SEMINAR

ON
GSM TECHNOLOGY
 INTRODUCTION
LOCATION BASED SPEED LIMITER

• IMPLEMENTING SPEED RESTRICTIONS IN VEHICLES BASED ON

DIFFERENT REGIONS
• PROVIDING WARNING TO THE DRIVER IF VEHICLE ABOVE SPECIFIED
SPEED LIMIT OF THE REGION
• IF VEHICLE OVER SPEEDING IN THE REGION, THEN INFORMING THE
AUTHORITIES OF THE SPEED AND LOCATION OF THE OVERSPEEDING
VEHICLE

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BASIC BLOCK DIAGRAM
SPEED CTRL
SPEED CIRCUIT
SENSOR
MICRO
CONTROLLER GPS MODULE
RF
RECIEVER

GSM MODULE

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USE OF THE GSM MODULE
• TO TRANSMIT THE INFORMATION REGARDING
CURRENT SPEED AND LOCATION OF THE VEHICLE
• TO RECEIVE WARNING MESSAGES FROM THE
AUTORITIES CONCERNED

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 GSM TECHNOLOGY
• What is GSM?
Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) is a second
generation cellular standard developed to cater voice services
and data delivery using digital modulation. Developed by
CEPT( Conference of European Posts and
Telecommunications)

• Why was it developed?

To bring a standard in the standard used in mobile
communication in the different parts of the world.
To replace the different analog techniques that were being
developed by different countries in the 80s

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FEATURES OF GSM
– Good subjective speech quality
– Low terminal and service cost
– Support for international roaming – one system use all
round the world
– Ability to support handheld terminals
– Support for range of new services and facilities
– Enhanced Features
– ISDN compatibility
– Enhance privacy
– Security against fraud

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CELL STRUCTURES

GSM is a cellular network, which means that mobile

phones connect to it by searching for cells in the immediate
vicinity. There are five different cell sizes in a GSM network:

• MICRO CELL
• MACRO CELL
• PICO CELL
• FEMTO CELL
• UMBRELLA CELL

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GSM ARCHITECTURE

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MOBILE STATION(MS)

The Mobile Station is made up of two entities:

1. Mobile Equipment (ME)

2. Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)

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BASE STATION SUBSYSTEM (BSS)

Base Station Subsystem is composed of two parts that

communicate across the standardized Abis interface
allowing operation between components made by different
suppliers:

1. Base Transceiver Station (BTS)

2. Base Station Controller (BSC)

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NETWORK SUBSYSTEM

It consists of mainly four parts:

1. Mobile Switching Center (MSC)

2. Home Location Register (HLR)
3. Visitor Location Register (VLR)
4. Authentication Center (AUC)
5. Equipment Identity Register (EIR)

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GSM Frequencies and Frequency Bands
Commonly GSM frequency allocations fall into four bands:
850, 900, 1800 and 1900 MHz GSM
Therefore it is possible for phones to be use for global
roaming. But different bands are available.

There is a total of fourteen different recognized GSM

frequency bands:

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 GSM Frame Structure
• The GSM system has a defined GSM frame structure to enable
the orderly passage of information.
• The basic element in the GSM frame structure is the frame
itself. This comprises the eight slots, each used for different
users within the TDMA system.
• The fundamental unit of time is called a burst period and it
lasts for approximately 0.577 ms (15/26 ms). Eight of these
burst periods are grouped into what is known as a TDMA
frame.

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GSM MULTIFRAMES:

The GSM frames are grouped together to form multiframes

and in this way it is possible to establish a time schedule for
their operation and the network can be synchronised.:

• TRAFFIC MULTIFRAME
• CONTROL MULTIFRAME

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ADVANTAGES OF GSM
• Crisper, cleaner quieter calls
• Security against fraud and eavesdropping
• International roaming capability
• Improved battery life
• Efficient network design for less expensive system expansion
• Efficient use of spectrum
• Advanced features such as short messaging and caller ID
• A wide variety of handsets and accessories
• High stability mobile fax and data at up to 9600 baud
• Ease of use with over the air activation, and all account
information is held in a smart card which can be moved from
handset to handset
• Compatibility with ISDN.
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DISADVANTAGES OF GSM
• Pulse nature of TDMA transmission used in 2G interferes with
some electronics, especially certain audio amplifiers. 3G uses
W-CDMA now.
• Intellectual property is concentrated among a few industry
participants, creating barriers to entry for new entrants and
limiting competition among phone manufacturers.
• GSM has a fixed maximum cell site range of 35 km, which is
imposed by technical limitations.

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REFERENCES
• Radio-electronics.com
• Wikipedia.com
• Gsmworld.com

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THANK YOU

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