Department

Of
Computer Science & Engineering

Practical File

Digital Image Processing

SUBMITTED BY

Manish Kumar
Roll No.: - 0728710031
B.Tech. 4th Year
VIIth Semester

NARAINA COLLEGE OF ENGG. & TECH.

KANPUR-208020

2010-2011
 M@TL@B code to calculate negative
clear all
clc
aa=imread('saturn.tif');
a=double(aa);
c=255; %for a 8-bit image%
b=c-a;
figure(1)
colormap (gray)
imagesc(a)
figure(2)
colormap(gray)
imagesc(b)

Manish Kumar(0728710031) Dept. of Computer Science & Engg. Page 2

 Gray level slicing without background

clear all
clc
p=imread ('skull.tif');
z=double (p);
[row,col]=size(z)
for i=1:1:row
for j=1:1:col
if(z(i,j)>50))&&(z(i,j)<150))
z(i,j)=55;
else
z(i,j)=0;
end
end
end
figure(1); %.……………original image
imshow (P)
figure(2); %.....................gray level slicing without backgroun d
imshow(uint8(z))
colormap(gray)
imagesc(b)

Manish Kumar(0728710031) Dept. of Computer Science & Engg. Page 3

 Ideal low pass filter
clear all
clc
a=imread('cameraman.tif');
a=double(a);
c=size(a);
N=c(1)
Do=input('enter the value of the cutt-off frequency');
for u=1:1:c(1)
for v=1:1:c(2)
D= ((u-(N/2))^2+(v-(N/2))^2)^0.5
if D<0;
H(u,v)=1;
else
H(u,v)=0;
end
end
end
vv=fft2(a); %we could use our code%
vc=fftshift(vv); %we could use our code%
x=vc.*H;
X=abs(ifft2(x));

%Plotting%
figure(1), imshow(uint8(a));
figure(2),mesh(H)
figure(3),imshow(uint8(X))
figure(4),imagesc(H),colormap(gray)

Manish Kumar(0728710031) Dept. of Computer Science & Engg. Page 4

 Ideal high pass filter
clear all
clc
a=imread('cameraman.tif');
a=double(a);
[row col]=size(a);
set=input('enter the value of the cutt-off frequency');
for u=1:1:row
for v=1:1:col
D= ((u-(row/2))^2+(v-(col/2))^2)^0.5
if D<set;
H(u,v)=0;
else
H(u,v)=1;
end
end
end
vv=fft2(a);
vc=fftshift(vv);
x=(vc.*H);
X=abs(ifft2(x));
%Plotting%
figure(1), imshow(uint8(a));
figure(2),mesh(H)
figure(3),imshow(uint8(X))
figure(4),imagesc(H),colormap(gray)

Manish Kumar(0728710031) Dept. of Computer Science & Engg. Page 5

 Low pass butter worth filter
clear all
clc
a=imread('cameraman.tif');
a=double(a);
a=size(a);
n=c(1);
n= input('Enter the order of the filter');
D0=input('enter the value of the cutt-off frequency');
for u=1:1:c(1)
for v=1:1:c(2)
D= ((u-(N/2))^2+(v-(N/2))^2)^0.5;
H(u,v)=1/(1+((D/Do)^(2*n)))
end
end
vv=fft2(a); %we could use our code%
vc=fftshift(vv); %we could use our code%
x=vc.*H;
X=abs(ifft2(x));

%Plotting%
figure(1), imshow(uint8(a));
figure(2),mesh(H)
figure(3),imshow(uint8(X))
figure(4),imagesc(H),colormap(gray)

Manish Kumar(0728710031) Dept. of Computer Science & Engg. Page 6

 Program for boundary extraction
clear all
clc
a=imread('circlesm.tif');
a=double(a);
p=size(a);
w=[1 1 1;1 1 1;1 1 1];
for x=2:1:p(1)-1
for x=2:1:p(2)-1
a1=[w(1)*a(x-1,y-1) w(2)*a(x-1,y) w(3)*a(x-1,y+1) w(4)*a(x,y-1) w(5)*a(x,y)…
w(6)*a(x,y+1) w(7)*a(x+1,y-1) w(8)*a(x+1,y) w(9)*a(x+1,y+1)
A(x,y)=min(a1); %%erosion%%
sharp(x,y)=double(a(x,y))-double(A(x,y));
end
end
imshow(a)
figure,imshow(A)
figure,imshow(sharp)
% Normalization may be required

