v

Distance: |P1P2|= ( x 2  x1 ) 2  ( y 2  y1 ) 2  ( z 2  z1 ) 2 Sphere: (x-h)2+(y-k)2+(z-l)2=r2 Unit Vector: Dot Product:

  v
a  b  a1b1cos
 a2b2 aa3b3b
 
∡ Between: a b
Orthogonal: u  v  0 Parallel: u  
v , uxv=0 Scalar Proj: b onto a: a  b, a in b direction:
a b
   1or 1
u v b
comp a b 
a

b comp a  a cos
2 , a in b direction: proj b a   a  tv, vLine

Vector Proj: b onto a: proj a b  a  r 0Vector
r cos   nEq:
 a, b, c , v  r  r 0 , r  x, y, z , r 0  x 0 , y 0 , z 0 
a b
x  x0 y  y0 z  z0   
Parametric:  x, y, z  x0 , y0 , z0  t  a, b, c , x  x0  at , y  y0Symmetric:
 bt , z  z0  ct  Vector Plane Eq: (r  r0 )  n  0
a b c
Scalar: a ( x  x )  b( y  y )  c ( Linear:  0 by  cz  Rectangular:
z  z0 ) ax d 0 (x,y,z) Polar: (r,θ) Cylindrical: (r,θ,z) Spherical: (ϱ,θ,φ)R-P: r2=x2+y2
0 0
z-z0=fx(x0,y0)(x-x0)+fy(x0,y0)(y-y0)
C-R: x=rcosθ, y=rsinθ, z=z R-C: r2=x2+y2, tan θ =y/x, S-R: x= ϱsinφcosθ, y=ϱsinφsinθ, z=ϱcosφ S-Dist: ϱ2=x2+y2+z2 Clairaut’s Th: z=f(x,y),zxy=zyx Wave: utt=c2uxx

Heat: nt=c2uxx Laplace: uxx+uyy+uzz=0 Partial Derivatives: f(x,y)=x3+x2y3-2y2, fx=3x2+2y3x, fy=3x2-4y,fxy=fyx=6xy2Tangent f Planes: f
zz  ( x0 , y0 )( x x0 )  ( x0 , y0 )( y  y0 )
Chain Rule: ,
f f z
Gradient:
f x f yf ˆ f ˆ
Directional: Du f0  
D (xf
a 
, u
b )   MaxMin:
f f
xx
u
( acos
.b ) 
f yy ( xy
ay, b)  f (a, b) 2 
 r  t 
z  f ( x, y ), dz  z dxf  dy 
( x, y ),  f  i   j 
 
S  t    r  u  du , L   r  t 
t  b 
Lagrange Mult: f  Motion: g xr  t   position
y t , v  tx rt t  , speed   vTt  t r tArclength:
v  t ,ya  tLine:
y tx Tangent 
r  t 
a a



Curvature: T t 

r  t  r  t    f
Unit Normal  x Vector: Nv0t2sin 2   t 
TProjectile: 1
  , y   gt 2   v0 sin   t , v0 y  v0 sin  , v0 x  v0 cos 

Kt     3 ,K x    x  v0 cos t 
T  t 
             

Iterated Integrals: r  ft ( x, y ) dA r  t d b f ( x, y1)fdxdy 2b
3
( xf , yx)dA, 2

d b
f ( r
g
cos
f ( x, y )dydx
2
 , r sin  ) rdrd , x  r cos , y  r sin  , x 2  y 2  r 2
c a  a c a
R m R
mx Moments of inertia:
  y ( x, y ) dA, m    x ( x, y )dA,x  , mIx    , y )dA, Iy    x 2  ( x, y )dA
y
Center of Mass: m  ,y (yx2,y()x
dA
x y
 m m
r  t  dt ,  ds,  f ( x, y ) ds,  fxWork:
 t  yW
 t  r t Fdt r  t dt
D D b  D D D
Vector Fields: F ( x, y )  P ( x, y )iˆ  Q( x, y ) ˆj  f x iˆ  f y ˆj  fIntegrals:
Line
a  C C

    Q CP
Curl: curlF  if=0, F then F is conservative. Divergence: divF  Green’s  F Thm:
C xdx  ydy, C Pdx  Qdy   D x  y dA
Relative Extrema: f(x,y)=6x2+9y2,fx=12x,fy=18y, 12x=0,x=0,18y=0,y=0,CP=(0,0), fxy=0, fxx=12, fyy=18, D=(12)(18)-0=216>0, D:{x2+y2=9, y2=9-x2=81-3x2, z=6x2+9(9-x2)=6x
+81-9x2, dz/dx=-6x, -6x=0, x=0, Parabola opens down, on the boundary when x=0, y=+/- 3, (0,3),(0,-3), f(0,3)=81=f(0.-3), 81=absolute max.
49  r 2 2 49
2 7 49  r 2 2 7 2 7 1 7
   rdzdrd
Volume of the region bounded by the paraboloid z=49-x2-y20 and 0the 0xy-plane,  
0≤z≤49-r2,   rz
0≤θ≤02π, 00≤r≤7, drd    
49r  r 3 drd    r2  r4
 2  7 4 7 4  2 24  4
0 0 0 0 0

2 2 2 2
 2 
 2 
Normal line to the surface z=ln(3x +2y +1) at the point (0,0,0), Tangent plane= z-0= dz/dx(0,0,0)(x-0)+dz/dy(0,0,0)(y=0), z=6x/3x +2y +2]evaluated  
 + 4y/3x
at (x-0)
4 4
27 2
+2y +2]
2
 
 2401
evaluated at (y-0), x=0, y=0, z=t  
A rectangular box with square base and no top is to have a volume of 32 ft3 what is the least amt of material required? V=x2y=32 (constraint), S=x2+4xy, S(x,y)=x2+4xy, y=32/x2,
S=x2+4x(32/x2)= x2+ (128/x), Find critical numbers: ds/dx=2x-(128/x2)=0=2x3-128, 2x3=128, x=4, y=2, S=16+4(4)(2)=48 ft2
 6 cos  1  1 1    1 9
2
Region inside both r+6sin and r=6cos, 2
 0  rdrd   2 
2 2
r d  36 cos d  36(   sin 2 )

2 2

2
 36(   )     2
Evaluate the work done between point 14and point 2 for the conservative 2
4 field F=6xi+6yj+6zk, 2 4 4
4 P1(2,2,2), P2(6,9,4), P=6x, Q=6y, R=6z, df/dx=6x, 4 8 4 2
∫6xdx=3x2+g(y,z), F=3x2+g(y,z),
Fx=gy(y,z), 3y2=g(y)+h(z), f=3x2+3y2+h(z), fz=h’(z)=6z, h=3z2, f(x,y,z)=3x2+3y2+3z2, W=f(6,9,4)-f(2,2,2)=3(36)+3(81)+3(16)-3(4)-3(4)-3(4)=3(117+4)=363