• Partial pressure of oxygen decrease, this
cause a drop in oxygen level in the blood
• Breathing become difficult, person
experience headaches,
nausea and dizziness
-after a few days, body will become
acclimatize to the condition
 • The regulatory mechanism of carbon
dioxide contents in the body

Respiratory centre located in

Medula Oblongata

Central chemoreceptor is a
specific cell which found in the
respiratory centre
Complete the regulatory.

1. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide

……………….
2. Higher carbon dioxide concentration level in
blood result in …………….
3. Central chemoreceptor detect the ………..
4. Respiratory centre send nerve impulse to
………….
5. The respiratory muscle …………
6. Breathing and ventilation rate ……..
7. Excess carbon dioxide ………..
• The regulatory mechanism of oxygen
contents in the body

Peripheral chemoreceptor
are consist of carotid body
and aortic body.

They are located at wall of

aorta arch and carotid arteries
in the neck.
Complete the regulatory

1. At very high altitude, concentration of

oxygen ………….
2. Peripheral chemoreceptor ……………
3. Respiratory centre send nerve impulse to
…………….
4. Breathing and ventilation rate ………….
5. More oxygen inhaled and oxygen
concentration ………………..