Professional Documents
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Surviving Piracy and Armed Robbery (SPAR) : 02 September 2009
Surviving Piracy and Armed Robbery (SPAR) : 02 September 2009
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02 September 2009
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But what happens when the hardware does not prevent a hijacking?
Seafarers have thick skins……. but are often reluctant to seek help post-
trauma
Because of the diverse nature of seafarers, figures for Post Traumatic Stress
Disorder are hard to come by…. BUT…….
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Prevelence of PTSD
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http://oldsaltshaker.blogspot.com/2009/07/popeye-stress.html
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Analysing how many service personnel and veterans suffer from mental disorders is
difficult. Ian Palmer, a former lieutenant-colonel …… recently admitted: “We have no
idea of the size or scale of the problem.” Many servicemen and women often only
see a doctor years after the originating cause. The military stiff-upper-lip culture
does not help.
Every year 4,000 new mental disorders are diagnosed within the Armed Forces
(based on 2007 data), which may or may not be service-related. However, what is
known is that 180 service personnel develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
every year - a condition with proven links to experience on the battlefield…….
American studies, based on 2006 data, found that up to 19 per cent of US troops
returning from Iraq and Afghanistan had symptoms of PTSD…..
Anecdotal evidence suggests that more veterans are seeking help. Charities such
as Combat Stress are swamped with new referrals. Whatever the exact numbers,
health professionals agree that demand for mental healthcare is outpacing supply.
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The shipowner should be aware that the seafarer may suffer from trauma or similar
condition after being victimized under an attack from pirates or armed robbers. The
shipowner should offer advice from professionals if the seafarer wishes such
assistance. An important first step in reducing the risk from trauma is for masters to
debrief crew immediately after the attack or release of a vessel in order to get crew to
confront their experiences. An important second step is for counselling professionals
to debrief crew as soon as possible after the attack or release of the vessel in order to
assist the crew to manage their experiences. (para 94)
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What is SPAR?
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Why SPAR?
Developed as Advanced Security
Training (AST) for Maersk crews
operating in Nigeria and now covers
crews transiting troubled waters.
AST introduced 4 years ago and trained
approx 300 Maersk seafarers from all
over the world.
Is an aid to management to regain control
of the ship using onboard assets
Assists seafarers in dealing correctly
with an incident
Enables crew to help themselves when
help is at a premium
Lessens the long term effects of
PostTraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
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Target Group
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SPAR CONTENT
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Aim
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SPAR Survival
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SPAR Trainers
Training is delivered by and MTC Security Instructor and one (of two psychologists)
Lead Security Instructor Jon Davies MA, BA(Hons)
Over 24 years in the Royal Navy and over 10 years experience at sea
Extensive worldwide operational experience at sea and in military intelligence, including
war, peace support operations, counter piracy/narcotics/terrorism
Lead security instructor on ISPS, survival and crisis management
Psychologist Michael Linde Cand.psych., Aut.
Institute for Military Psychology (training, selection)
University of Copenhagen (teaching and training)
Falck Health Care A/S (ERT, crisis response & intervention)
SOS International A/S (CRT, consultancy)
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark (teaching, ERT)
Psychologist Ivan Doulgerof Cand.psych., Aut
Institute for Military Psychology (consultancy)
Special School of the Army (consultancy, training)
High Command of The Danish Defence (training)
Reserve Army Officer
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02 September 2009
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SPAR – CD-Rom
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PTSD
.
Criteria
The person has been exposed to a traumatic event in which both of the following:.
The person experienced, witnessed, or was confronted with an event or events that involved actual or threatened death or serious injury, or a threat to the physical integrity of self or
others
and
The person's response involved intense fear, helplessness, or horror. Note: In children, this may be expressed instead by disorganized or agitated behaviour.
The traumatic event is persistently re-experienced in one (or more) of the following ways:
Recurrent and intrusive distressing recollections of the event, including images, thoughts, or perceptions. Note: In young children, repetitive play may occur in which themes or
aspects of the trauma are expressed.
Recurrent distressing dreams of the event. Note: In children, there may be frightening dreams without recognizable content.
Acting or feeling as if the traumatic event were recurring (includes a sense of reliving the experience, illusions, hallucinations, and disassociative flashback episodes, including those
that occur upon awakening or when intoxicated). Note: In young children, trauma-specific re-enactment through play may occur.
Intense psychological distress at exposure to internal or external cues that symbolize or resemble an aspect of the traumatic event.
Physiological reactivity on exposure to internal or external cues that symbolise or resemble an aspect of the traumatic event.
Persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma and numbing of general responsiveness (not present before the trauma), as indicated by three (or more) of the following:
Persistent symptoms of increased arousal (not present before the trauma) as indicated by at least two of the following:
Difficulty falling or staying asleep.
Irritability or outbursts of anger.
Difficulty concentrating.
Hyper vigilance.
Exaggerated startle response.
The symptoms last for more than one month. The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational or other important areas of functioning.
02 September 2009