Manish Kumar(0728710031) Dept. of Computer Science & Engg. Page 7

 Prewitts operator
clear all
clc
aa=imread('test.tif');
a=double(aa);
[row col]=size(a);
w2=[-1 0 1; -1 0 1;1 0 1];
w1=[-1 -1 -1;0 0 0;1 1 1];

for x= 2: 1:row-1;
for y=2:1:col-1;
a1(x,y)=w1(1)*a(x-1,y-1)+w1(2)*a(x-1,y)+w1(3)*a(x-1,y+1)+w1(4)*a(x,y-1)
+w1(5)*a(x,y)+w1(6)*a(x,y+1)+w1(7)*a(x+1,y-1)+w1(8)*a(x+1,y)
+w1(9)*a(x+1,y+1);
a2(x,y)=w2(1)*a(x-1,y-1)+w2(2)*a(x-1,y)+w2(3)*a(x-1,y+1)+w2(4)*a(x,y-1)
+w2(5)*a(x,y)+w2(6)*a(x,y+1)+w2(7)*a(x+1,y-1) +w2(8)*a(x+1,y)
+w2(9)*a(x+1,y+1);
end
end
a3=a1+a2; %%the final gradient value%%
figure(1)
imshow(uint8(a1) %%the x-gradient image, normalisation might be required
figure(2)
imshow(uint8(a2) %%the y -gradient image%%
figure(3)
imshow(uint8(a3)

Manish Kumar(0728710031) Dept. of Computer Science & Engg. Page 8

 Sobel opoerator
clear all
clc
aa=imread('test.tif');
a=double(aa);
[row col]=size(a);
w2=[-1 -2 -1; 0 0 0; 1 2 1];
w1=[-1 0 -1; -2 0 -2; -1 0 1];

for x= 2: 1:row-1;
for y=2:1:col-1;
a1(x,y)=w1(1)*a(x-1,y-1)+w1(2)*a(x-1,y)+w1(3)*a(x-1,y+1)+w1(4)*a(x,y-1)
+w1(5)*a(x,y)+w1(6)*a(x,y+1)+w1(7)*a(x+1,y-1)+w1(8)*a(x+1,y)
+w1(9)*a(x+1,y+1);
a2(x,y)=w2(1)*a(x-1,y-1)+w2(2)*a(x-1,y)+w2(3)*a(x-1,y+1)+w2(4)*a(x,y-1)
+w2(5)*a(x,y)+w2(6)*a(x,y+1)+w2(7)*a(x+1,y-1) +w2(8)*a(x+1,y)
+w2(9)*a(x+1,y+1);
end
end
a3=a1+a2; %%the final gradient value%%
figure(1)
imshow(uint8(a1) %%the x-gradient image, normalisation might be required
figure(2)
imshow(uint8(a2) %%the y -gradient image%%
figure(3)
imshow(uint8(a3) %%Final gradient image, Normalisation might be required

Manish Kumar(0728710031) Dept. of Computer Science & Engg. Page 9

 Dilation and erosion of real images
clear all
clc
a=imread('circlesm.tif');
a=double(a);
p=size(a);
%%Using the inbuilt MATLAB function for comparision%%
s=strel('square',3);
d1=imdiate(a,s);
d2=imerode(a,s);
%%Writing our own program%%
w=[1 1 1;1 1 1;1 1] ;
%%structuring element%%
for x=2:1:p(1)-1
for x=2:1:p(2)-1
a1=[w(1)*a(x-1,y-1) w(2)*a(x-1,y) w(3)*a(x-1,y+1) w(4)*a(x,y-1)
w(5)*a(x,y) w(6)*a(x,y+1) w(7)*a(x+1,y-1) w(8)*a(x+1,y)
w(9)*a(x+1,y+1)
A1(x,y)=max(a1); %Dilation%
A2(x,y)=min(a1); %erosion%
end
end
figure(1),imshow(q)%Normalizing might be required
figure(2),imshow(d1)
figure(3),imshow(d2)
figure(4),imshow(A1)
figure(5),imshow(A2)

Manish Kumar(0728710031) Dept. of Computer Science & Engg. Page 10