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Penanggulangan ISPA
Penanggulangan ISPA
Penanggulangan ISPA
1
Januari 2005, First Draft
Penanggulangan ISPA
Pengelolaan Program Pemberantasan
Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut di
Puskesmas Kabupaten Bengkulu Utara
Edi Rosdy,
Kristiani
Background: Acute Respiration Infection (ARI) still considered as one of the main causes
of mortality and morbidity of children under five years old in Indonesia, included in the
district of North Bengkulu. All of the health centers in North Bengkulu have done ARI
disease control on program for children under five years old, but the coverage of
pneumonia finding is still low (65,2%), less than national target (86%). The perform-
ance of health center that is valued from stratification result varies from good, aver-
age to bad. The aim of this research was to find out the management of ARI disease
control program in health center with performance and pneumonia coverage high,
medium and low.
Method: This was an observational research that used cross sectional design as well as
qualitative and quantitative approaches. The subjects of this research was 3 heads of
Health center, 3 Health Care Providers of ARI disease control program, 3 Health Care
Providers of treatment institution in the health center and all Health Care Providers in
each health center as well as head of disease control program division and head of
disease and environmental control program sub division. Variable being examined
was input variable that consist of officer, facility, funding and program policy of ARI
disease control program of children under five years old, process variable that consist
of planning (P1), movement of realization (P2) and observation, control and measure-
ment (P3) as well as output variable with coverage of ARI P2 program and officer’s
compliance level toward case implementation. Research instruments were questioner;
interview guidance, observation and document check lists.
Result: The availability and sufficiency of input in the health center with high work
performance was sufficient, health center with medium work performance was less
sufficient and the health center with low work performance was very insufficient. The
process of ARI disease control on program for children under five years old that con-
sisted of P1, P2 and P3 in the health center with high work performance has already
well implemented, in the health center with medium work performance was not all of
the process has been implemented and in the health center with low work performance
indicated that almost most of the process was not yet implemented. The coverage of
pneumonia in children under five years old in the health center with high work per-
formance was over the target, the coverage of pneumonia patient in the health center
with medium work performance was low and primary health care with low work per-
formance had very insufficient pneumonia patient coverage.
1
District Health Office, North Bengkulu
2
Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta
Kesimpulan
Ketersediaan dan ketercukupan input (SDM, sarana, dana dan
metode) di Puskesmas Pekik Nyaring memadai, sedangkan di
Puskesmas Kembangseri kurang memadai dan di Puskesmas D6
Ketahun sangat kurang memadai.
Proses pelaksanaan program P2 ISPA balita yang meliputi P1, P2 dan
P3 di Puskesmas Pekik Nyaring (kinerja tinggi) sudah dilaksanakan
dengan baik. Puskesmas Kembangseri (kinerja sedang) belum
melaksanakan semua proses dengan baik terutama dokumentasi
uraian tugas pengelola program tidak melakukan survailans sehingga
perencanaan kurang didukung oleh data yang lengkap. Puskesmas D6
Ketahun (kinerja rendah) sebagian besar proses belum dilaksanakan.
Cakupan penemuan penderita pneumonia balita di Puskesmas Pekik
Nyaring (kinerja tinggi) tertinggi (melebihi target), sedangkan di
Puskesmas Kembangseri (kinerja sedang) cakupan penderita
pneumonia rendah (lebih rendah dari target) dan Puskesmas D6
Ketahun (kinerja rendah) cakupan penderita pneumonia sangat kurang
(jauh lebih rendah dari target).
Saran
Kepada Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Bengkulu Utara diharapkan
lebih memperhatikan bidang kesehatan dengan meningkatkan
anggaran untuk kegiatan program, termasuk program P2 ISPA Balita.
Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Bengkulu disarankan untuk mengadakan
pelatihan dan pembinaan agar kemampuan petugas meningkat,
termasuk kepatuhan petugas terhadap standar pelayanan. Dinas
kesehatan juga perlu melengkapi alat ARI meter dan menyediakan
formulir pelaporan dan register. Pengawasan obat perlu ditingkatkan
agar penggunaan dana dapat dihemat dan digunakan untuk kegiatan
program.
Kepala Puskesmas perlu meningkatkan pembinaan dan bimbingan
teknis serta supervisi terhadap petugas dengan mengoptimalkan mini
lokakarya bulanan. Selain itu, Pencatatan dan pelaporan program P2
ISPA perlu ditingkatkan di wilayah kerja puskesmas.
Daftar Pustaka
1. Depkes RI, 2002, Pedoman Pemberantasan Penyakit Infeksi Salu-
ran Pernapasan Akut untuk Penanggulangan Pneumonia Balita, Ja-
karta.